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Paparin JL, Amador A, Badaroux E, Bot S, Caillet C, Convard T, Da Costa D, Dukhan D, Griffe L, Griffon JF, LaColla M, Leroy F, Liuzzi M, Giulia Loi A, McCarville J, Mascia V, Milhau J, Onidi L, Pierra C, Rahali R, Rosinosky E, Sais E, Seifer M, Surleraux D, Standring D, Dousson CB. Discovery of benzophosphadiazine drug candidate IDX375: A novel hepatitis C allosteric NS5B RdRp inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2634-2640. [PMID: 28416131 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) plays a central role in virus replication. NS5B has no functional equivalent in mammalian cells, and as a consequence is an attractive target for selective inhibition. This paper describes the discovery of a novel family of HCV NS5B non-nucleoside inhibitors inspired by the bioisosterism between sulfonamide and phosphonamide. Systematic structural optimization in this new series led to the identification of IDX375, a potent non-nucleoside inhibitor that is selective for genotypes 1a and 1b. The structure and binding domain of IDX375 were confirmed by X-ray co-crystalisation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Laurent Paparin
- Idenix SARL, an MSD Company, Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Cap Gamma, 1682 rue de la Valsière, BP50001, 34189 Montpellier Cedex 4, France.
| | | | | | - Stéphanie Bot
- Idenix SARL, an MSD Company, Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Cap Gamma, 1682 rue de la Valsière, BP50001, 34189 Montpellier Cedex 4, France
| | | | - Thierry Convard
- Idenix SARL, an MSD Company, Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Cap Gamma, 1682 rue de la Valsière, BP50001, 34189 Montpellier Cedex 4, France
| | - Daniel Da Costa
- Idenix SARL, an MSD Company, Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Cap Gamma, 1682 rue de la Valsière, BP50001, 34189 Montpellier Cedex 4, France
| | - David Dukhan
- Idenix SARL, an MSD Company, Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Cap Gamma, 1682 rue de la Valsière, BP50001, 34189 Montpellier Cedex 4, France
| | | | - Jean-François Griffon
- Idenix SARL, an MSD Company, Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Cap Gamma, 1682 rue de la Valsière, BP50001, 34189 Montpellier Cedex 4, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Julien Milhau
- Idenix SARL, an MSD Company, Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Cap Gamma, 1682 rue de la Valsière, BP50001, 34189 Montpellier Cedex 4, France
| | | | - Claire Pierra
- Idenix SARL, an MSD Company, Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Cap Gamma, 1682 rue de la Valsière, BP50001, 34189 Montpellier Cedex 4, France
| | - Rachid Rahali
- Idenix SARL, an MSD Company, Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Cap Gamma, 1682 rue de la Valsière, BP50001, 34189 Montpellier Cedex 4, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cyril B Dousson
- Idenix SARL, an MSD Company, Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Cap Gamma, 1682 rue de la Valsière, BP50001, 34189 Montpellier Cedex 4, France
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2
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Benzaria S, Bardiot D, Bouisset T, Counor C, Rabeson C, Pierra C, Storer R, Loi AG, Cadeddu A, Mura M, Musiu C, Liuzzi M, Loddo R, Bergelson S, Bichko V, Bridges E, Cretton-Scott E, Mao J, Sommadossi JP, Seifer M, Standring D, Tausek M, Gosselin G, La Colla P. 2′-C-Methyl Branched Pyrimidine Ribonucleoside Analogues: Potent Inhibitors of RNA Virus Replication. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 18:225-42. [PMID: 17907380 DOI: 10.1177/095632020701800406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RNA viruses are the agents of numerous widespread and often severe diseases. Their unique RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) is essential for replication and, thus, constitutes a valid target for the development of selective chemotherapeutic agents. In this regard, we have investigated sugar-modified ribonucleoside analogues as potential inhibitors of the RDRP. Title compounds retain ‘natural’ pyrimidine bases, but possess a β-methyl substituent at the 2′-position of the D- or L-ribose moiety. Evaluation against a broad range of RNA viruses, either single-stranded positive (ssRNA), single-stranded negative (ssRNA−) or double-stranded (dsRNA), revealed potent activities for D-2′- C-methyl-cytidine and -uridine against ssRNA+, and dsRNA viruses. None of the L-enantiomers were active. Moreover, the 5′-triphosphates of the active D-enantiomers were found to inhibit the bovine virus diarrhoea virus polymerase. Thus, the 2′-methyl branching of natural pyrimidine ribonucleosides transforms physiological molecules into potent, broad-spectrum antiviral agents that merit further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Benzaria
- Laboratoire Coopératif Idenix-CNRS-Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
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3
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Pierra C, Benzaria S, Dukhan D, Loi AG, La Colla P, Bridges E, Mao J, Standring D, Sommadossi JP, Gosselin G. Synthesis, Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Studies of Potential Prodrugs of β-L-2′-Deoxycytidine, a Selective and Specific Anti-HBV Agent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 15:269-79. [PMID: 15535049 DOI: 10.1177/095632020401500506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
β-L-2′-Deoxycytidine (β-L-dC) is a potent, selective and specific anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) agent. To improve its oral bioavailability, several derivatives involving sugar or base acylation, as well as N4-derivatization with an N,N-(dimethyl-amino)methylene function, were synthesized. The physicochemical characteristics (including chemical stabilities, solubilities and distribution coefficient values) and pharmacokinetics of these compounds were determined and compared with those of the parent drug, β-L-dC. Presented in part at the 14th International Conference on Antiviral Research, Seattle, Washington, USA, 8–13 April 2001. Antiviral Reseach 2001; 50:A79.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Pierra
- Laboratoire Coopératif Idenix-CNRS-Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
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4
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Alaoui AE, Faraj A, Pierra C, Boudou V, Johnson R, Mathé C, Gosselin G, Korba B, Imbach JL, Schinazi R, Sommadossi JP. Inhibition of Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Nucleoside Enantiomers of β-2′,3′-Dideoxypurine Analogues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029600700508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Various purine β-L-2′,3′-dideoxynucleoside analogues with both sugar and base modifications including β-L-ddG, β-L-ddl, β-L-ddA, 2′-azido-β-L-araddA, 2′-amino-β-L-araddA, 2′,5′-anhydro-β-L-araddA, 2′-azido-β-L-ddA, 2′-amino-β-L-ddA, 2′-fluoro-β-L-ddA, 3′-azido-β-L-ddA, 3′-amino-β-L-ddA, 3′-fluoro-β-L-ddA, 2,6-diamino-β-L-2′,3′-dideoxyfuranosylpurine, 6-cyclopropylamino-β-L-ddA, 2′-azido-6-N-triphenylphosphine-β-L-araddA, 2-amino-6-methylamino-β-L-2′,3′-dideoxyfuranosylpurine, 2-amino-6-cyclopropylamino-β-L-2′,3′-dideoxyfuranosylpurine, 2-amino-6-cyclopentylamino-β-L-2′,3′-dideoxyfuranosylpurine, 2′,3′-didehydro-β-L-ddA and 2′,3′-didehydro-6-N-triphenyl phosphine-β-L-ddA were synthesized and evaluated as potential inhibitors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in HBV DNA-transfected human hepatoblastoma-derived Hep-G2 cells (2.2.15 cells). β-L-ddA, 2′-azido-β-L-ddA, 3′-azido-β-L-ddA, 2″,3′-didehydro-β-L-ddA (β-L-D4A) and a modified base of β-L-D4A, inhibited HBV replication in vitro. β-L-D4A was the more potent and selective antiHBV agent with a 50% effective concentration value of 0.1 μM and a selectivity index of 1800. On the basis of this finding, studies are in progress to synthesize new purine derivatives with the β-L unnatural configuration which hopefully will lead to identifying additional potent and highly selective anti-HBV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.M. El Alaoui
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Liver Center, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - A. Faraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Liver Center, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - C. Pierra
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625, Université de Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - V. Boudou
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625, Université de Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - R. Johnson
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625, Université de Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - C. Mathé
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625, Université de Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - G. Gosselin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625, Université de Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - B.E. Korba
- Division of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Georgetown University, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - J.-L. Imbach
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625, Université de Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - R.F. Schinazi
- Georgia Research Center for AIDS and HIV Infections, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - J.-P. Sommadossi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Liver Center, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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5
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Dayde B, Pierra C, Gosselin G, Surleraux D, Da Costa D, Ilagouma AT, Van der Lee A, Volle JN, Virieux D, Pirat JL. Corrigendum to “Synthesis of unnatural 2- and 3-deoxyfuranose analogues” [Tetrahedron Lett. 55 (2014) 3706–3708]. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Dayde B, Pierra C, Gosselin G, Surleraux D, Ilagouma AT, Volle JN, Virieux D, Pirat JL. Synthesis of unnatural 3′-phospha-2′-deoxyfuranose nucleoside analogues. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Dayde B, Pierra C, Gosselin G, Surleraux D, Ilagouma AT, Laborde C, Volle JN, Virieux D, Pirat JL. Synthesis of Unnatural Phosphonosugar Analogues. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Dayde B, Benzaria S, Pierra C, Gosselin G, Surleraux D, Volle JN, Pirat JL, Virieux D. Synthesis of a new family of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates, analogues of TPases transition states. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:3448-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25131k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Pierra C, Counor C, Storer R, Gosselin G. Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of the 2′-C-methyl branched derivative of a nucleoside analog inhibitor of RNA viral infections, T-1106. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc2011089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An example of a 2′-C-methyl branched nucleoside analogue bearing 3,4-dihydro-3-oxopyrazine-2-carboxamide as the base, namely 4-(2-C-methyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-3-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrazine-2-carboxamide, is reported. This compound was synthesized following a Vorbrüggen’s glycosylation procedure in a few steps. When evaluated in cell culture experiments against a broad range of viruses, this compound did not exhibit any significant antiviral effect or cytotoxicity.
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10
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Hamann M, Pierra C, Sommadossi JP, Musiu C, Vargiu L, Liuzzi M, Storer R, Gosselin G. Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidine C-nucleoside analogues of 2′,3′-dideoxy- and 2′,3′-dideoxy-2′,3′-didehydro-adenosine and -inosine. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:2321-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Hamann M, Pierra C, Storer R, Sommadossi JP, Loi AG, Cadeddu A, Fanti M, Boscu N, Bassetti F, Liuzzi M, Gosselin G. Synthesis and study of 9-deazaguanosine derivatives as potential inhibitors of RNA virus replication. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser (Oxf) 2008; 52:603-604. [PMID: 18776524 DOI: 10.1093/nass/nrn305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
9-Deazaguanosine and the alpha and beta anomers of its 2'-C-methyl counter part, have been synthesized and evaluated against a broad range of RNA viruses, including hepatitis C virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hamann
- Idenix Pharmaceuticals, Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Cap Gamma 1682 rue de la Valsière, 34189 Montpellier Cedex 4, France
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12
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Pierra C, Amador A, Benzaria S, Cretton-Scott E, D'Amours M, Mao J, Mathieu S, Moussa A, Bridges EG, Standring DN, Sommadossi JP, Storer R, Gosselin G. Synthesis and Pharmacokinetics of Valopicitabine (NM283), an Efficient Prodrug of the Potent Anti-HCV Agent 2‘-C-Methylcytidine. J Med Chem 2006; 49:6614-20. [PMID: 17064080 DOI: 10.1021/jm0603623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In our search for new therapeutic agents against chronic hepatitis C, a ribonucleoside analogue, 2'-C-methylcytidine, was discovered to be a potent and selective inhibitor in cell culture of a number of RNA viruses, including the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus, a surrogate model for hepatitis C virus (HCV), and three flaviviruses, namely, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, and dengue-2 virus. However, pharmacokinetic studies revealed that 2'-C-methylcytidine suffers from a low oral bioavailability. To overcome this limitation, we have synthesized the 3'-O-l-valinyl ester derivative (dihydrochloride form, valopicitabine, NM283) of 2'-C-methylcytidine. We detail herein for the first time the chemical synthesis and physicochemical characteristics of this anti-HCV prodrug candidate, as well as a comparative study of its pharmacokinetic parameters with those of its parent nucleoside analogue, 2'-C-methylcytidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Pierra
- Laboratoire Coopératif Idenix-CNRS-Université Montpellier II, Case Courrier 008, Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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13
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Gosselin G, Boudou V, Griffon JF, Pavia G, Pierra C, Imbach JL, Faraj A, Sommadossi JP. Unnatural β-L-Enantiomers of Nucleoside Analogues as Potent Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319808004708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Gosselin
- a Laboratoire Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625 , Universite Montpellier II , 34095 , Montpellier , Cedex 5, France
| | - V. Boudou
- a Laboratoire Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625 , Universite Montpellier II , 34095 , Montpellier , Cedex 5, France
| | - J-F Griffon
- a Laboratoire Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625 , Universite Montpellier II , 34095 , Montpellier , Cedex 5, France
| | - G. Pavia
- a Laboratoire Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625 , Universite Montpellier II , 34095 , Montpellier , Cedex 5, France
| | - C. Pierra
- a Laboratoire Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625 , Universite Montpellier II , 34095 , Montpellier , Cedex 5, France
| | - J-L Imbach
- a Laboratoire Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625 , Universite Montpellier II , 34095 , Montpellier , Cedex 5, France
| | - A. Faraj
- b University of Alabama, Department of Pharmacology , Birmingham , AL , 35294 , USA
| | - J-P Sommadossi
- b University of Alabama, Department of Pharmacology , Birmingham , AL , 35294 , USA
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14
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Pierra C, Dukhan D, Gosselin G, Sommadossi JP. Synthesis of beta-L-2'-deoxythymidine (L-dT). Curr Protoc Nucleic Acid Chem 2006; Chapter 14:Unit 14.3. [PMID: 18428950 DOI: 10.1002/0471142700.nc1403s24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The "unnatural" l-nucleoside beta-l-2'-deoxythymidine (L-dT) is a potent, specific, and selective inhibitor of the replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is currently in Phase III clinical trials. This unit describes, in detail, a semi-large-scale synthesis of l-dT. This convenient methodology produces l-dT in six steps starting with l-ribose and ending with a satisfactory overall yield of l-dT, and may be applied to other 2'-deoxynucleosides, incorporating different heterocyclic bases.
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15
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Pierra C, Amador A, Badaroux E, Storer R, Gosselin G. Synthesis of 2'-C-Methylcytidine and 2'-C-Methyluridine Derivatives Modified in the 3'-Position as Potential Antiviral Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20060991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
As part of our anti-hepatitis C program, we recently discovered 2'-C-methylcytidine (1) and 2'-C-methyluridine (2), which are potent inhibitors in cell culture of several viruses (bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), yellow fever virus (YFV)) closely related to HCV. In order to characterize structure-activity relationships, we introduced some structural and functional modifications into the 3'-position of 2'-C-methylcytidine and 2'-C-methyluridine. All these hitherto unknown compounds thus synthesized were tested for the activity against a wide range of viruses and found to be inactive.
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16
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Pierra C, Benzaria S, Amador A, Moussa A, Mathieu S, Storer R, Gosselin G. Nm 283, an efficient prodrug of the potent anti-HCV agent 2'-C-methylcytidine. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2005; 24:767-70. [PMID: 16248033 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-200060112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the oral bioavailability of 2-C-methylcytidine, a potent anti-HCV agent, the corresponding 3'-O-L-valinyl ester derivative (NM 283) has been synthesized Based on its ease of synthesis and its physicochemical properties, NM 283 has emerged as a promising antiviral drug for treatment of chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pierra
- Laboratoire Coopératif Idenix-CNRS, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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17
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Griffon JF, Dukhan D, Pierra C, Benzaria S, Loi AG, La Colla P, Sommadossi JP, Gosselin G. 4'-C-methyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl purine and pyrimidine nucleosides revisited. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2003; 22:707-9. [PMID: 14565259 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120022615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate their antiviral properties, a series of 4'-C-methyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl purine and pyrimidine nucleosides has been prepared. Unfortunately, none of these 4'-branched nucleosides showed any antiviral activity or cytotoxcity when tested against HIV, HBV, and Yellow Fever virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Griffon
- Laboratoire Coopératif Idenix-CNRS, Université Montpellier II, France
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18
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Benzaria S, Pierra C, Bardiot D, Cretton-Scott E, Bridges EG, Zhou XJ, Standring D, Gosselin G. Monoval-LdC: efficient prodrug of 2'-deoxy-beta-L-cytidine (L-dC), a potent and selective anti-HBV agent. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2003; 22:1003-6. [PMID: 14565331 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120022723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the oral bioavailability of LdC, valinyl esters were prepared as prodrugs. We report here the syntheses of the 3'-mono-, 5'-mono, and 3',5'-di-O-valinyl esters of LdC. The comparison of their ease of synthesis, their physicochemical properties, as well as their pharmacokinetic parameters in cynomologus monkeys has revealed 3'-mono-O-valinyl derivative as the most promising of the studied prodrugs. This compound is being developed as a new anti-HBV agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Benzaria
- Laboratoire Coopératif Idenix-CNRS-Université Montpellier II, CC 008, Montpellier, France
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19
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Hernandez-Santiago B, Placidi L, Cretton-Scott E, Faraj A, Bridges EG, Bryant ML, Rodriguez-Orengo J, Imbach JL, Gosselin G, Pierra C, Dukhan D, Sommadossi JP. Pharmacology of beta-L-thymidine and beta-L-2'-deoxycytidine in HepG2 cells and primary human hepatocytes: relevance to chemotherapeutic efficacy against hepatitis B virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:1728-33. [PMID: 12019082 PMCID: PMC127241 DOI: 10.1128/aac.46.6.1728-1733.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
beta-L-Thymidine (L-dT) and beta-L-2'-deoxycytidine (L-dC) are potent and highly specific inhibitors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication both in vivo and in vitro (50% effective concentrations, 0.19 to 0.24 microM in 2.2.15 cells). The intracellular metabolisms of L-dT and L-dC were investigated in HepG2 cells and primary cultured human hepatocytes. L-dT and L-dC were extensively phosphorylated in both cell types, with the 5'-triphosphate derivative being the predominant metabolite. In HepG2 cells, the 5'-triphosphate levels were 27.7 +/- 12.1 and 72.4 +/- 1.8 pmol/10(6) cells for L-dT and L-dC, respectively. In primary human hepatocytes, the 5'-triphosphate levels were 16.5 +/- 9.8 and 90.1 +/- 36.4 pmol/10(6) cells for L-dT and L-dC, respectively. Furthermore, a choline derivative of L-dCDP was detected at concentrations of 15.8 +/- 1.8 and 25.6 +/- 0.1 pmol/10(6) cells in human hepatocytes and HepG2 cells, respectively. In HepG2 cells exposed to L-dC, the 5'-monophosphate and 5'-triphosphate derivatives of beta-L-2'-deoxyuridine (L-dUMP and L-dUTP, respectively) were also observed, reaching intracellular concentrations of 6.7 +/- 0.4 and 18.2 +/- 1.0 pmol/10(6) cells, respectively. In human hepatocytes, L-dUMP and L-dUTP were detected at concentrations of 5.7 +/- 2.4 and 43.5 +/- 26.8 pmol/10(6) cells, respectively. It is likely that deamination of L-dCMP by deoxycytidylate deaminase leads to the formation of L-dUMP, as the parent compound, L-dC, was not a substrate for deoxycytidine deaminase. The intracellular half-lives of L-dTTP, L-dCTP, and L-dUTP were at least 15 h, with intracellular concentrations of each metabolite remaining above their respective 50% inhibitory concentrations for the woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA polymerase for as long as 24 h after removal of the drug from cell cultures. Exposure of HepG2 cells to L-dT in combination with L-dC led to concentrations of the activated metabolites similar to those achieved with either agent alone. These results suggest that the potent anti-HBV activities of L-dT and L-dC are associated with their extensive phosphorylation.
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20
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Standring DN, Bridges EG, Placidi L, Faraj A, Loi AG, Pierra C, Dukhan D, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Hernandez B, Juodawlkis A, Tennant B, Korba B, Cote P, Cretton-Scott E, Schinazi RF, Myers M, Bryant ML, Sommadossi JP. Antiviral beta-L-nucleosides specific for hepatitis B virus infection. Antivir Chem Chemother 2002; 12 Suppl 1:119-29. [PMID: 11594678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Three simple, related nucleosides, beta-L-2'-deoxycytidine (LdC), beta-Lthymidine (LdT), and beta-L-2'-deoxyadenosine (LdA), have been discovered to be potent, specific and selective inhibitors of the replication hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as the closely related duck and woodchuck hepatitis viruses (WHV). Structure-activity relationship analysis indicates that the 3'-OH group of the beta-L-2'-deoxyribose of the beta-L-2'-deoxynucleoside confers specific anti-hepadnavirus activity. The simple nucleosides had no effect on the replication of 15 other RNA and DNA viruses, and did not inhibit human DNA polymerases (alpha, beta and gamma) or compromise mitochondrial function. The nucleosides are efficiently converted intracellularly into active triphosphate metabolites that have a long half-life. Once-daily oral administration of these compounds in the woodchuck efficacy model of chronic HBV infection reduced viral load by as much as 10(8) genome equivalents/ml serum and there was no drug-related toxicity. In addition, a decline in WHV surface antigen (WHsAg) paralleled the decrease in viral load. This class of nucleosides displays an excellent overall safety profile. The first compound, LdT, has already entered clinical trials and LdC, currently being developed as a prodrug, is expected to enter the clinic in the near future. These compounds have the potential for use in combination therapy with the goal of achieving superior viral suppression and diminishing the onset of resistance.
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21
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Bryant ML, Bridges EG, Placidi L, Faraj A, Loi AG, Pierra C, Dukhan D, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Hernandez B, Juodawlkis A, Tennant B, Korba B, Cote P, Cretton-Scott E, Schinazi RF, Sommadossi JP. Anti-HBV specific beta-L-2'-deoxynucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:597-607. [PMID: 11563077 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A unique series of simple unnatural L-nucleosides that specifically inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication has been discovered. These molecules have in common a hydroxyl group in the 3'-position (3'-OH) of the beta-L-2'-deoxyribose sugar that confers antiviral activity specifically against hepadnaviruses. Replacement of the 3'-OH broadens activity to other viruses. Substitution in the base decreases antiviral potency and selectivity. Human DNA polymerases and mitochondrial function are not effected. Plasma viremia is reduced up to 8 logs in a woodchuck model of chronic HBV infection. These investigational drugs, used alone or in combination, are expected to offer new therapeutic options for patients with chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Bryant
- Novirio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 125 Cambridge Park Dr., Cambridge, Massachussetts 02476, USA.
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22
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Placidi L, Faraj A, Loi AG, Pierra C, Egron D, Cretton-Scott E, Gosseli G, Périgaud C, Martin LT, Schinazi RF, Imbach JL, el Kouni MH, Bryant ML, Sommadossi JP. Antiviral activity and intracellular metabolism of bis(tButylSATE) phosphotriester of beta-L-2',3'dideoxyadenosine, a potent inhibitor of HIV and HBV replication. Antivir Chem Chemother 2001; 12:99-108. [PMID: 11527047 DOI: 10.1177/095632020101200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The beta-L-nucleoside analogue beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy adenosine (beta-L-ddA) has been shown to exhibit limited antiviral activities. This was attributed to its rapid catabolism through cleavage of the glycosidic bond and poor phosphorylation to the nucleotide beta-L-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine-5'-mono phosphate (beta-L-ddAMP) (Placidi et al., 2000). However, the nucleotide beta-L-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate (beta-L-ddATP) inhibited the activity of both HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and viral DNA polymerase isolated from woodchuck hepatitis virus-infected serum (a model of hepatitis B) with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.0 microM without inhibiting human DNA polymerases alpha, beta, or gamma up to a concentration of 100 microM. These results suggested that prodrugs of beta-L-ddAMP may bypass the poor metabolic activation of beta-L-ddA and lead to more potent and selective antiviral activity. Therefore, the mononucleoside phosphotriester derivative of beta-L-ddAMP incorporating the S-pivaloyl-2-thioethyl (tButylSATE) groups, beta-L-ddAMP-bis(tButylSATE) was synthesized. Beta-L-ddAMP-bis(tButylSATE) inhibited HIV replication in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and HBV replication in 2.2.15 cells with effective concentrations (EC50s) of 2 and 80 nM, respectively. Intracellular metabolism of beta-L-ddAMP-bis(tButylSATE) demonstrated that beta-L-ddATP was the predominant intracellular metabolite in PBMC and liver cells. The intracellular half-life of beta-L-ddATP was 5.4 and 9.2 h in HepG2 and PBMCs, respectively. The intracellular concentrations of beta-L-ddATP were maintained above the EC50 for the inhibition of HIV RT and hepatitis B virus (HBV) for as long as 24 h after removal of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Placidi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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23
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Bryant ML, Bridges EG, Placidi L, Faraj A, Loi AG, Pierra C, Dukhan D, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Hernandez B, Juodawlkis A, Tennant B, Korba B, Cote P, Marion P, Cretton-Scott E, Schinazi RF, Sommadossi JP. Antiviral L-nucleosides specific for hepatitis B virus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:229-35. [PMID: 11120971 PMCID: PMC90266 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.1.229-235.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2000] [Accepted: 10/10/2000] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique series of simple "unnatural" nucleosides has been discovered to inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Through structure-activity analysis it was found that the 3'-OH group of the beta-L-2'-deoxyribose of the beta-L-2'-deoxynucleoside confers specific antihepadnavirus activity. The unsubstituted nucleosides beta-L-2'-deoxycytidine, beta-L-thymidine, and beta-L-2'-deoxyadenosine had the most potent, selective, and specific antiviral activity against HBV replication. Human DNA polymerases (alpha, beta, and gamma) and mitochondrial function were not affected. In the woodchuck model of chronic HBV infection, viral load was reduced by as much as 10(8) genome equivalents/ml of serum and there was no drug-related toxicity. In addition, the decline in woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen paralleled the decrease in viral load. These investigational drugs, used alone or in combination, are expected to offer new therapeutic options for patients with chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Bryant
- Novirio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA.
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24
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Abstract
As dioxolane and oxathiolane nucleosides have exhibited promising antiviral and anticancer activities, it was of interest to synthesize isoelectronically substituted oxaselenolane nucleosides, in which the 3'-CH(2) is replaced by a selenium atom. To study structure-activity relationships, various pyrimidine and purine oxaselenolane nucleosides were synthesized from the key intermediate, (+/-)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-1,2-oxaselenolane 5-acetate (6). Among the synthesized racemic nucleosides, cytosine and 5-fluorocytosine analogues exhibited potent anti-HIV and anti-HBV activities. It was of interest to obtain the enantiomerically pure isomers to determine if they have differential antiviral activities. However, due to the difficult and time-consuming nature of enantiomeric synthesis, a chiral HPLC separation was performed to obtain optical isomers from the corresponding racemic mixtures. Each pair of enantiomers of Se-ddC and Se-FddC was separated by an amylose chiral column using a mobile phase of 100% 2-propanol. The results indicate that most of the anti-HIV activity of both cytosine and fluorocytosine nucleosides resides with the (-)-isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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25
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Placidi L, Cretton-Scott E, Gosselin G, Pierra C, Schinazi RF, Imbach JL, el Kouni MH, Sommadossi JP. Intracellular metabolism of beta-L-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine: relevance to its limited antiviral activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:853-8. [PMID: 10722481 PMCID: PMC89782 DOI: 10.1128/aac.44.4.853-858.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular metabolism of the beta-L- enantiomer of 2', 3'-dideoxyadenosine (beta-L-ddA) was investigated in HepG2 cells, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and primary cultured human hepatocytes in an effort to understand the metabolic basis of its limited activity on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus. Incubation of cells with 10 microM [2',3',8-(3)H]-beta-L-ddA resulted in an increased intracellular concentration of beta-L-ddA with time, demonstrating that these cells were able to transport beta-L-ddA. However, it did not result in the phosphorylation of beta-L-ddA to its pharmacologically active 5'-triphosphate (beta-L-ddATP). Five other intracellular metabolites were detected and identified as beta-L-2', 3'-dideoxyribonolactone, hypoxanthine, inosine, ADP, and ATP, with the last being the predominant metabolite, reaching levels as high as 5.14 +/- 0.95, 8.15 +/- 2.64, and 15.60 +/- 1.74 pmol/10(6) cells at 8, 4, and 2 h in HepG2 cells, PBMC, and hepatocytes, respectively. In addition, a beta-glucuronic derivative of beta-L-ddA was detected in cultured hepatocytes, accounting for 12.5% of the total metabolite pool. Coincubation of hepatocytes in primary culture with beta-L-ddA in the presence of increasing concentrations of 5'-methylthioadenosine resulted in decreased phosphorolysis of beta-L-ddA and formation of associated metabolites. These results indicate that the limited antiviral activity of beta-L-ddA is the result of its inadequate phosphorylation to the nucleotide level due to phosphorolysis and catabolism of beta-L-ddA by methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.28).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Placidi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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26
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Pierra C, Imbach JL, De Clercq E, Balzarini J, Van Aerschot A, Herdewijn P, Faraj A, Loi AG, Sommadossi JP, Gosselin G. Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of some beta-L-2', 3'-dideoxy-5-chloropyrimidine nucleosides and pronucleotides. Antiviral Res 2000; 45:169-83. [PMID: 10771081 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-3542(00)00069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and in vitro anti human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activities of some unnatural beta-L-nucleoside enantiomers related to the anti-HIV compound 2', 3'-dideoxy-3'-fluoro-5-chlorouridine (beta-D-3'Fdd5ClU) are reported. In contrast to beta-D-3'Fdd5ClU, beta-L-3'Fdd5ClU and the other L-congeners were devoid of significant anti-HIV effects, but beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-5-chlorocytidine (beta-L-dd5ClC) and beta-L-2', 3'-dideoxy-3'-fluoro-cytidine (beta-L-3'FddC) showed a distinct anti-HBV activity. Three mononucleoside phosphotriester derivatives with S-pivaloyl-2-thioethyl (t-BuSATE) groups as biolabile phosphate protective groups were also synthesized. The bis(t-BuSATE) derivative of beta-D-3'Fdd5ClU retained anti-HIV activity in thymidine kinase deficient (TK(-)) CEM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pierra
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, UMR CNRS 5625, Case Courrier 008, Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
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27
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Pierra C, Olgen S, Cavalcanti SC, Cheng YC, Schinazi RF, Chu CK. Synthesis and antiviral activities of enantiomeric 1-[2-(hydroxymethyl) cyclopropyl] methyl nucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2000; 19:253-68. [PMID: 10772713 DOI: 10.1080/15257770008033007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopropyl carbocyclic nucleosides have been synthesized from the key intermediate 2 which was converted to the mesylated cyclopropyl methyl alcohol 3. Condensation of compound 3 with various purine and pyrimidine bases gave the desired nucleosides. All synthesized nucleosides were evaluated for antiviral activity and cellular toxicity. Among them adenine 22 and guanine 23 derivatives showed moderate antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HBV. None of the other compounds showed any significant antiviral activities against HIV-1, HBV, HSV-1 and HSV-2 in vitro up to 100 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pierra
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA
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28
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Shoshani I, Boudou V, Pierra C, Gosselin G, Johnson RA. Enzymatic synthesis of unlabeled and beta-(32)P-labeled beta-L-2', 3'-dideoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate as a potent inhibitor of adenylyl cyclases and its use as reversible binding ligand. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:34735-41. [PMID: 10574941 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.49.34735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
beta-L-2',3'-Dideoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate (beta-L-2', 3'-dd-5'-ATP) was prepared enzymatically from the corresponding monophosphate by the use of adenylate kinase, creatine phosphate, and creatine kinase in a single step. The beta-(32)P-labeled analog was prepared similarly, but in a two step reaction. beta-L-2', 3'-dd-5'-ATP inhibited adenylyl cyclase from rat brain competitively with respect to substrate (5'-ATP.Mn(2+)) and exhibited an IC(50) approximately 24 nM. The labeled ligand was used in the development of a reversible binding assay for adenylyl cyclases. Binding of beta-L-2',3'-dd-[beta-(32)P]5'-ATP was saturable with increasing concentrations of ligand and increased in proportion to membrane protein, and was enhanced by Mn(2+) to a greater extent than by Mg(2+). Binding was displaced with adenine nucleotides known to be either competitive or noncompetitive inhibitors but not by agents known not to act on the cyclase, or by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, creatine phosphate, or creatine kinase. Binding was rapid, with a half-time for the on-rate <1.8 min and for the off-rate <0.8 min. The potency and mechanism of the inhibition of this ligand and the pattern of agents that displace binding suggest an interaction with adenylyl cyclase per se and to a configuration of the enzyme consistent with an interaction at the catalytic active site. The data suggest that this is a pretransition state inhibitor and contrasts with the equipotent 2',5'-dd-3'ATP, a post-transition state noncompetitive inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Shoshani
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8661, USA
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29
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Loi AG, Faraj A, Pierra C, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Locarnini SA, Groman EV, Schinazi RF, Sommadossi JP. Comparison of anti-HBV activity of beta-D- and beta-L-DDA-5'monophosphate prodrugs and effectiveness in combination with lamivudine. Nucleosides and Nucleotides 1999; 18:1005-6. [PMID: 10432731 DOI: 10.1080/15257779908041630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of several beta-D-ddA 5'-monophospate (beta-D-ddAMP), and their corresponding beta-L-enantiomers prodrugs against HBV replication. All ddAMP prodrugs inhibited HBV replication in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Loi
- Department of Pharmacology, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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30
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Pierra C, Gosselin G, Sommadossi JP, Faraj A, De Clercq E, Balzarini J, Imbach JL. Stereospecific synthesis and antiviral activities of beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-5-chloropyrimidine nucleoside derivatives. Nucleosides Nucleotides 1999; 18:643-4. [PMID: 10432657 DOI: 10.1080/15257779908041526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Several 5-chlorouracil and 5-chlorocytosine beta-L-dideoxynucleosides were stereospecifically synthesized and their activities against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) were examined in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pierra
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625, Université de Montpellier II, France
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31
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Faraj A, Placidi L, Perigaud C, Cretton-Scott E, Gosselin G, Martin LT, Pierra C, Schinazi RF, Imbach JL, Sommadossi JP. Intracellular metabolism of beta-L-ddAMP-bis(tbutylSATE), a potent inhibitor of hepatitis B virus replication. Nucleosides Nucleotides 1999; 18:987-8. [PMID: 10432726 DOI: 10.1080/15257779908041623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
beta-L-ddAMP-bis(tbutylSATE) is a potent inhibitor of HBV replication with an EC50 = 0.1 microM. Following a 0- to 72-hrs exposure of human hepatocytes to a 10 microM [2',3'-3H] beta-L-ddAMP-bis(tbutylSATE), the pharmacologically active beta-L-ddATP was the predominant metabolite attaining a concentration of 268.53 +/- 107.97 pmoles/10(6) cells at 2 hrs. In Hep-G2 cell, beta-L-ddATP accounted for 146.8 +/- 29.8 pmoles/10(6) cells at 2 hrs with an half life of approximately 5.4 hrs. This study reveals that extensive intracellular concentrations of beta-L-ddATP after incubation of cells to the parent drug is accounting for its potent antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Faraj
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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32
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Pélicano H, Pierra C, Eriksson S, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Maury G. Enzymatic properties of the unnatural beta-L-enantiomers of 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine and 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine. J Med Chem 1997; 40:3969-73. [PMID: 9397178 DOI: 10.1021/jm9701482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The beta-L-enantiomers of 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine and 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine have been stereospecifically synthesized. In an attempt to explain the previously reported antiviral activities of these compounds, their enzymatic properties were studied with respect to adenosine kinase, deoxycytidine kinase, adenosine deaminase, and purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Adenosine deaminase was strictly enantioselective and favored beta-D-ddA and beta-D-d4A, whereas adenosine kinase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase had no apparent substrate properties for the D- or L-enantiomers of beta-ddA or beta-d4A. Human deoxycytidine kinase showed a remarkable inversion of the expected enantioselectivity, with beta-L-ddA and beta-L-d4A having better substrate efficiencies than their corresponding beta-D-enantiomers. Our results demonstrate the potential of beta-L-adenosine analogues as antiviral agents and suggest that deoxycytidine kinase has a strategic importance in their cellular activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pélicano
- UMR 5626 du CNRS, Département de Chimie Organique Fine, Université Montpellier-2 des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, France
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33
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Gosselin G, Boudou V, Griffon JF, Pavia G, Pierra C, Imbach JL, Aubertin AM, Schinazi RF, Faraj A, Sommadossi JP. New Unnatural L-Nucleoside Enantiomers:From Their Stereospecific Synthesis to Their Biological Activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319708006190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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