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Peng CY, Li MS, Li YW, Xu C. [Current status and prospects of non-surgical treatment for fecal incontinence]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2023; 26:1138-1142. [PMID: 38110275 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn441530-20230908-00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Fecal incontinence is a refractory disease in colorectal surgery. The main clinical manifestation is that patients cannot control the discharge of gas, solid or liquid feces in the rectum autonomously. It is easy to bring shame to patients and seriously affect their physical and mental health. Reducing the frequency of fecal incontinence, restoring anal sphincter function, and improving patient quality of life are important goals for treating fecal incontinence. With the development of medical technology and the improvement of treatment plans for fecal incontinence, patients with fecal incontinence usually undergo conservative treatment first, and if conservative treatment is ineffective, surgery can be chosen. Non-surgical treatment methods commonly used in clinical practice include biofeedback therapy, magnetic stimulation therapy, pelvic floor muscle training, anal sphincter training, Kegel training, and other rehabilitation treatments. This article discusses the non-surgical treatment methods for fecal incontinence, hoping to provide a choice for clinical treatment of fecal incontinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Peng
- Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - M S Li
- Department of colorectal surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center,Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Y W Li
- Department of colorectal surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center,Tianjin 300121, China
| | - C Xu
- Department of colorectal surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center,Tianjin 300121, China
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Li LJ, Peng CY, Li ZY, Liu P, Yan CL, Zhao ZT. [Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of allergens with allergic skin diseases in a hospital in Beijing City from 2017 to 2021]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 57:2188-2195. [PMID: 38186175 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20230825-00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: In order to provide valuable information for the diagnosis and treatment of dermatitis, the prevalence rate and trend changes of common allergens in patients with allergic skin diseases in Beijing City were investigated and analyzed. Methods: This study was a retrospective data collection study. A total of 2 822 patients diagnosed with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis with allergen examinations were collected from Peking University First Hospital from 2017 to 2021, most of them were adults, and 83%(2 340/2 822) were over 18 years old. The ImmunoCAP fluorescent enzyme-linked immunoassay system was used to quantify specific IgE. The positive rate of each allergen was counted according to age, gender and year. The epidemiological characteristics and trends were analyzed. Results: In the past five years, 22 503 allergen-specific IgE test data were collected, and the positive rate of allergens in 40%(1 122/2 822) of the 2 822 patients was mainly multiple sensitization, the positive rate of allergens and multiple sensitization rates were the highest in people aged 13-18 years old. The 2 822 patients were dominated by inhaled allergens, and the highest positive rate was inhaled mixture (29.3%). The top five positive rates of inhaled allergens were Dermatophagoides farina (26.7%), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (25.5%), Mugwort (23.9%), Birch pollen (19.2%) and Siberian cocklebur (18.2%). The top five positive rates of food allergens were shrimp (15.2%), peanut (14.8%), sesame (14.7%), wheat (13.2%) and milk (13.1%). Analysis of the positive rate of allergens in different age groups showed except for the positive rate of birch pollen peaked at 3-12 years old, other inhaled allergens were the highest food allergens in 13-18 years old. Among food allergens, the positive rates of fx5, milk, egg and wheat were the highest in <3 years old, the positive rate decreased gradually with age, and the positive rate of other food allergens peaked at 13-18 years old, and the shrimp and crab was the highest in adult. The positive rate of various allergens in the 2 822 patients showed little difference between male and female and the male was slightly higher than female. In the past five years, the positive rate of allergens has been on the rise. The changes of inhaled allergens in cat/dog hair dander, Dermatophagoides farina and cicadas were large, while the positive rate of food allergens was stable. Conclusions: The etiology of the allergic skin diseases is complex, which may be related to allergen exposure, heredity, immunity, environmental factors, abnormal skin barrier function, etc. This study showed the distribution of allergens in patients with allergic skin diseases in Beijing City to a certain extent. It provided epidemiological data and clinical evidence for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - C Y Peng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing 100034, China Peking University School of Nursing, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Z Y Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - P Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - C L Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Z T Zhao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
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Luan TT, Peng CY, Song XT, Liao SL, Zhao ZT. [Validation study of the Chinese version of atopic dermatitis control tool]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 57:422-426. [PMID: 36922177 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20221019-01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
To assess the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the Chinese version of the atopic dermatitis control tool (ADCT). After this study obtained authorization for the Chinese version of the ADCT scale. 114 patients with atopic dermatitis were enrolled from the Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital using convenience sampling from October 2022. Patients were surveyed using the General Information Questionnaire, Chinese version of ADCT, patient-oriented eczema measure (POEM),peak pruritus numerical rating scale (PP-NRS),dermatology life quality index (DLQI) and the global patient self-assessment for disease severity. Mann-Whitney rank sum test and Spearman correlation analysis were used for item analysis; content validity was assessed using content validity index (CVI); exploratory factor analysis was used to assess structural validity; Cronbach' alpha coefficient was used to assess internal consistency; Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation of ADCT with other scales to assess external responsiveness. The results showed that all items were retained by item analysis. I-CVI was 0.9-1, and S-CVI/Average was 0.983; the scale extracted one common factor by factor analysis, the cumulative variance explanation rate was 77.927%; the Cronbach' alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.937; the correlation coefficients of the Chinese version of ADCT with POEM, PP-NRS, and DLQI were 0.805, 0.861, and 0.709 respectively. In conclusion, the Chinese version of the ADCT has adequate reliability, validity and responsiveness, and is suitable for measuring disease control in Chinese patients with atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Luan
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing 100034, China Peking University School of Nursing, Beijing 100191, China
| | - C Y Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing 100034, China Peking University School of Nursing, Beijing 100191, China
| | - X T Song
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
| | - S L Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Z T Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
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Shi R, Tian C, Zhu X, Peng CY, Mei B, He L, Du XL, Jiang Z, Chen Y, Dai S. Achieving an exceptionally high loading of isolated cobalt single atoms on a porous carbon matrix for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2585-2591. [PMID: 30996973 PMCID: PMC6428031 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05540h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have shown great potential in a wide variety of chemical reactions and become the most active new frontier in catalysis due to the maximum efficiency of metal atom use. The key obstacle in preparing SAs lies in the development of appropriate supports that can avoid aggregation or sintering during synthetic procedures. As such, achieving high loadings of isolated SAs is nontrivial and challenging. Conventional methods usually afford the formation of SAs with extremely low loadings (less than 1.5 wt%). In this work, a new in situ preparation strategy that enables the synthesis of isolated cobalt (Co) SAs with an exceptionally high metal loading, up to 5.9 wt%, is developed. The approach is based on a simple one-step pyrolysis of a nitrogen-enriched molecular carbon precursor (1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene hexacarbonitrile) and CoCl2. Furthermore, due to the successful electron transfer from carbon nitride to the isolated Co SAs, we demonstrate a high-performance photocatalytic H2 production using Co SAs as a co-catalyst, and the evolution rate is measured to be 1180 μmol g-1 h-1. We anticipate that this new study will inspire the discovery of more isolated SACs with high metal loadings, evidently advancing the development of this emerging type of advanced catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China .
| | - Chengcheng Tian
- Chemical Sciences Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , TN 37831 , USA .
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Chemical Sciences Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , TN 37831 , USA . .,State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation , Suzhou Research Institute of Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou , 730000 , China . .,Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , USA . ;
| | - Cheng-Yun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China .
| | - Bingbao Mei
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility , Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204 , China
| | - Lin He
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation , Suzhou Research Institute of Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou , 730000 , China .
| | - Xian-Long Du
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility , Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204 , China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility , Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204 , China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China .
| | - Sheng Dai
- Chemical Sciences Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , TN 37831 , USA .
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Chen QQ, Li Q, Hou CC, Wang CJ, Peng CY, López N, Chen Y. Enhancing electrostatic interactions to activate polar molecules: ammonia borane methanolysis on a Cu/Co(OH)2 nanohybrid. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00584f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cu/Co(OH)2 was prepared from an in situ method and the electrostatic interaction arising from the MSI was controlled by the Cu/Co ratio. The optimized catalyst exhibits a high catalytic performance for AB methanolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials & HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catolonia
- ICIQ
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Chun-Chao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials & HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials & HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Yun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials & HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Núria López
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catolonia
- ICIQ
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials & HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
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Peng CY, Hou CC, Chen QQ, Wang CJ, Lv XJ, Zhong J, Fu WF, Che CM, Chen Y. Cu(OH) 2 supported on Fe(OH) 3 as a synergistic and highly efficient system for the dehydrogenation of ammonia-borane. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:1583-1590. [PMID: 36751080 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we first describe the physical mixture of Cu(OH)2/Fe(OH)3 as a composite catalyst precursor for the dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB) in methanol. During the initial period of catalytic reaction, Cu nanoparticles were formed in-situ. The catalytic activity of Cu nanoparticles can be significantly enhanced with the assistance of Fe species and OH-. A maximum turnover frequency (TOF) of 50.3 molH2 moltotal metal-1 min-1 (135.6 molH2 molCu-1 min-1) was achieved at ambient temperature, which is superior to those of previously reported Fe or Cu based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials & HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chun-Chao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials & HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qian-Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials & HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuan-Jun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials & HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen-Fu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials & HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials & HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Lee CL, Yang JC, Peng CY, Wu YC. Anti-metastatic and anti-allergic spirostanol saponins from Solanum macaonense and S. torvum. Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CL Lee
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - JC Yang
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - CY Peng
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - YC Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Natural Products & Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chen YC, Peng CY, Jeng WJ, Chien RN, Liaw YF. Clinical outcomes after interruption of entecavir therapy in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients with compensated cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 42:1182-91. [PMID: 26381928 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy may reduce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B patients with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. AIM To investigate in a retrospective-prospective study whether this beneficial effect would be reduced in cirrhotic patients who discontinued a successful course of entecavir (ETV) therapy. METHODS The study included 586 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative patients with compensated cirrhosis, mean age of 53.8 ± 10 years and 81% males, treated with ETV for at least 12 months. After ETV therapy for 46.5 ± 22.9 months, 205 patients who achieved hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA suppression discontinued therapy. The clinical outcomes were assessed and HCC incidence was compared between propensity score (PS)-matched patients who continued and patients who discontinued ETV therapy by Asian Pacific Association for the Study of Liver stopping rule. RESULTS During a mean duration of 59.3 ± 19 months after start of ETV therapy, nine and six HCC developed in an estimated annual incidence of 2.3% and 1.6% in 154 PS-matched patients who continued and who discontinued ETV therapy, respectively (P = 0.587). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses showed that age (HR 1.065, P < 0.001) and HBV DNA (HR 1.216, P = 0.048) were the significant factors for HCC development. The rates of adverse clinical outcomes were comparable. CONCLUSIONS The clinical outcomes, including HCC, after cessation of a successful course of entecavir therapy in patients with compensated cirrhosis were comparable to those who continued therapy. The results suggest that this strategy of finite therapy is safe and a feasible alternative to indefinite therapy, especially in a low resources setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chen
- Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C Y Peng
- School of Medicine, Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W J Jeng
- Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - R N Chien
- Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Y F Liaw
- Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen CC, Chang FC, Peng CY, Wang HP. Conducting glasses recovered from thin film transistor liquid crystal display wastes for dye-sensitized solar cell cathodes. Environ Technol 2014; 36:3008-3012. [PMID: 25399759 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.982206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conductive glasses such as thin film transistor (TFT) array and colour filter glasses were recovered from the TFT-liquid crystal display panel wastes by dismantling and sonic cleaning. Noble metals (i.e. platinum (Pt)) and indium tin oxide (ITO) are generally used in the cathode of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). To reduce the DSSC cost, Pt was replaced with nano nickel-encapsulated carbon-shell (Ni@C) nanoparticles, which were prepared by carbonization of Ni²⁺-β-cyclodextrin at 673 K for 2 h. The recovered conductive glasses were used in the DSSC electrodes in the substitution of relatively expensive ITO. Interestingly, the efficiency of the DSSC having the Ni@C-coated cathode is as high as 2.54%. Moreover, the cost of the DSSC using the recovered materials can be reduced by at least 24%.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-C Chen
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 70101 , Taiwan
| | - F-C Chang
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 70101 , Taiwan
- b The Experimental Forest , National Taiwan University , Nan-Tou 55750 , Taiwan
| | - C Y Peng
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 70101 , Taiwan
| | - H Paul Wang
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 70101 , Taiwan
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Yang JC, He Q, Suresha SJ, Kuo CY, Peng CY, Haislmaier RC, Motyka MA, Sheng G, Adamo C, Lin HJ, Hu Z, Chang L, Tjeng LH, Arenholz E, Podraza NJ, Bernhagen M, Uecker R, Schlom DG, Gopalan V, Chen LQ, Chen CT, Ramesh R, Chu YH. Orthorhombic BiFeO3. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:247606. [PMID: 23368382 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.247606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A new orthorhombic phase of the multiferroic BiFeO3 has been created via strain engineering by growing it on a NdScO(3)(110)(o) substrate. The tensile-strained orthorhombic BiFeO3 phase is ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic at room temperature. A combination of nonlinear optical second harmonic generation and piezoresponse force microscopy revealed that the ferroelectric polarization in the orthorhombic phase is along the in-plane {110}(pc) directions. In addition, the corresponding rotation of the antiferromagnetic axis in this new phase was observed using x-ray linear dichroism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Poon KS, Chen TH, Jeng LB, Yang HR, Li PC, Lee CC, Yeh CC, Lai HC, Su WP, Peng CY, Chen YF, Ho YJ, Tsai PP. A high model for end-stage liver disease score should not be considered a contraindication to living donor liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2012; 44:316-9. [PMID: 22410005 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the outcomes of patients with high Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores who underwent adult-to-adult live donor liver transplantation (A-A LDLT). MATERIALS AND METHODS From September 2002 to October 2010, a total of 152 adult patients underwent A-A LDLT in our institution. Recipients were stratified into a low MELD score group (Group L; MELD score≤30) and a high MELD score group (Group H; MELD score>30) to compare short-term and long-term outcomes. RESULTS Of the 152 adult patients who underwent A-A LDLT, 9 were excluded from the analysis because they received ABO-incompatible grafts. Group H comprised 23 and Group L 120 patients. The median follow-up was 21.5 months (range, 3 to 102 m). The mean MELD score was 15.6 in Group L and 36.7 in Group H. There were no significant differences in the mean length of stay in the intensive care unit (Group L: 3.01 days vs Group H: 3.09 days, P=.932) or mean length of hospital stay (Group L: 17.89 days vs. Group H: 19.91 days, P=0.409). There were no significant differences in 1-, 3-, or 5-year survivals between patients in Groups L versus H (91.5% vs 94.7%; 86.4% vs 94.7%; and 86.4% vs 94.7%; P=.3476, log rank). CONCLUSION The short-term and long-term outcomes of patients with high MELD scores who underwent A-A LDLT were similar to those of patients with low MELD scores. Therefore, we suggest that high MELD scores are not a contraindication to LDLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-S Poon
- Organ Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hser Y, Du J, Li J, Zhao M, Chang YJ, Peng CY, Evans E. Hepatitis C among methadone maintenance treatment patients in Shanghai and Kunming, China. J Public Health (Oxf) 2011; 34:24-31. [PMID: 22138488 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdr098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to: (1) document the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients in Kunming and Shanghai; (2) examine risk factors for HCV by comparing those who tested positive with those who were negative and (3) examine if HCV serostatus is related to attitudes toward MMT. METHODS Using data collected from 306 patients admitted to MMT in 2009-2010 in Shanghai and Kunming, we compared HCV-positive and HCV-negative patients (based on clinical records) on their HCV knowledge and risk behaviors and attitudes toward MMT. RESULTS The HCV seropositive rate was 53.3% (51.3% in Shanghai and 55.5% in Kunming) and a majority of patients did not know their serostatus. Patients scored on average fewer than 6 correct out of the 20 items in the HCV knowledge questionnaire. Recent injection use and length of opiate use were strong predictors of HCV status, while no differences were found between HCV-positive and HCV-negative individuals in sexual risks or HCV knowledge. Both groups expressed similar views toward MMT. CONCLUSION The high HCV prevalence and the general lack of knowledge about HCV infection, transmission and treatment suggest the need to provide HCV education and health promotion programs among patients in MMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hser
- University of California, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA.
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Peng CY, Long XY, Lu GX. Association of AR rs6152G/A gene polymorphism with susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese women. Reprod Fertil Dev 2010; 22:881-5. [PMID: 20450840 DOI: 10.1071/rd09190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperandrogenism is a central feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Androgens act via the androgen receptor (AR). The rs6152G/A AR gene polymorphism has been reported to be associated with male pattern baldness (MPB), which is a common characteristic of males in PCOS families. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the rs6152G/A polymorphism and PCOS in Han Chinese women. The rs6152G/A AR gene polymorphism was screened by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in 224 PCOS women and 223 control subjects from the Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA in China. There was a significantly higher prevalence of genotypes containing the A allele in PCOS patients compared with controls (P < 0.05). Patients carrying the rs6152A allele had a 1.608-fold greater risk of developing polycystic ovary syndrome compared with rs6152GG homozygotes (OR = 1.608, CI = 1.008-2.597, P < 0.05). In conclusion, the individuals carrying the rs6152A allele had significantly higher susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome than those that were GG homozygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Peng
- Institute of Human Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
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14
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Abstract
This paper optimizes the performance of the growing cell structures (GCS) model in learning topology and vector quantization. Each node in GCS is attached with a resource counter. During the competitive learning process, the counter of the best-matching node is increased by a defined resource measure after each input presentation, and then all resource counters are decayed by a factor alpha. We show that the summation of all resource counters conserves. This conservation principle provides useful clues for exploring important characteristics of GCS, which in turn provide an insight into how the GCS can be optimized. In the context of information entropy, we show that performance of GCS in learning topology and vector quantization can be optimized by using alpha=0 incorporated with a threshold-free node-removal scheme, regardless of input data being stationary or nonstationary. The meaning of optimization is twofold: (1) for learning topology, the information entropy is maximized in terms of equiprobable criterion and (2) for leaning vector quantization, the use is minimized in terms of equi-error criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Wang
- Dept. of Electr. Eng., Nat. Taiwan Ocean Univ., Keelung
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15
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Peng CY, Long XY, Lu GX. EL-001 Rs6152G/a polymorphism of androgen receptor gene and polycystic ovary syndrome. Reprod Biomed Online 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61567-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Peng CY, Woodworth AA, Stinespring CD. Method for rapid determination of ion gauge sensitivity factors. Rev Sci Instrum 2007; 78:113908. [PMID: 18052489 DOI: 10.1063/1.2814158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In ultrahigh vacuum thin film growth processes using gas phase growth precursors, the pressure of the gas at or near the substrate is a critical parameter since it is directly related to the collision frequency of the precursor with the substrate and ultimately to the growth rate. These pressures are usually measured using a nude Bayrd-Alpert-type ion gauges, which are generally calibrated for nitrogen. Consequently, it is necessary to know the ion gauge sensitivity factor that relates the measured pressure to the actual pressure of the growth precursor. The purpose of this article is to describe a simple method to obtain such sensitivity factors. This method uses a simple gas manifold comprised of equipment commonly found in laboratory settings where ultrahigh vacuum work is performed. Results are reported for dimethyl silane, monomethyl silane, methane, and hydrogen. The gauge sensitivity factors for the latter two gases are known and, therefore, provide a basis for validating the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Peng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6102, USA
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17
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Hsiao MC, Wang HP, Chang JE, Peng CY. Tracking of copper species in incineration fly ashes. J Hazard Mater 2006; 138:539-42. [PMID: 16839673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Revised: 05/25/2006] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Speciation of copper in the incineration waste heat boiler (HB) and the down stream electrostatic precipitator (EP) fly ashes during the flue gas cooling down (1123-->473 K) has been studied by X-ray absorption near edge structural (XANES) spectroscopy in the present work. Copper species such as Cu(OH)(2) (59-67%), CuCl(2) (5-12%), CuO (24-26%), and a small amount of CuS (3-4%) in fly ashes were determined by semi-quantitative analyses of the XANES spectra. In the toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) tests, about 83 and 20% of copper were leached from the EP and HB fly ashes, respectively. The relatively high leachability of copper for the EP fly ash might be due to the fact that CuCl(2) was enriched on the surfaces as observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). On the contrary, CuCl(2) was mainly encapsulated in the HB fly ashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hsiao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan.
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19
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Abstract
The principal aim of this paper is to develop and evaluate an approach to obtain nitrogen removal bypassing nitrate. The method is based on the addition of sodium chloride (NaCI), selective inhibitor of nitrite oxidizers, to influent. Validation of the new method was conducted on laboratory-scale experiments applying the SBR activated sludge process to domestic wastewater with low C/N ratio. With the aerobic-anoxic sequence, three parallel SBRs achieving complete nitrification-denitrification are dosed by a certain concentration of NaCI to influent. The high nitrite accumulation, depending on the salinity in the influent and the application duration of salt, was obtained in SBRs treating saline wastewater. Optimum dosage and application duration of salt, which interact to determine the performance and stabilization of nitrite accumulation, were determined by experiment. In order to evaluate the method, the response of the biological treatment system to salt concentration was also explored. The repeatability of the method was further verified under various operational conditions. Microbial population tests supported the presumption that nitrite oxidizers are inhibited by salt addition and washed out of the system. The presented method is valuable to offer a solution to realize nitrogen removal via nitrite under normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Cui
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing P.R. China.
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Peng YZ, Chen Y, Peng CY, Liu M, Wang SY, Song XQ, Cu YW. Nitrite accumulation by aeration controlled in sequencing batch reactors treating domestic wastewater. Water Sci Technol 2004; 50:35-43. [PMID: 15656293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of obtaining and keeping stable nitrite accumulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBRs) treating domestic wastewater is studied. The final product of ammonium oxidation is either reproducible nitrate or nitrite depending on the aeration strategy. With the aerobic-anoxic sequence, two SBRs fed with domestic wastewater are operated in parallel. One SBR (SBR1) is controlled by the aeration control strategy, and the other SBR (SBR2) by alternate aeration control strategy. Based on the on-line indirect measurements of DO and pH, the relationship between pH (or DO) and nitrogen concentration (NH4+-N, NO(3-)-N and NO(2-)-N) is investigated. The result indicates that pH and DO can be used as control parameters for the real-time aeration control strategy to obtain nitritation in SBR treating domestic wastewater. The result of SBR1 indicates that long-term stable nitritation is possible at 32+/-1 degrees C. The result of SBR2 indicates that the aeration control strategy is necessary for nitritation during the acclimation period, because the nitrite accumulation disappears when the aeration is extended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Peng
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China 100022.
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Li YZ, Peng CY, Peng YZ, Wang P. Nitrogen removal from pharmaceutical manufacturing wastewater via nitrite and the process optimization with on-line control. Water Sci Technol 2004; 50:25-30. [PMID: 15536986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, laboratory scale experiments were conducted to investigate the nitrogen removal from pharmaceutical manufacturing wastewater. The results indicate that by selective inhibition of free ammonia on oxidizers, nitrogen removal can be achieved by nitritation and denitritation process. The nitrite ratio was above 98% in the aerobic stage and the nitrogen removal efficiency was about 99%. The complete ammonia removal corresponded exactly to the "Ammonia Valley" in the pH versus time graphic and the anoxic reaction was completed when the "Nitrite Knee" appeared in the ORP versus time graphic. Optimization of the SBR cycle by step-feed and on-line control with pH and ORP strategy allowed the carbon and energy saving. The easy operation and the low cost make the SBR system an interesting option for the biological nitrogen removal from the pharmaceutical manufacturing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Li
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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Peng YZ, Li YZ, Peng CY, Wang SY. Nitrogen removal from pharmaceutical manufacturing wastewater with high concentration of ammonia and free ammonia via partial nitrification and denitrification. Water Sci Technol 2004; 50:31-36. [PMID: 15536987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, laboratory-scale experiments were conducted applying a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) activated sludge process to a wastewater stream from a pharmaceutical factory. Nitrogen removal can be achieved via partial nitrification and denitrification and the efficiency was above 99% at 23 degrees C+/-1. The experimental results indicated that the nitrite oxidizers were more sensitive than ammonia oxidizers to the free ammonia in the wastewater. The average accumulation rate of nitrite was much higher than that of nitrate. During nitrogen removal via the nitrite pathway, the end of nitrification and denitrification can be exactly decided by monitoring the variation of pH. Consequently, on-line control for nitrogen removal from the pharmaceutical manufacturing wastewater can be achieved and the cost of operation can be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Peng
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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Wang YY, Peng YZ, Peng CY, Wang SY, Zeng W. Influence of ORP variation, carbon source and nitrate concentration on denitrifying phosphorus removal by DPB sludge from dephanox process. Water Sci Technol 2004; 50:153-161. [PMID: 15656308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of added carbon source and nitrate concentration on the denitrifying phosphorus removal by denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria sludge was systematically studied using batch experiments, at the same time the variation of ORP was investigated. Results showed that the denitrifying and phosphorus uptake rate in the anoxic phase increased with the high initial anaerobic carbon source addition. However, once the initial COD concentration reached a certain level, which was in excess of the PHB saturation of Poly-p bacteria, residual COD carried over to the anoxic phase inhibited the subsequent denitrifying phosphorus uptake. This was equal to supplementing the external carbon source to the anoxic phase, furthermore the higher the external carbon source concentration the more powerful the inhibition caused. High nitrate concentration in the anoxic phase increased the initial denitrifying phosphorus rate. Oncethe nitrate was exhausted, phosphate uptake changed to phosphate release. Moreover, the time of this turning point occurred later with the higher nitrate addition. On the other hand, through on-line monitoring the variation of the ORP with different initial COD concentration, it was found that ORP could be used as a control parameter for phosphorus release, but it is impossible to utilize ORP for controlling the dinitrification and anoxic phosphorus uptake operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China 150091
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25
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Wang HC, Wang HP, Peng CY, Liu HL, Huang HL. X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies of As-humic substances in the ground water of the Taiwan blackfoot disease area. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2003; 71:798-803. [PMID: 14672134 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-003-0204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H C Wang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital-Kaoshiung, Kaoshiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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26
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Wey MY, Peng CY, Wu HY, Chiang BC, Liu ZS. Effects of different additives on the performance of spray dryer system during incineration process. Environ Technol 2002; 23:695-705. [PMID: 12118621 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2002.9619254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The spray dryer system was conventionally employed to remove the SOx, NOx, and HCl in the flue gas. However, the removal efficiency of acid gas in the practical incineration flue gas, which contains dust, heavy metals, and acid gas itself, was seldom mentioned in the literature. The alkaline sorbents possess large specific surface that was a main factor on the adsorption of heavy metals and acid gas. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was focused on the effect of different additives on the removal efficiency of acid gas and heavy metals (Cr, Cd and Pb). The mass and element size distribution of heavy metals in fly ash under different additives were also investigated. The results indicated that the removal efficiency of HCl in the spray dryer system was higher than 97.8%. The effects of additives on the removal efficiency of HCl, however, were undistinguished. In the desulfurization process, the highest removal efficiency was 71.3% when the additive of amorphous SiO2 was added in the spray dryer system. The removal efficiency was 66.0% with the additive of CaCl2 and 63.1% without any additives, respectively. It was also found that the spray dryer system could decrease the concentration of metal in fly ash but increase the amount of fly ash. In addition, amorphous SiO2 in the alkaline sorbent tended to increase the adsorption of heavy metal on reactant, because it could enhance the dispersion of alkaline sorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Wey
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the use of logistic regression in health care research. METHOD Forward and backward stepwise logistic regression algorithms were systematically applied to a real-world data set comprising 301 cancer patients and a set of explanatory variables. RESULTS Four variables were identified as effective predictors of pain reporting by cancer patients during chemotherapy: fatigue, depression, severity of colds or viral infections, and insomnia. The 4-predictor model was validated by (a) significance tests of regression coefficients at p<0.05, (b) significant improvement of this model over competing models, and (c) goodness of fit indices. CONCLUSIONS Logistic regression is useful for health-related research in which outcomes of interest are often categorical.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Peng
- Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, Indiana University-Bloomington, 47405-1006, USA.
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Abstract
Honey bee colonies typically consist of about 20-40 thousand workers, zero to few thousand males (drones), depending on the time of year, and a single queen, the mother of the colony. Workers typically live 3-6 weeks during the spring and summer and can live about 4months during the winter. Queens are longer lived. Anecdotes of queens living 2-3years are not unusual, though they normally live less than a year in commercial hives. Little is known about the life span of drones. Queens develop from fertilized eggs that are not different from the eggs that develop into workers. Queens are, however, twice as large, have specialized anatomy, live much longer, and develop faster from egg to adult. All of these differences are derived from differences in larval rearing environment, primarily nutrition. The developmental trajectory of a female larva from worker into a queen can be determined as late as the third day of larval development, after this time the developmental pathway is fixed for a worker phenotype. The total time of larval development is only 5-6 days, therefore, just 2-3 days of differential feeding can lead to profound differences in development, and longevity. Workers undergo age development after they become adults. Workers usually initiate foraging behavior when they are 2-3 weeks old. The age at which a worker initiates foraging is a strong determinant of her length of life. This is presumed to be a result of the hazards of foraging, but natural senescence also occurs. Some bees remain in the nest and are never observed to forage, thereby outliving their forager sisters. Corresponding to this behavioral development are changes in the sizes of glands and the production of glandular products, increases in biogenic amine titers within the brain, an increase in the volume of specific regions of the brain, and changes in the neural system that affect perception of stimuli, and learning and memory. These age-related changes in behavior are regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Genetic variation has been demonstrated for many of these life history and behavioral traits. Selection and genome mapping studies have demonstrated relationships between the neural system, behavior, and life history traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Page
- Department of Entomology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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29
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Wang HC, Wang HP, Peng CY, Liu SH, Yang YW. Speciation of As in the blackfoot disease endemic area. J Synchrotron Radiat 2001; 8:961-962. [PMID: 11512994 DOI: 10.1107/s090904950002063x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2000] [Accepted: 12/19/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Speciation of arsenic (As) in well water and contaminated soil in the blackfoot disease endemic area has been studied by extended X-ray absorption fine structural (EXAFS) spectroscopy in the present work. Experimentally, we found that arsenic in the well water possessed an As-O bond distance of 1.72 A with a coordination number (CN) of 4.3. In the blackfoot disease area, arsenic with a high oxidation state (As(V)) was also observed in the contaminated soil. In the early stage (after 90 minutes) of the electrokinetic remediation (EKR) of the contaminated soil, the in-situ EXAFS data indicated that the CN of As-O (1st shell) decreased slightly, that may be due to the perturbation of the incompact As atoms in the outer shells by EKR.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sharma
- Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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31
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Abstract
Drosophila neuroblasts are a model system for studying asymmetric cell division: they divide unequally to produce an apical neuroblast and a basal ganglion mother cell that differ in size, mitotic activity and developmental potential. During neuroblast mitosis, an apical protein complex orients the mitotic spindle and targets determinants of cell fate to the basal cortex, but the mechanism of each process is unknown. Here we show that the tumour-suppressor genes lethal giant larvae (lgl) and discs large (dlg) regulate basal protein targeting, but not apical complex formation or spindle orientation, in both embryonic and larval neuroblasts. Dlg protein is apically enriched and is required for maintaining cortical localization of Lgl protein. Basal protein targeting requires microfilament and myosin function, yet the lgl phenotype is strongly suppressed by reducing levels of myosin II. We conclude that Dlg and Lgl promote, and myosin II inhibits, actomyosin-dependent basal protein targeting in neuroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Peng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403, USA
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32
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Yeh CT, Lu SC, Chen TC, Peng CY, Liaw YF. Aberrant transcripts of the cyclin-dependent kinase-associated protein phosphatase in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res 2000; 60:4697-700. [PMID: 10987270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)-associated protein phosphatase (KAP) is a human dual specificity protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates Cdk2 on threonine 160 in a cyclin-dependent manner. To investigate whether mutations of this enzyme occur in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), KAP mRNA was analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), followed by cloning and sequencing. Eight of 14 biopsy tissues obtained from advanced HCC, 6 of 13 surgically removed HCC tissues, and 2 of the adjacent noncancerous tissues contained aberrant KAP transcripts. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, five of seven representative KAP mutants were shown to be defective in interacting with Cdk2. These data suggest a possible role of KAP mutations in multiple-step hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Yeh
- Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Peng CY, Batterman S. Performance evaluation of a sorbent tube sampling method using short path thermal desorption for volatile organic compounds. J Environ Monit 2000; 2:313-24. [PMID: 11249785 DOI: 10.1039/b003385p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Air sampling, using sorbents, thermal desorption and gas chromatography, is a versatile method for identifying and quantifying trace levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Thermal desorption can provide high sensitivity, appropropriate choices of sorbents and method parameters can accommodate a wide range of compounds and high humidity, and automated short-path systems can minimize artifacts, losses and carry-over effects. This study evaluates the performance of a short-path thermal desorption method for 77 VOCs using laboratory and field tests and a dual sorbent system (Tenax GR, Carbosieve SIII). Laboratory tests showed that the method requirements for ambient air sampling were easily achieved for most compounds, e.g., using the average and standard deviation across target compounds, blank emissions were < or = 0.3 ng per sorbent tube for all target compounds except benzene, toluene and phenol; the method detection limit was 0.05 +/- 0.08 ppb, reproducibility was 12 +/- 6%, linearity, as the relative standard deviation of relative response factors, was 16 +/- 9%, desorption efficiency was 99 +/- 28%, samples stored for 1-6 weeks had recoveries of 87 +/- 9%, and high humidity samples had recoveries of 102 +/- 12%. Due to sorbent, column and detector characteristics, performance was somewhat poorer for phenol groups, ketones, and nitrogen containing compounds. The laboratory results were confirmed in an analysis of replicate samples collected in two field studies that sampled ambient air along roadways and indoor air in a large office building. Replicates collected under field conditions demonstrated good agreement except for very low concentrations or large (> 41 volume) samples of high humidity air. Overall, the method provides excellent performance and satisfactory throughput for many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Peng
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2029, USA
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Peng CY, Tsai SL, Yeh CT, Hung SP, Chen MF, Chen TC, Chu CM, Liaw YF. Genetic alternations of p73 are infrequent but may occur in early stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Anticancer Res 2000; 20:1487-92. [PMID: 10928060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
p73, a structural homologue of the tumor suppressor gene, p53, has recently been identified and mapped to chromosome 1p36, where genomic loss of heterozygosity (LOH) often occurs in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To determine whether p73 is involved in the development of HCC and whether there is an inverse correlation between the mutations of p73 and p53, we examined 22 paired tumors/noncancerous liver tissues for allelic expression, LOH and mutation of p73 and for mutation of p53. p73 was biallelically expressed in noncancerous liver tissues and in 7 out of the 8 informative tumors. One tumor tissue expressed only a single allele. LOH of p73 was found in 2 out of the 11 (18%) informative cases. A tumor-specific five-nucleotide deletion mutation causing a reading frameshift/early truncation of p73 DNA-binding domain was found, in which case no concomitant mutation in the DNA-binding domain of p53 was identified. Nine out of the 22 cases (41%) contained tumor-specific mutations in the DNA-binding domain of p53. Two of the three cases with p73 genetic alternations had a tumor size of less than 2 centimeters. These results suggest that p73 is a biallelically expressed gene in the liver and that allelic loss and mutation of p73 is infrequent and may occur early in HCC. p73 is unlikely to be the putative tumor suppressor gene located at chromosome 1p36 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Peng
- Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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35
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Tai DI, Tsai SL, Chen YM, Chuang YL, Peng CY, Sheen IS, Yeh CT, Chang KS, Huang SN, Kuo GC, Liaw YF. Activation of nuclear factor kappaB in hepatitis C virus infection: implications for pathogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatology 2000; 31:656-64. [PMID: 10706556 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510310316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein is a multifunctional protein. It may bind to the death domain of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and to the cytoplasmic tail of lymphotoxin-beta receptor, implying that it may be involved in the apoptosis and anti-apoptosis signaling pathways. In vitro studies have been inconclusive regarding its ability to inhibit or enhance TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis. To address this issue, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and immunohistochemical studies were used to show the activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) in HCV-infected liver tissues and in HCV core-transfected cells. The activation of NF-kappaB was correlated with the apoptosis assays. The results showed that NF-kappaB activation could be shown in HCV-infected livers and HCV core-transfected cells. The data of EMSA correlated with those of immunohistochemical studies, which revealed a higher frequency of NF-kappaB nuclear staining in HCV-infected than in normal livers. NF-kappaB activation conferred resistance to TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in HCV core-transfected cells. Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate sensitized them to TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that HCV infection may cause anti-apoptosis by activation of NF-kappaB and implicate a mechanism by which HCV may evade the host's immune surveillance leading to viral persistence and possibly to hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Tai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Miyagi T, Peng CY, Chuang RY, Mussen EC, Spivak MS, Doi RH. Verification of oxytetracycline-resistant American foulbrood pathogen Paenibacillus larvae in the United States. J Invertebr Pathol 2000; 75:95-6. [PMID: 10631065 DOI: 10.1006/jipa.1999.4888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Miyagi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
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37
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Abstract
Experimentally, decomposition of NO on the alkalized Pd/Al2O3 catalyst is remarkably enhanced at 825-1000 K. The enhancement in N2 yield may be due to the additional basic sites on the alkalized catalyst that can trap NO molecules. However, at T > 1000 K, due to the fact that the absorbed oxygen in subsurface or bulk of Pd was involved in the formation and desorption of oxygen molecules, yield of oxygen was enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Huang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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38
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Srinivasan S, Peng CY, Nair S, Skeath JB, Spana EP, Doe CQ. Biochemical analysis of ++Prospero protein during asymmetric cell division: cortical Prospero is highly phosphorylated relative to nuclear Prospero. Dev Biol 1998; 204:478-87. [PMID: 9882484 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1998.9079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila neuroblasts are a model system for studying asymmetric cell division. Neuroblasts bud off a series of smaller progeny, called ganglion mother cells (GMCs). An essential regulator of GMC development is the Prospero homeodomain transcription factor: Prospero is asymmetrically localized to the basal cortex of the mitotic neuroblast and partitioned into the newborn GMC. Prospero is translocated into the GMC nucleus, where it is necessary to establish GMC-specific gene expression. Cortical localization of Prospero protein is observed only during mitosis; cortical localization requires entry into mitosis and cortical delocalization requires exit from mitosis. The tight correlation and functional requirement between mitosis and cortical Prospero localization suggests that mitosis-specific posttranslational modifications may be involved in regulating Prospero subcellular localization. Here we use monoclonals recognizing the N-terminal or C-terminal region of Prospero to explore its posttranslational regulation. One- and two-dimensional Western analysis reveal a complex pattern of Prospero isoforms; phosphatase assays show that there are several phosphoisoforms of Prospero. Developmental 2D Western blots, cell fractionation assays, and analysis of a missense prospero mutation show that cortical Prospero protein is highly phosphorylated compared to nuclear Prospero protein. Our results are consistent with two functions of Prospero phosphorylation: (i) phosphorylation may be required for Prospero cortical localization; or (ii) phosphorylation may be a consequence of Prospero cortical localization, in which case it may facilitate subsequent events, such as Prospero cortical release or nuclear localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Srinivasan
- Department of Cell and Structural Biology, HHMI, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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39
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Fuerstenberg S, Peng CY, Alvarez-Ortiz P, Hor T, Doe CQ. Identification of Miranda protein domains regulating asymmetric cortical localization, cargo binding, and cortical release. Mol Cell Neurosci 1998; 12:325-39. [PMID: 9888987 DOI: 10.1006/mcne.1998.0724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An important question in cellular and developmental biology is how a cell divides to produce daughter cells with different fates. Drosophila neuroblasts are a model system for studying asymmetric cell division: at each division, neuroblasts retain stem cell-like features, whereas their sibling ganglion mother cell (GMC) has a more restricted fate. Establishing neuroblast/GMC differences involves the asymmetric localization of proteins (Inscuteable, Miranda, Prospero, and Staufen) and RNA (prospero). All of these factors are apically localized during interphase, and all except Inscuteable move to the basal cortex at mitosis prior to being partitioned solely into the GMC. In this study, we show that Miranda is colocalized with Staufen and Prospero in neuroblasts, and is required for the asymmetric cortical localization of both proteins. Analysis of miranda mutants reveals three functional domains within the Miranda protein: (1) an N-terminal domain (1-290 aa) sufficient for association of Miranda with the cell cortex and basal localization in mitotic neuroblasts; (2) a central domain (446-727 aa) necessary for apical localization in interphase neuroblasts as well as for "cargo binding" of Prospero, Staufen, and prospero mRNA; and (3) a C-terminal domain (727-830 aa) necessary for the timely degradation of Miranda and release of its cargo from the cortex of the newborn GMC. In addition, Miranda is asymmetrically localized in epithelial cells that lack Inscuteable and divide symmetrically; thus the mechanism regulating Miranda localization is common to epithelial cells and neuroblasts, and Inscuteable is not an obligate component. Finally, we define a C-terminal domain of Staufen sufficient for Miranda-dependent cortical localization in neuroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fuerstenberg
- Department of Cell and Structural Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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40
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Doe CQ, Fuerstenberg S, Peng CY. Neural stem cells: from fly to vertebrates. J Neurobiol 1998; 36:111-27. [PMID: 9712299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Our goal in this review is to explore the relationship between Drosophila and vertebrate neural stem cell development by comparing progress in each system with the aim of answering several central questions in stem cell biology: (a) How are stem cells formed? (b) Do stem cells divide symmetrically or asymmetrically? (c) How is stem cell fate maintained? (d) How is stem cell differentiation initiated? (e) How are different stem cell fates determined? (f) How "plastic" are different neural stem cell fates? (g) How do neural stem cells produce different progeny? and (h) What regulates stem cell proliferation versus quiescence? Not surprisingly, research in Drosophila and vertebrate systems each have their own biases, strengths, and weaknesses; we hope that by directly comparing progress in each field, new experiments and interpretations in both vertebrate and Drosophila research will become apparent. It has become increasingly clear that vertebrates and Drosophila share many fundamental mechanisms of neurogenesis, validating a comparative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Q Doe
- Department of Cell and Structural Biology, HHMI, University of Illinois, Urbana 61821, USA
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41
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Peng CY, Graves PR, Ogg S, Thoma RS, Byrnes MJ, Wu Z, Stephenson MT, Piwnica-Worms H. C-TAK1 protein kinase phosphorylates human Cdc25C on serine 216 and promotes 14-3-3 protein binding. Cell Growth Differ 1998; 9:197-208. [PMID: 9543386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cdc25C is a dual-specificity protein kinase that controls entry into mitosis by dephosphorylating Cdc2 on both threonine 14 and tyrosine 15. Cdc25C is phosphorylated on serine 216 throughout interphase but not during mitosis. Serine 216 phosphorylation mediates the binding of 14-3-3 protein to Cdc25C, and Cdc25C/14-3-3 complexes are present throughout interphase but not during mitosis. Here we report the cloning of a human kinase denoted C-TAK1 (for Cdc twenty-five C associated protein kinase) that phosphorylates Cdc25C on serine 216 in vitro. C-TAK1 is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues and cell lines and is distinct from the DNA damage checkpoint kinase Chk1, shown previously to phosphorylate Cdc25C on serine 216. Cotransfection of Cdc25C with C-TAK1 resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of Cdc25C on serine 216. In addition, a physical interaction between C-TAK1 and Cdc25C was observed upon transient overexpression in COS-7 cells. Finally, coproduction of Cdc25C and C-TAK1 in bacteria resulted in the stoichiometric phosphorylation of Cdc25C on serine 216 and facilitated 14-3-3 protein binding in vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that one function of C-TAK1 may be to regulate the interactions between Cdc25C and 14-3-3 in vivo by phosphorylating Cdc25C on serine 216.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Peng
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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42
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Peng CY, Graves PR, Thoma RS, Wu Z, Shaw AS, Piwnica-Worms H. Mitotic and G2 checkpoint control: regulation of 14-3-3 protein binding by phosphorylation of Cdc25C on serine-216. Science 1997; 277:1501-5. [PMID: 9278512 DOI: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1000] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human Cdc25C is a dual-specificity protein phosphatase that controls entry into mitosis by dephosphorylating the protein kinase Cdc2. Throughout interphase, but not in mitosis, Cdc25C was phosphorylated on serine-216 and bound to members of the highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed family of 14-3-3 proteins. A mutation preventing phosphorylation of serine-216 abrogated 14-3-3 binding. Conditional overexpression of this mutant perturbed mitotic timing and allowed cells to escape the G2 checkpoint arrest induced by either unreplicated DNA or radiation-induced damage. Chk1, a fission yeast kinase involved in the DNA damage checkpoint response, phosphorylated Cdc25C in vitro on serine-216. These results indicate that serine-216 phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding negatively regulate Cdc25C and identify Cdc25C as a potential target of checkpoint control in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Peng
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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43
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Peng CY, Mussen E, Fong A, Cheng P, Wong G, Montague MA. Laboratory and field studies on the effects of the antibiotic tylosin on honey bee Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) development and prevention of American foulbrood disease. J Invertebr Pathol 1996; 67:65-71. [PMID: 8812572 DOI: 10.1006/jipa.1996.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory and field studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the antibiotic tylosin in preventing and controlling infections of American foulbrood disease (AFB) of honey bees. Studies conducted on immature worker bees maintained in the laboratory revealed that honey bee larvae could tolerate quite a range of doses of antibiotic in their diet. Intermediate doses of tylosin protected very young larvae from becoming infected by Bacillus larvae at a concentration of 1.5 x 10(8) spores/ml of diet. Antibiotic treatment had no measurable effects on larval or pupal developmental rates until the dose reached a lethal level. Bees in field colonies readily consumed tylosin in powered sugar, up to a level of 800 mg/7 g sugar. No negative colony effects were noted at any dosage rates. Protection against infection by American foulbrood was compared to results obtained with 200 mg Terramycin, the standard dose of the only substance currently registered for foulbrood control. Both 200 mg Terramycin and 100 mg tylosin protected the colonies for up to 3 weeks. A 200-mg dose of tylosin protected the colony for an additional week. Doses of 100 mg or more of tylosin were adequate to eliminate signs of AFB infection in overtly diseased colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Peng
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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Xu M, Sheppard KA, Peng CY, Yee AS, Piwnica-Worms H. Cyclin A/CDK2 binds directly to E2F-1 and inhibits the DNA-binding activity of E2F-1/DP-1 by phosphorylation. Mol Cell Biol 1994; 14:8420-31. [PMID: 7969176 PMCID: PMC359381 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.14.12.8420-8431.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
E2F-1, a member of the E2F transcription factor family, contributes to the regulation of the G1-to-S phase transition in higher eukaryotic cells. E2F-1 forms a heterodimer with DP-1 and binds to several cell cycle regulatory proteins, including the retinoblastoma family (RB, p107, p130) and cyclin A/CDK2 complexes. We have analyzed E2F-1 phosphorylation and its interaction with cyclin A/CDK2 complexes both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, E2F-1 formed a stable complex with cyclin A/CDK2 but not with either subunit alone. DP-1 did not interact with cyclin A, CDK2, or the cyclin A/CDK2 complex. While the complex of cyclin A/CDK2 was required for stable complex formation with E2F-1, the kinase-active form of CDK2 was not required. However, E2F-1 was phosphorylated by cyclin A/CDK2 in vitro and was phosphorylated in vivo in HeLa cells. Two-dimensional tryptic phosphopeptide mapping studies demonstrated an overlap in the phosphopeptides derived from E2F-1 labeled in vitro and in vivo, indicating that cyclin A/CDK2 may be responsible for the majority of E2F-1 phosphorylation in vivo. Furthermore, an active DNA-binding complex could be reconstituted from purified E2F-1/DP-1 and cyclin A/CDK2. Binding studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that the cyclin A/CDK2-binding region resided within the N-terminal 124 amino acids of E2F-1. Because the stable association of E2F-1 with cyclin A/CDK2 in vitro and in vivo did not require a DP-1- or RB-binding domain and because the interactions could be reconstituted from purified components in vitro, we conclude that the interactions between cyclin A/CDK2 and E2F-1 are direct. Finally, we report that the DNA-binding activity of the E2F-1/DP-1 complex is inhibited following phosphorylation by cyclin A/CDK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Xu
- Department of Physiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
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45
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Abstract
In cells of higher eukaryotic organisms the activity of the p34cdc2/cyclin B complex is inhibited by phosphorylation of p34cdc2 at two sites within its amino-terminus (threonine 14 and tyrosine 15). In this study, the cell cycle regulation of the kinases responsible for phosphorylating p34cdc2 on Thr14 and Tyr15 was examined in extracts prepared from both HeLa cells and Xenopus eggs. Both Thr14- and Tyr15- specific kinase activities were regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner. The kinase activities were high throughout interphase and diminished coincident with entry of cells into mitosis. In HeLa cells delayed in G2 by the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342, Thr14- and Tyr15-specific kinase activities remained high, suggesting that a decrease in Thr14- and Tyr15- kinase activities may be required for entry of cells into mitosis. Similar cell cycle regulation was observed for the Thr14/Tyr15 kinase(s) in Xenopus egg extracts. These results indicate that activation of CDC2 and entry of cells into mitosis is not triggered solely by activation of the Cdc25 phosphatase but by the balance between Thr14/Tyr15 kinase and phosphatase activities. Finally, we have detected two activities capable of phosphorylating p34cdc2 on Thr14 and/or Tyr15 in interphase extracts prepared from Xenopus eggs. An activity capable of phosphorylating Tyr15 remained soluble after ultracentrifugation of interphase extracts whereas a second activity capable of phosphorylating both Thr14 and Tyr15 pelleted. The pelleted fraction contained activities that were detergent extractable and that phosphorylated p34cdc2 on both Thr14 and Tyr15. The Thr14- and Tyr15-specific kinase activities co-purified through three successive chromatographic steps indicating the presence of a dual-specificity protein kinase capable of acting on p34cdc2.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Atherton-Fessler
- Department of Physiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
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46
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Peng CY. [Immunohistochemical studies of Langerhans cells and keratinocytes and T cell subsets in oral lichen planus by anti-T6, anti-HLA-DR, and anti-T3, T4, T8]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 1994; 29:105-7. [PMID: 8001425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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47
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Peng CY, Tsai W. Isospora belli infection in a patient with Hodgkin's disease: report of a case. J Formos Med Assoc 1991; 90:260-3. [PMID: 1677402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 42-year-old woman with a history of documented Hodgkin's disease for 1 year presented with watery diarrhea for 6 months. She developed watery diarrhea following recurrence of the underlying disease and use of herbs. After institution of chemotherapy, watery diarrhea persisted despite remission of the underlying disease. Stool cultures and examinations for several pathogens were negative. Later, oocysts of Isopora belli were identified in the stool. The immunological status was typical of patients with Hodgkin's disease. However, HTLV-1 seropositivity and an intact skin test for delayed hypersensitivity were noted. Institution of co-trimoxazole led to prompt resolution of the gastrointestinal symptoms within the ensuing 24 hours. Later she developed recurrent isosporiasis after chemotherapy for the underlying disease, but institution of co-trimoxazole again resolved the symptoms. She remains on maintenance therapy with co-trimoxazole. Isospora belli infection should be considered in opportunistic infections in patients with Hodgkin's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Peng
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, R.O.C
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48
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Abstract
This paper describes a profile analysis procedure for use with the Carrow Auditory-Visual Abilities Test (CAVAT). The visual-auditory dichotomy, supported by factor analysis, is examined at one level of analysis. Critical values derived from the standard error of measurement of the difference (Sem/D) for each battery are provided allowing the identification of reliable and abnormal visual-auditory discrepancies. At another level of analysis, a procedure for profile analysis is outlined and critical values are included to facilitate the identification of relative strengths and weaknesses at the subtest level. Test results from 2 preschool children are examined and contrasted to illustrate the utility of the CAVAT in the identification of systematic modality preferences.
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