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Shoham M, Yiu YY, Hansen PS, Subramaniam A, Broberg M, Gars E, Raveh T, FinnGen, Weissman IL, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Krishnan A, Ollila HM, Tal MC. SIRPα controls CD47-dependent platelet clearance in mice and humans. bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.09.570874. [PMID: 38106070 PMCID: PMC10723388 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.09.570874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, more data has revealed that increased surface expression of the "don't eat me" CD47 protein on cancer cells plays a role in immune evasion and tumor progression, with CD47 blockade emerging as a new therapy in immuno-oncology. CD47 is critical in regulating cell homeostasis and clearance, as binding of CD47 to the inhibitory receptor SIRPα can prevent phagocytosis and macrophage-mediated cell clearance. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the CD47-SIRPα signal in platelet homeostasis and clearance. Therapeutic reagents targeting the CD47-SIRPα axis are very promising for treatment of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, but lead to transient anemia or thrombocytopenia in a subset of patients. We found that platelet homeostatic clearance is regulated through the CD47-SIRPα axis and that therapeutic blockade to disrupt this interaction in mice and in humans has a significant impact on platelet levels. Furthermore, we identified genetic variations at the SIRPA locus that impact platelet levels in humans such that higher SIRPA gene expression is associated with higher platelet levels. SIRPA expression at either end of the normal range may affect clinical outcomes of treatment with anti-CD47 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Shoham
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ying Ying Yiu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paige S. Hansen
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aanya Subramaniam
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martin Broberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eric Gars
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tal Raveh
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Irving L. Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nasa Sinnott-Armstrong
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Metabolism Program and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anandi Krishnan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hanna M. Ollila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA, USA
- Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michal Caspi Tal
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Yoder AK, Farooqi AS, Wernz C, Subramaniam A, Ravi V, Goepfert R, Sturgis EM, Mitra D, Bishop AJ, Guadagnolo BA. Outcomes after definitive treatment for cutaneous angiosarcomas of the face and scalp: Reevaluating the role of surgery and radiation therapy. Head Neck 2023. [PMID: 37272774 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated outcomes and prognostic factors for patients treated for cutaneous angiosarcoma (CA). METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of patients treated for CA of the face and scalp from 1962 to 2019. All received definitive treatment with surgery, radiation (RT), or a combination (S-XRT). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate outcomes. Multivariable analyses were conducted using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS For the 143 patients evaluated median follow-up was 33 months. Five-year LC was 51% and worse in patients with tumors >5 cm, multifocal tumors, those treated pre-2000, and with single modality therapy (SMT). These remained associated with worse LC on multivariable analysis. The 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) for the cohort was 56%. Tumor size >5 cm, non-scalp primary site, treatment pre-2000, and SMT were associated with worse DSS. CONCLUSION Large or multifocal tumors are negative prognostic factors in patients with head and neck CA. S-XRT improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Yoder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - A S Farooqi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - C Wernz
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - A Subramaniam
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - V Ravi
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - R Goepfert
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - E M Sturgis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - D Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - A J Bishop
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - B A Guadagnolo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Yoder A, Farooqi A, Wernz C, Subramaniam A, Zheng J, Ravi V, Goepfert R, Sturgis E, Mitra D, Bishop A, Guadagnolo B. Outcomes after Definitive Treatment for Cutaneous Angiosarcomas of the Face and Scalp: Re-Evaluating the Role of Combined Modality Treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mitchell PD, Buckley C, Subramaniam A, Crowther S, Donnelly SC. Elevated serum ACE levels in patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. QJM 2022; 115:651-652. [PMID: 35588264 PMCID: PMC9384078 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P D Mitchell
- From the Department of Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Address correspondence to Dr P.D. Mitchell, Department of Medicine, Trinity Centre, Tallaght University Hospital, Belgard Square North, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland.
| | - C Buckley
- From the Department of Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Subramaniam
- From the Department of Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Crowther
- From the Department of Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S C Donnelly
- From the Department of Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Perez W, Luedecke A, Becker D, Cribbs M, Subramaniam A, Sinkey R. Increased nuchal translucency in fetus with neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy and MAP3K7 genetic variant. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 60:141-142. [PMID: 34687574 DOI: 10.1002/uog.24800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W Perez
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Center for Women's Reproductive Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - A Luedecke
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - D Becker
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Center for Women's Reproductive Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M Cribbs
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - A Subramaniam
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Center for Women's Reproductive Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - R Sinkey
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Center for Women's Reproductive Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Ottewill C, Mulpeter R, Lee J, Shrestha G, O’Sullivan D, Subramaniam A, Hogan B, Varghese C. Therapeutic anti-coagulation in COVID-19 and the potential enhanced risk of retroperitoneal hematoma. QJM 2021; 114:508-510. [PMID: 33742677 PMCID: PMC8083784 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Ottewill
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
- Address correspondence to Dr C. Ottewill, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland.
| | - R Mulpeter
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - J Lee
- Department of Radiology, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - G Shrestha
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - D O’Sullivan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - A Subramaniam
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - B Hogan
- Department of Radiology, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - C Varghese
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
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Bishop A, Zheng J, Subramaniam A, Ghia A, Wang C, Patel S, Guadagnolo B, Mitra D, Farooqi A, Kim B, Guha-Thakurta N, Li J, Ravi V. High Terminal Hemorrhage Risk From Cardiac Angiosarcoma Brain Metastases Warrants Frequent Brain Imaging and Early Intervention. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Van Gerwen O, Aaron K, Tamhane A, Shrestha K, Subramaniam A, Muzny C. Repeat trichomonas vaginalis infections among pregnant women in the southern United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Ha S, Nobles C, Kanner J, Sherman S, Cho S, Perkins N, Williams A, Grobman W, Biggio J, Subramaniam A, Ouidir M, Chen Z, Mendola P. Air pollution exposure monitoring among pregnant women with and without asthma. Ann Epidemiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Alameeri A, Ur Rasool M, Wynne O, Subramaniam A, Moloney E, Lane SJ. Time to improve training for hypoxic pulmonary challenge test. QJM 2019; 112:309. [PMID: 29878201 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcy121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Alameeri
- From the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - M Ur Rasool
- From the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - O Wynne
- From the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - A Subramaniam
- From the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - E Moloney
- From the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - S J Lane
- From the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
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Subramaniam A, Blanchard C, Erickson B, Szychowski J, Leath C, Biggio J, Huh W. Factors associated with completion and physician and patient attitudes towards salpingectomy at the time of cesarean delivery. Gynecol Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.04.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Birngruber T, Prietl B, Bodenlenz M, Florian P, Subramaniam A, Kainz S, Rauter G, Pieber T, Sinner F. 488 Continuous sampling of immune cells in the skin by dermal open flow microperfusion. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Omair M, Soh L, Yeoh AC, Moran C, Green C, Tiruvoipati R, Subramaniam A. Cost implications of potentially inappropriate rapid response call activations in the older patients. Intern Med J 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.7_13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Subramaniam A, Botha J, Tiruvoipati R. The limitations in implementing and operating a rapid response system. Intern Med J 2016; 46:1139-1145. [PMID: 26913367 DOI: 10.1111/imj.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread introduction of rapid response systems (RRS)/medical emergency teams (MET), there is still controversy regarding how effective they are. While there are some observational studies showing improved outcomes with RRS, there are no data from randomised controlled trials to support the effectiveness. Nevertheless, the MET system has become a standard of care in many healthcare organisations. In this review, we present an overview of the limitations in implementing and operating a RRS in modern healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Subramaniam
- Department of Intensive Care, Frankston Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Intensive Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - J Botha
- Department of Intensive Care, Frankston Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Tiruvoipati
- Department of Intensive Care, Frankston Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Khalil V, deClifford JM, Lam S, Subramaniam A. Implementation and evaluation of a collaborative clinical pharmacist's medications reconciliation and charting service for admitted medical inpatients in a metropolitan hospital. J Clin Pharm Ther 2016; 41:662-666. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Khalil
- Pharmacy Department; Peninsula Health; Monash University; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | | | - S. Lam
- Pharmacy Department; Peninsula Health; Frankston VIC Australia
| | - A. Subramaniam
- Department of Medicine; Peninsula Health; Monash University; Frankston VIC Australia
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Elhai M, Avouac J, Hoffmann-Vold AM, Sadoine J, Guilbert T, Akiba H, Heissmeyer V, Subramaniam A, Resnick R, Chiocchia G, Allanore Y. OP0290 Ox40l Blockade Protects against Skin and Lung Inflammation-Driven Fibrosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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18
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Becker D, Subramaniam A, Lees B, Tang Y, Khan M, Edwards R. 25: Maternal HPV infection as a risk factor for gestational hypertension. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lees B, Subramaniam A, Becker D, Tang Y, Khan M, Edwards R. 22: Evaluating whether human papilloma virus is associated with preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Erickson B, Subramaniam A, Kumar R, Huh W, Morrow C. Microbial diversity in the fimbriae, fallopian tube and peritoneum in women with benign disease and advanced pelvic malignancies. Gynecol Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.01.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Erickson B, Subramaniam A, Kumar R, Huh W, Morrow C. Different microbial communities of malignant and benign endometrium. Gynecol Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.01.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Taheri M, Bharathan R, Subramaniam A, Kelly T. A United Kingdom national survey of trends in ectopic pregnancy management. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2014; 34:508-11. [DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2014.910181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Subramaniam A, Al-Alawi M, Hamad S, O'Callaghan J, Lane SJ. A study into efficacy of omalizumab therapy in patients with severe persistent allergic asthma at a tertiary referral centre for asthma in Ireland. QJM 2013; 106:631-4. [PMID: 23550166 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hct072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic airway disease characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airflow obstruction. Patients with persistent symptoms despite maximum standard treatment as per Global Initiative of Asthma guidelines are considered to have severe persistent asthma. Omalizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody licenced for use as an add-on therapy in these patients. AIM To assess the clinical benefit amongst responders to omalizumab therapy at a tertiary referral centre. METHODS This was a retrospective audit assessing the effect of omalizumab therapy on asthma control, frequency of exacerbation and hospitalization rates over 6 months before and after therapy. RESULTS The study included 30 responders (14 females). There was a reduction in exacerbation and hospitalization rates following initiation of omalizumab, 73 and 91%, respectively (P-value < 0.0001). The number of exacerbations decreased from 3.48 ± 2.20 to 0.93 ± 0.83 and the mean number of admissions decreased from 1.07 ± 1.1 to 0.1 ± 0.40 over the study duration (P < 0.001). There was 73% reduction in the weekly need for rescue salbutamol therapy with mean of 30.33 ± 6.49 puffs to 8.23 ± 1.51 puffs after omalizumab therapy (P < 0.0001). Seventy-nine per cent of patients were able to reduce their maintenance oral corticosteroid therapy. CONCLUSION Overall, responders to omalizumab therapy are less likely to experience an asthma exacerbation and hospitalization. They were also more likely to reduce maintenance corticosteroid therapy and the need for rescue reliever therapy. These data suggest that omalizumab has proven effective in improving health outcomes for a cohort of carefully selected patients with severe allergic asthma in Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Subramaniam
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Belgard Road, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland.
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Al-Alawi M, Subramaniam A, Khan R, Moloney E, Lane SJ. Management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax: an audit into practice. Ir Med J 2013; 106:62. [PMID: 23472395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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25
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Kumar A, Kavitha KG, Subramaniam A. Interfacial edge dislocation interactions with free-surfaces in nanocrystals. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:5096-5101. [PMID: 22905584 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.4936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The configurational force experienced by a dislocation towards a free-surface is termed as the image force. In this work we consider a combination of two cases, wherein the image force experienced by an edge dislocation is considerably altered with respect to an edge dislocation in a semi-infinite body: (i) interfacial misfit edge dislocation in an epitaxial system and (ii) edge dislocation in a 2D nanocrystal. The interaction of an edge dislocation with a free-surface in a 2D nanocrystal can be: (i) attractive with a considerably altered magnitude and direction (as compared to the theoretically calculated value), (ii) neither attractive nor repulsive or (iii) even repulsive. To compute the image force on a misfit edge dislocation in a 2D nanocrystalline epitaxial system, a finite element model is constructed and stress-free strains are imposed in appropriate regions of the domain, to simulate an epitaxial system (Nb/Sapphire) and an interfacial dislocation. The results of the simulation are contrasted with the standard theoretical formulations, which are shown to be highly inadequate to handle such cases which involve epitaxial strains, two materials in the system and considerable domain deformations. KEYWORDS Image Force, Finite Element Method, Interfacial Misfit Dislocation, Domain
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
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Caballero P, Alonso J, Cortes S, Caballero Campo M, Gago M, Nunez-Calonge R, Ricciarelli E, Gomez Palomares JL, Bruna Catalan I, Hernandez ER, Grzegorczyk-Martin V, Belaisch-Allart J, Mayenga JM, Kulski O, Plachot M, Darby HC, Florensa Bargallo M, Perals Vazquez N, Esbert Algam M, Belles Fernandez M, Ballesteros Boluda A, Calderon de Oya G, Alegre de Miquel M, Choudhary M, Ramineni A, Stewart J, Cabello Y, Ricciarelli E, Fernandez-Shaw S, Mercader A, Herrer R, Arroyo G, Del Rio F, Carrera M, Fernandez Sanchez M, Sumimoto T, Kataoka N, Ogata H, Mizuta S, Tokura Y, Yamada S, Ogata S, Mizusawa Y, Matsumoto Y, Okamoto E, Kokeguchi S, Shiotani M, Nagai Y, Otsuki J, Maeda K, Momma Y, Takahashi K, Chuko M, Miwa A, Nagai A, Seggers J, Haadsma ML, La Bastide-van Gemert S, Heineman MJ, Kok JH, Middelburg KJ, Roseboom TJ, Schendelaar P, Van den Heuvel ER, Hadders-Algra M, Schendelaar P, Hadders-Algra M, Heineman MJ, Jongbloed-Pereboom M, La Bastide-Van Gemert S, Middelburg KJ, Van den Heuvel ER, Heineman KR, Schendelaar P, Middelburg KJ, Bos AF, Heineman MJ, Kok JH, La Bastide-Van Gemert S, Seggers J, Van den Heuvel ER, Hadders-Algra M, Kondapalli LA, Shaunik A, Molinaro TA, Ratcliffe SJ, Barnhart KT, Haadsma M, Seggers J, Bos AF, Heineman MJ, Keating P, Middelburg KJ, Van Hoften JC, Veenstra-Knol HE, Kok JH, Cobben JM, Hadders-Algra M, Pirkevi C, Atayurt Z, Yelke H, Kahraman S, Desmyttere S, Verpoest W, Haentjens P, Verheyen G, Liebaers I, Bonduelle M, Winter C, Van Acker F, Desmyttere S, De Schrijver F, Bonduelle M, Nekkebroeck J, Pariente-Khayat A, de Laubier A, Fehily D, Lemardeley G, Merlet F, Creusvaux H, Nakajo Y, Sakamoto E, Doshida M, Toya M, Nasu I, Kyono K, Schats R, Vergouw CG, Kostelijk EH, Doejaaren E, Hompes PGA, Lambalk CB, Nakamura Y, Takisawa T, Shibuya Y, Sato Y, Sato K, Kyono K, Berard A, Chaabane S, Sheehy O, Blais L, Fraser W, Bissonnette F, Monnier P, Tan SL, Trasler J, Subramaniam A, Chiappetta R, Mania A, Trew G, Lavery SA, van den Akker O, Purewal S, Bunnell C, Lashen H, Terriou P, Giorgetti C, Porcu-Buisson G, Roger V, Chinchole JM, Hamon V, Allemand-Sourieu J, Cravello L, Moreau J, Chabert-Orsini V, Belva F, Roelants M, De Schepper J, Roseboom TJ, Bonduelle M, Devroey P, Painter RC, Machin L, Fearon K, Morishima K, Fujimoto A, Oishi H, Hirata T, Harada M, Hasegawa A, Osuga Y, Yano T, Kozuma S, Taketani Y. QUALITY AND SAFETY OF ART THERAPIES. Hum Reprod 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/27.s2.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mendez M, Subramaniam A, Collins T, Minton G, Baldwin R, Berggren P, Särnblad A, Amir OA, Peddemors VM, Karczmarski L, Guissamulo A, Rosenbaum HC. Molecular ecology meets remote sensing: environmental drivers to population structure of humpback dolphins in the Western Indian Ocean. Heredity (Edinb) 2011; 107:349-61. [PMID: 21427750 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2011.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic analyses of population structure can be placed in explicit environmental contexts if appropriate environmental data are available. Here, we use high-coverage and high-resolution oceanographic and genetic sequence data to assess population structure patterns and their potential environmental influences for humpback dolphins in the Western Indian Ocean. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA data from 94 dolphins from the coasts of South Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania and Oman, employing frequency-based and maximum-likelihood algorithms to assess population structure and migration patterns. The genetic data were combined with 13 years of remote sensing oceanographic data of variables known to influence cetacean dispersal and population structure. Our analyses show strong and highly significant genetic structure between all putative populations, except for those in South Africa and Mozambique. Interestingly, the oceanographic data display marked environmental heterogeneity between all sampling areas and a degree of overlap between South Africa and Mozambique. Our combined analyses therefore suggest the occurrence of genetically isolated populations of humpback dolphins in areas that are environmentally distinct. This study highlights the utility of molecular tools in combination with high-resolution and high-coverage environmental data to address questions not only pertaining to genetic population structure, but also to relevant ecological processes in marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mendez
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.
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Ziebarth A, Durst J, Subramaniam A, Nguyen N, Smith H, Killian E, Kim K, Leath C, Straughn J, Alvarez R. Completed versus aborted radical hysterectomy for node-positive stage I cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.12.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Ova (n=62), which were collected from slaughterhouse bovine ovaries, and embryos (n=26), which were non-surgically recovered from 11 superovulated crossbred donor cows, were frozen. The frozen ova and embryos were then thawed using two conventional thawing protocols, i.e. at 37 degrees C for 30 seconds in a water bath and at 25 degrees C for 2 minutes in air. Some 64.5% of the ova and 53.8% of the embryos thawed in the water bath and 16.1% of the ova and 7.7% of the embryos thawed in ambient air exhibited fractured zonae pellucidae. The slow thawing protocol had a lower incidence of zona damage in cryopreserved oval and embryos than the fast thawing protocol. A low pregnancy rate (12.5%) was recorded for embryos transferred with zona fracture while embryos transferred with intact zonae had a rate of 35.3%) indicating that embryos with zona damage are less viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Subramaniam
- Embryo Transfer State Centre, Periyar District Co-operative Milk Producers' Union Ltd, Vasavi College Post, Erode 638 316, Tamil Nadu
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Abstract
Methaemoglobinaemia is an uncommon problem which can significantly impact on oxygen carriage and may necessitate intensive care management. The occurrence of symptomatic methaemoglobinaemia over a three-month period in four patients with haematological malignancies on dapsone for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis prompted a review of its use in this group of patients. We performed a retrospective audit to identify any contributing factors. Co-oximetry was employed to identify patients with methaemoglobinaemia. Thirty-four patients with haematological malignancies received dapsone between January and December 2008, of whom 53% (n=18) had co-oximetry studies done. Raised methaemoglobin levels (≥1.5%) were seen in 13 patients, four of them symptomatic. Mean peak level was of 7.84% (range 1.9 to 26.8%). Eight patients required intensive care support. Mean onset of methaemoglobinaemia was 11.8 days (range 4 to 18 days) following dapsone commencement. All patients were anaemic with an average haemoglobin of 85.5 g/l (range 59 to 111 g/l). All patients were prescribed ‘azole’ antifungal agents and five patients were also on high-dose steroids, both agents known to induce cytochrome P-450 enzymes and hence potentiating dapsone toxicity. Our experience suggests that dapsone should be used with caution in patients with haematological malignancies as they are particularly at risk of developing symptomatic methaemoglobinaemia due to underlying anaemia, immunosuppression and potential drug interactions. The current recommendation of dapsone for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis in this group of patients needs to be reviewed. When methaemoglobinaemia does occur, early recognition is possible with routine co-oximetry testing and prompt treatment may lessen the need for or duration of intensive care supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Subramaniam
- Department of Intensive Care, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C. Corallo
- Department of Intensive Care, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Senior Clinical Pharmacist, Department of Pharmacy, The Alfred Hospital
| | - R. Nagappan
- Department of Intensive Care, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Senior Intensive Care Specialist
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Sundareshwar PV, Murtugudde R, Srinivasan G, Singh S, Ramesh KJ, Ramesh R, Verma SB, Agarwal D, Baldocchi D, Baru CK, Baruah KK, Chowdhury GR, Dadhwal VK, Dutt CBS, Fuentes J, Gupta PK, Hargrove WW, Howard M, Jha CS, Lal S, Michener WK, Mitra AP, Morris JT, Myneni RR, Naja M, Nemani R, Purvaja R, Raha S, Vanan SKS, Sharma M, Subramaniam A, Sukumar R, Twilley RR, Zimmerman PR. Environmental Monitoring Network for India. Science 2007; 316:204-5. [PMID: 17431156 DOI: 10.1126/science.1137417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P V Sundareshwar
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
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Abstract
Materials such as Si(3)N(4), SiC and SrTiO(3) can have grain boundaries characterized by the presence of a thin intergranular amorphous film of nearly constant thickness, in some cases (e.g. Si(3)N(4)) almost independent of the orientation of the bounding grains, but dependent on the composition of the ceramic. Microscopy techniques such as high-resolution lattice fringe imaging, Fresnel fringe imaging and diffuse dark field imaging have been applied to the study of intergranular glassy films. The theme of the current investigation is the use of Fresnel fringes and Fourier filtering for the measurement of the thickness of intergranular glassy films. Fresnel fringes hidden in high-resolution micrographs can be used to objectively demarcate the glass-crystal interface and to measure the thickness of intergranular glassy films. Image line profiles obtained from Fourier filtering the high-resolution micrographs can yield better estimates of the thickness. Using image simulation, various kinds of deviation from an ideal square-well potential profile and their effects on the Fresnel image contrast are considered. A method is also put forth to objectively retrieve Fresnel fringe spacing data by Fourier filtering Fresnel contrast images. Difficulties arising from the use of the standard Fresnel fringe extrapolation technique are outlined and an alternative method for the measurement of the thickness of intergranular glassy films, based on zero-defocus (in-focus) Fresnel contrast images is suggested. The experimental work is from two ceramic systems: Lu-Mg-doped Si(3)N(4) and SrTiO(3) (stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric). Further, a comparison is made between the standard high-resolution lattice fringe technique, the standard Fresnel fringe extrapolation technique and the methods of analyses introduced in the current work, to illustrate their utility and merits. Taking experimental difficulties into account, this work is intended to be a practical tool kit for the study of intergranular glassy films.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bhattacharyya
- Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Zimbwa TA, Blanshard C, Subramaniam A. Platelet count/spleen diameter ratio as a predictor of oesophageal varices in alcoholic cirrhosis. Gut 2004; 53:1055. [PMID: 15194662 PMCID: PMC1774109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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Abstract
AIM To determine the rates of substrate oxidation by skeletal muscle in vitro as well as tissue-specific glucose uptake in vivo in transgenic mice overexpressing uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3) in skeletal muscle. METHODS Soleus muscle was isolated from transgenic mice overexpressing UCP3 in skeletal muscle and wild-type mice. Rates of [1-14C]-palmitate oxidation and [2-14C]-pyruvate oxidation were determined by in vitro incubation of the soleus muscle. Tissue glucose uptake rates were characterized during a glucose tolerance test using 2-deoxy-[1-3H]-glucose as a tracer. RESULTS Oxidation of [1-14C]-palmitate to CO2 by isolated soleus muscle was increased in UCP3 transgenic mice (0.45 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.24 +/- 0.02 micro mol/h/g). [2-14C]-pyruvate oxidation, which is a measure of the activity of pyruvate carboxylase in introducing pyruvate carbon into the tricarboxylic acid cycle, was increased 1.4-fold in the presence of fatty acid in the UCP3 transgenic mice (3.84 +/- 0.28 vs. 5.36 +/- 0.29 micro mol/h/g). The plasma glucose concentration after an overnight fast was significantly lower in the UCP3 transgenic mice (3.56 +/- 0.37 vs. 5.11 +/- 0.33 m/mol). Only brown adipose tissue from the UCP3 transgenic mice showed increased tissue glucose uptake rates compared with the wild-type mice. Skeletal muscle uptake rates of 2-deoxyglucose were either unchanged (soleus and gastrocnemius) or reduced (diaphragm) in the UCP3 transgenic mice. CONCLUSIONS The improved glucose tolerance in the UCP3 transgenic mice does not appear to be the result of increased uptake into peripheral tissues. The increased fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle of UCP3 transgenic mice supports the proposed role of UCP3 in the export of fatty acid anions from mitochondria during fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wang
- Clore Laboratory, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK.
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Botchkarev VA, Botchkareva NV, Welker P, Metz M, Lewin GR, Subramaniam A, Bulfone-Paus S, Hagen E, Braun A, Lommatzsch M, Renz H, Paus AR. A new role for neurotrophins: involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-4 in hair cycle control. FASEB J 1999; 13:395-410. [PMID: 9973328 DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.13.2.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins exert many biological effects not directly targeted at neurons, including modulation of keratinocyte proliferation and apoptosis in vitro. Here we exploit the cyclic growth and regression activity of the murine hair follicle to explore potential nonneuronal functions of neurotrophins in the skin, and analyze the follicular expression and hair growth-modulatory function of BDNF, NT-4, and their high-affinity receptor, TrkB. The cutaneous expression of BDNF and NT-4 mRNA was strikingly hair cycle dependent and peaked during the spontaneous, apoptosis-driven hair follicle regression (catagen). During catagen, BDNF mRNA and immunoreactivity, as well as NT-4-immunoreactivity, were expressed in the regressing hair follicle compartments, whereas TrkB mRNA and immunoreactivity were seen in dermal papilla fibroblasts, epithelial strand, and hair germ. BDNF or NT-4 knockout mice showed significant catagen retardation, whereas BDNF-overexpressing mice displayed acceleration of catagen and significant shortening of hair length. Finally, BDNF and NT-4 accelerated catagen development in murine skin organ culture. Together, our data suggest that BDNF and NT-4 play a previously unrecognized role in skin physiology as agents of hair growth control. Thus, TrkB agonists and antagonists deserve exploration as novel hair growth-modulatory drugs for the management of common hair growth disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Botchkarev
- Department of Dermatology, Humboldt University, Berlin, D-13122 Germany
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Botchkarev VA, Botchkareva NV, Lommatzsch M, Peters EM, Lewin GR, Subramaniam A, Braun A, Renz H, Paus R. BDNF overexpression induces differential increases among subsets of sympathetic innervation in murine back skin. Eur J Neurosci 1998; 10:3276-83. [PMID: 9786221 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Besides their recognized dependence on nerve growth factor (NGF) during development, the dependence of mature sympathetic ganglion neurons on other neurotrophins is still unclear. Here, we have investigated the sympathetic innervation of back skin in mice overexpressing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) under the alpha-myosin heavy-chain promoter, as well as in BDNF knockout (-/-) mice. Compared with wild-type controls, the dorsal skin of BDNF overexpressing mice displayed a significantly enhanced number of adrenergic, tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibres, while cholinergic or peptidergic sensory nerve fibres appeared unaltered. The adrenergic hyperinnervation in dorsal skin of BDNF overexpressing mice was most pronounced in the arrector pili muscle of hair follicles, while no increase of tyrosine hydroxylase-or neuropeptide Y-IR fibres associated with subcutaneous blood vessels was found. Instead, back skin of BDNF knockout (-/-) mice contained significantly fewer tyrosine hydroxylase-IR dermal nerve fibres than wild-type animals. This suggests that BDNF plays an important role in the control of different subsets of adrenergic innervation in murine back skin, and indicates that paravertebral sympathetic ganglia display a previously unrecognized differential BDNF-dependence in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Botchkarev
- Department of Dermatology, Charité, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany
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Sreekrishna K, Brankamp RG, Kropp KE, Blankenship DT, Tsay JT, Smith PL, Wierschke JD, Subramaniam A, Birkenberger LA. Strategies for optimal synthesis and secretion of heterologous proteins in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Gene 1997; 190:55-62. [PMID: 9185849 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(96)00672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous heterologous proteins have been produced at greater than gram per liter levels in the methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, using the methanol oxidase promoter. The factors that drastically influence protein production in this system include: copy number of the expression cassette, site and mode of chromosomal integration of the expression cassette, mRNA 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (UTR), translational start codon (AUG) context, A+T composition of cDNA, transcriptional and translational blocks, nature of secretion signal, endogenous protease activity, host strain physiology, media and growth conditions, and fermentation parameters. All these factors should be considered in designing an optimal production system. The inherent ability of P. pastoris to convert the zymogen (pro-enzyme) form of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) into active mature forms (which tend to self-degrade, and in some instances also cause damage to cells), largely limits the use of this system for the production of MMP. However, this problem can be partly alleviated by co-expression of tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sreekrishna
- Hoechst Marion Roussel, Inc., Cincinnati, OH 45215-6300, USA.
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Abstract
During development in the murine ventricle, there is a switch in myosin heavy chain gene (MyHC) transcription. The beta-MyHC is expressed in the ventricles during foetal development, but is shut down at or around birth, at which time alpha-MyHC transcription is activated. This antithetical switch is thought to be mediated by circulating levels of thyroid hormone (TH) and both low and high affinity thyroid response elements (TREs) have been identified in the proximal promoter region of the murine alpha-MyHC. Myosin gene expression in the atria is relatively unaffected by the TH status. Previously, we used site-directed mutagenesis of the promoter in a transgenic analysis to define those elements responsible for high levels of transcription in vivo. These analyses focused on the role(s) of two cis elements, TRE1 and TRE2 that are located at -129 to -149 and -102 to -120, respectively, on the alpha-MyHC promoter. Although the elements' ablation had differential effects on transgene expression, neither single mutation abolished transgene expression completely. Here, we show that mutating both elements results in a complete inactivation of the transgene in both ventricles and atria under euthyroid conditions. However, expression still can be detected in the hyperthyroid state, implying that, although the TRE1 and TRE2 elements are critical elements for high levels of alpha-MyHC transcription in vivo, other promoter sites can mediate at least some degree of transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rindt
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
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Subramaniam A. THE CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL RUBBER LATEX. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0889-8561(22)00356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Pushpangadan P, Rajasekharan S, Subramaniam A, Latha PG, Evans DA, Raj RV. Further on the pharmacology of trichopus zeylanicus. Anc Sci Life 1995; 14:127-35. [PMID: 22556689 PMCID: PMC3331231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/1994] [Accepted: 11/21/1994] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral administration of Trichopus zeylanicus to mice (0.5 ml of 2% water suspension / mouse) for 7 consecutive days markedly increased the number of thymocytes splenic lymphocytes, total blood leucocytes and peritoneal macrophages without any effect on Haemoglobin content and body weight. This increase in the proliferation of lymphocytes and macrophages could be one of the mechanism of T.zeylanicus induced immunomodulation. Treatment with T. zeylanicus protected mice from tumour cell growth when challenged with 0.5 million of EAC ascetic tumour cells / mouse. Studies on the gastrointestinal function of this drug showed that the drug slightly reduced intestinal motility as judged from charcoal movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pushpangadan
- Division of Ethnopharmacology and Ethnomedicine, Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (T.B.G.R.I), Palode, Thiruvanthapuram - 695 562, Kerala, India
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Grupp IL, Subramaniam A, Hewett TE, Robbins J, Grupp G. Comparison of normal, hypodynamic, and hyperdynamic mouse hearts using isolated work-performing heart preparations. Am J Physiol 1993; 265:H1401-10. [PMID: 7694487 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1993.265.4.h1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It is now possible to manipulate the murine genome and produce transgenic mice in which genes encoding myocardial proteins have been ablated, resulting in an altered myocardial performance. In this study, we quantitate myocardial performance in work-performing mouse heart preparations from euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid mice. Our results show that time to peak pressure (TPP) and time to half-relaxation (RT1/2), together with first derivatives of intraventricular pressure (+/- dP/dt), are significant indicators of the quality and quantity of systolic contraction and relaxation. We compared the normal control indicators of contraction and relaxation of three different mouse strains at minimum afterloads (approximately 50 mmHg) and preloads (approximately 5 ml/min) and found them identical in range. All indicators of myocardial performance were significantly higher in the hyperthyroid and lower in the hypothyroid compared with normal mice. The cardiac myosin heavy chain isoform transcript shift (alpha-->beta) associated with hypothyroidism was observed. Because sympathetic activity is greatly enhanced with hyperthyroidism, we studied the effects of isoproterenol and the beta-blocker sotalol on cardiac contractility. Only approximately 50% of the myocardial hyperactivity displayed by hyperthyroid mice could be attributed to beta-adrenergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I L Grupp
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0575
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Adolph EA, Subramaniam A, Cserjesi P, Olson EN, Robbins J. Role of myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor (MEF-2) in transcriptional regulation of the alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain gene. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:5349-52. [PMID: 8449897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The intergenic region between the mouse alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain and beta-myosin heavy chain genes has previously been shown to direct expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene in transgenic mice in a tissue-specific manner. Sequence analyses located a putative myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor (MEF-2) site situated in the regulatory region of this gene proximal to the start site of transcription. The role of this element in directing the cardiac compartment-specific expression of the transgene was assessed. The polymerase chain reaction was used to perform substitution mutagenesis of the MEF-2 binding site, and lack of MEF-2 binding was confirmed by gel retardation assays. The resultant construct was used to generate transgenic mice. Surprisingly, transgene expression was not down-regulated, but was significantly increased in the hearts of the MEF-2 mutant mice. In addition, cardiac-specific expression of the transgene was perturbed with significant levels of ectopic expression occurring in the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Adolph
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0575
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Adolph E, Subramaniam A, Cserjesi P, Olson E, Robbins J. Role of myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor (MEF-2) in transcriptional regulation of the alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain gene. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Subramaniam A, Gulick J, Neumann J, Knotts S, Robbins J. Transgenic analysis of the thyroid-responsive elements in the alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain gene promoter. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:4331-6. [PMID: 8440718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of two putative, cis-acting thyroid hormone-responsive elements, TRE1 and TRE2, located at -129 to -149 and -102 to -120, respectively, on the murine alpha-myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene, has been investigated in transgenic mice. These motifs are present in a 4.5-kilobase fragment lying upstream of the transcriptional start site of the mouse alpha-MHC gene: this fragment directs appropriate expression of a reporter gene in transgenic mice (Subramaniam, A., Jones, W. K., Gulick, J., Wert, S., Neumann, J., and Robbins, J. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 24613-24620). Here, we independently mutate the TRE1 and TRE2 elements by base substitution. The mice were analyzed for transgene expression in different muscle and non-muscle tissues including the atria and ventricles. Normal levels of transgene expression were observed in euthyroid mice carrying a mutation in TRE1. In contrast to these results, mice in which TRE2 was mutated showed reduced levels of CAT activity in both the atria and ventricles, suggesting a previously undefined role for this element in the constitutive up-regulation of the alpha-MHC gene. In hypothyroid mice carrying either of these mutations, the complete cessation of ventricular expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase transcripts that takes place in the alpha-5.5 (wild type) animals did not occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Subramaniam
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0575
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Subramaniam A, Gulick J, Neumann J, Knotts S, Robbins J. Transgenic analysis of the thyroid-responsive elements in the alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain gene promoter. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Li B, Sehajpal PK, Subramaniam A, Joseph A, Stenzel KH, Suthanthiran M. INHIBITION OF INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN NORMAL HUMAN T CELLS BY CYCLOSPORINE. Transplantation 1992; 53:146-51. [PMID: 1346344 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199201000-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In view of the importance of the IL-2 receptors in the expression of antiallograft immunity and the currently existing controversy regarding the effect of CsA on the induction of IL-2 receptors, we explored the effect of cyclosporine on the induction of interleukin-2 receptor alpha and beta in normal human T cells. The effect of CsA on the induction of IL-2 receptors was examined at the levels of mRNA expression (with the aid of the polymerase chain reaction), protein (by SDS-PAGE analysis of chemically crosslinked 125I-IL-2 membrane protein complexes and by FACS), and function (by Scatchard analysis of 125I-IL-2 binding to T cells). The T cells were signaled with sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol and ionomycin or with crosslinked anti-CD3 and anti-CD2 mAbs. Our experimental design revealed that (A) CsA inhibits the induction of IL-2 receptor alpha and beta in normal human T cells, (B) the inhibitory activity is realized by a direct effect on T cells, and (C) the inhibitory activity is detectable at the pretranslational level--CsA significantly reduced the induction of mRNA encoding IL-2 receptor alpha and IL-2 receptor beta. These observations together persuasively demonstrate the ability of CsA to interrupt the emergence of IL-2 receptors on the surface of normal human T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- CD2 Antigens
- CD3 Complex
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclosporine/pharmacology
- Diglycerides/pharmacology
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Humans
- Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Ionomycin/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- B Li
- Iris and B. Gerald Canter Laboratory for Immunological Research in Diabetes, Rogosin Institute, New York, New York 10021
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Subramaniam A, Jones WK, Gulick J, Wert S, Neumann J, Robbins J. Tissue-specific regulation of the alpha-myosin heavy chain gene promoter in transgenic mice. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:24613-20. [PMID: 1722208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The intergenic region between the mouse alpha-myosin heavy chain (MHC) and beta-MHC genes was analyzed in terms of its ability to drive gene expression in transgenic mice. Earlier, we reported that the entire intergenic region was sufficient to direct expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene in a tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific manner. Additional transgenic lines have been generated which include two deletions. The first deletion, alpha-3, which lacks the distal 2.5 kilobase pairs of the upstream region, is competent to direct tissue- and developmental-specific expression of the transgene. A larger deletion, in which only 138 base pairs upstream of the transcriptional start site remain, shows no chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in either muscle or non-muscle tissue. Tissue surveys of transgene expression indicated low levels of activity in the lung, and analyses via the polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of the endogenous alpha-MHC gene transcripts in this tissue. Subsequently, an alpha-MHC gene-specific riboprobe was used to detect the cognate transcripts in lung sections by in situ hybridization. The data show that, in the lung, the transcripts are localized to the thick intimal wall of the veins and venules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Subramaniam
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0575
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Subramaniam A, Jones W, Gulick J, Wert S, Neumann J, Robbins J. Tissue-specific regulation of the alpha-myosin heavy chain gene promoter in transgenic mice. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)54273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Subramaniam A, Devarajan KP. Vagino-cornual cannulation and embryo recovery from crossbred (Bos indicusxBos taurus) heifers. Theriogenology 1991; 36:513-9. [PMID: 16727023 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(91)90480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/1991] [Accepted: 07/19/1991] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Successful vaginal and bicornual cannulations were performed with a tabular cannulator shaped like a giant hypodermic needle in crossbred (Bos indicusxBos taurus) heifers (n=7). A total of 58 embryos from a possible 73 were flushed out. The embryo recovery rate was 79.45% and average recovery time was 50 minutes. The wound healing at cannulation sites was rapid. All heifers except one conceived due to insemination during subsequent cycles. One heifer developed pyometra and did not settle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Subramaniam
- Embryo Transfer State Centre, The Periyar District Co. operative, Milk Producers' Union, Vasavi College Post, Erode 638 316, India
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