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Schneider R, Perugini R, Karthikeyan S, Okereke O, Herscovici DM, Richard A, Doan T, Suh L, Carroll JE. Perforated peptic ulcer disease in transferred patients is associated with significant increase in length of stay. Surg Endosc 2024; 38:1576-1582. [PMID: 38182799 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perforated peptic ulcer disease (PPUD) has a prevalence of 0.004-0.014% with mortality of 23.5% (Tarasconi et al. in World J Emerg Surg 15(PG-3):3, 2020). In this single center study, we examined the impact associated with patient transfer from outside facilities to our center for definitive surgical intervention (exploratory laparotomy). METHODS Using EPIC report workbench, we identified 27 patients between 2018 and 2021 undergoing exploratory laparotomy with a concurrent diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease, nine of which were transferred to our institution for care. We queried this population for markers of disease severity including mortality, length of stay, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and readmission rates. Manual chart reviews were performed to examine these outcomes in more detail and identify patients who had been transferred to our facility for surgery from an outside hospital. RESULTS A total of 27 patients were identified undergoing exploratory laparotomy for definitive treatment of PPUD. The majority of patients queried underwent level A operations, the most urgent level of activation. In our institution, a Level A operation needs to go to the operating room within one hour of arrival to the hospital. Average mortality for this patient population was 14.8%. The readmission rate was 40.1%, and average length of ICU stay post-operatively was 16 days, with 83% of non-transfer patients requiring ICU admission and 100% of transfer patients requiring ICU admission, although this was not found to be statistically significant. Average length of hospital stay was 27 days overall. For non-transfer patients and transfer patients, LOS was 20 days and 41 days, respectively, which was statistically significant by one-sided t-test (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION Patients transferred for definitive care of PPUD in a population otherwise notable for high mortality and high readmission rates: their average length of stay compared to non-transfer patients was over twice the length, which was statistically significant. Transferred patients also had higher rates of ICU care requirement although this was not statistically significant. Further inquiry to identify modifiable variables to facilitate the care of transferred patients is warranted, especially in the context of improving quality metrics known to enhance patient outcomes, satisfaction, and value.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schneider
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Rachel Schneider, 514 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Richard Perugini
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Rachel Schneider, 514 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - S Karthikeyan
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Rachel Schneider, 514 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - O Okereke
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Rachel Schneider, 514 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - D M Herscovici
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Rachel Schneider, 514 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - A Richard
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Rachel Schneider, 514 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - T Doan
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Rachel Schneider, 514 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - L Suh
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Rachel Schneider, 514 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - James E Carroll
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Rachel Schneider, 514 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
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Schneider R, Perugini R, Karthikeyan S, Okereke O, Herscovici DM, Richard A, Doan T, Suh L, Carroll JE. Correction: Perforated peptic ulcer disease in transferred patients is associated with significant increase in length of stay. Surg Endosc 2024; 38:1662. [PMID: 38228838 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-024-10697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- R Schneider
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Rachel Schneider, 514 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Richard Perugini
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Rachel Schneider, 514 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - S Karthikeyan
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Rachel Schneider, 514 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - O Okereke
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Rachel Schneider, 514 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - D M Herscovici
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Rachel Schneider, 514 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - A Richard
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Rachel Schneider, 514 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - T Doan
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Rachel Schneider, 514 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - L Suh
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Rachel Schneider, 514 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - James E Carroll
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Rachel Schneider, 514 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
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Wright N, Courchesne V, Pickles A, Bedford R, Duku E, Kerns CM, Bennett T, Georgiades S, Hill J, Richard A, Sharp H, Smith IM, Vaillancourt T, Zaidman-Zait A, Zwaigenbaum L, Szatmari P, Elsabbagh M. A longitudinal comparison of emotional, behavioral and attention problems in autistic and typically developing children. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7707-7719. [PMID: 37381780 PMCID: PMC10755241 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems are elevated in autistic individuals but there is limited evidence on the developmental course of problems across childhood. We compare the level and growth of anxious-depressed, behavioral and attention problems in an autistic and typically developing (TD) cohort. METHODS Latent growth curve models were applied to repeated parent-report Child Behavior Checklist data from age 2-10 years in an inception cohort of autistic children (Pathways, N = 397; 84% boys) and a general population TD cohort (Wirral Child Health and Development Study; WCHADS; N = 884, 49% boys). Percentile plots were generated to quantify the differences between autistic and TD children. RESULTS Autistic children showed elevated levels of mental health problems, but this was substantially reduced by accounting for IQ and sex differences between the autistic and TD samples. There was small differences in growth patterns; anxious-depressed problems were particularly elevated at preschool and attention problems at late childhood. Higher family income predicted lower base-level on all three dimensions, but steeper increase of anxious-depressed problems. Higher IQ predicted lower level of attention problems and faster decline over childhood. Female sex predicted higher level of anxious-depressed and faster decline in behavioral problems. Social-affect autism symptom severity predicted elevated level of attention problems. Autistic girls' problems were particularly elevated relative to their same-sex non-autistic peers. CONCLUSIONS Autistic children, and especially girls, show elevated mental health problems compared to TD children and there are some differences in predictors. Assessment of mental health should be integrated into clinical practice for autistic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Wright
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - V. Courchesne
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A. Pickles
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R. Bedford
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - E. Duku
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - C. M. Kerns
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | - J. Hill
- School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - A. Richard
- IWK Health Centre, Autism Research Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | - H. Sharp
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - I. M. Smith
- Dalhousie University and IWK Health, Halifax, Canada
| | | | | | | | - P. Szatmari
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - M. Elsabbagh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pathways Team
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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van der Meer D, Chovet L, Bera A, Richard A, Sánchez Cuevas PJ, Sánchez-Ibáñez JR, Olivares-Mendez M. REALMS: Resilient exploration and lunar mapping system. Front Robot AI 2023; 10:1127496. [PMID: 37064576 PMCID: PMC10097953 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2023.1127496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Space resource utilisation is opening a new space era. The scientific proof of the presence of water ice on the south pole of the Moon, the recent advances in oxygen extraction from lunar regolith, and its use as a material to build shelters are positioning the Moon, again, at the centre of important space programs. These worldwide programs, led by ARTEMIS, expect robotics to be the disrupting technology enabling humankind’s next giant leap. However, Moon robots require a high level of autonomy to perform lunar exploration tasks more efficiently without being constantly controlled from Earth. Furthermore, having more than one robotic system will increase the resilience and robustness of the global system, improving its success rate, as well as providing additional redundancy. This paper introduces the Resilient Exploration and Lunar Mapping System, developed with a scalable architecture for semi-autonomous lunar mapping. It leverages Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping techniques on multiple rovers to map large lunar environments. Several resilience mechanisms are implemented, such as two-agent redundancy, delay invariant communications, a multi-master architecture different control modes. This study presents the experimental results of REALMS with two robots and its potential to be scaled to a larger number of robots, increasing the map coverage and system redundancy. The system’s performance is verified and validated in a lunar analogue facility, and a larger lunar environment during the European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Resources Innovation Centre Space Resources Challenge. The results of the different experiments show the efficiency of REALMS and the benefits of using semi-autonomous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. van der Meer
- Space Robotics (SpaceR) Research Group, Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
- *Correspondence: D. van der Meer,
| | - L. Chovet
- Space Robotics (SpaceR) Research Group, Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - A. Bera
- Space Robotics (SpaceR) Research Group, Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - A. Richard
- Space Robotics (SpaceR) Research Group, Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | | | - J. R. Sánchez-Ibáñez
- Guidance Navigation and Control Department, Airbus Defence and Space Ltd., Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - M. Olivares-Mendez
- Space Robotics (SpaceR) Research Group, Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
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Fazel R, Yeh RW, Cohen D, Rao SV, Song Y, Secemsky EA, Richard A, Smith SF. TEMPORAL TRENDS AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH INTRAVASCULAR IMAGING DURING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(23)01423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Georgii C, Eichin KN, Richard A, Schnepper R, Naab S, Voderholzer U, Treasure J, Blechert J. I change my mind to get better: Process tracing-based microanalysis of food choice processes reveals differences between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa during inpatient treatment. Appetite 2022; 168:105745. [PMID: 34634375 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Food choice and its underlying processes is understudied in bulimia nervosa (BN) and anorexia nervosa (AN). Thus, we examined cognitive processes during food choice through mouse tracing in AN (n = 36) and BN (n = 27) undergoing inpatient treatment. Both patient groups and matched healthy controls (HC, n = 59) made 153 binary food choices before rating all foods on their liking and calorie density. Choice outcomes and corresponding mouse movements were modelled as a function of inpatient treatment stage in our analyses. Compared to patients with BN and HC, those with AN showed a clear calorie avoidance on most trials. Yet, mouse paths in AN patients early in treatment, revealed a late direction reversal ('change of mind', CoM) on high-calorie choices. AN patients later in treatment, by contrast, showed fewer CoM alongside more choices for - and liking of - high-calorie foods. Patients with BN showed more CoM trials during low-calorie choices and low-calorie choices were more frequent in patients later in treatment. Thus, relative to patients early in treatment, patients who are later in treatment show less of the overall group pattern of consistently choosing low-calorie food (AN) or high-calorie food (BN). Less cognitive regulation (fewer CoM trials) went along with higher liking for high-calorie foods in AN. These cross-sectional differences between AN early and late in treatment might reflect the formation of healthier habits. In addition, clear patient group differences suggest more specific treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Georgii
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Katharina Naomi Eichin
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna Richard
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
| | - Rebekka Schnepper
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Silke Naab
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
| | - Ulrich Voderholzer
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Janet Treasure
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, England, UK
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Schnepper R, Richard A, Georgii C, Arend AK, Naab S, Voderholzer U, Wilhelm FH, Blechert J. Bad mood food? Increased versus decreased food cue reactivity in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa during negative emotions. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2021; 29:756-769. [PMID: 34176193 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotion regulation difficulties in anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) might underlie bingeing and purging in BN, extreme fasting in AN, or combinations of these symptoms in binge-purge type AN. In this study, we tested for decreased food cue reactivity in response to negative emotions in AN, and the opposite pattern for BN. Furthermore, we explored subgroup differences (restrictive vs. binge-purging AN; history of AN in BN). METHOD Patients with AN (n = 41), BN (n = 39), and matched controls (n = 70) completed an emotional eating questionnaire. In a laboratory experiment, we induced negative emotions and measured food cue reactivity (pleasantness, desire to eat (DTE), and corrugator muscle activity). RESULTS AN reported emotional undereating, while BN reported emotional overeating. In the laboratory task, BN showed increased DTE and an appetitive corrugator response during negative emotions, selectively towards high-calorie foods. AN showed generalized reduced cue reactivity to high-calorie food regardless of emotional state. This pattern appears to be characteristic of restrictive AN, while cue reactivity of both BN subgroups pointed towards emotional overeating. CONCLUSIONS The emotional over- versus undereating framework might help to explain bingeing and restricting along the anorectic-bulimic disorder spectrum, which calls for novel transdiagnostic theories and subgroup-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Schnepper
- Department of Psychology, Division of Health Psychology, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna Richard
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
| | - Claudio Georgii
- Department of Psychology, Division of Health Psychology, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ann-Kathrin Arend
- Department of Psychology, Division of Health Psychology, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Silke Naab
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
| | - Ulrich Voderholzer
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frank H Wilhelm
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychopathology, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, Division of Health Psychology, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Reichenberger J, Schnepper R, Arend A, Richard A, Voderholzer U, Naab S, Blechert J. Emotional eating across different eating disorders and the role of body mass, restriction, and binge eating. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:773-784. [PMID: 33656204 PMCID: PMC8252459 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Different subtypes of eating disorders (ED) show dysfunctional eating behaviors such as overeating and/or restriction in response to emotions. Yet, systematic comparisons of all major EDs on emotional eating patterns are lacking. Furthermore, emotional eating correlates with body mass index (BMI), which also differs between EDs and thus confounds this comparison. METHOD Interview-diagnosed female ED patients (n = 204) with restrictive (AN-R) or binge-purge anorexia nervosa (AN-BP), bulimia nervosa (BN), or binge-eating disorder (BED) completed a questionnaire assessing "negative emotional eating" (sadness, anger, anxiety) and "happiness eating." ED groups were compared to BMI-matched healthy controls (HCs; n = 172 ranging from underweight to obesity) to exclude BMI as a confound. RESULTS Within HCs, higher BMI was associated with higher negative emotional eating and lower happiness eating. AN-R reported the lowest degree of negative emotional eating relative to other EDs and BMI-matched HCs, and the highest degree of happiness eating relative to other EDs. The BN and BED groups showed higher negative emotional eating compared to BMI-matched HCs. Patients with AN-BP occupied an intermediate position between AN-R and BN/BED and reported less happiness eating compared to BMI-matched HCs. DISCUSSION Negative emotional and happiness eating patterns differ across EDs. BMI-independent emotional eating patterns distinguish ED subgroups and might be related to the occurrence of binge eating versus restriction. Hence, different types of emotional eating can represent fruitful targets for tailored psychotherapeutic interventions. While BN and BED might be treated with similar approaches, AN-BP and AN-R would need specific treatment modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Reichenberger
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive NeuroscienceParis‐Lodron‐University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Rebekka Schnepper
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive NeuroscienceParis‐Lodron‐University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Ann‐Kathrin Arend
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive NeuroscienceParis‐Lodron‐University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | | | - Ulrich Voderholzer
- Schoen Clinic RoseneckPrien am ChiemseeGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Hospital of the LMU MunichMunichGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Hospital FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Silke Naab
- Schoen Clinic RoseneckPrien am ChiemseeGermany
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive NeuroscienceParis‐Lodron‐University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
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Richard A, Robert P, Eid M, Barbelivien A, Tetaud C, Fouquet O, Henrion D, Loufrani L. Role of mitochondrial dynamics in aortic aneurysm. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2021.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Georgii C, Schulte-Mecklenbeck M, Richard A, Van Dyck Z, Blechert J. The dynamics of self-control: within-participant modeling of binary food choices and underlying decision processes as a function of restrained eating. Psychol Res 2020; 84:1777-1788. [PMID: 31004194 PMCID: PMC7478946 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-019-01185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Successful self-control during food choice might require inhibition of impulses to avoid indulging in tempting but calorie-dense foods, and this might particularly apply to individuals restraining their food intake. Adopting a novel within-participant modeling approach, we tested 62 females during a mouse-tracking based binary food choice task. Subsequent ratings of foods on palatability, healthiness, and calorie density were modeled as predictors for both decision outcome (choice) and decision process (measures of self-control conflict) while considering the moderating role of restrained eating. Results revealed that individuals higher on restrained eating were less likely to choose more high-calorie foods and showed less self-control conflict when choosing healthier foods. The latter finding is in contrast with the common assumption of self-control as requiring effortful and conscious inhibition of temptation impulses. Interestingly, restrained eaters rated healthy and low-calorie foods as more palatable than individuals with lower restrained eating scores, both in the main experiment and an independent replication study, hinting at an automatic and rather effortless mechanism of self-control (palatability shift) that obviates effortful inhibition of temptation impulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Georgii
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Michael Schulte-Mecklenbeck
- Institute of Marketing and Management, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Richard
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien, Germany
| | - Zoé Van Dyck
- Faculty of Language and Literature, Humanities, Arts and Education, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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Pucino V, Turner JD, Kollert F, Rauz S, Richard A, Higham J, Poveda-Gallego A, Bowman SJ, Barone F, Fisher B. SAT0229 PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS REVEALS ASSOCIATION BETWEEN IMMUNE-METABOLIC BIOMARKERS AND CLINICAL SYMPTOMS IN SICCA PATIENTS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease whose main characteristic is involvement of the exocrine glandular system. Thus, its most common clinical manifestation is eye and mouth dryness which, alongside fatigue and pain, contributes to poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A growing body of evidence recognises the adipose tissue as an active endocrine organ secreting bioactive mediators involved in metabolic and inflammatory disorders. A relationship between obesity and symptoms in SS has not yet been elucidated.Objectives:To explore potential associations between obesity-related immune-metabolic biomarkers and clinical symptoms in SS and sicca patients.Methods:Proteomics analysis of 184 cardio-immuno-metabolic proteins was assessed on sera from 53 SS (50 females (F), 3 males (M); mean age 54 years) and 60 sicca (56 F, 4 M; mean age 57 years) patients. Participants were enrolled in the Birmingham Optimising Assessment in Sjögren`s Syndrome (OASIS) cohort and examinations included the EULAR SS Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI), Schirmer’s test, unstimulated whole saliva, minor labial salivary gland biopsy, EuroQoL-5 dimension (EQ-5D) tool, immunological parameters, body max index (BMI) and Hb1Ac. Participants with SS fulfilled 2016 ACR/EULAR criteria. Non-SS sicca patients were anti-Ro antibody negative, displayed objective oral and/or ocular dryness, and did not have a physician diagnosis for SS. Linear regression analysis and univariate models were performed to identify the key predictors of symptoms.Results:HRQoL as measured as EQ-5D utility values, symptoms as assessed by ESSPRI, and BMI did not differ between the SS and sicca group. However, strong correlations between BMI (or fat or fat-free mass) and EQ-5D and ESSPRI scores were found in the sicca but not in the SS group. Among several proteins investigated, ADM, TNFRSF13B, FGF23, IL10RB, CD5, CD40, IL1RA, TNRSFN9, TNFRSF10A, TNFRSF11A, TRAILR2, GAL9, SPON2, ACE2, LEP, CD4, IL12B, SLAMF1, PD-L1 positively correlated with symptoms in the sicca group (R ≥ 0.3; Holm’s adjusted P ≤ 0.05). Adrenomedullin (ADM) showed the strongest correlation with ESSPRI (R = 0.56; P < 0.0001); age (R = 0.45; P = 0.0003); BMI (R = 0.43, P = 0.0008); Ocular Surface Disease Index (R = 0.32, P = 0.03); EQ-5D utility value (R = -0.45, P = 0.001) and VAS patient (R = -0.41, P = 0.008). There was no association between ADM and gender, Schirmer`s test, disease and symptom duration (P > 0.05). ADM was independently associated with ESSPRI scores in non-SS sicca patients when corrected for BMI, age, HbA1c, depression and anxiety scores. None of the above mentioned proteins correlated with clinical symptoms in the SS group.Conclusion:The study suggests that obesity-related immune-metabolic factors may play a role in regulating the symptoms in non-SS sicca patients. ADM appears to be a strong independent predictor of symptoms in these patients but not in SS.Disclosure of Interests:Valentina Pucino: None declared, Jason D. Turner: None declared, Florian Kollert Employee of: Novartis, Saaeha Rauz: None declared, Andrea Richard: None declared, Jon Higham: None declared, Ana Poveda-Gallego: None declared, Simon J. Bowman Consultant of: Astrazeneca, Biogen, BMS, Celgene, Medimmune, MTPharma, Novartis, Ono, UCB, xtlbio, Glapagos, Speakers bureau: Novartis, Francesca Barone: None declared, Benjamin Fisher: None declared
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Kollert F, Pucino V, Rauz S, Richard A, Higham J, Povedo-Gallego A, Brown RM, Bates T, Bowman SJ, Barone F, Fisher B. SAT0215 HISTORY OF TONSILLECTOMY IS ASSOCIATED WITH GLANDULAR INFLAMMATION IN SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:The palatine tonsils are secondary lymphoid-organs that serve as the first line of defense against pathogens. Whether history of tonsillectomy (TE) is associated with the phenotype of Sjögren`s syndrome (SjS) has not been investigated to date.Objectives:To test whether TE is linked to SjS phenotype and disease activity scores.Methods:A total of 183 patients from the Optimising Assessment in Sjögren`s Syndrome (OASIS) cohort with SjS or non-SjS sicca syndrome were analysed. Patients with SjS fulfilled 2016 ACR/EULAR classification for primary SjS; sicca patients had objective and/or subjective dryness, but were anti-Ro/SSA negative and had no physician diagnosis of SjS. One SjS patient who had TE around the time of symptom onset was excluded.Results:Of the total cohort, 116 were diagnosed with SjS (86.2% SSA/Ro positive) and 67 with non-SjS sicca syndrome. Overall, 29% (53/183) had TE; 24.1% of the SjS patients (28/116) and 37.3% of the sicca patients (25/67). The prevalence of TE was higher in sicca than in SjS (p=0.043). The median age at TE was 8 (range 3-50) years and did not differ between SjS and sicca patients (p=0.629). Neither age at first symptoms (p=0.093) nor disease duration (p=0.623) were associated with TE in patients with SjS. SjS patients with TE showed a higher average histological focus score (2.1 (1.2-2.8) vs. 1.3 (0.0-4.3); p=0.049), and were more likely to have activity in the glandular (53.6 vs. 20.5%; p=0.001) and constitutional (39.3 vs. 14.9%, p=0.014) domains of the ESSDAI, and lower levels of IgG (12.2 (7.8-35.6) vs. 15.6 (5.7-56.4) g/l; p=0.012) and IgA (2.3 (0.9-6.6) vs. 2.9 (0.7-9.4) g/l; p=0.032). Whereas there was no difference in EQ5D utility values (p=0.718), VAS global health was significantly lower in the patients with SjS who had TE (58 (10-78) vs. 70 (10-97); p=0.021). There was no association between the status of TE and autoantibodies (SSA, SSB, RF), lachrymal and salivary glands function (Schirmer`s test, unstimulated saliva flow), complement (C3, C4), serum levels of free light chains, β2-microglobulin, ESSPRI, or total ESSDAI (all p-values >0.1). Of 181 patients, 12.7% (23/283) had appendectomy (AE); 10.5% (12/114) of the SjS patients and 16.4 %(11/67) of the sicca patients (p=0.258). With the exception of lower unstimulated salivary flow (0.086 (0.01-0.43) vs. 0.11 (0.0-1.3) ml/min; p=0.026) in SjS patients with AE, there were no differences in disease phenotype between SjS patients with and without AE (all p-values >0.1).Conclusion:History of TE in SjS is associated with higher average focus scores and with glandular swelling. It could be speculated that the absence of palatine tonsils is compensated by enhanced lymphocytic infiltrates in the salivary glands. Further research is required to determine if TE is a risk factor for both SjS and non-SjS sicca and to determine the role of the tonsils in the generation of hypergammaglobulinaemia in SjS.Disclosure of Interests:Florian Kollert Employee of: Novartis, Valentina Pucino: None declared, Saaeha Rauz: None declared, Andrea Richard: None declared, Jon Higham: None declared, Ana Povedo-Gallego: None declared, Rachel M. Brown: None declared, Timothy Bates: None declared, Simon J. Bowman Consultant of: Astrazeneca, Biogen, BMS, Celgene, Medimmune, MTPharma, Novartis, Ono, UCB, xtlbio, Glapagos, Speakers bureau: Novartis, Francesca Barone: None declared, Benjamin Fisher: None declared
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Abstract
IntroductionBody image dissatisfaction is a risk factor for depression. Research has focused on female adolescents; yet little is known about sex and age differences.Objectives/aimsThe aim of our study was to evaluate the association of body weight dissatisfaction, a component of body image, with depression overall, and for different sex and age-groups independent of body weight.MethodsWe analyzed data of 15,975 individuals from the cross-sectional 2012 Swiss Health Survey. Participants were asked about their weight satisfaction. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to ascertain depression. Age was stratified in three groups (≥ 18-29; ≥ 30-59; ≥ 60 years). Body mass index (BMI) was self-reported and categorized into normal weight (BMI: 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI: 25.0-29.9 kg/m2), and obesity (BMI: ≥ 30 kg/m2). The association between weight dissatisfaction and depression was assessed with logistic regression analyses and adjusted for known confounders (including BMI).ResultsWeight dissatisfaction was associated with depression in the overall group (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.66-2.50) and in men (1.85, 1.34-2.56) and women (2.25, 1.71-2.96) separately, independent of body weight (multivariable adjusted). Stratification by age groups revealed associations of weight dissatisfaction with depression in young (1.78, 1.16-2.74), middle-aged (2.1, 1.61-2.74) and old individuals (2.34, 1.30-4.23) independent of BMI. A sub-analysis in the overall group revealed statistically significant positive associations of weight dissatisfaction with depression in underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese individuals.ConclusionBody weight dissatisfaction is associated with depression in men, women, young, middle-aged and old individuals independent of BMI.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Abstract
IntroductionLoneliness is a common emotional distress experience and there is increasing evidence of associations with unhealthy lifestyle and adverse health-related factors. Little is known about age and sex as potential effect modifiers, and about the prevalence of loneliness.Objective/aimsTo assess the associations of loneliness with behavioral, physical and mental health factors, taking sex and age into account and to examine the prevalence of loneliness in individuals aged 15+ years.MethodsData from 20,007 participants of the cross-sectional population-based Swiss Health Survey 2012 were analyzed. The association of loneliness with lifestyle and health-related factors were assessed with logistic regression analyses. Wald tests were used to test for age and sex differences.ResultsLoneliness was reported by 64.1% of individuals, and was associated with smoking (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.05–1.23), physical inactivity (1.20, 1.10–1.31), non-adherence to the 5-a-day recommendation for fruit and vegetable consumption (1.21, 1.07–1.37), and more visits to a physician within the last year (1.29, 1.17–1.42). Loneliness was also associated with high cholesterol levels (1.31, 1.18–1.45), diabetes (1.40, 1.16–1.67), self-reported chronic diseases (1.41, 1.30–1.54), impaired self-perceived health (1.94, 1.74–2.16), moderate and high psychological distress (3.74, 3.37–4.16), and depression (2.78, 2.22–3.48). Age modulated the associations in BMI, smoking, visiting a physician within the past year, and self-perceived health. Sex did generally not modulate the associations.ConclusionLoneliness is associated with unhealthy lifestyle, and poorer physical and mental health. Associations were modulated by age, but not sex. Further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the causal relationships of these associations.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Meule A, Richard A, Dinic R, Blechert J. Effects of a Smartphone-Based Approach-Avoidance Intervention on Chocolate Craving and Consumption: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e12298. [PMID: 31682584 PMCID: PMC6858611 DOI: 10.2196/12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeatedly pushing high-calorie food stimuli away based on joystick movements has been found to reduce approach biases toward these stimuli. Some studies also found that such avoidance training reduced consumption of high-calorie foods. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test effects of a smartphone-based approach-avoidance intervention on chocolate craving and consumption, to make such interventions suitable for daily use. METHODS Within a 10-day period, regular chocolate eaters (n=105, 86% female) performed five sessions during which they continuously avoided (ie, swiped upward) chocolate stimuli (experimental group, n=35), performed five sessions during which they approached and avoided chocolate stimuli equally often (placebo control group, n=35), or did not perform any training sessions (inactive control group, n=35). Training effects were measured during laboratory sessions before and after the intervention period and further continuously through daily ecological momentary assessment. RESULTS Self-reported chocolate craving and consumption as well as body fat mass significantly decreased from pre- to postmeasurement across all groups. Ecological momentary assessment reports evidenced no differences in chocolate craving and consumption between intervention days and rest days as a function of the group. CONCLUSIONS A smartphone-based approach-avoidance training did not affect eating-related and anthropometric measures over and above measurement-based changes in this study. Future controlled studies need to examine whether other techniques of modifying food approach tendencies show an add-on benefit over conventional, monitoring-based intervention effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION AsPredicted 8203; https://aspredicted.org/pt9df.pdf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Meule
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Richard
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
| | - Radomir Dinic
- Department of MultiMediaTechnology, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, Puch, Austria
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Meule A, Richard A, Schnepper R, Reichenberger J, Georgii C, Naab S, Voderholzer U, Blechert J. Emotion regulation and emotional eating in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Eat Disord 2019; 29:1-17. [PMID: 31345125 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2019.1642036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) show emotion regulation deficits. While individuals with BN use binge eating to regulate negative affect, individuals with restricting-type AN may use self-starvation for this purpose. The current study examined the emotion regulatory function of over- and undereating in response to different emotional states in women with restrictive AN (n = 54), BN (n = 47), and women without eating disorders (n = 68). Participants completed self-report measures assessing the use of emotion regulation strategies and emotional eating. Both patient groups reported using more dysfunctional and less functional emotion regulation strategies than controls. The BN group reported eating more than usual in response to negative emotions but less than usual in response to positive emotions. In contrast, the AN group reported eating more than usual in response to positive emotions and less than usual in response to negative emotions. More dysfunctional emotion regulation related to eating less in response to negative emotions in the AN group. Less functional emotion regulation related to eating less when being happy in the BN group. The current study highlights the need to differentiate between different eating outcomes and different emotional states when examining emotion effects on food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Meule
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of the LMU Munich , Munich , Germany
- b Schoen Clinic Roseneck , Prien am Chiemsee , Germany
| | - Anna Richard
- b Schoen Clinic Roseneck , Prien am Chiemsee , Germany
| | - Rebekka Schnepper
- c Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
- d Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Julia Reichenberger
- c Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
- d Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Claudio Georgii
- c Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
- d Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Silke Naab
- b Schoen Clinic Roseneck , Prien am Chiemsee , Germany
| | - Ulrich Voderholzer
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of the LMU Munich , Munich , Germany
- b Schoen Clinic Roseneck , Prien am Chiemsee , Germany
- e Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Jens Blechert
- c Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
- d Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
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Meule A, Richard A, Lender A, Dinic R, Brockmeyer T, Rinck M, Blechert J. Measuring approach-avoidance tendencies towards food with touchscreen-based arm movements. Psychol Res 2019; 84:1789-1800. [PMID: 31055649 PMCID: PMC7479004 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-019-01195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most tasks for measuring automatic approach-avoidance tendencies do not resemble naturalistic approach-avoidance behaviors. Therefore, we developed a paradigm for the assessment of approach-avoidance tendencies towards palatable food, which is based on arm and hand movements on a touchscreen, thereby mimicking real-life grasping or warding movements. In Study 1 (n = 85), an approach bias towards chocolate-containing foods was found when participants reached towards the stimuli, but not when these stimuli had to be moved on the touchscreen. This approach bias towards food observed in grab movements was replicated in Study 2 (n = 60) and Study 3 (n = 94). Adding task features to disambiguate distance change through either corresponding image zooming (Study 2) or emphasized self-reference (Study 3) did not moderate this effect. Associations between approach bias scores and trait and state chocolate craving were inconsistent across studies. Future studies need to examine whether touchscreen-based approach-avoidance tasks reveal biases towards other stimuli in the appetitive or aversive valence domain and relate to relevant interindividual difference variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Meule
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Anna Richard
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
| | - Anja Lender
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Radomir Dinic
- Department of MultiMedia Technology, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, Puch, Austria
| | - Timo Brockmeyer
- Institute of Psychology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mike Rinck
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Richard A, Meule A, Georgii C, Voderholzer U, Cuntz U, Wilhelm FH, Blechert J. Associations between interoceptive sensitivity, intuitive eating, and body mass index in patients with anorexia nervosa and normal-weight controls. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2019; 27:571-577. [PMID: 30968474 PMCID: PMC6767487 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Reduced perception of bodily signals and low levels of intuitive eating have been reported in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) compared with normal‐weight individuals. However, findings have been inconsistent and treatment progress might account for some of these inconsistencies. Thirty‐seven inpatients with AN and 39 normal‐weight controls completed a heartbeat perception task and the Intuitive Eating Scale–2. Patients with AN reported lower intuitive eating than controls, whereas interoceptive sensitivity did not differ between groups. Higher interoceptive sensitivity was related to higher intuitive eating across both groups. In patients with AN, both higher interoceptive sensitivity and intuitive eating correlated with the number of days in the hospital and with higher body mass index (BMI), when controlling for BMI at admission. These relationships suggest that interoceptive sensitivity and intuitive eating improve during treatment. Future research should determine whether these improvements promote weight gain or follow it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Richard
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
| | - Adrian Meule
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Claudio Georgii
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ulrich Voderholzer
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Cuntz
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany.,Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Frank H Wilhelm
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Hawkes M, Richard A, Oldfield C, Toothaker A, Stokes M, Causey R. Improving Techniques to Study Equine Cervical Mucociliary Clearance. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 78:46-52. [PMID: 31203983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Postbreeding bacterial uterine infections inflict major losses on the equine industry. Microcurrents propelled by ciliated cells between the folds of the uterus and cervix have been proposed as a means by which contaminants are expelled. Previous data have shown possible ciliary microcurrents propelling carbon particles, occasionally rotating, through cervical folds. However, adherence to the epithelium may have interfered with movement of carbon in these studies. Therefore, we tested potentially nonadherent substances to reveal ciliary microcurrents on the equine cervix under high magnification videoendoscopy. We hypothesized that polyethylene green microspheres 1-5 and 70 μm in diameter, would be superior to carbon in revealing microcurrents on the cervical epithelium and that 50 μm hemispherically coated bichromal microspheres would display rotation. A suspension containing these microspheres and carbon was deposited onto the cervix of five estrous mares, and movement of each type of particle was recorded under high-magnification videoendoscopy for 10-20 minutes. Particles were subjectively assessed for movement between folds, past stationary points, in opposing directions and at different speeds. Visibility, aggregation, motion, and rotation were scored numerically and analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Backward rotation of bichromal spheres was interpreted as evidence of ciliary activity. Overall, carbon scored equal to or higher than the microspheres, leading to rejection of the hypothesis. Subjective assessment concluded that cervical movement was closely related to respiratory movements of the mare, and that the constantly moving cervical folds helped clear the deposited particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hawkes
- School of Food and Agriculture, Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - Anna Richard
- School of Food and Agriculture, Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - Chelsie Oldfield
- School of Food and Agriculture, Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - Alec Toothaker
- School of Food and Agriculture, Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - Martin Stokes
- School of Food and Agriculture, Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - Robert Causey
- School of Food and Agriculture, Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME.
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Richard A, Meule A, Blechert J. Implicit evaluation of chocolate and motivational need states interact in predicting chocolate intake in everyday life. Eat Behav 2019; 33:1-6. [PMID: 30738363 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Snack food consumption has a high relevance for health and is partially controlled by implicit, motivational processes that make self-control difficult at certain times. Specifically, research suggests that individuals with a more positive implicit food evaluation consume more snack foods in the laboratory under conditions of high motivational needs (e.g., hunger and food craving). Yet, no study investigated if and under which circumstances implicit evaluation of food predicts snack food intake in real life. In the present study, 60 female undergraduate students (mean age: 22.3 ± 2.34 years) at the University of Salzburg, Austria, completed a chocolate-related Single Category Implicit Association Test in the laboratory and then reported snack food intake during seven days of signal-contingent Ecological Momentary Assessment. Results showed that a more positive implicit evaluation of chocolate was associated with a higher likelihood of consuming chocolate in states of high hunger and high momentary chocolate craving, whereas no such modulatory pattern was found in states of low hunger or low chocolate craving. Therefore, interventions targeting daily chocolate craving and consumption may be particularly beneficial in specific situations (i.e., in states of high hunger and craving) and also in vulnerable populations (e.g., those with a more positive implicit food evaluation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Richard
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Adrian Meule
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Schnepper R, Richard A, Wilhelm FH, Blechert J. A combined mindfulness–prolonged chewing intervention reduces body weight, food craving, and emotional eating. J Consult Clin Psychol 2019; 87:106-111. [DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Drouin L, Pistorius MA, Lafforgue A, N’Gohou C, Richard A, Connault J, Espitia O. Épidémiologie des thromboses veineuses des membres supérieurs : étude rétrospective de 160 thromboses aiguës. Rev Med Interne 2019; 40:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Richard A, Harbeck N, Wuerstlein R, Wilhelm FH. Recover your smile: Effects of a beauty care intervention on depressive symptoms, quality of life, and self-esteem in patients with early breast cancer. Psychooncology 2018; 28:401-407. [PMID: 30511433 PMCID: PMC6590176 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medical cancer treatment is often accompanied by appearance-related side effects such as hair loss, skin irritation, and paleness, which can subsequently lead to psychosocial distress. Initial evidence suggests that beauty care interventions may reduce distress and improve quality of life (QoL), body image, and self-esteem immediately. METHODS We investigated the effects of a brief beauty care intervention on self-reported symptoms of depression, quality of life, body image, and self-esteem in 39 female primary breast cancer patients with appearance-related treatment side effects. Patients were randomly assigned either to an immediate intervention group (IG) or to a wait-list control (WL). The intervention consisted of a single-session group makeup workshop, a photo shooting, and of receiving professionally edited portrait and upper-body photos. RESULTS While groups did not differ regarding any measure at the pretreatment baseline assessment, IG patients reported less symptoms of depression, higher QoL, and higher self-esteem compared with baseline and compared with WL. Follow-up at 8 weeks indicated moderate stability of these improvements. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to previous research, results indicate beneficial short-term and midterm effects of beauty care on psychological outcomes in patients with early breast cancer. These results emphasize the utility of this type of brief, low-cost intervention in women undergoing medical cancer treatment in order to improve their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Richard
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nadia Harbeck
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Breast Center and CCC Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rachel Wuerstlein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Breast Center and CCC Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank H Wilhelm
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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24
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Delannoy M, Yehya S, Techer D, Razafitianamaharavo A, Richard A, Caria G, Baroudi M, Montargès-Pelletier E, Rychen G, Feidt C. Amendment of soil by biochars and activated carbons to reduce chlordecone bioavailability in piglets. Chemosphere 2018; 210:486-494. [PMID: 30025366 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone (Kepone or CLD) is a highly persistent pesticide formerly used in French West Indies. Nowadays high levels of this pesticide are still found in soils which represent a subsequent source of contamination for outdoor-reared animals. In that context, sequestering matrices like biochars or activated carbons (ACs) are believed to efficiently decrease the bioavailability of such compounds when added to contaminated soils. The present study intends to test the respective efficiency of soil amendment strategies using commercial ACs or biochars (obtained by a 500 °C or 700 °C pyrolysis of 4 distinct type of wood). This study involved three experimental steps. The first one characterized specific surface areas of biochars and ACs. The second one assessed CLD-availability of contaminated artificial soils (50 μg g-1 of Dry Matter) amended with 5% of biochar or AC (mass basis). The third one assessed CLD bioavailability of those artificial soils through an in vivo assay. To limit ethically the number of animals, selections of the most promising media were performed between each experimental steps. Forty four castrated male 40-day-old piglets were exposed during 10 day by amended artificial soils according to their group (n = 4). Only treatment groups exposed through amended soil with AC presented a significant decrease of concentrations of CLD in liver and adipose tissue in comparison with the control group (p < 0.001). A non-significant decrease was obtained by amending artificial soil with biochars. This decrease was particularly high for a coconut shell activated carbon were relative bioavailability was found lower than 3.2% for both tissues. This study leads to conclude that AC introduced in CLD contaminated soil should strongly reduce CLD bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Delannoy
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France.
| | - S Yehya
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France; Department of Health and Environment, Lebanese University - Faculty of Public Health Section III, Laboratory of Water and Environmental Sciences, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - D Techer
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - A Razafitianamaharavo
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 15 Avenue du Charmois, F-54500, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | - A Richard
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux UMR 7360 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, France
| | - G Caria
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux UMR 7360 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, France
| | - M Baroudi
- Department of Health and Environment, Lebanese University - Faculty of Public Health Section III, Laboratory of Water and Environmental Sciences, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - E Montargès-Pelletier
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 15 Avenue du Charmois, F-54500, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | - G Rychen
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - C Feidt
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France
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25
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Mediouni S, Jablonski JA, Tsuda S, Richard A, Kessing C, Andrade MV, Biswas A, Even Y, Tellinghuisen T, Choe H, Cameron M, Stevenson M, Valente ST. Potent suppression of HIV-1 cell attachment by Kudzu root extract. Retrovirology 2018; 15:64. [PMID: 30236131 PMCID: PMC6149077 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-018-0446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a constant need to improve antiretrovirals against HIV since therapy is limited by cost, side effects and the emergence of drug resistance. Kudzu is a climbing vine from which the root extract (Pueraria lobata), rich in isoflavones and saponins, has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for a variety of purposes, from weight loss to alcoholism prevention. Here we show that Kudzu root extract significantly inhibits HIV-1 entry into cell lines, primary human CD4+T lymphocytes and macrophages, without cell-associated toxicity. Specifically, Kudzu inhibits the initial attachment of the viral particle to the cell surface, a mechanism that depends on the envelope glycoprotein gp120 but is independent from the HIV-1 cell receptor CD4 and co-receptors CXCR4/CCR5. This activity seems selective to lentiviruses since Kudzu inhibits HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus, but does not interfere with Hepatitis C, Influenza, Zika Brazil and adenovirus infection. Importantly, depending on the dose, Kudzu can act synergistically or additively with the current antiretroviral cocktails against HIV-1 and can block viruses resistant to the fusion inhibitor Enfuvirtide. Together our results highlight Kudzu's root extract value as a supplement to current antiretroviral therapy against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mediouni
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, 3C1, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - J A Jablonski
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, 3C1, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - S Tsuda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, 3C1, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - A Richard
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, 3C1, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - C Kessing
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, 3C1, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - M V Andrade
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - A Biswas
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, 3C1, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Y Even
- The Botanist's Beach Farm, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - T Tellinghuisen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, 3C1, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.,Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - H Choe
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, 3C1, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - M Cameron
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - M Stevenson
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - S T Valente
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, 3C1, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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26
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Miedl SF, Blechert J, Meule A, Richard A, Wilhelm FH. Suppressing images of desire: Neural correlates of chocolate-related thoughts in high and low trait chocolate cravers. Appetite 2018. [PMID: 29518469 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chocolate is the most often craved food in Western societies and many individuals try to resist its temptation due to weight concerns. Suppressing chocolate-related thoughts might, however, lead to paradoxical enhancements of these thoughts and this effect might be more pronounced in individuals with frequent chocolate cravings. In the current study, neural and cognitive correlates of chocolate thought suppression were investigated as a function of trait chocolate craving. Specifically, 20 high and 20 low trait chocolate cravers followed suppression vs. free thinking instructions after being exposed to chocolate and neutral images. Enhanced cue reactivity was evident in high trait chocolate cravers in that they reported more chocolate-related thoughts selectively after chocolate images compared to their low trait craving counterparts. This cue reactivity was mirrored neurally by higher activation in the ventral and dorsal striatum, demonstrating enhanced reward system activity. Unexpectedly, high trait chocolate cravers successfully reduced their elevated chocolate thoughts in the suppression condition. This lends support for the use of thought suppression as a means of regulating unwanted thoughts, cravings and imagery. Whether this thought manipulation is able to curb the elevated cue reactivity and the underlying reward sensitivity in chocolate cravers in applied settings remains to be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan F Miedl
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Adrian Meule
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna Richard
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Frank H Wilhelm
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Austria
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27
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Richard A, Meule A, Blechert J. When and how do explicit measures of food craving predict implicit food evaluation? A moderated mediation model. Food Qual Prefer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Popa T, Hubsch C, James P, Richard A, Russo M, Pradeep S, Krishan S, Roze E, Meunier S, Kishore A. Abnormal cerebellar processing of the neck proprioceptive information drives dysfunctions in cervical dystonia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2263. [PMID: 29396401 PMCID: PMC5797249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum can influence the responsiveness of the primary motor cortex (M1) to undergo spike timing-dependent plastic changes through a complex mechanism involving multiple relays in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway. Previous TMS studies showed that cerebellar cortex excitation can block the increase in M1 excitability induced by a paired-associative stimulation (PAS), while cerebellar cortex inhibition would enhance it. Since cerebellum is known to be affected in many types of dystonia, this bidirectional modulation was assessed in 22 patients with cervical dystonia and 23 healthy controls. Exactly opposite effects were found in patients: cerebellar inhibition suppressed the effects of PAS, while cerebellar excitation enhanced them. Another experiment comparing healthy subjects maintaining the head straight with subjects maintaining the head turned as the patients found that turning the head is enough to invert the cerebellar modulation of M1 plasticity. A third control experiment in healthy subjects showed that proprioceptive perturbation of the sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle had the same effects as turning the head. We discuss these finding in the light of the recent model of a mesencephalic head integrator. We also suggest that abnormal cerebellar processing of the neck proprioceptive information drives dysfunctions of the integrator in cervical dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Popa
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.
| | - C Hubsch
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - P James
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India
| | - A Richard
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - M Russo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Pradeep
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India
| | - S Krishan
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India
| | - E Roze
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - S Meunier
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - A Kishore
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India
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29
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Ladouceur M, Benoit L, Basquin A, Radojevic J, Hauet Q, Hascoet S, Moceri P, Le Gloan L, Amedro P, Lucron H, Richard A, Gouton M, Nizard J. Maternal and fetal outcome in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease: A multicenter observational study. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2017.11.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Richard A, Meule A, Friese M, Blechert J. Effects of Chocolate Deprivation on Implicit and Explicit Evaluation of Chocolate in High and Low Trait Chocolate Cravers. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1591. [PMID: 28955287 PMCID: PMC5600961 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet failures are often attributed to an increase in cravings for attractive foods. However, accumulating evidence shows that food cravings actually decrease during energy-restricting weight-loss interventions. The current study aimed at elucidating possible mechanisms that may explain how and under which circumstances food cravings in- or decrease during dieting. Specifically, decreases in food cravings during weight-loss diets may be due to effects of energy restriction (homeostatic changes) and to effects of avoiding specific foods (hedonic changes). Thus, we used a selective, hedonic deprivation (i.e., restricting intake of a specific food in the absence of an energy deficit) that precludes homeostatic changes due to energy restriction. Furthermore, interindividual differences in food craving experiences might affect why some individuals are more prone to experience cravings during dieting than others. Thus, we investigated whether a selective deprivation of chocolate would in- or decrease craving and implicit preference for chocolate as a function of trait-level differences in chocolate craving. Participants with high and low trait chocolate craving (HC, LC) refrained from consuming chocolate for 2 weeks but otherwise maintained their usual food intake. Both groups underwent laboratory assessments before and after deprivation, each including explicit (i.e., state chocolate craving) and implicit measures (i.e., Single Category Implicit Association Test, SC-IAT; Affect Misattribution Procedure, AMP). Results showed that hedonic deprivation increased state chocolate craving in HCs only. HCs also showed more positive implicit attitudes toward chocolate than LCs on the SC-IAT and the AMP irrespective of deprivation. Results help to disambiguate previous studies on the effects of dieting on food cravings. Specifically, while previous studies showed that energy-restricting diets appear to decrease food cravings, the current study showed that a selective, hedonic deprivation in the absence of an energy deficit increases food cravings. However, this effect can only be observed for individuals with high trait craving levels. Thus, if attractive foods are strictly avoided through a selective deprivation, HCs are at risk to experience craving bouts in the absence of an energy deficit. As implicit preference was unaffected by chocolate deprivation, strong implicit preference for chocolate likely characterize a stable mechanism that drives consumption in HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Richard
- Department of Psychology, University of SalzburgSalzburg, Austria.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of SalzburgSalzburg, Austria
| | - Adrian Meule
- Department of Psychology, University of SalzburgSalzburg, Austria.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of SalzburgSalzburg, Austria
| | - Malte Friese
- Department of Psychology, Saarland UniversitySaarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, University of SalzburgSalzburg, Austria.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of SalzburgSalzburg, Austria
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31
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Gaboyer F, Le Milbeau C, Bohmeier M, Schwendner P, Vannier P, Beblo-Vranesevic K, Rabbow E, Foucher F, Gautret P, Guégan R, Richard A, Sauldubois A, Richmann P, Perras AK, Moissl-Eichinger C, Cockell CS, Rettberg P, Marteinsson, Monaghan E, Ehrenfreund P, Garcia-Descalzo L, Gomez F, Malki M, Amils R, Cabezas P, Walter N, Westall F. Mineralization and Preservation of an extremotolerant Bacterium Isolated from an Early Mars Analog Environment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8775. [PMID: 28821776 PMCID: PMC5562696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The artificial mineralization of a polyresistant bacterial strain isolated from an acidic, oligotrophic lake was carried out to better understand microbial (i) early mineralization and (ii) potential for further fossilisation. Mineralization was conducted in mineral matrixes commonly found on Mars and Early-Earth, silica and gypsum, for 6 months. Samples were analyzed using microbiological (survival rates), morphological (electron microscopy), biochemical (GC-MS, Microarray immunoassay, Rock-Eval) and spectroscopic (EDX, FTIR, RAMAN spectroscopy) methods. We also investigated the impact of physiological status on mineralization and long-term fossilisation by exposing cells or not to Mars-related stresses (desiccation and radiation). Bacterial populations remained viable after 6 months although the kinetics of mineralization and cell-mineral interactions depended on the nature of minerals. Detection of biosignatures strongly depended on analytical methods, successful with FTIR and EDX but not with RAMAN and immunoassays. Neither influence of stress exposure, nor qualitative and quantitative changes of detected molecules were observed as a function of mineralization time and matrix. Rock-Eval analysis suggests that potential for preservation on geological times may be possible only with moderate diagenetic and metamorphic conditions. The implications of our results for microfossil preservation in the geological record of Earth as well as on Mars are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gaboyer
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Orléans, France.
| | - C Le Milbeau
- Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans, UMR 7327, CNRS-Université d'Orléans, 1A Rue de la Férollerie, 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - M Bohmeier
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - P Schwendner
- UK Center for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - P Vannier
- MATIS - Prokaria, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - K Beblo-Vranesevic
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - E Rabbow
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - F Foucher
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Orléans, France
| | - P Gautret
- Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans, UMR 7327, CNRS-Université d'Orléans, 1A Rue de la Férollerie, 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - R Guégan
- Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans, UMR 7327, CNRS-Université d'Orléans, 1A Rue de la Férollerie, 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - A Richard
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - A Sauldubois
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - P Richmann
- Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans, UMR 7327, CNRS-Université d'Orléans, 1A Rue de la Férollerie, 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - A K Perras
- University Regensburg, Department of Microbiology, Regensburg, Germany.,Medical University of Graz, Department of Internal Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | | | - C S Cockell
- UK Center for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - P Rettberg
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | | | - E Monaghan
- Leiden Observatory, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - P Ehrenfreund
- Leiden Observatory, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - L Garcia-Descalzo
- Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial - Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CAB), Madrid, Spain
| | - F Gomez
- Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial - Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CAB), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Malki
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Amils
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - P Cabezas
- European Science Foundation (ESF), Strasbourg, France
| | - N Walter
- European Science Foundation (ESF), Strasbourg, France
| | - F Westall
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Orléans, France
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32
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Krieger JP, Cabaset S, Richard A, Ganeo-Christoffel L, Canonica C, Rohrmann S, Quack Lötscher K. Prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and their neonates: a multicentric study in Switzerland. Das Gesundheitswesen 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1606022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - C Canonica
- Universität Zürich, Zürich
- Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Gynecology and obstetrics, Bellinzona
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33
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Cabaset S, Krieger JP, Richard A, Rohrmann S, Quack Lötscher K. Vitamin D status and its determinants in healthy pregnant women living in Switzerland in the first trimester of pregnancy. Das Gesundheitswesen 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1606023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Lohse T, Rohrmann S, Richard A, Bopp M, Fäh D, Krieger JP. Competitiveness in women is associated with increased all-cause and CVD mortality, but speed in men reduces risk of CVD mortality. Das Gesundheitswesen 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1605959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Lohse
- Universität Zürich, Institut für Epidemiologie, Biostatistik und Prävention, Zürich
| | - S Rohrmann
- Universität Zürich, Institut für Epidemiologie, Biostatistik und Prävention, Zürich
| | - A Richard
- Universität Zürich, Institut für Epidemiologie, Biostatistik und Prävention, Zürich
| | - M Bopp
- Universität Zürich, Institut für Epidemiologie, Biostatistik und Prävention, Zürich
| | - D Fäh
- Universität Zürich, Institut für Epidemiologie, Biostatistik und Prävention, Zürich
| | - JP Krieger
- Universität Zürich, Institut für Epidemiologie, Biostatistik und Prävention, Zürich
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35
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Tardy B, Picard S, Guirimand F, Chapelle C, Danel Delerue M, Celarier T, Ciais JF, Vassal P, Salas S, Filbet M, Gomas JM, Guillot A, Gaultier JB, Merah A, Richard A, Laporte S, Bertoletti L. Bleeding risk of terminally ill patients hospitalized in palliative care units: the RHESO study. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:420-428. [PMID: 28035750 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Bleeding incidence as hemorrhagic risk factors are unknown in palliative care inpatients. We conducted a multicenter observational study (22 Palliative Care Units, 1199 patients). At three months, the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was 9.8%. Cancer, recent bleeding, thromboprophylaxis and antiplatelet therapy were independent risk factors. SUMMARY Background The value of primary thromboprophylaxis in patients admitted to palliative care units is debatable. Moreover, the risk of bleeding in these patients is unknown. Objectives Our primary aim was to assess the bleeding risk of patients in a real-world practice setting of hospital palliative care. Our secondary aim was to determine the incidence of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis and to identify risk factors for bleeding. Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. The primary outcome was adjudicated clinically relevant bleeding (i.e. a composite of major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding) at 3 months. The secondary outcome was symptomatic deep vein thrombosis. Results The most common reason for palliative care was cancer (90.7%). By 3 months, 1087 patients (91.3%) had died and 116 patients had presented at least one episode of clinically relevant bleeding (fatal in 23 patients). Taking into account the competing risk of death, the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was 9.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3-11.6). Deep vein thrombosis occurred in six patients (cumulative incidence, 0.5%; 95% CI, 0.2-1.1). Cancer, recent bleeding, antithrombotic prophylaxis and antiplatelet therapy were independently associated with clinically relevant bleeding at 3 months. Conclusions Decisions regarding the use of thromboprophylaxis in palliative care patients should take into account the high risk of bleeding in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Tardy
- Inserm, CIC 1408, FCRIN-INNOVTE, Saint-Etienne, France
- UMR1059 SAINBIOSE, Université Jean Monnet, PRES de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Service de Soins Intensifs Médicaux, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - S Picard
- Unité de Soins Palliatifs, Hôpital les Diaconesses, Paris, France
| | - F Guirimand
- Pôle Recherche SPES "soins palliatifs en société", Maison Médicale Jeanne Garnier, Paris, France
| | - C Chapelle
- Inserm, CIC 1408, FCRIN-INNOVTE, Saint-Etienne, France
- UMR1059 SAINBIOSE, Université Jean Monnet, PRES de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - M Danel Delerue
- Unité de Soins Palliatifs, Centre Hospitalier Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille, France
| | - T Celarier
- Fédération de Soins Palliatifs, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - J-F Ciais
- Unité de Soins Palliatifs, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - P Vassal
- Fédération de Soins Palliatifs, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - S Salas
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- CRO2, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- INSERM U911, Marseille, France
| | - M Filbet
- Centre de Soins Palliatifs, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civiles de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - J-M Gomas
- Unité de Soins Palliatifs, Hôpital Sainte Perine, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Guillot
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - J-B Gaultier
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - A Merah
- Inserm, CIC 1408, FCRIN-INNOVTE, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - A Richard
- Fédération de Soins Palliatifs, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - S Laporte
- UMR1059 SAINBIOSE, Université Jean Monnet, PRES de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Innovation et Pharmacologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - L Bertoletti
- Service de Médecine Vasculaire et Thérapeutique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
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Richard A, Meule A, Reichenberger J, Blechert J. Food cravings in everyday life: An EMA study on snack-related thoughts, cravings, and consumption. Appetite 2017; 113:215-223. [PMID: 28249745 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Food craving refers to an intense desire to consume a specific food and is regularly experienced by the majority of individuals. Yet, there are interindividual differences in the frequency and intensity of food craving experiences, which is often referred to as trait food craving. The characteristics and consequences of trait and state food craving have mainly been investigated in questionnaire-based and laboratory studies, which may not reflect individuals' behavior in daily life. In the present study, sixty-one participants completed the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait-reduced (FCQ-T-r) as measure of trait food craving, followed by seven days of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), during which they reported snack-related thoughts, craving intensity, and snack consumption at five times per day. Results showed that 86 percent of reported snacks were high-caloric, with chocolate-containing foods being the most often reported snacks. Individuals with high FCQ-T-r scores (high trait food cravers, HCs) thought more often about high-calorie than low-calorie snacks whereas no differences were found in individuals with low FCQ-T-r scores (low trait food cravers, LCs). Further, the relationship between craving intensity and snack-related thoughts was stronger in HCs than in LCs. Higher craving intensity was associated with more consumption of snacks and again this relationship was stronger in HCs than in LCs. Finally, more snack-related thoughts were related to more frequent consumption of snacks, independent of trait food craving. Thus, HCs are more prone to think about high-calorie snacks in their daily lives and to consume more snack foods when they experience intense cravings, which might be indicative of a heightened responding towards high-calorie foods. Thus, trait-level differences as well as snack-related thoughts should be targeted in dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Richard
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Adrian Meule
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Reichenberger
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Meule A, Richard A, Platte P. Food cravings prospectively predict decreases in perceived self-regulatory success in dieting. Eat Behav 2017; 24:34-38. [PMID: 27987433 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Food cravings are assumed to hamper dieting success, but most findings are based on cross-sectional studies. In the current study, female students were tested at the beginning of their first semester at university and six months later. They completed the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait-reduced (FCQ-T-r), the disinhibition subscale of the Eating Inventory, and the Perceived Self-Regulatory Success in Dieting Scale, and their height and weight were measured. Scores on the FCQ-T-r prospectively predicted higher disinhibition and lower perceived self-regulatory success in dieting after six months. Although FCQ-T-r scores did not predict increases in body mass index (BMI) directly, a serial mediation model revealed an indirect effect of FCQ-T-r scores at baseline on BMI after six months via increased disinhibition scores and decreased perceived self-regulatory success in dieting. To conclude, the current results provide evidence for a prospective relationship between trait food craving and decreases in dieting success. Furthermore, they suggest a possible mediator of this association (i.e., increases in disinhibited eating) as well as an indirect effect on body weight. Measurement of trait food craving may be a useful tool for predicting or monitoring treatment changes and relapse in eating- and weight disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Meule
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Anna Richard
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Petra Platte
- Institute of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Bucher B, Zhu S, Wu CY, Janssens RVF, Cline D, Hayes AB, Albers M, Ayangeakaa AD, Butler PA, Campbell CM, Carpenter MP, Chiara CJ, Clark JA, Crawford HL, Cromaz M, David HM, Dickerson C, Gregor ET, Harker J, Hoffman CR, Kay BP, Kondev FG, Korichi A, Lauritsen T, Macchiavelli AO, Pardo RC, Richard A, Riley MA, Savard G, Scheck M, Seweryniak D, Smith MK, Vondrasek R, Wiens A. Direct Evidence of Octupole Deformation in Neutron-Rich ^{144}Ba. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:112503. [PMID: 27035298 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.112503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The neutron-rich nucleus ^{144}Ba (t_{1/2}=11.5 s) is expected to exhibit some of the strongest octupole correlations among nuclei with mass numbers A less than 200. Until now, indirect evidence for such strong correlations has been inferred from observations such as enhanced E1 transitions and interleaving positive- and negative-parity levels in the ground-state band. In this experiment, the octupole strength was measured directly by sub-barrier, multistep Coulomb excitation of a post-accelerated 650-MeV ^{144}Ba beam on a 1.0-mg/cm^{2} ^{208}Pb target. The measured value of the matrix element, ⟨3_{1}^{-}∥M(E3)∥0_{1}^{+}⟩=0.65(+17/-23) eb^{3/2}, corresponds to a reduced B(E3) transition probability of 48(+25/-34) W.u. This result represents an unambiguous determination of the octupole collectivity, is larger than any available theoretical prediction, and is consistent with octupole deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bucher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Zhu
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C Y Wu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R V F Janssens
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D Cline
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - A B Hayes
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - M Albers
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A D Ayangeakaa
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P A Butler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C M Campbell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M P Carpenter
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C J Chiara
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J A Clark
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | | | - M Cromaz
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H M David
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C Dickerson
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - E T Gregor
- University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
- SUPA, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Harker
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C R Hoffman
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B P Kay
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - F G Kondev
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A Korichi
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- CSNSM, IN2P3-CNRS, bâtiment 104-108, F-91405 Orsay Campus, France
| | - T Lauritsen
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A O Macchiavelli
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R C Pardo
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A Richard
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - M A Riley
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - G Savard
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Scheck
- University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
- SUPA, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D Seweryniak
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M K Smith
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - R Vondrasek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A Wiens
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Wald HL, Bandle B, Richard A, Min S. Accuracy of Electronic Surveillance of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection at an Academic Medical Center. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1086/529079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective.To develop and validate a methodology for electronic surveillance of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs).Design.Diagnostic accuracy study.Setting.A 425-bed university hospital.Subjects.A total of 1,695 unique inpatient encounters from November 2009 through November 2010 with a high clinical suspicion of CAUTI.Methods.An algorithm was developed to identify incident CAUTIs from electronic health records (EHRs) on the basis of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) surveillance definition. CAUTIs identified by electronic surveillance were compared with the reference standard of manual surveillance by infection preventionists. To determine diagnostic accuracy, we created 2 × 2 tables, one unadjusted and one adjusted for misclassification using chart review and case adjudication. Unadjusted and adjusted test statistics (percent agreement, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value [PPV], negative predictive value [NPV], and κ) were calculated.Results.Electronic surveillance identified 64 CAUTIs compared with manual surveillance, which identified 19 CAUTIs for 97% agreement, 79% sensitivity, 97% sensitivity, 23% PPV, 100% NPV, and κ of .33. Compared with the reference standard adjusted for misclassification, which identified 55 CAUTIs, electronic surveillance had 98% agreement, 80% sensitivity, 99% specificity, 69% PPV, 99% NPV, and κ of .71.Conclusion.The electronic surveillance methodology had a high NPV and a low PPV compared with the reference standard, indicating a role of the electronic algorithm in screening data sets to exclude cases. However, the PPV markedly improved compared with the reference standard adjusted for misclassification, suggesting a future role in surveillance with improvements in EHRs.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2014;35(6):685–691
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Kirsten AM, Richard A, Tanase AM, Weihua C, Hosoe M, Hederer B. P251 Efficacy And Safety Of Once-daily Indacaterol/mometasone Compared With Twice-daily Salmeterol/fluticasone In Patients With Moderate To Very Severe Copd. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tajeddine R, Rambaux N, Lainey V, Charnoz S, Richard A, Rivoldini A, Noyelles B. Constraints on Mimas' interior from Cassini ISS libration measurements. Science 2014; 346:322-4. [PMID: 25324382 DOI: 10.1126/science.1255299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Like our Moon, the majority of the solar system's satellites are locked in a 1:1 spin-orbit resonance; on average, these satellites show the same face toward the planet at a constant rotation rate equal to the satellite's orbital rate. In addition to the uniform rotational motion, physical librations (oscillations about an equilibrium) also occur. The librations may contain signatures of the satellite's internal properties. Using stereophotogrammetry on Cassini Image Science Subsystem (ISS) images, we measured longitudinal physical forced librations of Saturn's moon Mimas. Our measurements confirm all the libration amplitudes calculated from the orbital dynamics, with one exception. This amplitude depends mainly on Mimas' internal structure and has an observed value of twice the predicted one, assuming hydrostatic equilibrium. After considering various possible interior models of Mimas, we argue that the satellite has either a large nonhydrostatic interior, or a hydrostatic one with an internal ocean beneath a thick icy shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tajeddine
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. IMCCE-Observatoire de Paris, UMR 8028 du CNRS, UPMC, Université Lille 1, 77 Av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France. Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UPMC - Paris VI, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - N Rambaux
- IMCCE-Observatoire de Paris, UMR 8028 du CNRS, UPMC, Université Lille 1, 77 Av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France. Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UPMC - Paris VI, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - V Lainey
- IMCCE-Observatoire de Paris, UMR 8028 du CNRS, UPMC, Université Lille 1, 77 Av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France
| | - S Charnoz
- Laboratoire AIM, UMR 7158, Université Paris Diderot/CEA IRFU/CNRS, Centre de l'Orme les Merisiers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A Richard
- IMCCE-Observatoire de Paris, UMR 8028 du CNRS, UPMC, Université Lille 1, 77 Av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France
| | - A Rivoldini
- Royal Observatory of Belgium, Avenue Circulaire 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Noyelles
- Department of Mathematics and Namur Center for Complex Systems, Université de Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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Richard A, Faeh D, Rohrmann S, Braun J, Tarnutzer S, Bopp M. 947: Italianity is associated with lower risk of prostate cancer mortality in Switzerland. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Popa T, Milani P, Richard A, Brochard V, Tranchant C, Rothwell J, Vidailhet M, Meunier S, Roze E. P926: On the neurophysiology of myoclonus-dystonia and why it stands apart from other primary dystonia. Clin Neurophysiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wald HL, Bandle B, Richard A, Min S. Accuracy of electronic surveillance of catheter-associated urinary tract infection at an academic medical center. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014; 35:685-91. [PMID: 24799645 DOI: 10.1086/676429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a methodology for electronic surveillance of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). DESIGN Diagnostic accuracy study. SETTING A 425-bed university hospital. SUBJECTS A total of 1,695 unique inpatient encounters from November 2009 through November 2010 with a high clinical suspicion of CAUTI. METHODS An algorithm was developed to identify incident CAUTIs from electronic health records (EHRs) on the basis of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) surveillance definition. CAUTIs identified by electronic surveillance were compared with the reference standard of manual surveillance by infection preventionists. To determine diagnostic accuracy, we created 2 × 2 tables, one unadjusted and one adjusted for misclassification using chart review and case adjudication. Unadjusted and adjusted test statistics (percent agreement, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value [PPV], negative predictive value [NPV], and κ) were calculated. RESULTS Electronic surveillance identified 64 CAUTIs compared with manual surveillance, which identified 19 CAUTIs for 97% agreement, 79% sensitivity, 97% sensitivity, 23% PPV, 100% NPV, and κ of .33. Compared with the reference standard adjusted for misclassification, which identified 55 CAUTIs, electronic surveillance had 98% agreement, 80% sensitivity, 99% specificity, 69% PPV, 99% NPV, and κ of .71. CONCLUSION The electronic surveillance methodology had a high NPV and a low PPV compared with the reference standard, indicating a role of the electronic algorithm in screening data sets to exclude cases. However, the PPV markedly improved compared with the reference standard adjusted for misclassification, suggesting a future role in surveillance with improvements in EHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Wald
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Richard A, Rohrmann S, Zhang L, Eichholzer M, Basaria S, Selvin E, Dobs AS, Kanarek N, Menke A, Nelson WG, Platz EA. Racial variation in sex steroid hormone concentration in black and white men: a meta-analysis. Andrology 2014; 2:428-35. [PMID: 24648111 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones are associated with chronic diseases and mortality with risk associations that differ between racial and ethnic groups. However, it is currently unclear whether sex steroid hormone levels differ between black and white men. The aim of this study was to assess racial variation in circulating testosterone, free testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and estradiol levels in men. We searched PubMed for articles comparing circulating hormones in black and white men. A meta-analysis was performed using weighted mean differences (WMD) to compare hormones levels between black and white men. Fifteen eligible studies were identified; three did not report adjusted means. After age adjustment, free testosterone levels were significantly higher in black than in white men (WMD = 4.07 pg/mL, 95% CI 1.26, 6.88). Depending on the free testosterone concentration in white men, this WMD translates into a racial difference ranging from 2.5 to 4.9%. Total testosterone (WMD = 0.10 ng/mL, 95% CI -0.02, 0.22), estradiol (WMD = 0.67 pg/mL, 95% CI -0.04, 1.38) and SHBG (WMD = -0.45 nmol/L, 95% CI -1.75, 0.85) concentrations did not differ comparing blacks with whites. After adjustment for age, black men have a modestly but significantly 2.5 to 4.9% higher free testosterone level than white men. Based on previous studies on effects of sex steroid hormones on risk of chronic diseases or mortality, this modest difference is unlikely to explain racial differences in disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Richard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Richard A, El Helou A, Meunier S, Welter ML. Rôle du cervelet et de l’aire motrice supplémentaire dans le contrôle postural durant l’initiation de la marche chez les sujets sains : une étude pilote. Neurophysiol Clin 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2013.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Richard A, O'Rourke J, Rubin JF. External fluorescence retention of calcein-marked juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta raised in natural and artificial environments. J Fish Biol 2014; 84:73-84. [PMID: 24245818 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence retention and intensity of juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta marked during their first summer were monitored in a hatchery and in four natural streams. A handheld detector was used for direct examination. In the hatchery, three marking treatments (T) were compared: 3·5 min in a 0·5% calcein solution (T0·5-3·5), 7 min in a 0·5% calcein solution (T0·5-7) and 3·5 min in a 1% calcein solution (T1-3·5). The fish were raised indoors for 11 months and then outdoors until 18 months. The fluorescence retention rate was 100% in all treatments at 11 months, although T1-3·5 showed the highest mean fluorescence intensity, followed by T0·5-7 and T0·5-3·5. The fluorescence intensity was not correlated with the final total length (L(T)) of the fish in two treatments, although it significantly decreased with increasing L(T) in T1-3·5. At 18 months, <30% of the fish were still slightly fluorescent, suggesting a negative effect of sunlight exposure. In stream studies, the fluorescence intensity did not significantly differ according to final L(T); an overall mean ± s.d. retention rate of 70·7 ± 26·6% was measured at 12 months with a decrease to 48·6 ± 24·6% at 24 months. Significant differences amongst streams and within reaches of the same stream were observed. Because of a significant positive effect of the shading index on the fluorescence intensity, the use of calcein should be restricted to streams unexposed to direct sunlight. Consequently, the marking method would be reliable for 1 year monitoring studies in shaded streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Richard
- hepia - University of Applied Science of Western Switzerland, Earth Nature Environment Institute, Route de Presinge 150, 1254 Jussy (GE), Switzerland; INRA, UMR 0042 Carrtel, F-74203 Thonon, France
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Richard A, Debaty G, Pommier P, Koch FX, Briot R, Loizzo F, Carpentier F, Danel V, Maignan M. Fréquence et facteurs de risque des Smur de seconde intention dans les intoxications médicamenteuses volontaires. Ann Fr Med Urgence 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13341-013-0388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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49
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Richard A, Welter ML, Meunier S. P 190. Role of the cerebellum and the supplementary motor area in anticipatory postural adjustments in humans. Clin Neurophysiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.04.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Richard A, Gallet B, Comoz F, Louvet S, Michel M, Verneuil L, Cribier B, Dompmartin A. [Eruptive collagenoma]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2013; 140:69-71. [PMID: 23328367 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2012.10.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Richard
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Clémeanceau, CHU, boulevard Clemenceau, 14000 Caen, France.
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