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Borentain S, Nash A, Daly E, Joshi K, O’Hara M, Zhang Q, Mathews M, Haughey S, Richards S, Anjo J, Zante D, Perry R. Clinical consensus regarding the importance of rapid reduction in depressive symptoms in major depressive disorder with acute suicidal ideation or behavior (MDSI). Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9567559 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) with acute suicidal ideation or behavior (MDSI) require immediate intervention. Though oral antidepressants can be effective at reducing depressive symptoms, they can take 4–6 weeks to reach full effect. Objectives This study aimed to identify unmet needs in the treatment of patients with MDSI, specifically exploring the potential clinical benefits of rapid reduction of depressive symptoms. Methods A Delphi panel consisting of practicing psychiatrists (n=12) from the US, Canada and EU was conducted between December 2020–June 2021. Panelists were screened to ensure they had sufficient experience with managing patients with MDD and MDSI. Panelists completed two survey rounds, and a virtual consensus meeting. Results This research confirmed current unmet needs in the treatment of patients with MDSI. Hopelessness, functional impairment, worsening of MDD symptoms, recurrent hospitalization and higher risk of suicide attempt were considered as key consequences of the slow onset of action of oral antidepressants. Treatment with rapid acting antidepressant was anticipated by panelists to provide short-term benefit such as rapid reduction of core MDD symptoms which may contribute to shorter hospital stays and improved patient engagement/compliance, allowing for earlier interventions and improved patient outcomes. For long-term benefits, panelists agreed that improved daily functioning and increased trust/confidence in treatment options, constitute key benefits of rapid-acting treatments Conclusions There is need for rapid-acting treatments which may help address key unmet needs and provide clinically meaningful benefits driven by the rapid relief of depressive symptoms particularly in patients with MDSI. Disclosure SB, ED, KJ, MO’H, QZ, MM, MH, SR, JA and DZ are employees of Janssen and hold stock in Johnson & Johnson Inc. AN is currently employed by Neurocrine Biosciences Inc. RP is an employee of Adelphi Values PROVE hired by Janssen.
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Gough J, Hall W, Good J, Nash A, Aitken K. Technical Radiotherapy Advances – The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Radiation in the Delivery of Hypofractionation. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2022; 34:301-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in sequencing technologies have driven studies identifying the microbiome as a key regulator of overall health and disease in the host. Both 16S amplicon and whole genome shotgun sequencing technologies are currently being used to investigate this relationship, however, the choice of sequencing technology often depends on the nature and experimental design of the study. In principle, the outputs rendered by analysis pipelines are heavily influenced by the data used as input; it is then important to consider that the genomic features produced by different sequencing technologies may emphasize different results. RESULTS In this work, we use public 16S amplicon and whole genome shotgun sequencing (WGS) data from the same dogs to investigate the relationship between sequencing technology and the captured gut metagenomic landscape in dogs. In our analyses, we compare the taxonomic resolution at the species and phyla levels and benchmark 12 classification algorithms in their ability to accurately identify host phenotype using only taxonomic relative abundance information from 16S and WGS datasets with identical study designs. Our best performing model, a random forest trained by the WGS dataset, identified a species (Bacteroides coprocola) that predominantly contributes to the abundance of leuB, a gene involved in branched chain amino acid biosynthesis; a risk factor for glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. This trend was not conserved when we trained the model using 16S sequencing profiles from the same dogs. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that WGS sequencing of dog microbiomes detects a greater taxonomic diversity than 16S sequencing of the same dogs at the species level and with respect to four gut-enriched phyla levels. This difference in detection does not significantly impact the performance metrics of machine learning algorithms after down-sampling. Although the important features extracted from our best performing model are not conserved between the two technologies, the important features extracted from either instance indicate the utility of machine learning algorithms in identifying biologically meaningful relationships between the host and microbiome community members. In conclusion, this work provides the first systematic machine learning comparison of dog 16S and WGS microbiomes derived from identical study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Lewis
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Tae-Hyuk Ahn
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Department of Computer Science, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Robinson M, George B, Nash A, Teoh S, Gaya A, Camilleri P, Mukherjee S, Good J. PO-1895 Is the traditional dose prescription concept still relevant in modern SABR? Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)08346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Drabble J, Das P, Camilleri P, Nash A, George B. Inter- and Intra-Fraction Movement of Prostate and Seminal Vesicles: Analysis from MR-Guided Hypo-Fractioned Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Nash A, Good J, Gaya A, Drabble J, George B. Creation of High-Quality Robust Pancreas Plans for Daily Adaptive Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy on the 0.35T MRI Linac. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Watson WH, Nash A, Lee C, Patz MD, Newcomb JM. The Distribution and Possible Roles of Small Cardioactive Peptide in the Nudibranch Melibe leonina. Integr Org Biol 2020; 2:obaa016. [PMID: 33791559 PMCID: PMC7671164 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide small cardioactive peptide (SCP) plays an integrative role in exciting various motor programs involved in feeding and locomotion in a number of gastropod species. In this study, immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal antibodies against SCPB, was used to localize SCPB-like-immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous system, and map their connections to various tissues, in the nudibranch, Melibe leonina. Approximately 28-36 SCPB-like-immunoreactive neurons were identified in the M. leonina brain, as well as one large neuron in each of the buccal ganglia. The neuropil of the pedal ganglia contained the most SCPB-like-immunoreactive varicosities, although only a small portion of these were due to SCPB-like-immunoreactive neurons in the same ganglion. This suggests that much of the SCPB-like immunoreactivity in the neuropil of the pedal ganglia was from neurons in other ganglia that projected through the pedal-pedal connectives or the connectives from the cerebral and pleural ganglia. We also observed extensive SCPB innervation along the length of the esophagus. Therefore, we investigated the impact of SCPB on locomotion in intact animals, as well as peristaltic contractions of the isolated esophagus. Injection of intact animals with SCPB at night led to a significant increase in crawling and swimming, compared to control animals injected with saline. Furthermore, perfusion of isolated brains with SCPB initiated expression of the swim motor program. Application of SCPB to the isolated quiescent esophagus initiated rhythmic peristaltic contractions, and this occurred in preparations both with and without the buccal ganglia being attached. All these data, taken together, suggest that SCPB could be released at night to arouse animals and enhance the expression of both feeding and swimming motor programs in M. leonina.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Watson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - A Nash
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - C Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - M D Patz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - J M Newcomb
- Department of Biology and Health Science, New England College, Henniker, NH 03242, USA
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Nash A, Simpson K, Harvey J, Kelley M, Lessne M. Abstract No. 629 Adverse event rates as a marker of quality in thoracenteses: is it feasible for use in a radiologic practice? J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Ahuir-Torres JI, Simandjuntak S, Bausch N, Farrar A, Webb S, Nash A, Thomas B, Muna J, Jonsson C, Matthew D. Corrosion threshold data of metallic materials in various operating environment of offshore wind turbine parts (tower, foundation, and nacelle/gearbox). Data Brief 2019; 25:104207. [PMID: 31440542 PMCID: PMC6699462 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper outlines corrosion thresholds for different environmental conditions of metallic materials commonly used in the tower, foundation, and nacelle/gearbox of an offshore wind turbine. These threshold values were derived from laboratory corrosion testing employing electrochemical analysis techniques, using the media/solvents that are representative to the operating environment of those wind turbine parts, such as seawater, grease, oils/lubricants, or their combination, at room temperature and at 328K. These values can provide an indication when general/local corrosion or protective film/surface damages have occurred. They can thus be utilised for detecting and monitoring corrosion at certain locations in the wind turbine structure. The presented data have been verified and validated to ensure their repeatability and reliability by means of numerous laboratory tests in accordance to the relevant engineering test standards and an extensive literature/published data review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Simandjuntak
- School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, United Kingdom
| | - N Bausch
- School of Energy and Electronic Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3DJ, United Kingdom
| | - A Farrar
- School of Energy and Electronic Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3DJ, United Kingdom
| | - S Webb
- School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, United Kingdom
| | - A Nash
- Avonwood Developments Ltd, Bournemouth, BH21 7ND, United Kingdom
| | - B Thomas
- Avonwood Developments Ltd, Bournemouth, BH21 7ND, United Kingdom
| | - J Muna
- Avanti Communications, London, EC4V 6EB, United Kingdom
| | - C Jonsson
- Avanti Communications, London, EC4V 6EB, United Kingdom
| | - D Matthew
- Avanti Communications, London, EC4V 6EB, United Kingdom
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Nash A, Lessne M, Wang E, Wilkinson L. 04:21 PM Abstract No. 62 Advanced care practitioner run bedside pediatric ICU PICC service decreases costs and resource utilization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Collier TA, Nash A, Birch HL, de Leeuw NH. Effect on the mechanical properties of type I collagen of intra-molecular lysine-arginine derived advanced glycation end-product cross-linking. J Biomech 2017; 67:55-61. [PMID: 29254633 PMCID: PMC5773075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic advanced glycation end product (AGE) cross-linking of collagen molecules has been hypothesised to result in significant changes to the mechanical properties of the connective tissues within the body, potentially resulting in a number of age related diseases. We have investigated the effect of two of these cross-links, glucosepane and DOGDIC, on the tensile and lateral moduli of the collagen molecule through the use of a steered molecular dynamics approach, using previously identified preferential formation sites for intra-molecular cross-links. Our results show that the presence of intra-molecular AGE cross-links increases the tensile and lateral Young's moduli in the low strain domain by between 3.0-8.5% and 2.9-60.3% respectively, with little effect exhibited at higher strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Collier
- Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| | - A Nash
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, United Kingdom
| | - H L Birch
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, UCL, RNOH Stanmore Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - N H de Leeuw
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 1DF, United Kingdom.
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Nash A, Carroll S, Kelly D, Murphy P. Development of a Novel Bioreactor to Mimic the Effects of Bending During Limb Development. Int J Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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De Vere F, Porter B, Woodcock T, Hashmy S, Adeleke Y, Nash A, Saiyed S, Grant R, Mak R, Agyapong K, Kaba A, Ammu M, Unger-Graeber B, Khan S. 14Primary care based opportunistic screening for atrial fibrillation increases detection rates. Europace 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux283.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Keddie S, Angus-Leppan H, Parker T, Toescu S, Nash A, Adewunmi O, Liu R. Discussing sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: Are we empowering our patients? A questionnaire survey. JRSM Open 2016; 7:2054270416654358. [PMID: 27688898 PMCID: PMC5011309 DOI: 10.1177/2054270416654358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine patient knowledge about sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) compared to other risks in epilepsy. To explore patients' experiences surrounding SUDEP disclosure and opinions on how information should be delivered. DESIGN A cross-sectional questionnaire. SETTING Royal Free Hospital, London outpatient epilepsy clinics. PARTICIPANTS New and follow-up patients attending epilepsy clinics at a London teaching hospital over six months. Patients identified as being at risk of suffering negative emotional or psychological consequences of SUDEP discussions were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Patient knowledge about epilepsy risks; patient opinion regarding source, timing and delivery of SUDEP information; impact on health seeking behaviour. RESULTS Ninety-eight per cent of patients were aware of medication adherence, 84% of factors influencing seizure frequency, 78% of driving regulations, 50% of SUDEP and 38% of status epilepticus; 72% of patients felt that SUDEP information should be given to all patients. Preferences for timing of SUDEP discussions varied between those wanting information at diagnosis (40%) and those preferring to receive it after three clinic appointments (18%) to avoid information overload at the first consultation. Emotional responses (48% positive, 38% negative) predominated over measurable behavioural change following SUDEP discussions. CONCLUSIONS Less than half the patients knew about SUDEP and status epilepticus. Although the majority of patients with epilepsy wish to be informed about SUDEP early on in their diagnosis, information must be delivered in a way that promotes patient knowledge and empowerment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Keddie
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - H Angus-Leppan
- Department of Neurology, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK; Neurosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - T Parker
- Department of Neurology, Queen Square Hospital, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - S Toescu
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - A Nash
- Department of Neurology, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK; Neurosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - O Adewunmi
- Department of Neurology, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Rsn Liu
- Department of Neurology, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
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Ng DVY, Brennan-Donnan J, Unger S, Bando N, Gibbins S, Nash A, Kiss A, O'Connor DL. How Close Are We to Achieving Energy and Nutrient Goals for Very Low Birth Weight Infants in the First Week? JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016; 41:500-506. [PMID: 26160253 DOI: 10.1177/0148607115594674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests intakes of protein and energy as early as the first week of life in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants are associated with improved neurodevelopment. In response, many neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) have launched new, more aggressive early feeding guidelines. The aim of this study was to evaluate enteral and parenteral energy and macronutrient intakes during the first postnatal week in VLBW infants admitted to NICUs that have introduced more aggressive early feeding guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Estimated energy and macronutrient intakes were prospectively collected from VLBW infants fed exclusively mother's own milk and/or parenteral nutrition and compared with expert recommendations. Days to reach full enteral feeds (150 mL/kg/d) and discharge anthropometrics were examined. RESULTS By days 6 and 7, median protein and lipid intakes, respectively, reached recommended values (3.5 and 3.0 g/kg/d). However, by day 8, many infants remained below recommended intakes for protein (34%), lipid (34%), carbohydrate (68%), and energy (71%). Late-onset sepsis was associated with a decreased likelihood of reaching full enteral feeds on any given day (hazard ratio, 0.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.5; P ≤ .0009). There was no significant relationship between week 1 nutrient intakes and anthropometrics at discharge. CONCLUSION Despite the introduction of more aggressive early feeding guidelines and improved energy and nutrient intakes compared with literature values, many VLBW infants remain below recommended nutrition goals in the first week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn V Y Ng
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joan Brennan-Donnan
- 3 Department of Clinical Dietetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon Unger
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,5 Department of Neonatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,6 Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Bando
- 2 The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharyn Gibbins
- 7 Department of Professional Practice, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Nash
- 8 Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Kiss
- 9 Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,10 Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah L O'Connor
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Angus-Leppan H, Keddie S, Parker T, Toescu S, Nash A, Adewunmi O, Liu R. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: improving our discussions with patients. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kumar D, Moore RM, Nash A, Springel E, Mercer BM, Philipson E, Mansour JM, Moore JJ. Decidual GM-CSF is a critical common intermediate necessary for thrombin and TNF induced in-vitro fetal membrane weakening. Placenta 2014; 35:1049-56. [PMID: 25454284 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation/infection and decidual bleeding/abruption are highly associated with pPROM. As no animal model for pPROM exists, we have developed an in-vitro model system for the study of human fetal membrane (FM) weakening/rupture. Using it we have demonstrated that both TNF/IL-1 (modeling inflammation) and thrombin (modeling bleeding) weaken full thickness FM in a dose dependent manner concomitant with inducing biochemical changes similar to those seen in the FM physiological weak zone. METHODS As the physiological site of infection and bleeding is the choriodecidua (CD), we modified our model system with full thickness FM tissue mounted on modified Transwell culture inserts to permit directional TNF/thrombin exposure on the decidua only (rather than both sides of the FM). After incubation, medium was sampled separately from the CD facing (maternal side) or from the amnion facing (fetal side) compartments and probed for cytokine release and confirmed with western blots. The FM was strength tested within the insert. RESULTS Full-thickness FM fragments exposed to TNF or thrombin on CD side only showed dose dependent weakening and biochemical changes consistent with previous reports. Concomitantly, GM-CSF increased markedly on the CD but not the amnion side. Numerous proteases including MMP1 and MMP3 also increased on the CD side. Pre-incubation with GM-CSF antibody blocked both thrombin and TNF induced weakening. Finally, GM-CSF weakened FM in a dose dependent manner. DISCUSSION GM-CSF is a critical common intermediate in the thrombin and TNF FM weakening pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - R M Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A Nash
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - E Springel
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - B M Mercer
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - E Philipson
- Women's Institute-Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J M Mansour
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J J Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Quinzanos I, Davis L, Keniston A, Nash A, Yazdany J, Fransen R, Hirsh JM, Zell J. Application and feasibility of systemic lupus erythematosus reproductive health care quality indicators at a public urban rheumatology clinic. Lupus 2014; 24:203-9. [PMID: 25267076 DOI: 10.1177/0961203314552832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Quality indicators (QIs) are evidence-based processes of care designed to represent the current standard of care. Reproductive health QIs for the care of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have recently been developed, and examine areas such as pregnancy screening for autoantibodies, treatment of pregnancy-associated antiphospholipid syndrome, and contraceptive counseling. This study was designed to investigate our performance on these QIs and to explore potential gaps in care and demographic predictors of adherence to the QIs in a safety-net hospital. METHODS We performed a record review of patients with a diagnosis of SLE at Denver Health Medical Center (DH) through an electronic query of existing medical records and via chart review. Data were limited to female patients between the ages of 18 and 50 who were seen between July 2006 and August 2011. RESULTS A total of 137 female patients between the ages of 18 and 50 were identified by ICD-9 code and confirmed by chart review to have SLE. Of these, 122 patients met the updated 1997 American College of Rheumatology SLE criteria and had intact reproductive systems. Only 15 pregnancies were documented during this five-year period, and adherence to autoantibody screening was 100 percent. We did not have any patients who were pregnant and met criteria for pregnancy-associated antiphospholipid syndrome. Sixty-five patients (53%) received potentially teratogenic medications, and 30 (46%) had documented discussions about these medications' potential risk upon their initiation. Predictors of whether patients received appropriate counseling included younger age (OR 0.92, CI 0.87-0.98) and those who did not describe English as their primary language (OR 0.24, CI 0.07-0.87) in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS We were able to detect an important gap in care regarding teratogenic medication education to SLE patients of childbearing potential in our public health academic clinic, as only one in two eligible patients had documented appropriate counseling at the initiation of a teratogenic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Quinzanos
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - L Davis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - A Keniston
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - A Nash
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J Yazdany
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - R Fransen
- Exempla Saint Joseph Hospital, Denver, CO, USA
| | - J M Hirsh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - J Zell
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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Planchard D, Chaput-Gras N, Barlesi F, Mazieres J, Byrne N, Vuillier D, Lacroix L, Besse B, Lanoy E, Wunder F, Jannin C, Malekzadeh K, Ngocamus M, Nash A, Di Pietro A, Soria JC. Phase I Study of Tremelimumab (Trem) in Combination with Gefitinib (Gef) in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutant (Egfr-Mut) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Nsclc). Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu349.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Greven DEA, Cohen ES, Gerlag DM, Campbell J, Woods J, Davis N, van Nieuwenhuijze A, Lewis A, Heasmen S, McCourt M, Corkill D, Dodd A, Elvin J, Statache G, Wicks IP, Anderson IK, Nash A, Sleeman MA, Tak PP. Preclinical characterisation of the GM-CSF receptor as a therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 74:1924-30. [PMID: 24936585 PMCID: PMC4602263 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective Previous work has suggested that the granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)–GM-CSF receptor α axis (GM-CSFRα) may provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, we investigated the cellular expression of GM-CSFRα in RA synovial tissue and investigated the effects of anti-GM-CSFRα antibody treatment in vitro and in vivo in a preclinical model of RA. Methods We compared GM-CSFRα expression on macrophages positive for CD68 or CD163 on synovial biopsy samples from patients with RA or psoriatic arthritis (PsA) to disease controls. In addition, we studied the effects of CAM-3003, an anti-GM-CSFR antibody in a collagen induced arthritis model of RA in DBA/1 mice. The pharmacokinetic profile of CAM-3003 was studied in naïve CD1(ICR) mice (see online supplement) and used to interpret the results of the pharmacodynamic studies in BALB/c mice. Results GM-CSFRα was expressed by CD68 positive and CD163 positive macrophages in the synovium, and there was a significant increase in GM-CSFRα positive cells in patients in patients with RA as well as patients with PsA compared with patients with osteoarthritis and healthy controls. In the collagen induced arthritis model there was a dose dependent reduction of clinical arthritis scores and the number of F4/80 positive macrophages in the inflamed synovium after CAM-3003 treatment. In BALB/c mice CAM-3003 inhibited recombinant GM-CSF mediated margination of peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils. Conclusions The findings support the ongoing development of therapies aimed at interfering with GM-CSF or its receptor in various forms of arthritis, such as RA and PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E A Greven
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/ University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E S Cohen
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and AutoImmunity Research, MedImmune Limited, Cambridge, UK
| | - D M Gerlag
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/ University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Campbell
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and AutoImmunity Research, MedImmune Limited, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Woods
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and AutoImmunity Research, MedImmune Limited, Cambridge, UK
| | - N Davis
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and AutoImmunity Research, MedImmune Limited, Cambridge, UK
| | - A van Nieuwenhuijze
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Lewis
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and AutoImmunity Research, MedImmune Limited, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Heasmen
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and AutoImmunity Research, MedImmune Limited, Cambridge, UK
| | - M McCourt
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and AutoImmunity Research, MedImmune Limited, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Corkill
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and AutoImmunity Research, MedImmune Limited, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Dodd
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and AutoImmunity Research, MedImmune Limited, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Elvin
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and AutoImmunity Research, MedImmune Limited, Cambridge, UK
| | - G Statache
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/ University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I P Wicks
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - I K Anderson
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and AutoImmunity Research, MedImmune Limited, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Nash
- Department of Research and Development, CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - M A Sleeman
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and AutoImmunity Research, MedImmune Limited, Cambridge, UK
| | - P P Tak
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/ University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Ng D, Brennan‐Donnan J, Unger S, Bando N, Gibbins S, Nash A, O'Connor D. Do aggressive feeding guidelines eliminate first week nutrition deficits in very low birth weight infants fed exclusively mother’s own milk? (247.2). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.247.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Ng
- SickKids Research InstituteTORONTOONCanada
- Nutritional SciencesUniversity of TORONTOTorontoONCanada
| | - Joan Brennan‐Donnan
- SickKids Research InstituteTORONTOONCanada
- Nutritional SciencesUniversity of TORONTOTorontoONCanada
| | - Sharon Unger
- SickKids Research InstituteTORONTOONCanada
- Pediatrics University of TORONTOTorontoONCanada
| | | | | | - Andrea Nash
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTORONTOONCanada
| | - Deborah O'Connor
- SickKids Research InstituteTORONTOONCanada
- Nutritional SciencesUniversity of TORONTOTorontoONCanada
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Minter RR, Cohen ES, Wang B, Liang M, Vainshtein I, Rees G, Eghobamien L, Harrison P, Sims DA, Matthews C, Wilkinson T, Monk P, Drinkwater C, Fabri L, Nash A, McCourt M, Jermutus L, Roskos L, Anderson IK, Sleeman MA. Protein engineering and preclinical development of a GM-CSF receptor antibody for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 168:200-11. [PMID: 22913645 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE For antibody therapies against receptor targets, in vivo outcomes can be difficult to predict because of target-mediated clearance or antigen 'sink' effects. The purpose of this work was to engineer an antibody to the GM-CSF receptor α (GM-CSFRα) with pharmacological properties optimized for chronic, s.c. treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used an in silico model of receptor occupancy to guide the target affinity and a combinatorial phage display approach for affinity maturation. Mechanism of action and internalization assays were performed on the optimized antibody in vitro before refining the modelling predictions of the eventual dosing in man. Finally, in vivo pharmacology studies in cynomolgus monkeys were carried out to inform the predictions and support future clinical development. KEY RESULTS Antibody potency was improved 8600-fold, and the target affinity was reached. The refined model predicted pharmacodynamic effects at doses as low as 1 mg kg(-1) and a study in cynomolgus monkeys confirmed in vivo efficacy at 1 mg kg(-1) dosing. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This rational approach to antibody drug discovery enabled the isolation of a potent molecule compatible with chronic, s.c. self-administration by RA patients. We believe this general approach enables the development of optimal biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. R. McMurtry
- Dep. of Horticultural Sci.North Carolina State Univ.RaleighNC27695
| | - D. C. Sanders
- Dep. of Horticultural Sci.North Carolina State Univ.RaleighNC27695
| | | | - A. Nash
- Dep. of Crop Sci.North Carolina State Univ.RaleighNC27695
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Nash A, Dunn M, Asztalos E, Corey M, Mulvihill-Jory B, O’Connor DL. Pattern of growth of very low birth weight preterm infants, assessed using the WHO Growth Standards, is associated with neurodevelopment. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2011; 36:562-9. [DOI: 10.1139/h11-059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several Canadian professional organizations recently recommended that the growth of preterm infants be monitored using the World Health Organization Growth Standards (WHO-GS) after hospital discharge. The WHO-GS are a prescriptive set of growth charts that describe how term infants should grow under ideal environmental conditions. Whether preterm infants following this pattern of growth have better outcomes than infants that do not has yet to be evaluated. Our aim was to determine whether the pattern of growth of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants during the first 2 years, assessed using the WHO-GS or the traditional Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference growth charts (CDC-RGC), is associated with neurodevelopment. Pattern of weight, length, and head circumference gain of appropriate-for-gestation VLBW preterm infants (n = 289) from birth to 18–24 months corrected age was classified, using the WHO-GS and CDC-RGC, as sustained (change in Z-score ≤1 SD), decelerated (decline >1 SD), or accelerated (incline >1 SD). Development was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID)-III at 18–24 months corrected age. Using the WHO-GS, children with a decelerated pattern of weight gain had lower cognitive (10 points), language (6 points), and motor (4 points) scores than infants with sustained weight gain (p < 0.05), even after adjustment for morbidities. No association was found using the CDC-RGC. In conclusion, a decelerated pattern of weight gain, determined with the WHO-GS, but not the CDC-GRC, is associated with poorer neurodevelopment scores on the BSID-III than a pattern of sustained growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nash
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
- Department of Newborn and Developmental Pediatrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Michael Dunn
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
- Department of Newborn and Developmental Pediatrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Asztalos
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
- Department of Newborn and Developmental Pediatrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Mary Corey
- The Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Room 8511C, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Bridget Mulvihill-Jory
- Department of Newborn and Developmental Pediatrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Deborah L. O’Connor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Room 8511C, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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Nasef N, Belcastro R, Nash A, Bishara R, Iaboni D, Kantores C, Keith Tanswell A, Jankov RP. Role of ascorbate in lung cellular toxicity mediated by light-exposed parenteral nutrition solution. Free Radic Res 2010; 45:359-65. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.532791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
Grids with blocked and unblocked cells are often used to represent terrain in robotics and video games. However, paths formed by grid edges can be longer than true shortest paths in the terrain since their headings are artificially constrained. We present two new correct and complete any-angle path-planning algorithms that avoid this shortcoming. Basic Theta* and Angle-Propagation Theta* are both variants of A* that propagate information along grid edges without constraining paths to grid edges. Basic Theta* is simple to understand and implement, fast and finds short paths. However, it is not guaranteed to find true shortest paths. Angle-Propagation Theta* achieves a better worst-case complexity per vertex expansion than Basic Theta* by propagating angle ranges when it expands vertices, but is more complex, not as fast and finds slightly longer paths. We refer to Basic Theta* and Angle-Propagation Theta* collectively as Theta*. Theta* has unique properties, which we analyze in detail. We show experimentally that it finds shorter paths than both A* with post-smoothed paths and Field D* (the only other version of A* we know of that propagates information along grid edges without constraining paths to grid edges) with a runtime comparable to that of A* on grids. Finally, we extend Theta* to grids that contain unblocked cells with non-uniform traversal costs and introduce variants of Theta* which provide different tradeoffs between path length and runtime.
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Doctor S, Merko S, Joshi H, Findlater C, Nash A. An Accurate Nicu Bedside Tool to Calculate Osmolalities of Fortified Human Milk When Combined With Commonly Used Oral Medications. Paediatr Child Health 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/15.suppl_a.38a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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28
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Nash A, Doctor S, Merko S, Findlater C, Joshi H, laboni D. Feed Mixtures Often Exceed Osmolality Recommendations in Preterm Infants. Paediatr Child Health 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/15.suppl_a.23a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
Breast milk errors have received increasing attention in the literature in terms of the potential infectious risk posed to the recipient baby and also the stress that results for both the donor and recipient families. Beginning in the mid-1990s, one Level III NICU began making changes in how feedings were prepared and distributed in an attempt to reduce breast milk errors. Despite these changes, breast milk errors continued to occur, and, in 2005, this NICU introduced a bar coding system to further reduce the risk of administering breast milk to the wrong infant. Breast milk errors have subsequently been substantially reduced.
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Lewis C, Nash A, Owens H, Hogston P. The factors associated with effective folic acid prophylaxis in the peri-conceptional period in women attending an ante-natal clinic. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2009; 17:248-52. [PMID: 15511839 DOI: 10.1080/01443619750113168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether folic acid supplements had been taken and dietary folate intake increased in 662 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at St Mary's Hospital, Portsmouth. An assessment was also made of the factors that influenced correct compliance with the recommendations of the Expert Advisory Group on folic acid. Thirty-seven percent (245/662) women had taken folic acid supplements and 26.4% (175/ 662) increased their dietary folate before or during early pregnancy. The majority of women who commenced folic acid supplements after conception did so after the neural tube had closed (220/247). Women were more likely to have adhered to the Expert Advisory Group's recommendations if the pregnancy was planned, the woman was primiparous, there was no past or family history of neural tube defect and the patient had the correct existing knowledge of folic acid prophylaxis. The relevance of these findings to the current Health Education Authority's folic awareness campaign is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lewis
- St Mary's Maternity Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
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Nash A, Secker D, Corey M, Dunn M, O'Connor DL. Field Testing of the 2006 World Health Organization Growth Charts From Birth to 2 Years: Assessment of Hospital Undernutrition and Overnutrition Rates and the Usefulness of BMI. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008; 32:145-53. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607108314386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nash
- From Newborn and Developmental Paediatrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Research Institute and Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children; and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna Secker
- From Newborn and Developmental Paediatrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Research Institute and Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children; and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Corey
- From Newborn and Developmental Paediatrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Research Institute and Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children; and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Dunn
- From Newborn and Developmental Paediatrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Research Institute and Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children; and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah L. O'Connor
- From Newborn and Developmental Paediatrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Research Institute and Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children; and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Mould AW, Scotney P, Greco SA, Hayward NK, Nash A, Kay GF. Prophylactic but not therapeutic activity of a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes the binding of VEGF-B to VEGFR-1 in a murine collagen-induced arthritis model. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007; 47:263-6. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kem369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bichay T, Meadows J, Tran H, Nash A, Chen C. SU-FF-J-52: A Quantitative Assessment of the Improvement in Treatment Setup Accuracy with IGRT in TomoTherapy. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2760557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Walshe V, Nash A, Barry M. Cost effectiveness of statin therapy for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease. Ir Med J 2006; 99:144-5. [PMID: 16892920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol lowering statin therapy accounted for over 10% of total drug acquisition costs (87.5 million euros) under the Community Drugs Schemes in Ireland in 2004. Not surprisingly, the issue of value for money and cost effectiveness arises. Whilst statin therapy has proven cost effective in patients with established cardiovascular disease this is the first economic evaluation of statin therapy for primary prevention in the Irish healthcare setting. Using economic modelling techniques the incremental cost effectiveness of statin therapy in high risk individuals i.e. 10 year risk exceeding 15% ranged from 17,900 euros per life year gained (LYG) to 33,800 euros/LYG under the GMS scheme. Corresponding figures for the Drug Payment scheme were 24,500 euros/ LYG to 48,500 euros/LYG. All the statins could be considered cost effective i.e. threshold below 50,000 euros/LYG however atorvastatin proved the most cost effective statin in this pharmacoeconomic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Walshe
- National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics, St James Hospital, Dublin
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if the proportion of children < or =24 months old in a tertiary care facility defined as at risk of undernutrition or overnutrition differs according to different references used for assessment: the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) or Tanner-Whitehouse (Tanner) growth charts for weight-for-age and length-for-age. METHODS Lengths and weights were measured on infants (207 female, 341 male) aged < or =24 months admitted from or attending clinics in the General Pediatric or Respiratory Medicine Programs at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. Weight-for-age and length-for-age percentiles and percent ideal body weight were electronically computed. RESULTS The proportion of all children whose weight-for-age was <3rd percentile (at risk of undernutrition) was greatest using the CDC growth charts (22.5%) compared with the NCHS (15.9%) or Tanner (19.2%) growth charts. Likewise, the proportion of all infants/toddlers with percent ideal body weight <90 (at risk of undernutrition) was greatest using the CDC (32.3%) compared with the NCHS (22.1%) or Tanner (25.9%) growth charts. In contrast, the percentage of children whose percent ideal body weight was > or =110% (at risk of overnutrition) was least using the CDC (18.1%) compared with the NCHS (26.1%) or Tanner (22.4%) growth charts. CONCLUSION More children aged < or =24 months will be defined as at risk of undernutrition and fewer at risk of overnutrition when using weight-for-age or percent ideal body weight and the CDC growth charts compared with the NCHS or Tanner growth charts. As a result, requests for a more detailed nutritional assessment for undernutrition will likely follow implementation of the CDC growth charts in a tertiary care setting. As the CDC, NCHS and Tanner growth charts are growth "references" rather than "standards," other than for screening purposes, they should not be used in isolation when assessing growth and nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nash
- Department of Newborn and Developmental Paediatrics, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Science Centre, 76 Grenville Street, Toronto, Canada
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Nash A, Fröhlig G, Taborsky M, Stammwitz E, Maru F, Bouwens LHM, Celiker C. Rejection of atrial sensing artifacts by a pacing lead with short tip-to-ring spacing. Europace 2005; 7:67-72. [PMID: 15670970 DOI: 10.1016/j.eupc.2004.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2004] [Accepted: 11/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The ability of a new pacing lead design, with a 10 mm tip-to-ring spacing, to facilitate rejection of sensed far field R-waves and myopotentials was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS Measurements were performed in 66 patients. The occurrence of far field R-wave sensing and myopotential sensing was determined by means of the surface ECG and the ECG markers provided by the pacemaker. At an atrial sensitivity of 0.25 mV and an atrial blanking of 50 ms far field R-wave sensing was observed in 12 patients (18.2%) and at an atrial sensitivity of 1.0 mV no far-field R-wave sensing was observed. Myopotentials were sensed in 3 patients. In all patients the measured P-wave amplitude was at least twice the estimated amplitude of the far field R-wave at an atrial blanking of 50 ms. CONCLUSION The results from this study show that a small tip-to-ring spacing allows for programming of a high atrial sensitivity and short atrial blanking with an acceptably low risk for atrial artifact sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nash
- Department of Cardiology, The Southwest Cardiothoracic Centre, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK.
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Abstract
Injectable silicone implants were assessed as vaccine delivery vehicles in sheep, using either the model antigen avidin or Clostridium tetani and Clostridium novyi toxoids. Two types of implant were compared, the matrix type, that has been shown to deliver antigen in vitro in a first-order profile over approximately 1 month, and the covered rod type, that delivers antigen for several months in a zero-order profile. The implants were prepared using lyophilized antigen and adjuvant (in this case, recombinant ovine interleukin-1beta; rovIL-1beta) and manufactured in the absence of extremes of temperature or pH or the use of organic solvents. Use of the matrix type implant was capable of inducing antibody responses equivalent to those induced by conventional vaccination with aluminium hydroxide adjuvant ("alum"). The use of the covered rod implants, that release very low levels of antigen over a long period, induced responses that were markedly enhanced over the alum control groups. The covered rod implant also favoured production of both IgG1 and IgG2 isotypes in contrast to responses of matrix-vaccinated sheep and conventionally vaccinated control sheep in which IgG1 predominated. Prolonged duration of the antibody response was also observed following vaccination with covered rod implants. Dose-response analysis using the matrix implant demonstrated a trend towards improved responses for lower antigen doses. Clostridial vaccination of sheep showed that protective antibody titres up to 4-fold higher than for alum-adjuvanted groups could be induced by administering the antigen in the covered rod implant. Responses elicited by all implant groups were dependent on the inclusion of adjuvant into the implant formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Lofthouse
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Vic., Australia.
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Foster I, Taylor F, Evans R, Latham C, Thrusfield M, Nash A, Barrett D, Dobson H. EMS during the FMD outbreak. Vet Rec 2001; 149:498-9. [PMID: 11700935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Stone JG, Coleman G, Gusterson B, Marossy A, Lakhani SR, Ward A, Nash A, McKinna A, A'Hern R, Stratton MR, Houlston RS. Contribution of germline MLH1 and MSH2 mutations to lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast. Cancer Lett 2001; 167:171-4. [PMID: 11369138 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(01)00448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is an unusual histological pattern of non-invasive neoplastic disease of the breast occurring predominantly in women aged between 40 and 50 years. LCIS is frequently multicentric and bilateral suggesting a genetic basis to the disease. The high frequency of microsatellite instability in lobular breast cancers, coupled with increased risk of breast cancer associated with germline mismatch repair gene mutations raises the possibility that mutations MSH2 or MLH1 might confer susceptibility to LCIS. To explore this possibility we have examined a series of 71 LCIS patients for germline MSH2 and MLH1 mutations. No mutations were detected in MSH2. Two sequence variants were identified in MLH1. The first was a CTT-->CAT substitution, codon 607 (exon 16) changing leucine to histidine. The other mutation detected in MLH1 was a TAC-->TAA substitution codon 750 (exon 19) creating a stop codon, predicted to generate a truncated protein. These findings suggest that mutations in MLH1 may underlie a subset of LCIS cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Stone
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
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Nash A, Morgan-Hughes GJ, Marshall AJ. Dual chamber pacemaker implantation during atrial fibrillation in patients with PAF. Europace 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/eupace/2.supplement_1.a71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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41
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Nash A, Nightingale AK, Turner MS, Marshall AJ. Preoperative dehydration is unnecessary for pacemaker implantation. Europace 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/eupace/2.supplement_1.a77-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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42
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Brabham T, Phelka A, Zimmer C, Nash A, López JF, Vázquez DM. Effects of prenatal dexamethasone on spatial learning and response to stress is influenced by maternal factors. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2000; 279:R1899-909. [PMID: 11049876 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.5.r1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of prenatal dexamethasone (Dex) exposure on early perinatal events, hippocampal function, and response to stress. Pregnant rats received Dex in the evening water (2.5 microg/ml) or tap water (Veh) from gestational day 15 until delivery. On the day of parturition, pups were randomized, cross-fostered, and reduced to eight or nine per dam. Four groups resulted: Veh-Veh (offspring exposed to Veh in utero, rearing mother treated with Veh during gestation), Veh-Dex, Dex-Veh, and Dex-Dex. Spatial visual memory was evaluated with the Morris water maze. The corticosterone response to restraint stress was examined, and the expression of hippocampal glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors mRNA was determined by in situ hybridization. Exposure to Dex caused restlessness in mothers, low birth weights, and poor weight gain in the offspring. The Dex-Dex males had impaired spatial learning, inability to rapidly terminate the adrenocortical response to stress, and decreased hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA expression. In contrast, Dex-exposed animals reared by Veh-treated mothers had adequate spatial learning, enhanced glucocorticoid feedback, and increased hippocampal GR mRNA. We conclude that the environment provided by a healthy mother during the postnatal period can prevent the detrimental effects of prenatal Dex administration on cognition, GR mRNA expression of the hippocampus, and the quality of the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brabham
- Mental Health Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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43
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Rahman N, Stone JG, Coleman G, Gusterson B, Seal S, Marossy A, Lakhani SR, Ward A, Nash A, McKinna A, A'Hern R, Stratton MR, Houlston RS. Lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast is not caused by constitutional mutations in the E-cadherin gene. Br J Cancer 2000; 82:568-70. [PMID: 10682667 PMCID: PMC2363330 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.1999.0965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is an unusual histological pattern of non-invasive neoplastic disease of the breast occurring predominantly in women aged between 40 and 50 years. LCIS is frequently multicentric and bilateral, and there is evidence that it is associated with an elevated familial risk of breast cancer. Although women with LCIS suffer an increased risk of invasive breast disease, this risk is moderate suggesting that LCIS may result from mutation of a gene or genes conferring a high risk of LCIS, but a lower risk of invasive breast cancer. The high frequency of somatic mutations in E-cadherin in LCIS, coupled with recent reports that germline mutations in this gene can predispose to diffuse gastric cancer, raised the possibility that constitutional E-cadherin mutations may confer susceptibility to LCIS. In order to explore this possibility we have examined a series of 65 LCIS patients for germline E-cadherin mutations. Four polymorphisms were detected but no pathogenic mutations were identified. The results indicate that E-cadherin is unlikely to act as a susceptibility gene for LCIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rahman
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
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Alexander WS, Rakar S, Robb L, Farley A, Willson TA, Zhang JG, Hartley L, Kikuchi Y, Kojima T, Nomura H, Hasegawa M, Maeda M, Fabri L, Jachno K, Nash A, Metcalf D, Nicola NA, Hilton DJ. Suckling defect in mice lacking the soluble haemopoietin receptor NR6. Curr Biol 1999; 9:605-8. [PMID: 10359701 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(99)80266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines control a variety of cellular responses including proliferation, differentiation, survival and functional activation, via binding to specific receptors expressed on the surface of target cells [1]. The cytokine receptors of the haemopoietin family are defined by the presence of a conserved 200 amino acid extracellular domain known as the haemopoietin domain [2]. We report here the isolation of NR6, a haemopoietin receptor that, like the p40 subunit of interleukin-12 (IL-12) [3] and the EBI3 gene induced by Epstein-Barr virus infection in lymphocytes [4], contains a typical haemopoietin domain but lacks transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Although in situ hybridisation revealed NR6 expression at multiple sites in the developing embryo, mice lacking NR6 did not display obvious abnormalities and were born in the expected numbers. Neonatal NR6(-/-) mice failed to suckle, however, and died within 24 hours of birth, suggesting that NR6 is necessary for the recognition or processing of pheromonal signals or for the mechanics of suckling itself. In addition, NR6(-/-) mice had reduced numbers of haemopoietic progenitor cells, suggesting a potential role in the regulation of primitive haemopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Alexander
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, The Cooperative Research Centre for Cellular Growth Factors, Post Office Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, 3050, Australia.
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45
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen deprivation is often used for the treatment of patients with prostate cancer. Androgen deprivation can be achieved by surgical castration or medical castration, with or without using an antiandrogen. Each of these treatments may be used alone, or an antiandrogen may be used alongside castration to produce combined androgen blockade therapy. METHODS The nonsteroidal antiandrogen, bicalutamide (Casodex), has been evaluated as a component in combined androgen blockade and as monotherapy. We review the arguments that indicate why a 50-mg once-daily dose of bicalutamide is appropriate in combined androgen blockade, while ongoing clinical trials evaluate 150-mg once-daily as monotherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer. RESULTS The choice of the 50-mg dose of bicalutamide when used in combined androgen blockade is supported by four main arguments. First, bicalutamide 50 mg is at least equivalent to, if not better than, flutamide 750 mg in terms of receptor affinity, potency, and favorable plasma concentration profile. Second, the reduction in testosterone concentrations produced by medical or surgical castration decreases the potential competition between bicalutamide and testosterone for androgen receptors in prostate cells, allowing the use of a lower dose of antiandrogen in combined androgen blockade than is necessary in monotherapy. Third, bicalutamide 50 mg has an excellent tolerability profile. Fourth, at the 50-mg dose, bicalutamide plus luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue was equivalent to flutamide plus luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue, although there was a trend towards longer survival with bicalutamide. Furthermore, investigations of higher doses of bicalutamide have justified evaluation of bicalutamide 150 mg as monotherapy. First, pharmacodynamic studies reveal an increasing prostate-specific antigen response with increasing dose, which appears to plateau at a dose of around 150-200 mg. Second, in an analysis with 31% mortality, bicalutamide 150 mg appeared to have equivalent efficacy compared with castration in terms of survival in patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of available data, bicalutamide 50 mg is an appropriate dose to use in combined androgen blockade, while 150 mg is being evaluated in ongoing clinical trials as a suitable dose for monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Kolvenbag
- Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, Delaware 19850, USA.
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Abstract
Nucleosomal histone modification is believed to be a critical step in the activation of RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. p300/CBP and PCAF histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are coactivators for several transcription factors, including nuclear hormone receptors, p53, and Stat1alpha, and participate in transcription by forming an activation complex and by promoting histone acetylation. The adenoviral E1A oncoprotein represses transcriptional signaling by binding to p300/CBP and displacing PCAF and p/CIP proteins from the complex. Here, we show that E1A directly represses the HAT activity of both p300/CBP and PCAF in vitro and p300-dependent transcription in vivo. Additionally, E1A inhibits nucleosomal histone modifications by the PCAF complex and blocks p53 acetylation. These results demonstrate the modulation of HAT activity as a novel mechanism of transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chakravarti
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lah
- AMRAD Operations Pty Ltd., Richmond, Victoria, Australia
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Stanley E, Biben C, Kotecha S, Fabri L, Tajbakhsh S, Wang CC, Hatzistavrou T, Roberts B, Drinkwater C, Lah M, Buckingham M, Hilton D, Nash A, Mohun T, Harvey RP. DAN is a secreted glycoprotein related to Xenopus cerberus. Mech Dev 1998; 77:173-84. [PMID: 9831647 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We report that DAN, a potential cell cycle regulator and tumour suppressor, is a secreted glycoprotein related to Xenopus cerberus. DAN, cerberus, its mouse relative Cer-1/cer-l/Cerberus-like/Cerr1, and the recently described factor DRM/Gremlin, appear to be members of the cystine knot superfamily, which includes TGFbetas and BMPs. Like cerberus and mCer-1, DAN-induced cement glands as well as markers of anterior neural tissue and endoderm in Xenopus animal cap assays, features of BMP signalling blockade. During mouse embryogenesis, Dan was expressed from E8.5 in cranial mesenchyme and somites, then later in limb and facial mesenchyme. The pattern in somites was highly dynamic, with transcripts initially localized to the caudal half of the nascent epithelial somite, then, after maturation, to sclerotomal cells adjacent to the neural tube. Dan was also expressed in the developing myotome. The expression domains include sites in which BMP inhibition is known to be important for development. Thus, DAN appears to be a secreted factor belonging to the cystine knot superfamily, and one of a growing number of antagonists acting to modulate BMP signalling during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stanley
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Post Office, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3050, Australia
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Usherwood EJ, Nash A. Lymphoproliferative disease induced by murine herpesvirus-68. Lab Anim Sci 1998; 48:344-5. [PMID: 10090040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E J Usherwood
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall
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50
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Biben C, Stanley E, Fabri L, Kotecha S, Rhinn M, Drinkwater C, Lah M, Wang CC, Nash A, Hilton D, Ang SL, Mohun T, Harvey RP. Murine cerberus homologue mCer-1: a candidate anterior patterning molecule. Dev Biol 1998; 194:135-51. [PMID: 9501024 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1997.8812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Xenopus cerberus (Xcer) is a cytokine expressed in anterior mesendoderm overlapping and surrounding Spemann's gastrula organiser. When misexpressed in blastomeres, Xcer can induce ectopic heads with well-defined brain, cement gland, olfactory placodes, cyclopic eye, and occasionally liver and heart. We report here the identification of mCer-1, a murine gene related to cerberus. Both mCer-1 and Xcer appear to belong to the cystine knot superfamily, which includes TGF beta s and BMPs. In Xenopus animal cap assays, mCer-1 and Xcer induced cement glands and markers of anterior neural tissue and endoderm, characteristic of BMP inhibition. Furthermore, both antagonised the ventrolateral mesoderm-inducing activity of coexpressed BMP4. In mouse embryos, mCer-1 was expressed at early gastrulation in a stripe of primitive endoderm along the future anterior side of the egg cylinder, a region essential for anterior patterning. A second phase of expression was detected in anterior embryonic mesendoderm, and by late-streak stages most of the anterior half of the embryo was positive, except for the node and cardiac progenitors. Expression was later seen in the cranial portion of the two most-recently formed somites and in two stripes within presomitic mesoderm. In embryos lacking Otx2, a homeogene with a demonstrated role in anterior patterning, mCer-1 was still expressed in an anterior zone, although often abnormally. The data suggest that mCer-1 shares structural, functional, and expression characteristics with Xcer and may participate in patterning the anterior of the embryo and nascent somite region, in part, through a BMP-inhibitory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Biben
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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