1
|
Mattos FMG, Dreyer N, Fong CL, Wen YHV, Jain D, De Vivo M, Huang YS, Mwihaki JK, Wang TY, Ho MJ, Tsai IJ, Wang J, Chan BKK, Machida RJ. Potential PCR amplification bias in identifying complex ecological patterns: Higher species compositional homogeneity revealed in smaller-size coral reef zooplankton by metatranscriptomics. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13911. [PMID: 38063371 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
PCR-based high-throughput sequencing has permitted comprehensive resolution analyses of zooplankton diversity dynamics. However, significant methodological issues still surround analyses of complex bulk community samples, not least as in prevailing PCR-based approaches. Marine drifting animals-zooplankton-play essential ecological roles in the pelagic ecosystem, transferring energy and elements to higher trophic levels, such as fishes, cetaceans and others. In the present study, we collected 48 size-fractionated zooplankton samples in the vicinity of a coral reef island with environmental gradients. To investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of zooplankton diversity patterns and the effect of PCR amplification biases across these complex communities, we first took metatranscriptomics approach. Comprehensive computational analyses revealed a clear pattern of higher/lower homogeneity in smaller/larger zooplankton compositions across samples respectively. Our study thus suggests changes in the role of dispersal across the sizes. Next, we applied in silico PCR to the metatranscriptomics datasets, in order to estimate the extent of PCR amplification bias. Irrespective of stringency criteria, we observed clear separations of size fraction sample clusters in both metatranscriptomics and in silico datasets. In contrast, the pattern-smaller-fractioned communities had higher compositional homogeneity than larger ones-was observed in the metatranscriptomics data but not in the in silico datasets. To investigate this discrepancy further, we analysed the mismatches of widely used mitochondrial CO1 primers and identified priming site mismatches likely driving PCR-based biases. Our results suggest the use of metatranscriptomics or, although less ideal, redesigning the CO1 primers is necessary to circumvent these issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe M G Mattos
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Niklas Dreyer
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Invertebrate Zoology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chia-Ling Fong
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hui Victoria Wen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dharmesh Jain
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mattia De Vivo
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sin Huang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John Karichu Mwihaki
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzi-Yuan Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jay Ho
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - John Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ryuji J Machida
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dreyer N, Olesen J, Grygier MJ, Eibye-Jacobsen D, Savchenko AS, Fujita Y, Kolbasov GA, Machida RJ, Chan BKK, Palero F. Novel molecular resources for single-specimen barcoding of enigmatic crustacean y-larvae. INVERTEBR SYST 2024; 38:IS23018. [PMID: 38744526 DOI: 10.1071/is23018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Despite discovery more than 100years ago and documented global occurrence from shallow waters to the deep sea, the life cycle of the enigmatic crustacean y-larvae isincompletely understood and adult forms remain unknown. To date, only 2 of the 17 formally described species, all based on larval stages, have been investigated using an integrative taxonomic approach. This approach provided descriptions of the morphology of the naupliar and cyprid stages, and made use of exuvial voucher material and DNA barcodes. To improve our knowledge about the evolutionary history and ecological importance of y-larvae, we developed a novel protocol that maximises the amount of morpho-ecological and molecular data that can be harvested from single larval specimens. This includes single-specimen DNA barcoding and daily imaging of y-nauplii reared in culture dishes, mounting of the last naupliar exuviae on a slide as a reference voucher, live imaging of the y-cyprid instar that follows, and fixation, DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing of the y-cyprid specimen. Through development and testing of a suite of new primers for both nuclear and mitochondrial protein-coding and ribosomal genes, we showcase how new sequence data can be used to estimate the phylogeny of Facetotecta. We expect that our novel procedure will help to unravel the complex systematics of y-larvae and show how these fascinating larval forms have evolved. Moreover, we posit that our protocols should work on larval specimens from a diverse array of moulting marine invertebrate taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Dreyer
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; and Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; and Present address: Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jørgen Olesen
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark J Grygier
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | | | - Alexandra S Savchenko
- Invertebrate Zoology Department, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yoshihisa Fujita
- General Education Center, Okinawa Prefectural University of Arts, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Gregory A Kolbasov
- White Sea Biological Station, Biological Faculty of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ryuji J Machida
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ferran Palero
- Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva (ICBIBE), University of Valencia, Paterna, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee WK, Chan BKK, Kim JY, Ju SJ, Kim SJ. Comparative genomics reveals the dynamic evolutionary history of cement protein genes of barnacles from intertidal to deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13895. [PMID: 37955198 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Thoracican barnacles are a diverse group of marine organisms for which the availability of genome assemblies is currently limited. In this study, we sequenced the genomes of two neolepadoid species (Ashinkailepas kermadecensis, Imbricaverruca yamaguchii) from hydrothermal vents, in addition to two intertidal species. Genome sizes ranged from 481 to 1054 Mb, with repetitive sequence contents of 21.2% to 50.7%. Concordance rates of orthologs and heterozygosity rates were between 82.4% and 91.7% and between 1.0% and 2.1%, respectively, indicating high genetic diversity and heterozygosity. Based on phylogenomic analyses, we revised the nomenclature of cement genes encoding cement proteins that are not homologous to any known proteins. The major cement gene, CP100A, was found in all thoracican species, including vent-associated neolepadoids, and was hypothesised to be essential for thoracican settlement. Duplicated genes, CP100B and CP100C, were found only in balanids, suggesting potential functional redundancy or acquisition of new functions associated with the calcareous base. An ancestor of CP52 genes was duplicated dynamically among lepadids, pollicipedids with multiple copies on a single scaffold, and balanids with multiple sequential repeats of the conserved regions, but no CP52 genes were found in neolepadoids, providing insights into cement gene evolution among thoracican lineages. This study enhances our understanding of the adhesion mechanisms of thoracicans in underwater environments. The newly sequenced genomes provide opportunities for studying their evolution and ecology, shedding light on their adaptation to diverse marine environments, and contributing to our knowledge of barnacle biology with valuable genomic resources for further studies in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyung Lee
- Division of Biomedical Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jae-Yoon Kim
- Division of Biomedical Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Se-Jong Ju
- Marine Resources & Environment Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Korea
| | - Se-Joo Kim
- Division of Biomedical Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wong YH, Dreyer N, Liu H, Lan Y, Chen JJ, Sun J, Zhang WP, Qian PY, Chan BKK. Gene co-option, duplication and divergence of cement proteins underpin the evolution of bioadhesives across barnacle life histories. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:5071-5088. [PMID: 37584177 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Acquisition of new genes often results in the emergence of novel functions and is a key step in lineage-specific adaptation. As a group of sessile crustaceans, barnacles establish permanent attachment through initial cement secretion at the larval phase followed by continuous cement secretion in juveniles and adults. However, the origins and evolution of barnacle larval and adult cement proteins remain poorly understood. By performing microdissection of larval cement glands, transcriptome and shotgun proteomics and immunohistochemistry validation, we identified 30 larval and 27 adult cement proteins of the epibiotic turtle barnacle Chelonibia testudinaria, of which the majority are stage- and barnacle-specific. While only two proteins, SIPC and CP100K, were expressed in both larvae and adults, detection of protease inhibitors and the cross-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase paralogs in larvae and adult cement. Other barnacle-specific cement proteins such as CP100k and CP52k likely share a common origin dating back at least to the divergence of Rhizocephala and Thoracica. Different CP52k paralogues could be detected in larval and adult cement, suggesting stage-specific cement proteins may arise from duplication followed by changes in expression timing of the duplicates. Interestingly, the biochemical properties of larval- and adult-specific CP52k paralogues exhibited remarkable differences. We conclude that barnacle larval and adult cement systems evolved independently, and both emerged from co-option of existing genes and de novo formation, duplication and functional divergence of lineage-specific cement protein genes. Our findings provide important insights into the evolutionary mechanisms of bioadhesives in sessile marine invertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Him Wong
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Niklas Dreyer
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program, TIGP, Biodiversity, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - HaoCheng Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Lan
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jamie J Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei-Peng Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yap FC, Chen HN, Chan BKK. Host specificity and adaptive evolution in settlement behaviour of coral-associated barnacle larvae (Cirripedia: Pyrgomatidae). Sci Rep 2023; 13:9668. [PMID: 37316644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33738-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral-associated organisms often exhibit a continuum of host specificities. We do not know whether the variation in host specificity is related to the settlement organs or preferential settlement behaviours of the larvae. We examined the morphology of attachment discs, the settlement and metamorphosis of coral barnacles-Pyrgoma cancellatum (lives in a single coral species), Nobia grandis (two families of corals), and Armatobalanus allium (six families of corals). Our results revealed that the attachment organ of all three species are spear-shaped with sparse villi, indicating that the morphology of the attachment organs does not vary among species with different host specificities. Larvae of P. cancellatum and N. grandis only settle on their specific hosts, suggesting that chemical cues are involved in the settlement. Cyprids of N. grandis display close searching behaviour before settlement. Cyprids of P. cancellatum settle immediately on their specific host corals, without any exploratory behaviour. The host specificity and exploratory behaviours of coral barnacle cyprids are results of adaptive evolution. We argue that there is a trade-off between exploration and energy conservation for metamorphosis processes. Coral barnacle metamorphosis is longer when compared to free-living species, likely because it involves the development of a tube-shaped base on the coral surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fook-Choy Yap
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate School, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Selangor, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Hsi-Nien Chen
- Chemistry and Environmental Research Laboratory, Taiwan Power Research Institute, New Taipei City, 238, Taiwan
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ip JCH, Ho MH, Chan BKK, Qiu JW. A draft genome assembly of reef-building octocoral Heliopora coerulea. Sci Data 2023; 10:381. [PMID: 37316548 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs are under existential threat from climate change and anthropogenic impacts. Genomic studies have enhanced our knowledge of resilience and responses of some coral species to environmental stress, but reference genomes are lacking for many coral species. The blue coral Heliopora is the only reef-building octocoral genus and exhibits optimal growth at a temperature close to the bleaching threshold of scleractinian corals. Local and high-latitude expansions of Heliopora coerulea were reported in the last decade, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying its thermal resistance. We generated a draft genome of H. coerulea with an assembled size of 429.9 Mb, scaffold N50 of 1.42 Mb and BUSCO completeness of 94.9%. The genome contains 239.1 Mb repetitive sequences, 27,108 protein coding genes, 6,225 lncRNAs, and 79 miRNAs. This reference genome provides a valuable resource for in-depth studies on the adaptive mechanisms of corals under climate change and the evolution of skeleton in cnidarian.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Chi-Ho Ip
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - Ming-Hay Ho
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dreyer N, Palero F, Grygier MJ, K K Chan B, Olesen J. Single-specimen systematics resolves the phylogeny and diversity conundrum of enigmatic crustacean y-larvae. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 184:107780. [PMID: 37031710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Resolving the evolutionary history of organisms is a major goal in biology. Yet for some taxa the diversity, phylogeny, and even adult stages remain unknown. The enigmatic crustacean "y-larvae" (Facetotecta) is one particularly striking example. Here we use extensive video-imaging and single-specimen molecular sequencing of >200 y-larval specimens to comprehensively explore for the first time their evolutionary history and diversity. This integrative approach revealed five major clades of Facetotecta, four of which encompass a considerable larval diversity. Whereas morphological analyses recognized 35 y-naupliar "morphospecies", molecular species delimitation analyses suggested the existence of between 88 and 127 species. The phenotypic and genetic diversity between the morphospecies suggests that a more elaborate classification than the current one-genus approach is needed. Morphology and molecular data were highly congruent at shallower phylogenetic levels, but no morphological synapomorphies could be unambiguously identified for major clades, which mostly comprise both planktotrophic and lecithotrophic y-nauplii. We argue that lecithotrophy arose several times independently whereas planktotrophic y-nauplii, which are structurally more similar across clades, most likely display the ancestral feeding mode of Facetotecta. We document a remarkably complex and highly diverse phylogenetic backbone for a taxon of marine crustaceans, the full life cycle of which remains a mystery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Dreyer
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ferran Palero
- Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia, Evolutiva (ICBIBE), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mark J Grygier
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jørgen Olesen
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen EM, Chan BKK, Lee ATC. Meaning in Life and Depression in Low-Income Families in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 Pandemic. East Asian Arch Psychiatry 2023; 33:15-20. [PMID: 36991551 DOI: 10.12809/eaap2244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether meaning in life (MIL) was associated with a lower risk of depression in people from low-income families during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Individuals from low-income families were recruited at a community centre during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. Levels of MIL were assessed using the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ). Severity of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Scores of ≥24 on the Presence of Meaning subscale (MLQ-P) and Search for Meaning subscale (MLQ-S) were considered high. A score of ≥10 on the PHQ-9 was indicative of clinical depression. Correlations between MLQ and PHQ-9 scores were examined, along with associations between presence of/search for meaning and risk of clinical depression. RESULTS Among 102 participants, 64 (62.7%) had clinical depression; 14 (13.7%) had both high presence of meaning and high search for meaning. The MLQ score was correlated with the PHQ-9 score (r = -0.56, p < 0.001). The adjusted risk ratio for depression was 0.31 (p = 0.006) in participants with both high presence of meaning and high search for meaning. CONCLUSION Among people with lower socioeconomic status, MIL may be important for protecting against depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Chen
- The Mental Health Association, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - B K K Chan
- The Mental Health Association, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - A T C Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kolbasov GA, Savchenko AS, Dreyer N, Chan BKK, Høeg JT. A synthesis of the external morphology of cypridiform larvae of Facetotecta (crustacea: Thecostraca) and the limits of the genus
Hansenocaris. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9488. [DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Kolbasov
- White Sea Biological Station Biological Faculty of Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Alexandra S. Savchenko
- Invertebrate Zoology Department, Biological Faculty Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Niklas Dreyer
- Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| | | | - Jens T. Høeg
- Marine Biology Section, Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yap F, Høeg JT, Chan BKK. Living on fire: Deactivating fire coral polyps for larval settlement and symbiosis in the fire coral-associated barnacle Wanella milleporae (Thoracicalcarea: Wanellinae). Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9057. [PMID: 35813926 PMCID: PMC9254672 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiosis is increasingly recognized as being an important component in marine systems, and many such relationships are initiated when free-swimming larvae of one partner settle and become sedentary on a host partner. Therefore, several crucial questions emerge such as the larva's mechanism of locating a host, selection of substratum and finally settlement on the surface of its future partner. Here, we investigated these mechanisms by studying how larvae of the fire coral-associated barnacle Wanella milleporae move, settle and establish symbiosis with their host, Millepora tenera. Cyprids of W. milleporae possess a pair of specialized antennules with bell-shaped attachment discs that enable them to explore and settle superficially on the hostile surface of the fire coral. Intriguingly, the stinging polyps of the fire coral remain in their respective pores when the cyprids explore the fire coral surface. Even when cyprids come into contact with the nematocysts on the extended stinging polyps during the exploratory phase, no immobilization effects against the cyprids were observed. The exploratory phase of Wanella cyprids can be divided into a sequence of wide searching (large step length and high walking speed), close searching (small step length and low speed) and inspection behavior, eventually resulting in permanent settlement and metamorphosis. After settlement, xenogeneic interactions occur between the fire coral and the newly metamorphosed juvenile barnacle. This involved tissue necrosis and regeneration in the fire coral host, leading to a callus ring structure around the juvenile barnacle, enhancing survival rate after settlement. The complex exploratory and settlement patterns and interactions documented here represent a breakthrough in coral reef symbiosis studies to show how invertebrates start symbiosis with fire corals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fook‐Choy Yap
- Biodiversity Research CenterAcademia SinicaNangangTaiwan
- Present address:
Department of Biological Science, Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar BaratPerakMalaysia
| | - Jens T. Høeg
- Department of Biology, Marine Biological SectionUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
De Vivo M, Lee HH, Huang YS, Dreyer N, Fong CL, de Mattos FMG, Jain D, Wen YHV, Mwihaki JK, Wang TY, Machida RJ, Wang J, Chan BKK, Tsai IJ. Utilisation of Oxford Nanopore sequencing to generate six complete gastropod mitochondrial genomes as part of a biodiversity curriculum. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9973. [PMID: 35705661 PMCID: PMC9200733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing has enabled genome skimming approaches to produce complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) for species identification and phylogenomics purposes. In particular, the portable sequencing device from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) has the potential to facilitate hands-on training from sampling to sequencing and interpretation of mitogenomes. In this study, we present the results from sampling and sequencing of six gastropod mitogenomes (Aplysia argus, Cellana orientalis, Cellana toreuma, Conus ebraeus, Conus miles and Tylothais aculeata) from a graduate level biodiversity course. The students were able to produce mitogenomes from sampling to annotation using existing protocols and programs. Approximately 4 Gb of sequence was produced from 16 Flongle and one MinION flow cells, averaging 235 Mb and N50 = 4.4 kb per flow cell. Five of the six 14.1-18 kb mitogenomes were circlised containing all 13 core protein coding genes. Additional Illumina sequencing revealed that the ONT assemblies spanned over highly AT rich sequences in the control region that were otherwise missing in Illumina-assembled mitogenomes, but still contained a base error of one every 70.8-346.7 bp under the fast mode basecalling with the majority occurring at homopolymer regions. Our findings suggest that the portable MinION device can be used to rapidly produce low-cost mitogenomes onsite and tailored to genomics-based training in biodiversity research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia De Vivo
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Han Lee
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Program, Institute of Information Science, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sin Huang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Niklas Dreyer
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chia-Ling Fong
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Felipe Monteiro Gomes de Mattos
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dharmesh Jain
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hui Victoria Wen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John Karichu Mwihaki
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzi-Yuan Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ryuji J Machida
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang TW, Lau DCP, Chan TY, Chan BKK. Autochthony and isotopic niches of benthic fauna at shallow-water hydrothermal vents. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6248. [PMID: 35428774 PMCID: PMC9012843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09839-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The food webs of shallow-water hydrothermal vents are supported by chemosynthetic and photosynthetic autotrophs. However, the relative importance of these two basal resources for benthic consumers and its changes along the physicochemical gradient caused by vent plumes are unknown. We used stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (i.e., δ13C and δ15N) and Bayesian mixing models to quantify the dietary contribution of basal resources to the benthic fauna at the shallow-water vents around Kueishan Island, Taiwan. Our results indicated that the food chains and consumer production at the shallow-water vents were mainly driven by photoautotrophs (total algal contribution: 26–54%) and zooplankton (19–34%) rather than by chemosynthetic production (total contribution: 14–26%). Intraspecific differences in the trophic support and isotopic niche of the benthic consumers along the physicochemical gradient were also evident. For instance, sea anemone Anthopleura sp. exhibited the greatest reliance on chemosynthetic bacteria (26%) and photoautotrophs (66%) near the vent openings, but zooplankton was its main diet in regions 150–300 m (32–49%) and 300–700 m (32–78%) away from the vent mouths. The vent-induced physicochemical gradient structures not only the community but also the trophic support and isotopic niche of vent consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Wei Wang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Chilung, 202301, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Bioscience, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Danny C P Lau
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tin-Yam Chan
- Institute of Marine Biology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Chilung, 202301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim HK, Chan BKK, Yi C, Kim IH, Choi YN. Barnacle Epibiosis on Sea Turtles in Korea: A West Pacific Region With Low Occurrence and Intensity of Chelonibia testudinaria (Cirripedia: Chelonibiidae). Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.785692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loggerhead and green turtles inhabit all oceans except the polar regions. External surfaces of sea turtles are often colonized by epibiotic chelonibiid barnacles. Barnacle taxonomy studies in Korea began in 1985, but until present, no turtle barnacles were recorded. This suggests that either the diversity and frequency of occurrence of turtle barnacles in Korean waters are low or the turtle barnacles have been understudied. This study complies with data collected over 6 years of sea turtle stranding events in Korea (2015–2020). We examined the diversity, frequency, and intensity of turtle barnacle occurrence. Of the 55 recorded strandings, loggerhead turtles were the most common (58%), followed by green turtles (33%). Only one species of barnacle, Chelonibia testudinaria, was found on both loggerhead and green turtles. The frequency of barnacle occurrence on loggerhead turtles was 28%, with an intensity of 2.4 ± 2.7 barnacles per turtle. Notably, 11% of green turtles had barnacles, with an average of one individual per turtle. The frequency and intensity of barnacle occurrence on green turtles analyzed in this study were five times lower than that on green turtle populations in Okinawan, Bornean, and Australian waters in the Indo-Pacific. Based on these new data and the available literature, we speculated that the barnacle larval pools in cold, high-latitude Korean waters are smaller than those occurring in other locations in the Indo-Pacific. The frequency and intensity of occurrence of barnacles on loggerhead turtles in Korea fall within the range recorded in other Indo-Pacific locations. The longer migratory routes of loggerhead turtles allow them to pass through different larval pools in the Indo-Pacific water, exposing them to higher barnacle abundances.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim SJ, Lee WK, Ju SJ, Chan BKK. Phylogeny and shell form evolution of the hydrothermal vent asymmetrical barnacles (Cirripedia, Thoracicalcarea, Neoverrucidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 169:107391. [PMID: 35026427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Imbricaverruca and Neoverruca are two genera of hydrothermal vent asymmetrical barnacles in Neoverrucidae, but found in vents of the Southwest Pacific and Northwest Pacific Oceans, respectively. Imbricaverruca has a flattened operculum and the shell base with multiple whorls of imbricating plates, while Neoverruca has an inclined operculum and the shell base with fewer developed imbricating plates. It has been hypothesized that Imbricaverruca has apomorphic shell characters in Neoverrucidae. Although the monophyletic relationship of the vent barnacle members in the superfamily Neolepadoidea were confirmed based on molecular phylogeny, the relationships between Neobrachylepadidae and Neoverrucidae, and between Neoverruca and Imbricaverruca have not been determined because there are no molecular data on Imbricaverruca. In this study, we sequenced three nuclear (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, histone 3) and one mitochondrial (CO1) genes of I. yamaguchii from the Southwest Pacific. Our phylogenetic results showed that Neobrahchylepadidae is the sister taxon to Neoverrucidae (Imbricaverruca + Neoverruca), and Imbricaverruca and Neoverruca are monophyletic sister taxa each other, which not supporting the previous hypothesis that Neoverruca is sister to the clade containing Neobrahchylepadidae and Neolepadidae. These were implied that the differences in shell forms between Neoverruca and Imbricaverruca are a result of independent divergent evolution in different deep-sea basins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Joo Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Lee
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Se-Jong Ju
- Global Ocean Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Korea; Marine Biology Major, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nakano T, Sasaki T, Kosuge T, K K Chan B. A New Species of the Intertidal Limpet Eoacmaea (Patellogastropoda: Eoacmaeidae) from Yonaguni Island, Japan and Taiwan. Zool Stud 2021; 60:e68. [PMID: 35774262 PMCID: PMC9168901 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2021.60-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new species of intertidal limpet was identified from Yonaguni Island, Japan and southern Taiwan in the present study and described as Eoacmaea nivea n. sp. It was previously reported by different authors as Cellana mauritiana, or as Acmaeid sp. in Taiwan, and as Patelloida sp. in Yonaguni Island, Japan. Based on detailed morphological observations and molecular analyses (COI), E. nivea n. sp. is distinguished from other Eoacmaea species. Eoacmaea nivea n. sp. is presently known from southern Taiwan, and a population on Yonaguni Island, Japan that is very limited. The present study reports a total 11 species of patellogastropod limpet species in Taiwan. The seven species-Cellana grata, Cellana toreuma, Nipponacmea nigrans, Nipponacmea fuscoviridis, Lottia dorsuosa, Lottia luchuana and Lottia tenuisculpta-were found in the intertidal on rocky shores along the north to northeastern shores of Taiwan. The five species-Cellana radiata, Lottia luchuana, Scutellastra flexuosa, Patelloida saccharina and E. nivea n. sp.-can be found mostly within depressions in limestone substrate in southeastern Taiwan. Of these, only Lottia luchuana is found throughout Taiwan, and overall has a tropical, not warm-temperate, distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Nakano
- Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Centre, Kyoto University, 459 Shirahama, Nishimuro, Wakayama, 649-2211, Japan. E-mail: (Nakano)
| | - Takenori Sasaki
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. E-mail: (Sasaki)
| | - Takeharu Kosuge
- Vietnam Japan University, Luu Huu Phuoc, My Dinh 1, Nam Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam. E-mail: (Kosuge)
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. E-mail: (Chan)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dreyer N, Tsai PC, Olesen J, Kolbasov GA, Høeg JT, Chan BKK. Independent and adaptive evolution of phenotypic novelties driven by coral symbiosis in barnacle larvae. Evolution 2021; 76:139-157. [PMID: 34705275 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The invasion of novel habitats is recognized as a major promotor of adaptive trait evolution in animals. We tested whether similar ecological niches entail independent and adaptive evolution of key phenotypic structures related to larval host invasion in distantly related taxa. We use disparately related clades of coral barnacles as our model system (Acrothoracica: Berndtia and Thoracica: Pyrgomatidae). We analyze the larval antennular phenotypes and functional morphologies facilitating host invasion. Extensive video recordings show that coral host invasion is carried out exclusively by cypris larvae with spear-shaped antennules. These first exercise a series of complex probing behaviors followed by repeated antennular penetration of the soft host tissues, which subsequently facilitates permanent invasion. Phylogenetic mapping of larval form and function related to niche invasion in 99 species of barnacles (Thecostraca) compellingly shows that the spear-phenotype is uniquely associated with corals and penetrative behaviors. These features evolved independently in the two coral barnacle clades and from ancestors with fundamentally different antennular phenotypes. The larval host invasion system in coral barnacles likely evolved adaptively across millions of years for overcoming challenges associated with invading and entering demanding coral hosts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Dreyer
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan.,Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei.,Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Kobenhavn, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Pei-Che Tsai
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Jørgen Olesen
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Kobenhavn, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Gregory A Kolbasov
- White Sea Biological Station, Biological Faculty of Moscow State University, Moscow, 119899, Russia
| | - Jens T Høeg
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, Kobenhavn, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chan BKK, Wong YH, Robinson NJ, Lin JC, Yu SP, Dreyer N, Cheng IJ, Høeg JT, Zardus JD. Five hundred million years to mobility: directed locomotion and its ecological function in a turtle barnacle. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211620. [PMID: 34610769 PMCID: PMC8493200 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement is a fundamental characteristic of life, yet some invertebrate taxa, such as barnacles, permanently affix to a substratum as adults. Adult barnacles became 'sessile' over 500 Ma; however, we confirm that the epizoic sea turtle barnacle, Chelonibia testudinaria, has evolved the capacity for self-directed locomotion as adults. We also assess how these movements are affected by water currents and the distance between conspecifics. Finally, we microscopically examine the barnacle cement. Chelonibia testudinaria moved distances up to 78.6 mm yr-1 on loggerhead and green sea turtle hosts. Movements on live hosts and on acrylic panels occasionally involved abrupt course alterations of up to 90°. Our findings showed that barnacles tended to move directly against water flow and independent of nearby conspecifics. This suggests that these movements are not passively driven by external forces and instead are behaviourally directed. In addition, it indicates that these movements function primarily to facilitate feeding, not reproduction. While the mechanism enabling movement remained elusive, we observed that trails of cement bore signs of multi-layered, episodic secretion. We speculate that proximal causes of movement involve one or a combination of rapid shell growth, cement secretion coordinated with basal membrane lifting, and directed contraction of basal perimeter muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yue Him Wong
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Jr-Chi Lin
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sing-Pei Yu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Niklas Dreyer
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program, TIGP, Biodiversity, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I-Jiung Cheng
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Jens T. Høeg
- Marine Biology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ip JCH, Qiu JW, Chan BKK. Genomic insights into the sessile life and biofouling of barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia). Heliyon 2021; 7:e07291. [PMID: 34189321 PMCID: PMC8220330 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the infraclass Cirripedia, commonly called barnacles, are unique among the subphylum Crustacea in that they exhibit a biphasic life cycle with a planktonic larval stage and a sessile adult stage. Understanding their unique sessile life and mechanisms of attachment are hampered by the lack of genomic resources. Here, we present a 746 Mb genome assembly of Lepas anserifera – the first sequenced stalked barnacle genome. We estimate that Cirripedia first arose ~495 million years ago (MYA) and further diversified since Mesozoic. A demographic analysis revealed remarkable population changes of the barnacle in relation to sea-level fluctuations in the last 2 MYA. Comparative genomic analyses revealed the expansion of a number of developmental related genes families in barnacle genomes, such as Br–C, PCP20 and Lola, which are potentially important for the evolution of metamorphosis, cuticle development and central nervous system. Phylogenetic analysis and tissue expression profiling showed the possible roles of gene duplication, functional diversification and co-option in shaping the genomic evolution of barnacles. Overall, our study provides not only a valuable draft genome for comparative genomic analysis of crustacean evolution, but also facilitates studies of biofouling control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Chi-Ho Ip
- Department of Biology and Hong Kong Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.,Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Virtual University Park, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- Department of Biology and Hong Kong Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.,Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Virtual University Park, Shenzhen, China
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim HK, Chan BKK, Song SJ, Khim JS. DNA-based diversity assessment reveals a new coral barnacle, Cantellius alveoporae sp. nov. (Balanomorpha: Pyrgomatidae) exclusively associated with the high latitude coral Alveopora japonica in the waters of southern Korea. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11284. [PMID: 33986998 PMCID: PMC8088765 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the Indo-Pacific coral associated barnacle Cantellius euspinulosum (Broch, 1931) was found to have cryptic species in Korea, Taiwan and other regions based on molecular studies. However, the original specimens of C. euspinulosum from Broch have not been previously described or illustrated, making it difficult to assign which cryptic species to the original C. euspinulosum. The original specimen of C. euspinulosum was examined and illustrated here, and the species identity of C. cf. euspinulosum collected from Jejudo Island in the present study and other cryptic species (based on literature illustrations) in the Indo-Pacific were evaluated.C. euspinulosum from Singapore, Java, Mergui Archipelago in Andaman Sea and Nha Trang represented the C. euspinulosum identified by Broch (1931). It is a generalist on Acropora, Favia, Favites, Leptoria, Montipora, Pachyseris and Pocillipora corals and distributed in the Indo-Pacific region. Morphological examination and DNA sequencing (COI, 12S DNA sequences) in the present study showed that C. cf. euspinulosum from Jejudo Island, Korea represents a distinct species, herein named C. alveoporae sp. nov. Cantellius alveroporae sp. nov. is a specialist species that only grows on Alveopora and also present in Palau, and Ogasawara Island in Japan. Cantellius cf. euspinuloum in Taiwan, the Moscos Island, and Australia belong to several other distinct species awaiting further morphological and molecular studies. At least five cryptic species of C. euspinulosum were identified in the present study, including both specialist and generalists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyong Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Animal Research Division, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung Joon Song
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Branam EN, Wong JY, Chan BKK, Chan KYK. A tail's tale: Biomechanical roles of dorsal thoracic spine of barnacle nauplii. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:1905-1916. [PMID: 33905496 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many marine invertebrates have complex life histories that begin with a planktonic larval stage. Similar to other plankton, these larval invertebrates often possess protruding body extensions, but their function beyond predator deterrence is not well-documented. For example, the planktonic nauplii of crustaceans have spines. Using the epibiotic pedunculate barnacle Octolasmis spp., we investigated how the dorsal thoracic spine affects swimming and fluid disturbance by comparing nauplii with their spines partially removed against those with intact spines. Our motion analysis showed that amputated Octolasmis spp. swam slower, in jerkier trajectories, and were less efficient per stroke cycle than those with intact spines. Amputees showed alterations in limb beat pattern: larger beat amplitude, increased phase lag, and reduced contralateral symmetry. These changes might partially help increase propulsive force generation and streamline the flow, but were insufficient to restore full function. Particle image velocimetry further showed that amputees had a larger relative area of influence, implying elevated risk by rheotactic predator. Body extensions and their interactions with limb motion play important biomechanical roles in shaping larval performance, which likely influences the evolution of form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E N Branam
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA
| | - J Y Wong
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - B K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - K Y K Chan
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Trivedi JN, Doshi M, Patel KJ, Chan BKK. Diversity of intertidal, epibiotic, and fouling barnacles (Cirripedia, Thoracica) from Gujarat, northwest India. Zookeys 2021; 1026:143-178. [PMID: 33850420 PMCID: PMC8018942 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1026.60733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work studied the diversity of intertidal, epibiotic, and fouling barnacles in the state of Gujarat, northwest India. In total, eleven species belonging to eight genera and five families were recorded in the present study. The Arabian intertidal species Tetraclitaehsani Shahdadi, Chan & Sari, 2011 and Chthamalusbarnesi Achituv & Safriel, 1980 are common in the high- and mid-intertidal rocky shores of Gujarat suggesting that the Gujarat barnacle assemblages are similar to the assemblages in the Gulf of Oman Ecoregion. The biogeographical boundary between the Gulf of Oman and Western Indian ecoregions for barnacles should probably extend southward towards the waters adjacent to Mumbai, where Indo-Pacific species of intertidal barnacles dominate. This study provides the first reports of the common widely distributed balanomorph barnacles Striatobalanustenuis (Hoek, 1883), Tetraclitellakarandei Ross, 1971, Amphibalanusreticulatus (Utinomi, 1967), and lepadid barnacle Lepasanatifera Linnaeus, 1758 in Gujarat, as well as of the chthamalid barnacle Chthamalusbarnesi in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jigneshkumar N Trivedi
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan-384265, Gujarat, India Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University Gujarat India
| | - Mahima Doshi
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan-384265, Gujarat, India Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University Gujarat India
| | - Krupal J Patel
- Marine Biodiversity and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, Gujarat, India The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Gujarat India
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lee WK, Chan BKK, Ju SJ, Kim D, Kim SJ. The mitochondrial genome of hydrothermal vent barnacle Eochionelasmus coreana (Cirripedia: Thoracica) from the Indian Ocean. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:710-712. [PMID: 33796644 PMCID: PMC7971211 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1851153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Balanomorph Eochionelasmus species are hydrothermal vent endemic barnacles. In the genus Eochionelasmus, three species are known to date and they distribute at three different vent fields in Pacific and Indian Oceans, E. ohtai in the Southwest Pacific Ocean, E. paquensis in the East Pacific Ocean, and E. coreana in the Indian Ocean. Therefore, Eochionelasmus species are considered to be a meaningful model taxon to elucidate the evolutionary history of vent organism in relation to geotectonic events. Here, we characterized the partial mitogenome of a newly described vent barnacle Eochionelasmus coreana Chan et al., 2020 from the Solitaire vent field in the Indian Ocean. The length of mitogenome was 16,804 bp with 64.0% AT content. Its gene content and organization was identical to those of E. ohtai. There was one significant part in the mitogenome of E. coreana, which was a long intergenic region over 2 kb found between tRNAPro and tRNAThr. The phylogenetic tree suggested the monophyly of E. ohtai and E. coreana with high supporting values. In the future, additional mitogenome analysis of the last Eochionelasmus species, E. paquensis, could expand our understanding about the speciation and global distribution of Eochionelasmus species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyung Lee
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Se-Jong Ju
- Global Ocean Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Korea.,Marine Biology Major, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dongsung Kim
- Marine Ecosystem Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Korea
| | - Se-Joo Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chan BKK, Dreyer N, Gale AS, Glenner H, Ewers-Saucedo C, Pérez-Losada M, Kolbasov GA, Crandall KA, Høeg JT. The evolutionary diversity of barnacles, with an updated classification of fossil and living forms. Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We present a comprehensive revision and synthesis of the higher-level classification of the barnacles (Crustacea: Thecostraca) to the genus level and including both extant and fossils forms. We provide estimates of the number of species in each group. Our classification scheme has been updated based on insights from recent phylogenetic studies and attempts to adjust the higher-level classifications to represent evolutionary lineages better, while documenting the evolutionary diversity of the barnacles. Except where specifically noted, recognized taxa down to family are argued to be monophyletic from molecular analysis and/or morphological data. Our resulting classification divides the Thecostraca into the subclasses Facetotecta, Ascothoracida and Cirripedia. The whole class now contains 14 orders, 65 families and 367 genera. We estimate that barnacles consist of 2116 species. The taxonomy is accompanied by a discussion of major morphological events in barnacle evolution and justifications for the various rearrangements we propose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Niklas Dreyer
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Invertebrate Zoology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andy S Gale
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Henrik Glenner
- Marine Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Marcos Pérez-Losada
- Computational Biology Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Gregory A Kolbasov
- White Sea Biological Station, Biological Faculty of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Keith A Crandall
- Computational Biology Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, US National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jens T Høeg
- Marine Biology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yu SP, Nakaoka M, Chan BKK. The gut retention time of microplastics in barnacle naupliar larvae from different climatic zones and marine habitats. Environ Pollut 2021; 268:115865. [PMID: 33158615 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic ingestion has been widely documented in marine zooplankton, but the retention time of microplastics in their digestive gut are still poorly studied, especially among species from different climatic zones and marine habitats. This study evaluated the ingestion and gut retention time of four sizes of fluorescent microplastic beads (1.3, 7.3, 10.6, and 19.0 μm) in stage II naupliar larvae of nine barnacle species from different habitats (epibiotic on turtles, mangroves, coral reefs, and rocky shores) and climatic zones (subtropical/tropical and temperate). Microbeads were not lethal to all species (climatic zones/habitats) tested from the four sizes of non-fluorescent virgin microbeads (1.7, 6.8, 10.4 and 19.0 μm, each at concentrations 1, 10, 100, and 1000 beads mL-1). Gut retention time of microplastic beads in barnacle naupliar larvae significantly increased with decreasing size. Microbeads resided in digestive tracts generally 3-4 times longer in rocky shore and coral reef barnacles than in muddy shore and epibiotic ones. However, species from different climatic zone did not differ in retention time. Our results suggested nauplius larvae from rocky shore and coral reef barnacles appear to be more susceptible to the impacts of longer retained microplastics (e.g., toxic chemicals present on the surface).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sing-Pei Yu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Masahiro Nakaoka
- Akkeshi Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Akkeshi, Japan
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yu SP, Chan BKK. Intergenerational microplastics impact the intertidal barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite during the planktonic larval and benthic adult stages. Environ Pollut 2020; 267:115560. [PMID: 33254593 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic exposure in one generation of marine organism is believed to impact future generations; the nature of this impact, however, remains unclear, especially across different life stages. We investigated within-generational, latent, and intergenerational effects of various sizes (1.7, 6.8, 10.4, and 19.0 μm) and concentrations (1, 10, 100, and 1000 beads mL-1) of polystyrene microplastics on the planktonic larval and benthic adult life stages of the intertidal barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite. We exposed parents to microplastics during different developmental stages and examined the life history traits of their offspring. Microplastics had prominent intergenerational-but no within-generational-effects. Parental exposure to 1.7, 6.8, and 10.4 μm microplastics from the larvae to adults significantly increased offspring larval mortality. 1.7 and 6.8 μm microplastics at 1000 beads mL-1 delayed larval development in offspring. Intergenerational effects were observed when microplastics were exposed to parent larvae, suggesting that parental experiences during sensitive early-life stages can have profound impacts across generations. Adverse intergenerational effects of microplastics might drastically reduce larval recruitment and threaten long-term zooplankton sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sing-Pei Yu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan; Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wong JY, Chan BKK, Chan KYK. Swimming kinematics and hydrodynamics of barnacle larvae throughout development. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201360. [PMID: 33049170 PMCID: PMC7657860 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in size strongly influence organisms' ecological performances. For aquatic organisms, they can transition from viscosity- to inertia-dominated fluid regimes as they grow. Such transitions are often associated with changes in morphology, swimming speed and kinematics. Barnacles do not fit into this norm as they have two morphologically distinct planktonic larval phases that swim differently but are of comparable sizes and operate in the same fluid regime (Reynolds number 100-101). We quantified the hydrodynamics of the rocky intertidal stalked barnacle Capitulum mitella from the nauplius II to cyprid stage and examined how kinematics and size increases affect its swimming performance. Cyprids beat their appendages in a metachronal wave to swim faster, more smoothly, and with less backwards slip per beat cycle than did all naupliar stages. Micro-particle image velocimetry showed that cyprids generated trailing viscous vortex rings that pushed water backwards for propulsion, contrary to the nauplii's forward suction current for particle capture. Our observations highlight that zooplankton swimming performance can shift via morphological and kinematic modifications without a significant size increase. The divergence in ecological functions through ontogeny in barnacles and the removal of feeding requirement likely contributed to the evolution of the specialized, taxonomically unique cyprid phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Y. Wong
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Benny K. K. Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - K. Y. Karen Chan
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dreyer N, Zardus JD, Høeg JT, Olesen J, Yu MC, Chan BKK. How whale and dolphin barnacles attach to their hosts and the paradox of remarkably versatile attachment structures in cypris larvae. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
28
|
Abstract
A central goal in evolutionary biology is connecting morphological features with ecological functions. For marine invertebrate larvae, appendage movement determines locomotion, feeding, and predator avoidance ability. Barnacle larvae are morphologically diverse, and the morphology of non-feeding lecithotrophic nauplii are distinct from those that are planktotrophic. Lecithotrophic larvae have a more globular body shape and simplified appendages when compared with planktotrophs. However, little is known about whether and how such morphological changes affect kinematics, hydrodynamics, and ecological functions. Here, we compared the nauplii kinematics and hydrodynamics of a lecithotrophic Rhizocephalan species, Polyascus planus, against that of the planktotrophic nauplii of an intertidal barnacle, Tetraclita japonica. High-speed, micro-particle image velocimetry analysis showed that the Polyascus nauplii swam faster and had higher amplitude and more synchronous appendage beating than the Tetraclita nauplii. This fast swimming was accompanied by a faster attenuation of induced flow with distance, suggesting reduced predation risk. Tetraclita nauplii had more efficient per beat cycles with less backward displacement during the recovery stroke. This "anchoring effect" resulted from the anti-phase beating of appendages. This movement, together with a high-drag body form, likely helps direct the suction flow toward the ventral food capturing area. In sum, the tradeoff between swimming speed and predation risks may have been an important factor in the evolution of the observed larval forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Y Wong
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - B K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - K Y K Chan
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zweifler A, Simon-Blecher N, Pica D, Chan BKK, Roth J, Achituv Y. A stranger among us: the occurrence of Cantellius (Balnoidea: Pyrgomatidae) an epibiont of scleractinias in stylasterids (Hydrozoa). Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Barnacles that fit morphologically into the description of the pyrgomatid genus Cantellius were retrieved from hydrozoan Stylasteridae. The use of molecular markers also confirmed the assignment of these barnacles to the genus Cantellius. Hitherto, stylasterids have not been recorded as hosts of pyrgomatids. This finding conflicts with and refutes the statement that scleractinans (Hexacorallia) are obligatory hosts of pyrgomatids. These are the first unequivocal records of living pyrgomatids in stylasterids, thus documenting a new type of habitat for this group of barnacles. Further inspections of stylasterids will probably reveal more new host records and, possibly, new pyrgomatids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Zweifler
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Noa Simon-Blecher
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Daniela Pica
- Università Politecnica delle Marche-DiSVA, Laboratory of Zoology, Ancona, Italy
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan Roth
- DNA and Forensic Biology Laboratory, Division of Identification and Forensic Science, Israel Police National HQ, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yair Achituv
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim JH, Kim HK, Kim H, Chan BKK, Kang S, Kim W. Draft Genome Assembly of a Fouling Barnacle, Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854): The First Reference Genome for Thecostraca. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
31
|
Lee WK, Mi Kang H, Chan BKK, Ju SJ, Kim SJ. Complete mitochondrial genome of the hydrothermal vent stalked barnacle Vulcanolepas fijiensis (Cirripedia, Scalpelliforms, Eolepadidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2019; 4:2725-2726. [PMID: 33365701 PMCID: PMC7706898 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1644564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Eolepadidae is the only stalked barnacle in hydrothermal vent regions. Here, we determined the mitogenome of the eolepadid Vulcanolepas fijiensis. The mitogenome was 17,374 bp long, with 76.6% AT content. Its protein-coding gene organization was identical to that of the deep-sea scalpellid Arcoscalpellum epeeum. On the mitogenomic tree, two scalpellomorphan families (Eolepadidae and Scalpellidae) were monophyletic while the other scalpellomorphan family Pollicipedidae did not form the monophyletic group with them. Further mitogenomic analysis of undetermined taxa in hydrothermal vents is required to deepen our understanding of their phylogenetic relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyung Lee
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Kang
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Se-Jong Ju
- Global Ocean Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Korea
- Marine Biology Major, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Se-Joo Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Strain EMA, Alexander KA, Kienker S, Morris R, Jarvis R, Coleman R, Bollard B, Firth LB, Knights AM, Grabowski JH, Airoldi L, Chan BKK, Chee SY, Cheng Z, Coutinho R, de Menezes RG, Ding M, Dong Y, Fraser CML, Gómez AG, Juanes JA, Mancuso P, Messano LVR, Naval-Xavier LPD, Scyphers S, Steinberg P, Swearer S, Valdor PF, Wong JXY, Yee J, Bishop MJ. Urban blue: A global analysis of the factors shaping people's perceptions of the marine environment and ecological engineering in harbours. Sci Total Environ 2019; 658:1293-1305. [PMID: 30677991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Marine harbours are the focus of a diverse range of activities and subject to multiple anthropogenically induced pressures. Support for environmental management options aimed at improving degraded harbours depends on understanding the factors which influence people's perceptions of harbour environments. We used an online survey, across 12 harbours, to assess sources of variation people's perceptions of harbour health and ecological engineering. We tested the hypotheses: 1) people living near impacted harbours would consider their environment to be more unhealthy and degraded, be more concerned about the environment and supportive of and willing to pay for ecological engineering relative to those living by less impacted harbours, and 2) people with greater connectedness to the harbour would be more concerned about and have greater perceived knowledge of the environment, and be more supportive of, knowledgeable about and willing to pay for ecological engineering, than those with less connectedness. Across twelve locations, the levels of degradation and modification by artificial structures were lower and the concern and knowledge about the environment and ecological engineering were greater in the six Australasian and American than the six European and Asian harbours surveyed. We found that people's perception of harbours as healthy or degraded, but not their concern for the environment, reflected the degree to which harbours were impacted. There was a positive relationship between the percentage of shoreline modified and the extent of support for and people's willingness to pay indirect costs for ecological engineering. At the individual level, measures of connectedness to the harbour environment were good predictors of concern for and perceived knowledge about the environment but not support for and perceived knowledge about ecological engineering. To make informed decisions, it is important that people are empowered with sufficient knowledge of the environmental issues facing their harbour and ecological engineering options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M A Strain
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia; Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia,; National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - K A Alexander
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, PO Box 49, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - S Kienker
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia; University of Sydney, Centre for Research on Ecological Impacts of Coastal Cities, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - R Morris
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; University of Sydney, Centre for Research on Ecological Impacts of Coastal Cities, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - R Jarvis
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia; Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - R Coleman
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia; University of Sydney, Centre for Research on Ecological Impacts of Coastal Cities, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - B Bollard
- Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - L B Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Drake Circus, UK
| | - A M Knights
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Drake Circus, UK
| | - J H Grabowski
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, 430 Nahant Road, Nahant, MA 01907, USA
| | - L Airoldi
- University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BIGEA) & Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali (CIRSA), UO CoNISMa, Via S. Alberto, 163, Ravenna I-48123, Italy
| | - B K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - S Y Chee
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Z Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - R Coutinho
- Department of Marine Biotecnology, Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira, Brazilian Navy & Post-Graduation Program in Marine Biotechnology, IEAPM/UFF, Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro 28930-000, Brazil
| | - R G de Menezes
- Department of Marine Biotecnology, Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira, Brazilian Navy & Post-Graduation Program in Marine Biotechnology, IEAPM/UFF, Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro 28930-000, Brazil
| | - M Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Y Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - C M L Fraser
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - A G Gómez
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - J A Juanes
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - P Mancuso
- University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BIGEA) & Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali (CIRSA), UO CoNISMa, Via S. Alberto, 163, Ravenna I-48123, Italy
| | - L V R Messano
- Department of Marine Biotecnology, Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira, Brazilian Navy & Post-Graduation Program in Marine Biotechnology, IEAPM/UFF, Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro 28930-000, Brazil
| | - L P D Naval-Xavier
- Department of Marine Biotecnology, Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira, Brazilian Navy & Post-Graduation Program in Marine Biotechnology, IEAPM/UFF, Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro 28930-000, Brazil
| | - S Scyphers
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, 430 Nahant Road, Nahant, MA 01907, USA
| | - P Steinberg
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia; Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - S Swearer
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - P F Valdor
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - J X Y Wong
- University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BIGEA) & Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali (CIRSA), UO CoNISMa, Via S. Alberto, 163, Ravenna I-48123, Italy
| | - J Yee
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - M J Bishop
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chan BKK, Ju SJ, Kim SJ. A new species of hydrothermal vent stalked barnacle Vulcanolepas (Scalpelliforms: Eolepadidae) from the North Fiji Basin, Southwestern Pacific Ocean. Zootaxa 2019; 4563:zootaxa.4563.1.7. [PMID: 31716557 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A new species of eolepadid stalked barnacle, Vulcanolepas fijiensis sp. nov., was collected from a hydrothermal vent in the North Fiji Basin, Southwestern Pacific Ocean, at a depth of 1988 m. Based on morphological characteristics, this new species was distinguished from its relatives, V. osheai Buckeridge, 2000, V. parensis Southward, 2005, V. scotiaensis Buckeridge, Linse Jackson, 2013, and V. buckeridgei Chan Chang, 2018. Based on morphological characteristics, Vulcanolepas species are divided mainly into two groups by the size of the first mandibular tooth; the first group has a large mandibular first tooth (V. parensis, V. scotiaensis, and V. fijiensis sp. nov., the second a small mandibular first tooth (V. osheai and V. buckeridgei). The new species can be easily distinguished from V. parensis and V. scotiaensis by the length ratio of antenniform segments to robust segments of the rami of cirrus I. Vulcanolepas fijiensis sp. nov. also differs from V. parensis by the length ratio of the penis and cirrus VI (1/10 vs 1/4), and the extension the carinal apex to the tergum (extended vs not extended). Additionally, the sequence divergence of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene between V. fijiensis sp. nov. and the other neolepadid species (except V. parensis from its original locations) ranged from 4.2% to 14.0%. In a neighbor-joining tree, V. fijiensis sp. nov. formed an independent branch. These results infer that V. fijiensis sp. nov. is a new species, distinct from the other known neolepadids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Han GD, Cartwright SR, Ganmanee M, Chan BKK, Adzis KAA, Hutchinson N, Wang J, Hui TY, Williams GA, Dong YW. High thermal stress responses of Echinolittorina snails at their range edge predict population vulnerability to future warming. Sci Total Environ 2019; 647:763-771. [PMID: 30092533 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Populations at the edge of their species' distribution ranges are typically living at the physiological extreme of the environmental conditions they can tolerate. As a species' response to global change is likely to be largely determined by its physiological performance, subsequent changes in environmental conditions can profoundly influence populations at range edges, resulting in range extensions or retractions. To understand the differential physiological performance among populations at their distribution range edge and center, we measured levels of mRNA for heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) as an indicator of temperature sensitivity in two high-shore littorinid snails, Echinolittorina malaccana and E. radiata, between 1°N to 36°N along the NW Pacific coast. These Echinolittorina snails are extremely heat-tolerant and frequently experience environmental temperatures in excess of 55 °C when emersed. It was assumed that animals exhibiting high temperature sensitivity will synthesize higher levels of mRNA, which will thus lead to higher energetic costs for thermal defense. Populations showed significant geographic variation in temperature sensitivity along their range. Snails at the northern range edge of E. malaccana and southern range edge of E. radiata exhibited higher levels of hsp70 expression than individuals collected from populations at the center of their respective ranges. The high levels of hsp70 mRNA in populations at the edge of a species' distribution range may serve as an adaptive response to locally stressful thermal environments, suggesting populations at the edge of their distribution range are potentially more sensitive to future global warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Stephen R Cartwright
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Monthon Ganmanee
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Research Centre for Biodiversity, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kee A A Adzis
- Marine Ecosystem Research Center, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Malaysia; SEAlutions Sdn Bhd, B-11-1, Viva building, No 378, Jalan Ipoh, 51200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Neil Hutchinson
- TropWATER-Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Tommy Y Hui
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Gray A Williams
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Yun-Wei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kim RO, Chan BKK, Hou BK, Ju SJ, Kim SJ. Complete mitochondrial genome of the deep-water epibiotic stalked barnacle, Glyptelasma annandalei (Cirripedia, Lepadiformes, Poecilasmatidae). Mitochondrial DNA Part B 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1536487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryeo-Ok Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Bo Kyeng Hou
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Se-Jong Ju
- Global Ocean Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Korea
- Marine Biology Major, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Se-Joo Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wong JY, Chan KYK, Chan BKK. Phylogenetic, ecological and biomechanical constraints on larval form: A comparative morphological analysis of barnacle nauplii. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206973. [PMID: 30408826 PMCID: PMC6224274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Barnacle naupliar larvae are differentiated from other zooplankton by their unique pair of frontal lateral horns, frontal filaments, and a pear-shaped cephalic shield. Their morphology impose constraints on their ecological functions and reflect their evolutionary history. To explore the potential functional basis underlying the similarities and differences in barnacle larval form, we conducted a meta-analysis on the shape of the barnacle nauplii's cephalic shield and examined its relation to larval size, trophic mode, pelagic larval duration and habitat. Nauplii cephalic shield morphology of 102 species were quantified with normalized elliptic Fourier analysis. Most of the species were distributed around the center of the morphospace but a few extreme groups occupied the periphery: nauplii that were large and lecithotrophic. Subsequent principal component regression analyses showed that larval size was a good predictor of the first shape variations axis (aspect ratio). After allometry adjustment, nauplii from different trophic modes differentiated along the second axis of the major shape variations (relative frontal horn length). Habitat was a poor predictor of variations in naupliar body form, but it could be used to differentiate extreme morphology groups from other nauplii. Our result suggests that size-related biomechanical or developmental constraints and feeding requirements are important in shaping the evolution of the naupliar body form. Within the limitations of these functional constraints, habitat drives the divergence of extreme morphology groups from the majority of species. Our comparative morphometrics analysis demonstrated how variations in larval body form can be quantitatively linked to the functional needs that constrain or drive their diversity, and inform further empirical experiments on larval functional morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Y. Wong
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - K. Y. Karen Chan
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kim SJ, Kang HM, Corbari L, Chan BKK. First report on the complete mitochondrial genome of the deep-water scalpellid barnacle Arcoscalpellum epeeum (Cirripedia, Thoracica, Scalpellidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2018; 3:1288-1289. [PMID: 33490579 PMCID: PMC7800395 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1532844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Scalpellids are one of the largest families of Scalpelliformes and reproduce either androdioeciously or dioeciously. Here, we characterized the first mitogenome of a scalpellid barnacle (Arcoscalpellum epeeum), which was 15,593 bp in length with a 71.5% AT content. In comparison with the pollicipedids Capitulum mitella and Pollicipes polymerus, the tRNA genes of A. epeeum were rearranged between ND3 and ND5, between CYTB and ND1, and between 12S rRNA and ND2. On the mitogenomic tree, the Scalpelliformes families Pollicipedidae and Scalpellidae were not monophyletic, which concurs with previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Joo Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Kang
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Laure Corbari
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, UMR 7205 CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chan BKK, Aguilar L, Hou BK, Kang HM, Kim SJ. Complete mitochondrial genome of the catophragmid barnacle Catomerus polymerus (Cirripedia, Thoracica, Balanomorpha, Catophragmidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2018; 3:1286-1287. [PMID: 33474495 PMCID: PMC7799505 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1532843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Catophragmidae is one of the lower balanomorphs from traditional and recent multiple mitochondrial and nuclear markers molecular analysis. Here, we characterized the first mitogenome of the catophragmid barnacle Catomerus polymerus, which was 15,446 bp in length with a 68.3% AT content. The mitogenome had the typical pancrustacean gene arrangement, which was identical to the mitogenome configurations of the chthamalid Octomeris sp. and pachylasmatoid Eochionelasmus ohtai. On the mitogenomic tree, the catophragmid Catomerus polymerus formed an independent branch that was basal to the members of the superfamilies Tetraclitoidea and Balanoidea, which was inconsistent with previous findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Aguilar
- Institute for Conservation Biology & Environmental Management, Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Bo Kyeng Hou
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Kang
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Se-Joo Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chan BKK, Xu G, Kim HK, Park JH, Kim W. Living with marginal coral communities: Diversity and host-specificity in coral-associated barnacles in the northern coral distribution limit of the East China Sea. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196309. [PMID: 29715264 PMCID: PMC5929504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Corals and their associated fauna are extremely diverse in tropical waters and form major reefs. In the high-latitude temperate zone, corals living near their distribution limit are considered marginal communities because they are particularly extremely sensitive to environmental and climatic changes. In this study, we examined the diversity and host usage of coral-associated barnacles on Jeju Island, Korea, the northern coral distribution limit in the East China Sea. In this study, only three coral-associated barnacles-from two genera in two subfamilies-were collected. The Pyrgomatinid barnacles Cantellius arcuatus and Cantellius cf. euspinulosum were found only on the corals Montipora millepora and Alveopora japonica, respectively. The Megatrematinid barnacle Pyrgomina oulastreae, relatively a generalist, was found on Psammocora spp. (both profundacella and albopicta) and Oulastrea crispata corals. The host usage of these three barnacles does not overlap. DNA barcode sequences of the C. arcuatus specimens collected in the present study matched those collected in Kochi in Japan, Taiwan, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea, suggesting that this species has a wide geographical distribution. C. arcuatus covers a wider host range in Taiwan waters, inhabiting Montipora spp. and Porites spp., which suggests that the host specificity of coral-associated barnacles varies with host availability. C. cf. euspinulosum probably has a very narrow distribution and host usage. The sequences of C. cf. euspinulosum on Jeju Island do not match those of any known sequences of Cantellius barnacles in the Indo-Pacific region. P. oulastreae probably prefers cold water because it has been reported in temperate regions. Coral-associated barnacles in marginal communities have considerably lower diversity than their subtropical and tropical counterparts. When host availability is limited, marginal coral-associated barnacles exhibit higher host specificity than those in subtropical and tropical reef systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guang Xu
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyong Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chan BKK, Chang YW. A new deep-sea scalpelliform barnacle, Vulcanolepas buckeridgei sp. nov. (Eolepadidae: Neolepadinae) from hydrothermal vents in the Lau Basin. Zootaxa 2018; 4407:117-129. [PMID: 29690209 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4407.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes a new species of Vulcanolepas from the Lau Basin in the South Pacific. The basal angle of the tergum of Vulcanolepas buckeridgei sp. nov. is elevated from the capitular-peduncular margin at ~1/6 of the capitular height. The mandibles of V. buckeridgei sp. nov. are tridentoid; the cutting margins of the second and third teeth are long and each tooth possesses 18-20 sharp spines. The proximal segments of the anterior and posterior rami of cirrus I are protuberant and with dense, simple setae. DNA barcode sequences of Vulcanolepas buckeridgei sp. nov. are similar to Vulcanolepas sp. 1 collected from the Lau Basin (Herrera et al. 2015). Vulcanolepas buckeridgei is morphologically similar to Vulcanolepas 'Lau A' collected in the Lau Basin (Southward Newman 1998). This suggests that Vulcanolepas buckeridgei sp. nov. is widespread in the Lau Basin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan..
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Watanabe HK, Chen C, Marie DP, Takai K, Fujikura K, Chan BKK. Phylogeography of hydrothermal vent stalked barnacles: a new species fills a gap in the Indian Ocean 'dispersal corridor' hypothesis. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:172408. [PMID: 29765686 PMCID: PMC5936951 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phylogeography of animals provides clues to processes governing their evolution and diversification. The Indian Ocean has been hypothesized as a 'dispersal corridor' connecting hydrothermal vent fauna of Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Stalked barnacles of the family Eolepadidae are common associates of deep-sea vents in Southern, Pacific and Indian oceans, and the family is an ideal group for testing this hypothesis. Here, we describe Neolepas marisindica sp. nov. from the Indian Ocean, distinguished from N. zevinae and N. rapanuii by having a tridentoid mandible in which the second tooth lacks small elongated teeth. Morphological variations suggest that environmental differences result in phenotypic plasticity in the capitulum and scales on the peduncle in eolepadids. We suggest that diagnostic characters in Eolepadidae should be based mainly on more reliable arthropodal characters and DNA barcoding, while the plate arrangement should be used carefully with their intraspecific variation in mind. We show morphologically that Neolepas specimens collected from the South West Indian Ridge, the South East Indian Ridge and the Central Indian Ridge belong to the new species. Molecular phylogeny and fossil evidence indicated that Neolepas migrated from the southern Pacific to the Indian Ocean through the Southern Ocean, providing key evidence against the 'dispersal corridor' hypothesis. Exploration of the South East Indian Ridge is urgently required to understand vent biogeography in the Indian Ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Kayama Watanabe
- Department of Marine Biodiversity Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Subsurface Geobiological Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daniel P. Marie
- Mauritius Oceanography Institute, Avenue des Anchois, Morcellement de Chazal, Albion, Mauritius
| | - Ken Takai
- Department of Subsurface Geobiological Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsunori Fujikura
- Department of Marine Biodiversity Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Benny K. K. Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shih HT, Chan BKK, Ng PKL. Tubuca alcocki, a new pseudocryptic species of fiddler crab from the Indian Ocean, sister to the southeastern African T. urvillei (H. Milne Edwards, 1852) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Ocypodidae). Zookeys 2018; 747:41-62. [PMID: 29674902 PMCID: PMC5904522 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.747.23468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new pseudocryptic species of fiddler crab, Tubuca alcockisp. n., is described from the northern Indian Ocean. The new species was previously identified with T. urvillei (H. Milne Edwards, 1852), but can be distinguished by the structures of the anterolateral angle of the carapace and male first gonopod. The molecular data of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene shows that both are sister taxa and the divergence time is estimated at 2.2 million years ago, around the beginning of the Pleistocene. While the new species is widely distributed in the northern part of Indian Ocean, occurring from the Red Sea to India and the Andaman Sea; T. urvillei sensu stricto has a more restricted range, and is known only from southeastern Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Te Shih
- Department of Life Science and Research Center for Global Change Biology, National Chung Hsing University, 250, Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Peter K L Ng
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Republic of Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kim SJ, Lee WK, Hou BK, Chan BKK, Ju SJ. Complete mitochondrial genome of the deep-sea asymmetrical barnacle Altiverruca navicula (Cirripedia, Thoracica, Verrucumorpha). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2017; 2:934-935. [PMID: 33474043 PMCID: PMC7800000 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2017.1413297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The hitherto suborder Verrucomorpha contains asymmetrical barnacles of two groups: the true Verrucomorpha (Eoverruca + Verrucidae) and the Neoverrucidae. Here, we determined the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Altiverruca navicula, a true Verrucomorpha species. The mitogenome was 15,976 base pairs in length and had the typical pancrustacean gene arrangement. Its protein-coding genes were very similar to those of other thoracican species in terms of length, AT content, and start and stop codons. In phylogenetic trees constructed with 13 protein-coding genes, A. navicula was positioned at an ancestral node of sessile barnacles, consistent with the findings of previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Joo Kim
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Lee
- Deep-Sea and Seabed Mineral Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Bo Kyeng Hou
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academica Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Se-Jong Ju
- Deep-Sea and Seabed Mineral Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan, South Korea.,Marine Biology Major, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Coral-associated invertebrates are the most significant contributors to the diversity of reef ecosystems, but no studies have examined how larvae manage to settle and grow in their coral hosts. Video recordings were used to document this process in the coral barnacle Darwiniella angularis associated with the coral Cyphastrea chalcidicum Settlement and metamorphosis in feeding juveniles lasted 8-11 days and comprised six phases. The settling cyprid starts by poking its antennules into the tissue of the prospective host (I: probing stage). The coral releases digestive filaments for defence, but tolerating such attack the cyprid penetrates further (II: battling stage). Ecdysis is completed 2 days after settlement (III: carapace detachment). The barnacle becomes embedded deep in the coral tissue while completing metamorphosis between 4 and 6 days (IV: embedding stage), but reappears as a feeding juvenile 8-11 days after settlement (V: emerging stage; VI: feeding stage). Cyprids preferably settle in areas between the coral polyps, where they have a much higher survival rate than on the polyp surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Chien Wen Liu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jens Thorvald Høeg
- Marine Biology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chan BKK, Sari A, Høeg JT. Cirripede Cypris Antennules: How Much Structural Variation Exists Among Balanomorphan Species from Hard-Bottom Habitats? Biol Bull 2017; 233:135-143. [PMID: 29373061 DOI: 10.1086/695689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Barnacle cypris antennules are important for substratum attachment during settlement and on through metamorphosis from the larval stage to sessile adult. Studies on the morphology of cirripede cyprids are mostly qualitative, based on descriptions from images obtained using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). To our knowledge, our study is the first to use scanning electron microscopy to quantify overall structural diversity in cypris antennules by measuring 26 morphological parameters, including the structure of sensory organs. We analyzed cyprids from seven species of balanomorphan barnacles inhabiting rocky shore communities; for comparison, we also included a sponge-inhabiting balanomorphan and a verrucomorphan species. Multivariate analysis of the structural parameters resulted in two distinct clusters of species. From nonmetric multidimensional scaling plots, the sponge-inhabiting Balanus spongicola and Verruca stroemia formed one cluster, while the other balanomorphan species, all from hard bottoms, grouped together in the other cluster. The shape of the attachment disk on segment 3 is the key parameter responsible for the separation into two clusters. The present results show that species from a coastal hard-bottom habitat may share a nearly identical antennular structure that is distinct from barnacles from other habitats, and this finding supports the fact that such species also have rather similar reactions to substratum cues during settlement. Any differences that may be found in settlement biology among such species must therefore be due either to differences in the properties of their adhesive mechanisms or to the way that sensory stimuli are detected by virtually identical setae and processed into settlement behavior by the cyprid.
Collapse
Key Words
- AD, attachment disk
- ANOSIM, analysis of similarity
- RDS, radial disk setae
- RDS-5, radial disk seta 5
- SIMPER, similarity percentage
- TS-A+B, terminal setae A and B
- TS-D, terminal seta D
- as2, second antennular segment
- as3, third antennular segment
- nMDS, nonmetric multidimensional scaling
Collapse
|
46
|
Ewers-Saucedo C, Chan BKK, Zardus JD, Wares JP. Parallel Patterns of Host-Specific Morphology and Genetic Admixture in Sister Lineages of a Commensal Barnacle. Biol Bull 2017; 232:171-185. [PMID: 28898602 DOI: 10.1086/693356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic relationships are often species specific, allowing symbionts to adapt to their host environments. Host generalists, on the other hand, have to cope with diverse environments. One coping strategy is phenotypic plasticity, defined by the presence of host-specific phenotypes in the absence of genetic differentiation. Recent work indicates that such host-specific phenotypic plasticity is present in the West Pacific lineage of the commensal barnacle Chelonibia testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1758). We investigated genetic and morphological host-specific structure in the genetically distinct Atlantic sister lineage of C. testudinaria. We collected adult C. testudinaria from loggerhead sea turtles, horseshoe crabs, and blue crabs along the eastern U.S. coast between Delaware and Florida and in the Gulf of Mexico off Mississippi. We find that shell morphology, especially shell thickness, is host specific and comparable in similar host species between the Atlantic and West Pacific lineages. We did not detect significant genetic differentiation related to host species when analyzing data from 11 nuclear microsatellite loci and mitochondrial sequence data, which is comparable to findings for the Pacific lineage. The most parsimonious explanation for these parallel patterns between distinct lineages of C. testudinaria is that C. testudinaria maintained phenotypic plasticity since the lineages diverged 4-5 mya.
Collapse
|
47
|
Kolbasov GA, Chan BKK, Molodtsova TN, Achituv Y. Revision of the coral-inhabiting genus Conopea (Cirripedia: Archaeobalanidae) with description of two new species of the genera Conopea and Acasta. Zootaxa 2016; 4178:182-208. [PMID: 27811720 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4178.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of archaeobalanid barnacles of the genera Conopea and Acasta inhabiting cnidarians of the orders Alcyonacea and Antipatharia was surveyed. Based on morphological characteristics, it became evident that the species of the nominal genus Conopea fell into three natural groups affiliated to three archaeobalanid genera, Conopea s.s., Acasta and Solidobalanus. The relationships between the species of Conopea s.l. and those of Acasta inhabiting alcyanaceans are analyzed using a cladistic approach. The barnacles of the genus Conopea s.s. are characterized by a strong, firm shell; the orifice is not dentate; rostral and sometimes carinal plates are often elongated in their basal parts; the rostro-carinal axis of the basis is often elongated and clasps the axis of the host coral; the radii have summits parallel to the basal margin of the parietes, and denticulated sutural margins; the scutum has simple growth ridges without longitudinal striation or ribs; the basitergal angle is truncated (sinusoid); and the basidorsal point of the penis is developed. The genus Conopea s.s. encompasses 20 epizoic species from tropical and temperate seas, inhabiting alcyonaceans (sea fans or gorgonians) and antipatharians. A new species of Conopea and a new species of Acasta are described, and a key to the species of Conopea s.s. is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Kolbasov
- White Sea Biological Station, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.;
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Tina N Molodtsova
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ; unknown
| | - Yair Achituv
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.;
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Al-Yahya H, Chen HN, Chan BKK, Kado R, Høeg JT. Morphology of Cyprid Attachment Organs Compared Across Disparate Barnacle Taxa: Does It Relate to Habitat? Biol Bull 2016; 231:120-129. [PMID: 27820904 DOI: 10.1086/690092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study used morphometric analyses to compare the structure of the third antennular segment, also called the attachment organ, in cyprid larvae from cirripede species representing a diverse set of taxonomic groups. The aim was to investigate the degree of morphological variation in view of the diversity of habitats, settlement substrata, and modes of life found in the Cirripedia. In all cyprids the third segment features a flat surface (the attachment disc) covered with small cuticular villi thought to function in adhesion. The parameters analyzed were the angle of this disc relative to the long axis of the antennule, its shape (outline), the density of cuticular villi, and the type of cuticular structure encircling the disc. The 10 species studied came from most major groups of cirripedes, and comprised shallow-water forms inhabiting hard bottoms (Capitulum mitella, Pollicipes pollicipes, Semibalanus balanoides, Austrominius modestus, Megabalanus rosa), sublittoral forms (Verruca stroemia, Scalpellum scalpellum), epibiotic forms settling on live, soft tissues (Balanus spongicola, Savignium crenatum), and a parasite (Peltogaster paguri). Significant structural variation was found among the species, but due to limited taxon sampling it was unclear whether the differences relate to ecological factors or phylogenetic affiliation. The disc perimeter is guarded by either a series of long and thin cuticular fringes overreaching the rim of the disc (= a velum) or a few low, but very broad cuticular flaps (= a skirt). The presence of a velum (in all rocky-shore species) or a skirt (all other species) around the attachment disc was the only parameter that was clearly correlated with habitat. The shape of the third antennular segment varied from a symmetrical bell shape with a distally facing attachment disc having a circular disc outline, to segments that were elongated in side view, with a very tilted ventral disc surface having an elliptical disc outline. The bell shape may be most common in forms from rocky shores, but in our test of morphometric parameters only Scalpellum scalpellum (sublittoral), Savignium crenatum (epibiotic in corals), and Peltogaster paguri (parasitic) had shapes that differed significantly from the other species. The density of villi on the attachment disc varied significantly, but also showed no clear-cut correlation with substratum or habitat. Attachment organ structure is clearly the most variable feature in cirripede cyprids. To evaluate the degree to which attachment organ structure is correlated with habitat, settlement substratum, and mode of life, future studies should employ a more refined statistical analysis on an enlarged dataset, with much increased taxon sampling and a more multifaceted definition of ecological variables.
Collapse
|
49
|
Chan BKK, Chen HN, Rodriguez Moreno PA, Corbari L. Diversity and biogeography of the little known deep-sea barnacles of the genus Waikalasma Buckeridge, 1983 (Balanomorpha: Chionelasmatoidea) in the Southwest Pacific, with description of a new species. J NAT HIST 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1226445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
50
|
Chan BKK, Cheang CC. First discovery of a new species of Newmanella Ross, 1969 (Balanomorpha: Tetraclitidae) in the western Pacific, with a note on the new status of Neonrosella Jones, 2010. Zootaxa 2016; 4098:201-26. [PMID: 27394583 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4098.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes a new species of Newmanella Ross, 1969 (Thoracica: Tetraclitidae: Newmanellinae) from Taiwan. Species in this genus are believed to be distributed in tropical western Atlantic waters and the present study is the first report of a new species of Newmanella in the western Pacific. Newmanella spinosus sp. nov. is morphologically close to N. radiata Bruguiére, 1789 but it is distinguished from N. radiata by the morphology of the scutum, tergum, cirrus II, mandible and maxillule. Sequence divergence of 12S rDNA between N. radiata and N. spinosus sp. nov. reached 7.6%, suggesting these are two different species. Newmanella spinosus sp. nov. is distributed in the Philippines, Taiwan and Okinawa but is absent from Hong Kong, Hainan and China. The distribution is probably affected by the Kuroshio Current. The subfamily Newmanellinae Ross and Perreault, 1999 contains two genera, Newmanella and Yamaguchiella Ross & Perreault, 1999. Neonrosella Jones, 2010 is a subgenus of Yamaguchiella. A recent molecular analysis (Tsang et al. 2015) determined that Yamaguchiella and Neonrosella are located in two distinct and distantly-related clades within the tetraclitid clade, suggesting that the subgenus Neonrosella is not closely related to Yamaguchiella and should be elevated to generic status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; unknown
| | - Chi Chiu Cheang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies & Centre for Education in Environmental Sustainability, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Taipo, Hong Kong; unknown
| |
Collapse
|