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Ade PAR, Ahmed Z, Amiri M, Barkats D, Thakur RB, Bischoff CA, Beck D, Bock JJ, Boenish H, Bullock E, Buza V, Cheshire JR, Connors J, Cornelison J, Crumrine M, Cukierman A, Denison EV, Dierickx M, Duband L, Eiben M, Fatigoni S, Filippini JP, Fliescher S, Goeckner-Wald N, Goldfinger DC, Grayson J, Grimes P, Hall G, Halal G, Halpern M, Hand E, Harrison S, Henderson S, Hildebrandt SR, Hilton GC, Hubmayr J, Hui H, Irwin KD, Kang J, Karkare KS, Karpel E, Kefeli S, Kernasovskiy SA, Kovac JM, Kuo CL, Lau K, Leitch EM, Lennox A, Megerian KG, Minutolo L, Moncelsi L, Nakato Y, Namikawa T, Nguyen HT, O'Brient R, Ogburn RW, Palladino S, Prouve T, Pryke C, Racine B, Reintsema CD, Richter S, Schillaci A, Schwarz R, Schmitt BL, Sheehy CD, Soliman A, Germaine TS, Steinbach B, Sudiwala RV, Teply GP, Thompson KL, Tolan JE, Tucker C, Turner AD, Umiltà C, Vergès C, Vieregg AG, Wandui A, Weber AC, Wiebe DV, Willmert J, Wong CL, Wu WLK, Yang H, Yoon KW, Young E, Yu C, Zeng L, Zhang C, Zhang S. Improved Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves using Planck, WMAP, and BICEP/Keck Observations through the 2018 Observing Season. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:151301. [PMID: 34678017 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.151301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present results from an analysis of all data taken by the BICEP2, Keck Array, and BICEP3 CMB polarization experiments up to and including the 2018 observing season. We add additional Keck Array observations at 220 GHz and BICEP3 observations at 95 GHz to the previous 95/150/220 GHz dataset. The Q/U maps now reach depths of 2.8, 2.8, and 8.8 μK_{CMB} arcmin at 95, 150, and 220 GHz, respectively, over an effective area of ≈600 square degrees at 95 GHz and ≈400 square degrees at 150 and 220 GHz. The 220 GHz maps now achieve a signal-to-noise ratio on polarized dust emission exceeding that of Planck at 353 GHz. We take auto- and cross-spectra between these maps and publicly available WMAP and Planck maps at frequencies from 23 to 353 GHz and evaluate the joint likelihood of the spectra versus a multicomponent model of lensed ΛCDM+r+dust+synchrotron+noise. The foreground model has seven parameters, and no longer requires a prior on the frequency spectral index of the dust emission taken from measurements on other regions of the sky. This model is an adequate description of the data at the current noise levels. The likelihood analysis yields the constraint r_{0.05}<0.036 at 95% confidence. Running maximum likelihood search on simulations we obtain unbiased results and find that σ(r)=0.009. These are the strongest constraints to date on primordial gravitational waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A R Ade
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Z Ahmed
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Amiri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - D Barkats
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - R Basu Thakur
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C A Bischoff
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - D Beck
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J J Bock
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - H Boenish
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - E Bullock
- Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Buza
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J R Cheshire
- Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Connors
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J Cornelison
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M Crumrine
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Cukierman
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E V Denison
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - M Dierickx
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - L Duband
- Service des Basses Températures, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - M Eiben
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - S Fatigoni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J P Filippini
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - S Fliescher
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - N Goeckner-Wald
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D C Goldfinger
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J Grayson
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P Grimes
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - G Hall
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - G Halal
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Halpern
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - E Hand
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - S Harrison
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - S Henderson
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S R Hildebrandt
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - G C Hilton
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - J Hubmayr
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - H Hui
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K D Irwin
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - J Kang
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - K S Karkare
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - E Karpel
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Kefeli
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S A Kernasovskiy
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J M Kovac
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - C L Kuo
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - K Lau
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - E M Leitch
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A Lennox
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - K G Megerian
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - L Minutolo
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - L Moncelsi
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Nakato
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - T Namikawa
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - H T Nguyen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - R O'Brient
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - R W Ogburn
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Palladino
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - T Prouve
- Service des Basses Températures, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - C Pryke
- Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - B Racine
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille 13288, France
| | - C D Reintsema
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - S Richter
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - A Schillaci
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Schwarz
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - B L Schmitt
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - C D Sheehy
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Soliman
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T St Germaine
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - B Steinbach
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R V Sudiwala
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - G P Teply
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K L Thompson
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J E Tolan
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - C Tucker
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - A D Turner
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - C Umiltà
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - C Vergès
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - A G Vieregg
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A Wandui
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A C Weber
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - D V Wiebe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J Willmert
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C L Wong
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - W L K Wu
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H Yang
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - K W Yoon
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E Young
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - C Yu
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - L Zeng
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abstract
Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, pre-existing dementia was associated with a 3x increase in risk of hospitalisation and (25.6%) of COVID-19 related deaths had dementia. However, it is unclear whether people living with dementia are at higher risk of COVID-19 due to dementia or whether there may be a biologically plausible link between dementia and COVID-19. The ApoE e4 allele is highly associated with dementia. We aimed to test the COVID-19 risk associated with dementia and the association between ApoE e4e4 allele and COVID-19 with the aim of clarifying biological vulnerability. Methods UK Biobank (England) participants baseline (2006 to 2010), plus secondary care data to 2017. Separate analysis tested dementia and ApoE genotype association with COVID-19 status (16th March-31st May 2020) or mortality (to March 31, 2020, plus incomplete deaths from April, 2020) in logistic models, adjusted for demographics and technical covariates. Results In 269,070 participants aged 65+, including 507(0.2%) hospitalized COVID-19 patients, those with pre-existing dementia were at increased risk of being hospitalized for COVID-19 (OR = 3.50 95% CI 1.93 to 6.34) and also for COVID-19 and death (OR = 7.30 95% CI 3.28–16.21). In 375,689 European-ancestry UKB participants, ApoE e4e4 homozygotes were more likely to be COVID-19 test positives (reaching genome-wide significance: OR = 2.24, 95% CI:1.72–2.93, p = 3.24 × 10–9) and of mortality with test-confirmed COVID-19 (OR = 4.29, 95% CI: 2.38–7.72, p = 1.22 × 10–6), compared to e3e3s homozygotes. The associations were little changed in subsets of participants who were free of diseases associated with ApoE e4 and COVID-19 severity. Conclusion Dementia was found to be disproportionally common in older adults who develop severe COVID-19. We have shown a plausible genetic pathway of increased COVID-19 risk with dementia, therefore suggesting that the positive association between dementia and COVID-19 is not just the result of high cases of COVID-19 in care homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Masoli
- University of Exeter Medical School; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Trust; Center on Aging, University of Connecticut
| | - C L Kuo
- University of Exeter Medical School; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Trust; Center on Aging, University of Connecticut
| | - J Atkins
- University of Exeter Medical School; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Trust; Center on Aging, University of Connecticut
| | - L Pilling
- University of Exeter Medical School; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Trust; Center on Aging, University of Connecticut
| | - J Delgado
- University of Exeter Medical School; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Trust; Center on Aging, University of Connecticut
| | - G Kuchel
- University of Exeter Medical School; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Trust; Center on Aging, University of Connecticut
| | - D Melzer
- University of Exeter Medical School; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Trust; Center on Aging, University of Connecticut
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Ade PAR, Ahmed Z, Aikin RW, Alexander KD, Barkats D, Benton SJ, Bischoff CA, Bock JJ, Bowens-Rubin R, Brevik JA, Buder I, Bullock E, Buza V, Connors J, Cornelison J, Crill BP, Crumrine M, Dierickx M, Duband L, Dvorkin C, Filippini JP, Fliescher S, Grayson J, Hall G, Halpern M, Harrison S, Hildebrandt SR, Hilton GC, Hui H, Irwin KD, Kang J, Karkare KS, Karpel E, Kaufman JP, Keating BG, Kefeli S, Kernasovskiy SA, Kovac JM, Kuo CL, Larsen NA, Lau K, Leitch EM, Lueker M, Megerian KG, Moncelsi L, Namikawa T, Netterfield CB, Nguyen HT, O'Brient R, Ogburn RW, Palladino S, Pryke C, Racine B, Richter S, Schillaci A, Schwarz R, Sheehy CD, Soliman A, St Germaine T, Staniszewski ZK, Steinbach B, Sudiwala RV, Teply GP, Thompson KL, Tolan JE, Tucker C, Turner AD, Umiltà C, Vieregg AG, Wandui A, Weber AC, Wiebe DV, Willmert J, Wong CL, Wu WLK, Yang H, Yoon KW, Zhang C. Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves Using Planck, WMAP, and New BICEP2/Keck Observations through the 2015 Season. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:221301. [PMID: 30547645 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.221301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present results from an analysis of all data taken by the bicep2/Keck CMB polarization experiments up to and including the 2015 observing season. This includes the first Keck Array observations at 220 GHz and additional observations at 95 and 150 GHz. The Q and U maps reach depths of 5.2, 2.9, and 26 μK_{CMB} arcmin at 95, 150, and 220 GHz, respectively, over an effective area of ≈400 square degrees. The 220 GHz maps achieve a signal to noise on polarized dust emission approximately equal to that of Planck at 353 GHz. We take auto and cross spectra between these maps and publicly available WMAP and Planck maps at frequencies from 23 to 353 GHz. We evaluate the joint likelihood of the spectra versus a multicomponent model of lensed-ΛCDM+r+dust+synchrotron+noise. The foreground model has seven parameters, and we impose priors on some of these using external information from Planck and WMAP derived from larger regions of sky. The model is shown to be an adequate description of the data at the current noise levels. The likelihood analysis yields the constraint r_{0.05}<0.07 at 95% confidence, which tightens to r_{0.05}<0.06 in conjunction with Planck temperature measurements and other data. The lensing signal is detected at 8.8σ significance. Running a maximum likelihood search on simulations we obtain unbiased results and find that σ(r)=0.020. These are the strongest constraints to date on primordial gravitational waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A R Ade
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Z Ahmed
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R W Aikin
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K D Alexander
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Barkats
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - S J Benton
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - C A Bischoff
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J J Bock
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - R Bowens-Rubin
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J A Brevik
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - I Buder
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - E Bullock
- Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Buza
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J Connors
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J Cornelison
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - B P Crill
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - M Crumrine
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Dierickx
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - L Duband
- Service des Basses Températures, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - C Dvorkin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J P Filippini
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - S Fliescher
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Grayson
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G Hall
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Halpern
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - S Harrison
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - S R Hildebrandt
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - G C Hilton
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - H Hui
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K D Irwin
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - J Kang
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - K S Karkare
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - E Karpel
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J P Kaufman
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - B G Keating
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - S Kefeli
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S A Kernasovskiy
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J M Kovac
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - C L Kuo
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - N A Larsen
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - K Lau
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - E M Leitch
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Lueker
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K G Megerian
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - L Moncelsi
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Namikawa
- Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - C B Netterfield
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - H T Nguyen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - R O'Brient
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - R W Ogburn
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Palladino
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - C Pryke
- Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - B Racine
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - S Richter
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - A Schillaci
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Schwarz
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C D Sheehy
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Soliman
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T St Germaine
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Z K Staniszewski
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - B Steinbach
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R V Sudiwala
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - G P Teply
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - K L Thompson
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J E Tolan
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - C Tucker
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - A D Turner
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - C Umiltà
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - A G Vieregg
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A Wandui
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A C Weber
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - D V Wiebe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J Willmert
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C L Wong
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - W L K Wu
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - H Yang
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - K W Yoon
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Dambska M, Labrador EB, Kuo CL, Weinstein DA. Prevention of complications in glycogen storage disease type Ia with optimization of metabolic control. Pediatr Diabetes 2017; 18:327-331. [PMID: 28568353 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior to 1971, type Ia glycogen storage disease was marked by life-threatening hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, severe failure to thrive, and developmental delay. With the introduction of continuous feeds in the 1970s and cornstarch in the 1980s, the prognosis improved, but complications almost universally developed. Changes in the management of type Ia glycogen storage disease have resulted in improved metabolic control, and this manuscript reviews the increasing evidence that complications can be delayed or prevented with optimal metabolic control as previously was seen in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dambska
- Glycogen Storage Disease Program, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - E B Labrador
- Glycogen Storage Disease Program, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - C L Kuo
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut.,Connecticut Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - D A Weinstein
- Glycogen Storage Disease Program, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
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Kuo CL, Tsai TL, Chang-Liao KS, Chao JH. Development of separation techniques for analysis of Nb-94 in radwaste samples. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 128:165-170. [PMID: 28728069 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A chemical separation technique for removing interfering gamma-ray radionuclides by combined precipitation of Nb pentoxide and anion exchange was proposed, thereby allowing detection of trace 94Nb in low-level radwastes. The detection limit for 94Nb was improved by a factor of 10-103, and the scaling factor (94Nb/60Co) of the radwastes was estimated to be less than 10-5. This technique can be used for low-level radwaste classification and power reactor decommissioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Kuo
- Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan ROC; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu 30071, Taiwan ROC
| | - T L Tsai
- Chemistry Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Longtan 32546, Taiwan ROC
| | - K S Chang-Liao
- Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan ROC
| | - J H Chao
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan ROC.
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6
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Kuo CL, Chen TL, Liao CC, Yeh CC, Chou CL, Lee WR, Lin JG, Shih CC. Birth month and risk of atopic dermatitis: a nationwide population-based study. Allergy 2016; 71:1626-1631. [PMID: 27286483 DOI: 10.1111/all.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An individual's birth month has been associated with allergic diseases, but little is known about the association between birth month and atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of AD in children born in various months. METHODS Using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we conducted a case-control study that included 31 237 AD cases and 124 948 age- and gender-matched controls without AD. Data regarding sociodemographic factors and coexisting medical conditions were collected and controlled in the multivariate logistic regression to determine the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for AD associated with the participant's birth month. RESULTS Compared with people born in May, people born in December had the highest risk of AD (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.10-1.25), followed by people born in October (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.08-1.22) and November (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06-1.20). Low income (OR 1.28), asthma (OR 1.88), allergic rhinitis (OR 1.70), psoriasis (OR 2.36), vitiligo (OR 1.99), urticaria (OR 2.14), and systemic lupus erythematosus (OR 1.91) were significant coexisting medical conditions associated with AD. CONCLUSION Being born in December, October, or November may be associated with an increased risk of AD. Future investigations are needed to evaluate the possible mechanism behind the association between birth month and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. L. Kuo
- School of Chinese Medicine; College of Chinese Medicine; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - T. L. Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology; Taipei Medical University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Health Policy Research Center; Taipei Medical University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology; School of Medicine; College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - C. C. Liao
- School of Chinese Medicine; College of Chinese Medicine; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology; Taipei Medical University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Health Policy Research Center; Taipei Medical University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology; School of Medicine; College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - C. C. Yeh
- Department of Surgery; China Medical University Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Surgery; University of Illinois; Chicago IL USA
| | - C. L. Chou
- Department of Dermatology; Shuang Ho Hospital; Taipei Medical University; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - W. R. Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology; School of Medicine; College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology; Shuang Ho Hospital; Taipei Medical University; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - J. G. Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine; College of Chinese Medicine; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration; Asia University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - C. C. Shih
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate; I-Shou University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for the Clinical Drug Discovery of Botanical Herbs; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
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Karkare KS, Ade PAR, Ahmed Z, Alexander KD, Amiri M, Barkats D, Benton SJ, Bischoff CA, Bock JJ, Boenish H, Bowens-Rubin R, Buder I, Bullock E, Buza V, Connors J, Filippini JP, Fliescher ST, Grayson JA, Halpern M, Harrison SA, Hilton GC, Hristov VV, Hui H, Irwin KD, Kang JH, Karpel E, Kefeli S, Kernasovskiy SA, Kovac JM, Kuo CL, Leitch EM, Lueker M, Megerian KG, Monticue V, Namikawa T, Netterfield CB, Nguyen HT, O'Brient R, Ogburn RW, Pryke CL, Reintsema CD, Richter S, St. Germaine MT, Schwarz R, Sheehy CD, Staniszewski ZK, Steinbach B, Teply GP, Thompson KL, Tolan JE, Tucker C, Turner AD, Vieregg AG, Wandui A, Weber A, Willmert J, Wong CL, Wu WLK, Yoon KW. Optical characterization of the BICEP3 CMB polarimeter at the South Pole. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1117/12.2231747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Karkare
- Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. for Astrophysics (United States)
| | | | | | | | - M. Amiri
- The Univ. of British Columbia (Canada)
| | - D. Barkats
- Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. for Astrophysics (United States)
| | | | - C. A. Bischoff
- Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. for Astrophysics (United States)
| | - J. J. Bock
- California Institute of Technology (United States)
| | - H. Boenish
- Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. for Astrophysics (United States)
| | | | - I. Buder
- Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. for Astrophysics (United States)
| | | | - V. Buza
- Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. for Astrophysics (United States)
| | - J. Connors
- Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. for Astrophysics (United States)
| | | | | | | | | | - S. A. Harrison
- Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. for Astrophysics (United States)
| | - G. C. Hilton
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (United States)
| | | | - H. Hui
- California Institute of Technology (United States)
| | | | | | | | - S. Kefeli
- California Institute of Technology (United States)
| | | | - J. M. Kovac
- Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. for Astrophysics (United States)
| | | | | | - M. Lueker
- California Institute of Technology (United States)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - C. D. Reintsema
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (United States)
| | - S. Richter
- Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. for Astrophysics (United States)
| | | | - R. Schwarz
- Univ. of Minnesota, Twin Cities (United States)
| | | | | | - B. Steinbach
- California Institute of Technology (United States)
| | - G. P. Teply
- California Institute of Technology (United States)
| | | | | | | | | | - A. G. Vieregg
- Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. for Astrophysics (United States)
| | | | - A. Weber
- Jet Propulsion Lab. (United States)
| | | | - C. L. Wong
- Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. for Astrophysics (United States)
| | - W. L. K. Wu
- Univ. of California, Berkeley (United States)
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Ade PAR, Ahmed Z, Aikin RW, Alexander KD, Barkats D, Benton SJ, Bischoff CA, Bock JJ, Bowens-Rubin R, Brevik JA, Buder I, Bullock E, Buza V, Connors J, Crill BP, Duband L, Dvorkin C, Filippini JP, Fliescher S, Grayson J, Halpern M, Harrison S, Hilton GC, Hui H, Irwin KD, Karkare KS, Karpel E, Kaufman JP, Keating BG, Kefeli S, Kernasovskiy SA, Kovac JM, Kuo CL, Leitch EM, Lueker M, Megerian KG, Netterfield CB, Nguyen HT, O'Brient R, Ogburn RW, Orlando A, Pryke C, Richter S, Schwarz R, Sheehy CD, Staniszewski ZK, Steinbach B, Sudiwala RV, Teply GP, Thompson KL, Tolan JE, Tucker C, Turner AD, Vieregg AG, Weber AC, Wiebe DV, Willmert J, Wong CL, Wu WLK, Yoon KW. Improved Constraints on Cosmology and Foregrounds from BICEP2 and Keck Array Cosmic Microwave Background Data with Inclusion of 95 GHz Band. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:031302. [PMID: 26849583 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.031302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present results from an analysis of all data taken by the BICEP2 and Keck Array cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiments up to and including the 2014 observing season. This includes the first Keck Array observations at 95 GHz. The maps reach a depth of 50 nK deg in Stokes Q and U in the 150 GHz band and 127 nK deg in the 95 GHz band. We take auto- and cross-spectra between these maps and publicly available maps from WMAP and Planck at frequencies from 23 to 353 GHz. An excess over lensed ΛCDM is detected at modest significance in the 95×150 BB spectrum, and is consistent with the dust contribution expected from our previous work. No significant evidence for synchrotron emission is found in spectra such as 23×95, or for correlation between the dust and synchrotron sky patterns in spectra such as 23×353. We take the likelihood of all the spectra for a multicomponent model including lensed ΛCDM, dust, synchrotron, and a possible contribution from inflationary gravitational waves (as parametrized by the tensor-to-scalar ratio r) using priors on the frequency spectral behaviors of dust and synchrotron emission from previous analyses of WMAP and Planck data in other regions of the sky. This analysis yields an upper limit r_{0.05}<0.09 at 95% confidence, which is robust to variations explored in analysis and priors. Combining these B-mode results with the (more model-dependent) constraints from Planck analysis of CMB temperature plus baryon acoustic oscillations and other data yields a combined limit r_{0.05}<0.07 at 95% confidence. These are the strongest constraints to date on inflationary gravitational waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A R Ade
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Z Ahmed
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R W Aikin
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K D Alexander
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Barkats
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - S J Benton
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - C A Bischoff
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J J Bock
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - R Bowens-Rubin
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J A Brevik
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - I Buder
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - E Bullock
- Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Buza
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J Connors
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - B P Crill
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - L Duband
- Service des Basses Températures, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - C Dvorkin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J P Filippini
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - S Fliescher
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Grayson
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Halpern
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - S Harrison
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - G C Hilton
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - H Hui
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K D Irwin
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - K S Karkare
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - E Karpel
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J P Kaufman
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - B G Keating
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - S Kefeli
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S A Kernasovskiy
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J M Kovac
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - C L Kuo
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M Leitch
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Lueker
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K G Megerian
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - C B Netterfield
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - H T Nguyen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - R O'Brient
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - R W Ogburn
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Orlando
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - C Pryke
- Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - S Richter
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - R Schwarz
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C D Sheehy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Z K Staniszewski
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - B Steinbach
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R V Sudiwala
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - G P Teply
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - K L Thompson
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J E Tolan
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - C Tucker
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - A D Turner
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - A G Vieregg
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A C Weber
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - D V Wiebe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J Willmert
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C L Wong
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - W L K Wu
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - K W Yoon
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Ade PAR, Ahmed Z, Aikin RW, Alexander KD, Barkats D, Benton SJ, Bischoff CA, Bock JJ, Brevik JA, Buder I, Bullock E, Buza V, Connors J, Crill BP, Dowell CD, Dvorkin C, Duband L, Filippini JP, Fliescher S, Golwala SR, Halpern M, Harrison S, Hasselfield M, Hildebrandt SR, Hilton GC, Hristov VV, Hui H, Irwin KD, Karkare KS, Kaufman JP, Keating BG, Kefeli S, Kernasovskiy SA, Kovac JM, Kuo CL, Leitch EM, Lueker M, Mason P, Megerian KG, Netterfield CB, Nguyen HT, O’Brient R, Ogburn IV RW, Orlando A, Pryke C, Reintsema CD, Richter S, Schwarz R, Sheehy CD, Staniszewski ZK, Sudiwala RV, Teply GP, Thompson KL, Tolan JE, Turner AD, Vieregg AG, Weber AC, Willmert J, Wong CL, Yoon KW. BICEP2/KECK ARRAY V: MEASUREMENTS OFB-MODE POLARIZATION AT DEGREE ANGULAR SCALES AND 150 GHz BY THE KECK ARRAY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/811/2/126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ade PAR, Aghanim N, Ahmed Z, Aikin RW, Alexander KD, Arnaud M, Aumont J, Baccigalupi C, Banday AJ, Barkats D, Barreiro RB, Bartlett JG, Bartolo N, Battaner E, Benabed K, Benoît A, Benoit-Lévy A, Benton SJ, Bernard JP, Bersanelli M, Bielewicz P, Bischoff CA, Bock JJ, Bonaldi A, Bonavera L, Bond JR, Borrill J, Bouchet FR, Boulanger F, Brevik JA, Bucher M, Buder I, Bullock E, Burigana C, Butler RC, Buza V, Calabrese E, Cardoso JF, Catalano A, Challinor A, Chary RR, Chiang HC, Christensen PR, Colombo LPL, Combet C, Connors J, Couchot F, Coulais A, Crill BP, Curto A, Cuttaia F, Danese L, Davies RD, Davis RJ, de Bernardis P, de Rosa A, de Zotti G, Delabrouille J, Delouis JM, Désert FX, Dickinson C, Diego JM, Dole H, Donzelli S, Doré O, Douspis M, Dowell CD, Duband L, Ducout A, Dunkley J, Dupac X, Dvorkin C, Efstathiou G, Elsner F, Enßlin TA, Eriksen HK, Falgarone E, Filippini JP, Finelli F, Fliescher S, Forni O, Frailis M, Fraisse AA, Franceschi E, Frejsel A, Galeotta S, Galli S, Ganga K, Ghosh T, Giard M, Gjerløw E, Golwala SR, González-Nuevo J, Górski KM, Gratton S, Gregorio A, Gruppuso A, Gudmundsson JE, Halpern M, Hansen FK, Hanson D, Harrison DL, Hasselfield M, Helou G, Henrot-Versillé S, Herranz D, Hildebrandt SR, Hilton GC, Hivon E, Hobson M, Holmes WA, Hovest W, Hristov VV, Huffenberger KM, Hui H, Hurier G, Irwin KD, Jaffe AH, Jaffe TR, Jewell J, Jones WC, Juvela M, Karakci A, Karkare KS, Kaufman JP, Keating BG, Kefeli S, Keihänen E, Kernasovskiy SA, Keskitalo R, Kisner TS, Kneissl R, Knoche J, Knox L, Kovac JM, Krachmalnicoff N, Kunz M, Kuo CL, Kurki-Suonio H, Lagache G, Lähteenmäki A, Lamarre JM, Lasenby A, Lattanzi M, Lawrence CR, Leitch EM, Leonardi R, Levrier F, Lewis A, Liguori M, Lilje PB, Linden-Vørnle M, López-Caniego M, Lubin PM, Lueker M, Macías-Pérez JF, Maffei B, Maino D, Mandolesi N, Mangilli A, Maris M, Martin PG, Martínez-González E, Masi S, Mason P, Matarrese S, Megerian KG, Meinhold PR, Melchiorri A, Mendes L, Mennella A, Migliaccio M, Mitra S, Miville-Deschênes MA, Moneti A, Montier L, Morgante G, Mortlock D, Moss A, Munshi D, Murphy JA, Naselsky P, Nati F, Natoli P, Netterfield CB, Nguyen HT, Nørgaard-Nielsen HU, Noviello F, Novikov D, Novikov I, O'Brient R, Ogburn RW, Orlando A, Pagano L, Pajot F, Paladini R, Paoletti D, Partridge B, Pasian F, Patanchon G, Pearson TJ, Perdereau O, Perotto L, Pettorino V, Piacentini F, Piat M, Pietrobon D, Plaszczynski S, Pointecouteau E, Polenta G, Ponthieu N, Pratt GW, Prunet S, Pryke C, Puget JL, Rachen JP, Reach WT, Rebolo R, Reinecke M, Remazeilles M, Renault C, Renzi A, Richter S, Ristorcelli I, Rocha G, Rossetti M, Roudier G, Rowan-Robinson M, Rubiño-Martín JA, Rusholme B, Sandri M, Santos D, Savelainen M, Savini G, Schwarz R, Scott D, Seiffert MD, Sheehy CD, Spencer LD, Staniszewski ZK, Stolyarov V, Sudiwala R, Sunyaev R, Sutton D, Suur-Uski AS, Sygnet JF, Tauber JA, Teply GP, Terenzi L, Thompson KL, Toffolatti L, Tolan JE, Tomasi M, Tristram M, Tucci M, Turner AD, Valenziano L, Valiviita J, Van Tent B, Vibert L, Vielva P, Vieregg AG, Villa F, Wade LA, Wandelt BD, Watson R, Weber AC, Wehus IK, White M, White SDM, Willmert J, Wong CL, Yoon KW, Yvon D, Zacchei A, Zonca A. Joint analysis of BICEP2/keck array and Planck Data. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:101301. [PMID: 25815919 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of a joint analysis of data from BICEP2/Keck Array and Planck. BICEP2 and Keck Array have observed the same approximately 400 deg^{2} patch of sky centered on RA 0 h, Dec. -57.5°. The combined maps reach a depth of 57 nK deg in Stokes Q and U in a band centered at 150 GHz. Planck has observed the full sky in polarization at seven frequencies from 30 to 353 GHz, but much less deeply in any given region (1.2 μK deg in Q and U at 143 GHz). We detect 150×353 cross-correlation in B modes at high significance. We fit the single- and cross-frequency power spectra at frequencies ≥150 GHz to a lensed-ΛCDM model that includes dust and a possible contribution from inflationary gravitational waves (as parametrized by the tensor-to-scalar ratio r), using a prior on the frequency spectral behavior of polarized dust emission from previous Planck analysis of other regions of the sky. We find strong evidence for dust and no statistically significant evidence for tensor modes. We probe various model variations and extensions, including adding a synchrotron component in combination with lower frequency data, and find that these make little difference to the r constraint. Finally, we present an alternative analysis which is similar to a map-based cleaning of the dust contribution, and show that this gives similar constraints. The final result is expressed as a likelihood curve for r, and yields an upper limit r_{0.05}<0.12 at 95% confidence. Marginalizing over dust and r, lensing B modes are detected at 7.0σ significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A R Ade
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - N Aghanim
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, France
| | - Z Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R W Aikin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - K D Alexander
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M Arnaud
- Laboratoire AIM, IRFU/Service d'Astrophysique-CEA/DSM-CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment 709, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J Aumont
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, France
| | - C Baccigalupi
- SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - A J Banday
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
- CNRS, IRAP, 9 Avenue colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - D Barkats
- Joint ALMA Observatory, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile
| | - R B Barreiro
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avenida de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain
| | - J G Bartlett
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - N Bartolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - E Battaner
- University of Granada, Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Facultad de Ciencias, Granada, Spain
- University of Granada, Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, Granada, Spain
| | - K Benabed
- Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, France
- UPMC Université de Paris 06, UMR7095, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - A Benoît
- Institut Néel, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, 25 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - A Benoit-Lévy
- Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, France
- UPMC Université de Paris 06, UMR7095, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - S J Benton
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - J-P Bernard
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
- CNRS, IRAP, 9 Avenue colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - M Bersanelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, Milano, Italy
- INAF/IASF Milano, Via E. Bassini 15, Milano, Italy
| | - P Bielewicz
- SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
- CNRS, IRAP, 9 Avenue colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - C A Bischoff
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J J Bock
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - A Bonaldi
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Bonavera
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avenida de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain
| | - J R Bond
- CITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada
| | - J Borrill
- Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - F R Bouchet
- Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université-UPMC, UMR7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - F Boulanger
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, France
| | - J A Brevik
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - M Bucher
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - I Buder
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - E Bullock
- Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C Burigana
- INAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - R C Butler
- INAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Buza
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - E Calabrese
- Sub-Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - J-F Cardoso
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
- Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, France
- Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information, CNRS (UMR 5141) and Télécom ParisTech, 46 rue Barrault F-75634 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A Catalano
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53, rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
- LERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, France
| | - A Challinor
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
- Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
- Centre for Theoretical Cosmology, DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - R-R Chary
- Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H C Chiang
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Astrophysics & Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - P R Christensen
- Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Discovery Center, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L P L Colombo
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letter, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - C Combet
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53, rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - J Connors
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - F Couchot
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - A Coulais
- LERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, France
| | - B P Crill
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - A Curto
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avenida de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain
- Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - F Cuttaia
- INAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Danese
- SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - R D Davies
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R J Davis
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - P de Bernardis
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, Italy
| | - A de Rosa
- INAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
| | - G de Zotti
- SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, Padova, Italy
| | - J Delabrouille
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - J-M Delouis
- Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, France
- UPMC Université de Paris 06, UMR7095, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - F-X Désert
- IPAG: Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C Dickinson
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J M Diego
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avenida de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain
| | - H Dole
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 103, bd Saint-Michel, 75005, Paris, France
| | - S Donzelli
- INAF/IASF Milano, Via E. Bassini 15, Milano, Italy
| | - O Doré
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - M Douspis
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, France
| | - C D Dowell
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - L Duband
- Service des Basses Températures, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - A Ducout
- Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, France
- Imperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J Dunkley
- Sub-Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - X Dupac
- European Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Dvorkin
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - G Efstathiou
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
| | - F Elsner
- Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, France
- UPMC Université de Paris 06, UMR7095, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - T A Enßlin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
| | - H K Eriksen
- Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Falgarone
- LERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, France
| | - J P Filippini
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - F Finelli
- INAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Fliescher
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - O Forni
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
- CNRS, IRAP, 9 Avenue colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - M Frailis
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy
| | - A A Fraisse
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - E Franceschi
- INAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Frejsel
- Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Galeotta
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy
| | - S Galli
- Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - K Ganga
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - T Ghosh
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, France
| | - M Giard
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
- CNRS, IRAP, 9 Avenue colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - E Gjerløw
- Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - S R Golwala
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - J González-Nuevo
- SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avenida de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain
| | - K M Górski
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - S Gratton
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
- Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
| | - A Gregorio
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via Alfonso Valerio 2, Trieste, Italy
- INFN/National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Via Valerio 2, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Gruppuso
- INAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
| | - J E Gudmundsson
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - M Halpern
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - F K Hansen
- Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - D Hanson
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
- CITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada
- McGill Physics, Ernest Rutherford Physics Building, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, Quebec, H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - D L Harrison
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
- Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
| | - M Hasselfield
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G Helou
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | | | - D Herranz
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avenida de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain
| | - S R Hildebrandt
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - G C Hilton
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - E Hivon
- Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, France
- UPMC Université de Paris 06, UMR7095, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - M Hobson
- Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - W A Holmes
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - W Hovest
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
| | - V V Hristov
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - K M Huffenberger
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Keen Physics Building, 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - H Hui
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - G Hurier
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, France
| | - K D Irwin
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A H Jaffe
- Imperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - T R Jaffe
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
- CNRS, IRAP, 9 Avenue colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - J Jewell
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - W C Jones
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - M Juvela
- Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Karakci
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - K S Karkare
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J P Kaufman
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - B G Keating
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - S Kefeli
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - E Keihänen
- Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S A Kernasovskiy
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Keskitalo
- Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - T S Kisner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - R Kneissl
- European Southern Observatory, ESO Vitacura, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile
- Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, ALMA Santiago Central Offices, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 763 0355, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Knoche
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
| | - L Knox
- Department of Physics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA
| | - J M Kovac
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - N Krachmalnicoff
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, Milano, Italy
| | - M Kunz
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, France
- Département de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève, 24, Quai E. Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
- African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 6-8 Melrose Road, Muizenberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C L Kuo
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H Kurki-Suonio
- Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Lagache
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, France
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388, Marseille, France
| | - A Lähteenmäki
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory and Department of Radio Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 13000, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - J-M Lamarre
- LERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, France
| | - A Lasenby
- Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
- Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - M Lattanzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C R Lawrence
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - E M Leitch
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - R Leonardi
- European Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Levrier
- LERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, France
| | - A Lewis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - M Liguori
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P B Lilje
- Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Linden-Vørnle
- DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M López-Caniego
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avenida de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain
- European Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - P M Lubin
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - M Lueker
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - J F Macías-Pérez
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53, rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - B Maffei
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - D Maino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, Milano, Italy
- INAF/IASF Milano, Via E. Bassini 15, Milano, Italy
| | - N Mandolesi
- INAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Mangilli
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, France
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - M Maris
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy
| | - P G Martin
- CITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada
| | - E Martínez-González
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avenida de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain
| | - S Masi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, Italy
| | - P Mason
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - S Matarrese
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, viale F. Crispi 7, 67100L'Aquila, Italy
| | - K G Megerian
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - P R Meinhold
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - A Melchiorri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, Università di Roma Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - L Mendes
- European Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Mennella
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, Milano, Italy
- INAF/IASF Milano, Via E. Bassini 15, Milano, Italy
| | - M Migliaccio
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
- Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
| | - S Mitra
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
- IUCAA, Post Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune University Campus, Pune 411 007, India
| | - M-A Miville-Deschênes
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, France
- CITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada
| | - A Moneti
- Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - L Montier
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
- CNRS, IRAP, 9 Avenue colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - G Morgante
- INAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Mortlock
- Imperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Moss
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - D Munshi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - J A Murphy
- National University of Ireland, Department of Experimental Physics, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - P Naselsky
- Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Discovery Center, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Nati
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - P Natoli
- INAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - C B Netterfield
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H T Nguyen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - H U Nørgaard-Nielsen
- DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - F Noviello
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - D Novikov
- Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Astro Space Centre, 84/32 Profsoyuznaya st., Moscow, GSP-7, 117997, Russia
| | - I Novikov
- Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Astro Space Centre, 84/32 Profsoyuznaya st., Moscow, GSP-7, 117997, Russia
| | - R O'Brient
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - R W Ogburn
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Orlando
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - L Pagano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, Università di Roma Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - F Pajot
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, France
| | - R Paladini
- Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Paoletti
- INAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - B Partridge
- Haverford College Astronomy Department, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - F Pasian
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Patanchon
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - T J Pearson
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
- Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - O Perdereau
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - L Perotto
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53, rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - V Pettorino
- HGSFP and University of Heidelberg, Theoretical Physics Department, Philosophenweg 16, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Piacentini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, Italy
| | - M Piat
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - D Pietrobon
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
| | | | - E Pointecouteau
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
- CNRS, IRAP, 9 Avenue colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - G Polenta
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133, Roma, Italy
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via di Frascati 33, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - N Ponthieu
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, France
- IPAG: Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - G W Pratt
- Laboratoire AIM, IRFU/Service d'Astrophysique-CEA/DSM-CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment 709, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S Prunet
- Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, France
- UPMC Université de Paris 06, UMR7095, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - C Pryke
- Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J-L Puget
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, France
| | - J P Rachen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - W T Reach
- Universities Space Research Association, Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, MS 232-11, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA
| | - R Rebolo
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Reinecke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
| | - M Remazeilles
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, France
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - C Renault
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53, rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - A Renzi
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma 2, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, Roma, Italy
| | - S Richter
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - I Ristorcelli
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
- CNRS, IRAP, 9 Avenue colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - G Rocha
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - M Rossetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, Milano, Italy
- INAF/IASF Milano, Via E. Bassini 15, Milano, Italy
| | - G Roudier
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
- LERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, France
| | - M Rowan-Robinson
- Imperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J A Rubiño-Martín
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - B Rusholme
- Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Sandri
- INAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Santos
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53, rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - M Savelainen
- Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Savini
- Optical Science Laboratory, University College London, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Schwarz
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - D Scott
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M D Seiffert
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - C D Sheehy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - L D Spencer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Z K Staniszewski
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - V Stolyarov
- Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
- Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnij Arkhyz, Zelenchukskiy region, Karachai-Cherkessian Republic, 369167, Russia
| | - R Sudiwala
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - R Sunyaev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
- Space Research Institute (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Street, 84/32, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - D Sutton
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
- Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
| | - A-S Suur-Uski
- Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J-F Sygnet
- Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - J A Tauber
- European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - G P Teply
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - L Terenzi
- INAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
- Facoltà di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi e-Campus, Via Isimbardi 10, Novedrate (CO), 22060, Italy
| | - K L Thompson
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - L Toffolatti
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avenida de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain
- INAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Avda. Calvo Sotelo s/n, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J E Tolan
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Tomasi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, Milano, Italy
- INAF/IASF Milano, Via E. Bassini 15, Milano, Italy
| | - M Tristram
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - M Tucci
- Département de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève, 24, Quai E. Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A D Turner
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - L Valenziano
- INAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
| | - J Valiviita
- Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - B Van Tent
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Sud 11 & CNRS, Bâtiment 210, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - L Vibert
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, France
| | - P Vielva
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avenida de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain
| | - A G Vieregg
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - F Villa
- INAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
| | - L A Wade
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - B D Wandelt
- Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, France
- UPMC Université de Paris 06, UMR7095, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, France
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - R Watson
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A C Weber
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - I K Wehus
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - M White
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - S D M White
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
| | - J Willmert
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C L Wong
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - K W Yoon
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D Yvon
- DSM/Irfu/SPP, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A Zacchei
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Zonca
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
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Ade PAR, Aikin RW, Amiri M, Barkats D, Benton SJ, Bischoff CA, Bock JJ, Brevik JA, Buder I, Bullock E, Davis G, Day PK, Dowell CD, Duband L, Filippini JP, Fliescher S, Golwala SR, Halpern M, Hasselfield M, Hildebrandt SR, Hilton GC, Irwin KD, Karkare KS, Kaufman JP, Keating BG, Kernasovskiy SA, Kovac JM, Kuo CL, Leitch EM, Llombart N, Lueker M, Netterfield CB, Nguyen HT, O'Brient R, Ogburn RW, Orlando A, Pryke C, Reintsema CD, Richter S, Schwarz R, Sheehy CD, Staniszewski ZK, Story KT, Sudiwala RV, Teply GP, Tolan JE, Turner AD, Vieregg AG, Wilson P, Wong CL, Yoon KW. BICEP2. II. EXPERIMENT AND THREE-YEAR DATA SET. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/792/1/62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ade PAR, Aikin RW, Barkats D, Benton SJ, Bischoff CA, Bock JJ, Brevik JA, Buder I, Bullock E, Dowell CD, Duband L, Filippini JP, Fliescher S, Golwala SR, Halpern M, Hasselfield M, Hildebrandt SR, Hilton GC, Hristov VV, Irwin KD, Karkare KS, Kaufman JP, Keating BG, Kernasovskiy SA, Kovac JM, Kuo CL, Leitch EM, Lueker M, Mason P, Netterfield CB, Nguyen HT, O'Brient R, Ogburn RW, Orlando A, Pryke C, Reintsema CD, Richter S, Schwarz R, Sheehy CD, Staniszewski ZK, Sudiwala RV, Teply GP, Tolan JE, Turner AD, Vieregg AG, Wong CL, Yoon KW. Detection of B-mode polarization at degree angular scales by BICEP2. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:241101. [PMID: 24996078 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.241101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report results from the BICEP2 experiment, a cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarimeter specifically designed to search for the signal of inflationary gravitational waves in the B-mode power spectrum around ℓ∼80. The telescope comprised a 26 cm aperture all-cold refracting optical system equipped with a focal plane of 512 antenna coupled transition edge sensor 150 GHz bolometers each with temperature sensitivity of ≈300 μK(CMB)√s. BICEP2 observed from the South Pole for three seasons from 2010 to 2012. A low-foreground region of sky with an effective area of 380 square deg was observed to a depth of 87 nK deg in Stokes Q and U. In this paper we describe the observations, data reduction, maps, simulations, and results. We find an excess of B-mode power over the base lensed-ΛCDM expectation in the range 30 < ℓ < 150, inconsistent with the null hypothesis at a significance of >5σ. Through jackknife tests and simulations based on detailed calibration measurements we show that systematic contamination is much smaller than the observed excess. Cross correlating against WMAP 23 GHz maps we find that Galactic synchrotron makes a negligible contribution to the observed signal. We also examine a number of available models of polarized dust emission and find that at their default parameter values they predict power ∼(5-10)× smaller than the observed excess signal (with no significant cross-correlation with our maps). However, these models are not sufficiently constrained by external public data to exclude the possibility of dust emission bright enough to explain the entire excess signal. Cross correlating BICEP2 against 100 GHz maps from the BICEP1 experiment, the excess signal is confirmed with 3σ significance and its spectral index is found to be consistent with that of the CMB, disfavoring dust at 1.7σ. The observed B-mode power spectrum is well fit by a lensed-ΛCDM+tensor theoretical model with tensor-to-scalar ratio r = 0.20_(-0.05)(+0.07), with r = 0 disfavored at 7.0σ. Accounting for the contribution of foreground, dust will shift this value downward by an amount which will be better constrained with upcoming data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A R Ade
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - R W Aikin
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Barkats
- Joint ALMA Observatory, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile
| | - S J Benton
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - C A Bischoff
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J J Bock
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - J A Brevik
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - I Buder
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - E Bullock
- Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C D Dowell
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - L Duband
- Service des Basses Températures, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - J P Filippini
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Fliescher
- Department of Physics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - S R Golwala
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Halpern
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - M Hasselfield
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - S R Hildebrandt
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - G C Hilton
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - V V Hristov
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K D Irwin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA and Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - K S Karkare
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J P Kaufman
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - B G Keating
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - S A Kernasovskiy
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J M Kovac
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - C L Kuo
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E M Leitch
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Lueker
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Mason
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C B Netterfield
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - H T Nguyen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - R O'Brient
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - R W Ogburn
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Orlando
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - C Pryke
- Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA and Department of Physics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C D Reintsema
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - S Richter
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - R Schwarz
- Department of Physics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C D Sheehy
- Department of Physics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA and University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Z K Staniszewski
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - R V Sudiwala
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - G P Teply
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J E Tolan
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A D Turner
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - A G Vieregg
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - C L Wong
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - K W Yoon
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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Kuo CL, Tsai TL, Chiang AC, Chang-Liao KS, Chao JH. Determination of 129I in cement-solidified radwastes using neutron activation. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kuo CL, Huba JD, Joyce G, Lee LC. Ionosphere plasma bubbles and density variations induced by pre-earthquake rock currents and associated surface charges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011ja016628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. L. Kuo
- Institute of Space Science; National Central University; Jhongli Taiwan
- Department of Physics; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - J. D. Huba
- Plasma Physics Division; Naval Research Laboratory; Washington D. C. USA
| | - G. Joyce
- Icarus Research, Inc.; Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - L. C. Lee
- Institute of Space Science; National Central University; Jhongli Taiwan
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Hsu SC, Liu SC, Tsai F, Engling G, Lin II, Chou CKC, Kao SJ, Lung SCC, Chan CY, Lin SC, Huang JC, Chi KH, Chen WN, Lin FJ, Huang CH, Kuo CL, Wu TC, Huang YT. High wintertime particulate matter pollution over an offshore island (Kinmen) off southeastern China: An overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Runyan MC, Ade PAR, Amiri M, Benton S, Bihary R, Bock JJ, Bond JR, Bonetti JA, Bryan SA, Chiang HC, Contaldi CR, Crill BP, Dore O, O'Dea D, Farhang M, Filippini JP, Fissel L, Gandilo N, Golwala SR, Gudmundsson JE, Hasselfield M, Halpern M, Hilton G, Holmes W, Hristov VV, Irwin KD, Jones WC, Kuo CL, MacTavish CJ, Mason PV, Morford TA, Montroy TE, Netterfield CB, Rahlin AS, Reintsema CD, Ruhl JE, Schenker MA, Shariff J, Soler JD, Trangsrud A, Tucker RS, Tucker CE, Turner A. Design and performance of the SPIDER instrument. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1117/12.857715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Liu CS, Chen CH, Chiang HC, Kuo CL, Huang CS, Cheng WL, Wei YH, Chen HW. B-group vitamins, MTHFR C677T polymorphism and carotid intima-media thickness in clinically healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007; 61:996-1003. [PMID: 17228344 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasma B-group vitamins and age may affect the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in subjects with different 677TT genotype of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. DESIGN A hospital-based cross-study. SETTING Genomic and Vascular Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan. SUBJECTS Five hundred and forty-one clinically healthy subjects. INTERVENTION Fasting plasma, homocysteine (Hcy), vitamin B(6), vitamin B(12), folate and B-mode carotid ultrasound. RESULTS MTHFR genotype, plasma concentrations of folate, vitamin B(6) and vitamin B(12) and age were significantly correlated to the plasma Hcy concentration. MTHFR 677TT carriers had higher concentrations of Hcy than did subjects with the CC and CT genotypes. Age, sex, body mass index and plasma Hcy were independent contributors to increase carotid IMT. However, with stratification by mean value of age and B-group vitamins concentrations, we found that at advanced age, lower plasma folate and vitamin B(12) were three risk factors involved in the enhancing effect of the MTHFR 677TT genotype on the increase of plasma Hcy and carotid IMT. CONCLUSION MTHFR 677TT-related carotid atherosclerosis was only identified in healthy elderly subjects with lower level of plasma folate and vitamin B(12). SPONSORSHIP Changhua Christian Hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Liu
- Department of Neurology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND From the deductive point of view, neurotransmitter receptors can be divided into categories such as cholinergic (muscarinic, nicotinic), adrenergic (alpha- and beta-), dopaminergic, serotoninergic (5-HT1 approximately 5-HT5), and histaminergic (H1 and H2). Selective agonists and antagonists of each receptor subtype can have specific useful therapeutic applications. For understanding the molecular mechanisms of action, an inductive method of analysis is useful. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study is to examine the structure-activity relationships of agents acting on G-protein coupled receptors. METHOD Representative sets of G-PCR agonists and antagonists were identified from the literature and Medline [P.M. Walsh (2003) Physicians' Desk Reference; M.J. O'Neil (2001) The Merck Index]. The molecular weight (MW), calculated logarithm of octanol/water partition coefficient (C log P) and molar refraction (CMR), dipole moment (DM), E(lumo) (the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, a measure of the electron affinity of a molecule and its reactivity as an electrophile), E(homo) (the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital, related to the ionization potential of a molecule, and its reactivity as a nucleophile), and the total number of hydrogen bonds (H(b)) (donors and receptors), were chosen as molecular descriptors for SAR analyses. RESULTS The data suggest that not only do neurotransmitters share common structural features but their receptors belong to the same ensemble of G-protein coupled receptor with seven to eight transmembrane domains with their resultant dipoles in an antiparallel configuration. Moreover, the analysis indicates that the receptor exists in a dynamic equilibrium between the closed state and the open state. The energy needed to open the closed state is provided by the hydrolysis of GTP. A composite 3-D parameter frame setting of all the neurotransmitter agonists and antagonists are presented using MW, Hb and mu as independent variables. CONCLUSION It appears that all neurotransmitters examined in this study operate by a similar mechanism with the G-protein coupled receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic Agonists/chemistry
- Adrenergic Agonists/classification
- Adrenergic Antagonists/chemistry
- Adrenergic Antagonists/classification
- Chemical Phenomena
- Chemistry, Physical
- Cholinergic Agonists/chemistry
- Cholinergic Agonists/classification
- Cholinergic Antagonists/chemistry
- Cholinergic Antagonists/classification
- Dopamine Agonists/chemistry
- Dopamine Agonists/classification
- Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Dopamine Antagonists/chemistry
- Dopamine Antagonists/classification
- Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Histamine Agonists/chemistry
- Histamine Agonists/classification
- Histamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Histamine Antagonists/chemistry
- Histamine Antagonists/classification
- Histamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Structure
- Neurotransmitter Agents/agonists
- Neurotransmitter Agents/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neurotransmitter Agents/chemistry
- Receptors, Adrenergic/classification
- Receptors, Adrenergic/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic/physiology
- Receptors, Cholinergic/classification
- Receptors, Cholinergic/drug effects
- Receptors, Cholinergic/physiology
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/drug effects
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/physiology
- Receptors, Histamine/classification
- Receptors, Histamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine/physiology
- Serotonin Antagonists/chemistry
- Serotonin Antagonists/classification
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/chemistry
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/classification
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA
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Hysert PE, Mirand AL, Giovino GA, Cummings KM, Kuo CL. "At Face Value": age progression software provides personalised demonstration of the effects of smoking on appearance. Tob Control 2003; 12:238. [PMID: 12773741 PMCID: PMC1747721 DOI: 10.1136/tc.12.2.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE A large number of structurally and functionally diverse compounds act as substrates or modulators of p-glycoprotein (p-gp). Some of them possess multiple drug resistance (MDR)-reversing activity, but only a small number of them have entered clinical study. In order to uncover the factors which exert a significant impact on the interaction between substrates/modulators and p-gp, we have performed structure-activity relationship (SAR) analyses, including molecular modelling, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) parameter-frame-setting analysis, quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analysis among substrates/modulators, as well as clinically promising MDR-reversing agents. METHODS The physicochemical parameters C log P, CMR and all regression equations were derived by using C log P version 4.0 and the latest CQSAR software, respectively. Molecular modelling and all other parameter calculations were performed by using HyperChem version 5.0 program, after geometry optimization and energy minimization using the AM1 semiempirical method. RESULTS SAR analyses indicate that MDR reversal activity is correlated with the lipophilicity (C log P), molecular weight (log Mw), longest chain (Nlc) of the molecule and the energy of the highest occupied orbital (Ehomo). In addition, the presence of a basic tertiary nitrogen atom in the structure is also an important contributor to p-gp inhibitory activity. Some separation in space is achieved for different subsets of p-gp substrates and inhibitors using Nlc, C log P and Ehomo as three independent parameters in the 3D-parameter-frame setting. CONCLUSION A highly effective p-gp modulator candidate should possess a log P value of 2.92 or higher, 18-atom-long or longer molecular axis, and a high Ehomo value, as well as at least one tertiary basic nitrogen atom. The results obtained may be useful in explaining drug-p-gp interactions for different compounds, including drug interactions and the development of new MDR chemosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Chang CC, Manousakas I, Pu YR, Liang SM, Chen CH, Chen TS, Yu FM, Yang WH, Tong YC, Kuo CL. In vitro study of ultrasound based real-time tracking for renal stones in shock wave lithotripsy: Part II--a simulated animal experiment. J Urol 2002; 167:2594-7. [PMID: 11992093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have previously developed and reported an ultrasound based real-time tracking system for renal stones. In the current study we continued to verify the reliability of this tracking system by a simulated animal test. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used 13 prerecorded ultrasound stone trajectories to test the system. The real-time tracking system was implemented on the Litemed 9200 electrohydraulic lithotriptor (LiteMed Co., Taipei, Taiwan). An artificial stone and tap water were sealed in a balloon. The balloon was inserted into the pelvis of a pig kidney. While the kidney was affixed to and moved by a simulator, it was immersed in a specifically designed simulated animal model tank containing tap water. The stone was localized by ultrasound. The kidney was moved by the simulator according to a prerecorded stone trajectory. A total of 3,000 shock waves were delivered to the stone. For each recorded stone trajectory experiments were done under nontracking and tracking conditions. We performed tests of the fragment-to-weight ratio, which denotes the performance of a shock wave lithotriptor when fragmenting a stone. RESULTS The mean fragment-to-weight ratio was 55.3% +/- 25.9% in the nontracking and 100% +/- 0% in the tracking group. The difference in these 2 groups was statistically significant (paired t test p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS The ultrasound based real-time tracking system proved to improve the performance of a shock wave lithotriptor significantly when fragmenting stones in a simulated animal test. We believe that the tracking system would greatly reduce the number of shocks and time needed for treating renal stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Chang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Chen
- Changhua Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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Sagare AP, Kuo CL, Chueh FS, Tsay HS. De novo regeneration of Scrophularia yoshimurae Yamazaki (Scrophulariaceae) and quantitative analysis of harpagoside, an iridoid glucoside, formed in aerial and underground parts of in vitro propagated and wild plants by HPLC. Biol Pharm Bull 2001; 24:1311-5. [PMID: 11725970 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.24.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A protocol for de novo regeneration and rapid micropropagation of Scrophularia yoshimurae (Scrophulariaceae) has been developed. Multiple shoot development was achieved by culturing the shoot-tip, leaf-base, stem-node and stem-internode explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.44 microM N6-benzyladenine (BA) and 1.07 microM alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Stem-node and shoot-tip explants showed the highest response (100%) followed by stem-internode (74.4%) and leaf-base (7.7%) explants. The shoots were multiplied by subculturing on the same medium used for shoot induction. Shoots were rooted on growth regulator-free MS basal medium and the plantlets were transplanted to soil and acclimatized in the growth chamber. The content of harpagoside, a quantitatively predominant iridoid glycoside, in different plant material was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analysis revealed that the content of harpagoside in the aerial and underground parts of S. yoshimurae was significantly higher than the marketed crude drug (underground parts of Scrophularia ningpoensis).
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Sagare
- Department of Agronomy Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung
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Chang CC, Liang SM, Pu YR, Chen CH, Manousakas I, Chen TS, Kuo CL, Yu FM, Chu ZF. In vitro study of ultrasound based real-time tracking of renal stones for shock wave lithotripsy: part 1. J Urol 2001; 166:28-32. [PMID: 11435816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We developed a real-time tracking system for renal stones that decreases the number of shock waves and treatment time of shock wave lithotripsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultrasound images were analyzed to identify the renal stones. A computer software module for ultrasound image processing was developed to monitor stone location instantaneously. Another computer software module controlled generator movement in real time for tracking the stone. We used 13 ultrasound stone trajectories recorded from patients to test the system in vitro. Two tests were established to verify tracking system reliability. One test focused on improvement in the coincidence ratio, which denotes the matching extent of the stone within the effective focal area. The other test focused on improvement in the efficiency ratio, that is a decrease in the number of shocks for stone fragmentation. For each recorded stone trajectory 2 experiments were done under tracking and nontracking conditions. RESULTS The average coincidence and efficiency ratios plus or minus standard deviation were 79.6% +/- 9.8% and 45.0% +/- 12.7% without tracking, and 97.0% +/- 3.0% and 85.5 +/- 6.8% with tracking, respectively. All tests were statistically significant (paired t test p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS An ultrasound based real-time tracking system proved to be significantly helpful for in vitro lithotripsy. It appears that the tracking system may greatly decrease the number of shocks and treatment time for renal stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Chang
- Department of Urology, ESWL Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chen ML, Kuo CL. A conserved sequence block in the murine and human T cell receptor Jalpha loci interacts with developmentally regulated nucleoprotein complexes in vitro and associates with GATA-3 and octamer-binding factors in vivo. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:1696-705. [PMID: 11385613 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200106)31:6<1696::aid-immu1696>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A highly conserved sequence block (CSB) located in the mouse and human T cell receptor (TCR) Jalpha loci is recognized by tissue-specific factors and up-regulates TCR alpha enhancer activity. In this study, the properties of CSB-interacting factors were further explored to decipher the function of this cis-acting element. Thymocytes corresponding to different developmental stages were found capable of forming differential CSB-nucleoprotein complexes. Pronounced changes in the CSB-complex-forming activity were observed during the transition from double-negative to double-positive thymocytes. Furthermore, we showed that transcription factors Oct-1, Oct-2 and GATA-3 interacted with CSB both in vitro, as evidenced by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and in vivo, as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays in mouse thymus. Importantly, we also demonstrated that GATA-3 associated in vivo with TCR alpha enhancer, the activity of which is known to be required in regulating chromatin accessibility to the V(D)J recombinase. Thus, CSB may temporally regulate local chromatin structure and help to spread TCR alpha enhancer activity over the entire 70-kb Jalpha locus by forming developmentally regulated CSB-nucleoprotein complexes and by interacting with other cis-regulatory element-nucleoprotein complexes present within the TCR alpha / delta locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Chen
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
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27
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Abstract
Aldehydes are known to inactivate cytochrome P450 in the reconstituted enzyme system containing NADPH and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase under aerobic conditions in a mechanism-based reaction involving heme adduct formation [Raner, G. M., Chiang, E. W. , Vaz, A. D. N., and Coon, M. J. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 4895-4902]. In the study presented here, artificial oxidants were used to examine the mechanism of aldehyde activation by purified P450 2B4 in the absence of the usual O(2)-reducing system, and the adducts that were formed were isolated and characterized. With hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant, 3-phenylpropionaldehyde gives an adduct with a mass corresponding to that of native heme modified by a phenylethyl group, presumably arising from the reaction of a peroxy-iron species with the aldehyde to give a peroxyhemiacetal, which upon deformylation yields the alkyl radical. NMR analysis indicated that the substitution is specifically at the gamma-meso position. In contrast, with m-chloroperbenzoic acid as the oxidant, an adduct is formed from 3-phenylpropionaldehyde with a mass that is consistent with the addition of a phenylpropionyl group, apparently arising by hydrogen abstraction from the aldehyde to give the carbonyl carbon radical. m-Chloroperbenzoic acid by itself forms a heme adduct with a mass corresponding to the addition of a chlorobenzoyloxy group apparently derived from homolytic oxygen-oxygen bond cleavage. These and other results with nonanal and 2-trans-nonenal support the concept that this versatile enzyme utilizes discrete oxidizing species in heme adduct formation from aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Kuo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0606, USA
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28
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Pang WW, Kuo CL, Huang HS, Wong E, Tang JC, Huang MH. Epidural catheter placement in the rabbit--a novel approach. Acta Anaesthesiol Sin 1999; 37:79-82. [PMID: 10410407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using a pediatric epidural set and through caudal approach, we studied a relatively non-invasive technique for epidural percutaneous cannulation in rabbit for chronic laboratory investigations. METHODS Ten rabbits weighing over 3 kg were chosen and anesthetized with intravenous pentothal. A #19 pediatric Touhy needle and 23-gauge catheter were used for cannulation. Via the caudal approach, the epidural space could be located either by a "give" or with a technique of loss of resistance. Under fluoroscopy the catheter was tested with the injection of contrast medium for the confirmation of the proper position. The catheter was then tunneled under the skin and secured. The rabbits were kept in standard care for 4 weeks and then sacrificed by intraperitoneal pentothal overdose. A pathologist blinded to the study carefully examined the whole spine by laminectomy from cervical to coccyx and the findings were recorded. RESULTS With the injection of contrast medium, the final position of the catheter was validated by fluoroscopy in all rabbits. Two rabbits sustained immediate complications from the contrast medium and/or technique, of which one died shortly after the contrast medium injection and the other had weakness of the hind legs for a week. At sacrifice, all the catheters were found in good position. Two had hematoma associated with signs of trauma. One developed subcutaneous abscess. One had stitch infection of skin. CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous cannulation of epidural catheter is possible in the rabbit. Complications could be ameliorated by prudent approach in a skillful hand. It can be a reasonable model for the study of centrally administered medicines and their neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Pang
- Department of Anesthesia, Hsin Yun Ho General Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
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29
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Jiang Y, Kuo CL, Pernecky SJ, Coon MJ, Piper WN. Cytochrome P450 2E1 mRNA in the rat prostate: detection and quantitation by competitive reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. Mol Cell Probes 1998; 12:263-71. [PMID: 9778451 DOI: 10.1006/mcpr.1998.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2E1 plays a pivotal role in the metabolic activation of a wide variety of low molecular weight environmental toxicants and procarcinogens. In the present study, expression of the P450 2E1 gene in the rat prostate gland was quantitated by competitive reverse transcription and the polymerase chain reaction. To assess accurately the induction level of P450 2E1 mRNA in the prostate after pyridine treatment of rats, a recombinant standard RNA was generated that is homologous to the sequence of P450 2E1 mRNA except for an internal deletion of 100 bases. The data indicate that P450 2E1 mRNA is present in the prostate of untreated animals and is induced about four-fold by treatment with pyridine. The results suggest that exposure to certain environmental chemicals and procarcinogens may increase P450 2E1 levels in the prostate gland and thus could enhance formation of reactive, carcinogenic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jiang
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental and Industrial Health, School of Public Health, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
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30
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Kuo CL, La Du BN. Calcium binding by human and rabbit serum paraoxonases. Structural stability and enzymatic activity. Drug Metab Dispos 1998; 26:653-60. [PMID: 9660847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Equilibrium dialysis and Scatchard plots were used to establish that human and rabbit paraoxonases both have two calcium binding sites. Independent-site and stepwise constant analyses were used to calculate a higher affinity site (Kd1) of 3.6 +/- 0.9 x 10(-7) M for human A paraoxonase, and 1.4 +/- 0.5 x 10(-8) M for rabbit paraoxonase, and a lower affinity site (Kd2) of 6.6 +/- 1.2 x 10(-6) M for human A paraoxonase, and 5.3 +/- 0.94 x 10(-6) M for rabbit paraoxonase. In both species, the higher affinity sites were found to be essential to maintain hydrolytic activity; complete removal of calcium led to irreversible inactivation. The lower affinity sites were required for catalytic activity, and their binding of calcium was reversible. Experimentally estimated values of Kd2 based on the concentration of calcium required to obtain half the maximum enzymatic activity were 3 microM for human A and B paraoxonases, and also in the order of 3 microM for rabbit paraoxonase, using three different substrates. Calcium was the only metal found that protects against denaturation and also confers hydrolytic activity with these two mammalian paraoxonases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Kuo
- Department of Environmental and Industrial Health, Toxicology Program, School of Public Health, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0615, USA
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31
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Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2E1 participates in the bioactivation of a wide variety of environmental and occupational pollutants. Such reactions may lead to the production of active carcinogenic metabolites. The presence of P450 2E1 in the testis and prostate has not yet been reported. In the present study, cytochrome P450 2E1 mRNA has been identified in the rat prostate and testis by reverse transcription PCR, southern blotting, and DNA sequencing. P450 2E1 protein from rat testis could be detected with immunoblot analysis, but was not detected in the prostate. The hydroxylation of p-nitrophenol, known to be mediated by P450 2E1, was demonstrated by HPLC measurement of product formation in microsomal fractions from the rat testis, but again not from prostate. Exposure of rats to pyridine resulted in a 2.9-fold increase of p-nitrophenol hydroxylation by testicular microsomes. Diethyldithiocarbamate, a selective mechanism-based inhibitor of P450 2E1, or a P450 2E1 monoclonal antibody, caused marked inhibition of testicular microsomal p-nitrophenol hydroxylase activity. These results indicate that cytochrome P450 2E1 is present in the rat testis, and that it is elevated by the treatment of the animals with pyridine. Thus, the presence and inducibility of cytochrome P450 2E1 in the testis may be of significance in the bioactivation of environmental chemicals to genotoxic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jiang
- Department of Environmental and Industrial Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2029, USA
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32
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Kuo CL, Chen ML, Wang K, Chou CK, Vernooij B, Seto D, Koop BF, Hood L. A conserved sequence block in murine and human T cell receptor (TCR) Jalpha region is a composite element that enhances TCR alpha enhancer activity and binds multiple nuclear factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:3839-44. [PMID: 9520454 PMCID: PMC19924 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.7.3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A conserved sequence block (CSB) located in a noncoding region of the mouse and human TCR alpha/delta loci, showing six differences over 125 nucleotide positions (95% similar), was subjected to detailed analyses in this study. Transient transfection results showed that the CSB-containing element in conjunction with the TCR alpha enhancer up-regulated the alpha enhancer activity, whereas no enhancer activity was detected when CSB alone was assayed. In vitro occupancy analyses of CSB by nuclear factors reveal the existence of an unexpectedly intricate network of CSB-protein and protein-protein interactions. Lymphoid-specific as well as T-lineage-specific nuclear factors are involved to differentially form CSB-bound complexes in extracts of various tissues and cell lines. Liver was shown to contain factor(s) sequestering thymic CSB-binding factors. Furthermore, the putative binding sites for transcription factors known to be important for lymphoid-lineage development are present in CSB and are targeted by nuclear factors. On the basis of these results, we propose that the CSB element may play a role in shaping the chromatin structure by which the accessibility of TCR alpha/delta loci to the recombinase complex and/or to the transcriptional apparatus can be controlled.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites/genetics
- Conserved Sequence
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/immunology
- Humans
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nuclear Proteins/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Sequence Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Kuo
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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33
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Kuo CL, Vaz AD, Coon MJ. Metabolic activation of trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, a toxic product of membrane lipid peroxidation and inhibitor of P450 cytochromes. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:22611-6. [PMID: 9278417 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.36.22611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation in biological membranes is known to yield reactive aldehydes, of which trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is particularly cytotoxic. This laboratory previously reported that purified liver microsomal P450 cytochromes are directly inactivated to varying extents by HNE. We have now found a mechanism-based reaction in which P450s are inactivated by HNE in the presence of molecular oxygen, NADPH, and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase. The sensitivity of the various isozymes in the two pathways is different as follows: P450 2B4 and the orthologous 2B1 are inactivated to the greatest extent and 2C3, 1A2, 2E1, and 1A1 to a somewhat lesser extent by the pathway in which HNE undergoes metabolic activation. In contrast, 2B4 and 2B1 are insensitive to direct inactivation, and the reductase is unaffected by HNE by either route. Recent studies on the catalytic activities of the T302A mutant of P450 2B4 have shown that the rate of oxidation of a variety of xenobiotic aldehydes to carboxylic acids is decreased, but the rates of aldehyde deformylation and mechanism-based inactivation of the cytochrome are stimulated over those of the wild-type enzyme (Raner, G. M., Vaz, A. D. N., and Coon, M. J. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 4895-4902). Inactivation by those aldehydes apparently occurs by homolytic cleavage of a peroxyhemiacetal intermediate to yield formate and an alkyl radical that reacts with the heme. In sharp contrast, the rate of mechanism-based inactivation by HNE is decreased with the T302A mutant relative to that of the wild-type P450 2B4, and mass spectral analysis of the heme adduct formed shows that deformylation does not occur. We therefore propose that the metabolic activation of HNE involves formation of an acyl carbon radical that leads to the carboxylic acid or alternatively reacts with the heme.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Kuo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0606, USA
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34
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Wang K, Gan L, Kuo CL, Hood L. A highly conserved apoptotic suppressor gene is located near the chicken T-cell receptor alpha chain constant region. Immunogenetics 1997; 46:376-82. [PMID: 9271627 DOI: 10.1007/s002510050291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A cosmid clone containing the chicken T-cell receptor alpha chain constant region (TCRAC) was sequenced. The cosmid contains the TCRAC gene, six putative joining gene segments (TCRAJ), and surprisingly, a chicken homologue for the human apoptotic suppressor gene, defender against cell death (DAD1). The DAD1 gene is 6.3 kilobases downstream of the TCRAC gene and has an inverted transcription orientation with respect to the TCRAC gene. The cDNA for the chicken DAD1 gene is 597 base pairs in length and encodes a highly conserved hydrophobic protein. The proximal location of DAD1 to the TCRAC locus has also been confirmed in both humans and mouse. The location of the DAD1 gene suggests that DAD1 may play an important role in T-cell related apoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wang
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, Box 357730, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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35
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Kuo CL, La Du BN. Comparison of purified human and rabbit serum paraoxonases. Drug Metab Dispos 1995; 23:935-44. [PMID: 8565784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabbit serum paraoxonase (PON) activity was reported to be nearly 20 times greater than that found for humans and all other mammalian species tested, to date. However, 85% of the amino acid residues are identical in human and rabbit PONs, and the two purified PONs show similar substrate specificity patterns. Both are stimulated by phospholipids and have two asparagine-linked sugar chains. Both also have one intramolecular disulfide bond and one free sulfhydryl residue per molecule. Both require Ca2+ for stability and for catalytic activity. Zn2+ and Cd2+ also stabilize both PONs and prevent irreversible denaturation, but neither metal confers catalytic activity. Maximum specific activities for both esterases were approximately 2,000 units of arylesterase activity/mg protein. In contrast, rabbit PON is more stable than human PON to heat inactivation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis treatment. Chelex 100 strips Ca2+ from human PON more easily, and EDTA is less inhibitory with rabbit PON. We conclude that human and rabbit PONs have very similar active centers, but the latter binds Ca2+ more tightly, is a more stable enzyme, and is maintained at 3- to 4-fold higher steady-state concentrations in serum than its human counterpart. PON activity depends on adequate Ca2+ being available; therefore, apparently much higher levels of PON activity in rabbits can be explained by the reduced Ca2+ concentrations present in the early assay methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Kuo
- Department of Environmental and Industrial Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0572, USA
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36
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Sorenson RC, Primo-Parmo SL, Kuo CL, Adkins S, Lockridge O, La Du BN. Reconsideration of the catalytic center and mechanism of mammalian paraoxonase/arylesterase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:7187-91. [PMID: 7638166 PMCID: PMC41304 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.16.7187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For three decades, mammalian paraoxonase (A-esterase, aromatic esterase, arylesterase; PON, EC 3.1.8.1) has been thought to be a cysteine esterase demonstrating structural and mechanistic homologies with the serine esterases (cholinesterases and carboxyesterases). Human, mouse, and rabbit PONs each contain only three cysteine residues, and their positions within PON have been conserved. In purified human PON, residues Cys-41 and Cys-352 form an intramolecular disulfide bond and neither could function as an active-center cysteine. Highly purified, enzymatically active PON contains a single titratable sulfhydryl group. Thus, Cys-283 is the only probable candidate for an active-center cysteine. Through site-directed mutagenesis of the human cDNA, Cys-283 was replaced with either serine (C283S) or alanine (C283A). The expressed C283 (wild-type) enzyme was inactivated by para-hydroxymercuribenzoate, but the C283S and C283A mutant enzymes were not inactivated. C283A and C283S mutant enzymes retained both paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, and the Km values for paraoxon and phenyl acetate were similar to those of the wild type. Clearly, residue Cys-283 is free in active PON, but a free sulfhydryl group is not required for either paraoxonase or arylesterase activities. Consequently, it is necessary to examine other models for the active-site structure and catalytic mechanism of PON.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Sorenson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0632, USA
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Abstract
Berberine, an alkaloid initially isolated from Chinese herbal medicine exhibited the ability to induce morphological changes and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, characteristic of apoptosis in promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Cell cycle studies showed that only about 20% of the cells underwent apoptosis at the early time (6 h) of berberine (25 micrograms/ml) treatment; these appeared to be cells in S phase at the time of berberine treatment. At extended time (6-48 h), cells were cell cycle arrested, the number of cells of each phase, particularly the cells of S phase decreased and much more (> 50%) of the cells appeared with DNA content less than G1. Attempts were also made to isolate possible berberine-DNA complexes from cell cultures treated with berberine (25 micrograms/ml; 2-24 h). Shifts of absorption maxima of berberine in the direction of longer wavelengths were observed in the isolated berberine-DNA complexes. Palmatine, an analog of berberine, which was not able to induce apoptosis, also complexed with DNA in cells treated with palmatine (25 micrograms/ml; 2-24 h). Our results suggest that some important cellular processes other than the intracellular DNA-interacting action of berberine may be involved in the berberine-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, Yang Ming Medical College, Taiwan, ROC
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38
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Kuo CL, Ho WL, Lin CC, Hwang MH. Pulmonary carcinoid tumor--tumorlet type: a case report. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1995; 55:339-342. [PMID: 7796364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A rare case of bronchiectasis with carcinoid tumor, tumorlet type, is reported. The patient was a 53-year-old female who underwent lobectomy of the right middle and lower lobes for severe hemorrhage secondary to bronchiectasis. No tumor was seen on chest X-ray or by gross examination of the lung. Microscopically, there were multiple tumorlets in the pulmonary parenchyma surrounding the bronchiole and small bronchus. The tumor cells stained positive for neuron-specific enolase, keratin and chromogranin stain. The morphology, and staining properties suggested that the pulmonary tumorlets were carcinoid tumor. No tumor cells were identified in the four peribronchial lymph nodes. The patient is disease-free after four years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Kuo
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C
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39
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Abstract
Central to providing culturally appropriate nursing care is sensitivity to and knowledge about the group being cared for. Although "mental health" and "mental illness" are artificial concepts among people who do not differentiate and treat mind, body, and spirit separately, and who may not differentiate illness from other problems of living, many individuals ethnically rooted in one or more Asian cultures enter Western mental health care systems. Quality nursing care requires understanding and respect for traditional values, beliefs, and practices that may differ significantly from those typical of Western European-based societies. Whether clients are traditional in orientation or highly acculturated to Western ways, nurses are responsible for providing culturally appropriate care. This article discusses mental health and nursing care from various perspectives of Asian and Asian-American clients, and in particular those of Chinese descent.
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40
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Abstract
The rearrangement and expression of six different mouse T-cell receptor TCRDV (V delta) gene subfamilies have been studied in BALB/c mouse spleen. The results show that all the TCRDV gene segments studied can be rearranged and expressed with both the TCRA (alpha) and the TCRD (delta) chain. The apparently restricted and separated V gene repertoire for the TCRD and TCRAT-cell receptor may result from thymus and peripheral selection rather than from selective rearrangement in the DNA level. Several J gene segments show much higher concentration in spleen with TCRDV gene segments, however, these J gene segments do not tend to be located at either end of the J gene cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wang
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125
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41
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Abstract
Cosmid clones containing T-cell receptor Tcra V2 subfamily gene segments have been isolated from a BALB/c cosmid library and subjected to DNA sequence analysis. The V gene segments in the Tcra V2 subfamily differ from each other by 3%-7% at the nucleotide level and 5%-16% at the amino acid level. T-cell receptor Tcra V2 gene segment polymorphisms have been identified in the B10.PL and PL/J mouse strains with a Tcra V2 subfamily-specific probe. These V gene segment polymorphisms may cause the differential Tcra V gene usage in induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis between B10.PL and PL/J mice.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cosmids
- Gene Rearrangement, alpha-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family/genetics
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Deletion
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wang
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology GJ-10, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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42
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Koop BF, Rowen L, Wang K, Kuo CL, Seto D, Lenstra JA, Howard S, Shan W, Deshpande P, Hood L. The human T-cell receptor TCRAC/TCRDC (C alpha/C delta) region: organization, sequence, and evolution of 97.6 kb of DNA. Genomics 1994; 19:478-93. [PMID: 8188290 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1994.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We sequenced and analyzed 97.6 kb of new DNA sequence containing the human TCRAC (C alpha) and TCRDC (C delta) genes as well as the TCRDV3 (V delta 3) and 61 different TCRAJ (J alpha) gene segments and compared its organization and structure to the previously described mouse T-cell receptor TCRAC/TCRDC (C alpha/C delta) region. A comprehensive nomenclature, consistent with the IUIS nomenclature committee recommendations, for both human and mouse TCRAJ gene segments is presented. In the human sequence, we identified 20 new TCRAJ gene segments and obtained the germline sequence for 23 additional TCRAJ gene segments known from cDNA clones. Using the sequence data obtained from the human TCRAC/TCRDC region, we have extended a polymerase chain reaction-based assay to test for the expression of the individual TCRAJ gene segments. At least five TCRAJ pseudogene segments were identified by sequence criteria. Like the murine TCRAC/TCRDC sequence, this sequence contains a high level of coding sequence, with over 6.6% of the total sequence being transcribed. Comparison of the human sequence with the previously reported mouse DNA sequence reveals homologous counterparts for the variable and joining (J) gene segments and both constant genes. Eleven new J pseudogene segments have been identified in the mouse TCRAC/TCRDC sequence through the use of human and mouse sequence comparisons. In terms of structure and organization, this region of the human and mouse genome appears to be remarkably conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Koop
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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43
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Göbel TW, Chen CL, Lahti J, Kubota T, Kuo CL, Aebersold R, Hood L, Cooper MD. Identification of T-cell receptor alpha-chain genes in the chicken. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:1094-8. [PMID: 8302838 PMCID: PMC521460 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.3.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha-chain (TCR alpha) and beta-chain (TCR beta) genes are well characterized in mammals, while only TCR beta genes have been identified in other vertebrates. To identify avian TCR alpha genes, we used monoclonal anti-CD3 antibodies to isolate chicken TCR alpha for peptide sequence analysis. Degenerate oligonucleotide probes were then used to isolate a candidate TCR alpha cDNA clone that hybridized with a 1.7-kb mRNA species present only in alpha beta T cells and in tissues populated by these cells. Southern blot analysis revealed gene rearrangement in thymocytes and alpha beta T-cell lines. The TCR alpha cDNA candidate encoded an open reading frame of 275 amino acids, the predicted variable (V)-, joining (J)-, and constant (C)-region amino acid sequences of which shared approximately 40%, 60%, and 25% homology with corresponding mammalian sequences. A single C alpha gene and approximately 25 V alpha genes were identified by using region-specific probes. The V alpha cDNA probe isolated from a V beta 1+ cell line reacted with transcripts from one of five V beta 2+ cell lines, suggesting shared use of V alpha genes by V beta 1+ and V beta 2+ T cells and the existence of other V alpha gene families. A genomic V alpha sequence was flanked by classical recombination signal sequences but, unlike previously defined V genes, the leader and V alpha region were encoded by a single exon. The data indicate evolutionary conservation of the basic TCR alpha gene structure in birds and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Göbel
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294
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Abstract
The complete amino acid sequence of human serum paraoxonase/arylesterase and the DNA sequence coding for that protein have recently been determined in two independent laboratories. There is now considerable evidence that the esterase exists in two genetically determined allozymic forms, and these A and B allozymes possess both paraoxonase and arylesterase activities. The B-type esterase has relatively higher paraoxonase activity and is stimulated to a greater degree by 1 M NaCl than the A allozyme. The structural basis for the distinctive isozymic properties is a single nucleotide base at position 572. Codon 191 is CAA (for glutamine) in the A-type esterase, and CGA (for arginine) in the B-type enzyme. There is a second polymorphic site which affects amino acid 54; this can be either methionine or leucine, but these alternatives have not been found to affect either the level or the quality of the allozymes. Purified A or B-type esterases are stimulated by the addition of phosphatidylcholine. The latter addition increases the maximum velocity rate, but does not alter the Km of the reaction with either paraoxon or phenylacetate. In serum, the esterase is tightly bound to the high density lipoproteins, particularly apo A-1, but the importance of this association as far as the stability and catalytic properties of the esterase is not clear, and still under study. No physiological role of the esterase has been established, but its ability to hydrolyze several potent organophosphates may be of some significance in protecting against organophosphate toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N La Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0572
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Kuo CL, Wei JG, Chen SH. Unique behavior of thickness dependence in the nonlinear wave-mixing process with a nematic thin film. Opt Lett 1993; 18:592. [PMID: 19802210 DOI: 10.1364/ol.18.000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Koop BF, Wilson RK, Wang K, Vernooij B, Zallwer D, Kuo CL, Seto D, Toda M, Hood L. Organization, structure, and function of 95 kb of DNA spanning the murine T-cell receptor C alpha/C delta region. Genomics 1992; 13:1209-30. [PMID: 1505954 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(92)90039-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have analyzed the organization, structure, and function of the murine T-cell receptor C alpha/C delta region. This region spans 94.6 kb of DNA and contains the C alpha and C delta genes, as well as the V delta 5, J delta 2, and 50 different J alpha gene segments. Within this sequence we have identified 15 new J alpha gene segments, 40 new 5' RNA splice signals, and 40 new DNA rearrangement signals for the J alpha gene segments. The murine C alpha/C delta sequence contains an exceptionally high level of coding sequence with over 5.7% of the total sequence found in the exons. This is much more than that found in the beta-globin locus and the HPRT locus. Using the sequence data obtained from the C alpha/C delta region, we have designed simple assays to test for J alpha gene segment transcription and to determine the level of polymorphism for simple repeat sequences among different inbred strains of mice using the polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, comparisons of this 95 kb of sequence with the available sequence from homologous regions of other species have led to the identification of a highly conserved sequence that is present throughout vertebrates and in the mouse binds lymphocyte-specific nuclear proteins. Comparisons of a 10-kb region, which includes the C alpha gene in human and mouse, average 66% sequence similarity. These studies support the contention that large-scale DNA sequencing projects of homologous regions of mouse and human will provide powerful new tools for studying the biology and evolution of loci such as the T-cell receptor and for identifying and posing new questions about the functions of conserved sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Koop
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125
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Fan PC, Chung WC, Kuo CL, Lin CY, Hsu HM, Chuang CH, Chow CY. Evaluation of efficacy of four pediculicides against head louse (Pediculus capitis) infestation. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1992; 8:255-65. [PMID: 1377757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the efficacy and to determine the minimum effective dosage of four pediculicides against head louse infestation, as well as to select a safe, effective, practical, and cheap agent, 1,657 infested school children in 25 primary schools in Szu-Hu, Kou-Hu, and Ku-Keng Districts of Yunlin County were treated and 1,611 of them were examined. The overall cure rate was 73% and the rate for boys (84%) was higher than that for girls (71%). The cure rate of Nix (permethrin 1%) cream rinse was 81%. The cure rate for single dosages of 1, 2, 3 and 4 cases/tube (56 gm/tube) was 87%, 83%, 81% and 71%, respectively. The cure rate of Para aerosol (bioallethrine 0.66%) was 78%. The cure rate for single dosages of 30 and 40 cases/tube (90 gm/tube) was 87% and 70%, respectively. The cure rate of Prioderm (malathion 1%) cream shampoo was 64%. The cure rate for single dosages of 10, 15 and 20 cases/tube (40 gm/tube) was 74%, 71% and 52%, respectively. The cure rate of Delice (1% gamma benzene hexachloride) was 71%. The cure rate for single dosages of 5 and 10 ml/case was 64% and 76%, respectively. Of the 226 infested girls, 181 (80%) were found to be infested with 1-10 head lice, 33 (15%) with 11-50 lice, 7(3%) with 51-100 lice and 5 (2%) with over 100 lice. Of the 2,160 head lice collected, 1,788 (83%) were nymphs, 284 (13%) females, and 88 (4%) males. The mean number of head lice in each infested girl was 10 (range 1-137). The low cure rates obtained in the present study may be due to the fact that many school girl & have long hair. In comparison, Nix had the highest cure rate (81%) but the highest price (NT$ 120/case). The cure rate and price of Para aerosol (78%, NT$ 7.2/case) and Delice (71%, NT$ 16.7/case) came next. Prioderm (64%, NT$ 10.0/case) had the lowest rate and a slight offensive smell. Preliminary trials show that based on the cost-effectiveness, Para aerosol is best in head louse infestation control.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Fan
- Department of Parasitology, National Yangming Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Fan PC, Chung WC, Kuo CL, Hsu HM, Chow CY. Present status of head louse (Pediculus capitis) infestation among school children in Yunlin County, Taiwan. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1991; 7:151-9. [PMID: 2030521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In December 1990, 35 children in one kindergarten; 7,870 children in twenty-six primary schools and 2,657 students in three junior high schools in Kou-Hu, Ku-Keng and Szu-Hu Districts in Yunlin County, Taiwan, were examined by naked eye observation (NEO) for head louse infestation. The overall infestation rate was 16%. The infestation rate was highest in Kou-Hu (25%) and lowest in Ku-Keng (8%). The rate was higher among primary school children (21%) than among junior high school students (2%). The infestation rate of girls (34% in primary school children and 4% in junior high school students) was higher than that of boys (9%, less than 1% respectively). Among the primary school children the rate was highest in girls in grade 5 (39%) and boys in grade 4 (14%). The lowest rates were in girls in grade 6 (27%) and in boys in grades 5 and 6 (6%). In junior high school students, the rate of grade 1 (4%) was higher than those of grade 2 (less than 1%) and 3 (less than 1%).
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Fan
- Department of Parasitology, National Yangming Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Kuo CL, Chen SH. Double peaks of fundamental diffraction efficiency versus biasing of electric fields through the degenerate four-wave mixing process in nematic liquid-crystal films. Opt Lett 1990; 15:610. [PMID: 19768023 DOI: 10.1364/ol.15.000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Choi WJ, Campbell JL, Kuo CL, Jong AY. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SOC8-1 gene and its relationship to a nucleotide kinase. J Biol Chem 1989; 264:15593-9. [PMID: 2549068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The yeast SOC8-1 gene was originally identified by partial complementation of cdc8 mutant strains. We have carried out Bal31 deletion analysis of the SOC8-1 gene to define the minimal size which is required for the complementation of the cdc8 mutation. When the SOC8-1 gene is cloned in a multicopy plasmid, it enables temperature-resistant growth in the cdc8 mutant strain, while the SOC8-1 gene in a single copy plasmid does not. Thus, its suppression of the cdc8 mutant is dosage dependent. The high copy number vector carrying the SOC8-1 gene can complement five different cdc8 alleles, indicating that the suppression is not allele specific. Since CDC8 encodes thymidylate kinase, cells bearing a high copy number plasmid containing SOC8-1 gene were tested for the ability to phosphorylate several nucleoside monophosphates, including UMP, GMP and dTMP. Significantly increased phosphorylation activity was observed, suggesting that SOC8-1 encodes a nucleotide kinase. Both restriction enzyme analysis of the SOC8-1 gene and partial purification of the overproduced kinase in SOC8-1 overproducing strains suggest that SOC8-1 may be allelic with URA6. Consistent with these results, both SOC8-1 and URA6 are located on chromosome XI. Thus, one possible suppression mechanism is that SOC8-1 may provide a trans-acting dTMP kinase activity, bypassing the cdc8 gene defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Choi
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033
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