1
|
den Hoedt S, Dorst-Lagerwerf KY, de Vries HE, Rozemuller AJ, Scheltens P, Walter J, Sijbrands EJ, Martinez-Martinez P, Verhoeven AJ, Teunissen CE, Mulder MT. Sphingolipids in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Lipoproteins of APOE4 Homozygotes and Non-APOE4 Carriers with Mild Cognitive Impairment versus Subjective Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:339-354. [DOI: 10.3233/adr220072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients display alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma sphingolipids. The APOE4 genotype increases the risk of developing AD. Objective: To test the hypothesis that the APOE4 genotype affects common sphingolipids in CSF and in plasma of patients with early stages of AD. Methods: Patients homozygous for APOE4 and non-APOE4 carriers with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 20 versus 20) were compared to patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD; n = 18 versus 20). Sphingolipids in CSF and plasma lipoproteins were determined by liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Aβ42 levels in CSF were determined by immunoassay. Results: APOE4 homozygotes displayed lower levels of sphingomyelin (SM; p = 0.042), SM(d18:1/18:0) (p = 0.026), and Aβ 42 (p < 0.001) in CSF than non-APOE4 carriers. CSF-Aβ 42 correlated with Cer(d18:1/18:0), SM(d18:1/18:0), and SM(d18:1/18:1) levels in APOE4 homozygotes (r > 0.49; p < 0.032) and with Cer(d18:1/24:1) in non-APOE4 carriers (r = 0.50; p = 0.025). CSF-Aβ 42 correlated positively with Cer(d18:1/24:0) in MCI (p = 0.028), but negatively in SCD patients (p = 0.019). Levels of Cer(d18:1/22:0) and long-chain SMs were inversely correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination score among MCI patients, independent of APOE4 genotype (r< –0.47; p < 0.039). Nevertheless, age and sex are stronger determinants of individual sphingolipid levels in CSF than either the APOE genotype or the cognitive state. In HDL, ratios of Cer(d18:1/18:0) and Cer(d18:1/22:0) to cholesterol were higher in APOE4 homozygotes than in non-APOE4 carriers (p = 0.048 and 0.047, respectively). Conclusion: The APOE4 genotype affects sphingolipid profiles of CSF and plasma lipoproteins already at early stages of AD. ApoE4 may contribute to the early development of AD through modulation of sphingolipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra den Hoedt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Helga E. de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke J.M. Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, The Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, and Neurochemistry Laboratory, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VrijeUniversiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jochen Walter
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eric J.G. Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pilar Martinez-Martinez
- Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Adrie J.M. Verhoeven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, The Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, and Neurochemistry Laboratory, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VrijeUniversiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique T. Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
den Hoedt S, Janssen CI, Astarita G, Piomelli D, Leijten FP, Crivelli SM, Verhoeven AJ, de Vries HE, Walter J, Martinez-Martinez P, Sijbrands EJ, Kiliaan AJ, Mulder MT. Pleiotropic Effect of Human ApoE4 on Cerebral Ceramide and Saturated Fatty Acid Levels. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 60:769-781. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra den Hoedt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carola I.F. Janssen
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Astarita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Frank P.J. Leijten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone M. Crivelli
- Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Adrie J.M. Verhoeven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E. de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jochen Walter
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pilar Martinez-Martinez
- Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J.G. Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda J. Kiliaan
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique T. Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kuster DW, Merkus D, Blonden LA, Kremer A, van IJcken WF, Verhoeven AJ, Duncker DJ. Gene reprogramming in exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy in swine: A transcriptional genomics approach. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 77:168-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
4
|
Brands M, van Raalte DH, João Ferraz M, Sauerwein HP, Verhoeven AJ, Aerts JMFG, Diamant M, Serlie MJ. No difference in glycosphingolipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:1219-25. [PMID: 23386653 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucocorticoids (GCs) are well known to induce insulin resistance; however, mechanisms that cause the impairement of the insulin signaling pathway have not yet been identified. In this study we measured whether GC-induced insulin resistance in humans is related to changes in muscle ceramide, GM3, and muscle mitochondrial function. METHODS In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, dose-response intervention study, 32 healthy males (aged 22 ± 3 years; body mass index 22.4 ± 1.7 kg/m(-2)) were allocated to prednisolone (PRED) 7.5 mg once daily (n = 12), PRED 30 mg once daily (n = 12), or placebo (n = 8) for 2 weeks using block randomization. Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp before and after treatment. Muscle biopsies were performed to measure ceramide, monosialodihexosylganglioside (GM3), and mitochondrial function. RESULTS Peripheral insulin sensitivity was dose dependently decreased after the PRED treatment. Muscle ceramide and GM3 concentration and mitochondrial function were not altered by 2 weeks of PRED treatment. CONCLUSION Short-term GC treatment dose dependently impaired whole-body insulin sensitivity in healthy males, without concomitant changes in muscle ceramide, GM3, or mitochondrial function. These findings suggest that other mechanisms play a role in GC-related impairment of insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Brands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9 F5-167, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
van Deursen D, van Leeuwen M, Akdogan D, Adams H, Jansen H, Verhoeven AJ. Activation of hepatic lipase expression by oleic acid: possible involvement of USF1. Nutrients 2009; 1:133-47. [PMID: 22253973 PMCID: PMC3257599 DOI: 10.3390/nu1020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids affect gene expression mainly through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs), but how monounsaturated fatty acids affect gene expression is poorly understood. In HepG2 cells, oleate supplementation has been shown to increase secretion of hepatic lipase (HL). We hypothesized that oleate affects HL gene expression at the transcriptional level. To test this, we studied the effect of oleate on HL promoter activity using HepG2 cells and the proximal HL promoter region (700 bp). Oleate increased HL expression and promoter activity 1.3-2.1 fold and reduced SREBP activity by 50%. Downregulation of SREBP activity by incubation with cholesterol+25-hydroxycholesterol had no effect on HL promoter activity. Overexpression of SREBP2, but not SREBP1, reduced HL promoter activity, which was effected mainly through the USF1 binding site at -307/-312. Oleate increased the nuclear abundance of USF1 protein 2.7 ± 0.6 fold, while USF1 levels were reduced by SREBP2 overexpression. We conclude that oleate increases HL gene expression via USF1. USF1 may be an additional fatty acid sensor in liver cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diederik van Deursen
- Dept. Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research School (COEUR), Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.D); (M.v.L.)
| | - Marije van Leeuwen
- Dept. Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research School (COEUR), Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.D); (M.v.L.)
| | - Deniz Akdogan
- Dept. Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research School (COEUR), Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.D); (M.v.L.)
| | - Hadie Adams
- Dept. Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research School (COEUR), Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.D); (M.v.L.)
| | - Hans Jansen
- Dept. Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research School (COEUR), Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.D); (M.v.L.)
- Dept. Clinical Chemistry, Cardiovascular Research School (COEUR), Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (H.J.)
| | - Adrie J.M. Verhoeven
- Dept. Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research School (COEUR), Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.D); (M.v.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Central in the regulation of the short life span of neutrophils are their mitochondria. These organelles hardly contribute to the energy status of neutrophils but play a vital role in the apoptotic process. Not only do the mitochondria contain cytotoxic proteins that are released during apoptosis and contribute to caspase activation, but they also act as sensors of the metabolic and redox state of the cell and as scavengers of free Ca2+. The balance of the expression and activity of the proapoptotic and antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins determines the life span of neutrophils, because these proteins are essential for the formation of a permeability transition pore in the mitochondria and also seem to control the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum and thereby mitochondrial energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J van Raam
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Loss of phospholipid asymmetry in the membrane of red blood cells (RBC) results in exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) and to subsequent removal from the circulation. In this study, we investigated the effect of long-term storage of RBCs on two activities affecting phospholipid asymmetry: the ATP-dependent aminophospholipid translocase (or flippase, transporting PS from the outer to the inner leaflet) and phospholipid scrambling (which will move PS from the inner to the outer leaflet). MATERIALS AND METHODS Standard leukodepleted RBC concentrates were stored in saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol (SAGM) at 4 degrees C for up to 7 weeks. PS exposure was determined by measurement of AnnexinV-FITC binding to the cells, flippase activity by measurement of the inward translocation of NBD-labelled PS. Scrambling activity was determined by following the inward translocation of fluorescent NBD-phosphatidylcholine. In parallel, intracellular ATP levels were determined. RESULTS PS exposure amounted to only 1.5 +/- 0.3% positive cells (n = 8) after 5 weeks of storage, which slightly increased to 3.5 +/- 0.7% (n = 8) after 7 weeks of storage. Flippase activity started to decrease after 21 days of storage and reached 81 +/- 5% of the control value after 5 weeks of storage (n = 6) and 59 +/- 6% (n = 6) after 7 weeks. Also in RBC obtained by apheresis, flippase activity decreased upon storage. Scrambling activity remained virtually absent during storage, explaining the low PS exposure despite the decrease in flippase activity. Rejuvenation of RBC after 7 weeks to increase ATP levels only partially restored flippase activity, but in combination with a correction of the intracellular pH to that of fresh cells, almost complete restoration was achieved. The decrease in flippase activity after prolonged storage did make the RBCs more prone to PS exposure after activation of phospholipid scrambling. CONCLUSION This study shows that, although PS exposure remains low, prolonged storage does compromise the RBC membrane by affecting flippase activity. When the metabolic changes induced by storage are corrected, flippase activity can be restored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Verhoeven
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Division Research, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Trannoy LL, Terpstra FG, de Korte D, Lagerberg JWM, Verhoeven AJ, Brand A, van Engelenburg FAC. Differential sensitivities of pathogens in red cell concentrates to Tri-P(4)-photoinactivation. Vox Sang 2006; 91:111-8. [PMID: 16907871 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2006.00791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Photodynamic treatment (PDT) with the cationic porphyrin, mono-phenyl-tri-(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)-porphyrin chloride [Tri-P(4)], has previously been shown to be effective at inactivating vesicle stomatitis virus (VSV) in red cell concentrates (RCC) with limited damage to red blood cells (RBC). The aim of this study was to determine the pathogen-inactivating capacity of PDT with Tri-P(4) for a broader range of pathogens and to establish the associated effect on in vitro RBC quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS A series of viruses and bacteria was spiked into 60% RCC. Pathogen inactivation was determined after PDT with 25 microm Tri-P(4) and red light up to 360 kJ/m2. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected cells were evaluated for cell death induction, and RCC were analysed for the induction of haemolysis and ATP content. RESULTS For the lipid-enveloped viruses bovine viral diarrhoea virus, HIV and pseudorabies virus, and for the Gram positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, and the Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Yersinia enterolitica, inactivation of > or = 5 log10 was measured after 60 min of PDT with Tri-P(4). The required treatment time to achieve this level of inactivation was four times longer than required for VSV. For cell-associated HIV, only 1.7 log10 of inactivation was found, despite clear induction of cell death of HIV-infected cells. The non-enveloped virus, canine parvovirus, was completely resistant to the treatment. PDT of RCC with Tri-P(4) for 60 min, and subsequent storage in AS-3, resulted in 4% haemolysis after 35 days of storage. The ATP content of untreated and treated RBC declined with similar kinetics during storage. CONCLUSION PDT of RCC with Tri-P(4) for 60 min inactivates a wide range of pathogens, but not cell-associated HIV and a non-enveloped virus, and compromises RBC quality. This reduces the suitability of PDT with Tri-P(4) for red cell sterilization. Therefore, further improvements in the treatment procedures to potentiate pathogen inactivation and to preserve RBC integrity will be required to generate an effective treatment for sterilizing RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L L Trannoy
- Department of Research and Development, Sanquin Blood Bank Southwest, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
In the past decade, studies suggesting a reduced oxygen delivery by stored red blood cell concentrates (RBCCs) have initiated a discussion about the use of fresh versus old blood. We determined whether old RBCCs represent a significant part of the total of RBCCs issued. The age of RBCCs at the time of transfusion was determined in 74 084 units during a 5-year period in the Academic Medical Center, a main Dutch University Hospital. The mean (+/-SD) storage time of the total number of transfused RBCC was 19.4 +/- 7.0 days, and 37% were older than 3 weeks. As more than one-third of the transfused RBCC units are stored for longer than 3 weeks, the research examining differences in oxygen delivery between fresh and stored RBCC is relevant for packed RBC transfusion practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N J H Raat
- Department of Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Raat NJ, Verhoeven AJ, Mik EG, Gouwerok CW, Verhaar R, Goedhart PT, de Korte D, Ince C. The effect of storage time of human red cells on intestinal microcirculatory oxygenation in a rat isovolemic exchange model*. Crit Care Med 2005; 33:39-45; discussion 238-9. [PMID: 15644646 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000150655.75519.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the storage time of human leukodepleted red blood cell concentrates compromises intestinal microvascular oxygen concentration oxygen (muPo(2)) during isovolemic exchange transfusion at low hematocrit. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled study. SETTING University research institute laboratory. SUBJECTS Male Wistar rats. INTERVENTIONS Intestinal muPo(2) was determined by Pd-porphyrin phosphorescence life-time measurements. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Rats were brought near to a state of oxygen supply dependency by hemodilution with a pasteurized plasma protein solution to a hematocrit of 14.3 +/- 1.1% (n = 24). Subsequently, an isovolemic exchange transfusion with human leukodepleted red blood cells, stored for 2-6 days (fresh, n = 8), 2-3 wks (intermediate, n = 8), or 5-6 wks (old, n = 8), was performed to determine whether intestinal muPo(2) would be preserved. Immunologic reactions were avoided by washing the red blood cell concentrates three times before use. Isovolemic exchange with fresh and intermediate red blood cells maintained muPo(2) whereas old cells decreased muPo(2) with 26%. Subsequent transfusion with red blood cells (hematocrit approximately 60%) until reaching a hematocrit of 32.4 +/- 2.1 % (n = 24) increased intestinal muPo(2) in all three groups to the same extent between 28% and 32%. No changes in red blood cell deformability, as determined by a Laser-assisted Optical Rotational Cell Analyzer, could be demonstrated during 5 wks of storage. CONCLUSION This study shows that at low hematocrit, the oxygen-delivering capacity of human red blood cells stored 5-6 wks is reduced compared with fresh cells and red blood cells stored for an intermediate period. Although red blood cells stored for 2-3 wks are completely devoid of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, their oxygen-delivering capacity to the intestines was the same as fresh red blood cells. Our study showed that red blood cell deformability was preserved during storage, suggesting that other mechanisms may account for the observed decrease in oxygen delivery by red blood cells stored 2-3 wks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N J Raat
- Department of Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hilarius PM, Ebbing IG, Dekkers DWC, Lagerberg JWM, de Korte D, Verhoeven AJ. Generation of Singlet Oxygen Induces Phospholipid Scrambling in Human Erythrocytes. Biochemistry 2004; 43:4012-9. [PMID: 15049708 DOI: 10.1021/bi035637k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of phospholipid asymmetry of the plasma membrane is essential for cells to prevent phagocytic removal or acceleration of coagulation. Photodynamic treatment (PDT), which relies on the generation of reactive oxygen species to achieve inactivation of pathogens, might be a promising approach in the future for decontamination of red blood cell concentrates. To investigate whether PDT affects phospholipid asymmetry, erythrocytes were illuminated in the presence of 1,9-dimethyl-methylene blue (DMMB) as photosensitizer and subsequently labeled with FITC-labeled annexin V. This treatment resulted in about 10% annexin V positive cells, indicating exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS). Treatment of erythrocytes with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) prior to illumination, to inhibit inward translocation of PS via the aminophospholipid translocase, resulted in enhanced PS exposure, while treatment with H(2)O(2) (previously shown to inhibit phospholipid scrambling) greatly diminished PS exposure, indicating the induction of phospholipid scrambling by PDT. Only erythrocytes illuminated in the presence of DMMB showed translocation of NBD-phosphatidylcholine (NBD-PC), confirming scrambling induction. Double label experiments indicated that PS exposure does not occur without concurrent scrambling activity. Induction of scrambling was only moderately affected by Ca(2+) depletion of the cells. In contrast, scavengers of singlet oxygen were found to prevent phospholipid scrambling induced by PDT. The results of this study show that phospholipid scrambling is induced in human erythrocytes by exposure to singlet oxygen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P M Hilarius
- Sanquin Research at CLB, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
de Korte D, Verhoeven AJ. Quality determinants of erythrocyte destined for transfusion. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2004; 50:187-95. [PMID: 15095789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
An overview is given of a series of standard assays to evaluate the quality of red cell concentrates for transfusion. These are visual inspection, assessment of hemolysis, quantitation of 2,3-DPG and nucleotide levels (especially ATP) and evaluation of morphology. These parameters, relatively easy to measure, are main determinants of in vivo recovery after transfusion. In addition, some other assays are described, which should give more information about the function of red blood cells after transfusion. These assays include plasma-induced hemolysis, binding of annexin-V, deformability measurements and a rat model to judge oxygen delivery by human red blood cells (RBC). Especially in judging new protocols for the preparation of red cell products, involving e.g. improved additive solutions or pathogen inactivation methods, these quality parameters should not be compromised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D de Korte
- Sanquin Research at CLB, Dept. Transfusion Technology, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dijkstra-Tiekstra MJ, de Korte D, Pietersz RNI, Reesink HW, van der Meer PF, Verhoeven AJ. Comparison of various dimethylsulphoxide-containing solutions for cryopreservation of leucoreduced platelet concentrates. Vox Sang 2003; 85:276-82. [PMID: 14633253 DOI: 10.1111/j.0042-9007.2003.00360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Leucoreduced platelet concentrates (LR-PCs) can be stored at 20-24 degrees C for 5-7 days. When LR-PCs are cryopreserved they can be stored for several years. For cryopreservation to become applicable in blood-bank practice, an off-the-shelf cryoprotectant is needed that can be added to the LR-PC in a sterile manner. For this, we varied the composition of the cryopreservation medium and studied various parameters of cryopreserved LR-PCs for up to 24 h after thawing at room temperature. MATERIALS AND METHODS LR-PCs in plasma or Composol were concentrated and divided into 2 units. To each unit, an equal part of 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in plasma, Composol with or without 5% albumin, or GPO (pasteurized plasma-protein solution) was added. Freezing occurred at 1 degrees C/min and LR-PCs were placed in the vapour phase of nitrogen. LR-PCs were thawed at 37 degrees C and stored at room temperature. LR-PCs were tested for morphology, platelet recovery, swirling effect, and activation antigens at various time-points thereafter. RESULTS LR-PCs in 100%, 65% and 50% plasma supplemented with Composol showed good morphology scores (>250), limited CD62P expression (<35%), low CD63 expression (<20%) and a swirling effect of about 2, at 24 h after thawing. At the same time-point, platelet recovery was >80% under all conditions and CD42b expression varied between 70 and 85%. Results of LR-PCs in 15% plasma and Composol, with or without plasma substitutes, were not acceptable at 24 h after thawing, i.e. the morphology score was <200 and the CD62P expression was >40%. CONCLUSIONS A minimum of 50% plasma in the cryopreserved LR-PC is necessary to maintain an acceptable in vitro quality of platelets up to 24 h after thawing. Composol is a good candidate for using to prepare an off-the-shelf cryoprotectant.
Collapse
|
15
|
Besselink GAJ, Ebbing IG, Hilarius PM, de Korte D, Verhoeven AJ, Lagerberg JWM. Composition of the additive solution affects red blood cell integrity after photodynamic treatment. Vox Sang 2003; 85:183-9. [PMID: 14516448 DOI: 10.1046/j.1423-0410.2003.00358.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Photodynamic treatment is a promising technique for pathogen inactivation of red blood cell concentrates. For protocol optimization, the influence of the composition of the storage solution on the integrity of phototreated red cells was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Red blood cells were resuspended in the storage solutions SAG-M or AS-3 to a haematocrit (Hct) of 30%. After addition of the photosensitizer, 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) (25 microm), the suspensions were illuminated with red light, and potassium leakage and delayed haemolysis were determined. In some experiments, the cells were washed after illumination and resuspended in modified storage solutions. RESULTS Illumination of red cells in the presence of DMMB resulted in an immediate, light-dose-dependent increase in potassium leakage. The illumination conditions used induced no detectable haemolysis immediately after photodynamic treatment. Potassium leakage was higher when the illumination was performed in AS-3. In contrast, delayed haemolysis, measured after overnight storage, was considerably lower when cells were stored in AS-3. This protection was mainly a result of the presence of citrate in AS-3. In addition, other impermeant solutes protected against haemolysis. CONCLUSIONS The additive solution strongly influences the integrity of red cells after photodynamic treatment. Whereas the solution in which the cells are illuminated has a small effect on red cell integrity, the main influence of the additive solution is during post-treatment storage. Red cell integrity is best maintained when illumination is performed in SAG-M followed by storage in AS-3. The presence of non-permeant solutes, such as citrate, in the solution used for storage, prevents haemolysis of the phototreated, cation-permeable cells by counterbalancing the osmotic activity of haemoglobin.
Collapse
|
16
|
Besselink GAJ, van Engelenburg FAC, Ebbing IG, Hilarius PM, de Korte D, Verhoeven AJ. Additive effects of dipyridamole and Trolox in protecting human red cells during photodynamic treatment. Vox Sang 2003; 85:25-30. [PMID: 12823727 DOI: 10.1046/j.1423-0410.2003.00318.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Photodynamic treatment (PDT) of red blood cell (RBC) suspensions has been reported to result in virus inactivation, but also in deterioration of cell quality. Recently, we have demonstrated the potential usefulness of the reactive oxygen species scavenger dipyridamole in selectively protecting RBCs against the harmful side-effects of PDT. Unfortunately, dipyridamole-conferred protection against long-term photohaemolysis was incomplete. In the present study, dipyridamole was applied in combination with Trolox (a hydrophilic vitamin E analogue) in order to augment RBC protection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Leucodepleted RBC suspensions (30% haematocrit) were treated with 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) and red light, and the effect of inclusion of dipyridamole and Trolox was assessed on potassium leakage as well as on short-term and long-term photohaemolysis. Possible interference of the scavenger cocktail with virus inactivation was examined using extracellular pseudorabies virus (PRV). RESULTS Treatment of RBC with DMMB and red light resulted in enhanced potassium leakage and both short- and long-term haemolysis. Dipyridamole and Trolox showed additive protective effects against induction of potassium leakage and photohaemolysis, suggesting different protection mechanisms for the two scavengers. Combined inclusion of dipyridamole and Trolox did not interfere with efficacy of PRV inactivation. CONCLUSIONS Combined inclusion of dipyridamole and Trolox results in substantially improved selectivity of photodynamic treatment of RBC suspensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A J Besselink
- Department of Transfusion Technology, Sanquin Research at CLB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
de Korte D, Marcelis JH, Verhoeven AJ, Soeterboek AM. Diversion of first blood volume results in a reduction of bacterial contamination for whole-blood collections. Vox Sang 2002; 83:13-6. [PMID: 12100383 DOI: 10.1046/j.1423-0410.2002.00189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In a previous study we established a reliable setpoint for the prevalence of bacteria in whole blood. In the present study we investigated the possible preventive effect, of diversion of the first 10 ml of a blood donation, on the bacterial contamination rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS To divert the first 10 ml of a whole-blood donation, we used a special five-bag system equipped with a Composampler device. After venepuncture, the first 10 ml of a donation was sampled into a vacutainer tube. This was followed by the collection of the whole-blood unit. The extra bag allowed direct sampling of the final donation in a closed system for BacT/Alert. Whole-blood samples were taken after storage (2-14 h at 20 degrees C) and subsequent mixing. BacT/Alert culture bottles were incubated until positive, or for 7 days if negative. Confirmation and identification of positive cultures was performed according to internationally recognized standard reference methods. RESULTS The prevalence of bacteria in whole blood, as determined by using standard collection techniques, was 0.35% (95% confidence interval 0.27-0.44%, n = 18 257). After diversion of the first 10 ml this value was significantly lower: 0.21% (P < 0.05, 95% confidence interval 0.12-0.35%, n = 7087). Most strikingly, a reduction in the frequency of staphylococcal species was observed (P < 0.02, reduction from 0.14 to 0.03%). CONCLUSIONS Diversion of the first 10 ml of blood was shown to contribute significantly to a reduction in the prevalence of superficial skin bacteria in whole-blood units. In our opinion, blood collection systems should be adapted to use the first 10-30 ml of a whole-blood donation for testing purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D de Korte
- CLB, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Blood bank De Meierij, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Besselink GAJ, Van Engelenburg FAC, Korsten HG, Blokker DE, Lagerberg JWA, Brand A, De Korte D, Verhoeven AJ. The band III ligand dipyridamole protects human RBCs during photodynamic treatment while extracellular virus inactivation is not affected. Transfusion 2002; 42:728-33. [PMID: 12147025 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the potential usefulness of dipyridamole (DIP) in protecting RBCs against the harmful side effects of photodynamic sterilization was demonstrated. In the present study, the use of DIP for selective protection of RBCs was investigated under conditions more relevant for blood bank practice. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS WBC-reduced RBC suspensions (30% Hct) were treated with 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue and red light, and the influence of the inclusion of DIP on photohemolysis was assessed as a function of sensitizer concentration, light dose, and storage time. Furthermore, the possible interference of DIP with inactivation of extracellular virus by use of a panel of different viruses (HIV-1, pseudorabies virus [PRV], bovine viral diarrhea virus [BVDV], VSV, encephalomyocarditis, and canine parvovirus) was investigated. RESULTS In WBC-reduced RBC suspensions (30% Hct), DIP exerted a clear protective effect against photohemolysis. Part of this protection was achieved with concentrations near the dissociation constant for band III binding. Importantly, efficiency of inactivation of extracellular HIV-1, PRV, BVDV, and VSV was not significantly impaired by the inclusion of DIP. Phototreatment conditions, resulting in a 4 to 5 log inactivation of extracellular HIV-1 and PRV, resulted in a high level of hemolysis after 28 days of storage. This long-term hemolysis could be decreased, but not completely prevented, by the inclusion of DIP. CONCLUSION Photohemolysis in RBC concentrates can be reduced substantially by the application of DIP, while the efficacy of inactivation of HIV-1 and other viruses remains unchanged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A J Besselink
- Department of Transfusion Technology, CLB, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
van Bommel J, de Korte D, Lind A, Siegemund M, Trouwborst A, Verhoeven AJ, Ince C, Henny CP. The effect of the transfusion of stored RBCs on intestinal microvascular oxygenation in the rat. Transfusion 2001; 41:1515-23. [PMID: 11778066 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41121515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is known that the transfusion of stored RBCs does not always improve tissue O(2) consumption under conditions of limited tissue oxygenation, the efficiency of O(2) delivery to the microcirculation by stored RBCs has never been determined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In a rat hemorrhagic shock model, the effects of resuscitation with fresh or 28-day-old RBCs stored in CPD plasma, saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol, and CPDA-1 plasma were investigated. Systemic hemodynamic and intestinal oxygenation measures were monitored. Intestinal microvascular PO(2) was determined with the O(2)-dependent quenching of palladium-porphyrin phosphorescence, and the RBC deformability was measured with a Laser-assisted optic rotational cell analyzer. RESULTS Hemodynamic and oxygenation measures were significantly decreased during hemorrhagic shock. Intestinal oxygen consumption and mesenteric venous pO(2) were restored with the transfusion of both fresh and stored RBCs, except for CPD-stored RBCs. The intestinal microvascular pO(2) improved only with the transfusion of fresh RBCs. Deformability of the stored RBCs was significantly decreased. CONCLUSION In contrast to that of fresh RBCs, the transfusion of stored RBCs did not restore the microcirculatory oxygenation, possibly because of impaired O(2) unloading, but, except for CPD-stored RBCs, the storage-induced changes were not enough to impair intestinal VO(2) and mesenteric venous pO(2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J van Bommel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kostelijk EH, Klomp AJ, Engbers GH, Gouwerok CW, Verhoeven AJ, van Aken WG, Feijen J, de Korte D. Improved platelet compatiblity of water vapour glow discharge treated non-woven poly(ethylene terephthalate) leukocyte-reduction filters for different types of platelet concentrates. Transfus Med 2001; 11:199-205. [PMID: 11422950 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3148.2001.00305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-woven poly[ethylene terephthalate] (NW-PET) filter fabric, usually used for leucocyte removal of red cells, was modified by water vapour glow discharge (WVGD) treatment to improve platelet compatibility. Modified filter material was evaluated with different kinds of platelet concentrates (PCs). In addition, modified filter materials were gamma-sterilized and tested after different time intervals at different storage conditions. Modification of the filter material resulted in an improved platelet recovery after filtration of PC from 57 to about 80%. No significant difference in platelet recovery was observed when filtering either freshly prepared (79 +/- 3.5%, mean +/- SD), overnight-stored single BC-PC (78 +/- 3.3%), overnight-stored single PRP-PC (75 +/- 8.8%) or overnight-stored pooled BC-PC (79 +/- 8.9%). However, freshly prepared pooled BC-PC gave a significantly higher platelet recovery (84 +/- 3.5%). Leukocyte depletion did not differ significantly between the different types of PC. gamma-Sterilization and subsequent storage of the modified filter material for 5, 14 and 26 weeks at 20 degrees C or 37 degrees C had no significant influence on the filtration results of overnight-stored pooled BC-PC. The results of the present study show that WVGD-treated NW-PET is platelet compatible and can be used for leucocyte removal from preferably BC-PC. It can be gamma-sterilized and stored for at least 6 months prior to filtration without affecting the platelet recovery and leucocyte removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E H Kostelijk
- Division CLB of Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
During the late-phase asthmatic response eosinophils and neutrophils infiltrate the lungs and cause severe damage. In this study, we investigated in vitro the migration of eosinophils, in the absence and presence of neutrophils, across a monolayer of lung H292 epithelial cells. The migration of eosinophils towards the complement fragment 5a (C5a) was increased when neutrophils were added to the upper compartment of the Transwells, and decreased when neutrophils were added to the lower compartment. Moreover, neutrophils exclusively stimulated eosinophil migration towards C5a, and not towards other chemoattractants such as RANTES, IL-8 or PAF. Neutrophils and eosinophils differed in that neutrophils, but not eosinophils, rapidly inactivated C5a, suggesting that neutrophils in the upper compartment remove part of the active C5a that has diffused into the upper compartment. Indeed, we found that the addition of other C5a-degrading agents, such as human serum or carboxypeptidase B, also enhanced eosinophil migration when added to the upper compartment and decreased migration when added to the lower compartment. Taken together, these results indicate that the presence of neutrophils influences the migratory behaviour of eosinophils in vitro. The neutrophils presumably maintain a proper C5a chemotactic gradient in the transmigration model, which results in enhanced eosinophil chemotaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Zuurbier
- Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Blood Transfusion Service, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kostelijk EH, Folman CC, Gouwerok CW, Kramer CM, Verhoeven AJ, de Korte D. Increase in glycocalicin levels in platelet concentrates stored in plasma or synthetic medium for 8 days: comparison with other platelet activation markers. Vox Sang 2001; 79:21-6. [PMID: 10971210 DOI: 10.1159/000031201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Glycocalicin (GC) is a proteolytic fragment of GpIb and can conveniently be measured in supernatants of platelet concentrates (PCs) by means of a sandwich ELISA. Because of the convenience of the assay and easy sample storage, we tested its suitability as a sensitive platelet activation parameter during PC storage. MATERIAL AND METHODS Filtered PCs in plasma or additive solution were made from 5 pooled buffy coats and were subsequently stored during 8 days at 22+/-2 degrees C. Correlation coefficients (r) were calculated after comparison of GC levels with platelet parameters. RESULTS A significant increase in GC concentration was found on all subsequent sampling days. PC stored in plasma showed GC levels that correlated well with the soluble P-selectin levels (r = 0.7506), P-selectin (CD62P) expression on platelet membranes (r = 0. 8843), morphology scores according to Kunicki (r = -0.7102), lactate concentrations (r = 0.9216), glucose concentrations (r = -0.8913) and beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) concentrations (r = 0.8913). In PCs stored in additive solution, the correlation coefficients with these markers were 0.9209 with soluble P-selectin, 0.7161 with CD62P expression, -0.7474 with morphology score, -0.8908 with glucose concentrations, 0.8923 with lactate concentrations and 0.8908 with beta-TG concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The GC concentration correlates well with sensitive platelet (activation) parameters, rendering it a sensitive and convenient parameter for platelet activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E H Kostelijk
- CLB, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Department of Transfusion Technology, Laboratory for Experimental and Clinical Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Botma GJ, Verhoeven AJ, Jansen H. Hepatic lipase promoter activity is reduced by the C-480T and G-216A substitutions present in the common LIPC gene variant, and is increased by Upstream Stimulatory Factor. Atherosclerosis 2001; 154:625-32. [PMID: 11257263 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)00478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The common -216G-->A and -480C-->T substitutions in the promoter region of the human hepatic lipase (LIPC) gene show high allelic association, and are correlated with decreased hepatic lipase activity and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. To test the functionality of these substitutions, CAT-reporter assays were performed in HepG2 cells. LIPC (-650/+48) but not (-650/+61) promoter constructs showed transcriptional activity. LIPC (-650/+48) constructs with both -216A and -480T exhibited significantly lower promoter activity (-45%) than the wild-type form. Activities of -289/+48 constructs were not significantly affected by the -216G-->A substitution. The -480C/T site lies within a binding region for Upstream Stimulatory Factor (USF). Gel-shift assays showed that the binding affinity of USF protein for HL specific oligonucleotides was decreased four-fold by the -480C-->T substitution. However, promoter activity of the -650/+48 constructs was not significantly affected by the -480C-->T substitution alone. Co-transfection of HepG2 cells with USF(43) cDNA yielded a similar dose-dependent increase in activity of all -650/+48 constructs; the absolute difference in promoter activity increased but the relative difference between the variant promoter forms was maintained. Our studies demonstrate that the common LIPC promoter variation is functional, which explains the association of the -480T allele with a lower hepatic lipase activity in man.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G J Botma
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute (COEUR), Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
vanSteveninck J, Trannoy LL, Besselink GA, Dubbelman TM, Brand A, de Korte D, Verhoeven AJ, Lagerberg JW. Selective protection of RBCs against photodynamic damage by the band 3 ligand dipyridamole. Transfusion 2000; 40:1330-6. [PMID: 11099660 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40111330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All studied photosensitizers for virus inactivation impair RBCs. To reduce damage to the RBCs without affecting virucidal activity, selective protection of the RBCs is necessary. The ability of the band 3 ligand, dipyridamole, to react with singlet oxygen and to increase the selectivity of photosterilization was investigated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Solutions of dipyridamole were illuminated in the presence of tetrasulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPcS(4)) and dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB). Solutions of amino acids, RBCs, and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in RBC suspensions were photodynamically treated in the presence or absence of dipyridamole. RESULTS Illumination of a solution of dipyridamole in the presence of AlPcS(4) or DMMB resulted in changes in the optical spectrum of dipyridamole. The photooxidation of dipyridamole was inhibited by azide and augmented by D(2)O, which suggests the involvement of singlet oxygen. Photooxidation of amino acids and photodamage to RBCs was strongly reduced in the presence of dipyridamole. In contrast, photoinactivation of VSV in RBC suspensions was only slightly affected by dipyridamole. CONCLUSION Dipyridamole can improve the specificity of photodynamic sterilization of RBC concentrates, thereby increasing the practical applicability of this photodecontamination method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J vanSteveninck
- Departments of Molecular Cell Biology and of Immunohematology & Bloodbank, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sijtsema NM, Tibbe AG, Segers-Nolten IG, Verhoeven AJ, Weening RS, Greve J, Otto C. Intracellular reactions in single human granulocytes upon phorbol myristate acetate activation using confocal Raman microspectroscopy. Biophys J 2000; 78:2606-13. [PMID: 10777757 PMCID: PMC1300850 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(00)76805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have obtained new evidence for the occurrence of intracellular NADPH-oxidase activity in neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes upon stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). PMA activation leads to a partial translocation of cytochrome b(558) from the membranes of the specific granules to the plasma membrane. It was suggested that NADPH-oxidase activity only takes place in the plasma membrane, leading to an extracellular release of oxygen metabolites because cellular self-destruction can be avoided in this way. The effects of PMA activation were indirectly studied in recent experiments employing scavengers of extracellular superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, and support for intracellular NADPH-oxidase activity was obtained. In this paper we use Raman microspectroscopy as a direct method to study intracellular molecular reactions that result from cellular triggering by PMA. The molecular specificity of this microscopic method enables us to show that intracellular reduction of both myeloperoxidase (MPO) and cytochrome b(558) occurs in neutrophilic granulocytes. Control measurements with cytochrome b(558)-deficient neutrophilic granulocytes did not show a reduction of intracellular MPO. This is direct support for the occurrence of intracellular NADPH-oxidase activity in organelles that must be in close contact with the azurophilic granules that contain MPO. Furthermore, a comparison was made with chemical reactions occurring in eosinophilic granulocytes after activation with PMA. Moreover, in these cells an intracellular reduction of eosinophil peroxidase was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N M Sijtsema
- University of Twente, Institute for Biomedical Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Applied Optics Group (TOP), 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Verhoeven AJ, Neve BP, Jansen H. Intracellular activation of rat hepatic lipase requires transport to the Golgi compartment and is associated with a decrease in sedimentation velocity. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:9332-9. [PMID: 10734075 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.13.9332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic lipase (HL) is an N-glycoprotein that acquires triglyceridase activity somewhere during maturation and secretion. To determine where and how HL becomes activated, the effect of drugs that interfere with maturation and intracellular transport of HL protein was studied using freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), castanospermine, monensin, and colchicin all inhibited secretion of HL without affecting its specific enzyme activity. The specific enzyme activity of intracellular HL was decreased by 25-50% upon incubation with CCCP or castanospermine, and increased 2-fold with monensin and colchicin. Glucose trimming of HL protein was not affected by CCCP, as indicated by digestion of immunoprecipitates with jack bean alpha-mannosidase. Pulse labeling experiments with [(35)S]methionine indicated that conversion of the 53-kDa precursor to the 58-kDa form, nor the development of endoglycosidase H-resistance, were essential for acquisition of enzyme activity. In sucrose gradients, HL protein from secretion media sedimented as a homogeneous band of about 5.8 S, whereas HL protein from the cell lysates migrated as a broad band extending from 5.8 S to more than 8 S. With both sources, HL activity was exclusively associated with the 5.8 S HL protein form. We conclude that glucose trimming of HL protein in the endoplasmic reticulum is not sufficient for activation; full activation occurs during or after transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi and is associated with a decrease in sedimentation velocity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Verhoeven
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute (COEUR), Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bleeker WK, Teeling JL, Verhoeven AJ, Rigter GM, Agterberg J, Tool AT, Koenderman AH, Kuijpers TW, Hack CE. Vasoactive side effects of intravenous immunoglobulin preparations in a rat model and their treatment with recombinant platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase. Blood 2000; 95:1856-61. [PMID: 10688848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we observed in a rat model that intravenous administration of intramuscular immunoglobulin preparations induced a long-lasting hypotension, which appeared to be associated with the presence of IgG polymers and dimers in the preparations, but unrelated to complement activation. We found evidence that this hypotensive response is mediated by platelet-activating factor (PAF) produced by macrophages. In this study, we compared the vasoactive effects of 16 intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) products from 10 different manufacturers, in anesthetized rats. Eight of the IVIG preparations showed no hypotensive effects (less than 15% decrease), whereas the other 8 had relatively strong effects (15%-50% decrease). The hypotensive effects correlated with the IgG dimer content of the preparations. Pretreatment of the rats with recombinant PAF acetylhydrolase completely prevented the hypotensive reaction on IVIG infusion, and administration after the onset of hypotension resulted in normalization of the blood pressure. We also observed PAF production on in vitro incubation of human neutrophils with IVIG, which could be blocked by anti-Fcgamma receptor antibodies. This indicates that induction of PAF generation may also occur in a human system. Our findings support the hypothesis that the clinical side effects of IVIG in patients may be caused by macrophage and neutrophil activation through interaction of IgG dimers with Fcgamma receptors. Because phagocyte activation may also lead to the release of other inflammatory mediators, recombinant PAF acetylhydrolase (rPAF-AH) provides a useful tool to determine whether PAF plays a role in the clinical side effects of IVIG. If so, rPAF-AH can be used for the treatment of those adverse reactions. (Blood. 2000;95:1856-1861)
Collapse
|
28
|
Leusen JH, Meischl C, Eppink MH, Hilarius PM, de Boer M, Weening RS, Ahlin A, Sanders L, Goldblatt D, Skopczynska H, Bernatowska E, Palmblad J, Verhoeven AJ, van Berkel WJ, Roos D. Four novel mutations in the gene encoding gp91-phox of human NADPH oxidase: consequences for oxidase assembly. Blood 2000; 95:666-73. [PMID: 10627478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The superoxide-forming nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced (NADPH) oxidase of human phagocytes comprises membrane-bound and cytosolic proteins, which, upon cell activation, assemble on the plasma membrane to form the active enzyme. Patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) are defective in one of the phagocyte oxidase (phox) components, p47-phox or p67-phox, which reside in the cytosol of resting phagocytes, or gp91-phox or p22-phox, which constitute the membrane-bound cytochrome b(558). In four X-linked CGD patients we have identified novel missense mutations in CYBB, the gene encoding gp91-phox. These mutations were associated with normal amounts of nonfunctional cytochrome b(558) in the patients' neutrophils. In phorbol-myristate-stimulated neutrophils and in a cell-free translocation assay with neutrophil membranes and cytosol, the association of p47-phox and p67-phox with the membrane fraction of the cells with Cys369-->Arg, Gly408-->Glu, and Glu568--> Lys substitutions was strongly disturbed. Only a Thr341-->Lys substitution, residing in a region of gp91-phox involved in flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) binding, supported a normal translocation. Thus, the introduction or reversal of charge at residues 369, 408, and 568 in gp91-phox destroys the correct binding of p47-phox and p67-phox to cytochrome b(558). Based on mutagenesis studies of structurally related flavin-dependent oxidoreductases, we propose that the Thr341-->Lys substitution results in impaired hydride transfer from NADPH to FAD. Because we found no electron transfer in solubilized neutrophil plasma membranes from any of the four patients, we conclude that all four amino acid replacements are critical for electron transfer. Apparently, an intimate relation exists between domains of gp91-phox involved in electron transfer and in p47/p67-phox binding. (Blood. 2000;95:666-673)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Leusen
- Central Laboratory of The Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, the Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Immunology, and the Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Verhoeven AJ, Visser G, van Zwieten R, Gruszczynska B, Tien Poll-The DW, Smit GP. A convenient diagnostic function test of peripheral blood neutrophils in glycogen storage disease type Ib. Pediatr Res 1999; 45:881-5. [PMID: 10367783 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-199906000-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils from patients suffering from glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD-Ib) show several defects. one of which is a decreased rate of glucose utilization. In this study, we established experimental conditions to show the stimulation of the neutrophil respiratory burst by extracellular glucose. With phorbol-myristate-acetate as stimulus of the burst, the activity of the NADPH oxidase in GSD-Ib neutrophils hardly increased on addition of glucose. In control and GSD-type Ia neutrophils, a clear increase was observed. The lack of response to extracellular glucose in GSD-Ib neutrophils is correlated with the inability to raise intracellular glucose-6-P levels on glucose addition, thereby limiting the activity of the generation of NADPH in the hexose-monophosphate shunt. Our study shows the usefulness of this test for the diagnosis of neutrophil function abnormality in GSD-Ib patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Verhoeven
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation and Laboratory for Experimental and Clinical Immunology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tool AT, Blom M, Roos D, Verhoeven AJ. Phospholipase D-derived phosphatidic acid is involved in the activation of the CD11b/CD18 integrin in human eosinophils. Biochem J 1999; 340 ( Pt 1):95-101. [PMID: 10229663 PMCID: PMC1220226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Priming of human eosinophils is an essential event for the respiratory burst induced by serum-opsonized particles [serum-treated zymosan (STZ)]. In this study we have found that treatment of eosinophils with platelet-activating factor (PAF) leads to activation of phospholipase D. Inhibition of the formation of phospholipase D-derived products by ethanol resulted in about 90% inhibition of PAF-induced binding of fluorescent STZ particles to the cells, but only when ethanol was added to the cells before treatment with PAF. When ethanol was added after treatment with PAF, only a minor inhibition of the STZ binding and STZ-induced response was observed. These results indicate that phospholipase D-derived phosphatidic acid is involved in PAF priming, without having an effect on STZ stimulation. In the presence of propranolol, which inhibits phosphatidic acid-phosphatase activity, binding of STZ particles to human eosinophils induced by suboptimal concentrations of PAF was enhanced, indicating that phosphatidic acid and not diradylglyceride is the relevant molecule derived from phospholipase D activity. Addition of cell-permeant diC8-phosphatidic acid (DiC8-PA) to human eosinophils resulted in CD11b/CD18-dependent adhesion, both to STZ particles and fibronectin-coated wells, without significant upregulation of CD11b/CD18. The DiC8-PA-induced adhesion was not mediated via the fatty acid moiety, because other C8-lipids such as 1,2-diC8-phosphatidylcholine, 1-C8-monoacylglycerol or C8-ceramide were without effect. Activation of protein kinase C with PMA or 1,2-diC8-diacylglycerol did result in enhanced STZ binding. However, under these latter conditions upregulation of CD11b/CD18 was observed. Taken together, these results suggest that phospholipase D-derived PA is involved in changing the affinity of the CD11b/CD18 integrin for its ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A T Tool
- Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service and Laboratory for Experimental and Clinical Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Verhoeven AJ, Neve BP, Jansen H. Secretion and apparent activation of human hepatic lipase requires proper oligosaccharide processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. Biochem J 1999; 337 ( Pt 1):133-40. [PMID: 9854035 PMCID: PMC1219946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Human hepatic lipase (HL) is a glycoprotein with four N-linked oligosaccharide side chains. The importance of glycosylation for the secretion of catalytically active HL was studied in HepG2 cells by using inhibitors of intracellular trafficking, N-glycosylation and oligosaccharide processing. Secretion of HL was inhibited by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), monensin, brefeldin A (BFA), tunicamycin, castanospermine and N-methyldeoxynojirimycin, but not by 1-deoxymannojirimycin. Secretion of alpha1-antitrypsin, an unrelated N-glycoprotein, was also inhibited by monensin, BFA and tunicamycin, but not by CCCP, castanospermine or N-methyldeoxynojirimycin. Intracellular HL activity decreased with CCCP, tunicamycin, castanospermine and N-methyldeoxynojirimycin, but increased with monensin and BFA. In the absence of protein synthesis de novo, HL activity secreted into the medium was 7.8+/-2.1-fold higher (mean+/-S.D., n=7) than the simultaneous fall in intracellular HL activity. In cells pretreated with monensin or BFA, this factor decreased to 1.3+/-0.5, indicating that the apparent increase in HL activity had already occurred within these cells. After chromatography on Sepharose-heparin, the specific triacylglycerol hydrolase activity of secreted HL was only 1.7+/-0. 3-fold higher than that of intracellular HL, indicating that the secretion-coupled increase in HL activity is only partly explained by true activation. We conclude that oligosaccharide processing by glucosidases in the endoplasmic reticulum is necessary for the transport of newly synthesized human HL, but not alpha1-antitrypsin, to the Golgi, where the catalytic activity of HL is unmasked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Verhoeven
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute (COEUR), Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dooren MC, Ouwehand WH, Verhoeven AJ, von dem Borne AE, Kuijpers RW. Adult respiratory distress syndrome after experimental intravenous gamma-globulin concentrate and monocyte-reactive IgG antibodies. Lancet 1998; 352:1601-2. [PMID: 9843115 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)61049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
33
|
Liu L, Zuurbier AE, Mul FP, Verhoeven AJ, Lutter R, Knol EF, Roos D. Triple role of platelet-activating factor in eosinophil migration across monolayers of lung epithelial cells: eosinophil chemoattractant and priming agent and epithelial cell activator. J Immunol 1998; 161:3064-70. [PMID: 9743372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Infiltration of eosinophils into the lung lumen is a hallmark of allergic asthmatic inflammation. To reach the lung lumen, eosinophils must migrate across the vascular endothelium, through the interstitial matrix, and across the lung epithelium. The regulation of this process is obscure. In this study, we investigated the migration of human eosinophils across confluent monolayers of either human lung H292 epithelial cells or primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Established eosinophil chemoattractants (IL-8, RANTES, platelet-activating factor (PAF), leukotriene B4, and complement fragment 5a (C5a)) or activation of the epithelial cells with IL-1beta induced little eosinophil transmigration (<7% in 2 h). In contrast, addition of PAF in combination with C5a induced extensive (>20%) transepithelial migration of unprimed and IL-5-primed eosinophils. Eosinophil migration assessed in a Boyden chamber assay, i.e., without an epithelial monolayer, was only slightly increased upon addition of PAF and C5a. Preincubation of eosinophils with the PAF receptor antagonist WEB 2086 only inhibited migration of unprimed eosinophils toward PAF and C5a, whereas preincubation of epithelial cells with WEB 2086 abolished migration of both IL-5-primed and unprimed eosinophils. This latter result indicated the presence of PAF receptors on epithelial cells. Indeed, addition of PAF to epithelial cells induced an increase in cytosolic free Ca2+, which was blocked by the PAF receptor antagonists WEB 2086 and TCV-309. Our results show that PAF induces permissive changes in epithelial cells, and that PAF acts as a chemoattractant and priming agent for the eosinophils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Central Laboratory of The Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sijtsema NM, Otto C, Segers-Nolten GM, Verhoeven AJ, Greve J. Resonance Raman microspectroscopy of myeloperoxidase and cytochrome b558 in human neutrophilic granulocytes. Biophys J 1998; 74:3250-5. [PMID: 9635778 PMCID: PMC1299665 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(98)78031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With (resonance) Raman microscospectroscopy, it is possible to investigate the chemical constitution of a very small volume (0.5 fl) in a living cell. We have measured resonance Raman spectra in the cytoplasm of living normal, myeloperoxidase (MPO)-deficient, and cytochrome b558-deficient neutrophils and in isolated specific and azurophilic granule fractions, using an excitation wavelength of 413.1 nm. Similar experiments were performed after reduction of the redox centers by the addition of sodium dithionite. The specific and azurophilic granules in both redox states appeared to have clearly distinguishable Raman spectra when exciting at a wavelength of 413.1 nm. The azurophilic granules and the cytochrome b558-deficient neutrophils showed Raman spectra similar to that of the isolated MPO. The spectra of the specific granules and the MPO-deficient neutrophils corresponded very well to published cytochrome b558 spectra. The resonance Raman spectrum of the cytoplasmic region of normal neutrophilic granulocytes could be fitted with a combination of the spectra of the specific and azurophilic granules, which shows that the Raman signal of neutrophilic granulocytes mainly originates from MPO and cytochrome b558, at an excitation wavelength of 413.1 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N M Sijtsema
- Department of Applied Physics, Institute for Biomedical Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Affiliation(s)
- G Visser
- Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lie WJ, Mul FP, Roos D, Verhoeven AJ, Knol EF. Degranulation of human basophils by picomolar concentrations of IL-3, IL-5, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998; 101:683-90. [PMID: 9600507 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(98)70178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In most secretory cells, an increase in the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) is associated with the exocytosis response. In this study we have evaluated the effect of thapsigargin on histamine release from purified (70% to 97% pure) human basophils of nonallergic donors. Thapsigargin (2 micromol/L), by inhibiting the uptake of Ca2+ in the stores of the endoplasmic reticulum, leads within 1 minute to a gradual increase in [Ca2+]i in human basophils. Incubation of basophils with thapsigargin by itself induced only a very small release of histamine (5.6% +/- 1.8%). However, under suboptimal conditions of stimulation with other agonists, preincubation of basophils with thapsigargin significantly enhanced histamine release. Most strikingly, addition of thapsigargin made basophils extremely sensitive for histamine release induced by IL-3 (maximum histamine release, 71% +/- 7%), IL-5 (maximum histamine release, 43% +/- 8%), or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (maximum histamine release, 57% +/- 10%). These cytokines by themselves did not induce histamine release in purified basophils. The effect of thapsigargin was mimicked to a limited extent by addition of platelet-activating factor. We conclude that depletion of the Ca2+ stores may be a critical event in the activation of receptor-mediated histamine release in human basophils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W J Lie
- Central Laboratory of The Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Blom M, Tool AT, Wever PC, Wolbink GJ, Brouwer MC, Calafat J, Egesten A, Knol EF, Hack CE, Roos D, Verhoeven AJ. Human eosinophils express, relative to other circulating leukocytes, large amounts of secretory 14-kD phospholipase A2. Blood 1998; 91:3037-43. [PMID: 9531617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human eosinophils perform several functions dependent on phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity, most notably the synthesis of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4). Several forms of PLA2 have been identified in mammalian cells. In the present study, the 14-kD, secretory form of PLA2 was detected in human eosinophils by immunocytochemical staining with the specific monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 4A1. In contrast, preparations of neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and basophils did not show detectable staining. With two MoAbs in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), large amounts of sPLA2 were detected in lysates of eosinophils, that were 20-fold to 100-fold higher than in the other circulating leukocytes (ie, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes). In addition, with a commercially available sPLA2 activity assay kit, we were able to show high activity of sPLA2 in human eosinophils relative to neutrophils. Investigations at the ultrastructural level showed that sPLA2 in eosinophils is mainly located in specific granules. Immunoelectron microscopy also visualized sPLA2 within phagosomes after addition of opsonized particles to the eosinophils. However, sPLA2 was not detected in the cell-free supernatants of activated eosinophils, in contrast to eosinophil-cationic protein (ECP), which colocalizes with sPLA2 in resting eosinophils. These findings warrant further studies into the role of sPLA2 in eosinophil function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Blom
- Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Neve BP, Verhoeven AJ, Kalkman I, Jansen H. Maturation and secretion of rat hepatic lipase is inhibited by alpha1B-adrenergic stimulation through changes in Ca2+ homoeostasis: thapsigargin and EGTA both mimic the effect of adrenaline. Biochem J 1998; 330 ( Pt 2):701-6. [PMID: 9480878 PMCID: PMC1219193 DOI: 10.1042/bj3300701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In rats, the daily changes in hepatic lipase (HL) activity in the liver follow the diurnal rhythm of the catecholamines. To study the underlying mechanism, the effect of adrenaline on maturation and secretion of HL was determined in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Adrenaline (10 microM) acutely inhibited the secretion of HL. This effect was abolished by 0.1 microM prazosin, but not by 1 microM propranolol, indicating the involvement of the alpha1-adrenergic pathway. Prazosin was at least 1000-fold more potent than WB4101, a selective alpha1A-antagonist. Adrenaline had no effect on HL secretion in hepatocytes pretreated with chloroethylclonidine, an irreversible alpha1B-selective antagonist. Inhibition of HL was not induced by 10 microM methoxamine, a alpha1A-selective agonist. Thus, adrenaline inhibited HL secretion through activation of the alpha1-adrenoceptors subtype B, which have been shown to signal through Ca2+ as well as cAMP. A similar reduction in HL secretion was induced by the Ca2+-mobilizing hormones angiotensin II (100 nM) and vasopressin (12 nM), the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 (2 microM), and by thapsigargin (1 microM), which inhibits the ER Ca2+-ATPase pump. HL secretion was unaffected by elevating cAMP with 10 microM forskolin or 1 microM 8-Br-cAMP. These results suggest that the alpha1B-adrenergic effects on HL expression are mainly mediated through elevation of intracellular Ca2+. Chelation of extracellular Ca2+ and subsequent lowering of intracellular Ca2+ with EGTA also inhibited HL secretion. In pulse-chase experiments, adrenaline was shown to inhibit the maturation of HL from the 53 kDa, Endo H-sensitive precursor to the Endo H-resistant, catalytically active protein of 58 kDa. In addition, adrenaline induced intracellular degradation of newly synthesized HL. Similar post-translational effects, both qualitatively and quantitatively, were observed with A23187, thapsigargin and EGTA. We conclude that the inhibition of HL maturation and increase in intracellular degradation induced by catecholamines, A23187, thapsigargin and EGTA is evoked by changes in Ca2+ homoeostasis, possibly through lowering ER Ca2+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B P Neve
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
van der Bruggen T, Kanters D, Tool AT, Raaijmakers JA, Lammers JW, Verhoeven AJ, Koenderman L. Cytokine-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation is essential for cytokine priming of human eosinophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998; 101:103-9. [PMID: 9449508 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(98)70200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human eosinophils are strongly modulated by the eosinophilotrophic cytokines IL-5, IL-3, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). A clear intracellular effect of these cytokines is the induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple cellular substrates. However, the relevance of tyrosine phosphorylation for eosinophil functioning has not been established. OBJECTIVE In this study we have investigated dose-response and time curves of IL-5-, IL-3-, and GM-CSF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation in eosinophils. Moreover, we have evaluated the importance of IL-5-induced tyrosine phosphorylation for priming of human eosinophils. METHODS Cytokine-induced tyrosine phosphorylation was monitored on western blot with an antiphosphotyrosine antibody (4G10). To probe the relevance of tyrosine phosphorylation for priming, eosinophils were primed with IL-5 in the presence of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A. Platelet activating factor (PAF) was used as a control priming agent. Subsequently, the eosinophils were incubated with serum-treated zymosan (STZ) to activate the respiratory burst. Binding of STZ was determined by FACS analysis. RESULTS IL-5-, IL-3-, and GM-CSF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation was found at concentrations that primed eosinophil effector mechanism (median effective dose values: approximately 5.10(-11) mol/L, approximately 5.10(-10) mol/L, and approximately 5.10(-12) mol/L for IL-5, IL-3, and GM-CSF, respectively). Cytokine-induced tyrosine phosphorylation was transient with an optimum value at 15 minutes. IL-5 priming of STZ-induced activation of the respiratory burst was blocked by herbimycin A, whereas PAF still primed this response. In fact, herbimycin A inhibited IL-5 priming of STZ binding to human eosinophils. On the other hand, PAF priming of STZ binding was not affected by herbimycin A. Both IL-5-induced and PAF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation were inhibited by herbimycin A. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate for the first time that IL-5 priming of opsonized particle-induced responses is mediated by tyrosine kinase activity in human eosinophils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T van der Bruggen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Affiliation(s)
- A J Verhoeven
- Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jansen H, Verhoeven AJ, Weeks L, Kastelein JJ, Halley DJ, van den Ouweland A, Jukema JW, Seidell JC, Birkenhäger JC. Common C-to-T substitution at position -480 of the hepatic lipase promoter associated with a lowered lipase activity in coronary artery disease patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17:2837-42. [PMID: 9409263 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.17.11.2837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied the molecular basis of low hepatic lipase (HL) activity in normolipidemic male patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease (CAD). In 18 subjects with a lowered HL activity (< 225 mU/mL), all nine exons of the HL gene and part of the promoter region (nucleotides -524 to +7) were sequenced. No structural mutations in the coding part of the HL gene were found, but 50% of the subjects showed a C-to-T substitution at nucleotide -480. Screening for the base substitution in 782 patients yielded an allele frequency of 0.213 (297 heterozygotes, 18 homozygotes). In a group of 316 nonsymptomatic control subjects, the allele frequency was 0.189, which is significantly less than in the CAD patients (P = .035). In the CAD patients, the C-to-T substitution was associated with a lowered lipase activity (heterozygotes -15%, homozygotes -20%). The patients were divided into quartiles on the basis of HL activity. Sixty percent (allele frequency 0.32) of the patients in the lowest quartile (HL activity < 306 mU/mL) had the gene variant against 27% (allele frequency 0.14) in the highest quartile (HL activity > 466 mU/mL). In the noncarriers, but not in the carriers, HL activity was related with plasma insulin, being increased at higher insulin concentration. Homozygous carriers had a significantly higher HDL cholesterol level-than noncarriers (1.13 +/- 0.28 mmol/L versus 0.92 +/- 0.22 mmol/L, P < .02). Our results show that a C-to-T substitution at -480 of the HL promoter is associated with a lowered HL activity. The base substitution, or a closely linked gene variation, may contribute to the variation in HL activity and affect plasma lipoprotein metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kuijpers TW, Van Lier RA, Hamann D, de Boer M, Thung LY, Weening RS, Verhoeven AJ, Roos D. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD-1)/variant. A novel immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by dysfunctional beta2 integrins. J Clin Invest 1997; 100:1725-33. [PMID: 9312170 PMCID: PMC508355 DOI: 10.1172/jci119697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is characterized by the inability of leukocytes, in particular neutrophilic granulocytes, to emigrate from the bloodstream towards sites of inflammation. Infectious foci are nonpurulent and may eventually become necrotic because of abnormal wound healing. LAD-1 is characterized by the absence of the beta2 integrins (CD11/CD18) on leukocytes. When expression is completely absent, patients often die within the first year. However, low levels of beta2 expression may result in a milder clinical picture of recurrent infection, which offers a better prognosis. In this paper, we describe the in vivo and in vitro findings on a patient with clinical features of a mild LAD-1 disorder, i.e., suffering from bacterial infections without apparent pus formation in the presence of a striking granulocytosis, showing no delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction upon skin testing, no specific antibody generation, but normal in vitro T cell proliferation responses after immunization. Expression levels of CD11/CD18 proteins were completely normal, but leukocyte activation did not result in CD11/ CD18 activation and high-avidity ligand-binding. In vitro chemotaxis and endothelial transmigration of the neutrophils as well as leukocyte aggregation responses were almost absent. On the other hand, beta1 and beta3 integrin-mediated adhesion functions were completely normal. During follow-up, a bleeding tendency related to decreased beta3 activation became clinically apparent, different from previously described cellular adhesion molecule variants. Therefore, this is the first well-documented case of a clinical combined immunodeficiency syndrome that results from nonfunctional CD11/CD18 molecules, and thus designated LAD-1/ variant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Fc gammaRIIIb is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPI)-anchored, low-affinity IgG receptor, expressed exclusively on human neutrophils. Upon activation or apoptosis of neutrophils, Fc gammaRIIIb is shed from the cell surface, but the enzyme(s) responsible for this process is (are) still unknown. Recently, metalloproteases have been suggested to mediate the shedding of cell surface proteins such as L-selectin and TNF-alpha. Using hydroxamic acid-based inhibitors of this class of proteases (BB-3103, Ro31-9790), we have observed a clear inhibitory effect on Fc gammaRIIIb shedding after PMA stimulation of neutrophils or induction of apoptosis. These inhibitors did not affect PMA-induced degranulation or superoxide generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Middelhoven
- Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, and University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Verrijt CE, Kroos MJ, Verhoeven AJ, van Eijk HG, van Dijk JP. Transferrin in cultured human term cytotrophoblast cells: synthesis and heterogeneity. Mol Cell Biochem 1997; 173:177-81. [PMID: 9278269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Transferrin (Tf) mRNA was recently demonstrated in rat and mouse placental tissue. Rat placental cells were shown to secrete transferrin. The cell type with which Tf mRNA was associated was not investigated. We therefore studied the ability of immunopurified human term cytotrophoblast cells in culture to synthesize Tf, by means of pulse-label experiments with 35S-methionine and report that these cells do synthesize Tf. Tf mRNA was demonstrated in the cell lysates by means of RT-PCR. Tf isolated from cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cells was shown to be different from both maternal and fetal serum Tf with respect to the distribution of isoforms as demonstrated by means of iso-electric focusing. The iso-electric points were found at lower pH values (pH 5.0-5.4), compared to the iso-electric points of maternal and fetal serum Tf, suggesting a higher degree of sialylation and glycan chain complexity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C E Verrijt
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ibarrola I, Vossebeld PJ, Homburg CH, Thelen M, Roos D, Verhoeven AJ. Influence of tyrosine phosphorylation on protein interaction with FcgammaRIIa. Biochim Biophys Acta 1997; 1357:348-58. [PMID: 9268059 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(97)00034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic tail of Fc(gamma)RIIa present on human neutrophils shares with other antigen receptors a common amino acid sequence called ITAM (Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Activation Motif). After receptor ligation, the tyrosine residues within this motif become phosphorylated. We prepared a recombinant fusion protein of the cytoplasmic tail of Fc(gamma)RIIa (containing the ITAM) with glutathione-S-Transferase (GST-CT) to characterize the phosphorylation of Fc(gamma)RIIa and its ability to interact with other proteins involved in signal transduction. The GST-CT became phosphorylated in the presence of Lyn, Hck and Syk (immunoprecipitated from human neutrophils), but not in the presence of Fgr. Of the active kinases, only Lyn (mainly present in the membrane fraction) was found to associate with the GST-CT in the absence of ATP. This association was also observed in immunoprecipitates of Fc(gamma)RIIa from resting neutrophils, suggesting that Lyn might be the kinase responsible for the initial Fc(gamma)RIIa phosphorylation. Moreover, we observed specific association of Syk and the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase after incubation of the GST-CT with neutrophil cytosol. This interaction was dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation of the GST-CT. Substitution of 269Tyr by Phe almost completely abolished tyrosine phosphorylation of the fusion protein. Substitution of either 253Tyr or 269Tyr eliminated Syk binding, but only 253Tyr appeared to be essential for p85 binding. We hypothesize that, upon activation, the membrane-associated Lyn is responsible for the initial tyrosine phosphorylation of Fc(gamma)RIIa, thus creating a docking site for Syk and PI 3-kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Ibarrola
- Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, University of Amsterdam
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Neve BP, Hoogerbrugge N, Verhoeven AJ, Birkenhäger JC, Jansen H. Growth hormone restores hepatic lipase mRNA levels but the translation is impaired in hepatocytes of hypothyroid rats. Biochim Biophys Acta 1997; 1345:172-9. [PMID: 9106496 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2760(96)00173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
During hypothyroidism, hepatic lipase (HL) activity is decreased. The low HL may be due to thyroid hormone insufficiency or to the concomitant fall in growth hormone (GH) activity. We studied HL expression in hepatocytes freshly isolated from hypothyroid rats with and without additional GH-substitution. In all animals HL mRNA was detected by RT-PCR in the hepatocytes, but not in the non-parenchymal cells. In hypothyroid cells HL mRNA levels were reduced by 40%, and the in vitro secretion of HL-activity and HL-protein was decreased by about 50%. In cells from GH-substituted hypothyroid rats, HL mRNA level was normalised, but the secretion of HL remained low. The specific enzyme activity of secreted HL was similar under all conditions. The discrepancy between HL mRNA and HL secretion in GH-supplemented rats may be due to (post)translational effects. Therefore we studied the HL synthesis and maturation in hepatocytes from hypothyroid and GH-substituted rats. Pulse-labelling experiments with [(35)S]methionine showed that the incorporation of [(35)S]methionine into HL protein was lower both in hypothyroid cells and in GH-supplemented cells than in control cells. During the subsequent chase, the intracellular processing and transport of newly synthesized HL protein in the hepatocytes from hypothyroid rats, whether or not supplemented with GH, was similar to control cells. We conclude that in livers of hypothyroid, GH-substituted rats translation of HL mRNA is inhibited despite restoration of HL mRNA levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B P Neve
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Vossebeld PJ, Homburg CH, Schweizer RC, Ibarrola I, Kessler J, Koenderman L, Roos D, Verhoeven AJ. Tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent activation of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase occurs upstream of Ca2+-signalling induced by Fcgamma receptor cross-linking in human neutrophils. Biochem J 1997; 323 ( Pt 1):87-94. [PMID: 9173906 PMCID: PMC1218319 DOI: 10.1042/bj3230087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of wortmannin on IgG-receptor (FcgammaR)-mediated stimulation of human neutrophils was investigated. The Ca2+ influx induced by clustering of both Fcgamma receptors was inhibited by wortmannin, as was the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. Wortmannin also inhibited, with the same efficacy, the accumulation of Ins(1,4,5)P3 observed after FcgammaR stimulation, but did not affect the increase in Ins(1,4,5)P3 induced by the chemotactic peptide, formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine. Because wortmannin is, in the concentrations used here, an inhibitor of PtdIns 3-kinase, these results suggested a role for PtdIns 3-kinase upstream of Ca2+ signalling, induced by FcgammaR cross-linking. Support for this notion was obtained by investigating the effect of another inhibitor of PtdIns 3-kinase, LY 294002, and by studying the kinetics of PtdIns 3-kinase activation. We found translocation of PtdIns 3-kinase to the plasma membrane and increased PtdIns 3-kinase activity in the membrane as soon as 5 s after FcgammaR cross-linking, even before the onset of the Ca2+ response. Moreover, the translocation of PtdIns 3-kinase to the plasma membrane was inhibited by co-cross-linking of either FcgammaRIIa and FcgammaRIIIb with the tyrosine phosphatase, CD45, indicating a requirement for protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the recruitment of PtdIns 3-kinase to the plasma membrane. Taken together, our results suggest a role for PtdIns 3-kinase in early signal transduction events after FcgammaR cross-linking in human neutrophils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Vossebeld
- Central Laboratory of the Netherland's Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service and Laboratory for Experimental and Clinical Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Vossebeld PJ, Homburg CH, Roos D, Verhoeven AJ. The anti-Fc gamma RIII mAb 3G8 induces neutrophil activation via a cooperative actin of Fc gamma RIIIb and Fc gamma RIIa. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1997; 29:465-73. [PMID: 9202425 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(96)00160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human neutrophils express two types of Fc gamma receptors, the transmembrane Fc gamma RIIa and the glycan-phosphatidylinositol-anchored Fc gamma RIIIb, that show synergism in provoking a cellular response. To analyse further the requirements for this synergism to occur we used the monoclonal antibody 3G8, directed against Fc gamma RIII. This antibody is able to induce neutrophil activation, as measured by an increase in the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration and homotypic neutrophil aggregation, but only when the Fc part of the antibody is able to interact with Fc gamma RIIa. We observed that binding of the Fab parts of 3G8 mAb to two Fc gamma RIIIb molecules and binding of the Fc part to one Fc gamma RIIa molecule is required, because a bispecific antibody, 2B1, in which only one 3G8 Fab is present, did not induce neutrophil activation. Moreover, engagement of one Fc gamma RIIa molecule and two Fc gamma RIIb molecules on the same cell is instrumental to achieve activation of the mAb 3G8. The activation of neutrophils by the 3G8 antibody represents a further example of synergistic activation of neutrophils via Fc gamma receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Vossebeld
- Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Breedveld B, Schoonderwoerd K, Verhoeven AJ, Willemsen R, Jansen H. Hepatic lipase is localized at the parenchymal cell microvilli in rat liver. Biochem J 1997; 321 ( Pt 2):425-30. [PMID: 9020876 PMCID: PMC1218086 DOI: 10.1042/bj3210425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic lipase (HL) is thought to be located at the vascular endothelium in the liver. However, it has also been implicated in the binding and internalization of chylomicron remnants in the parenchymal cells. In view of this apparent discrepancy between localization and function, we re-investigated the localization of HL in rat liver using biochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. The binding of HL to endothelial cells was studied in primary cultures of rat liver endothelial cells. Endothelial cells bound HL in a saturable manner with high affinity. However, the binding capacity accounted for at most 1% of the total HL activity present in the whole liver. These results contrasted with earlier studies, in which non-parenchymal cell (NPC) preparations had been found to bind HL with a high capacity. To study HL binding to the different components of the NPC preparations, we separated endothelial cells, Kupffer cells and blebs by counterflow elutriation. Kupffer cells and endothelial cells showed a relatively low HL-binding capacity. In contrast, the blebs, representing parenchymal-cell-derived material, had a high HL-binding capacity (33 m-units/mg of protein) and accounted for more than 80% of the total HL binding in the NPC preparation. In contrast with endothelial and Kupffer cells, the HL-binding capacity of parenchymal cells could account for almost all the HL activity found in the whole liver. These data strongly suggest that HL binding occurs at parenchymal liver cells. To confirm this conclusion in situ, we studied HL localization by immunocytochemical techniques. Using immunofluorescence, we confirmed the sinusoidal localization of HL. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that virtually all HL was located at the microvilli of parenchymal liver cells, with a minor amount at the endothelium. We conclude that, in rat liver, HL is localized at the microvilli of parenchymal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Breedveld
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Vieira-van Bruggen D, Verhoeven AJ, Heuveling M, Kalkman C, de Greef WJ, Jansen H. Hepatic lipase gene expression is transiently induced by gonadotropic hormones in rat ovaries. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1997; 126:35-40. [PMID: 9027361 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(96)03963-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic lipase (HL) gene expression was studied in rat ovaries. A transcript lacking exons 1 and 2 could be detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the ovaries of mature cyclic females and of immature rats treated with pregnant mare serum followed by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce superovulation. By competitive RT-PCR the HL transcript was quantified. Low levels of HL mRNA were detected in ovaries of mature cyclic females and of immature rats. During superovulation HL mRNA was several fold higher than in mature cyclic rats and transiently increased to a maximum at 2 days after hCG treatment. Pulse-labelling of ovarian cells and ovarian slices with [35S]methionine followed by immunoprecipitation with polyclonal anti-HL IgGs showed de novo synthesis of a 47 kDa HL-related protein. Expression of the protein was transiently induced by gonadotropins with a peak at 2 days after hCG treatment. Induction of liver-type lipase activity occurred only after HL mRNA and synthesis of the HL-related protein had returned to pre-stimulatory levels. We conclude that in rat ovaries the HL gene is expressed into a variant mRNA and a 47 kDa protein. The expression of the HL gene in ovaries is inducible and precedes the expression of the mature, enzymatically active liver-type lipase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Vieira-van Bruggen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|