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Wang ZX, Lian WW, He J, He XL, Wang YM, Pan CH, Li M, Zhang WK, Liu LQ, Xu JK. Cornuside ameliorates cognitive impairments in scopolamine induced AD mice: Involvement of neurotransmitter and oxidative stress. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 293:115252. [PMID: 35405255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc., traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in the treatment of dementia. Cornel iridoid glycosides of Cornus officinalis is therapeutic to Alzheimer's disease (AD), while its pharmacodynamic material basis is not clear. Cornuside, an iridoid glycoside extracted from of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc, might be a potential anti-AD candidate. AIM OF THE STUDY Cornuside was evaluated for its effect on scopolamine induced AD mice, and its action mechanisms were explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS ICR mice were administered with 1 mg/kg scopolamine intraperitoneally to induce amnesia. The therapeutic effect of cornuside of cognitive function was evaluated via series of behavioral tests, including Morris water maze test, step-through test and step-down test. In addition, specific enzyme reaction tests were used to detect the content of acetylcholine (ACh) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the brain. The levels of monoamine neurotransmitters were detected by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). RESULTS Cornuside ameliorated the spatial memory impairment in Morris water maze test and cognitive disruption in step-through and step-down test. Furthermore, cornuside improved the level of ACh by reducing the activities of AChE and BuChE, and increasing the activity of ChAT in hippocampus. Cornuside also increased the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters by inhibiting MAO activity in hippocampus and cortex. In addition, cornuside attenuated MDA by enhancing the activities of SOD and CAT in hippocampus and cortex. CONCLUSION Cornuside improved cognitive dysfunction induced by scopolamine in behavioral tests. The mechanisms of cornuside were further investigated from the aspects of neurotransmitters and oxidative stress. Cornuside could inhibit oxidative stress and neurotransmitter hydrolases, increase ACh and monoamine neurotransmitters, which finally contributed to its therapeutic effect on scopolamine induced amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Xing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wen Lian
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Hao Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lian-Qi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Pan CH, Xia CY, Yan Y, Han Y, Shi R, He J, Wang ZX, Wang YM, Zhang WK, Xu JK. Loganin ameliorates depression-like behaviors of mice via modulation of serotoninergic system. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:3063-3070. [PMID: 34342673 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Depression is a serious neuropsychiatric disorder, which is characterized by sustaining mood disorders. Loganin, a major iridoid glycoside from Corni fructus, has a variety of pharmacological activities, including neuroprotective effect and hypnotic effect. However, little is known about the effects of loganin on stress-induced depression. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of loganin on behavioral despair of mice, and whether serotonin (5-HT) and/or noradrenaline (NE) are involved in this process. METHODS We tested the effectiveness of loganin using tail suspension test (TST). The possible mechanism was explored using reserpine-induced ptosis and hypothermia, and 5-HTP-induced head-twitch response in mice. The changes of 5-HT and NE in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum were measured through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Then, we identified the effects of depleting 5-HT and NE by PCPA (p-chlorophenylalanine) and DSP-4 (N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine hydrochloride) pretreatment, respectively. RESULTS Loganin (12.5/50 mg/kg) induced antidepressant-like effects in mice submitted to TST. Loganin (12.5/50 mg/kg) ameliorated the reserpine-induced hypothermia and ptosis, as well as increased 5-HTP-induced head-twitch responses in mice. Loganin (50 mg/kg) significantly increased the levels of 5-HT in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Furthermore, only PCPA treatment could eliminate loganin-induced antidepressant-like effects in TST. CONCLUSION Loganin exerts antidepressant-like effect in the TST depending on 5-HT levels in the central nervous system, which provide a potential agent for depression therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hao Pan
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Yuan Xia
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yan
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Han
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Shi
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Xing Wang
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Xia CY, Xu JK, Pan CH, Lian WW, Yan Y, Ma BZ, He J, Zhang WK. Connexins in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes: Possible factors for demyelination in multiple sclerosis. Neurochem Int 2020; 136:104731. [PMID: 32201280 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidences support that glial connexins are involved in the demyelination pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder. Here, we review the data from patients with MS and animal models of MS that implicate connexins in demyelination. Connexins expressed in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes show diverse changes at the different phases of MS. Loss of oligodendrocyte or astrocyte connexins contributes to demyelination and exaggerates the pathology of MS. Channel-dependent and -independent connexins are involved in the pathology of demyelination, which is related with myelin integrity, metabolic homeostasis, the brain-blood barrier, the immune cell infiltration, and the inflammatory response. A comprehensive understanding of connexin function in demyelination may provide new therapeutic targets for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Yuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Hao Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wen Lian
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Zhi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang YP, Liu Y, Song XY, Yuan GL, Chen W, Ji XQ, Ding XT, Yang JW, Zhou J, Li X, Yang QW, Duan XR, Pan CH, Liu Y. Measurements of the fast electron bremsstrahlung emission during electron cyclotron resonance heating in the HL-2A tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:103501. [PMID: 21034085 DOI: 10.1063/1.3488966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A fast electron bremsstrahlung (FEB) diagnostic technique based on cadmium telluride (CdTe) detector has been developed recently in the HL-2A tokamak for measurements of the temporal evolution of FEB emission in the energy range of 10-200 keV. With a perpendicular viewing into the plasma on the equatorial plane, the hard x-ray spectra with eight different energy channels are measured. The discrimination of the spectra is implemented by an accurate spectrometry. The system also makes use of fast digitization and software signal processing technology. An ambient environment of neutrons, gammas, and magnetic disturbance requires careful shielding. During electron cyclotron resonance heating, the generation of fast electrons and the oscillations of electron fishbone (e-fishbone) have been found. Using the FEB measurement system, it has been experimentally identified that the mode strongly correlates with the electron cyclotron resonance heating produced fast electrons with 30-70 keV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Zhang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Xiao WW, Zou XL, Ding XT, Yao LH, Feng BB, Song XM, Song SD, Zhou Y, Liu ZT, Yuan BS, Sun HJ, Ji XQ, Gao YD, Li YG, Yan LW, Yang QW, Liu Y, Dong JQ, Duan XR, Liu Y, Pan CH. Observation of a spontaneous particle-transport barrier in the HL-2A tokamak. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:215001. [PMID: 20867107 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.215001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Using the profile analysis, the density perturbation transport analysis, and the Doppler reflectometry measurement, for the first time a spontaneous and steady-state particle-transport barrier has been evidenced in the Ohmic plasmas in the HL-2A tokamak with no externally applied momentum or particle input except the gas puffing. A threshold in density has been found for the observation of the barrier. The particle diffusivity is well-like, and the convection is found to be inward outside the well and outward inside the well. The formation of the barrier coincides with the transition between the trapped electron mode and the ion temperature gradient driven mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Xiao
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu, China
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Xiao WW, Zou XL, Ding XT, Dong JQ, Yao LH, Song SD, Liu ZT, Gao YD, Feng BB, Song XM, Yang QW, Yan LW, Liu Y, Duan XR, Pan CH, Liu Y. A method of particle transport study using supersonic molecular beam injection and microwave reflectometry on HL-2A tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:013506. [PMID: 20113099 DOI: 10.1063/1.3274201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A method of the particle transport study using supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) and microwave reflectometry is reported in this paper. Experimental results confirm that pulsed SMBI is a good perturbation source with deeper penetration and better localization than the standard gas puffing. The local density modulation is induced using the pulsed SMBI and the perturbation density is measured by the microwave reflectometry. Using Fourier transform analysis for the local density perturbation, radial profiles of the amplitude and phase of the density modulation can be obtained. The experimental results in HL-2A show that the particle injected by SMBI is located at about r/a=0.65-0.75. The position of the main particle source can be determined through three aspects: the minimum of the phase of the first harmonic of the Fourier transform of the modulated density measured by microwave reflectometry; the H(a) intensity profile and the local density increase ratio. The maximum of the amplitude of the first harmonic shifts often inward relative to the particle source location, which indicates clearly there is an inward particle pinch in this area. Good agreement has been found between the experimental results and the simulation using analytical transport model. The particle diffusivity D and the particle convection velocity V have been obtained by doing this simulation. The sensitivity in the transport coefficients of the amplitude and the phase of the density modulation has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Xiao
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang YP, Liu Y, Yang JW, Song XY, Liao M, Li X, Yuan GL, Yang QW, Duan XR, Pan CH. A new soft x-ray pulse height analysis array in the HL-2A tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2009; 80:126104. [PMID: 20059178 DOI: 10.1063/1.3263910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new soft x-ray pulse height analysis (PHA) array including nine independent subsystems, on basis of a nonconventional software multichannel analysis system and a silicon drift detector (SDD) linear array consisting of nine high performance SDD detectors, has been developed in the HL-2A tokamak. The use of SDD has greatly improved the measurement accuracy and the spatiotemporal resolutions of the soft x-ray PHA system. Since the ratio of peak to background counts obtained from the SDD PHA system is very high, p/b > or = 3000, the soft x-ray spectra measured by the SDD PHA system can approximatively be regarded as electron velocity distribution. The electron velocity distribution can be well derived in the pure ohmic and auxiliary heating discharges. The performance of the new soft x-ray PHA array and the first experimental results with some discussions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Zhang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Abstract
Isolation of measles virus in tissue culture by Enders and colleagues in the 1960s led to the development of the first measles vaccines. An inactivated vaccine provided only short-term protection and induced poor T cell responses and antibody that did not undergo affinity maturation. The response to this vaccine primed for atypical measles, a more severe form of measles, and was withdrawn. A live attenuated virus vaccine has been highly successful in protection from measles and in elimination of endemic measles virus transmission with the use of two doses. This vaccine is administered by injection between 9 and 15 months of age. Measles control would be facilitated if infants could be immunized at a younger age, if the vaccine were thermostable, and if delivery did not require a needle and syringe. To these ends, new vaccines are under development using macaques as an animal model and various combinations of the H, F, and N viral proteins. Promising studies have been reported using DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, and virus-vectored vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Griffin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St. Rm E5132 Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Zhao KJ, Lan T, Dong JQ, Yan LW, Hong WY, Yu CX, Liu AD, Qian J, Cheng J, Yu DL, Yang QW, Ding XT, Liu Y, Pan CH. Toroidal symmetry of the geodesic acoustic mode zonal flow in a tokamak plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:255004. [PMID: 16907314 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.255004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Revised: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The toroidal symmetry of the geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) zonal flows is identified with toroidally distributed three step Langmuir probes at the edge of the HuanLiuqi-2A (commonly referred to as HL-2A) tokamak plasmas for the first time. High coherence of both the GAM and the ambient turbulence for the toroidally displaced measurements along a magnetic field line is observed, in contrast with the high coherence of the GAM but low coherence of the ambient turbulence when the toroidally displaced measurements are not along the same field line. The radial and poloidal features of the flows are also simultaneously determined. The nonlinear three wave coupling between the high frequency turbulent fluctuations and the flows is demonstrated to be a plausible formation mechanism of the flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Zhao
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu, China
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Pan CH, Jong MH, Huang TS, Liu HF, Lin SY, Lai SS. Phylogenetic analysis of classical swine fever virus in Taiwan. Arch Virol 2005; 150:1101-19. [PMID: 15703847 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-004-0485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two envelope glycoprotein (Erns and E2) regions of the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced directly from 158 specimens collected between 1989 and 2003 in Taiwan. Phylogenetic analysis of the two regions revealed a similar tree topology and the Erns region provided better discrimination than the E2 region. One hundred and fifteen isolates out of the 158 isolates were clustered within subgroup 2.1 (further classified as 2.1a and 2.1b) and 2.2, which were considered to be likely of the introduced strains, whereas the remaining 43 isolates were clustered within subgroup 3.4 and were considered to be of the endemic strains. The subgroup 2.1a viruses were first detected in 1994 and predominated from 1995 onwards. However, subgroup 3.4 viruses were prevalent in the early years, not being isolated after 1996. We have observed a dramatic switch in genotype from subgroup 3.4 to 2.1a. The subgroup 2.1a isolates are closely related to the Paderborn and Lao isolates, whereas 2.1b isolates have a close relationship to the Chinese Guangxi isolates. The phylogenetic tree of 27 CSFV sequences based on the complete envelope glycoprotein gene (Erns-E2) displayed better resolution than that based on the complete open reading frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Pan
- Department of Hog Cholera, Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taipei, Taiwan
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Pan CH, Chen HW, Huang HW, Tao MH. Protective mechanisms induced by a Japanese encephalitis virus DNA vaccine: requirement for antibody but not CD8(+) cytotoxic T-cell responses. J Virol 2001; 75:11457-63. [PMID: 11689627 PMCID: PMC114732 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.23.11457-11463.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that a plasmid (pE) encoding the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) envelope (E) protein conferred a high level of protection against a lethal viral challenge. In the present study, we used adoptive transfer experiments and gene knockout mice to demonstrate that the DNA-induced E-specific antibody alone can confer protection in the absence of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) functions. Plasmid pE administered by either intramuscular or gene gun injection produced significant E-specific antibodies, helper T (Th)-cell proliferative responses, and CTL activities. Animals receiving suboptimal DNA vaccination produced low titers of anti-E antibodies and were only partially or not protected from viral challenge, indicating a strong correlation between anti-E antibodies and the protective capacity. This observation was confirmed by adoptive transfer experiments. Intravenous transfer of E-specific antisera but not crude or T-cell-enriched immune splenocytes to sublethally irradiated hosts conferred protection against a lethal JEV challenge. Furthermore, experiments with gene knockout mice showed that DNA vaccination did not induce anti-E titers and protective immunity in Igmu(-/-) and I-Abeta(-/-) mice, whereas in CD8alpha(-/-) mice the pE-induced antibody titers and protective rate were comparable to those produced in the wild-type mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the anti-E antibody is the most critical protective component in this JEV challenge model and that production of anti-E antibody by pE DNA vaccine is dependent on the presence of CD4(+) T cells but independent of CD8(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Pan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen HW, Pan CH, Huan HW, Liau MY, Chiang JR, Tao MH. Suppression of immune response and protective immunity to a Japanese encephalitis virus DNA vaccine by coadministration of an IL-12-expressing plasmid. J Immunol 2001; 166:7419-26. [PMID: 11390494 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.12.7419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-12 plays a central role in both innate and acquired immunity and has been demonstrated to potentiate the protective immunity in several experimental vaccines. However, in this study, we show that IL-12 can be detrimental to the immune responses elicited by a plasmid DNA vaccine. Coadministration of the IL-12-expressing plasmid (pIL-12) significantly suppressed the protective immunity elicited by a plasmid DNA vaccine (pE) encoding the envelope protein of Japanese encephalitis virus. This suppressive effect was associated with marked reduction of specific T cell proliferation and Ab responses. A single dose of pIL-12 treatment with plasmid pE in initial priming resulted in significant immune suppression to subsequent pE booster immunization. The pIL-12-mediated immune suppression was dose dependent and evident only when the IL-12 gene was injected either before or coincident with the pE DNA vaccine. Finally, using IFN-gamma gene-disrupted mice, we showed that the suppressive activity of the IL-12 plasmid was dependent upon endogenous production of IFN-gamma. These results demonstrate that coexpression of the IL-12 gene can sometimes produce untoward effects to immune responses, and thus its application as a vaccine adjuvant should be carefully evaluated.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Drug Combinations
- Encephalitis, Japanese/immunology
- Encephalitis, Japanese/prevention & control
- Female
- Immunity, Cellular/genetics
- Immunization Schedule
- Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage
- Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/deficiency
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Interleukin-12/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-12/adverse effects
- Interleukin-12/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Interleukin-4/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines/genetics
- Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Plasmids/administration & dosage
- Plasmids/adverse effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Tsai CP, Pan CH, Liu MY, Lin YL, Chen CM, Huang TS, Cheng IC, Jong MH, Yang PC. Molecular epidemiological studies on foot-and-mouth disease type O Taiwan viruses from the 1997 epidemic. Vet Microbiol 2000; 74:207-16. [PMID: 10808089 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sequence diversity was assessed of the complete VP1 gene directly amplified from 49 clinical specimens during an explosive foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in Taiwan. Type O Taiwan FMD viruses are genetically highly homogenous, as seen by the minute divergence of 0.2-0.9% revealed in 20 variants. The O/HCP-0314/TW/97 and O/TCP-022/TW/97 viral variants dominated FMD outbreaks and were prevalent in most affected pig-raising areas. Comparison of deduced amino acid sequences around the main neutralizable antigenic sites on the VP1 polypeptide showed no significant antigenic variation. However, the O/CHP-158/TW/97 variant had an alternative critical residue at position 43 in antigenic site 3, which may be due to selective pressure in the field. Two vaccine production strains (O1/Manisa/Turkey/69 and O1/Campos/Brazil/71) probably provide partial heterologous protection of swine against O Taiwan viruses. The type O Taiwan variants clustered in sublineage A1 of four main lineages in the phylogenetic tree. The O/Hong Kong/9/94 and O/1685/Moscow/Russia/95 viruses in sublineage A2 are closely related to the O Taiwan variants. The causative agent for the 1997 epidemic presumably originated from a single common source of type O FMD viruses prevalent in neighboring areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Tsai
- Department of Pathobiology, Pig Research Institute Taiwan, P.O. Box 23, Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
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14
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Chen HW, Pan CH, Liau MY, Jou R, Tsai CJ, Wu HJ, Lin YL, Tao MH. Screening of protective antigens of Japanese encephalitis virus by DNA immunization: a comparative study with conventional viral vaccines. J Virol 1999; 73:10137-45. [PMID: 10559329 PMCID: PMC113066 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.12.10137-10145.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/1999] [Accepted: 09/17/1999] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the relative role of the structural and nonstructural proteins of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in inducing protective immunities and compared the results with those induced by the inactivated JEV vaccine. Several inbred and outbred mouse strains immunized with a plasmid (pE) encoding the JEV envelope protein elicited a high level of protection against a lethal JEV challenge similar to that achieved by the inactivated vaccine, whereas all the other genes tested, including those encoding the capsid protein and the nonstructural proteins NS1-2A, NS3, and NS5, were ineffective. Moreover, plasmid pE delivered by intramuscular or gene gun injections produced much stronger and longer-lasting JEV envelope-specific antibody responses than immunization of mice with the inactivated JEV vaccine did. Interestingly, intramuscular immunization of plasmid pE generated high-avidity antienvelope antibodies predominated by the immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) isotype similar to a sublethal live virus immunization, while gene gun DNA immunization and inactivated JEV vaccination produced antienvelope antibodies of significantly lower avidity accompanied by a higher IgG1-to-IgG2a ratio. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the JEV envelope protein represents the most critical antigen in providing protective immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Capsid/genetics
- Capsid/immunology
- Cell Line
- Cricetinae
- DNA, Viral/immunology
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/genetics
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/immunology
- Encephalitis, Japanese/prevention & control
- Female
- Genetic Vectors
- Humans
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Minute Virus of Mice
- Plasmids
- RNA Helicases
- Serine Endopeptidases
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics
- Viral Nonstructural Proteins/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Pan CH, Chen HW, Tao MH. Modulation of immune responses to DNA vaccines by codelivery of cytokine genes. J Formos Med Assoc 1999; 98:722-9. [PMID: 10705687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccines containing genes for antigenic portions of viruses have recently been developed as a novel vaccination technology. Direct injection of plasmid DNA in vivo results in prolonged expression of viral proteins and may, thus, mimic the action of attenuated vaccines. An important advantage of this vaccination method is that in vivo-synthesized viral proteins can enter both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II antigen-processing pathways to activate specific immunization. In many animal models for infectious diseases, DNA vaccines induced a broad range of immune responses, including antibody, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and CD4+ helper T (Th) lymphocyte responses, and protective immunity against challenge with the pathogen. The magnitude and nature of these immune responses to DNA vaccines can be further manipulated by codelivery of cytokine genes. Summarizing the many studies reported to date, we can draw conclusions regarding the adjuvant effects of these cytokine genes on DNA vaccines. Coadministration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-2 genes induces higher antibody titers and T-cell proliferation responses than other cytokine genes tested to date. In contrast, the CTL activity is only modestly increased by the GM-CSF and IL-2 genes. The IL-12 gene polarizes the immune responses to DNA vaccines toward Th1 cell development and stimulates the strongest CTL activity. In contrast, co-injection of the IL-4 gene promotes the development of Th2 cells and increases production of antibodies, but suppresses CTL activity. Thus, the immune responses to DNA vaccines can be engineered by co-injection of an appropriate cytokine gene to favor the formation of either CTL or neutralization antibodies and, therefore, provide the best protection against a particular pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Pan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
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16
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Pan CH, Lee EA, Chae YA, Kim SI. Purification of chitinolytic protein from Rehmannia glutinosa showing N-terminal amino acid sequence similarity to thaumatin-like proteins. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1999; 63:1138-40. [PMID: 10427705 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have purified a 21-kDa protein, designated as P1, from Rehmannia glutinosa to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and preparative native PAGE. The purified P1 had chitin degradation activity. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of P1 indicated that it is very similar to those of thaumatin and other reported thaumatin-like proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Pan
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea
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17
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Dunn SJ, Park SW, Sharma V, Raghu G, Simone JM, Tavassoli R, Young LM, Ortega MA, Pan CH, Alegre GJ, Roninson IB, Lipkina G, Dayn A, Holzmayer TA. Isolation of efficient antivirals: genetic suppressor elements against HIV-1. Gene Ther 1999; 6:130-7. [PMID: 10341885 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3300791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of general approaches for the isolation of efficient antivirals and the identification and validation of targets for drug screening are becoming increasingly important, due to the emergence of previously unrecognized viral diseases. The genetic suppressor element (GSE) technology is an approach based on the functional expression selection of efficient genetic inhibitors from random fragment libraries derived from a gene or genome of interest. We have applied this technology to isolate potent genetic inhibitors against HIV-1. Two strategies were used to select for GSEs that interfere with latent virus induction and productive HIV-1 infection based on the expression of intracellular and surface antigens. The selected GSEs clustered in seven narrowly defined regions of the HIV-1 genome and were found to be functionally active. These elements are potential candidates for the gene therapy of AIDS. The developed approaches can be applied to other viral pathogens, as well as for the identification of cellular genes supporting the HIV-1 life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Dunn
- Ingenex Inc, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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18
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Chiang BL, Yang PM, Hwang LH, Wang JM, Kao SF, Pan CH, Chi WK, Chen PJ, Chen DS. Establishment and characterization of NS3 protein-specific T-cell clones from a patient with chronic hepatitis C. J Biomed Sci 1998; 5:290-6. [PMID: 9691222 DOI: 10.1007/bf02255861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed dominant proliferative response of peripheral mononuclear cells to hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural (NS-3) (T9, from aa 1188 to 1493) in chronically infected patients. Six T9-specific T-cell clones derived in an HCV patient were established and studied for the antigen specificity and the ability of augmentation of in vitro antibody production. All these cloned T-cell lines responded exclusively to T9 antigen and could help autologous B cells in producing anti-T9 antibody in vitro. Cytokine mRNAs of these T cells was detected by polymerase chain reaction and predominant IL-2 and IFN-gamma production was noted. In addition, further elucidation of T-cell antigenic determinant and MHC restriction suggested that these T-cell clones recognized at least two different T-cell antigenic determinants within the NS-3 region in an HLA DQ2-restricted manner. We believe characterization of HCV-specific T-cell responses, especially T-cell epitope mapping and cytokine production pattern, may shed light on further understanding the pathogenic mechanism and designing therapy for HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
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19
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Sandhu C, Garbe J, Bhattacharya N, Daksis J, Pan CH, Yaswen P, Koh J, Slingerland JM, Stampfer MR. Transforming growth factor beta stabilizes p15INK4B protein, increases p15INK4B-cdk4 complexes, and inhibits cyclin D1-cdk4 association in human mammary epithelial cells. Mol Cell Biol 1997; 17:2458-67. [PMID: 9111314 PMCID: PMC232094 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.17.5.2458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) were studied in closely related human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC), both finite-life-span 184 cells and immortal derivatives, 184A1S, and 184A1L5R, which differ in their cell cycle responses to TGF-beta but express type I and type II TGF-beta receptors and retain TGF-beta induction of extracellular matrix. The arrest-resistant phenotype was not due to loss of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors. TGF-beta was shown to regulate p15INK4B expression at at least two levels: mRNA accumulation and protein stability. In TGF-beta-arrested HMEC, there was not only an increase in p15 mRNA but also a major increase in p5INK4B protein stability. As cdk4- and cdk6-associated p15INK4B increased during TGF-beta arrest of sensitive cells, there was a loss of cyclin D1, p21Cip1, and p27Kip1 from these kinase complexes, and cyclin E-cdk2-associated p27Kip1 increased. In HMEC, p15INK4B complexes did not contain detectable cyclin. p15INK4B from both sensitive and resistant cells could displace in vitro cyclin D1, p21Cip1, and p27Kip1 from cdk4 isolated from sensitive cells. Cyclin D1 could not be displaced from cdk4 in the resistant 184A1L5R cell lysates. Thus, in TGF-beta arrest, p15INK4B may displace already associated cyclin D1 from cdks and prevent new cyclin D1-cdk complexes from forming. Furthermore, p27Kip1 binding shifts from cdk4 to cyclin E-cdk2 during TGF-beta-mediated arrest. The importance of posttranslational regulation of p15INK4B by TGF-beta is underlined by the observation that in TGF-beta-resistant 184A1L5R, although the p15 transcript increased, p15INK4B protein was not stabilized and did not accumulate, and cyclin D1-cdk association and kinase activation were not inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sandhu
- Division of Cancer Biology Research, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Abstract
Two cDNAs encoding class I chitinases of rice were expressed in Escherichia coli. The cDNAs were fused to the MS2-polymerase gene in an expression vector, pEx31. The fusion proteins, expressed under the control of the lambda PL-promoter, showed the chitinase activity independent of the existence of the hevein domain. The enzymatic hydrolysis of colloidal chitin by the fusion proteins showed that the proteins were endo-type enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Pan
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea
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21
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Pan CH, Wang HZ, Hsieh KS, Liu YC. Alcaligenes xylosoxidans neonatal meningitis: a case report. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1996; 57:301-4. [PMID: 8705885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal meningitis caused by Alcaligenes xylosoxidans is associated with a high mortality rate. The causative microorganism is resistant to most antimicrobials. Generally, once the organism has been isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of the infected neonate, initial therapy with a third-generation cephalosporin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is recommended before determining its susceptibility to antimicrobials. There present this is the first of neonatal meningitis with transient diabetes insipidus cause by A. xylosoxidans. The patient was treated with dDAVP for seven days and a combination of imipenem plus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 28 days. The patient was discharged in a stable condition and the end of that time, but with sequelae of hydrocephalus and hearing impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Veterans General Hospital-Kaobsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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22
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Slingerland JM, Hengst L, Pan CH, Alexander D, Stampfer MR, Reed SI. A novel inhibitor of cyclin-Cdk activity detected in transforming growth factor beta-arrested epithelial cells. Mol Cell Biol 1994; 14:3683-94. [PMID: 8196612 PMCID: PMC358736 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.14.6.3683-3694.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a potent inhibitor of epithelial cell growth. Cyclins E and A in association with Cdk2 have been shown to play a role in the G1-to-S phase transition in mammalian cells. We have studied the effects of TGF-beta-mediated growth arrest on G1/S cyclins E and A. Inhibition of cyclin A-associated kinase by TGF-beta is primarily due to a decrease in cyclin A mRNA and protein. By contrast, while TGF-beta inhibits accumulation of cyclin E mRNA, the reduction in cyclin E protein is minimal. Instead, we find that the activation of cyclin E-associated kinase that normally accompanies the G1-to-S phase transition is inhibited. A novel inhibitor of cyclin-Cdk complexes was detected in TGF-beta-treated cell lysates. Inhibition is mediated by a heat-stable protein that targets both Cdk2 and Cdc2 kinases. In G0-arrested cells, a similar inhibitor of Cdk2 kinase was detected. These data suggest the existence of an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases induced under different conditions to mediate antiproliferative responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Slingerland
- Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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23
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Stampfer MR, Pan CH, Hosoda J, Bartholomew J, Mendelsohn J, Yaswen P. Blockage of EGF receptor signal transduction causes reversible arrest of normal and immortal human mammary epithelial cells with synchronous reentry into the cell cycle. Exp Cell Res 1993; 208:175-88. [PMID: 7689475 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1993.1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that blockage of EGF receptor signal transduction is sufficient by itself to cause a rapid, efficient, and reversible G0-like growth arrest of normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) of finite lifespan as well as two immortally transformed cell lines derived from normal HMEC following in vitro transformation with benzo[a]pyrene. For normal HMEC, the significant level of endogenous production of TGF alpha requires utilization of blocking antibodies to the EGF receptor to achieve cessation of growth in mass culture, whereas removal of EGF is sufficient to arrest the immortal cell lines. In the growth-arrested cells, protein synthesis remains depressed; reexposure to EGF leads to a rapid increase in protein synthesis. Inhibition of DNA synthesis is not detectable until approximately 12 h after removal of EGF/TGF alpha and is pronounced by 24 h. Reexposure to EGF produces high levels of synthesis of the early response genes, c-myc, c-fos, c-jun, and MGSA, within 1 h. DNA synthesis increases only after 10 h, with a sharp peak after 15-20 h. Reexposure of the growth-arrested normal HMEC for 1 h with EGF allows a majority of the cells capable of cycling to subsequently enter the S phase. Little is currently known about cell cycle control in normal human epithelial cells. The efficient and gentle method of achieving reversible G0 growth arrest reported here may facilitate studies on the cell cycle of this cell type. Additionally, results from normal HMEC can be compared with those from syngeneic immortalized cell populations to determine possible cell cycle parameters altered as a result of immortal transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Stampfer
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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24
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Pan IC, Huang TS, Pan CH, Chern SY, Lee SH, Lin YL, Huang BY, Lin CC, Li NJ, Lin JP. The skin, tongue, and brain as favorable organs for hog cholera diagnosis by immunofluorescence. Arch Virol 1993; 131:475-81. [PMID: 8347086 DOI: 10.1007/bf01378648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hog cholera virus antigens were found densely distributed in skin and tongue of pigs experimentally infected with hog cholera virus. The finding described here warrants the usage of ear biopsies for hog cholera diagnosis on a herd basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Pan
- Taiwan Provincial Research Institute for Animal Health, Tansui
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25
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Pan CH, Wong WJ. [Clinical investigation by transcranial Doppler sonography of the effect of norepinephrine on cerebral arterial blood velocity of normotensive males]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1993; 52:166-71. [PMID: 7902775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography is a new, non-invasive method for evaluation of the hemodynamics of cerebral circulation. Using a 2-MHz probe, the intracranial middle, posterior, vertebral and basilar arteries can be isolated easily to obtain parameters of systolic, diastolic, mean velocities and pulsatility index (PI). Changes of blood velocities and PI can assist evaluation of the condition of intracranial arterial spasm, dilatation and cerebral vascular resistance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hemodynamic effect of norepinephrine (NE) on cerebral circulation. Eighteen normotensive male healthy volunteers (mean age 42 years) were studied with TCD before and during NE infusion (13-16 micrograms/min). Results showed that systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure were increased significantly during NE infusion. Blood velocities of middle, posterior, vertebral and basilar arteries also increased markedly. Increased cerebral vascular resistance with elevation of PI was also noted in all of the persons studied. These findings provide evidence that NE infusion induces intracerebral vasospasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Pan
- Department of Neurology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
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26
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Pan CH, Chen TJ, Chen SS. [Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in diabetes mellitus]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1992; 49:244-52. [PMID: 1318148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that diabetic patients develop peripheral and autonomic neuropathy, and recent review has also suggested the occurrence of central pathway abnormality in diabetics. In this article, we conducted the BAEP study on 61 cases of NIDDM and 11 cases of IDDM. Peak latency, interpeak latency (IPL) and peak amplitude of BAEPs were analyzed in each case. For further correlation, the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities of median nerve, the blood sugar, the serum HbA1c were measured. Two nondiabetic groups, age and sex matched with NIDDM and IDDM groups, were used as control. In NIDDM group, the results showed prolongation of all peak latency and IPL except peak latency of wave II and wave IV in the left side and bilateral IPL III-V. There was no statistically significant amplitude difference between NIDDM and age-matched control group. The result of IDDM group revealed prolongation of all peak latency and IPL, except the right IPL III-V. As for amplitude, waves III and V in the right side and waves I and V in the left side were reduced as compared with the age-matched young control group. There was no statistically significant difference in all peak latencies and IPLs between NIDDM and IDDM groups. In both groups of NIDDM and IDDM, the MNCV and SNCV of median nerve were significantly delayed in conduction. The prolongation of III and V peak latency had a linear correlation with their amplitude reduction. In conclusion, both peripheral and central conduction dysfunction occur in both IDDM and NIDDM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Pan
- Department of Neurology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital
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27
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Pan CH, Liaw YH, Wong EF, Chen SS. [Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in the stroke patients after glycerol and mannitol infusion]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1990; 46:86-90. [PMID: 2177369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study included 43 patients with stroke in a range of 48 to 85 years of age. Among them, 24 were male and 19 were female. Changes in blood pressure, plasma ANF (by radioimmunoassay), serum sodium, and serum osmolarity before and 40 minutes after hyperosmotic agents infusion were studied. The stroke was classified to be putaminal hemorrhage in 12 cases, thalamic hemorrhage in 5 cases, putaminothalamic hemorrhage in 2 cases, lobar hematoma in 2 cases, cerebral infarction in 20 cases and brainstem ischemic stroke in 2 cases. Twenty-nine patients received glycerol and the other fourteen received mannitol. After glycerol or mannitol infusion, the plasma ANF raised significantly (P less than 0.05, paired Student's test), also the serum osmolarity (P less than 0.05, paired Student's t test), but the blood pressure and serum sodium kept unchanged. Either before or after the hyperosmotic agents, no significant difference in plasma ANF was noted between the hemorrhagic and infarction patients, between the right and the left hemispheric stroke, or between male and female patients. We did not observe age-related (less than 65 or greater than 65 years) difference in plasma ANF concentration in this study, either.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Pan
- Department of Neurology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
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28
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Abstract
Two cases of simultaneous occurrence of myasthenia gravis (MG) and thymolipoma are described and 4 previously reported cases are reviewed. In all 6 cases, thymectomy was performed. Pre- and postoperatively, the clinical status of the patients was similar to that of late-onset MG without thymolipoma. It is possible that simultaneous occurrence of MG and thymolipoma may be coincidental.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Pan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Pan CH, Chee CY, Hsi MS, Chen SS. [Clinical application of C-reactive protein in meningoencephalitis]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1988; 41:67-70. [PMID: 3139264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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30
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Pan CH, Tsai JJ, Chee CY, Hsi MS, Luo SF. [Severe diphenylhydantoin hypersensitivity: analysis of 11 cases]. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1987; 86:750-8. [PMID: 3681242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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31
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Dingerdissen JJ, Sitrin RD, DePhillips PA, Giovenella AJ, Grappel SF, Mehta RJ, Oh YK, Pan CH, Roberts GD, Shearer MC. Actinoidin A2, a novel glycopeptide: production, preparative HPLC separation and characterization. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1987; 40:165-72. [PMID: 3570965 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.40.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An unidentified Nocardia sp. (SK&F-AAJ-193) was isolated and found to produce actinoidin A and a novel analog which we have named actinoidin A2. This new glycopeptide antibiotic differs from actinoidin A by the presence of rhamnose instead of acosamine. This analog was isolated using Dianion HP-20 resin followed by a specific glycopeptide affinity column (Affigel-10-D-Ala-D-Ala). The purification was accomplished using preparative ion-pairing chromatography. Actinoidin A2 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococci although it is less potent than actinoidin A.
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32
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Shearer MC, Giovenella AJ, Grappel SF, Hedde RD, Mehta RJ, Oh YK, Pan CH, Pitkin DH, Nisbet LJ. Kibdelins, novel glycopeptide antibiotics. I. Discovery, production, and biological evaluation. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1986; 39:1386-94. [PMID: 3781909 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.39.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A new subspecies of Kibdelosporangium aridum subsp. largum (SK&F AAD-609), was isolated and shown to produce novel glycopeptides related to aridicins, but containing a homologous series of glycolipids based on N-acylglucosamine. These compounds showed improvements over the aridicins in in vitro activity and were effective in mouse protection studies against a range of Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin resistant staphylococci. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that they have high serum concentrations and long-acting potential. The kibdelin complex modified rumen metabolism in a manner favorable for growth promotion.
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33
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Zhu GF, Li ZD, Li DR, Hong SF, Yu CZ, Song GC, He JF, Pan CH. Some biological properties of virus strains isolated from hemorrhagic fever patients with renal syndrome. Chin Med J (Engl) 1986; 99:653-6. [PMID: 2879712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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34
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Pan CH, Chee CY, Pai SC. Radiologic evaluation of thymus in myasthenia gravis. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1986; 85:577-88. [PMID: 3463662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Pan CH, Ryu SJ, Hsi MS, Huang MJ, Lui CC. Regression of pituitary enlargement after thyroxine replacement therapy in cretinism--a case report. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1986; 85:495-506. [PMID: 3463657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Shearer MC, Actor P, Bowie BA, Grappel SF, Nash CH, Newman DJ, Oh YK, Pan CH, Nisbet LJ. Aridicins, novel glycopeptide antibiotics. I. Taxonomy, production and biological activity. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1985; 38:555-60. [PMID: 4019307 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.38.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new species of a new genus of the Actinomycetales was discovered, Kibdelosporangium aridum. This strain produces a new family of glycopeptide antibiotics designated aridicins, that contain an unusual glycolipid constituent. They inhibit Gram-positive bacteria, including staphylococci, enterococci and Clostridium sp.
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Nisbet LJ, Mehta RJ, Oh Y, Pan CH, Phelen CG, Polansky MJ, Shearer MC, Giovenella AJ, Grappel SF. Chlorocardicin, a monocyclic beta-lactam from a Streptomyces sp. I. Discovery, production and biological activities. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1985; 38:133-8. [PMID: 3922933 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.38.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorocardicin is a new monocyclic beta-lactam produced by a Streptomyces sp. It is structurally related to nocardicin A but differs in having a m-chloro substituent on the p-hydroxyphenylglycine unit. The biological activity of chlorocardicin was similar to nocardicin A but the former showed less antagonism in complex media. Moderate in vitro activity was observed against Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chlorocardicin showed low activity against Staphylococcus aureus whereas nocardicin A was inactive. Both compounds were shown to be strongly potentiated by antibiotics that inhibit peptidoglycan biosynthesis and were antagonized by selected L- and D-amino acids.
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Pan CH, Chen W, Chiang TP. [Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome and intussusception--a case report]. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1984; 83:1058-1063. [PMID: 6597268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Pan CH, Gause RL, Whitaker AF. Materials: tribology experiment in zero gravity. Science 1984; 225:202-3. [PMID: 17837943 DOI: 10.1126/science.225.4658.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A tribology experiment in zero gravity was performed during the orbital flight of Spacelab 1 to study the motion of liquid lubricants over solid surfaces. The absence of a significant gravitational force facilitates studies of the motion of liquid lubricants over solid surfaces as controlled by interfacial and capillary forces. Observations were made of phenomena associated with the liquid on one solid surface and also with the liquid between a pair of closely spaced surfaces. Typical photographic records obtained on Spacelab 1 are described.
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Tsao TC, Tsou YS, Lu ZX, Kung TH, Pan CH. Demonstration of the existence of tropomyosin and actin in the thin filaments of striated muscle by direct isolation. Sci Sin 1965; 14:1707-1709. [PMID: 5894034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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