1
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Zimmermann JA, Lucht K, Stecher M, Badhan C, Glaser KM, Epple MW, Koch LR, Deboutte W, Manke T, Ebnet K, Brinkmann F, Fehler O, Vogl T, Schuster EM, Bremser A, Buescher JM, Rambold AS. Functional multi-organelle units control inflammatory lipid metabolism of macrophages. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:1261-1273. [PMID: 38969763 PMCID: PMC11321999 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells contain several membrane-separated organelles to compartmentalize distinct metabolic reactions. However, it has remained unclear how these organelle systems are coordinated when cells adapt metabolic pathways to support their development, survival or effector functions. Here we present OrgaPlexing, a multi-spectral organelle imaging approach for the comprehensive mapping of six key metabolic organelles and their interactions. We use this analysis on macrophages, immune cells that undergo rapid metabolic switches upon sensing bacterial and inflammatory stimuli. Our results identify lipid droplets (LDs) as primary inflammatory responder organelle, which forms three- and four-way interactions with other organelles. While clusters with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria (mitochondria-ER-LD unit) help supply fatty acids for LD growth, the additional recruitment of peroxisomes (mitochondria-ER-peroxisome-LD unit) supports fatty acid efflux from LDs. Interference with individual components of these units has direct functional consequences for inflammatory lipid mediator synthesis. Together, we show that macrophages form functional multi-organellar units to support metabolic adaptation and provide an experimental strategy to identify organelle-metabolic signalling hubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Zimmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Lucht
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Stecher
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chahat Badhan
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina M Glaser
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian W Epple
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lena R Koch
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ward Deboutte
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Manke
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group: Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Frauke Brinkmann
- Institute-Associated Research Group: Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Olesja Fehler
- Institute of Immunology, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Ev-Marie Schuster
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Bremser
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joerg M Buescher
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Angelika S Rambold
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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2
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Chambers TL, Dimet-Wiley A, Keeble AR, Haghani A, Lo WJ, Kang G, Brooke R, Horvath S, Fry CS, Watowich SJ, Wen Y, Murach KA. Methylome-proteome integration after late-life voluntary exercise training reveals regulation and target information for improved skeletal muscle health. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 39058663 DOI: 10.1113/jp286681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a potent stimulus for combatting skeletal muscle ageing. To study the effects of exercise on muscle in a preclinical setting, we developed a combined endurance-resistance training stimulus for mice called progressive weighted wheel running (PoWeR). PoWeR improves molecular, biochemical, cellular and functional characteristics of skeletal muscle and promotes aspects of partial epigenetic reprogramming when performed late in life (22-24 months of age). In this investigation, we leveraged pan-mammalian DNA methylome arrays and tandem mass-spectrometry proteomics in skeletal muscle to provide detailed information on late-life PoWeR adaptations in female mice relative to age-matched sedentary controls (n = 7-10 per group). Differential CpG methylation at conserved promoter sites was related to transcriptional regulation genes as well as Nr4a3, Hes1 and Hox genes after PoWeR. Using a holistic method of -omics integration called binding and expression target analysis (BETA), methylome changes were associated with upregulated proteins related to global and mitochondrial translation after PoWeR (P = 0.03). Specifically, BETA implicated methylation control of ribosomal, mitoribosomal, and mitochondrial complex I protein abundance after training. DNA methylation may also influence LACTB, MIB1 and UBR4 protein induction with exercise - all are mechanistically linked to muscle health. Computational cistrome analysis predicted several transcription factors including MYC as regulators of the exercise trained methylome-proteome landscape, corroborating prior late-life PoWeR transcriptome data. Correlating the proteome to muscle mass and fatigue resistance revealed positive relationships with VPS13A and NPL levels, respectively. Our findings expose differential epigenetic and proteomic adaptations associated with translational regulation after PoWeR that could influence skeletal muscle mass and function in aged mice. KEY POINTS: Late-life combined endurance-resistance exercise training from 22-24 months of age in mice is shown to improve molecular, biochemical, cellular and in vivo functional characteristics of skeletal muscle and promote aspects of partial epigenetic reprogramming and epigenetic age mitigation. Integration of DNA CpG 36k methylation arrays using conserved sites (which also contain methylation ageing clock sites) with exploratory proteomics in skeletal muscle extends our prior work and reveals coordinated and widespread regulation of ribosomal, translation initiation, mitochondrial ribosomal (mitoribosomal) and complex I proteins after combined voluntary exercise training in a sizeable cohort of female mice (n = 7-10 per group and analysis). Multi-omics integration predicted epigenetic regulation of serine β-lactamase-like protein (LACTB - linked to tumour resistance in muscle), mind bomb 1 (MIB1 - linked to satellite cell and type 2 fibre maintenance) and ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component N-recognin 4 (UBR4 - linked to muscle protein quality control) after training. Computational cistrome analysis identified MYC as a regulator of the late-life training proteome, in agreement with prior transcriptional analyses. Vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog A (VPS13A) was positively correlated to muscle mass, and the glycoprotein/glycolipid associated sialylation enzyme N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase (NPL) was associated to in vivo muscle fatigue resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby L Chambers
- Exercise Science Research Center, Molecular Muscle Mass Regulation Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | | | - Alexander R Keeble
- University of Kentucky Center for Muscle Biology, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Amin Haghani
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Juo Lo
- Department of Educational Statistics and Research Methods, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Gyumin Kang
- University of Kentucky Center for Muscle Biology, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Robert Brooke
- Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
- Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S Fry
- University of Kentucky Center for Muscle Biology, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Stanley J Watowich
- Ridgeline Therapeutics, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yuan Wen
- University of Kentucky Center for Muscle Biology, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Exercise Science Research Center, Molecular Muscle Mass Regulation Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Pinyomahakul J, Ise M, Kawamura M, Yamada T, Okuyama K, Shibata S, Takizawa J, Abe M, Sakimura K, Takebayashi H. Analysis of Brain, Blood, and Testis Phenotypes Lacking the Vps13a Gene in C57BL/6N Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7776. [PMID: 39063018 PMCID: PMC11277237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Vps13a gene encodes a lipid transfer protein called VPS13A, or chorein, associated with mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs), mitochondria-endosomes, and lipid droplets. This protein plays a crucial role in inter-organelle communication and lipid transport. Mutations in the VPS13A gene are implicated in the pathogenesis of chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc), a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by chorea, orofacial dyskinesias, hyperkinetic movements, seizures, cognitive impairment, and acanthocytosis. Previous mouse models of ChAc have shown variable disease phenotypes depending on the genetic background. In this study, we report the generation of a Vps13a flox allele in a pure C57BL/6N mouse background and the subsequent creation of Vps13a knockout (KO) mice via Cre-recombination. Our Vps13a KO mice exhibited increased reticulocytes but not acanthocytes in peripheral blood smears. Additionally, there were no significant differences in the GFAP- and Iba1-positive cells in the striatum, the basal ganglia of the central nervous system. Interestingly, we observed abnormal spermatogenesis leading to male infertility. These findings indicate that Vps13a KO mice are valuable models for studying male infertility and some hematological aspects of ChAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitrapa Pinyomahakul
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (J.P.)
| | - Masataka Ise
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (J.P.)
| | - Meiko Kawamura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan; (M.K.); (M.A.); (K.S.)
| | - Takashi Yamada
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.Y.); (J.T.)
| | - Kentaro Okuyama
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (K.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (K.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Jun Takizawa
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.Y.); (J.T.)
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan; (M.K.); (M.A.); (K.S.)
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan; (M.K.); (M.A.); (K.S.)
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (J.P.)
- Center for Coordination of Research Facilities, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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4
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García-García E, Carreras-Caballé M, Coll-Manzano A, Ramón-Lainez A, Besa-Selva G, Pérez-Navarro E, Malagelada C, Alberch J, Masana M, Rodríguez MJ. Preserved VPS13A distribution and expression in Huntington's disease: divergent mechanisms of action for similar movement disorders? Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1394478. [PMID: 38903599 PMCID: PMC11188336 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1394478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
VPS13A disease and Huntington's disease (HD) are two basal ganglia disorders that may be difficult to distinguish clinically because they have similar symptoms, neuropathological features, and cellular dysfunctions with selective degeneration of the medium spiny neurons of the striatum. However, their etiology is different. VPS13A disease is caused by a mutation in the VPS13A gene leading to a lack of protein in the cells, while HD is due to an expansion of CAG repeat in the huntingtin (Htt) gene, leading to aberrant accumulation of mutant Htt. Considering the similarities of both diseases regarding the selective degeneration of striatal medium spiny neurons, the involvement of VPS13A in the molecular mechanisms of HD pathophysiology cannot be discarded. We analyzed the VPS13A distribution in the striatum, cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of a transgenic mouse model of HD. We also quantified the VPS13A levels in the human cortex and putamen nucleus; and compared data on mutant Htt-induced changes in VPS13A expression from differential expression datasets. We found that VPS13A brain distribution or expression was unaltered in most situations with a decrease in the putamen of HD patients and small mRNA changes in the striatum and cerebellum of HD mice. We concluded that the selective susceptibility of the striatum in VPS13A disease and HD may be a consequence of disturbances in different cellular processes with convergent molecular mechanisms already to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther García-García
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Carreras-Caballé
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Coll-Manzano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Ramón-Lainez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gisela Besa-Selva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Pérez-Navarro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Malagelada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Masana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel J. Rodríguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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Monteiro-Cardoso VF, Giordano F. Emerging functions of the mitochondria-ER-lipid droplet three-way junction in coordinating lipid transfer, metabolism, and storage in cells. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1252-1273. [PMID: 38774950 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, we have witnessed a growing appreciation for the importance of membrane contact sites (CS) in facilitating direct communication between organelles. CS are tiny regions where the membranes of two organelles meet but do not fuse and allow the transfer of metabolites between organelles, playing crucial roles in the coordination of cellular metabolic activities. The significant advancements in imaging techniques and molecular and cell biology research have revealed that CS are more complex than what originally thought, and as they are extremely dynamic, they can remodel their shape, composition, and functions in accordance with metabolic and environmental changes and can occur between more than two organelles. Here, we describe how recent studies led to the identification of a three-way mitochondria-ER-lipid droplet CS and discuss the emerging functions of these contacts in maintaining lipid storage, homeostasis, and balance. We also summarize the properties and functions of key protein components localized at the mitochondria-ER-lipid droplet interface, with a special focus on lipid transfer proteins. Understanding tripartite CS is essential for unraveling the complexities of inter-organelle communication and cooperation within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Filipa Monteiro-Cardoso
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
- Inserm U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Francesca Giordano
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
- Inserm U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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6
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Alkahtani S, Alkahtane AA, Alarifi S. Physiological and Pathogenesis Significance of Chorein in Health and Disease. Physiol Res 2024; 73:189-203. [PMID: 38710051 PMCID: PMC11081191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the physiological and pathophysiological significance of VPS13A, a protein encoded by the VPS13A gene. The VPS13A gene is associated with Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc), a rare hereditary neurodegenerative disorder. The review covers essential aspects, beginning with the genetics of VPS13A, highlighting its role in the pathogenesis of ChAc, and addressing the spectrum of genetic variants involved. It delves into the structure and function of the VPS13A protein, emphasizing its presence in various tissues and its potential involvement in protein trafficking and lipid homeostasis. Molecular functions of VPS13A in the brain tissue and other cell types or tissues with respect to their role in cytoskeletal regulation and autophagy are explored. Finally, it explores the intriguing link between VPS13A mutations, lipid imbalances, and neurodegeneration, shedding light on future research directions. Overall, this review serves as a comprehensive resource for understanding the pivotal role of VPS13A in health and disease, particularly in the context of ChAc. Key words: Chorein , Tumor, Actin, Microfilament, Gene expression, Chorea-acanthocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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7
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Suzuki SW, West M, Zhang Y, Fan JS, Roberts RT, Odorizzi G, Emr SD. A role for Vps13-mediated lipid transfer at the ER-endosome contact site in ESCRT-mediated sorting. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202307094. [PMID: 38319250 PMCID: PMC10847051 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202307094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Endosomes are specialized organelles that function in the secretory and endocytic protein sorting pathways. Endocytosed cell surface receptors and transporters destined for lysosomal degradation are sorted into intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) at endosomes by endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) proteins. The endosomes (multivesicular bodies, MVBs) then fuse with the lysosome. During endosomal maturation, the number of ILVs increases, but the size of endosomes does not decrease despite the consumption of the limiting membrane during ILV formation. Vesicle-mediated trafficking is thought to provide lipids to support MVB biogenesis. However, we have uncovered an unexpected contribution of a large bridge-like lipid transfer protein, Vps13, in this process. Here, we reveal that Vps13-mediated lipid transfer at ER-endosome contact sites is required for the ESCRT pathway. We propose that Vps13 may play a critical role in supplying lipids to the endosome, ensuring continuous ESCRT-mediated sorting during MVB biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho W. Suzuki
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Matthew West
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Yichen Zhang
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jenny S. Fan
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rachel T. Roberts
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Greg Odorizzi
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Scott D. Emr
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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8
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Mathiowetz AJ, Olzmann JA. Lipid droplets and cellular lipid flux. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:331-345. [PMID: 38454048 PMCID: PMC11228001 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are dynamic organelles that store neutral lipids, serve the metabolic needs of cells, and sequester lipids to prevent lipotoxicity and membrane damage. Here we review the current understanding of the mechanisms of lipid droplet biogenesis and turnover, the transfer of lipids and metabolites at membrane contact sites, and the role of lipid droplets in regulating fatty acid flux in lipotoxicity and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J Mathiowetz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - James A Olzmann
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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9
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Kundu S, Jaiswal M, Babu Mullapudi V, Guo J, Kamat M, Basso KB, Guo Z. Investigation of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-Plasma Membrane Interaction in Live Cells and the Influence of GPI Glycan Structure on the Interaction. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303047. [PMID: 37966101 PMCID: PMC10922586 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) need to interact with other components in the cell membrane to transduce transmembrane signals. A bifunctional GPI probe was employed for photoaffinity-based proximity labelling and identification of GPI-interacting proteins in the cell membrane. This probe contained the entire core structure of GPIs and was functionalized with photoreactive diazirine and clickable alkyne to facilitate its crosslinking with proteins and attachment of an affinity tag. It was disclosed that this probe was more selective than our previously reported probe containing only a part structure of the GPI core for cell membrane incorporation and an improved probe for studying GPI-cell membrane interaction. Eighty-eight unique membrane proteins, many of which are related to GPIs/GPI-anchored proteins, were identified utilizing this probe. The proteomics dataset is a valuable resource for further analyses and data mining to find new GPI-related proteins and signalling pathways. A comparison of these results with those of our previous probe provided direct evidence for the profound impact of GPI glycan structure on its interaction with the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Mohit Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Jiatong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Manasi Kamat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kari B Basso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- UF Health Cancer Centre, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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10
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Sun S, Zhao G, Jia M, Jiang Q, Li S, Wang H, Li W, Wang Y, Bian X, Zhao YG, Huang X, Yang G, Cai H, Pastor-Pareja JC, Ge L, Zhang C, Hu J. Stay in touch with the endoplasmic reticulum. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:230-257. [PMID: 38212460 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is composed of a continuous network of tubules and sheets, forms the most widely distributed membrane system in eukaryotic cells. As a result, it engages a variety of organelles by establishing membrane contact sites (MCSs). These contacts regulate organelle positioning and remodeling, including fusion and fission, facilitate precise lipid exchange, and couple vital signaling events. Here, we systematically review recent advances and converging themes on ER-involved organellar contact. The molecular basis, cellular influence, and potential physiological functions for ER/nuclear envelope contacts with mitochondria, Golgi, endosomes, lysosomes, lipid droplets, autophagosomes, and plasma membrane are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Sun
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Gan Zhao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mingkang Jia
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shulin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Laboratory of Computational Biology & Machine Intelligence, School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xin Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yan G Zhao
- Brain Research Center, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Ge Yang
- Laboratory of Computational Biology & Machine Intelligence, School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Huaqing Cai
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jose C Pastor-Pareja
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Institute of Neurosciences, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientfflcas-Universidad Miguel Hernandez, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Spain.
| | - Liang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Chuanmao Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Junjie Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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11
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Arai K, Nishizawa Y, Nagata O, Sakimoto H, Sasaki N, Sano A, Nakamura M. The Role of Chorein Deficiency in Late Spermatogenesis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:240. [PMID: 38275411 PMCID: PMC10813020 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
VPS13A, also known as chorein, whose loss of function causes chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc), is characterized by Huntington's-disease-like neurodegeneration and neuropsychiatric symptoms in addition to acanthocytosis in red blood cells. We previously reported that ChAc-model mice with a loss of chorein function exhibited male infertility, with asthenozoospermia and mitochondrial dysmorphology in the spermatozoa. Here, we report a novel aspect of chorein dysfunction in male fertility, particularly its role in spermatogenesis and mitochondrial integrity. An increase in anti-malondialdehyde antibody immunoreaction within the testes, predominantly observed at the advanced stages of sperm formation in chorein-deficient mice, suggests oxidative stress as a contributing factor to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired sperm maturation. The chorein immunoreactivity in spermatids of wild-type mice accentuates its significance in sperm development. ChAc-model mice exhibit mitochondrial ultrastructural abnormalities, specifically during the late stages of sperm maturation, suggesting a critical timeframe for chorein's action in spermiogenesis. We observed an increase in TOM20 protein levels, indicative of disrupted mitochondrial import mechanisms. The concurrent decrease in metabolic enzymes such as IDH3A, LDHC, PGK2, and ACAT1 suggests a complex chorein-mediated metabolic network that is essential for sperm vitality. Additionally, heightened separation of cytoplasmic droplets from sperm highlights the potential membrane instability in chorein-deficient spermatozoa. Metabolomic profiling further suggests a compensatory metabolic shift, with elevated glycolytic and TCA-cycle substrates. Our findings suggest that chorein is involved in anti-ferroptosis and the maturation of mitochondrial morphology in the late stages of spermatogenesis, and its deficiency leads to asthenozoospermia characterized by membrane instability, abnormal cytosolic glycolysis, abnormal mitochondrial function, and a disrupted TCA cycle. Further analyses are required to unravel the molecular mechanisms that directly link these findings and to elucidate the role of chorein in spermatogenesis as well as its broader implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Masayuki Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan; (K.A.)
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12
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Makio T, Simmen T. Not So Rare: Diseases Based on Mutant Proteins Controlling Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contact (MERC) Tethering. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2024; 7:25152564241261228. [PMID: 39070058 PMCID: PMC11273598 DOI: 10.1177/25152564241261228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contacts (MERCs), also called endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contact sites (ERMCS), are the membrane domains, where these two organelles exchange lipids, Ca2+ ions, and reactive oxygen species. This crosstalk is a major determinant of cell metabolism, since it allows the ER to control mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and the Krebs cycle, while conversely, it allows the mitochondria to provide sufficient ATP to control ER proteostasis. MERC metabolic signaling is under the control of tethers and a multitude of regulatory proteins. Many of these proteins have recently been discovered to give rise to rare diseases if their genes are mutated. Surprisingly, these diseases share important hallmarks and cause neurological defects, sometimes paired with, or replaced by skeletal muscle deficiency. Typical symptoms include developmental delay, intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism and ophthalmologic defects. Seizures, epilepsy, deafness, ataxia, or peripheral neuropathy can also occur upon mutation of a MERC protein. Given that most MERC tethers and regulatory proteins have secondary functions, some MERC protein-based diseases do not fit into this categorization. Typically, however, the proteins affected in those diseases have dominant functions unrelated to their roles in MERCs tethering or their regulation. We are discussing avenues to pharmacologically target genetic diseases leading to MERC defects, based on our novel insight that MERC defects lead to common characteristics in rare diseases. These shared characteristics of MERCs disorders raise the hope that they may allow for similar treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Makio
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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13
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Ugur B, Schueder F, Shin J, Hanna MG, Wu Y, Leonzino M, Su M, McAdow AR, Wilson C, Postlethwait J, Solnica-Krezel L, Bewersdorf J, De Camilli P. VPS13B is localized at the cis-trans Golgi complex interface and is a functional partner of FAM177A1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.18.572081. [PMID: 38187698 PMCID: PMC10769246 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.18.572081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in VPS13B, a member of a protein family implicated in bulk lipid transport between adjacent membranes, cause Cohen syndrome. VPS13B is known to be concentrated in the Golgi complex, but its precise location within this organelle and thus the site(s) where it achieves lipid transport remains unclear. Here we show that VPS13B is localized at the interface between cis and trans Golgi sub-compartments and that Golgi complex re-formation after Brefeldin A (BFA) induced disruption is delayed in VPS13B KO cells. This delay is phenocopied by loss of FAM177A1, a Golgi complex protein of unknown function reported to be a VPS13B interactor and whose mutations also result in a developmental disorder. In zebrafish, the vps13b orthologue, not previously annotated in this organism, genetically interacts with fam177a1. Collectively, these findings raise the possibility that bulk lipid transport by VPS13B may play a role in expanding Golgi membranes and that VPS13B may be assisted in this function by FAM177A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrak Ugur
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Florian Schueder
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jimann Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael G. Hanna
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yumei Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marianna Leonzino
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maohan Su
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anthony R. McAdow
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Catherine Wilson
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | | | - Lilianna Solnica-Krezel
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joerg Bewersdorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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14
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Ditzel RM, Walker RH, Nirenberg MJ, Tetlow AM, Farrell K, Lind-Watson KJ, Thorn EL, Dangoor DK, Gordon R, De Sanctis C, Barton B, Karp BI, Kirby A, Lett DJ, Mente K, Simon DK, Velayos-Baeza A, Miltenberger-Miltenyi G, Humphrey J, Crary JF. An Autopsy Series of Seven Cases of VPS13A Disease (Chorea-Acanthocytosis). Mov Disord 2023; 38:2163-2172. [PMID: 37670483 PMCID: PMC10841393 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog A (VPS13A) disease, historically known as chorea-acanthocytosis, is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by biallelic mutations in VPS13A, usually resulting in reduced or absent levels of its protein product, VPS13A. VPS13A localizes to contact sites between subcellular organelles, consistent with its recently identified role in lipid transfer between membranes. Mutations are associated with neuronal loss in the striatum, most prominently in the caudate nucleus, and associated marked astrogliosis. There are no other known disease-specific cellular changes (eg, protein aggregation), but autopsy reports to date have been limited, often lacking genetic or biochemical diagnostic confirmation. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to characterize neuropathological findings in the brains of seven patients with VPS13A disease (chorea-acanthocytosis). METHODS In this study, we collected brain tissues and clinical data from seven cases of VPS13A for neuropathological analysis. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of VPS13A mutations and/or immunoblot showing the loss or reduction of VPS13A protein. Tissues underwent routine, special, and immunohistochemical staining focused on neurodegeneration. Electron microscopy was performed in one case. RESULTS Gross examination showed severe striatal atrophy. Microscopically, there was neuronal loss and astrogliosis in affected regions. Luxol fast blue staining showed variable lipid accumulation with diverse morphology, which was further characterized by electron microscopy. In some cases, rare degenerating p62- and ubiquitin-positive cells were present in affected regions. Calcifications were present in four cases, being extensive in one. CONCLUSIONS We present the largest autopsy series of biochemically and genetically confirmed VPS13A disease and identify novel histopathological findings implicating abnormal lipid accumulation. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky M. Ditzel
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ruth H. Walker
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Melissa J. Nirenberg
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Amber M. Tetlow
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kurt Farrell
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kourtni J. Lind-Watson
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emma L. Thorn
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Diana K. Dangoor
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ronald Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Claudia De Sanctis
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brandon Barton
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Barbara I. Karp
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alana Kirby
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Debra J. Lett
- Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Karin Mente
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland OH, USA
| | - David K. Simon
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Antonio Velayos-Baeza
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gabriel Miltenberger-Miltenyi
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Reference Center on Lysosomal Storage Diseases, Hospital Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jack Humphrey
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John F. Crary
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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15
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Peggion C, Barazzuol L, Poggio E, Calì T, Brini M. Ca 2+ signalling: A common language for organelles crosstalk in Parkinson's disease. Cell Calcium 2023; 115:102783. [PMID: 37597300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by multifactorial pathogenic mechanisms. Familial PD is linked with genetic mutations in genes whose products are either associated with mitochondrial function or endo-lysosomal pathways. Of note, mitochondria are essential to sustain high energy demanding synaptic activity of neurons and alterations in mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling have been proposed as causal events for neurodegenerative process, although the mechanisms responsible for the selective loss of specific neuronal populations in the different neurodegenerative diseases is still not clear. Here, we specifically discuss the importance of a correct mitochondrial communication with the other organelles occurring at regions where their membranes become in close contact. We discuss the nature and the role of contact sites that mitochondria establish with ER, lysosomes, and peroxisomes, and how PD related proteins participate in the regulation/dysregulation of the tethering complexes. Unravelling molecular details of mitochondria tethering could contribute to identify specific therapeutic targets and develop new strategies to counteract the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Poggio
- Department of Biology (DIBIO), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB), University of Padova, Italy; Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology (DIBIO), University of Padova, Italy; Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, Italy.
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16
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Hanna M, Guillén-Samander A, De Camilli P. RBG Motif Bridge-Like Lipid Transport Proteins: Structure, Functions, and Open Questions. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2023; 39:409-434. [PMID: 37406299 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120420-014634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The life of eukaryotic cells requires the transport of lipids between membranes, which are separated by the aqueous environment of the cytosol. Vesicle-mediated traffic along the secretory and endocytic pathways and lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) cooperate in this transport. Until recently, known LTPs were shown to carry one or a few lipids at a time and were thought to mediate transport by shuttle-like mechanisms. Over the last few years, a new family of LTPs has been discovered that is defined by a repeating β-groove (RBG) rod-like structure with a hydrophobic channel running along their entire length. This structure and the localization of these proteins at membrane contact sites suggest a bridge-like mechanism of lipid transport. Mutations in some of these proteins result in neurodegenerative and developmental disorders. Here we review the known properties and well-established or putative physiological roles of these proteins, and we highlight the many questions that remain open about their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hanna
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA;
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrés Guillén-Samander
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA;
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA;
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
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17
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Muñoz JP, Basei FL, Rojas ML, Galvis D, Zorzano A. Mechanisms of Modulation of Mitochondrial Architecture. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1225. [PMID: 37627290 PMCID: PMC10452872 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial network architecture plays a critical role in cellular physiology. Indeed, alterations in the shape of mitochondria upon exposure to cellular stress can cause the dysfunction of these organelles. In this scenario, mitochondrial dynamics proteins and the phospholipid composition of the mitochondrial membrane are key for fine-tuning the modulation of mitochondrial architecture. In addition, several factors including post-translational modifications such as the phosphorylation, acetylation, SUMOylation, and o-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial dynamics proteins contribute to shaping the plasticity of this architecture. In this regard, several studies have evidenced that, upon metabolic stress, mitochondrial dynamics proteins are post-translationally modified, leading to the alteration of mitochondrial architecture. Interestingly, several proteins that sustain the mitochondrial lipid composition also modulate mitochondrial morphology and organelle communication. In this context, pharmacological studies have revealed that the modulation of mitochondrial shape and function emerges as a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases. Here, we review the factors that modulate mitochondrial architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Muñoz
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernanda Luisa Basei
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-871 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - María Laura Rojas
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - David Galvis
- Programa de Química Farmacéutica, Universidad CES, Medellín 050031, Colombia
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Miltenberger-Miltenyi G, Jones A, Tetlow AM, Conceição VA, Crary JF, Ditzel RM, Farrell K, Nandakumar R, Barton B, Karp BI, Kirby A, Lett DJ, Mente K, Morgello S, Simon DK, Walker RH. Sphingolipid and Phospholipid Levels Are Altered in Human Brain in Chorea-Acanthocytosis. Mov Disord 2023; 38:1535-1541. [PMID: 37307400 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) is associated with mutations of VPS13A, which encodes for chorein, a protein implicated in lipid transport at intracellular membrane contact sites. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to establish the lipidomic profile of patients with ChAc. METHODS We analyzed 593 lipid species in the caudate nucleus (CN), putamen, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from postmortem tissues of four patients with ChAc and six patients without ChAc. RESULTS We found increased levels of bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate, sulfatide, lysophosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylcholine ether in the CN and putamen, but not in the DLPFC, of patients with ChAc. Phosphatidylserine and monoacylglycerol were increased in the CN and N-acyl phosphatidylserine in the putamen. N-acyl serine was decreased in the CN and DLPFC, whereas lysophosphatidylinositol was decreased in the DLPFC. CONCLUSIONS We present the first evidence of altered sphingolipid and phospholipid levels in the brains of patients with ChAc. Our observations are congruent with recent findings in cellular and animal models, and implicate defects of lipid processing in VPS13A disease pathophysiology. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Miltenberger-Miltenyi
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Reference Center on Lysosomal Storage Diseases, Hospital Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Attila Jones
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amber M Tetlow
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Vasco A Conceição
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - John F Crary
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Ricky Michael Ditzel
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Kurt Farrell
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Renu Nandakumar
- Biomarkers Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Brandon Barton
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Barbara I Karp
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alana Kirby
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Debra J Lett
- Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Mente
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan Morgello
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - David K Simon
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ruth H Walker
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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19
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Dabrowski R, Tulli S, Graef M. Parallel phospholipid transfer by Vps13 and Atg2 determines autophagosome biogenesis dynamics. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202211039. [PMID: 37115156 PMCID: PMC10148235 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202211039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During autophagy, rapid membrane assembly expands small phagophores into large double-membrane autophagosomes. Theoretical modeling predicts that the majority of autophagosomal phospholipids are derived from highly efficient non-vesicular phospholipid transfer (PLT) across phagophore-ER contacts (PERCS). Currently, the phagophore-ER tether Atg2 is the only PLT protein known to drive phagophore expansion in vivo. Here, our quantitative live-cell imaging analysis reveals a poor correlation between the duration and size of forming autophagosomes and the number of Atg2 molecules at PERCS of starving yeast cells. Strikingly, we find that Atg2-mediated PLT is non-rate limiting for autophagosome biogenesis because membrane tether and the PLT protein Vps13 localizes to the rim and promotes the expansion of phagophores in parallel with Atg2. In the absence of Vps13, the number of Atg2 molecules at PERCS determines the duration and size of forming autophagosomes with an apparent in vivo transfer rate of ∼200 phospholipids per Atg2 molecule and second. We propose that conserved PLT proteins cooperate in channeling phospholipids across organelle contact sites for non-rate-limiting membrane assembly during autophagosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Dabrowski
- Max Planck Research Group of Autophagy and Cellular Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanna Tulli
- Max Planck Research Group of Autophagy and Cellular Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Graef
- Max Planck Research Group of Autophagy and Cellular Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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20
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Tornero-Écija A, Zapata-Del-Baño A, Antón-Esteban L, Vincent O, Escalante R. The association of lipid transfer protein VPS13A with endosomes is mediated by sorting nexin SNX5. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201852. [PMID: 36977596 PMCID: PMC10053439 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human VPS13 proteins are implicated in severe neurological diseases. These proteins play an important role in lipid transport at membrane contact sites between different organelles. Identification of adaptors that regulate the subcellular localization of these proteins at specific membrane contact sites is essential to understand their function and role in disease. We have identified the sorting nexin SNX5 as an interactor of VPS13A that mediates its association with endosomal subdomains. As for the yeast sorting nexin and Vps13 endosomal adaptor Ypt35, this association involves the VPS13 adaptor-binding (VAB) domain in VPS13A and a PxP motif in SNX5. Notably, this interaction is impaired by mutation of a conserved asparagine residue in the VAB domain, which is also required for Vps13-adaptor binding in yeast and is pathogenic in VPS13D. VPS13A fragments containing the VAB domain co-localize with SNX5, whereas the more C-terminal part of VPS13A directs its localization to the mitochondria. Overall, our results suggest that a fraction of VPS13A localizes to junctions between the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and SNX5-containing endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Tornero-Écija
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, C.S.I.C./U.A.M., Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Antón-Esteban
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, C.S.I.C./U.A.M., Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivier Vincent
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, C.S.I.C./U.A.M., Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Escalante
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, C.S.I.C./U.A.M., Madrid, Spain
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21
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Chaudhari S, Ware AP, Jasti DB, Gorthi SP, Acharya LP, Bhat M, Mallya S, Satyamoorthy K. Exome sequencing of choreoacanthocytosis reveals novel mutations in VPS13A and co-mutation in modifier gene(s). Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:965-976. [PMID: 37209156 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Choreoacanthocytosis, one of the forms of neuroacanthocytosis, is caused by mutations in vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein A (VPS13A), and is often misdiagnosed with other form of neuroacanthocytosis with discrete genetic defects. The phenotypic variations among the patients with VPS13A mutations significantly obfuscates the understanding of the disease and treatment strategies. In this study, two unrelated cases were identified, exhibiting the core phenotype of neuroacanthocytosis but with considerable clinical heterogeneity. Case 1 presented with an additional Parkinsonism phenotype, whereas seizures were evident in case 2. To decipher the genetic basis, whole exome sequencing followed by validation with Sanger sequencing was performed. A known homozygous pathogenic nonsense mutation (c.799C > T; p.R267X) in exon 11 of the VPS13A gene was identified in case 1 that resulted in a truncated protein. A novel missense mutation (c.9263T > G; p.M3088R) in exon 69 of VPS13A identified in case 2 was predicted as pathogenic. In silico analysis of the p.M3088R mutation at the C-terminus of VPS13A suggests a loss of interaction with TOMM40 and may disrupt mitochondrial localization. We also observed an increase in mitochondrial DNA copy numbers in case 2. Mutation analysis revealed benign heterozygous variants in interacting partners of VPS13A such as VAPA in case 1. Our study confirmed the cases as ChAc and identified the novel homozygous variant of VPS13A (c.9263T > G; p.M3088R) within the mutation spectrum of VPS13A-associated ChAc. Furthermore, mutations in VPS13A and co-mutations in its potential interacting partner(s) might contribute to the diverse clinical manifestations of ChAc, which requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Chaudhari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Akshay Pramod Ware
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Dushyanth Babu Jasti
- Department of Neurology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sankar Prasad Gorthi
- Department of Neurology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Department of Neurology, Bharati Hospital and Research Center, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College and Hospital, Dhankawadi, Pune, Maharashtra, 411043, India
| | - Lavanya Prakash Acharya
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Manoj Bhat
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sandeep Mallya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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22
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Guillén-Samander A, De Camilli P. Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Contact Sites, Lipid Transport, and Neurodegeneration. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:a041257. [PMID: 36123033 PMCID: PMC10071438 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is an endomembrane system that plays a multiplicity of roles in cell physiology and populates even the most distal cell compartments, including dendritic tips and axon terminals of neurons. Some of its functions are achieved by a cross talk with other intracellular membranous organelles and with the plasma membrane at membrane contacts sites (MCSs). As the ER synthesizes most membrane lipids, lipid exchanges mediated by lipid transfer proteins at MCSs are a particularly important aspect of this cross talk, which synergizes with the cross talk mediated by vesicular transport. Several mutations of genes that encode proteins localized at ER MCSs result in familial neurodegenerative diseases, emphasizing the importance of the normal lipid traffic within cells for a healthy brain. Here, we provide an overview of such diseases, with a specific focus on proteins that directly or indirectly impact lipid transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Guillén-Samander
- Departments of Neuroscience and of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Departments of Neuroscience and of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA
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23
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Dall'Armellina F, Stagi M, Swan LE. In silico modeling human VPS13 proteins associated with donor and target membranes suggests lipid transfer mechanisms. Proteins 2023; 91:439-455. [PMID: 36404287 PMCID: PMC10953354 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The VPS13 protein family constitutes a novel class of bridge-like lipid transferases. Autosomal recessive inheritance of mutations in VPS13 genes is associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases in humans. Bioinformatic approaches previously recognized the domain architecture of these proteins. In this study, we model the first ever full-length structures of the four human homologs VPS13A, VPS13B, VPS13C, and VPS13D in association with model membranes, to investigate their lipid transfer ability and potential structural association with membrane leaflets. We analyze the evolutionary conservation and physicochemical properties of these proteins, focusing on conserved C-terminal amphipathic helices that disturb organelle surfaces and that, adjoined, resemble a traditional Venetian gondola. The gondola domains share significant structural homology with lipid droplet surface-binding proteins. We introduce in silico protein-membrane models displaying the mode of association of VPS13A, VPS13B, VPS13C, and VPS13D to donor and target membranes, and present potential models of action for protein-mediated lipid transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Dall'Armellina
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems BiologyInstitute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Massimiliano Stagi
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems BiologyInstitute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Laura E. Swan
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems BiologyInstitute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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24
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Peikert K, Danek A. VPS13 Forum Proceedings: XK, XK-Related and VPS13 Proteins in Membrane Lipid Dynamics. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2023; 6:25152564231156994. [PMID: 37366410 PMCID: PMC10243564 DOI: 10.1177/25152564231156994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In 2020, the pandemic interrupted the series of biannual International Neuroacanthocytosis Meetings that brought together clinicians, scientists, and patient groups to share research into a small group of devastating genetic diseases that combine both acanthocytosis (deformed red blood cells) and neurodegeneration with movement disorders. This Meeting Report describes talks at the 5th VPS13 Forum in January 2022, one of a series of online meetings held to fill the gap. The meeting addressed the basic biology of two key proteins implicated in chorea-acanthocytosis (mutations in VPS13A) and McLeod syndrome (mutations in XK). In a remarkable confluence of ideas, the speakers described different aspects of a single functional unit that comprises of VPS13A and XK proteins working together. Conditions caused by VPS13 (A-D) gene family mutations and related genes, such as XK, previously footnote knowledge, seem to turn central for a novel disease paradigm: bulk lipid transfer disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Peikert
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section
“Albrecht-Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of
Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences
Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- United Neuroscience Campus Lund-Rostock
(UNC), Rostock site, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adrian Danek
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital,
LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases
(Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, DZNE), Research Site Munich, Munich,
Germany
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25
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Castro IG, Shortill SP, Dziurdzik SK, Cadou A, Ganesan S, Valenti R, David Y, Davey M, Mattes C, Thomas FB, Avraham RE, Meyer H, Fadel A, Fenech EJ, Ernst R, Zaremberg V, Levine TP, Stefan C, Conibear E, Schuldiner M. Systematic analysis of membrane contact sites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae uncovers modulators of cellular lipid distribution. eLife 2022; 11:74602. [DOI: 10.7554/elife.74602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Actively maintained close appositions between organelle membranes, also known as contact sites, enable the efficient transfer of biomolecules between cellular compartments. Several such sites have been described as well as their tethering machineries. Despite these advances we are still far from a comprehensive understanding of the function and regulation of most contact sites. To systematically characterize contact site proteomes, we established a high-throughput screening approach in Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on co-localization imaging. We imaged split fluorescence reporters for six different contact sites, several of which are poorly characterized, on the background of 1165 strains expressing a mCherry-tagged yeast protein that has a cellular punctate distribution (a hallmark of contact sites), under regulation of the strong TEF2 promoter. By scoring both co-localization events and effects on reporter size and abundance, we discovered over 100 new potential contact site residents and effectors in yeast. Focusing on several of the newly identified residents, we identified three homologs of Vps13 and Atg2 that are residents of multiple contact sites. These proteins share their lipid transport domain, thus expanding this family of lipid transporters. Analysis of another candidate, Ypr097w, which we now call Lec1 (Lipid-droplet Ergosterol Cortex 1), revealed that this previously uncharacterized protein dynamically shifts between lipid droplets and the cell cortex, and plays a role in regulation of ergosterol distribution in the cell. Overall, our analysis expands the universe of contact site residents and effectors and creates a rich database to mine for new functions, tethers, and regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shawn P Shortill
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia
| | - Samantha Katarzyna Dziurdzik
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia
| | - Angela Cadou
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London
| | | | - Rosario Valenti
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science
| | - Yotam David
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science
| | - Michael Davey
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia
| | - Carsten Mattes
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PZMS, Medical Faculty, Saarland University
| | - Ffion B Thomas
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London
| | | | - Hadar Meyer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science
| | - Amir Fadel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science
| | - Emma J Fenech
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science
| | - Robert Ernst
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PZMS, Medical Faculty, Saarland University
| | | | - Tim P Levine
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London
| | | | - Elizabeth Conibear
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science
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26
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McEwan DG, Ryan KM. ATG2 and VPS13 proteins: molecular highways transporting lipids to drive membrane expansion and organelle communication. FEBS J 2022; 289:7113-7127. [PMID: 34783437 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Communication between organelles is an essential process that helps maintain cellular homeostasis and organelle contact sites have recently emerged as crucial mediators of this communication. The emergence of a class of molecular bridges that span the inter-organelle gaps has now been shown to direct the flow of lipid traffic from one lipid bilayer to another. One of the key components of these molecular bridges is the presence of an N-terminal Chorein/VPS13 domain. This is an evolutionarily conserved domain present in multiple proteins within the endocytic and autophagy trafficking pathways. Herein, we discuss the current state-of-the-art of this class of proteins, focusing on the role of these lipid transporters in the autophagy and endocytic pathways. We discuss the recent biochemical and structural advances that have highlighted the essential role Chorein-N domain containing ATG2 proteins play in driving the formation of the autophagosome and how lipids are transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the growing phagophore. We also consider the VPS13 proteins, their role in organelle contacts and the endocytic pathway and highlight how disease-causing mutations disrupt these contact sites. Finally, we open the door to discuss other Chorein_N domain containing proteins, for instance, UHRF1BP1/1L, their role in disease and look towards prokaryote examples of Chorein_N-like domains. Taken together, recent advances have highlighted an exciting opportunity to delve deeper into inter-organelle communication and understand how lipids are transported between membrane bilayers and how this process is disrupted in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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27
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Neuman SD, Levine TP, Bashirullah A. A novel superfamily of bridge-like lipid transfer proteins. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:962-974. [PMID: 35491307 PMCID: PMC9588498 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipid transfer proteins mediate nonvesicular transport of lipids at membrane contact sites to regulate the lipid composition of organelle membranes. Recently, a new type of bridge-like lipid transfer protein has emerged; these proteins contain a long hydrophobic groove and can mediate bulk transport of lipids between organelles. Here, we review recent insights into the structure of these proteins and identify a repeating modular unit that we propose to name the repeating β-groove (RBG) domain. This new structural understanding conceptually unifies all the RBG domain-containing lipid transfer proteins as members of an RBG protein superfamily. We also examine the biological functions of these lipid transporters in normal physiology and disease and speculate on the evolutionary origins of RBG proteins in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Neuman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705-2222, USA
| | - Tim P Levine
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
| | - Arash Bashirullah
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705-2222, USA.
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28
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Chhetri G, Ke Y, Wang P, Usman M, Li Y, Sapp E, Wang J, Ghosh A, Islam MA, Wang X, Boudi A, DiFiglia M, Li X. Impaired XK recycling for importing manganese underlies striatal vulnerability in Huntington's disease. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213461. [PMID: 36099524 PMCID: PMC9475296 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202112073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutant huntingtin, which causes Huntington's disease (HD), is ubiquitously expressed but induces preferential loss of striatal neurons by unclear mechanisms. Rab11 dysfunction mediates homeostatic disturbance of HD neurons. Here, we report that Rab11 dysfunction also underscores the striatal vulnerability in HD. We profiled the proteome of Rab11-positive endosomes of HD-vulnerable striatal cells to look for protein(s) linking Rab11 dysfunction to striatal vulnerability in HD and found XK, which triggers the selective death of striatal neurons in McLeod syndrome. XK was trafficked together with Rab11 and was diminished on the surface of immortalized HD striatal cells and striatal neurons in HD mouse brains. We found that XK participated in transporting manganese, an essential trace metal depleted in HD brains. Introducing dominantly active Rab11 into HD striatal cells improved XK dynamics and increased manganese accumulation in an XK-dependent manner. Our study suggests that impaired Rab11-based recycling of XK onto cell surfaces for importing manganese is a driver of striatal dysfunction in Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Chhetri
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Ke
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA.,Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ellen Sapp
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Jing Wang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Arabinda Ghosh
- Department of Botany, Microbiology Division, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Md Ariful Islam
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Adel Boudi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Marian DiFiglia
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Xueyi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
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29
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Park JS, Hu Y, Hollingsworth NM, Miltenberger-Miltenyi G, Neiman AM. Interaction between VPS13A and the XK scramblase is important for VPS13A function in humans. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs260227. [PMID: 35950506 PMCID: PMC9482346 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
VPS13 family proteins form conduits between the membranes of different organelles through which lipids are transferred. In humans, there are four VPS13 paralogs, and mutations in the genes encoding each of them are associated with different inherited disorders. VPS13 proteins contain multiple conserved domains. The Vps13 adaptor-binding (VAB) domain binds to adaptor proteins that recruit VPS13 to specific membrane contact sites. This work demonstrates the importance of a different domain in VPS13A function. The pleckstrin homology (PH) domain at the C-terminal region of VPS13A is required to form a complex with the XK scramblase and for the co-localization of VPS13A with XK within the cell. Alphafold modeling was used to predict an interaction surface between VPS13A and XK. Mutations in this region disrupt both complex formation and co-localization of the two proteins. Mutant VPS13A alleles found in patients with VPS13A disease truncate the PH domain. The phenotypic similarities between VPS13A disease and McLeod syndrome caused by mutations in VPS13A and XK, respectively, argue that loss of the VPS13A-XK complex is the basis of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sook Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Yiying Hu
- Fish Core Unit, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases München (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Medical Research School (MMRS), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Nancy M. Hollingsworth
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | | | - Aaron M. Neiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
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30
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A partnership between the lipid scramblase XK and the lipid transfer protein VPS13A at the plasma membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205425119. [PMID: 35994651 PMCID: PMC9436381 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205425119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) and McLeod syndrome are diseases with shared clinical manifestations caused by mutations in VPS13A and XK, respectively. Key features of these conditions are the degeneration of caudate neurons and the presence of abnormally shaped erythrocytes. XK belongs to a family of plasma membrane (PM) lipid scramblases whose action results in exposure of PtdSer at the cell surface. VPS13A is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-anchored lipid transfer protein with a putative role in the transport of lipids at contacts of the ER with other membranes. Recently VPS13A and XK were reported to interact by still unknown mechanisms. So far, however, there is no evidence for a colocalization of the two proteins at contacts of the ER with the PM, where XK resides, as VPS13A was shown to be localized at contacts between the ER and either mitochondria or lipid droplets. Here we show that VPS13A can also localize at ER-PM contacts via the binding of its PH domain to a cytosolic loop of XK, that such interaction is regulated by an intramolecular interaction within XK, and that both VPS13A and XK are highly expressed in the caudate neurons. Binding of the PH domain of VPS13A to XK is competitive with its binding to intracellular membranes that mediate other tethering functions of VPS13A. Our findings support a model according to which VPS13A-dependent lipid transfer between the ER and the PM is coupled to lipid scrambling within the PM. They raise the possibility that defective cell surface exposure of PtdSer may be responsible for neurodegeneration.
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31
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Hancock-Cerutti W, Wu Z, Xu P, Yadavalli N, Leonzino M, Tharkeshwar AK, Ferguson SM, Shadel GS, De Camilli P. ER-lysosome lipid transfer protein VPS13C/PARK23 prevents aberrant mtDNA-dependent STING signaling. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202106046. [PMID: 35657605 PMCID: PMC9170524 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202106046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in VPS13C cause early-onset, autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). We have established that VPS13C encodes a lipid transfer protein localized to contact sites between the ER and late endosomes/lysosomes. In the current study, we demonstrate that depleting VPS13C in HeLa cells causes an accumulation of lysosomes with an altered lipid profile, including an accumulation of di-22:6-BMP, a biomarker of the PD-associated leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2019S mutation. In addition, the DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway, which was recently implicated in PD pathogenesis, is activated in these cells. This activation results from a combination of elevated mitochondrial DNA in the cytosol and a defect in the degradation of activated STING, a lysosome-dependent process. These results suggest a link between ER-lysosome lipid transfer and innate immune activation in a model human cell line and place VPS13C in pathways relevant to PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hancock-Cerutti
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- MD/PhD Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Narayana Yadavalli
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Marianna Leonzino
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | | | - Shawn M. Ferguson
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | | | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
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32
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Zouiouich M, Di Mattia T, Martinet A, Eichler J, Wendling C, Tomishige N, Grandgirard E, Fuggetta N, Fromental-Ramain C, Mizzon G, Dumesnil C, Carpentier M, Reina-San-Martin B, Mathelin C, Schwab Y, Thiam AR, Kobayashi T, Drin G, Tomasetto C, Alpy F. MOSPD2 is an endoplasmic reticulum-lipid droplet tether functioning in LD homeostasis. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213116. [PMID: 35389430 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202110044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane contact sites between organelles are organized by protein bridges. Among the components of these contacts, the VAP family comprises ER-anchored proteins, such as MOSPD2, that function as major ER-organelle tethers. MOSPD2 distinguishes itself from the other members of the VAP family by the presence of a CRAL-TRIO domain. In this study, we show that MOSPD2 forms ER-lipid droplet (LD) contacts, thanks to its CRAL-TRIO domain. MOSPD2 ensures the attachment of the ER to LDs through a direct protein-membrane interaction. The attachment mechanism involves an amphipathic helix that has an affinity for lipid packing defects present at the surface of LDs. Remarkably, the absence of MOSPD2 markedly disturbs the assembly of lipid droplets. These data show that MOSPD2, in addition to being a general ER receptor for inter-organelle contacts, possesses an additional tethering activity and is specifically implicated in the biology of LDs via its CRAL-TRIO domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Zouiouich
- IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Inserm, UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France
| | - Thomas Di Mattia
- IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Inserm, UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France
| | - Arthur Martinet
- IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Inserm, UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France
| | - Julie Eichler
- IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Inserm, UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France
| | - Corinne Wendling
- IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Inserm, UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France
| | - Nario Tomishige
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Erwan Grandgirard
- IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Inserm, UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France
| | - Nicolas Fuggetta
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Catherine Fromental-Ramain
- IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Inserm, UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France
| | - Giulia Mizzon
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Calvin Dumesnil
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, Université Paris Sciences and Lettres, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Carpentier
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, Université Paris Sciences and Lettres, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bernardo Reina-San-Martin
- IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Inserm, UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France
| | - Carole Mathelin
- IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Inserm, UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France.,Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yannick Schwab
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Abdou Rachid Thiam
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, Université Paris Sciences and Lettres, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Guillaume Drin
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Catherine Tomasetto
- IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Inserm, UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France
| | - Fabien Alpy
- IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Inserm, UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France
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33
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Giamogante F, Barazzuol L, Poggio E, Tromboni M, Brini M, Calì T. Stable Integration of Inducible SPLICS Reporters Enables Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Multiple Organelle Contact Sites upon Modulation of Cholesterol Traffic. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101643. [PMID: 35626680 PMCID: PMC9139547 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of organelle contact sites has received a great impulse due to increased interest in the understanding of their involvement in many disease conditions. Split-GFP-based contact sites (SPLICS) reporters emerged as essential tools to easily detect changes in a wide range of organelle contact sites in cultured cells and in vivo, e.g., in zebrafish larvae. We report here on the generation of a new vector library of SPLICS cloned into a piggyBac system for stable and inducible expression of the reporters in a cell line of interest to overcome any potential weakness due to variable protein expression in transient transfection studies. Stable HeLa cell lines expressing SPLICS between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria (MT), the ER and plasma membrane (PM), peroxisomes (PO) and ER, and PO and MT, were generated and tested for their ability to express the reporters upon treatment with doxycycline. Moreover, to take advantage of these cellular models, we decided to follow the behavior of different membrane contact sites upon modulating cholesterol traffic. Interestingly, we found that the acute pharmacological inhibition of the intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1) differently affects membrane contact sites, highlighting the importance of different interfaces for cholesterol sensing and distribution within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Giamogante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.G.); (L.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Lucia Barazzuol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.G.); (L.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Elena Poggio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Marta Tromboni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.G.); (L.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.G.); (L.B.); (M.T.)
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (T.C.)
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34
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Kaminska J, Soczewka P, Rzepnikowska W, Zoladek T. Yeast as a Model to Find New Drugs and Drug Targets for VPS13-Dependent Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095106. [PMID: 35563497 PMCID: PMC9104724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in human VPS13A-D genes result in rare neurological diseases, including chorea-acanthocytosis. The pathogenesis of these diseases is poorly understood, and no effective treatment is available. As VPS13 genes are evolutionarily conserved, the effects of the pathogenic mutations could be studied in model organisms, including yeast, where one VPS13 gene is present. In this review, we summarize advancements obtained using yeast. In recent studies, vps13Δ and vps13-I2749 yeast mutants, which are models of chorea-acanthocytosis, were used to screen for multicopy and chemical suppressors. Two of the suppressors, a fragment of the MYO3 and RCN2 genes, act by downregulating calcineurin activity. In addition, vps13Δ suppression was achieved by using calcineurin inhibitors. The other group of multicopy suppressors were genes: FET4, encoding iron transporter, and CTR1, CTR3 and CCC2, encoding copper transporters. Mechanisms of their suppression rely on causing an increase in the intracellular iron content. Moreover, among the identified chemical suppressors were copper ionophores, which require a functional iron uptake system for activity, and flavonoids, which bind iron. These findings point at areas for further investigation in a higher eukaryotic model of VPS13-related diseases and to new therapeutic targets: calcium signalling and copper and iron homeostasis. Furthermore, the identified drugs are interesting candidates for drug repurposing for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kaminska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Piotr Soczewka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Weronika Rzepnikowska
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Teresa Zoladek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence:
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35
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Islimye E, Girard V, Gould AP. Functions of Stress-Induced Lipid Droplets in the Nervous System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:863907. [PMID: 35493070 PMCID: PMC9047859 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.863907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets are highly dynamic intracellular organelles that store neutral lipids such as cholesteryl esters and triacylglycerols. They have recently emerged as key stress response components in many different cell types. Lipid droplets in the nervous system are mostly observed in vivo in glia, ependymal cells and microglia. They tend to become more numerous in these cell types and can also form in neurons as a consequence of ageing or stresses involving redox imbalance and lipotoxicity. Abundant lipid droplets are also a characteristic feature of several neurodegenerative diseases. In this minireview, we take a cell-type perspective on recent advances in our understanding of lipid droplet metabolism in glia, neurons and neural stem cells during health and disease. We highlight that a given lipid droplet subfunction, such as triacylglycerol lipolysis, can be physiologically beneficial or harmful to the functions of the nervous system depending upon cellular context. The mechanistic understanding of context-dependent lipid droplet functions in the nervous system is progressing apace, aided by new technologies for probing the lipid droplet proteome and lipidome with single-cell type precision.
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36
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Reichel F, Kräter M, Peikert K, Glaß H, Rosendahl P, Herbig M, Rivera Prieto A, Kihm A, Bosman G, Kaestner L, Hermann A, Guck J. Changes in Blood Cell Deformability in Chorea-Acanthocytosis and Effects of Treatment With Dasatinib or Lithium. Front Physiol 2022; 13:852946. [PMID: 35444561 PMCID: PMC9013823 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.852946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Misshaped red blood cells (RBCs), characterized by thorn-like protrusions known as acanthocytes, are a key diagnostic feature in Chorea-Acanthocytosis (ChAc), a rare neurodegenerative disorder. The altered RBC morphology likely influences their biomechanical properties which are crucial for the cells to pass the microvasculature. Here, we investigated blood cell deformability of five ChAc patients compared to healthy controls during up to 1-year individual off-label treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib or several weeks with lithium. Measurements with two microfluidic techniques allowed us to assess RBC deformability under different shear stresses. Furthermore, we characterized leukocyte stiffness at high shear stresses. The results showed that blood cell deformability–including both RBCs and leukocytes - in general was altered in ChAc patients compared to healthy donors. Therefore, this study shows for the first time an impairment of leukocyte properties in ChAc. During treatment with dasatinib or lithium, we observed alterations in RBC deformability and a stiffness increase for leukocytes. The hematological phenotype of ChAc patients hinted at a reorganization of the cytoskeleton in blood cells which partly explains the altered mechanical properties observed here. These findings highlight the need for a systematic assessment of the contribution of impaired blood cell mechanics to the clinical manifestation of ChAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Reichel
- Max-Planck-Institut für die Physik des Lichts and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Kräter
- Max-Planck-Institut für die Physik des Lichts and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kevin Peikert
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Division for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hannes Glaß
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Philipp Rosendahl
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maik Herbig
- Max-Planck-Institut für die Physik des Lichts and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alejandro Rivera Prieto
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Kihm
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Giel Bosman
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lars Kaestner
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Division for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max-Planck-Institut für die Physik des Lichts and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jochen Guck,
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Ecovoiu AA, Ratiu AC, Micheu MM, Chifiriuc MC. Inter-Species Rescue of Mutant Phenotype-The Standard for Genetic Analysis of Human Genetic Disorders in Drosophila melanogaster Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2613. [PMID: 35269756 PMCID: PMC8909942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster (the fruit fly) is arguably a superstar of genetics, an astonishing versatile experimental model which fueled no less than six Nobel prizes in medicine. Nowadays, an evolving research endeavor is to simulate and investigate human genetic diseases in the powerful D. melanogaster platform. Such a translational experimental strategy is expected to allow scientists not only to understand the molecular mechanisms of the respective disorders but also to alleviate or even cure them. In this regard, functional gene orthology should be initially confirmed in vivo by transferring human or vertebrate orthologous transgenes in specific mutant backgrounds of D. melanogaster. If such a transgene rescues, at least partially, the mutant phenotype, then it qualifies as a strong candidate for modeling the respective genetic disorder in the fruit fly. Herein, we review various examples of inter-species rescue of relevant mutant phenotypes of the fruit fly and discuss how these results recommend several human genes as candidates to study and validate genetic variants associated with human diseases. We also consider that a wider implementation of this evolutionist exploratory approach as a standard for the medicine of genetic disorders would allow this particular field of human health to advance at a faster pace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Al. Ecovoiu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Attila Cristian Ratiu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Miruna Mihaela Micheu
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest and Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
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Requirement of Xk and Vps13a for the P2X7-mediated phospholipid scrambling and cell lysis in mouse T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2119286119. [PMID: 35140185 PMCID: PMC8851519 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119286119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A high extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration rapidly and reversibly exposes phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) in T cells by binding to the P2X7 receptor, which ultimately leads to necrosis. Using mouse T cell transformants expressing P2X7, we herein performed CRISPR/Cas9 screening for the molecules responsible for P2X7-mediated PtdSer exposure. In addition to Eros, which is required for the localization of P2X7 to the plasma membrane, this screening identified Xk and Vps13a as essential components for this process. Xk is present at the plasma membrane, and its paralogue, Xkr8, functions as a phospholipid scramblase. Vps13a is a lipid transporter in the cytoplasm. Blue-native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that Xk and Vps13a interacted at the membrane. A null mutation in Xk or Vps13a blocked P2X7-mediated PtdSer exposure, the internalization of phosphatidylcholine, and cytolysis. Xk and Vps13a formed a complex in mouse splenic T cells, and Xk was crucial for ATP-induced PtdSer exposure and cytolysis in CD25+CD4+ T cells. XK and VPS13A are responsible for McLeod syndrome and chorea-acanthocytosis, both characterized by a progressive movement disorder and cognitive and behavior changes. Our results suggest that the phospholipid scrambling activity mediated by XK and VPS13A is essential for maintaining homeostasis in the immune and nerve systems.
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Peikert K, Hermann A, Danek A. XK-Associated McLeod Syndrome: Nonhematological Manifestations and Relation to VPS13A Disease. Transfus Med Hemother 2022; 49:4-12. [PMID: 35221863 PMCID: PMC8832239 DOI: 10.1159/000521417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND McLeod syndrome (MLS) is an X-linked multisystemic progressive disorder caused by loss of function mutations in the XK gene. The rare blood group phenotype of MLS patients with absent Kx antigen requires the support of specialized transfusion institutions because of the risk of transfusion complications. Acanthocytosis of red blood cells occurs in almost all patients. Nonhematological manifestations of MLS are very similar to those of VPS13A disease (chorea-acanthocytosis), an autosomal-recessive condition. Their shared phenotype apart from acanthocytosis includes movement disorders such as chorea and dystonia, epilepsy, peripheral neuropathy, and muscle involvement, typically with creatine kinase (CK) elevation, cardiomyopathy included. SUMMARY In this review, we describe the nonhematological manifestations of MLS in comparison with those of VPS13A disease. While there are many similarities, differences such as mode of inheritance, sex distribution, age at manifestation, severity of heart involvement, frequency of feeding dystonia or of involuntary head drops may help to distinguish these disorders in the clinic. Immunohematological demonstration of the McLeod-Kell phenotype or detection of pathogenic mutations of XK (or VPS13A, respectively) is the gold standard for distinction. "Neuroacanthocytosis" was often used as an overarching term, but is potentially misleading, as the term does not refer to a defined disease entity. Its use, if continued, must not prevent clinicians to seek a final diagnosis on the basis of molecular findings. The clinical similarity of MLS and VPS13A disease has long suggested some shared pathophysiology. Evidence for molecular interaction between XK, the McLeod protein, and chorein, the VPS13A gene product, has recently been put forward: XK forms a complex with chorein/VPS13A, a bulk lipid transporter located at various membrane contact sites. The exact role of XK in this complex needs to be further elucidated. Impairment of bulk lipid transport appears as the common denominator of both MLS and VPS13A disease. A variety of further conditions may in time be added to the "bulk lipid transport diseases," such as the recently recognized disorders caused by mutations in the VPS13B, VPS13C, and VPS13D genes. KEY MESSAGES (1) Patients diagnosed with the rare red cell McLeod phenotype (McLeod syndrome, MLS) require interdisciplinary collaboration of transfusion medicine specialists, neurologists, and cardiologists for both their hematological and nonhematological disease manifestations. (2) The phenotypical similarity of MLS and VPS13A disease, often leading to either confusion or insufficient diagnostic depth (under the label of "neuroacanthocytosis"), is based on interaction of the respective proteins, XK and chorein, within the cellular machinery for bulk lipid transport. (3) Overall, the term "bulk lipid transport diseases" seems useful for further research on a group of conditions that may not only share pathophysiology, but may also share treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Peikert
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Research Site Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adrian Danek
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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Poggio E, Brini M, Calì T. Get Closer to the World of Contact Sites: A Beginner's Guide to Proximity-Driven Fluorescent Probes. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2022; 5:25152564221135748. [PMID: 37366505 PMCID: PMC10243574 DOI: 10.1177/25152564221135748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
To maintain cellular homeostasis and to coordinate the proper response to a specific stimulus, information must be integrated throughout the cell in a well-organized network, in which organelles are the crucial nodes and membrane contact sites are the main edges. Membrane contact sites are the cellular subdomains where two or more organelles come into close apposition and interact with each other. Even though many inter-organelle contacts have been identified, most of them are still not fully characterized, therefore their study is an appealing and expanding field of research. Thanks to significant technological progress, many tools are now available or are in rapid development, making it difficult to choose which one is the most suitable for answering a specific biological question. Here we distinguish two different experimental approaches for studying inter-organelle contact sites. The first one aims to morphologically characterize the sites of membrane contact and to identify the molecular players involved, relying mainly on the application of biochemical and electron microscopy (EM)-related methods. The second approach aims to understand the functional importance of a specific contact, focusing on spatio-temporal details. For this purpose, proximity-driven fluorescent probes are the experimental tools of choice, since they allow the monitoring and quantification of membrane contact sites and their dynamics in living cells under different cellular conditions or upon different stimuli. In this review, we focus on these tools with the purpose of highlighting their great versatility and how they can be applied in the study of membrane contacts. We will extensively describe all the different types of proximity-driven fluorescent tools, discussing their benefits and drawbacks, ultimately providing some suggestions to choose and apply the appropriate methods on a case-to-case basis and to obtain the best experimental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Poggio
- Department of Biology (DiBio), University of
Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology (DiBio), University of
Padova, Padova, Italy
- Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE),
University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tito Calì
- Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE),
University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB),
University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University
of Padova, Padova, Italy
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41
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Chen S, Roberts MA, Chen CY, Markmiller S, Wei HG, Yeo GW, Granneman JG, Olzmann JA, Ferro-Novick S. VPS13A and VPS13C Influence Lipid Droplet Abundance. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2022; 5:25152564221125613. [PMID: 36147729 PMCID: PMC9491623 DOI: 10.1177/25152564221125613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipid transfer proteins mediate the exchange of lipids between closely apposed membranes at organelle contact sites and play key roles in lipid metabolism, membrane homeostasis, and cellular signaling. A recently discovered novel family of lipid transfer proteins, which includes the VPS13 proteins (VPS13A-D), adopt a rod-like bridge conformation with an extended hydrophobic groove that enables the bulk transfer of membrane lipids for membrane growth. Loss of function mutations in VPS13A and VPS13C cause chorea acanthocytosis and Parkinson's disease, respectively. VPS13A and VPS13C localize to multiple organelle contact sites, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - lipid droplet (LD) contact sites, but the functional roles of these proteins in LD regulation remains mostly unexplored. Here we employ CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to generate VPS13A and VPS13C knockout cell lines in U-2 OS cells via deletion of exon 2 and introduction of an early frameshift. Analysis of LD content in these cell lines revealed that loss of either VPS13A or VPS13C results in reduced LD abundance under oleate-stimulated conditions. These data implicate two lipid transfer proteins, VPS13A and VPS13C, in LD regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuliang Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Melissa A. Roberts
- Department of Molecular and Cell
Biology, University of California,
Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and
Toxicology, University of California,
Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chun-Yuan Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Markmiller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hong-Guang Wei
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and
Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of
Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gene W. Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James G. Granneman
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and
Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of
Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - James A. Olzmann
- Department of Molecular and Cell
Biology, University of California,
Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and
Toxicology, University of California,
Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco,
CA, USA
| | - Susan Ferro-Novick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Friedman JR. Mitochondria from the Outside in: The Relationship Between Inter-Organelle Crosstalk and Mitochondrial Internal Organization. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2022; 5:10.1177/25152564221133267. [PMID: 36329759 PMCID: PMC9629538 DOI: 10.1177/25152564221133267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental role of membrane-bound organelles is the compartmentalization and organization of cellular processes. Mitochondria perform an immense number of metabolic chemical reactions and to efficiently regulate these, the organelle organizes its inner membrane into distinct morphological domains, including its characteristic cristae membranes. In recent years, a structural feature of increasing apparent importance is the inter-connection between the mitochondrial exterior and other organelles at membrane contact sites (MCSs). Mitochondria form MCSs with almost every other organelle in the cell, including the endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets, and lysosomes, to coordinate global cellular metabolism with mitochondrial metabolism. However, these MCSs not only facilitate the transport of metabolites between organelles, but also directly impinge on the physical shape and functional organization inside mitochondria. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of how physical connections between other organelles and mitochondria both directly and indirectly influence the internal architecture of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Friedman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Kors S, Costello JL, Schrader M. VAP Proteins - From Organelle Tethers to Pathogenic Host Interactors and Their Role in Neuronal Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:895856. [PMID: 35756994 PMCID: PMC9213790 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.895856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-associated proteins (VAPs) are ubiquitous ER-resident tail-anchored membrane proteins in eukaryotic cells. Their N-terminal major sperm protein (MSP) domain faces the cytosol and allows them to interact with a wide variety of cellular proteins. Therefore, VAP proteins are vital to many cellular processes, including organelle membrane tethering, lipid transfer, autophagy, ion homeostasis and viral defence. Here, we provide a timely overview of the increasing number of VAPA/B binding partners and discuss the role of VAPA/B in maintaining organelle-ER interactions and cooperation. Furthermore, we address how viruses and intracellular bacteria hijack VAPs and their binding partners to induce interactions between the host ER and pathogen-containing compartments and support pathogen replication. Finally, we focus on the role of VAP in human disease and discuss how mutated VAPB leads to the disruption of cellular homeostasis and causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Kors
- *Correspondence: Suzan Kors, ; Michael Schrader,
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Lei Y, Wen X, Klionsky DJ. Vps13 is required for efficient autophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2022; 5:25152564221136388. [PMID: 37151407 PMCID: PMC10162780 DOI: 10.1177/25152564221136388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Vps13 is a large, conserved protein that transports lipids between membranes. Its localization at multiple organelle membranes and membrane contact sites suggests its important physiological roles. In addition, the high correlation of mutant VPS13 with certain diseases, especially those involving neurodegeneration, makes this protein of considerable biomedical interest. Taking advantage of the fact that yeasts only have one Vps13 protein, the roles of yeast Vps13 have been well studied. However, whether and how Vps13 functions in macroautophagy/autophagy, a process of degradation of cytoplasmic cargoes, have been elusive questions. In this paper, we investigated the role of Vps13 in both non-selective and selective autophagy and found that this protein participates in non-selective autophagy, reticulophagy and pexophagy, but not mitophagy, and that Vps13 plays a role in the late stage of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Lei
- Life Sciences Institute, and the Department
of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xin Wen
- Life Sciences Institute, and the Department
of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, and the Department
of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Klaassen K, Djordjevic M, Skakic A, Kecman B, Drmanac R, Pavlovic S, Stojiljkovic M. Untreated PKU patients without intellectual disability: SHANK gene family as a candidate modifier. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 29:100822. [PMID: 34900593 PMCID: PMC8639809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by variants in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene and it is characterized by excessively high levels of phenylalanine in body fluids. PKU is a paradigm for a genetic disease that can be treated and majority of developed countries have a population-based newborn screening. Thus, the combination of early diagnosis and immediate initiation of treatment has resulted in normal intelligence for treated PKU patients. Although PKU is a monogenic disease, decades of research and clinical practice have shown that the correlation between the genotype and corresponding phenotype is not simple at all. Attempts have been made to discover modifier genes for PKU cognitive phenotype but without any success so far. We conducted whole genome sequencing of 4 subjects from unrelated non-consanguineous families who presented with pathogenic mutations in the PAH gene, high blood phenylalanine concentrations and near-normal cognitive development despite no treatment. We used cross sample analysis to select genes common for more than one patient. Thus, the SHANK gene family emerged as the only relevant gene family with variants detected in 3 of 4 analyzed patients. We detected two novel variants, p.Pro1591Ala in SHANK1 and p.Asp18Asn in SHANK2, as well as SHANK2:p.Gly46Ser, SHANK2:p.Pro1388_Phe1389insLeuPro and SHANK3:p.Pro1716Thr variants that were previously described. Computational analysis indicated that the identified variants do not abolish the function of SHANK proteins. However, changes in posttranslational modifications of SHANK proteins could influence functioning of the glutamatergic synapses, cytoskeleton regulation and contribute to maintaining optimal synaptic density and number of dendritic spines. Our findings are linking SHANK gene family and brain plasticity in PKU for the first time. We hypothesize that variant SHANK proteins maintain optimal synaptic density and number of dendritic spines under high concentrations of phenylalanine and could have protective modifying effect on cognitive development of PKU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Klaassen
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Djordjevic
- Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Skakic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - B Kecman
- Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - R Drmanac
- Complete Genomics Incorporated, San Jose, California 95134, USA.,MGI, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - S Pavlovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Stojiljkovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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46
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Wen Y, Li S, Lu X, Xu R, Li C. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contacts: A Potential Therapy Target for Cardiovascular Remodeling-Associated Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:774989. [PMID: 34858991 PMCID: PMC8631538 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.774989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular remodeling occurs in cardiomyocytes, collagen meshes, and vascular beds in the progress of cardiac insufficiency caused by a variety of cardiac diseases such as chronic ischemic heart disease, chronic overload heart disease, myocarditis, and myocardial infarction. The morphological changes that occur as a result of remodeling are the critical pathological basis for the occurrence and development of serious diseases and also determine morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the inhibition of remodeling is an important approach to prevent and treat heart failure and other related diseases. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are tightly linked by ER-mitochondria contacts (ERMCs). ERMCs play a vital role in different signaling pathways and provide a satisfactory structural platform for the ER and mitochondria to interact and maintain the normal function of cells, mainly by involving various cellular life processes such as lipid metabolism, calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial function, ER stress, and autophagy. Studies have shown that abnormal ERMCs may promote the occurrence and development of remodeling and participate in the formation of a variety of cardiovascular remodeling-associated diseases. This review focuses on the structure and function of the ERMCs, and the potential mechanism of ERMCs involved in cardiovascular remodeling, indicating that ERMCs may be a potential target for new therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular remodeling-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ya Wen
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Sixuan Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Jinan Tianqiao People's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Unraveling the Spatiotemporal Distribution of VPS13A in the Mouse Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313018. [PMID: 34884823 PMCID: PMC8657609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the human vacuolar protein sorting the 13 homolog A (VPS13A) gene cause Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc), with selective degeneration of the striatum as the main neuropathologic feature. Very little is known about the VPS13A expression in the brain. The main objective of this work was to assess, for the first time, the spatiotemporal distribution of VPS13A in the mouse brain. We found VPS13A expression present in neurons already in the embryonic stage, with stable levels until adulthood. VPS13A mRNA and protein distributions were similar in the adult mouse brain. We found a widespread VPS13A distribution, with the strongest expression profiles in the pons, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Interestingly, expression was weak in the basal ganglia. VPS13A staining was positive in glutamatergic, GABAergic, and cholinergic neurons, but rarely in glial cells. At the cellular level, VPS13A was mainly located in the soma and neurites, co-localizing with both the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. However, it was not enriched in dendritic spines or the synaptosomal fraction of cortical neurons. In vivo pharmacological modulation of the glutamatergic, dopaminergic or cholinergic systems did not modulate VPS13A concentration in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, or striatum. These results indicate that VPS13A has remarkable stability in neuronal cells. Understanding the distinct expression pattern of VPS13A can provide relevant information to unravel pathophysiological hallmarks of ChAc.
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Calì T, Brini M. Quantification of organelle contact sites by split-GFP-based contact site sensors (SPLICS) in living cells. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:5287-5308. [PMID: 34686857 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane contact sites between organelles are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, which requires the continuous exchange of signaling molecules, ions, nutrients and lipids. Alterations of different contact sites are associated with a wide spectrum of human diseases. However, visualizing and quantifying these contact sites remains a challenge. This protocol describes the use of split-GFP-based contact site sensors (SPLICS) in microscopy applications for mapping organelle contact sites both in fixed and living cells. SPLICS sensors are engineered to express equimolar amounts of the organelle-targeted nonfluorescent β11 and GFP1-10 portions of the split-GFP protein in a single vector, and are capable of reconstituting fluorescence when two opposing membranes come into proximity. Reconstitution will occur only over the cell volume at defined contact sites resulting in a bright signal that can be detected easily and quantified automatically with specific custom-made plugins. The use of minimal targeting sequences facilitates targeting specificity and membrane coverage, avoiding artifacts due to full-length fusion protein overexpression and, thus, possible perturbations of the cell's physiology. SPLICS sensors engineered to simultaneously detect multiple contact sites within the same cell have been generated by exploiting the ability of the β11 GFP fragment to reconstitute different color-shifted variants of the GFP1-10 fragment. Here, we describe a detailed protocol to set up SPLICS expression in living cells (2-3 d), detection and acquisition (1 d), and automated quantification with custom plugins (1-2 d). We also advise on construct design and characterization for novel organelle contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
- Padua Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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Zhang XQ, Li L. Biological Function and Clinical Value of VPS13A in Pan-Cancer Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:6825-6838. [PMID: 34690502 PMCID: PMC8530525 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s330256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13A (VPS13A) has been shown to be associated with rhabdomyosarcoma, gastric cancer and ovarian cancer, but the pan cancer analysis of VPS13A is still lacking, and the bioinformatics function of VPS13A has not been studied yet. Methods We used TCGA and GEO databases to investigate the distribution, expression and prognosis of VPS13A in 33 tumors for the first time. We used TIMER2, ULCAN databases to obtain the expression differences of VPS13A in tumor tissues and corresponding normal tissues, and further obtain the gene expression in different pathological stages of tumors from the GEPIA database. Mutation types and survival analysis of VPS13A were obtained from cBioPortal database. The relationship between VPS13A and immune infiltration was explored using TIMER2. We used the String website to obtain VPS13A binding proteins and draw the protein–protein interaction network map. JVENN was used for cross analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) were used for gene enrichment analysis. Results VPS13A is highly expressed in most tumors, and gene expression is associated with prognosis in patients with tumors. The expression level of VPS13A was correlated with the infiltration depth of CD8+T cells in DLBC, LUAD, SKCM and TGCT, and was correlated with carcinoma-associated fibroblasts in BRCA, CESC, LIHC and THYM. Compared with normal tissue, VPS13A methylation levels were higher in some primary tumors. KEGG gene enrichment indicates that VPS13A is involved in RNA degradation, autophagy, cell senescence, cell cycle, apoptosis and other pathways. Conclusion VPS13A is closely related to the occurrence and progression of tumors and can be used as a biomarker for tumor screening and diagnosis. The level of VPS13A expression and the presence of mutations affect the prognosis of patients with certain cancers, which can be determined by early genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qin Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Pereira-Dutra FS, Bozza PT. Lipid droplets diversity and functions in inflammation and immune response. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:809-825. [PMID: 34668810 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1995356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic and evolutionary conserved lipid-enriched organelles composed of a core of neutral lipids surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids associated with a diverse array of proteins that are cell- and stimulus-regulated. Far beyond being simply a deposit of neutral lipids, accumulating evidence demonstrate that LDs act as spatial and temporal local for lipid and protein compartmentalization and signaling organization. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the progress in our understanding of LD protein diversity and LD functions in the context of cell signaling and immune responses, highlighting the relationship between LD composition with the multiple roles of this organelle in immunometabolism, inflammation and host-response to infection. EXPERT OPINION LDs are essential platforms for various cellular processes, including metabolic regulation, cell signaling, and immune responses. The functions of LD in infection and inflammatory disease are associated with the dynamic and complexity of their proteome. Our contemporary view place LDs as critical regulators of different inflammatory and infectious diseases and key markers of leukocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe S Pereira-Dutra
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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