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Lv S, Hu T, Zhang R, Zhou Y, Yu W, Wang Z, Shi C, Lian J, Huang S, Pei G, Luan B. Rhamnose Displays an Anti-Obesity Effect Through Stimulation of Adipose Dopamine Receptors and Thermogenesis. Diabetes 2023; 72:326-335. [PMID: 36473059 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure leads to the prevalence of obesity worldwide. A strategy to simultaneously limit energy intake and promote energy expenditure would be an important new obesity treatment. Here, we identified rhamnose as a nonnutritive sweetener to promote adipose thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Rhamnose promotes cAMP production and PKA activation through dopamine receptor D1 in adipose tissue. As a result, rhamnose administration promotes UCP1-dependent thermogenesis and ameliorates obesity in mice. Thus, we have demonstrated a rhamnose-dopamine receptor D1-PKA axis critical for thermogenesis, and that rhamnose may have a role in therapeutic molecular diets against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zelin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changjie Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjiang Lian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Luan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Jiang J, Zhou D, Zhang A, Yu W, Du L, Yuan H, Zhang C, Wang Z, Jia X, Zhang ZN, Luan B. Thermogenic adipocyte-derived zinc promotes sympathetic innervation in male mice. Nat Metab 2023; 5:481-494. [PMID: 36879120 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Sympathetic neurons activate thermogenic adipocytes through release of catecholamine; however, the regulation of sympathetic innervation by thermogenic adipocytes is unclear. Here, we identify primary zinc ion (Zn) as a thermogenic adipocyte-secreted factor that promotes sympathetic innervation and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and subcutaneous white adipose tissue in male mice. Depleting thermogenic adipocytes or antagonizing β3-adrenergic receptor on adipocytes impairs sympathetic innervation. In obesity, inflammation-induced upregulation of Zn chaperone protein metallothionein-2 decreases Zn secretion from thermogenic adipocytes and leads to decreased energy expenditure. Furthermore, Zn supplementation ameliorates obesity by promoting sympathetic neuron-induced thermogenesis, while sympathetic denervation abrogates this antiobesity effect. Thus, we have identified a positive feedback mechanism for the reciprocal regulation of thermogenic adipocytes and sympathetic neurons. This mechanism is important for adaptive thermogenesis and could serve as a potential target for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkun Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Donglei Zhou
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anke Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Metabolic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiwen Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zelin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuyang Jia
- Department of Metabolic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Ning Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Luan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Lv S, Zhou Y, Chen J, Yuan H, Zhang ZN, Luan B. Hepatic ER stress suppresses adipose browning through ATF4-CIRP-ANGPTL3 cascade. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111422. [PMID: 36170814 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a hallmark of obesity-induced liver steatosis and contributes to the progress of steatosis and insulin resistance in liver. However, its influence on adipose function is still unclear. Here, we identify a hepatic ER stress-induced activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP)-angiopoietin-related protein3 (ANGPTL3) cascade critical for the regulation of adipose browning. We find that obesity increases CIRP expression in liver through ER stress-induced ATF4. CIRP in turn binds to the 3' UTR and increases mRNA stability of ANGPTL3. ANGPTL3 secreted from liver suppresses uncoupling protein 1 expression through integrin αvβ3 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase in adipose tissue. While hepatic expression of either ATF4, CIRP, or ANGPTL3 suppresses adipose browning, knockdown of CIRP and ANGPTL3 in liver or administration of integrin αvβ3 inhibitor cilengitide increases adipose browning process. Taken together, we identify a communication mechanism to link hepatic ER stress and adipose browning that may imply a reciprocal regulation of obesity and liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yingqun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jiaojiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Huiwen Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhen-Ning Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Bing Luan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
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Luan B, Yuan R, Xin QQ, Cong WH, Song P. [Effects of components in stasis-resolving and collateral-dredging Chinese herbal medicines on angiogenesis and inflammatory response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by VEGF]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2022; 47:737-744. [PMID: 35178957 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20211012.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the mechanism of components in stasis-resolving and collateral-dredging Chinese herbal medicines, including scutellarin(Scu), paeonol(Pae), and hydroxy safflower yellow A(HSYA), in the treatment of psoriasis by regulating angiogenesis and inflammation. The human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) cultured in vitro were divided into a normal group, a model group, a VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor Ⅱ(VRI) group, and Scu, Pae, and HSYA groups with low, me-dium, and high doses. Cell viability was detected by the CCK-8 assay. Cell migration was detected by wound healing assay. Tube formation assay was used to measure the tube formation ability. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of the VEGFR2/Akt/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. The secretion levels of inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were detected by ELISA. The results showed that compared with the model group, all the Scu, Pae, and HSYA groups could reduce cell viability, inhibit cell migration and tube formation(P<0.05, P<0.01), and down-regulated the protein expression of VEGFR2, p-VEGFR2, Akt, p-Akt, ERK1/2, and p-ERK1/2. Scu and Pae could down-regulate VEGFR2 expression(P<0.05, P<0.01), while other groups only showed a downward trend. Scu and Pae significantly reduced IFN-γ and IL-6 levels(P<0.01), and HSYA significantly reduced the levels of IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6(P<0.01). Scu, Pae, and HSYA had no significant effect on TNF-α. The results suggested that Scu, Pae, and HSYA may exert a therapeutic role in psoriasis-related angiogenesis and inflammation by inhibiting VEGFR2/Akt/ERK1/2 signaling pathway and inhibiting the secretion of IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Luan
- Department of Dermatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100053, China
| | - Rong Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qi-Qi Xin
- Department of Cardiovascular, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wei-Hong Cong
- Department of Cardiovascular, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Dermatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100053, China
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Wang X, Chen Y, Wang X, Tian H, Wang Y, Jin J, Shan Z, Liu Y, Cai Z, Tong X, Luan Y, Tan X, Luan B, Ge X, Ji H, Jiang X, Wang P. Stem cell factor SOX2 confers ferroptosis resistance in lung cancer via upregulation of SLC7A11. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5217-5229. [PMID: 34385181 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a lipid peroxidation-dependent cell death caused by metabolic dysfunction. Ferroptosis-associated enzymes are promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. However, such therapeutic strategies show limited efficacy due to drug resistance and other largely unknown underlying mechanisms. Here we report that cystine transporter SLC7A11 is upregulated in lung cancer stem-like cells (CSLC) and can be activated by stem cell transcriptional factor SOX2. Mutation of SOX2 binding site in SLC7A11 promoter reduced SLC7A11 expression and increased sensitivity to ferroptosis in cancer cells. Oxidation at Cys265 of SOX2 inhibited its activity and decreased the self-renewal capacity of CSLCs. Moreover, tumors with high SOX2 expression were more resistant to ferroptosis, and SLC7A11 expression was positively correlated with SOX2 in both mouse and human lung cancer tissue. Together, our study provides a mechanism by which cancer cells evade ferroptosis and suggests that oxidation of SOX2 can be a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University
| | - Yueqing Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology
| | - Xudong Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University
| | - Hongling Tian
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University
| | | | - Jiali Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University
| | - Zezhi Shan
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University
| | - Yu'e Liu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University
| | - Zhenyu Cai
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Tongji University
| | - Xinyuan Tong
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology
| | - Yi Luan
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University
| | - Xiao Tan
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University
| | - Bing Luan
- Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University
| | - Xin Ge
- Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Cell Biology, Memoria Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University
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Song L, Luan B, Xu QR, Wang XF. Effect of TLR7 gene expression mediating NF-κB signaling pathway on the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma in mice and the intervention role of IFN-γ. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:866-879. [PMID: 33577041 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202101_24655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of TLR7 mediating NF-κB signaling pathway on the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma in mice and the intervention effect of IFN-γ in the process. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental animals were 70 C57BL/6J female mice of clean grade, which were divided into 7 groups according to different treatment protocols, including Normal group, Asthma group, Model+1-MT group, Model+IFN-γ group, Model+TLR7 agonist group, TLR7 deficient group, and Model+TLR7 deficient group. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissues. The positive expression rates of TLR7, p-IKKα and NF-κBp65 were detected by immunohistochemistry. bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells were classified and counted. The contents of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-γ in BALF supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Following isolation, culture and plasmid construction of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCS) from normal mice and asthmatic mice, cells were transfected and divided into the Control group, pcDNA-TLR7 NC group, siRNA-TLR7 NC group, pcDNA-TLR7 group, siRNA-TLR7 group, Asatone group, Triptolide group, and pcDNA-TLR7 +Asatone group. The expression of TLR7, IDO, p-IKKα and NF-κBp65 was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was used to detect the proliferation of ASMCS. The cell cycle and apoptosis of ASMCS were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS HE staining showed successful modeling of asthma. Immunohistochemical test showed that the positive expression rate of TLR7 in the Asthma group was significantly decreased, and that of IKKα and NF-κBp65 was significantly increased, with significantly increased IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ levels (all p<0.05). Model+1-MT group and Model+TLR7 deficient group had a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration, increased IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ levels, decreased expression levels of TLR7 and IDO, and increased expression of p-IKKα and NF-κBp65 (all p<0.05); while the opposites results were detected in Model+IFN-γ group and Model+TLR7 agonist group (all p<0.05). Cell transfection experiments revealed that pcDNA-TLR7 group and Triptolide group had increased TLR7 expression while decreased p-IKKα and NF-κBp65, decreased proliferation level, and increased cell apoptosis (all p<0.05); while the contrary results were found in siRNA-TLR7 group and Asatone group (all p<0.05); yet without significant difference in pcDNA-TLR7+Asatone group (all p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of TLR7 can inhibit the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway, reduces airway inflammation, inhibits ASMCS proliferation and thus promotes cell apoptosis in asthmatic mice. Besides, IFN-γ can exert a protective role in suppressing the progression of inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Song
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, P.R. China.
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Zhang X, Lv S, Luo Z, Hu Y, Peng X, Lv J, Zhao S, Feng J, Huang G, Wan QL, Liu J, Huang H, Luan B, Wang D, Zhao X, Lin Y, Zhou Q, Zhang ZN, Rong Z. Erratum for article 'MiniCAFE, a CRISPR/Cas9-based compact and potent transcriptional activator, elicits gene expression invivo'. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:6002. [PMID: 34009338 PMCID: PMC8191760 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sihan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhenhuan Luo
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yongfei Hu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianqi Feng
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guanjie Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qin-Li Wan
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Hongxin Huang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Bing Luan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Department of Development, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhen-Ning Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhili Rong
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
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Zhang X, Lv S, Luo Z, Hu Y, Peng X, Lv J, Zhao S, Feng J, Huang G, Wan QL, Liu J, Huang H, Luan B, Wang D, Zhao X, Lin Y, Zhou Q, Zhang ZN, Rong Z. MiniCAFE, a CRISPR/Cas9-based compact and potent transcriptional activator, elicits gene expression in vivo. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:4171-4185. [PMID: 33751124 PMCID: PMC8053112 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-mediated gene activation (CRISPRa) is a promising therapeutic gene editing strategy without inducing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, in vivo implementation of these CRISPRa systems remains a challenge. Here, we report a compact and robust miniCas9 activator (termed miniCAFE) for in vivo activation of endogenous target genes. The system relies on recruitment of an engineered minimal nuclease-null Cas9 from Campylobacter jejuni and potent transcriptional activators to a target locus by a single guide RNA. It enables robust gene activation in human cells even with a single DNA copy and is able to promote lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans through activation of longevity-regulating genes. As proof-of-concept, delivered within an all-in-one adeno-associated virus (AAV), miniCAFE can activate Fgf21 expression in the liver and regulate energy metabolism in adult mice. Thus, miniCAFE holds great therapeutic potential against human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sihan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhenhuan Luo
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yongfei Hu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianqi Feng
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guanjie Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qin-Li Wan
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Hongxin Huang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Bing Luan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Department of Development, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhen-Ning Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhili Rong
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
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Xu BY, Li YL, Luan B, Zhang YL, Jia TM, Qiao JY. MiR-26a protects type II alveolar epithelial cells against mitochondrial apoptosis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 22:486-491. [PMID: 29424907 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201801_14199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the miR-26a effects on H2O2-induced apoptosis of Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC-II) and the potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS AEC-II cells were treated with 0.5 mmol/L H2O2 to mimic cellular model of acute lung injury. Transmitting electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to observe the change of morphological structures. After infecting with miR-26a mimics, flow cytometry was performed to detect cell apoptosis. Western blot was also done to explore mitochondrial apoptosis-related markers: Caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bax. AEC-II cells treated with 0.5 mmol/L H2O2 exhibited significant cell apoptosis. Overexpression using miR-26a mimics partially reversed the effects of H2O2-induced apoptosis in AEC-II cells, evidenced by flow cytometry results. RESULTS Further Western blot results revealed increased levels of Caspase-3 and Bax, and the decreased Bcl-2 level after infecting with miR-26a mimics, indicating miR-26a has protective effects against mitochondrial apoptosis in AEC-II cells. CONCLUSIONS MiR-26a protected AEC-II cells against apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway. Thus, miR-26a promises to be a potential therapy in treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- B-Y Xu
- Department of Pediatrics Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
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Wu Z, Meng D, Fang C, Li J, Zheng X, Lin J, Zeng H, Lv S, Zhang Z, Luan B, Zhong Z, Chen J. PITX3 mutations associated with autosomal dominant congenital cataract in the Chinese population. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3123-3131. [PMID: 30816539 PMCID: PMC6423573 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the disease‑causing gene of a four‑generation Chinese family affected with congenital posterior subcapsular cataracts (CPSC), to additionally investigate the frequency of paired like homeodomain 3 (PITX3) mutations in Chinese patients with autosomal dominant congenital cataract (ADCC) and to analyze the pathogenesis of the mutations identified in the present study. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was utilized to identify the genetic cause of CPSC in the four‑generation family. Sanger sequencing was performed to verify the WES results and to screen for mutations of the PITX3 gene in probands of an additional 194 Chinese ADCC families. Co‑segregation analysis was performed in the family members with available DNA. Subcellular localization analyses and transactivation assays were performed for the PITX3 mutations identified. From the WES data, the c.608delC (p.A203GfsX106) mutation of PITX3 was identified in the four‑generation family with CPSC. A second PITX3 mutation c.640_656del (p.A214RfsX42) was detected in two of the additional 194 ADCC families and one of these two families exhibited incomplete penetrance. Functional studies indicated that these 2 PITX3 mutant proteins retained a nuclear localization pattern, but resulted in decreased transactivation activity, similar to other previously identified PITX3 mutations. In the present study, 2 different mutations (p.A203GfsX106 and p.A214RfsX42) in PITX3 were identified as the causative defect in a four‑generation family with CPSC and two ADCC families, respectively. The prevalence of PITX3 gene‑associated cataract was 1.54% (3/195) in the Chinese congenital cataract (CC) family cohort. In vitro functional analyses of these 2 PITX3 mutations were performed, in order to enhance understanding of the pathogenesis of CC caused by PITX3 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Delong Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Chengbo Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Xiujie Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jiansuo Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Haijiang Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Sihan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Zhenning Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Bing Luan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Zilin Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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11
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Abstract
Type II diabetes is one of the most serious worldwide public health problems, and its hallmark is insulin resistance, obesity associated with chronic inflammation, and defective islet β-cell function. β-Arrestins play important roles in diabetes pathogenesis through scaffolding insulin-induced AKT activation in the liver, suppressing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ-mediated adipogenesis and inflammatory responses in adipose tissue and through promoting GLP-1-induced insulin secretion in the islet. The current chapter provides detailed protocols for both in vitro and in vivo studies of the function of β-arrestins associated with type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Luan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Li J, Lv S, Qiu X, Yu J, Jiang J, Jin Y, Guo W, Zhao R, Zhang ZN, Zhang C, Luan B. BMAL1 functions as a cAMP-responsive coactivator of HDAC5 to regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis. Protein Cell 2018; 9:976-980. [PMID: 29508277 PMCID: PMC6208480 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sihan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinchen Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamin Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junkun Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalan Jin
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxuan Guo
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruowei Zhao
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Ning Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bing Luan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Zhao X, Yu FQ, Huang XJ, Xu BY, Li YL, Zhao XY, Guo HF, Luan B. Azithromycin influences airway remodeling in asthma via the PI3K/Akt/MTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2018; 32:1079-1088. [PMID: 30334401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a respiratory disease that affects people of all walks of life, and is a hotspot of continuous research, with significant manpower and resources invested in its study. Airway remodeling is an important associated pathological change, and a mark of the irreversible damage produced by asthma. It involves compositional and functional changes in the cells of the airway walls, leading to reversible structural changes, and complicating treatment. Airway remodeling is mediated by different inflammatory pathways which have been targeted for treatment, with good results. However, given its complexity, systematic study of the pathogenesis of airway remodeling is still needed, and additional targeted therapies are necessary. Macrolide drugs, such as erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin, have antibacterial effects and also influence the cytokine secretion of macrophages and T-lymphocytes. They have direct effects on a variety of cytokines, inhibiting inflammation and reducing airway reactivity. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of azithromycin on airway remodeling through the phosphoinositol-3 kinase/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase/hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. We observed that a long course of azithromycin could significantly reduce airway reactivity and ovalbulmin-induced pathological alterations in asthmatic mice. Gene expression analysis confirmed that HIF-1α and VEGF were significantly down-regulated following a long course of azithromycin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - F Q Yu
- Maternal and Child health hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, China
| | - X J Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - B Y Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Y L Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - X Y Zhao
- Maternal and Child health hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, China
| | - H F Guo
- Maternal and Child health hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, China
| | - B Luan
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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14
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Liang J, Li L, Jin X, Xu B, Pi L, Liu S, Zhu W, Zhang C, Luan B, Gong L, Zhang C. Pharmacological effect of human melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein 2 variants on hypothalamic melanocortin receptors. Endocrine 2018; 61:94-104. [PMID: 29704154 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R), melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), and a recently identified melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2), are highly expressed in hypothalamus and coordinately regulate energy homeostasis, but the single cellular transcriptome of melanocortin system remains unknown. Several infrequent MRAP2 variants are reported from severe obese human patients but the mechanisms on how they affect melanocortin signaling are unclear. METHODS First, we performed in silico analysis of mouse hypothalamus RNA sequencing datasets at single-cell resolution from two independent studies. Next, we inspected the three-dimensional conformational alteration of three mutations on MRAP2 protein. Finally, the influence of MRAP2 variants on MC3R and MC4R signaling was analyzed in vitro. RESULTS (1) We confirmed the actual co-expression of Mrap2 with Mc3r and Mc4r, and demonstrated more broad distribution of Mrap2-positive neuronal populations than Mc3r or Mc4r in mouse hypothalamus. (2) Compared with wild-type MRAP2, MRAP2N88Y, and MRAP2R125C showed impaired α-MSH-induced MC4R or MC3R stimulation. (3) MRAP2N88Yexhibited enhanced interaction with MC4R protein and its own. CONCLUSIONS This is the first dedicated description of single-cell transcriptome signature of Mrap2, Mc3r, and Mc4r in the central nerve system and the first evidence describing the unique dimer formation, conformational change, and pharmacological effect of MRAP2 mutations on MC3R signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Animals
- Carrier Proteins/pharmacology
- Computer Simulation
- Genetic Variation
- Humans
- Hypothalamus/drug effects
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Mice
- Mutation/genetics
- Neurons/metabolism
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Plasmids
- RNA/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/metabolism
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/metabolism
- Receptors, Melanocortin/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- alpha-MSH/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinye Liang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanxuan Jin
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingxin Xu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linyu Pi
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangyun Liu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Luan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lulu Gong
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Qiu X, Li J, Lv S, Yu J, Jiang J, Yao J, Xiao Y, Xu B, He H, Guo F, Zhang ZN, Zhang C, Luan B. HDAC5 integrates ER stress and fasting signals to regulate hepatic fatty acid oxidation. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:330-338. [PMID: 29229738 PMCID: PMC5794426 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m080382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Disregulation of fatty acid oxidation, one of the major mechanisms for maintaining hepatic lipid homeostasis under fasting conditions, leads to hepatic steatosis. Although obesity and type 2 diabetes-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contribute to hepatic steatosis, it is largely unknown how ER stress regulates fatty acid oxidation. Here we show that fasting glucagon stimulates the dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5), where it interacts with PPARα and promotes transcriptional activity of PPARα. As a result, overexpression of HDAC5 but not PPARα binding-deficient HDAC5 in liver improves lipid homeostasis, whereas RNAi-mediated knockdown of HDAC5 deteriorates hepatic steatosis. ER stress inhibits fatty acid oxidation gene expression via calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-mediated phosphorylation of HDAC5. Most important, hepatic overexpression of a phosphorylation-deficient mutant HDAC5 2SA promotes hepatic fatty acid oxidation gene expression and protects against hepatic steatosis in mice fed a high-fat diet. We have identified HDAC5 as a novel mediator of hepatic fatty acid oxidation by fasting and ER stress signals, and strategies to promote HDAC5 dephosphorylation could serve as new tools for the treatment of obesity-associated hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sihan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamin Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junkun Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jindong Yao
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingxin Xu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan He
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfei Guo
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Ning Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Luan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Lv S, Qiu X, Li J, Liang J, Li W, Zhang C, Zhang ZN, Luan B. Glucagon-induced extracellular cAMP regulates hepatic lipid metabolism. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:73-87. [PMID: 28515141 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hormonal signals help to maintain glucose and lipid homeostasis in the liver during the periods of fasting. Glucagon, a pancreas-derived hormone induced by fasting, promotes gluconeogenesis through induction of intracellular cAMP production. Glucagon also stimulates hepatic fatty acid oxidation but the underlying mechanism is poorly characterized. Here we report that following the acute induction of gluconeogenic genes Glucose 6 phosphatase (G6Pase) and Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck) expression through cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), glucagon triggers a second delayed phase of fatty acid oxidation genes Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase (Aox) and Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (Cpt1a) expression via extracellular cAMP. Increase in extracellular cAMP promotes PPARα activity through direct phosphorylation by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), while inhibition of cAMP efflux greatly attenuates Aox and Cpt1a expression. Importantly, cAMP injection improves lipid homeostasis in fasted mice and obese mice, while inhibition of cAMP efflux deteriorates hepatic steatosis in fasted mice. Collectively, our results demonstrate the vital role of glucagon-stimulated extracellular cAMP in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism through AMPK-mediated PPARα activation. Therefore, strategies to improve cAMP efflux could serve as potential new tools to prevent obesity-associated hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Lv
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinchen Qiu
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinye Liang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weida Li
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Ning Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Luan
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Lv S, Qiu X, Li J, Li W, Zhang C, Zhang ZN, Luan B. Suppression of CRTC2-mediated hepatic gluconeogenesis by TRAF6 contributes to hypoglycemia in septic shock. Cell Discov 2016; 2:16046. [PMID: 27990298 PMCID: PMC5153457 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2016.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hypoglycemia has been documented as a major cause of high mortality in the setting of septic shock, the mechanism of hypoglycemia in infection has not been clearly determined. Hepatic gluconeogenesis serves as an important mechanism to maintain glucose levels under physiological conditions and CREB coactivator CRTC2 plays an important role in regulating gluconeogenic gene expression. Here, we show that triggering of the Toll-like receptor 4 pathway in response to endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhibits gluconeogenic gene expression and hepatic glucose output by blocking CRTC2 activation. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is found to disrupt gluconeogenic gene expression via the activation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6, a key component of the Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway that associates with and ubiquitinates CRTC2. TRAF6 promotes the K63-linked ubiquitination of CRTC2, a modification that blocks binding of calcineurin at an adjacent calcineurin-binding site, thereby disrupting CRTC2 dephosphorylation in response to glucagon signals. Mutation of TRAF6-binding sites or ubiquitination site in CRTC2 rescues hepatic gluconeogenesis in LPS-challenged mice. These results suggest that pro-inflammatory signals intersect with the CRTC2 pathway in liver, thus contributing to hypoglycemia caused by infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai, China
| | - Xinchen Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weida Li
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University , Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University , Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Ning Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University , Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Luan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai, China
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18
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Luan B, Sun C. Protective Effects of Dimedone Pyrone on Podocytes in Rats with Diabetic Nephropathy. TROP J PHARM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v14i9.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effect of dimedone pyrone (DP) on podocytes in rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods: The rats were randomly assigned into 5 experimental groups (n = 10), viz, non-diabetic control with no treatment (ND/NT), diabetic with no treatment (DG/NT), diabetic treated with 5 mg/kg dimedone pyrone (DG/DP 5), diabetic treated with 10 mg/kg dimedone pyrone (DG/DP 10) and diabetic treated with 20 mg/kk dimedone pyrone (DG/DP 20) group. Clinical parameters, including 24 h urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCR), blood glucose (GLU), and kidney weight (KW)/body weight (BW) were determined after 12 weeks of treatment. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to examine renal pathological changes while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed for evaluation of structural changes in the podocytes. The expression levels of nephrin and podocin were evaluated using immunofluorescence staining.Results: Dimedone pyrone caused a significant decrease in SCR, BUN, GLU, KW/BW and 24 h urine protein in DG/DP 20 group compared to DG/NT group. Furthermore, incidences of glomerular disorders, chronic tubulo-interstitial damage and glomerular podocyte lesions decreased significantly following dimedone pyrone treatment. Glomeruli, tubules and podocytes exhibited pathomorphological improvements while nephrin and podocin protein expression levels were significantly higher in the nephridial tissue. Decrease in relative kidney weight (KW/BW) and 24 h urinary protein level were improved significantly on treatment with dimedone pyrone. Moreover, glomerular disorder, chronic tubulo-interstitial damage and glomerular podocyte lesions were also suppressed. The improvement was more significant in DG/DP 20 compared to DG/DP 5 and DG/DP 10 groups.Conclusion: Dimedone pyrone exhibits a protective effect on the podocytes of rats and may be of therapeutic importance in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.Keywords: Dimedone pyrone, Podocin, Diabetic neuropathy, Nephrin, Glomerular disorders
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Abstract
Over the past ten years, the all-atom molecular dynamics method has grown in the scale of both systems and processes amenable to it and in its ability to make quantitative predictions about the behavior of experimental systems. The field of computational DNA research is no exception, witnessing a dramatic increase in the size of systems simulated with atomic resolution, the duration of individual simulations and the realism of the simulation outcomes. In this topical review, we describe the hallmark physical properties of DNA from the perspective of all-atom simulations. We demonstrate the amazing ability of such simulations to reveal the microscopic physical origins of experimentally observed phenomena. We also discuss the frustrating limitations associated with imperfections of present atomic force fields and inadequate sampling. The review is focused on the following four physical properties of DNA: effective electric charge, response to an external mechanical force, interaction with other DNA molecules and behavior in an external electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Maffeo
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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Luan B, Goodarzi MO, Phillips NG, Guo X, Chen YDI, Yao J, Allison M, Rotter JI, Shaw R, Montminy M. Leptin-mediated increases in catecholamine signaling reduce adipose tissue inflammation via activation of macrophage HDAC4. Cell Metab 2014; 19:1058-65. [PMID: 24768298 PMCID: PMC4207085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity promotes systemic insulin resistance through inflammatory changes that lead to the release of cytokines from activated macrophages. Although the mechanism is unclear, the second messenger cAMP has been found to attenuate macrophage activity in response to a variety of hormonal signals. We show that, in the setting of acute overnutrition, leptin triggers catecholamine-dependent increases in cAMP signaling that reduce inflammatory gene expression via the activation of the histone deacetylase HDAC4. cAMP stimulates HDAC4 activity through the PKA-dependent inhibition of the salt-inducible kinases (SIKs), which otherwise phosphorylate and sequester HDAC4 in the cytoplasm. Following its dephosphorylation, HDAC4 shuttles to the nucleus where it inhibits NF-κB activity over proinflammatory genes. As variants in the Hdac4 gene are associated with obesity in humans, our results indicate that the cAMP-HDAC4 pathway functions importantly in maintaining insulin sensitivity and energy balance via its effects on the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Luan
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Naomi G Phillips
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Matthew Allison
- Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Reuben Shaw
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marc Montminy
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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21
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Jestrović I, Dudik JM, Luan B, Coyle JL, Sejdić E. Baseline characteristics of cervical auscultation signals during various head maneuvers. Comput Biol Med 2013; 43:2014-20. [PMID: 24290916 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cervical auscultation (CA) is an emerging method of assessing swallowing disorders that is both non-invasive and inexpensive. This technique utilizes microphones to detect acoustic sounds produced by swallowing activity and characterize its behavior. Though some properties of swallowing sounds are known, there is still a need for a complete understanding of the baseline characteristics of cervical auscultation signals as well as how they change due to the patient's head motion, age, and sex. In order to examine these parameters, data was collected from 56 healthy adult participants that performed six different head movement tasks without swallowing. After preprocessing the signal, features were extracted. Dependent variables were time domain, frequency domain and time-frequency domain features. Statistical tests showed that only the skewness and peak frequency were not statistically different for all tasks. The peak frequency results indicate that head movement does not significantly affect the microphone signal, and that it is unnecessary to filter out the lowest frequency components. No sex differences were observed in the extracted features, but several features exhibited age dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Jestrović
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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23
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Luan B, Zhao J, Wu H, Duan B, Shu G, Wang X, Li D, Jia W, Kang J, Pei G. Deficiency of a beta-arrestin-2 signal complex contributes to insulin resistance. Nature 2009; 457:1146-9. [PMID: 19122674 DOI: 10.1038/nature07617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes, is a defect of insulin in stimulating insulin receptor signalling, which has become one of the most serious public health threats. Upon stimulation by insulin, insulin receptor recruits and phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate proteins, leading to activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K)-Akt pathway. Activated Akt phosphorylates downstream kinases and transcription factors, thus mediating most of the metabolic actions of insulin. Beta-arrestins mediate biological functions of G-protein-coupled receptors by linking activated receptors with distinct sets of accessory and effecter proteins, thereby determining the specificity, efficiency and capacity of signals. Here we show that in diabetic mouse models, beta-arrestin-2 is severely downregulated. Knockdown of beta-arrestin-2 exacerbates insulin resistance, whereas administration of beta-arrestin-2 restores insulin sensitivity in mice. Further investigation reveals that insulin stimulates the formation of a new beta-arrestin-2 signal complex, in which beta-arrestin-2 scaffolds Akt and Src to insulin receptor. Loss or dysfunction of beta-arrestin-2 results in deficiency of this signal complex and disturbance of insulin signalling in vivo, thereby contributing to the development of insulin resistance and progression of type 2 diabetes. Our findings provide new insight into the molecular pathogenesis of insulin resistance, and implicate new preventive and therapeutic strategies against insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Luan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
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24
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Luan B, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Kang J, Pei G. Beta-arrestin2 functions as a phosphorylation-regulated suppressor of UV-induced NF-kappaB activation. EMBO J 2005; 24:4237-46. [PMID: 16308565 PMCID: PMC1356323 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2005] [Accepted: 10/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-kappaB activation is an important mechanism of mammalian UV response to protect cells. UV-induced NF-kappaB activation depends on the casein kinase II (CK2) phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha at a cluster of C-terminal sites, but how it is regulated remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that beta-arrestin2 can function as an effective suppressor of UV-induced NF-kappaB activation through its direct interaction with IkappaBalpha. CK2 phosphorylation of beta-arrestin2 blocks its interaction with IkappaBalpha and abolishes its suppression of NF-kappaB activation, indicating that the beta-arrestin2 phosphorylation is critical. Moreover, stimulation of beta2-adrenergic receptors, a representative of G-protein-coupled receptors in epidermal cells, promotes dephosphorylation of beta-arrestin2 and its suppression of NF-kappaB activation. Consequently, the beta-arrestin2 suppression leads to promotion of UV-induced cell death, which is also under regulation of beta-arrestin2 phosphorylation. Thus, beta-arrestin2 is identified as a phosphorylation-regulated suppressor of UV response and this may play a functional role in the response of epidermal cells to UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Luan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenning Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalan Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuhong Kang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Pei
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China. Tel.: +86 21 5492 1371; Fax: +86 21 5492 1011; E-mail:
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Gao H, Sun Y, Wu Y, Luan B, Wang Y, Qu B, Pei G. Identification of beta-arrestin2 as a G protein-coupled receptor-stimulated regulator of NF-kappaB pathways. Mol Cell 2004; 14:303-17. [PMID: 15125834 DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(04)00216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2003] [Revised: 03/17/2004] [Accepted: 03/29/2004] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Norepinephrine released by the sympathetic nerve terminals regulates the immune system primarily via its stimulation of beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (beta(2)AR), but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elicited. Beta(2)AR, a well-studied G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is functionally regulated by beta-arrestin2, which not only causes receptor desensitization and internalization but also serves as a signaling molecule in GPCR signal transduction. Here we show that beta-arrestin2 directly interacts with IkappaBalpha (inhibitor of NF-kappaB, the key molecule in innate and adaptive immunity) and thus prevents the phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha. Consequently, beta-arrestin2 effectively modulates activation of NF-kappaB and expression of NF-kappaB target genes. Moreover, stimulation of beta(2)AR significantly enhances beta-arrestin2-IkappaBalpha interaction and greatly promotes beta-arrestin2 stabilization of IkappaBalpha, indicating that beta-arrestin2 mediates a crosstalk between beta(2)AR and NF-kappaB signaling pathways. Taken together, the current study may present a novel mechanism for regulation of the immune system by the sympathetic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The toroviruses, Berne virus (BEV) and Breda virus (BRV), are recognized pathogens of horses and cattle, respectively. Torovirus-like particles (TVLPs) that are immunologically related to BRV have been reported as etiological agents of gastroenteritis in humans. Of the toroviruses, only BEV has been shown to replicate in cell culture. Hence, these agents can be routinely detected only by electron microscopy (EM), although serological testing has been used as well. Our studies have provided supporting evidence that the TVLPs detected in the stool specimens of pediatric patients with gastroenteritis are human toroviruses. By EM, these particles are morphologically similar to BEV and BRV. Thin-section electron microscopy revealed that TVLPs contain toroidal-shaped nucleocapsids. Viruses purified from human fecal specimens agglutinate rabbit erythrocytes. BRV antiserum as well as convalescent sera from patients with gastroenteritis whose stools contain TVLPs were shown to contain antibodies that react with purified TVLPs as demonstrated by hemagglutination inhibition, immunoelectron microscopy, and immunoblotting. RNA extracted from partially purified TVLP preparations is amplifiable by RT-PCR using primers bracketing a 219-base region at the 3' end of the Berne virus genome. Sequence analysis of amplicons from five isolates showed a high degree of identity with the corresponding BEV sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Duckmanton
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
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Levett PN, Gu M, Luan B, Fearon M, Stubberfield J, Jamieson F, Petric M. Longitudinal study of molecular epidemiology of small round-structured viruses in a pediatric population. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34:1497-501. [PMID: 8735105 PMCID: PMC229049 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.34.6.1497-1501.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Small round-structured viruses (SRSV), recently designated members of the family Caliciviridae, can now be readily subtyped by amplification of a defined portion of their genome by reverse transcription-PCR and then by identification of the amplicons with specific probes by Southern blotting. A longitudinal survey (from 1991 to 1995) was conducted to determine the genotypes of the SRSV present in pediatric stool specimens from patients with sporadic cases of gastroenteritis. It was found that almost all viruses were of the G-2 genotype, and on probing, the subtype P2-B was predominant but the frequencies of the different subtypes varied from year to year. A survey of the genotypes of SRSV from community outbreaks from 1995 showed that the G-2 genotype was also predominant and that the distribution of its subtypes was similar to that seen in sporadic cases of diarrhea in pediatric patients over the same time period. It was concluded that there is a succession of subtypes of SRSV in our pediatric population over time. This distribution of genotypes in sporadic cases of pediatric gastroenteritis may reflect the distribution in community outbreaks occurring at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Levett
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital for Sick Children, and Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Abstract
In order to study proteoglycan retention and accumulation, we optimized a chondrocyte cell culture system in which isolated bovine articular chondrocytes accumulate extracellular matrix to form a continuous layer of cartilagenous tissue. The tissue can attain a thickness of up to 110 microns by 35 days. The cells synthesize large keratan sulfate containing proteoglycans and type II collagen indicating that the chondrocytes maintain their phenotype in these culture conditions. Matrix accumulation is enhanced by increased cell density and the presence of serum and ascorbic acid. The amount of proteoglycans synthesized by the chondrocytes increases up to day 21 and then decreases to the same levels as are synthesized during the first week of culture. The percentage of newly synthesized proteoglycans retained in the matrix increases from 20% on day 6 to a maximum of 85% by day 35. The proteoglycan and collagen content in the tissue increases with time in culture. The changes in the percentage of proteoglycans retained parallels the increase in proteoglycan content. After day 35, there is no further increase in the amount of proteoglycans and collagen nor in the percentage of newly synthesized proteoglycans retained in the extracellular matrix. These studies demonstrate that the cultures are going through two phases: one of matrix accumulation and then one of maintaining the existing matrix. The period of matrix accumulation occurs between days 10-21 whereas matrix maintenance is observed after day 35. Using this culture system to study proteoglycan accumulation and maintenance during these culture periods may prove useful in identifying the mechanisms regulating these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Boyle
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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