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Eckelmann BJ, Blitzer GC, Smilowitz JB, Trask D, Weiss M, Weber S, Abbott D, Varley P, Neuman H, Maloney JD, Hinshaw JL, Morris BA, Merfeld E, Howard SP, Bradley KA, Baschnagel AM, Bassetti MF, Hennessey DW, Morris Z. Initial Results of a Phase II Trial of Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy for Inoperable Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S147-S148. [PMID: 37784374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) For patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) who cannot or choose not to have surgery, radiation can provide local tumor control in both palliative and definitive settings. Conventionally fractionated radiation provides modest (< 50%) rates of local control (LC) for STS at 2 years. To our knowledge, no prospective studies to date have evaluated the safety and efficacy of dose-escalated hypofractionated radiation therapy as treatment of inoperable STS. We hypothesized that dose-escalated, hypofractionated radiation therapy (RT) for inoperable STS could achieve higher rates of LC than reported in trials of conventionally fractionated RT. MATERIALS/METHODS An IRB-approved single institution prospective phase II clinical trial of dose-escalated, hypofractionated RT as local control for STS was designed and completed planned accrual. Exclusion criteria included anti-cancer systemic therapy within the preceding two weeks. Patients underwent hypofractionated RT utilizing either CT-guided radiation (24, 50%) or MRI-guided radiation treatments (24, 50%). Data on patient characteristics, RT dose and fractionation, LC, toxicity, and overall survival (OS) was collected. The primary endpoint was local tumor control (stable, partial, or complete response according to RECIST) at 2-years after completion of radiation. Secondary endpoints were acute and late toxicity, rates of complete response, 5-year local tumor control, and progression-free and overall survival. Acute toxicity was graded on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0 scale during treatment and at 3 months following RT. RESULTS Forty-eight patients were enrolled, 17 with non-metastatic localized disease and 31 with metastatic disease. Median patient age was 64. Twenty-five men and 23 women were treated. Ninety-six total lesions were treated (36 lung, 7 extremity, 37 abdominopelvic, 16 other). Radiation dose per fraction ranged from 6-12 Gy for a total of 1-12 fractions (median dose was 52.5 Gy in 6 fractions. Median patient follow-up is 8.6 months (range 1 - 36 months). Six patients (13%) did not complete initial 3-month follow-up imaging. Of the 40 patients who have undergone 3-month follow up imaging, 32 (80%) had stable disease, 5 (12.5%) had partial response, 0 had complete response, and 3 (7.5%) had disease progression. Median PFS was 17.2 months at time of last follow up. Median OS was 12.9 months at time of last follow up. Twenty-five patients (52%) experienced an acute toxicity likely or possibly related to radiation. Three (6%) patients experienced CTACE grade 3 or greater treatment-related toxicity (pain, weakness, decreased range of motion, dermatitis). CONCLUSION In this initial report of a prospective, single-institution clinical trial of hypofractionated RT for STS not undergoing resection, we report low rates of acute grade 3 or greater toxicity and high rates of tumor response. We will continue to follow these patients to assess late toxicity and durability of tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Eckelmann
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - G C Blitzer
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - J B Smilowitz
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - D Trask
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - M Weiss
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - S Weber
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - D Abbott
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - P Varley
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - H Neuman
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - J D Maloney
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Madison, WI
| | - J L Hinshaw
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - B A Morris
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - E Merfeld
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - S P Howard
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - K A Bradley
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - A M Baschnagel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - M F Bassetti
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - D W Hennessey
- Department of Orthopedic and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Z Morris
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI
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2
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Menon H, Morris BA, Eckelmann BJ, Weber S, Ronnekleiv-Kelly SM, Varley P, Abbott D, Zafar NN, Kelly KJ, Vidri RJ, Minter R, Patel MA, Lubner S, Uboha N, Loconte N, Deming DA, Kratz JD, Bassetti MF. Neoadjuvant Stereotactic MR-Guided Ablative Radiation Therapy (SMART) and Surgical Outcomes in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e325. [PMID: 37785155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The benefit of neoadjuvant radiation therapy for patients undergoing surgery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear. Stereotactic MR-guided adaptive radiation therapy (SMART) treatment to ablative doses is a newer technique that is well tolerated and has increased local control in unresectable pancreatic cancer. For resectable pancreatic cancer, neoadjuvant SMART has the potential to decrease local recurrence risk and positive margin rates. However, there is concern for perioperative risks associated with ablative dose treatments. We report the efficacy and safety of surgical resection in patients who have received neoadjuvant SMART at our institution. MATERIALS/METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients diagnosed with PDAC who had noted vascular involvement of the celiac axis, superior mesenteric, and/or portal vessels between January 2016 and December 2022 at a single, high-volume, academic institution. Perioperative events were defined according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. The Kaplan Meier method was applied to estimate disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Seventeen patients with PDAC and vessel involvement at time of diagnosis who received SMART were included. Median follow-up time was 14.3 months; all patients underwent surgery, at a median time after radiation of 28 days (range: 15 - 90). Median length of postoperative stay was 7 days (range: 3 - 15). Five patients (29%) underwent vascular resection. Fifteen patients (88%) achieved R0 resection, with two R1 resections noted at the SMA and pancreatic neck respectively. Seven patients (41%) had adverse events attributable to surgery, with the majority being defined as abscess or infection (n = 5; 29%). One (6%) Clavien-Dindo grade III or higher toxicity was observed - a cortical cerebrovascular event following surgery. No major bleeding events requiring surgical intervention were noted. At time of event censorship, there were no observable locoregional failures. The median DFS and OS were not reached; however, 1-year DFS and OS were 62% and 87%, respectively. CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant SMART appears to be safe, with low rates of surgical complications and promising outcomes. Further identification of patients for this approach requires additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Menon
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - B A Morris
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - B J Eckelmann
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - S Weber
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - S M Ronnekleiv-Kelly
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - P Varley
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - D Abbott
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - N N Zafar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - K J Kelly
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - R J Vidri
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - R Minter
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - M A Patel
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - S Lubner
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - N Uboha
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - N Loconte
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - D A Deming
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - J D Kratz
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - M F Bassetti
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
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Dorraki M, Liao Z, Abbott D, Psaltis PJ, Baker E, Bidargaddi N, Van Den Hengel A, Narula J, Verjans JW. Cardiovascular disease risk prediction via machine learning using mental health data. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Robust and accurate risk prediction models are much needed in cardiovascular disease. It is well-known that mental health is associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. It is unknown whether mental health markers can enhance existing risk prediction models for cardiovascular disease.
Purpose
The main purpose of this study was to assess capability of mental health factors along with traditional risk factors to be used in cardiovascular predictive machine learning models, and to develop a combined machine learning approach using both traditional risk and psychological factors in 375,145 participants of the UK Biobank.
Methods
A comprehensive Pearson correlation analysis is carried out on UK Biobank data. Subsequently, an ensemble model containing decision tree, random forest, XGBoost, support vector machine (SVM), and deep neural network (DNN) classification approaches was built to predict cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in UK Biobank participants. The model was first trained using traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and subsequently trained using a combination of cardiovascular risk and psychological factors.
Results
The correlation analysis revealed that there is a correlation between CVD and mental health factors suggesting the potential of mental health application for machine learning models. Our ensemble machine learning model was able to predict CVD with an accuracy of 73.49% using CVD risk factors alone. However, by combining psychological factors with CVD risk factors in the training data, an improved accuracy of 95.70% was achieved. The accuracy and robustness of ensemble machine learning model outperformed any of five constituent learning algorithms alone.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that mental health assessment data along with traditional risk factors provides a powerful, safe and affordable machine learning model enrichment that can be used for state-of-the-art prediction of CVD.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dorraki
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Z Liao
- University of Adelaide, Australian Institute for Machine Learning , Adelaide , Australia
| | - D Abbott
- University of Adelaide, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Adelaide , Australia
| | - P J Psaltis
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide , Australia
| | - E Baker
- University of Adelaide, Australian Institute for Machine Learning , Adelaide , Australia
| | - N Bidargaddi
- Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health , Adelaide , Australia
| | - A Van Den Hengel
- University of Adelaide, Australian Institute for Machine Learning , Adelaide , Australia
| | - J Narula
- Mount Sinai Medical Center , New York , United States of America
| | - J W Verjans
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide , Australia
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Blitzer G, Yadav P, Bayouth J, Smilowitz J, Trask D, Weiss M, Weber S, Abbott D, Varley P, Neuman H, Maloney J, Hinshaw J, Morris B, Merfeld E, Howard S, Bradley K, Baschnagel A, Bassetti M, Parkes A, Hennessey D, Morris Z. Interim Results of a Phase II Trial on Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy for Inoperable Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Hatton C, Bailey T, Bradshaw J, Caton S, Flynn S, Gillooly A, Jahoda A, Maguire R, Marriott A, Mulhall P, Oloidi E, Taggart L, Todd S, Abbott D, Beyer S, Gore N, Heslop P, Scior K, Hastings RP. The willingness of UK adults with intellectual disabilities to take COVID-19 vaccines. J Intellect Disabil Res 2021; 65:949-961. [PMID: 34529314 PMCID: PMC8657332 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the much greater COVID-19 mortality risk experienced by people with intellectual disabilities (ID), understanding the willingness of people with ID to take a COVID-19 vaccine is a major public health issue. METHOD In December 2020 to February 2021, across the United Kingdom, 621 adults with ID were interviewed remotely and 348 family carers or support workers of adults with ID with greater needs completed an online survey, including a question on willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine if offered. RESULTS Eighty-seven per cent of interviewees with ID were willing to take a COVID-19 vaccine, with willingness associated with white ethnicity, having already had a flu vaccine, gaining information about COVID-19 from television but not from social media, and knowing COVID-19 social restrictions rules. A percentage of 81.7% of surveyed carers of adults with ID with greater needs reported that the person would be willing to take a COVID-19 vaccine, with willingness associated with white ethnicity, having a health condition of concern in the context of COVID-19, having had a flu vaccine, being close to someone who had died due to COVID-19, and having shielded at some point during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Reported willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine is high among adults with ID in the United Kingdom, with factors associated with willingness having clear implications for public health policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Hatton
- Department of Social Care and Social WorkManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - T. Bailey
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and ResearchUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | | | - S. Caton
- Department of Social Care and Social WorkManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - S. Flynn
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and ResearchUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - A. Gillooly
- Institute of Health and WellbeingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - A. Jahoda
- Institute of Health and WellbeingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - R. Maguire
- Institute of Health and WellbeingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - A. Marriott
- National Development Team for InclusionBathUK
| | - P. Mulhall
- Institute of Nursing and Health ResearchUniversity of UlsterJordanstownUK
| | - E. Oloidi
- Unit for Development in Intellectual and Developmental DisabilitiesUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
| | - L. Taggart
- Institute of Nursing and Health ResearchUniversity of UlsterJordanstownUK
| | - S. Todd
- Unit for Development in Intellectual and Developmental DisabilitiesUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
| | - D. Abbott
- School for Policy StudiesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - S. Beyer
- School of MedicineUniversity of CardiffCardiffUK
| | - N. Gore
- Tizard CentreUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - P. Heslop
- School for Policy StudiesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - K. Scior
- Division of Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - R. P. Hastings
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and ResearchUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and PsychologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
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6
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Dorraki M, Islam MS, Allison A, Abbott D. Parameter identification using moment of velocity. R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:190671. [PMID: 31827825 PMCID: PMC6894592 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many physical systems can be adequately modelled using a second-order approximation. Thus, the problem of system identification often reduces to the problem of estimating the position of a single pair of complex-conjugate poles. This paper presents a convenient but approximate technique for the estimation of the position of a single pair of complex-conjugate poles, using the moment of velocity (MoV). The MoV is a Hilbert transform based signal processing tool that addresses the shortcomings of instantaneous frequency. We demonstrate that the MoV can be employed for parameter identification of a dynamical system. We estimate the damping coefficient and oscillation frequency via MoV of the impulse response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Dorraki
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Electrical Engineering (CBME), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - M. S. Islam
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - A. Allison
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Electrical Engineering (CBME), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - D. Abbott
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Electrical Engineering (CBME), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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7
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Dorraki M, Fouladzadeh A, Allison A, Davis BR, Abbott D. On moment of velocity for signal analysis. R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:182001. [PMID: 31032047 PMCID: PMC6458400 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.182001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The instantaneous frequency (IF) of a signal is a well-defined quantity that is widely used for analysing non-stationary signals. However, often in practice, IF as a function of time can possess large spikes and negative values. Moreover, IF is very sensitive to noise, limiting its range of practical application. Due to these deficiencies, we introduce the concept of moment of velocity (MoV) for signal analysis. As a case study, we compare the performance of MoV to a standard Hilbert transform-based approach for R-wave identification in human electrocardiogram signals, demonstrating that our approach is more robust to noise. We examine characteristic heartbeats obtained from the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database. A detection error rate of 0.07%, a positive predictive value of 99.97%, and a sensitivity of 99.95% are achieved against analysis results from the database.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Dorraki
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Electrical Engineering (CBME), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - A. Fouladzadeh
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Surgery & Tumour Immunotherapy Laboratory, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - A. Allison
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Electrical Engineering (CBME), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - B. R. Davis
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - D. Abbott
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Electrical Engineering (CBME), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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8
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Salamon SJ, Hansen HJ, Abbott D. How real are observed trends in small correlated datasets? R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:181089. [PMID: 31031993 PMCID: PMC6458379 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The eye may perceive a significant trend in plotted time-series data, but if the model errors of nearby data points are correlated, the trend may be an illusion. We examine generalized least-squares (GLS) estimation, finding that error correlation may be underestimated in highly correlated small datasets by conventional techniques. This risks indicating a significant trend when there is none. A new correlation estimate based on the Durbin-Watson statistic is developed, leading to an improved estimate of autoregression with highly correlated data, thus reducing this risk. These techniques are generalized to randomly located data points in space, through the new concept of the nearest new neighbour path. We describe tests on the validity of the GLS schemes, allowing verification of the models employed. Examples illustrating our method include a 40-year record of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and Antarctic ice core data. While more conservative than existing techniques, our new GLS estimate finds a statistically significant increase in background carbon dioxide concentration, with an accelerating trend. We conclude with an example of a worldwide empirical climate model for radio propagation studies, to illustrate dealing with spatial correlation in unevenly distributed data points over the surface of the Earth. The method is generally applicable, not only to climate-related data, but to many other kinds of problems (e.g. biological, medical and geological data), where there are unequally (or randomly) spaced observations in temporally or spatially distributed datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Salamon
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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9
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Abstract
SummaryThe major part of the Kap Edvard Holm complex consists of two series of conspicuously banded gabbroic rocks. The primary minerals of both lower and upper layered series show a progressive change in composition, from higher to lower temperature phases, with increasing height in the complex. Minor fluctuations in the differentiation of the two series occur but the division of the layered rocks into the lower and upper series is based on abrupt and major changes in the compositions of the pyroxenes, olivine and plagioclase. This break is correlated with the injection of a large volume of undifferentiated magma which occurred after much of the lower layered series had consolidated, and from which the rocks of the upper layered series were formed. Twelve pyroxenes, five from the lower and seven from the upper layered series have been analysed; the relationships between their optical properties and chemical composition, and between the cell parameters and composition are considered. The crystallization trend of the pyroxenes is compared with that of the Skaergaard calcium-rich pyroxenes; it is suggested that the restricted enrichment in iron shown by the Kap Edvard Holm pyroxenes may be related to the higher water-vapour pressures which prevailed during much of the period of crystallization.
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Sumner W, Stokes W, Oweida A, Berggren K, Rathbun J, Abbott D, Raben D, McDermott J, Gan G, Karam S. Lower Pretreatment Neutrophil Count is Associated With Improved Distant Control and Overall Survival in Oropharyngeal and Laryngeal Cancer Patients Undergoing Definitive Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- D Abbott
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - B Dharmarajah
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - A H Davies
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
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Abbott D, Adderley P, Adeyemi A, Aguilera P, Ali M, Areti H, Baylac M, Benesch J, Bosson G, Cade B, Camsonne A, Cardman LS, Clark J, Cole P, Covert S, Cuevas C, Dadoun O, Dale D, Dong H, Dumas J, Fanchini E, Forest T, Forman E, Freyberger A, Froidefond E, Golge S, Grames J, Guèye P, Hansknecht J, Harrell P, Hoskins J, Hyde C, Josey B, Kazimi R, Kim Y, Machie D, Mahoney K, Mammei R, Marton M, McCarter J, McCaughan M, McHugh M, McNulty D, Mesick KE, Michaelides T, Michaels R, Moffit B, Moser D, Muñoz Camacho C, Muraz JF, Opper A, Poelker M, Réal JS, Richardson L, Setiniyaz S, Stutzman M, Suleiman R, Tennant C, Tsai C, Turner D, Ungaro M, Variola A, Voutier E, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Production of Highly Polarized Positrons Using Polarized Electrons at MeV Energies. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:214801. [PMID: 27284661 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.214801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Polarized Electrons for Polarized Positrons experiment at the injector of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility has demonstrated for the first time the efficient transfer of polarization from electrons to positrons produced by the polarized bremsstrahlung radiation induced by a polarized electron beam in a high-Z target. Positron polarization up to 82% have been measured for an initial electron beam momentum of 8.19 MeV/c, limited only by the electron beam polarization. This technique extends polarized positron capabilities from GeV to MeV electron beams, and opens access to polarized positron beam physics to a wide community.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Abbott
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Adderley
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Adeyemi
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - P Aguilera
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Ali
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - H Areti
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Baylac
- LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - J Benesch
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - G Bosson
- LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - B Cade
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Camsonne
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - L S Cardman
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Clark
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Cole
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA
| | - S Covert
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Cuevas
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - O Dadoun
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud & Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - D Dale
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA
| | - H Dong
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Dumas
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - E Fanchini
- LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - T Forest
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA
| | - E Forman
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Freyberger
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - E Froidefond
- LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - S Golge
- North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - J Grames
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Guèye
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - J Hansknecht
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Harrell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Hoskins
- The College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - C Hyde
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - B Josey
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - R Kazimi
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Y Kim
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA
| | - D Machie
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K Mahoney
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Mammei
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Marton
- LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - J McCarter
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - M McCaughan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M McHugh
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - D McNulty
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA
| | - K E Mesick
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - T Michaelides
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Michaels
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - B Moffit
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D Moser
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Muñoz Camacho
- IPN, Université Paris-Sud & Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, 91406 Orsay, France
| | - J-F Muraz
- LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - A Opper
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - M Poelker
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J-S Réal
- LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - L Richardson
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Setiniyaz
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA
| | - M Stutzman
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Suleiman
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Tennant
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Tsai
- Virginia Polytechnique Institut and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - D Turner
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Ungaro
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Variola
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud & Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - E Voutier
- LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
- IPN, Université Paris-Sud & Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, 91406 Orsay, France
| | - Y Wang
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Huber GM, Blok HP, Butuceanu C, Gaskell D, Horn T, Mack DJ, Abbott D, Aniol K, Anklin H, Armstrong C, Arrington J, Assamagan K, Avery S, Baker OK, Barrett B, Beise EJ, Bochna C, Boeglin W, Brash EJ, Breuer H, Chang CC, Chant N, Christy ME, Dunne J, Eden T, Ent R, Fenker H, Gibson EF, Gilman R, Gustafsson K, Hinton W, Holt RJ, Jackson H, Jin S, Jones MK, Keppel CE, Kim PH, Kim W, King PM, Klein A, Koltenuk D, Kovaltchouk V, Liang M, Liu J, Lolos GJ, Lung A, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Matsumura A, McKee D, Meekins D, Mitchell J, Miyoshi T, Mkrtchyan H, Mueller B, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, Okayasu Y, Pentchev L, Perdrisat C, Pitz D, Potterveld D, Punjabi V, Qin LM, Reimer PE, Reinhold J, Roche J, Roos PG, Sarty A, Shin IK, Smith GR, Stepanyan S, Tang LG, Tadevosyan V, Tvaskis V, van der Meer RLJ, Vansyoc K, Van Westrum D, Vidakovic S, Volmer J, Vulcan W, Warren G, Wood SA, Xu C, Yan C, Zhao WX, Zheng X, Zihlmann B. Separated response function ratios in exclusive, forward π(±) electroproduction. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:182501. [PMID: 24856691 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.182501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The study of exclusive π(±) electroproduction on the nucleon, including separation of the various structure functions, is of interest for a number of reasons. The ratio RL=σL(π-)/σL(π+) is sensitive to isoscalar contamination to the dominant isovector pion exchange amplitude, which is the basis for the determination of the charged pion form factor from electroproduction data. A change in the value of RT=σT(π-)/σT(π+) from unity at small -t, to 1/4 at large -t, would suggest a transition from coupling to a (virtual) pion to coupling to individual quarks. Furthermore, the mentioned ratios may show an earlier approach to perturbative QCD than the individual cross sections. We have performed the first complete separation of the four unpolarized electromagnetic structure functions above the dominant resonances in forward, exclusive π(±) electroproduction on the deuteron at central Q(2) values of 0.6, 1.0, 1.6 GeV(2) at W=1.95 GeV, and Q(2)=2.45 GeV(2) at W=2.22 GeV. Here, we present the L and T cross sections, with emphasis on RL and RT, and compare them with theoretical calculations. Results for the separated ratio RL indicate dominance of the pion-pole diagram at low -t, while results for RT are consistent with a transition between pion knockout and quark knockout mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Huber
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - H P Blok
- VU university, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands and NIKHEF, Postbus 41882, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Butuceanu
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - D Gaskell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Horn
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - D J Mack
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D Abbott
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K Aniol
- California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - H Anklin
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33119, USA
| | - C Armstrong
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - J Arrington
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - K Assamagan
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - S Avery
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - O K Baker
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - B Barrett
- Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3 Canada
| | - E J Beise
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C Bochna
- University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - W Boeglin
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33119, USA
| | - E J Brash
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - H Breuer
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C C Chang
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - N Chant
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M E Christy
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - J Dunne
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Eden
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - R Ent
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - H Fenker
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - E F Gibson
- California State University, Sacramento, California 95819, USA
| | - R Gilman
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - K Gustafsson
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - W Hinton
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - R J Holt
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Jackson
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S Jin
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - M K Jones
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - C E Keppel
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - P H Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - W Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - P M King
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Klein
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - D Koltenuk
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - V Kovaltchouk
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - M Liang
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Liu
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - G J Lolos
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - A Lung
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D J Margaziotis
- California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - P Markowitz
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33119, USA
| | | | - D McKee
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003-8001, USA
| | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Mitchell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - H Mkrtchyan
- A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory, Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - B Mueller
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - G Niculescu
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - I Niculescu
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | | | - L Pentchev
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - C Perdrisat
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - D Pitz
- DAPNIA/SPhN, CEA/Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Potterveld
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - V Punjabi
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - L M Qin
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - P E Reimer
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Reinhold
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33119, USA
| | - J Roche
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P G Roos
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Sarty
- Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3 Canada
| | - I K Shin
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - G R Smith
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Stepanyan
- A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory, Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - L G Tang
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - V Tadevosyan
- A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory, Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - V Tvaskis
- VU university, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands and NIKHEF, Postbus 41882, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - K Vansyoc
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - D Van Westrum
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S Vidakovic
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - J Volmer
- VU university, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands and DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - W Vulcan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - G Warren
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S A Wood
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Xu
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - C Yan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - W-X Zhao
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X Zheng
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B Zihlmann
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
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Abbott D. Nudge, nudge, wink, wink: love, sex and gay men with intellectual disabilities - a helping hand or a human right? J Intellect Disabil Res 2013; 57:1079-1087. [PMID: 23796265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND How do human rights help us with the experiences of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) who face discrimination and barriers in their sexual lives? Men with ID who are gay face a whole range of rights violations when it comes to exercising their sexual identity. How can such a seemingly marginalised group draw on rights based claims for better and equal treatment? This paper explores how the power of men's own stories may usefully challenge prevailing social norms and in turn strengthen human rights claims in this area. It also reflects on the challenges posed to such an agenda by current economic difficulties and changes in the organisation of adult social care in the UK. METHOD The paper draws on empirical research with gay men with ID completed in the UK in 2005 and briefly revisits some key messages from the data. It also considers the wider literature on the power and possibilities of human rights, 'intimate stories' and translating human rights into everyday change. CONCLUSIONS Gay men with ID tell powerful stories of love, longing and exclusion. Such stories have the capacity to transform wider social attitudes and in turn strengthen the rights claims of this marginalised groups. There are question marks about the possibility of such change in a time of austerity and the broader move in the UK's welfare state from the collective to the individual consumer of services. However, the telling of men's 'intimate stories' creates an almost unassailable challenge to current discriminatory practices and norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Abbott
- Norah Fry Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Abbott D. Nudge, nudge, wink, wink: love, sex and gay men with intellectual disabilities - a helping hand or a human right? J Intellect Disabil Res 2013; 57:1079-1087. [PMID: 23796265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND How do human rights help us with the experiences of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) who face discrimination and barriers in their sexual lives? Men with ID who are gay face a whole range of rights violations when it comes to exercising their sexual identity. How can such a seemingly marginalised group draw on rights based claims for better and equal treatment? This paper explores how the power of men's own stories may usefully challenge prevailing social norms and in turn strengthen human rights claims in this area. It also reflects on the challenges posed to such an agenda by current economic difficulties and changes in the organisation of adult social care in the UK. METHOD The paper draws on empirical research with gay men with ID completed in the UK in 2005 and briefly revisits some key messages from the data. It also considers the wider literature on the power and possibilities of human rights, 'intimate stories' and translating human rights into everyday change. CONCLUSIONS Gay men with ID tell powerful stories of love, longing and exclusion. Such stories have the capacity to transform wider social attitudes and in turn strengthen the rights claims of this marginalised groups. There are question marks about the possibility of such change in a time of austerity and the broader move in the UK's welfare state from the collective to the individual consumer of services. However, the telling of men's 'intimate stories' creates an almost unassailable challenge to current discriminatory practices and norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Abbott
- Norah Fry Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Rousham EK, Uzaman B, Abbott D, Lee SF, Mithani S, Roschnik N, Hall A. The effect of a school-based iron intervention on the haemoglobin concentration of school children in north-west Pakistan. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:1188-92. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of T-wave amplitude and ECG lead on beat-to-beat QT interval variability (QTV) in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) compared to healthy subjects. Standard resting 12-lead ECGs of 79 MI patients and 69 healthy subjects were investigated. Beat-to-beat QT intervals were measured separately for each lead using a template matching algorithm. In addition, we extracted the beat-to-beat T-wave amplitude in each lead. We computed the standard deviation of beat-to-beat QT intervals as a marker of QTV for both healthy subjects and MI patients. Significant QTV differences were observed between the 12 ECG leads as well as between the groups of healthy subjects and MI patients. Beat-to-beat QTV was significantly higher in MI patients than in healthy subjects for half of the leads. Furthermore, significant T-wave amplitude differences across leads and between groups were observed. A significant inverse relation between beat-to-beat QTV and T-wave amplitude was demonstrated. The group differences in QTV remained significant after co-varying for the T-wave amplitude. In conclusion, the increase in beat-to-beat QTV that has been repeatedly reported in patients with MI is partly due to the lower T-wave amplitudes. However, QTV remains significantly increased in MI patients after covarying for this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hasan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Contrast is used in CT-guided epidural steroid injections to ensure proper needle placement. Once injected, undiluted contrast often obscures the needle, hindering subsequent repositioning. The purpose of this investigation was to establish the optimal contrast dilution for CT-guided epidural steroid injections. MATERIALS AND METHODS This investigation consisted of an initial phantom study, followed by a prospective, randomized, single-center trial assessing a range of contrast dilutions. In the phantom study, a phantom housing a chamber containing a 22-gauge needle and various dilutions of contrast was scanned, and images were evaluated for needle visibility. On the basis of these results, concentrations of 66, 100, 133, and 150 mg/mL iodine were selected for evaluation in a clinical study. Patients presenting for CT-guided epidural steroid injections were randomly assigned to a contrast dilution, and images from the procedure were evaluated by 2 readers blinded to the contrast assignment. Needle visibility was scored by use of a 5-point scale. RESULTS In the phantom study, the needle was not visible at contrast concentrations of ≥133 mg/mL. In the clinical study, needle visibility was strongly associated with contrast concentration (P < .0001). Significant improvements in visibility were found in 66 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL compared with higher iodine concentrations; no difference was found comparing 66 mg/mL with 100 mg/mL iodine. Neither injection location (cervical versus lumbar) nor technique (interlaminar versus transforaminal) influenced visibility scores. CONCLUSIONS For CT-guided epidural steroid injections, the optimal contrast concentration is 66-100 mg/mL iodine. Because these concentrations are not commercially available, proceduralists must dilute their contrast for such procedures.
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Vousden N, Devendra P, Abbott D, Shennan A. Maternal and fetal complications following treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2013; 33:420-1. [PMID: 23654334 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2013.766681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Vousden
- Division of Women's Health, Kings College London, Women's Health Academic Centre, Kings Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, England, UK.
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Abbott D, Radford S, Foster C, Vousden N, Shennan A. Longitudinal trend of quantitative fetal fibronectin in the prediction of delivery following insertion of a rescue cerclage. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2013; 33:414-5. [DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2013.772129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abbott D, Califf R, Morrison BW, Pierre C, Bolte J, Chakraborty S. Cycle Time Metrics for Multisite Clinical Trials in the United States. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0092861512464371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
We demonstrate two algorithms used forreconstructing the target's structure basedon the diffracted pulses and additionallyshow that a three-dimensional target can bereconstructed using the broadband pulsesand a Fresnel lens by virtue of itsfrequency dependent focal length. Oneadvantage of T-ray imaging is the abilityto measure the far-infrared spectralresponse of the target. To highlight theimportance of this spectral information, wedemonstrate T-ray classification imagingwith different biological samples using asimple classification algorithm and twodimensional T-ray spectroscopic images.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wang
- Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging Systems, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590 USA
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Yin XX, Ng BWH, Ramamohanarao K, Abbott D. Tensor based sparse decomposition of 3D shape for visual detection of mirror symmetry. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2012; 108:629-643. [PMID: 22169015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study explores an approach for analysing the mirror (reflective) symmetry of 3D shapes with tensor based sparse decomposition. The approach combines non-negative tensor decomposition and directional texture synthesis, with symmetry information about 3D shapes that is represented by 2D textures synthesised from sparse, decomposed images. This technique requires the center of mass of 3D objects to be at the origin of the coordinate system. The decomposition of 3D shapes and analysis of their symmetry are useful for image compression, pattern recognition, as well as there being an emerging interest in the medical community due to its potential to find morphological changes between healthy and pathological structures. This paper postulates that sparse texture synthesis can be used to describe the decomposed basis images acting as symmetry descriptors for a 3D shape. We apply the theory of non-negative tensor decomposition and sparse texture synthesis, deduce the new representation, and show some application examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-X Yin
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Schrans DGM, Abbott D, Peay HL, Pangalila RF, Vroom E, Goemans N, Vles JSH, Aldenkamp AP, Hendriksen JGM. Transition in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: An expert meeting report and description of transition needs in an emergent patient population: (Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy Transition Expert Meeting 17-18 June 2011, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Neuromuscul Disord 2012; 23:283-6. [PMID: 22989602 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D G M Schrans
- Centre for Neurological Learning Disabilities, Kempenhaeghe Epilepsy Centre, The Netherlands.
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Ying Chen, Zhong Wu, Cuiwei Yang, Jun Shao, Wong KKL, Abbott D. Investigation of Atrial Vulnerability by Analysis of the Sinus Node EG From Atrial Fibrillation Models Using a Phase Synchronization Method. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2012; 59:2668-76. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2012.2208751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abbott D, Carpenter J. Talking about tricky transitions with young men with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and their families. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2012-000250.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kavehei O, Iqbal A, Kim YS, Eshraghian K, Al-Sarawi SF, Abbott D. The fourth element: characteristics, modelling and electromagnetic theory of the memristor. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2009.0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2008, researchers at the Hewlett–Packard (HP) laboratories published a paper in
Nature
reporting the development of a new basic circuit element that completes the missing link between charge and flux linkage, which was postulated by Chua in 1971 (Chua 1971
IEEE Trans. Circuit Theory
18
, 507–519 (
doi:10.1109/TCT.1971.1083337
)). The HP memristor is based on a nanometre scale TiO
2
thin film, containing a— doped region and an undoped region. Further to proposed applications of memristors in artificial biological systems and non-volatile RAM, they also enable reconfigurable nanoelectronics. Moreover, memristors provide new paradigms in application-specific integrated circuits and field programmable gate arrays. A significant reduction in area with an unprecedented memory capacity and device density are the potential advantages of memristors for integrated circuits. This work reviews the memristor and provides mathematical and SPICE models for memristors. Insight into the memristor device is given via recalling the quasi-static expansion of Maxwell’s equations. We also review Chua’s arguments based on electromagnetic theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Kavehei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - A. Iqbal
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Mathematics and Physics, National University of Sciences & Technology, Peshawar Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Y. S. Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - K. Eshraghian
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, WCU Program, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - S. F. Al-Sarawi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - D. Abbott
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Abbott D, Hobbin E. Maintenance vs rehabilitation in home care of the aged and disabled--the role of the paramedical aide. Community Health Stud 2010; 12:296-303. [PMID: 3067971 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.1988.tb00590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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30
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Pillay N, Flanagan D, Abbott D, Archer J, Jackson G. EEG-fMRI network differences to interictal paroxysmal fast activity and slow spike wave in Lennox Gastaut syndrome. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70729-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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31
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Phillips R, Abbott D. High-throughput enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA) electrochemiluminescent detection of botulinum toxins in foods for food safety and defence purposes. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2008; 25:1084-8. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030802060875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Png GM, Choi JW, Ng BWH, Mickan SP, Abbott D, Zhang XC. The impact of hydration changes in fresh bio-tissue on THz spectroscopic measurements. Phys Med Biol 2008; 53:3501-17. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/53/13/007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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33
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Heslop P, Abbott D. School's out: pathways for young people with intellectual disabilities from out-of-area residential schools or colleges. J Intellect Disabil Res 2007; 51:489-96. [PMID: 17537162 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00901.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research, and official guidance, has suggested that planning for the transition between children's and adults' services is failing young people with intellectual disabilities and their families in the UK. Youngsters placed away from home in residential schools or colleges are likely to be at even greater risk of poor transition planning and outcomes, yet there is little understanding of what factors parents consider contribute to a smoother transition and what a satisfactory outcome would be. METHOD The parents of 15 young people from five areas of the UK were interviewed about what they thought contributed to a satisfactory pathway for their son or daughter from an out-of-area residential school or college on to the next phase of their life. RESULTS Parents identified four main process issues: being well-connected with other parents or with key professionals; being proactive; having sufficient information; and good forward planning. Most considered a good outcome to be if the young person was happy, fulfilled and stimulated. CONCLUSIONS Parents were clear about what they thought helped, and there was little disagreement between their views. While some of these factors have been previously identified regarding the transition of disabled youngsters, they raise some unique issues for families with a youngster educated in an out-of-area residential school or college.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Heslop
- Norah Fry Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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34
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Yin XX, Kong KM, Lim JW, Ng BWH, Ferguson B, Mickan SP, Abbott D. Enhanced T-ray signal classification using wavelet preprocessing. Med Biol Eng Comput 2007; 45:611-6. [PMID: 17450389 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-007-0185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the application of one-dimensional discrete wavelet transforms in the classification of T-ray pulsed signals. Fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) are used as a feature extraction tool and a Mahalanobis distance classifier is employed for classification. Soft threshold wavelet shrinkage de-noising is used and plays an important role in de-noising and reconstruction of T-ray pulsed signals. An iterative algorithm is applied to obtain three optimal frequency components and to achieve preferred classification performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Yin
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering and School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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35
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with complex healthcare needs are often excluded, both from active involvement in research projects and from direct consultation in services. During a 3-year research study into multi-agency services for children with complex healthcare needs, the authors involved children in a number of innovative ways and endeavoured to discover what impact, if any, multi-agency working made to them. METHODS The researchers 'spent time' with 18 children with complex healthcare needs. They used a variety of methods to engage with the children in a meaningful way. More than half of the children had no verbal communication, so it was necessary in some cases to work with an advocate, usually the parent, to aid the process. RESULTS Children with complex healthcare needs can take part in research as long as the research is set up sensitively and flexibly. In terms of the impact of multi-agency working, the authors concluded significant advances had been achieved for this group: almost all the children were living at home and attending school. However, there were significant gaps in addressing children's human rights in relation to communication, independence and relationships. In addition, many of the children had very little effective direct consultation with the multi-agency services. CONCLUSIONS There are significant advances in involving disabled children in research and in service delivery, but there is still some way to go in involving those with complex healthcare needs. The challenges are considerable, but the benefits far outweigh these, not least being the value that parents, carers and the children themselves place upon being listened to.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Watson
- Norah Fry Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Amengual
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Ed. Mateu Orfila, Campus UIB, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CBME) and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - A. Allison
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CBME) and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - R. Toral
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Ed. Mateu Orfila, Campus UIB, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - D. Abbott
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CBME) and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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37
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Abbott D, Comby P, Charuel C, Graepel P, Hanton G, Leblanc B, Lodola A, Longeart L, Paulus G, Peters C, Stadler J. Preclinical safety profile of sildenafil. Int J Impot Res 2004; 16:498-504. [PMID: 15057260 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sildenafil citrate, marketed as Viagra, for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, has a proven record of safety in humans as predicted by the results of extensive pharmacological and toxicological testing in animals and in vitro, and confirmed by pharmacokinetic exposure data. The aim of this paper is to review succinctly the main findings resulting from these experiments. Daily doses of sildenafil, within and far beyond the human therapeutic range, were given to dogs and rodents for up to 1 and 2 y, respectively. Plasma analyses were conducted to determine the exposure to sildenafil. We found species-specific effects in dogs (Beagle pain syndrome), mice (marked intestinal dilatation) and rats (adaptive reversible hepatocellular hypertrophy associated with secondary thyroid hypertrophy). All these effects in rodents and dogs have no relevance to humans. Morphometric thickness measurements of the retinal layers carried out in response to clinical observations of visual disturbances in humans indicated no difference between treated and control rats and dogs after up to 24 months of treatment. There was no evidence of histopathologic damage to any structures of the visual pathway. Sildenafil had no effects on fertility, no teratogenic potential, was not genotoxic and has no carcinogenic potential. In rats and dogs, safety ratios were 40:1 and 28:1, respectively, in terms of exposure over 24 h (AUC24 h) and 19:1 and 8:1, respectively, in terms of peak plasma concentration (Cmax). These safety ratios illustrate the separation between exposure to sildenafil of animals at large nontoxic doses and the much smaller human therapeutic exposure. This profile highlights the very low risk of human toxicity for sildenafil. The favourable results of the nonclinical safety evaluation of sildenafil in established animal models have been confirmed by many years of clinical experience during the development and marketing of sildenafil.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Abbott
- Pfizer Centre de Recherche, Amboise, France
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39
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Van Zyl A, Abbott D, Andrews D, Reaves P, Simpson H. Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from Manchester Royal Infirmary. Routine use of antibiotic ointment and wound healing. Emerg Med J 2002; 19:556. [PMID: 12421791 PMCID: PMC1756323 DOI: 10.1136/emj.19.6.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A short cut review was carried out to establish whether topical antibiotics improved the outcome of simple wounds. Altogether 71 papers were found using the reported search, of which one presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results, and study weaknesses of this best paper are tabulated. A clinical bottom line is stated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Van Zyl
- Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
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40
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Farin FM, Janssen P, Quigley S, Abbott D, Hassett C, Smith-Weller T, Franklin GM, Swanson PD, Longstreth WT, Omiecinski CJ, Checkoway H. Genetic polymorphisms of microsomal and soluble epoxide hydrolase and the risk of Parkinson's disease. Pharmacogenetics 2001; 11:703-8. [PMID: 11692079 DOI: 10.1097/00008571-200111000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is hypothesized to play a major role in the destruction of dopaminergic neurons, which is associated with Parkinson's disease. Epoxides are potentially reactive intermediates formed through the oxidative metabolism of both exogenous and endogenous substances that contribute to cytotoxic damage mediated by oxidative stress. The microsomal (EPHX1) and soluble (EPHX2) epoxide hydrolases function to regulate the oxidation status of a wide range of xenobiotic- and lipid-derived substrates; therefore, interindividual variation in these pathways may mitigate epoxide-related cellular injury. In this investigation, we examined the potential association between the risk of Parkinson's disease and genetic variation within the EPHX1 and EPHX2 genes. Fluorescent 5' nuclease-based assays were developed to identify the allelic status of individuals with respect to specific single nucleotide polymorphisms in exons 3 and 4 of the EPHX1 gene and exons 8 and 13 of the EPHX2 gene. EPHX1 and EPHX2 genotype data were obtained from 133 idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients and 212 control subjects matched on age, gender and ethnicity. No statistically significant differences were found in the distribution of the reference and variant alleles between Parkinson's disease and control subjects, or when results were stratified by gender. Therefore, common polymorphisms within EPHX1 and EPHX2 do not appear to be important risk factors for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Farin
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7234, USA
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41
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Wesley SV, Helliwell CA, Smith NA, Wang MB, Rouse DT, Liu Q, Gooding PS, Singh SP, Abbott D, Stoutjesdijk PA, Robinson SP, Gleave AP, Green AG, Waterhouse PM. Construct design for efficient, effective and high-throughput gene silencing in plants. Plant J 2001; 27:581-90. [PMID: 11576441 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.01105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 951] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional silencing of plant genes using anti-sense or co-suppression constructs usually results in only a modest proportion of silenced individuals. Recent work has demonstrated the potential for constructs encoding self-complementary 'hairpin' RNA (hpRNA) to efficiently silence genes. In this study we examine design rules for efficient gene silencing, in terms of both the proportion of independent transgenic plants showing silencing, and the degree of silencing. Using hpRNA constructs containing sense/anti-sense arms ranging from 98 to 853 nt gave efficient silencing in a wide range of plant species, and inclusion of an intron in these constructs had a consistently enhancing effect. Intron-containing constructs (ihpRNA) generally gave 90-100% of independent transgenic plants showing silencing. The degree of silencing with these constructs was much greater than that obtained using either co-suppression or anti-sense constructs. We have made a generic vector, pHANNIBAL, that allows a simple, single PCR product from a gene of interest to be easily converted into a highly effective ihpRNA silencing construct. We have also created a high-throughput vector, pHELLSGATE, that should facilitate the cloning of gene libraries or large numbers of defined genes, such as those in EST collections, using an in vitro recombinase system. This system may facilitate the large-scale determination and discovery of plant gene functions in the same way as RNAi is being used to examine gene function in Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Wesley
- CSIRO Plant Industry, PO Box 1600 Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
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42
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Abstract
In this paper we describe an apparent paradox concerning a moving plate capacitor driven by thermal noise from a resistor. The plates are attracted together, but a demon restores the plates of the capacitor to their original position when the voltage across the capacitor is small-hence only small forces are present for the demon to work against. The demon has to work harder than this to avoid the situation of perpetual motion, but the open question is how? This is unsolved, however we explore the concept of a moving plate capacitor by examining the case where it is still excited by thermal noise, but where the restoring force on the capacitor plates is provided by a simple spring rather than some unknown demon. We display simulation results with interesting behavior, particularly where the capacitor plates collide with each other. (c) 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. R. Davis
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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43
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Mancini GB, Yeoh E, Kamimura C, Abbott D. A comparison of quantitative coronary angiography systems using a unique set of in vivo coronary stenosis images. Can J Cardiol 2001; 17:785-91. [PMID: 11468645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the accuracy and precision of measurements of minimum lumen diameter (MLD) among two existing, and one new, quantitative coronary angiography systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS The analysis was performed using in vivo cinearteriograms of precisely drilled, radiolucent plastic beads that were inserted percutaneously into the coronary arteries of canines. The existing algorithms compared were the ArTrek and the Coronary Measurement System (CMS). The latter was applied in two modes: a mode based on a minimal cost analysis algorithm and a mode based on a gradient field transform. The new algorithm (CorTrek) was also applied in two modes: a mode called the ArTrek compatible mode and a mode known as the 'regression' mode. The latter mode uses a look-up table, based on a phantom calibration step, to readjust the measured MLD to overcome system nonlinearities (overestimation of small diameters and underestimation of large diameters). RESULTS In the absence of editing, the optimal accuracy (no significant bias) was achieved with the ArTrek compatible algorithm (-0.03 mm for an MLD between 0.83 and 1.83 mm). All other algorithms showed significant under- or overestimation of the MLD within this range. The precision ranged from 0.18 to 0.40 mm without editing, and was best with the ArTrek algorithm. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides in vivo validation and comparative performance characteristics of a new, accurate coronary quantitative angiography system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Mancini
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, Vancouver, Canada.
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44
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Volmer J, Abbott D, Anklin H, Armstrong C, Arrington J, Assamagan K, Avery S, Baker OK, Blok HP, Bochna C, Brash EJ, Breuer H, Chant N, Dunne J, Eden T, Ent R, Gaskell D, Gilman R, Gustafsson K, Hinton W, Huber GM, Jackson H, Jones MK, Keppel C, Kim PH, Kim W, Klein A, Koltenuk D, Liang M, Lolos GJ, Lung A, Mack DJ, McKee D, Meekins D, Mitchell J, Mkrtchyan H, Mueller B, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, Pitz D, Potterveld D, Qin LM, Reinhold J, Shin IK, Stepanyan S, Tadevosyan V, Tang LG, van der Meer RL, Vansyoc K, Van Westrum D, Vulcan W, Wood S, Yan C, Zhao WX, Zihlmann B. Measurement of the charged pion electromagnetic form factor. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:1713-1716. [PMID: 11290230 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.1713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Separated longitudinal and transverse structure functions for the reaction 1H(e,e(')pi(+))n were measured in the momentum transfer region Q2 = 0.6--1.6 (GeV/c)(2) at a value of the invariant mass W = 1.95 GeV. New values for the pion charge form factor were extracted from the longitudinal cross section by using a recently developed Regge model. The results indicate that the pion form factor in this region is larger than previously assumed and is consistent with a monopole parametrization fitted to very low Q2 elastic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Volmer
- NIKHEF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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Parrondo JM, Harmer GP, Abbott D. New paradoxical games based on brownian ratchets. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 85:5226-5229. [PMID: 11102227 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.5226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2000] [Revised: 08/07/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Based on Brownian ratchets, a counterintuitive phenomenon has recently emerged-namely, that two losing games can yield, when combined, a paradoxical tendency to win. A restriction of this phenomenon is that the rules depend on the current capital of the player. Here we present new games where all the rules depend only on the history of the game and not on the capital. This new history-dependent structure significantly increases the parameter space for which the effect operates.
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Affiliation(s)
- JM Parrondo
- Departamento Fisica Atomica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
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46
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Abbott D. Disaster public health considerations. Prehosp Disaster Med 2000; 15:158-66. [PMID: 11227603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of disaster public health preparedness, response, and recovery activities with particular reference to examples that have occurred in California. It discusses the public health considerations from two aspects: 1) general public health effects; and 2) public and environmental health control measures. The latter discussion is divided into: 1) drinking water; 2) human wastes; 3) food; 4) personal hygiene; 5) mass care and shelter; 6) solid waste and debris; 7) hazardous materials; 8) injury prevention programs and public health information; 9) vector control; and 10) disease control and surveillance. Two tables summarize the disaster medical and health functions as they relate to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Abbott
- Emergency Preparedness Office, Department of Health Services, State of California, 601 North 7th. Street, MS 396, P.O. Box 942732, Sacramento, CA 94234-7320, USA.
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Jacob S, Zelano B, Gungor A, Abbott D, Naclerio R, McClintock MK. Location and gross morphology of the nasopalatine duct in human adults. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000; 126:741-8. [PMID: 10864112 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.126.6.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the nasal opening of the human nasopalatine duct (NPD; a major duct of the vomeronasal system used in animals for chemical communication) by identifying its location, categorizing variations in physical characteristics, and assessing frequency of detection. DESIGN Two studies: (1) general study incorporating endoscopic examinations documented by videotapes and photographs, and an investigation of detection bias in terms of method of visualization and defining criteria for NPD identification; and (2) cadaver dissections examining NPD gross anatomy and proximity to the putative vomeronasal organ (VNO), the second major duct of the vomeronasal system. SETTING Department of Otolaryngology, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, Ill. SUBJECTS A total of 125 university community volunteers, with a mean age of 23 years. RESULTS (1) General study: NPD was located 1.9+/-0.02 cm (mean+/-SEM) dorsal to the columella nasi, and 0.2+/-0.01 cm above the nasal floor/septum junction, in both nostrils (90% bilateral), and was symmetrical in shape. An NPD was detected in 94% of 221 nostrils unobstructed in the region of interest. Fossa shapes were oval (57%), round (18%), spindle-shaped (18%), and tubular (7%). A small, round aperture was visualized in 30% of fossae. Among 3 observers, NPD detection frequency ranged from 94% to 40%, with the disparity due to inclusion of different defining characteristics. (2) Cadaver dissection study: bilateral nasal NPD fossae were found in every specimen probed to maximum approximate depth of 8 mm. No buccal pits associated with patent NPD were detected. Putative VNOs superior and just anterior to NPD fossae were detected in fewer than half the specimens. CONCLUSIONS The nasal opening of the NPD is bilateral and symmetrical, located at the base of the nasal septum. Unusually contradictory anatomical descriptions in the human putative VNO literature may be attributable to inexact descriptions or misidentification of structures. The function of NPD remains controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jacob
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Ill, USA
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Abbott D, Ahmidouch A, Anklin H, Arvieux J, Ball J, Beedoe S, Beise EJ, Bimbot L, Boeglin W, Breuer H, Brindza P, Carlini R, Chant NS, Danagoulian S, Dow K, Ducret J, Dunne J, Ewell L, Eyraud L, Furget C, Garcon M, Gilman R, Glashausser C, Gueye P, Gustafsson K, Hafidi K. Measurement of tensor polarization in elastic electron-deuteron scattering at large momentum transfer. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 84:5053-5057. [PMID: 10990865 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.5053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tensor polarization observables ( t(20), t(21), and t(22)) have been measured in elastic electron-deuteron scattering for six values of momentum transfer between 0.66 and 1.7 (GeV/c)(2). The experiment was performed at the Jefferson Laboratory in Hall C using the electron High Momentum Spectrometer, a specially designed deuteron magnetic channel and the recoil deuteron polarimeter POLDER. The new data determine to much larger Q2 the deuteron charge form factors G(C) and G(Q). They are in good agreement with relativistic calculations and disagree with perturbative QCD predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Abbott
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
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Rouadi P, Baroody FM, Abbott D, Naureckas E, Solway J, Naclerio RM. A technique to measure the ability of the human nose to warm and humidify air. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1999; 87:400-6. [PMID: 10409601 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1999.87.1.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the ability of the nose to warm and humidify inhaled air, we developed a nasopharyngeal probe and measured the temperature and humidity of air exiting the nasal cavity. We delivered cold, dry air (19-1 degrees C, <10% relative humidity) or hot, humid air (37 degrees C, >90% relative humidity) to the nose via a nasal mask at flow rates of 5, 10, and 20 l/min. We used a water gradient across the nose (water content in nasopharynx minus water content of delivered air) to assess nasal function. We studied the characteristics of nasal air conditioning in 22 asymptomatic, seasonally allergic subjects (out of their allergy season) and 11 nonallergic normal subjects. Inhalation of hot, humid air at increasingly higher flow rates had little effect on both the relative humidity and the temperature of air in the nasopharynx. In both groups, increasing the flow of cold, dry air lowered both the temperature and the water content of the inspired air measured in the nasopharynx, although the relative humidity remained at 100%. Water gradient values obtained during cold dry air challenges on separate days showed reproducibility in both allergic and nonallergic subjects. After exposure to cold, dry air, the water gradient was significantly lower in allergic than in nonallergic subjects (1,430 +/- 45 vs. 1,718 +/- 141 mg; P = 0.02), suggesting an impairment in their ability to warm and humidify inhaled air.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rouadi
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Leiter LA, Abbott D, Campbell NR, Mendelson R, Ogilvie RI, Chockalingam A. Lifestyle modifications to prevent and control hypertension. 2. Recommendations on obesity and weight loss. Canadian Hypertension Society, Canadian Coalition for High Blood Pressure Prevention and Control, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control at Health Canada, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. CMAJ 1999; 160:S7-12. [PMID: 10333848 PMCID: PMC1230334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide updated, evidence-based recommendations concerning the effects of weight loss and maintenance of healthy weight on the prevention and control of hypertension in otherwise healthy adults (except pregnant women). OPTIONS The main options are to attain and maintain a healthy body weight (body mass index [BMI] 20-25 kg/m2) or not to do so. For those at risk for hypertension, weight loss and maintenance of healthy weight may prevent the condition. For those who have hypertension, weight loss and maintenance of healthy weight may reduce or obviate the need for antihypertensive medications. OUTCOMES The health outcome considered was change in blood pressure. Because of insufficient evidence, no economic outcomes were considered. EVIDENCE A MEDLINE search was conducted for the years 1992-1996 with the terms hypertension and obesity in combination and antihypertensive therapy and obesity in combination. Other relevant evidence was obtained from the reference lists of the articles identified, from the personal files of the authors and through contacts with experts. The articles were reviewed, classified according to study design and graded according to level of evidence. VALUES A high value was placed on the avoidance of cardiovascular morbidity and premature death caused by untreated hypertension. BENEFITS, HARMS AND COSTS Weight loss and the maintenance of healthy body weight reduces the blood pressure of both hypertensive and normotensive people. The indirect benefits of a health body weight are well known. The negative effects of weight loss are primarily the frustrations associated with attaining and maintaining a healthy weight. The costs associated with weight loss programs were not measured in the studies reviewed. RECOMMENDATIONS (1) It is recommended that health care professionals determine weight (in kilograms), height (in metres) and BMI for all adults. (2) To reduce blood pressure in the population at large, it is recommended that Canadians attain and maintain a healthy BMI (20-25). (3) All overweight hypertensive patients (BMI greater than 25) should be advised to reduce their weight. VALIDATION These recommendations are similar to those of the World Hypertension League, the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on Primary Prevention of Hypertension, the Canadian Hypertension Society and the Canadian Coalition for High Blood Pressure Prevention and Control. They have not been clinically tested. SPONSORS The Canadian Hypertension Society, the Canadian Coalition for High Blood Pressure Prevention and Control, the Laboratory Centre for Disease Control at Health Canada, and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Leiter
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ont
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