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Fa'ak F, Buni M, Falohun A, Lu H, Song J, Johnson DH, Zobniw CM, Trinh VA, Awiwi MO, Tahon NH, Elsayes KM, Ludford K, Montazari EJ, Chernis J, Dimitrova M, Sandigursky S, Sparks JA, Abu-Shawer O, Rahma O, Thanarajasingam U, Zeman AM, Talukder R, Singh N, Chung SH, Grivas P, Daher M, Abudayyeh A, Osman I, Weber J, Tayar JH, Suarez-Almazor ME, Abdel-Wahab N, Diab A. Selective immune suppression using interleukin-6 receptor inhibitors for management of immune-related adverse events. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006814. [PMID: 37328287 PMCID: PMC10277540 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) is important as they cause treatment interruption or discontinuation, more often seen with combination immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Here, we retrospectively evaluated the safety and effectiveness of anti-interleukin-6 receptor (anti-IL-6R) as therapy for irAEs. METHODS We performed a retrospective multicenter study evaluating patients diagnosed with de novo irAEs or flare of pre-existing autoimmune disease following ICI and were treated with anti-IL-6R. Our objectives were to assess the improvement of irAEs as well as the overall tumor response rate (ORR) before and after anti-IL-6R treatment. RESULTS We identified a total of 92 patients who received therapeutic anti-IL-6R antibodies (tocilizumab or sarilumab). Median age was 61 years, 63% were men, 69% received anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibodies alone, and 26% patients were treated with the combination of anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies. Cancer types were primarily melanoma (46%), genitourinary cancer (35%), and lung cancer (8%). Indications for using anti-IL-6R antibodies included inflammatory arthritis (73%), hepatitis/cholangitis (7%), myositis/myocarditis/myasthenia gravis (5%), polymyalgia rheumatica (4%), and one patient each with autoimmune scleroderma, nephritis, colitis, pneumonitis and central nervous system vasculitis. Notably, 88% of patients had received corticosteroids, and 36% received other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) as first-line therapies, but without adequate improvement. After initiation of anti-IL-6R (as first-line or post-corticosteroids and DMARDs), 73% of patients showed resolution or change to ≤grade 1 of irAEs after a median of 2.0 months from initiation of anti-IL-6R therapy. Six patients (7%) stopped anti-IL-6R due to adverse events. Of 70 evaluable patients by RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) V.1.1 criteria; the ORR was 66% prior versus 66% after anti-IL-6R (95% CI, 54% to 77%), with 8% higher complete response rate. Of 34 evaluable patients with melanoma, the ORR was 56% prior and increased to 68% after anti-IL-6R (p=0.04). CONCLUSION Targeting IL-6R could be an effective approach to treat several irAE types without hindering antitumor immunity. This study supports ongoing clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of tocilizumab (anti-IL-6R antibody) in combination with ICIs (NCT04940299, NCT03999749).
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Fa'ak
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maryam Buni
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Adewunmi Falohun
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Huifang Lu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Juhee Song
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Van A Trinh
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Khaled M Elsayes
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kaysia Ludford
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Emma J Montazari
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Julia Chernis
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston John P and Katherine G McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maya Dimitrova
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sabina Sandigursky
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Sparks
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Osama Abu-Shawer
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Osama Rahma
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Rafee Talukder
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Namrata Singh
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sarah H Chung
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Petros Grivas
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - May Daher
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ala Abudayyeh
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Iman Osman
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey Weber
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jean H Tayar
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Noha Abdel-Wahab
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Assiut University Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Adi Diab
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Zhou Y, Medik YB, Patel B, Zamler DB, Chen S, Chapman T, Schneider S, Park EM, Babcock RL, Chrisikos TT, Kahn LM, Dyevoich AM, Pineda JE, Wong MC, Mishra AK, Cass SH, Cogdill AP, Johnson DH, Johnson SB, Wani K, Ledesma DA, Hudgens CW, Wang J, Wadud Khan MA, Peterson CB, Joon AY, Peng W, Li HS, Arora R, Tang X, Raso MG, Zhang X, Foo WC, Tetzlaff MT, Diehl GE, Clise-Dwyer K, Whitley EM, Gubin MM, Allison JP, Hwu P, Ajami NJ, Diab A, Wargo JA, Watowich SS. Intestinal toxicity to CTLA-4 blockade driven by IL-6 and myeloid infiltration. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221333. [PMID: 36367776 PMCID: PMC9664499 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer treatment, yet quality of life and continuation of therapy can be constrained by immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Limited understanding of irAE mechanisms hampers development of approaches to mitigate their damage. To address this, we examined whether mice gained sensitivity to anti-CTLA-4 (αCTLA-4)-mediated toxicity upon disruption of gut homeostatic immunity. We found αCTLA-4 drove increased inflammation and colonic tissue damage in mice with genetic predisposition to intestinal inflammation, acute gastrointestinal infection, transplantation with a dysbiotic fecal microbiome, or dextran sodium sulfate administration. We identified an immune signature of αCTLA-4-mediated irAEs, including colonic neutrophil accumulation and systemic interleukin-6 (IL-6) release. IL-6 blockade combined with antibiotic treatment reduced intestinal damage and improved αCTLA-4 therapeutic efficacy in inflammation-prone mice. Intestinal immune signatures were validated in biopsies from patients with ICB colitis. Our work provides new preclinical models of αCTLA-4 intestinal irAEs, mechanistic insights into irAE development, and potential approaches to enhance ICB efficacy while mitigating irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yusra B. Medik
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Bhakti Patel
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Daniel B. Zamler
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
| | - Sijie Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology; Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas Chapman
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sarah Schneider
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
- Department of Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Elizabeth M. Park
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Rachel L. Babcock
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
| | - Taylor T. Chrisikos
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
| | - Laura M. Kahn
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
| | - Allison M. Dyevoich
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Josue E. Pineda
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
| | - Matthew C. Wong
- Platform for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Aditya K. Mishra
- Platform for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Samuel H. Cass
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Alexandria P. Cogdill
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
| | - Daniel H. Johnson
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sarah B. Johnson
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Khalida Wani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Debora A. Ledesma
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Courtney W. Hudgens
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Md Abdul Wadud Khan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Christine B. Peterson
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Aron Y. Joon
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Weiyi Peng
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Haiyan S. Li
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Reetakshi Arora
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ximing Tang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Maria Gabriela Raso
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xuegong Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology; Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wai Chin Foo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michael T. Tetzlaff
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Gretchen E. Diehl
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Karen Clise-Dwyer
- Department of Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Elizabeth M. Whitley
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Matthew M. Gubin
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - James P. Allison
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Patrick Hwu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Nadim J. Ajami
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Platform for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Adi Diab
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jennifer A. Wargo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Platform for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Stephanie S. Watowich
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
- Platform for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Zhou Y, Medik YB, Patel B, Zamler DB, Chen S, Chapman T, Schneider S, Babcock RL, Chrisikos TT, Kahn LM, Dyevoich AM, Park EM, Cogdill AP, Johnson DH, Johnson SB, Wani KM, Ledesma DA, Hudgens CW, Wang J, Khan MAW, Joon AY, Peng W, Li HS, Arora R, Tang X, Raso MG, Zhang X, Foo WC, Tetzlaff MT, Diehl GE, Clise-Dwyer K, Whitley EM, Gubin MM, Allison JP, Hwu P, Ajami NJ, Diab A, Wargo JA, Watowich SS. Abstract 5545: Intestinal toxicity to CTLA-4 blockade driven by IL-6 and myeloid infiltration. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Immunotherapies such as anti-CTLA-4 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) have revolutionized cancer treatment, yet quality of life and continuation of therapy can be constrained by off-target tissue damage or immune-related adverse events (irAEs). At present, there is limited understanding of irAE mechanisms, hampering development of approaches to mitigate their damage. We addressed this problem by generating animal models of intestinal irAE. Our results show that disruption of homeostatic immunity by genetic predisposition to intestinal inflammation or acute gastrointestinal infection sensitizes mice to anti-CTLA-4-mediated intestinal toxicity. Inflammation-prone mice treated with anti-CTLA-4 showed neutrophil accumulation, systemic interleukin-6 (IL-6) release, and dysbiosis. Significantly, IL-6 blockade combined with antibiotic treatment improved anti-CTLA-4 therapeutic efficacy and reduced intestinal irAEs. Immune signatures were validated in biopsies from patients who developed colitis during ICB, supporting the utility of our models. This study provides new pre-clinical models, mechanistic insight into irAEs, and potential approaches to enhance ICB efficacy while mitigating irAEs.
Citation Format: Yifan Zhou, Yusra B. Medik, Bhakti Patel, Daniel B. Zamler, Sijie Chen, Thomas Chapman, Sarah Schneider, Rachel L. Babcock, Taylor T. Chrisikos, Laura M. Kahn, Allison M. Dyevoich, Elizabeth M. Park, Alexandria P. Cogdill, Daniel H. Johnson, Sarah B. Johnson, Khalida M. Wani, Debora A. Ledesma, Courtney W. Hudgens, Jingjing Wang, Md Abdul Wadud Khan, Aron Y. Joon, Weiyi Peng, Haiyan S. Li, Reetakshi Arora, Ximing Tang, Maria Gabriela Raso, Xuegong Zhang, Wai Chin Foo, Michael T. Tetzlaff, Gretchen E. Diehl, Karen Clise-Dwyer, Elizabeth M. Whitley, Matthew M. Gubin, James P. Allison, Patrick Hwu, Nadim J. Ajami, Adi Diab, Jennifer A. Wargo, Stephanie S. Watowich. Intestinal toxicity to CTLA-4 blockade driven by IL-6 and myeloid infiltration [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5545.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yusra B. Medik
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Bhakti Patel
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Thomas Chapman
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sarah Schneider
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Laura M. Kahn
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Khalida M. Wani
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Jingjing Wang
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Aron Y. Joon
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Weiyi Peng
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Haiyan S. Li
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Reetakshi Arora
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ximing Tang
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Wai Chin Foo
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Hwu
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Nadim J. Ajami
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Adi Diab
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Johnson DH, Hailemichael Y, Bentebibel SE, Abdel-Wahab N, Cho S, Foo WC, Wani K, Watowich SS, Ekmekcioglu S, Diab A. Abstract 4177: Th17 inhibition with interleukin 6 blockade decouples immunotoxicity from tumor immunity. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-4177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Durable remission rates with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy remain low. Combination ICI therapies could overcome immune resistance but are associated with higher rates of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). To elucidate the underlying irAE immunobiology, we profiled human intestinal tissue, enterocolitis (irEC), and tumor tissue from ICI-treated patients using NanoString PanCancer Immune Panel (NanoPCIP) and multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC); hypotheses generated from these translational results for potential irAE treatments were tested in parallel preclinical mouse model studies. In 23 patients identified with both normal intestinal and irEC tissue, we found genes encoding interleukin-6 (IL-6), Th17 differentiating cytokine, and neutrophil and monocyte chemotactic molecules were the highest significantly upregulated in irEC compared to patient-matched normal intestine. Using NanoPCIP cell scoring (23 patients) and mIHC (27 patients), Th17 cells were significantly higher in irEC than Th1 cells. T-cell subsets were similar between anti-CTLA-4 based regimen versus anti-PD-1monotherapy induced irEC, except Th17 memory cells were significantly higher CTLA-4i-induced irEC. We compared the degree of differential gene expression in irEC (normal intestine versus irEC) to the differential expression in tumors (baseline versus on-treatment tumors). The genes highest upregulated in irEC (including Th17 differentiating cytokines IL-6 and IL-1B) were not upregulated in responding tumors from patients receiving ICI. NanoPCIP Th17 cell score was significantly more upregulated than Th1 cells and neutrophils more upregulated than CD8 T cells in the irEC analysis, but not in the responding tumor analysis where IL-12 and CD8 cell score was significantly upregualted . Based on these discoveries, we used C57BL/6 and Balb/c mouse strains to address whether the antitumor effect of ICIs can be enhanced by IL-6 blockade while also improving irAEs. We found that IL-6 blockade + ICI was associated with improved tumor control and a higher density of CD4/CD8 effector T-cells, with reduced Th17, macrophages, and MDSCs compared to ICI alone. Furthermore, in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model, the pathogenesis of which is well documented to be Th17 mediated (Robinson et al., 2014), we demonstrated that combined IL-6 blockade and ICI enhanced tumor rejection while simultaneously mitigating EAE symptoms versus ICI alone. Based on the totality of the basic science, translational, and clinical data we hypothesize that IL-6 blockade combined with ICIs could de-couple autoimmunity from antitumor immunity. We are currently conducting a prospective phase 2 trials of combination ipilimumab (3mg/kg) + Nivolumab (1mg/kg) + Tocilizumab in patients with metastatic melanoma, EGFR mutant NSCLC, and urothelial carcinoma ( NCT04940299).
Citation Format: Daniel H. Johnson, Yared Hailemichael, Salah-Eddine Bentebibel, Noha Abdel-Wahab, Sungnam Cho, Wai C. Foo, Khalida Wani, Stephanie S. Watowich, Suhendan Ekmekcioglu, Adi Diab. Th17 inhibition with interleukin 6 blockade decouples immunotoxicity from tumor immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 4177.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sungnam Cho
- 2University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Wai C. Foo
- 2University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Khalida Wani
- 2University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Adi Diab
- 2University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Bessudo A, Cohen EE, Gutierrez R, Johnson DH, Rosenberg A, Weinberg BA, Ulahannan SV, Reuveni H, Schickler M, Liang BC. Interim safety and efficacy results from a phase 1 study of NT219 in adults with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3096 Background: NT219 is a small molecule, effecting IRS1/2 degradation and inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation. IRS1/2 and STAT3 are major signaling junctions regulated by various oncogenes, altered during epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and drug resistance, and play an important role in the tumor and its microenvironment. A Phase 1/2 study (NCT04474470) includes a dose escalation of NT219 administered weekly for the treatment of relapsed and/or refractory cancer patients. Methods: In the dose escalation part of the study involving a conventional 3+3 design, patients with recurrent and/or metastatic solid tumors were administered intravenously with NT219 at 3, 6, 12 and 24mg/kg. Safety was assessed according to CTCAE v5 and anti-tumor activity was assessed by the investigators according to RECISTv1.1 using CT/MRI. The primary objectives of this part of the study are to evaluate safety, tolerability, PK and determine the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D). The study includes evaluation of potential biomarkers including measurements of STAT3, IRS1/2 phosphorylation, and TILs in biopsy specimens. Results: As of data cutoff date of February 8, 2022, a total of 13 patients were enrolled to 4 NT219 dose levels (3 - 24mg/kg) in the dose escalation phase, of which 11 were evaluable for dose limiting toxicity (DLT) determination, including 4 with colorectal cancer (CRC), 2 with pancreatic cancer, 2 with breast cancer, and one of each of the following cancers: gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), esophageal, appendiceal, papillary thyroid, and mesothelioma. Median number of prior treatment regimens for metastatic disease was 4 (2-11). Six Grade 3 adverse events (AEs) were observed, including alkaline phosphatase increase, aspartate aminotransferase increase, toxic encephalopathy, worsening back pain, abdominopelvic ascites, closed displaced fracture of right femoral neck, with the first 2 considered as possibly related to NT219. No Grade 4 AEs or treatment related deaths were reported. For the 11 evaluable patients, best overall response included one confirmed PR (GEJ patient, 5.5 months duration of response), and 3 SD (3 of 4 CRC patients; duration of 5.2, 4, and 2 months with ongoing follow up) with two patients awaiting follow up MRI/CT scans. As of the cutoff date, 9/11 patients that completed the DLT period are either on treatment or in follow up (range 1.1 to 14.7 months). Conclusions: Interim analysis of safety results obtained in 4 NT219 dose levels found NT219 to be well tolerated without DLTs in advanced cancer patients. The observed durable PR in a GEJ patient and SDs in 3 CRC patients are an encouraging initial signal of efficacy. Combination treatment of cetuximab with escalating NT219 doses in patients with recurrent/metastatic CRC and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) has begun. An expansion cohort in patients with recurrent/metastatic SCCHN will be initiated at the conclusion of this part. Clinical trial information: NCT04474470.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodolfo Gutierrez
- The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Affilliate, Santa Monica, CA
| | - Daniel H. Johnson
- Precision Cancer Therapies Program at Ochsner Health, New Orleans, LA
| | - Ari Rosenberg
- University of Chicago, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Benjamin Adam Weinberg
- Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
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Lutzky J, Marron TU, Powell SF, Johnson DH, Patel M, El-Khoueiry AB, Sarantopoulos J, Dadi-Mehmetaj S, Russell L, Russell SJ, Peng KW, Kaesshaefer S, Gullo G, Bexon AS, Sznol M. Optimization of Voyager V1 (VV1) oncolytic virus systemic delivery in combination with cemiplimab and ipilimumab in patients with melanoma and non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.tps9595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPS9595 Background: There is a need for novel immunotherapies to address the patient population that never or no longer responds to immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI). VV1 is an oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus engineered to express human interferon beta (IFNβ) to enhance cellular anti-tumor immune responses and tumor selectivity. Phase 1 studies demonstrated VV1 anti-tumor activity in several malignancies with or without a CPI. We are exploring ways to optimize VV1 efficacy in combination with cemiplimab, an anti-PD1 antibody approved for lung, basal and squamous cell skin cancers. Recent clinical data support a 5-fold higher dose of VV1 than was previously explored, and pre-clinical data show synergy between the oncolytic and an anti-CTLA4 antibody, in addition to cemiplimab, supporting exploration of a triplet. What was originally a five-arm study of intravenous (IV) VV1 in combination with IV cemiplimab has been amended to focus on 2 means of optimizing efficacy: use of a higher dose of VV1 and triplet combination in proof-of-concept populations. Methods: We are now enrolling pts with advanced melanoma (after progression on anti-PD1) and plan to include 1st-line NSCLC pts with PD-L1 expression ≥50%. The study is first exploring the preliminary anti-tumor activity, safety, and immunogenic activity of the combination of IV VV1 at a dose of 1.0 x 1011 TCID50 once on D1 followed by IV cemiplimab Q3W starting on D8, or the same regimen with an additional intratumoral injection of VV1 1.0 x 109 TCID50 once on D1 for pts with accessible lesions. Pts receive IV cemiplimab Q3W until confirmed disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Once at least 6 pts have been treated with acceptable safety across the 2 melanoma doublet cohorts using this higher dose of VV1, a 3rd melanoma cohort will open to add a single dose of ipilimumab 50 mg on D1 (all IV triplet). Once 6 melanoma pts have received the triplet safely, the 1st-line NSCLC cohort will open. All cohort decisions are guided by a Data Review Committee. Cohorts will be expanded based on a Simon 2-stage design using a type I error rate of 0.05 and power of 85%. Null ORR is 10% with a target of 35% for 2nd line melanoma and null ORR is 40% in 1st line NSCLC with a target of 70%. Each melanoma cohort will require a response in ≥2 of 10 pts in the 1st stage to add 11 more in the 2nd stage, while NSCLC will first need 5/9 evaluable pts to respond, then an additional 13 to complete the design. Response is assessed at week 7 then Q9W per RECIST v1.1. The study includes serial biopsies in ≥3/10 pts in Stage 1 of each of the IV melanoma cohorts (doublet and triplet therapy), all pts in Stage 2 of these IV melanoma cohorts, and all pts in both Stage 1 and Stage 2 of the IV/IT melanoma cohort, to permit a thorough investigation of the impact of the 3 immunotherapies under investigation. The study is currently ongoing in the USA. Clinical trial information: NCT04291105.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Lutzky
- University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John Sarantopoulos
- Institute for Drug Development, Mays Cancer Center at University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mario Sznol
- Yale Cancer Center, Smilow Cancer Hospital of the Yale–New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Hailemichael Y, Johnson DH, Abdel-Wahab N, Foo WC, Bentebibel SE, Daher M, Haymaker C, Wani K, Saberian C, Ogata D, Kim ST, Nurieva R, Lazar AJ, Abu-Sbeih H, Fa'ak F, Mathew A, Wang Y, Falohun A, Trinh V, Zobniw C, Spillson C, Burks JK, Awiwi M, Elsayes K, Soto LS, Melendez BD, Davies MA, Wargo J, Curry J, Yee C, Lizee G, Singh S, Sharma P, Allison JP, Hwu P, Ekmekcioglu S, Diab A. Interleukin-6 blockade abrogates immunotherapy toxicity and promotes tumor immunity. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:509-523.e6. [PMID: 35537412 PMCID: PMC9221568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy frequently induces immune-related adverse events. To elucidate the underlying immunobiology, we performed a deep immune analysis of intestinal, colitis, and tumor tissue from ICB-treated patients with parallel studies in preclinical models. Expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), neutrophil, and chemotactic markers was higher in colitis than in normal intestinal tissue; T helper 17 (Th17) cells were more prevalent in immune-related enterocolitis (irEC) than T helper 1 (Th1). Anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (anti-CTLA-4) induced stronger Th17 memory in colitis than anti-program death 1 (anti-PD-1). In murine models, IL-6 blockade associated with improved tumor control and a higher density of CD4+/CD8+ effector T cells, with reduced Th17, macrophages, and myeloid cells. In an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model with tumors, combined IL-6 blockade and ICB enhanced tumor rejection while simultaneously mitigating EAE symptoms versus ICB alone. IL-6 blockade with ICB could de-couple autoimmunity from antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yared Hailemichael
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel H Johnson
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Precision Cancer Therapies Program, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Ochsner Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Noha Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Section of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Assiut University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Wai Chin Foo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Salah-Eddine Bentebibel
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - May Daher
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Khalida Wani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chantal Saberian
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dai Ogata
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sang T Kim
- Section of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roza Nurieva
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hamzah Abu-Sbeih
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Faisal Fa'ak
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antony Mathew
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yinghong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adewunmi Falohun
- Section of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Van Trinh
- Pharmacy Clinical Programs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chrystia Zobniw
- Pharmacy Clinical Programs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christine Spillson
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jared K Burks
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Muhammad Awiwi
- Department of Abdominal Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Khaled Elsayes
- Department of Abdominal Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luisa Solis Soto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brenda D Melendez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jonathan Curry
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cassian Yee
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gregory Lizee
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shalini Singh
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Padmanee Sharma
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James P Allison
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suhendan Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adi Diab
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Haymaker C, Johnson DH, Murthy R, Bentebibel SE, Uemura MI, Hudgens CW, Safa H, James M, Andtbacka RHI, Johnson DB, Shaheen M, Davies MA, Rahimian S, Chunduru SK, Milton DR, Tetzlaff MT, Overwijk WW, Hwu P, Gabrail N, Agrawal S, Doolittle G, Puzanov I, Markowitz J, Bernatchez C, Diab A. Tilsotolimod with Ipilimumab Drives Tumor Responses in Anti-PD-1 Refractory Melanoma. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1996-2013. [PMID: 33707233 PMCID: PMC8544022 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many patients with advanced melanoma are resistant to immune checkpoint inhibition. In the ILLUMINATE-204 phase I/II trial, we assessed intratumoral tilsotolimod, an investigational Toll-like receptor 9 agonist, with systemic ipilimumab in patients with anti-PD-1- resistant advanced melanoma. In all patients, 48.4% experienced grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events. The overall response rate at the recommended phase II dose of 8 mg was 22.4%, and an additional 49% of patients had stable disease. Responses in noninjected lesions and in patients expected to be resistant to ipilimumab monotherapy were observed. Rapid induction of a local IFNα gene signature, dendritic cell maturation and enhanced markers of antigen presentation, and T-cell clonal expansion correlated with clinical response. A phase III clinical trial with this combination (NCT03445533) is ongoing. SIGNIFICANCE: Despite recent developments in advanced melanoma therapies, most patients do not experience durable responses. Intratumoral tilsotolimod injection elicits a rapid, local type 1 IFN response and, in combination with ipilimumab, activates T cells to promote clinical activity, including in distant lesions and patients not expected to respond to ipilimumab alone.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1861.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel H Johnson
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ravi Murthy
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Salah-Eddine Bentebibel
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marc I Uemura
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Courtney W Hudgens
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Houssein Safa
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marihella James
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert H I Andtbacka
- Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Montaser Shaheen
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Denái R Milton
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael T Tetzlaff
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Willem W Overwijk
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nashat Gabrail
- Department of Oncology, Gabrail Cancer Center, Canton, Ohio
| | - Sudhir Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Gary Doolittle
- Department of Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Igor Puzanov
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Joseph Markowitz
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Adi Diab
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Maslov DV, Tawagi K, Kc M, Simenson V, Yuan H, Parent C, Bamnolker A, Goel R, Blake Z, Matrana MR, Johnson DH. Timing of steroid initiation and response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-002261. [PMID: 34226279 PMCID: PMC8258666 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corticosteroids (CS) are the mainstay of immune-related adverse effect (irAE) management, as well as for other indications in cancer treatment. Previous studies evaluating whether CS affect immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) efficacy compared patients receiving CS versus no CS. However, there is a paucity of clinical data evaluating the timing of concomitant CS and CPI efficacy. Methods We retrospectively collected data from patients who received CS during CPI treatment at a single institution. Patients were in two cohorts based on timing of initiation of CS (≥2 months vs <2 months after initiating CPI). Patient characteristics, irAEs, cancer type, treatment type, treatment response/progression per RECIST V.1.1, and survival data were collected. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression methods estimated HRs for the primary endpoint of progression-free survival (PFS) along with overall survival (OS). Results We identified 247 patients with metastatic cancer who received CS concurrently with CPIs. The median time on CS was 1.8 months. After adjusting for treatment type, tumor type, brain metastases, and irAEs, those treated with CS ≥2 months after starting CPI had a statistically significant longer PFS (HR=0.30, p<0.001), and OS (HR 0.34, p<0.0001) than those who received CS <2 months after starting CPI. Objective response rate (ORR) for patients on CS ≥2 months was 39.8%, versus ORR for patients <2 months was 14.7% (p value =<0.001) Conclusion Our results suggest that early use of CS during CPI treatment significantly hinders CPI efficacy. This data needs to be validated prospectively. Future studies should focus on the immune mechanisms by which CSs affect T-cell function early in the CPI treatment course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana V Maslov
- Internal Medicine, Ochsner Medical Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Karine Tawagi
- Hematology/Oncology, Ochsner Medical Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Madhav Kc
- Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Victoria Simenson
- Internal Medicine, Ochsner Medical Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Helen Yuan
- Internal Medicine, Ochsner Medical Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Cameron Parent
- Internal Medicine, Ochsner Medical Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Adi Bamnolker
- Internal Medicine, Ochsner Medical Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Richa Goel
- Internal Medicine, Ochsner Medical Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Zoe Blake
- Medical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marc R Matrana
- Hematology/Oncology, Ochsner Cancer Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Daniel H Johnson
- Hematology/Oncology, Ochsner Cancer Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Bessudo A, Cohen EE, Gutierrez R, Johnson DH, Rosenberg A, Sukari A, Stemmer SM, Weinberg BA, Reuveni H, Schickler M, Liang BC. A phase 1/2 study with open-label, dose escalation phase followed by single-arm expansion at the maximum tolerated dose to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy of NT219 injection alone and in combination with cetuximab in adults with advanced solid tumors and head and neck cancer. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.tps3156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPS3156 Background: NT219 is a small molecule, dual inhibitor of insulin receptor substrates (IRS) 1/2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), effecting IRS1/2 degradation and inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation. IRS1/2 and STAT3 are major signaling junctions regulated by various oncogenes, altered during epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and drug resistance, and play an important role in the tumor and its microenvironment. Patient derived xenograft (PDX) models have shown that inhibition of both IRS and STAT3 is essential to overcome targeted epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (EGFRi) resistance, and NT219 has demonstrated efficacy as monotherapy and in combination with immune oncology therapies. Particularly, both pathways have been found to be relevant in resistance to cetuximab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) PDX models. Methods: This phase 1/2 study (Clinical trial: NCT04474470) began in September 2020. The phase 1 component has a dose escalation arm of NT219 as a single agent at doses ranging between 3mg/kg and 50mg/kg in adult subjects with recurrent and/or metastatic solid tumors enrolled in sequential dose cohorts of 3 to 6 subjects, in a conventional 3+3 design aiming to establish the safety of single agent NT219. Following the conclusion of follow up on the third dose cohort, an additional dose-escalation arm of NT219 in combination with standard dose cetuximab will be opened in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC and colorectal cancer, aiming to establish the safety of NT219 when combined with cetuximab. In the expansion phase, 29 patients will be enrolled at the recommended phase 2 dose in combination with standard dose cetuximab in patients with recurrent/metastatic HNSCC. The primary objectives of the trial are safety, tolerability, MTD, and RP2D and preliminary efficacy of NT219 alone and in combination with cetuximab. Measurements of STAT3 and IRS1/2 phosphorylation in biopsy specimens and TILs will be evaluated as potential biomarkers. NT219 provides a first-in-class treatment for patients with resistant neoplastic disease. The current trial will provide important data in patients with recurrent/metastatic cancers, particularly, HNSCC on the effects of the inhibition of STAT3 and IRS1/2 pathways as a novel therapeutic approach. Clinical trial information: NCT04474470.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bessudo
- California Cancer Care Associates for Research and Excellence, Encinitas, CA
| | | | - Rodolfo Gutierrez
- The Angeles Clinical and Research Institute, a Cedars-Sinai Affiliate, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | | | - Salomon M. Stemmer
- Davidoff Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Maslov D, Tawagi K, Simenson V, Yuan H, Parent C, Bamnolker A, Goel R, Blake Z, KC M, Matrana MR, Johnson DH. Impact of body mass index on survival rates in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e15108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e15108 Background: Obesity is associated with 13 different cancer types, accounting for 40% of all cancers1. A few studies have linked a higher Body Mass Index (BMI) with longer Progression Free Survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS) from immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI)s in patients with advanced melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma2,3,4. Our study evaluates CPI efficacy in patients with multiple tumor types in relation to Body Mass Index (BMI). Methods: We retrospectively collected data from patients treated with CPIs alone who also received steroids during their treatment from a single institution. This data included demographics such as age, sex, and BMI. Response and progression were defined per RECIST v1.1. The association of BMI and PFS was assessed by exact chi-square test. Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression methods were used to estimate the survival probability and hazard ratios. Results: We identified a total of 129 overweight or obese patients (49%) with stage IV cancer who received CPI therapy. CDC guidelines define overweight as BMI > 25 and obese as BMI > 30. There was a significant relationship between PFS and BMI. Median PFS for those overweight was 287 days and 479 days for obese. Those with BMI 18.5-25 (normal), median PFS was 128 days and 103 days for those underweight (BMI < 18.5), (p = .0024). There was also a significant relationship between OS and BMI. Median OS for those obese was 751 days, for those overweight was 462 days. Median OS for those normal weight was 281 days and those underweight was 273 days (p = .0005). Obese patients had a 48% reduced risk of progression of disease/death as compared to those who had normal BMI (Hazard Ratio 0.52, p = .019). Overweight had a 31.5% relative risk reduction (HR 0.685, p = .05). Overall Response Rate was not significant between the two groups but there was a strong trend (p = .087). Conclusions: Higher BMI was associated with improved PFS and OS in patients with metastatic cancer across 20 different tumor types. Further investigation into the immune mechanisms behind this may lead to improvement in CPI efficacy for all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zoe Blake
- University of Queensland Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, LA
| | - Madhav KC
- LSU Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA
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Tawagi K, Maslov D, Simenson V, Yuan H, Parent C, Bamnolker A, Goel R, Blake Z, KC M, Matrana MR, Johnson DH. Cumulative steroid doses and response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e15133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e15133 Background: Steroids are the mainstay of immune-related adverse effect (irAE) management, as well as for other indications in cancer treatment. Previous studies evaluating whether steroids have an effect on immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) efficacy compared patients receiving steroids vs. no steroids. This comparison may be confounded by different rates of irAEs and a known association of irAEs with higher response rates to CPIs. There is a paucity of CPI efficacy data in relation to the total dose of concomitant steroids. Methods: We retrospectively collected data from patients treated with CPIs alone, who received steroids during their CPI treatment at a single institution. IrAEs were defined using the CTCAEv5 criteria. Response rate (RR) and progression were defined per RECIST v1.1. Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression methods were used to estimate the survival probability and hazard ratios (HR). Results: We identified 260 patients with stage IV cancer who received steroids concurrently with CPI treatment. A total of 111 patients (42.7%) received ≥1000mg prednisone equivalence during the course of their CPI treatment, and the remaining 149 patients (57.3%) received < 1000mg PED. There was no difference in progression free survival (PFS) between the two cohorts [HR of 0.923 for < 1000 mg PED group; p = 0.6016] or in overall survival (OS) [0.854 for < 1000 mg PED group, p = 0.3308]. Median PFS for the < 1000mg group was 5.9 months (mo), vs 6.3 mo in the ≥1000mg group. Median OS for the < 1000mg group was 15.76 mo, vs 11.53 mo in the ≥1000mg group. The RR was numerically higher in the prednisone < 1000mg cohort at 29.53% vs 20.72% in the ≥1000mg cohort, however not statistically significant (p = 0.1082). Basic characteristics including sex, race, tumor type, and smoking status, were similar between the two groups. There was a statistically significant difference in BMI distribution and steroid indication (irAE indication higher in >1000 mg PED cohort than non-irAE) between the two groups. Conclusions: PFS, OS, and RR were not different between patients who received >1000mg vs. < 1000mg PED during CPI therapy. These data suggest that even high doses and protracted courses of corticosteroids may not hinder CPI efficacy. However, differences in our primary endpoint PFS may be confounded by difference in BMI and rates of irAEs between each cohort, which are both known to be associated with improved CPI efficacy. Further analyses to account for these differences along with how timing of steroid initiation affects CPI-efficacy will be completed by time of presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zoe Blake
- University of Queensland Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, LA
| | - Madhav KC
- LSU Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA
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Johnson DH, Zobniw CM, Trinh VA, Ma J, Bassett Jr RL, Abdel-Wahab N, Anderson J, Davis JE, Joseph J, Uemura M, Noman A, Abu-Sbeih H, Yee C, Amaria R, Patel S, Tawbi H, Glitza IC, Davies MA, Wong MK, Woodman S, Hwu WJ, Hwu P, Wang Y, Diab A. Correction to: Infliximab associated with faster symptom resolution compared with corticosteroids alone for the management of immune-related enterocolitis. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:107. [PMID: 30995944 PMCID: PMC6469141 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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14
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Safa H, Johnson DH, Trinh VA, Rodgers TE, Lin H, Suarez-Almazor ME, Fa'ak F, Saberian C, Yee C, Davies MA, Tummala S, Woodman K, Abdel-Wahab N, Diab A. Immune checkpoint inhibitor related myasthenia gravis: single center experience and systematic review of the literature. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:319. [PMID: 31753014 PMCID: PMC6868691 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare but life-threatening adverse event of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Given the limited evidence, data from a large cohort of patients is needed to aid in recognition and management of this fatal complication. METHODS We reviewed our institutional databases to identify patients who had cancer and MG in the setting of ICI. We systematically reviewed the literature through August 2018 to identify all similar reported patients. We collected data on clinical and diagnostic features, management, and outcomes of these cases. RESULTS Sixty-five patients were identified. Median age was 73 years; 42 (65%) were males, 31 (48%) had metastatic melanoma, and 13 (20%) had a preexisting MG before ICI initiation. Most patients received anti-PD-1 (82%). Sixty-three patients (97%) developed ICI-related MG (new onset or disease flare) after a median of 4 weeks (1 to 16 weeks) of ICI initiation. Twenty-four patients (37%) experienced concurrent myositis, and respiratory failure occurred in 29 (45%). ICI was discontinued in 61 patients (97%). Death was reported in 24 patients (38%); 15 (23%) due to MG complication. A better outcome was observed in patients who received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or plasmapheresis (PLEX) as first-line therapy than in those who received steroids alone (95% vs 63% improvement of MG symptoms, p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS MG is a life-threatening adverse event of acute onset and rapid progression after ICI initiation. Early use of IVIG or PLEX, regardless of initial symptoms severity, may lead to better outcomes than steroids alone. Our data suggest the need to reassess the current recommendations for management of ICI-related MG until prospective longitudinal studies are conducted to establish the ideal management approach for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssein Safa
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel H Johnson
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Van Anh Trinh
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Theresa E Rodgers
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heather Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria E Suarez-Almazor
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Faisal Fa'ak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Piedmont Athens Regional Medical Center, Athens, Georgia
| | - Chantal Saberian
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cassian Yee
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sudhakar Tummala
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karin Woodman
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Noha Abdel-Wahab
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Adi Diab
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Veve M, Johnson DH. Evaluating Your DPN Metadata Approach. A Report of the ALCTS PARS Preservation Metadata Interest Group Meeting. American Library Association Annual Conference, New Orleans, June 2018. Technical Services Quarterly 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07317131.2019.1621577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Abdel-Wahab N, Safa H, Abudayyeh A, Johnson DH, Trinh VA, Zobniw CM, Lin H, Wong MK, Abdelrahim M, Gaber AO, Suarez-Almazor ME, Diab A. Corrections to: Checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cancer in solid organ transplantation recipients: an institutional experience and a systematic review of the literature. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:158. [PMID: 31234936 PMCID: PMC6589871 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noha Abdel-Wahab
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Houssein Safa
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ala Abudayyeh
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel H Johnson
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Van Anh Trinh
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chrystia M Zobniw
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heather Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael K Wong
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Maria E Suarez-Almazor
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adi Diab
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Ludford K, Johnson DH, Hennegan T, Gruschkus SK, Haymaker CL, Bernatchez C, Jackson N, Hwu P, Diab A. Phase II trial of nab-paclitaxel (ABI) and ipilimumab (ipi) in patients with treatment naïve metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.9554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9554 Background: Conventional chemotherapies possess intrinsic immune-regulatory properties. Some taxanes for instance, stimulate antigen presentation and impair regulatory T-cells while leaving effector T cells intact. Combining chemotherapies with immune checkpoint inhibitor at carefully designed dosing regimens may increase tumor cell susceptibility to immune-mediated death and thus enhance therapeutic efficacy. We describe the safety and updated efficacy of ABI and ipi in patients with metastatic melanoma. Methods: In this open-label, single center, phase II trial, ABI was administered to treatment naïve metastatic patients at 150mg/m2 on days 1,8 and 15 every 4 weeks and ipi at 3mg/kg on day 1 every 3 weeks limited to 4 cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Endpoints included ORR, OS and safety. Results: 18 of 21 enrollees between 6/2013 and 6/2015 with Stage IV melanoma (M1c: 56%, M1b: 33%, M1a: 11%) were included in the analysis. The median age was 57 years old (33-69) and 67% were men. 44% harbored BRAF mutations. Median duration of treatment was 9 weeks (5 to 17). Median follow-up time for OS analysis was 22.5 months (2 to 52 months). 12 and 24 month OS were 77.8% and 60.6% respectively with median not yet reached. The ORR by by irRECIST was 27.8%. Grade 3 adverse events were reported in 50% of patients, the most common being neutropenia. 17% of patients had grade 3 immune-related adverse events, the most common being hypophysitis and colitis. Immune analysis showed absolute lymphocyte count was significantly elevated post treatment compared with pre-treatment (p = 0.024). In addition, deep immune analysis of peripheral blood samples and tumor tissue including nanostring, gene expression and TCR sequencing will be assessed and reported. Conclusions: The combination of ipi and ABI in this small study demonstrates acceptable safety, tolerability and clinical activity. ABI may contribute to tumor cytoreduction and enhance antitumor clinical response of ipi without impactful immunosuppression. This data together with further immune analysis may provide rationale to design prospective chemo-immunotherapy regimens and treatments for metastatic melanoma and other solid tumors. Clinical trial information: NCT01827111.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tarin Hennegan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Natalie Jackson
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Patrick Hwu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Adi Diab
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Johnson DH, Hailemichael Y, Foo WC, Hess KR, Haymaker CL, Wani KM, Lazar AJ, Saberian CM, Bentebibel SE, Burton EM, Abu-Sbeih H, Wang Y, Hwu P, Diab A. Interleukin-6 is potential target to de-couple checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis from antitumor immunity. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2616 Background: A deep understanding of the immunobiology of checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) induced immune related toxicities, such as immune related enterocolitis (irEC), and how these compare to the immune signatures in tumors could lead to the development of strategies that de-couple autoimmunity from anti-tumor immunity. Methods: Total RNA from patient-matched irEC and normal colon FFPE tissue from patients [n = 12] receiving CPIs were profiled with the 770 gene NanoString nCounter PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel (NanoPCIP). The mean fold change in gene expression from normal vs. irEC inflamed colonic tissue and baseline vs. on-treatment tumor samples from patients responding or non-responding to ipilimumab based therapy were analyzed. C57BL/6 mice with B16.BL6 melanoma tumors were treated with systemic anti-IL-6 + anti-CTLA-4 vs. anti-CTLA4 alone vs. placebo and tumor size was measured. Results: In patients with irEC, the highest significantly upregulated differentially expressed gene (DEG) in inflamed colon tissue encoded for IL-6 (Fold change +24.1). None of the significant and highest upregulated DEGs in the colitis, including IL-6, were significantly upregulated in responding tumors. Interestingly, IL-6 was also the highest upregulated DEG in non-responding tumors numerically. When comparing mean fold changes across these analyses, the gene with the largest difference in upregulatation between colitis and responding tumors was IL-6; the other highest upregulated genes in colitis encoded for neutrophil and monocyte chemotactic molecules. In our mouse models, the addition of IL-6 blockade to anti-CTLA-4 therapy significantly improved tumor shrinkage compared to anti-CTLA-4 alone. Conclusions: Our data demonstrates that IL-6-mediated inflammation may be more prevalent in irEC and tumors not responding to CPIs than in tumors responding, and blocking IL-6 enhances CPI anti-melanoma activity. Targeting IL-6 may ameliorate irEC without hindering anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wai Chin Foo
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kenneth R. Hess
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Khalida M Wani
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yinghong Wang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Patrick Hwu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Adi Diab
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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19
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Abdel-Wahab N, Safa H, Abudayyeh A, Johnson DH, Trinh VA, Zobniw CM, Lin H, Wong MK, Abdelrahim M, Gaber AO, Suarez-Almazor ME, Diab A. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cancer in solid organ transplantation recipients: an institutional experience and a systematic review of the literature. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:106. [PMID: 30992053 PMCID: PMC6469201 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) have revolutionized the treatment of cancer, but their use remains limited by off-target inflammatory and immune-related adverse events. Solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients have been excluded from clinical trials owing to concerns about alloimmunity, organ rejection, and immunosuppressive therapy. Thus, we conducted a retrospective study and literature review to evaluate the safety of CPIs in patients with cancer and prior SOT. Methods Data were collected from the medical records of patients with cancer and prior SOT who received CPIs at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center from January 1, 2004, through March 31, 2018. Additionally, we systematically reviewed five databases through April 2018 to identify studies reporting CPIs to treat cancer in SOT recipients. We evaluated the safety of CPIs in terms of alloimmunity, immune-related adverse events, and mortality. We also evaluated tumor response to CPIs. Results Thirty-nine patients with allograft transplantation were identified. The median age was 63 years (range 14–79 years), 74% were male, 62% had metastatic melanoma, 77% received anti-PD-1 agents, and 59% had prior renal transplantation, 28% hepatic transplantation, and 13% cardiac transplantation. Median time to CPI initiation after SOT was 9 years (range 0.92–32 years). Allograft rejection occurred in 41% of patients (11/23 renal, 4/11 hepatic, and 1/5 cardiac transplantations), at similar rates for anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 therapy. The median time to rejection was 21 days (95% confidence interval 19.3–22.8 days). There were no associations between time since SOT and frequency, timing, or type of rejection. Overall, 31% of patients permanently discontinued CPIs because of allograft rejection. Graft loss occurred in 81%, and death was reported in 46%. Of the 12 patients with transplantation biopsies, nine (75%) had acute rejection, and five of these rejections were T cell-mediated. In melanoma patients, 36% responded to CPIs. Conclusions SOT recipients had a high allograft rejection rate that was observed shortly after CPI initiation, with high mortality rates. Further studies are needed to optimize the anticancer treatment approach in these patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-019-0585-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Abdel-Wahab
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Houssein Safa
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ala Abudayyeh
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel H Johnson
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Van Anh Trinh
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chrystia M Zobniw
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heather Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael K Wong
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Maria E Suarez-Almazor
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adi Diab
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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20
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Johnson DH, Zobniw CM, Trinh VA, Ma J, Bassett RL, Abdel-Wahab N, Anderson J, Davis JE, Joseph J, Uemura M, Noman A, Abu-Sbeih H, Yee C, Amaria R, Patel S, Tawbi H, Glitza IC, Davies MA, Wong MK, Woodman S, Hwu WJ, Hwu P, Wang Y, Diab A. Infliximab associated with faster symptom resolution compared with corticosteroids alone for the management of immune-related enterocolitis. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:103. [PMID: 30305177 PMCID: PMC6180568 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-related enterocolitis (irEC) is the most common serious complication from checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs). The current front-line treatment for irEC, high-dose corticosteroids (CS), have significant side effects and prolonged therapy may reduce CPI-anti-tumor activity. Early addition of TNF-α inhibitors such as infliximab (IFX) may expedite symptom resolution and shorten CS duration. Thus, we conducted the first retrospective study, to our knowledge, evaluating symptom resolution in patients with irEC treated with and without IFX. METHODS Data were collected from the medical records of patients diagnosed with irEC. The primary endpoint was time to symptom resolution for irEC for cases managed with IFX plus CS (IFX group) versus CS alone (CS group). Duration of CS, overall survival (OS), and time to treatment failure (TTF) were secondary endpoints. RESULTS Among 75 patients with irEC, 52% received CS alone, and 48% received IFX. Despite higher grade colitis in the IFX group (grade 3/4: 86% vs. 34%; p < 0.001), median times to diarrhea resolution (3 vs. 9 days; p < 0.001) and to steroid titration (4 vs. 13 days; p < 0.001) were shorter in the IFX group than in the CS group without a negative impact on TTF or OS. Total steroid duration (median 35 vs. 51 days; p = 0.150) was numerically lower in the IFX group. CONCLUSIONS Despite higher incidence of grade 3/4 colitis, IFX added to CS for the treatment of patients with irEC was associated with a significantly shorter time to symptom resolution. The data suggest that early introduction of IFX should be considered for patients with irEC until definitive prospective clinical trials are conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Johnson
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chrystia M Zobniw
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Van A Trinh
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Junsheng Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roland L Bassett
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Noha Abdel-Wahab
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Jaime Anderson
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Jennifer E Davis
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jocelyn Joseph
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marc Uemura
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hamzah Abu-Sbeih
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cassian Yee
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodabe Amaria
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sapna Patel
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hussein Tawbi
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isabella C Glitza
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael K Wong
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott Woodman
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wen-Jen Hwu
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yinghong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adi Diab
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Abdel-Wahab N, Abudayyeh A, Shah M, Johnson DH, Trinh V, Abdelrahim M, Gaber A, Suarez-Almazor ME, Diab A. Allo-immunity and graft rejection after checkpoint inhibitor therapy (CPI) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.3082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noha Abdel-Wahab
- Section of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ala Abudayyeh
- Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mohsin Shah
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - VanAnh Trinh
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Maria E. Suarez-Almazor
- Section of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Adi Diab
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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22
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Johnson DH, Bentebibel SE, Lecagoonporn S, Bernatchez C, Haymaker CL, Murthy R, Tam A, Yee C, Amaria RN, Patel SP, Tawbi HAH, Glitza IC, Davies MA, Hwu WJ, Hwu P, Overwijk WW, Diab A. Phase I/II dose escalation and expansion cohort safety and efficacy study of image guided intratumoral CD40 agonistic monoclonal antibody APX005M in combination with systemic pembrolizumab for treatment naive metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.tps3133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ravi Murthy
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Alda Tam
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Cassian Yee
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wen-Jen Hwu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Patrick Hwu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Adi Diab
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzah Abu Sbeih
- Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Tenglong Tang
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Adi Diab
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yinghong Wang
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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24
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Abel L, Fellay J, Haas DW, Schurr E, Srikrishna G, Urbanowski M, Chaturvedi N, Srinivasan S, Johnson DH, Bishai WR. Genetics of human susceptibility to active and latent tuberculosis: present knowledge and future perspectives. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2018; 18:e64-e75. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(17)30623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Abstract
A retrospective study is reported of all Franzen fine-needle aspiration cytology undertaken at Southmead Hospital between January 1978 and December 1981. A total of 1043 aspirates were examined from 753 patients. The diagnosis of carcinoma of the prostate was missed in 2 patients. Twenty-one patients with cytologicallyproven carcinoma in histologically-benign prostates were detected, and the role of the Franzen needle in the diagnosis of early prostatic cancer is discussed. Of the 218 patients proceeding to prostatectomy, there were 91 patients with carcinoma and in 65 (72%) the cytological and histological grading was identical. A significant disparity occurred in 8 cases and the reasons are discussed.
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De Ruysscher D, Lueza B, Le Péchoux C, Johnson DH, O'Brien M, Murray N, Spiro S, Wang X, Takada M, Lebeau B, Blackstock W, Skarlos D, Baas P, Choy H, Price A, Seymour L, Arriagada R, Pignon JP. Impact of thoracic radiotherapy timing in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer: usefulness of the individual patient data meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:1818-28. [PMID: 27436850 PMCID: PMC5035783 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy (CT) combined with radiotherapy is the standard treatment of 'limited-stage' small-cell lung cancer. However, controversy persists over the optimal timing of thoracic radiotherapy and CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out a meta-analysis of individual patient data in randomized trials comparing earlier versus later radiotherapy, or shorter versus longer radiotherapy duration, as defined in each trial. We combined the results from trials using the stratified log-rank test to calculate pooled hazard ratios (HRs). The primary outcome was overall survival. RESULTS Twelve trials with 2668 patients were eligible. Data from nine trials comprising 2305 patients were available for analysis. The median follow-up was 10 years. When all trials were analysed together, 'earlier or shorter' versus 'later or longer' thoracic radiotherapy did not affect overall survival. However, the HR for overall survival was significantly in favour of 'earlier or shorter' radiotherapy among trials with a similar proportion of patients who were compliant with CT (defined as having received 100% or more of the planned CT cycles) in both arms (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.69-0.91), and in favour of 'later or longer' radiotherapy among trials with different rates of CT compliance (HR 1.19, 1.05-1.34, interaction test, P < 0.0001). The absolute gain between 'earlier or shorter' versus 'later or longer' thoracic radiotherapy in 5-year overall survival for similar and for different CT compliance trials was 7.7% (95% CI 2.6-12.8%) and -2.2% (-5.8% to 1.4%), respectively. However, 'earlier or shorter' thoracic radiotherapy was associated with a higher incidence of severe acute oesophagitis than 'later or longer' radiotherapy. CONCLUSION 'Earlier or shorter' delivery of thoracic radiotherapy with planned CT significantly improves 5-year overall survival at the expense of more acute toxicity, especially oesophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D De Ruysscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Clinic), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Oncology, Experimental Radiation Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Lueza
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology and "Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer" meta-analysis platform, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France CESP, INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif
| | - C Le Péchoux
- Department of Oncology and radiation therapy, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - D H Johnson
- UT Southwestern University School of Medicine, Dallas, USA
| | - M O'Brien
- EORTC Data Center, Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Murray
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - S Spiro
- University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - X Wang
- Alliance Data and Statistical Center, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - M Takada
- Osaka Prefectural Habikino Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - B Lebeau
- Hôpital St Antoine, Paris, France
| | - W Blackstock
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - D Skarlos
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Metropolitan Hospital N. Faliro, Athens, Greece
| | - P Baas
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Choy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - A Price
- NHS Lothian and University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L Seymour
- NCIC Clinical Trials Group and Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - R Arriagada
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J-P Pignon
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology and "Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer" meta-analysis platform, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France CESP, INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif
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Johnson DH, Modica M, Coleman R, Sanders CV, Lopez FA. Clinical Case of the Month: A 64 Year-Old Woman Presenting With Fever, Confusion, Ophthalmoplegia and Pneumonia. J La State Med Soc 2016; 168:177-179. [PMID: 27797349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is a major cause of atypical community-acquired pneumonia, which is commonly severe enough to require hospitalization. Though primarily a respiratory infection, Legionellosis involves the central nervous system (CNS) in up to 50% of patients, and diagnosis can be obscured by the absence of obvious respiratory symptomatology. A reversible diffuse encephalopathy is the most common neurologic complication, but focal CNS involvement can sometimes be the initial presentation. We report a case of a woman infected with Legionella pneumophila presenting with vague symptomatology and focal neurologic findings. This report highlights the challenges of early recognition of Legionella infection when neurologic symptoms predominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in New Orleans, LA
| | - Michael Modica
- Department of Internal Medicine at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in New Orleans, LA
| | - Rachel Coleman
- Department of Medicine at the Louisiana State Univeristy Health Sciences Center in New Orleans, LA
| | - Charles V Sanders
- Department of Internal Medicine at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in New Orleans, LA
| | - Fred A Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in New Orleans, LA
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Johnson DH, Reske T, Ruiz M. Case report and review of immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt lymphoma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2015; 15:e121-5. [PMID: 25701328 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Johnson
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA.
| | - Thomas Reske
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Marco Ruiz
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
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Moore CB, Verma A, Pendergrass S, Verma SS, Johnson DH, Daar ES, Gulick RM, Haubrich R, Robbins GK, Ritchie MD, Haas DW. Phenome-wide Association Study Relating Pretreatment Laboratory Parameters With Human Genetic Variants in AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocols. Open Forum Infect Dis 2015; 2:ofu113. [PMID: 25884002 PMCID: PMC4396430 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofu113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Phenome-Wide Association Studies (PheWAS) identify genetic associations across multiple phenotypes. Clinical trials offer opportunities for PheWAS to identify pharmacogenomic associations. We describe the first PheWAS to use genome-wide genotypic data and to utilize human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinical trials data. As proof-of-concept, we focused on baseline laboratory phenotypes from antiretroviral therapy-naive individuals. Methods. Data from 4 AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) studies were split into 2 datasets: Dataset I (1181 individuals from protocol A5202) and Dataset II (1366 from protocols A5095, ACTG 384, and A5142). Final analyses involved 2547 individuals and 5 954 294 imputed polymorphisms. We calculated comprehensive associations between these polymorphisms and 27 baseline laboratory phenotypes. Results. A total of 10 584 (0.17%) polymorphisms had associations with P < .01 in both datasets and with the same direction of association. Twenty polymorphisms replicated associations with identical or related phenotypes reported in the Catalog of Published Genome-Wide Association Studies, including several not previously reported in HIV-positive cohorts. We also identified several possibly novel associations. Conclusions. These analyses define PheWAS properties and principles with baseline laboratory data from HIV clinical trials. This approach may be useful for evaluating on-treatment HIV clinical trials data for associations with various clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie B. Moore
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- The Center for Systems Genomics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Anurag Verma
- The Center for Systems Genomics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Sarah Pendergrass
- The Center for Systems Genomics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Shefali S. Verma
- The Center for Systems Genomics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | | | - Eric S. Daar
- Los Angeles Biomed Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | | | | | | | - Marylyn D. Ritchie
- The Center for Systems Genomics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - David W. Haas
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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Johnson DH, Via LE, Kim P, Laddy D, Lau CY, Weinstein EA, Jain S. Nuclear imaging: a powerful novel approach for tuberculosis. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:777-84. [PMID: 25195017 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nearly 20 years after the World Health Organization declared tuberculosis (TB) a global public health emergency, TB still remains a major global threat with 8.6 million new cases and 1.3 million deaths annually. Mycobacterium tuberculosis adapts to a quiescent physiological state, and is notable for complex interaction with the host, producing poorly-understood disease states ranging from latent infection to fully active disease. Of the approximately 2.5 billion people latently infected with M. tuberculosis, many will develop reactivation disease (relapse), years after the initial infection. While progress has been made on some fronts, the alarming spread of multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant, and more recently totally-drug resistant strains is of grave concern. New tools are urgently needed for rapidly diagnosing TB, monitoring TB treatments and to allow unique insights into disease pathogenesis. Nuclear bioimaging is a powerful, noninvasive tool that can rapidly provide three-dimensional views of disease processes deep within the body and conduct noninvasive longitudinal assessments of the same patient. In this review, we discuss the application of nuclear bioimaging to TB, including the current state of the field, considerations for radioprobe development, study of TB drug pharmacokinetics in infected tissues, and areas of research and clinical needs that could be addressed by nuclear bioimaging. These technologies are an emerging field of research, overcome several fundamental limitations of current tools, and will have a broad impact on both basic research and patient care. Beyond diagnosis and monitoring disease, these technologies will also allow unique insights into understanding disease pathogenesis; and expedite bench-to-bedside translation of new therapeutics. Finally, since molecular imaging is readily available for humans, validated tracers will become valuable tools for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sanjay Jain
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Center for Tuberculosis Research and Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Leger PD, Johnson DH, Robbins GK, Shafer RW, Clifford DB, Li J, McLaren PJ, Haas DW. Genome-wide association study of peripheral neuropathy with D-drug-containing regimens in AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 384. J Neurovirol 2014; 20:304-8. [PMID: 24554482 PMCID: PMC4114519 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-014-0235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stavudine (d4T) was, until recently, one of the most widely prescribed antiretroviral drugs worldwide. While there has been a major shift away from d4T use in resource-limited countries, a large number of patients have previously received (or continue to receive) d4T, and many have developed peripheral neuropathy. The identification of genetic predictors of increased risk might suggest novel therapeutic targets for such patients. In AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 384, antiretroviral-naïve patients were randomized to d4T/didanosine (ddI)- or zidovudine/lamivudine-containing regimens. Data from d4T/ddI recipients were analyzed for genome-wide associations (approximately 1 million genetic loci) with new onset distal sensory peripheral neuropathy. Analyses involved 254 patients (49 % White, 34 % Black, 17 % Hispanic), comprising 90 peripheral neuropathy cases (32 grade 1, 35 grade 2, 23 grade 3) and 164 controls. After correcting for multiple comparisons, no polymorphism was consistently associated with neuropathy among all patients, among White, Black, and Hispanic patients analyzed separately, both in genome-wide analyses (threshold, P < 5.0 × 10−8) and focused on 46 neuropathy-associated genes (threshold, P < 3.5 × 10−5). In the latter analyses, the lowest P values were in KIF1A among Whites (rs10199388, P = 8.4 × 10−4), in LITAF among Blacks (rs13333308, P = 6.0 × 10−6), and in NEFL among Hispanics (rs17763685, P = 5.6 × 10−6). Susceptibility to d4T/ddI-associated neuropathy is not explained by a single genetic variant with a marked effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Leger
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Johnson DH, Sutherland D, Acosta EP, Erdem H, Richardson D, Haas DW. Genetic and non-genetic determinants of raltegravir penetration into cerebrospinal fluid: a single arm pharmacokinetic study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82672. [PMID: 24349334 PMCID: PMC3859605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antiretroviral drugs vary in their central nervous system penetration, with better penetration possibly conferring neurocognitive benefit during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy. The efflux transporter gene ABCB1 is expressed in the blood-brain barrier, and an ABCB1 variant (3435C→T) has been reported to affect ABCB1 expression. The integrase inhibitor raltegravir is a substrate for ABCB1. We examined whether ABCB1 3435C→T affects raltegravir disposition into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and explored associations with polymorphisms in other membrane transporter genes expressed in the blood-brain barrier. Methods Forty healthy, HIV-negative adults of European descent (20 homozygous for ABCB1 3435 C/C, 20 homozygous for 3435 T/T, each group divided equally between males and females) were given raltegravir 400 mg twice daily for 7 days. With the final dose, plasma was collected for pharmacokinetic analysis at 9 timepoints over 12 hours, and CSF collected 4 hours post dose. Results The 4-hour CSF concentration correlated more strongly with 2-hour (r2=0.76, P=1.12x10-11) than 4-hour (r2=0.47, P=6.89x10-6) single timepoint plasma concentration, and correlated strongly with partial plasma area-under-the-curve values (AUC0-4h r2=0.86, P=5.15x10-16). There was no significant association between ABCB1 3435C→T and ratios of CSF-to-plasma AUC or concentration (p>0.05 for each comparison). In exploratory analyses, CSF-to-plasma ratios were not associated with 276 polymorphisms across 16 membrane transporter genes. Conclusions Among HIV-negative adults, CSF raltegravir concentrations do not differ by ABCB1 3435C→T genotype but strongly correlate with plasma exposure. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00729924 http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00729924
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Deborah Sutherland
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Edward P. Acosta
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Husamettin Erdem
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Danielle Richardson
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - David W. Haas
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Johnson DH, Gebretsadik T, Shintani A, Mayo G, Acosta EP, Stein CM, Haas DW. Neuropsychometric correlates of efavirenz pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics following a single oral dose. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 75:997-1006. [PMID: 22957905 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To determine pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenomic correlates of efavirenz central nervous system (CNS) side effects following a single dose. METHODS Thirty-four healthy HIV-negative African Americans were administered a 600 mg dose of efavirenz. Blood samples for pharmacokinetics were drawn serially from 0 to 12 h post-dose. Neuropsychometric testing with drowsiness visual analogue scale, grooved pegboard and letter digit substitution tests was done the day prior to dosing and at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 h post-dose. Subjective CNS symptoms were assessed at 6 h post-dose. Composite CYP2B6 516/983 genotype was determined. RESULTS Pharmacokinetic indices reflecting increased plasma efavirenz exposure were associated with slower non-dominant hand grooved pegboard task completion (Cmax , P1 h = 0.01, P2 h = 0.05, P3 h = 0.03, P4 h = 0.01; AUC, P1 h = 0.04; clearance P1 h = 0.05, P2 h = 0.02, P6 h = 0.01). In a repeated measures model analysis that adjusted timing of neuropsychometric testing for timing of peak drug concentration, clearance (P < 0.001), AUC(0.312 h) (P = 0.001) and Cmax (P = 0.008) were associated with non-dominant grooved pegboard test performance. CYP2B6 genotype trended to correlate with non-dominant hand grooved pegboard at 4 and 6 h (P = 0.07 and 0.06). Decreased drowsiness at 6 h was associated with higher Cmax (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Following a single dose of efavirenz, an association between pharmacokinetics and neuropsychometric performance was discernable. A weaker association between genotype and neurocognitive test performance is likely mediated by effect of genotype on plasma clearance. Strategies that lower Cmax during initial dosing may decrease CNS side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37204, USA
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Gerber DE, Dahlberg SE, Sandler AB, Ahn DH, Schiller JH, Brahmer JR, Johnson DH. Baseline tumour measurements predict survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:1476-81. [PMID: 23942074 PMCID: PMC3776984 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between tumour measurements and survival has been studied extensively in early-stage and locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We analysed these factors in patients with advanced NSCLC. METHODS Data were derived from the E4599 trial of paclitaxel-carboplatin±bevacizumab. Associations between the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) baseline sum longest diameter (BSLD), response rate, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using univariate and multivariable Cox regression models. RESULTS A total of 759 of the 850 patients (89%) in the E4599 trial had measurable diseases and were included in this analysis. The median BSLD was 7.5 cm. BSLD predicted OS (hazard ratio (HR) 1.41; P<0.001) and had a trend towards association with PFS (HR 1.14; P=0.08). The median OS was 12.6 months for patients with BSLD <7.5 cm compared with 9.5 months for BSLD ≥ 7.5 cm. This association persisted in a multivariable model controlling multiple prognostic factors, including the presence and sites of extrathoracic disease (HR 1.24; P=0.01). There was no association between BSLD and response rate. CONCLUSION Tumour measurements are associated with survival in the E4599 trial. If validated in other populations, this parameter may provide important prognostic information to patients and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Gerber
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390 USA
| | - S E Dahlberg
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 USA
| | - A B Sandler
- Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239 USA
| | - D H Ahn
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390 USA
| | - J H Schiller
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390 USA
| | - J R Brahmer
- Johns Hopkins University, 401 N. Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21231 USA
| | - D H Johnson
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390 USA
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Ahmad R, Som S, Johnson DH, Zweier JL, Kuppusamy P, Potter LC. Multisite EPR oximetry from multiple quadrature harmonics. J Magn Reson 2012; 214:135-143. [PMID: 22154283 PMCID: PMC3257390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Multisite continuous wave (CW) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry using multiple quadrature field modulation harmonics is presented. First, a recently developed digital receiver is used to extract multiple harmonics of field modulated projection data. Second, a forward model is presented that relates the projection data to unknown parameters, including linewidth at each site. Third, a maximum likelihood estimator of unknown parameters is reported using an iterative algorithm capable of jointly processing multiple quadrature harmonics. The data modeling and processing are applicable for parametric lineshapes under nonsaturating conditions. Joint processing of multiple harmonics leads to 2-3-fold acceleration of EPR data acquisition. For demonstration in two spatial dimensions, both simulations and phantom studies on an L-band system are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ahmad
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Gottlieb S, Gustafson TA, Johnson DH. Oncology Care in 2021: the FDA, Medicare, and healthcare reform. Oncology (Williston Park) 2011; 25:445-449. [PMID: 21717897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Lei Y, Garrahan N, Hermann B, Fautsch MP, Johnson DH, Hernandez MR, Boulton M, Morgan JE. Transretinal degeneration in ageing human retina: a multiphoton microscopy analysis. Br J Ophthalmol 2010; 95:727-30. [PMID: 21183516 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2010.180869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM Retinal cell remodelling has been reported as a consistent feature of ageing. However, the degree to which this results in transretinal degeneration is unclear. To address this, the authors used multiphoton microscopy to quantify retinal degeneration in post-mortem human eyes of two age groups. METHODS Retinas from six young subjects (18-33 years old) and six older subjects (74-90 years old) were prepared as wholemount preparations. All retinas were stained with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and imaged by multiphoton confocal microscopy to quantify neuron densities in the retinal ganglion cell layer (RGCL), inner nuclear layer (INL) and outer nuclear layer (ONL). Neurons were counted using automated cell identification algorithms. All retinas were imaged hydrated to minimise tissue artefacts. RESULTS In both groups, 56% of the area within the central 4 mm eccentricity and 27% of the area with eccentricity between 4 mm and 7 mm were imaged. Compared with young subjects, the peak RGCL neuron loss in the aged subjects (25.5%) was at 1 mm eccentricity. INL and ONL neuron densities significantly decreased at 1-2 mm eccentricity (8.7%) and 0.5-4 mm eccentricity (15.6%) respectively (P <0.05). The reduction in neuron density in the INL corresponded, spatially, to the region with the greatest neuron loss in the RGCL and ONL. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to correlate neurodegeneration in different populations of cells in the ageing retinas. These data confirm that the greatest neuronal loss occurs in the RGCL and ONL in human ageing retinas, whereas the INL is relatively preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lei
- Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Abstract
Parthenogenesis in vertebrates is considered an evolutionary novelty. In snakes, all of which exhibit genetic sex determination with ZZ : ZW sex chromosomes, this rare form of asexual reproduction has failed to yield viable female WW offspring. Only through complex experimental manipulations have WW females been produced, and only in fish and amphibians. Through microsatellite DNA fingerprinting, we provide the first evidence of facultative parthenogenesis in a Boa constrictor, identifying multiple, viable, non-experimentally induced females for the first time in any vertebrate lineage. Although the elevated homozygosity of the offspring in relation to the mother suggests that the mechanism responsible may be terminal fusion automixis, no males were produced, potentially indicating maternal sex chromosome hemizygosity (WO). These findings provide the first evidence of parthenogenesis in the family Boidae (Boas), and suggest that WW females may be more common within basal reptilian lineages than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Booth
- Department of Entomology and W. M. Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA.
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Wang SE, Yu Y, Criswell TL, Debusk LM, Lin PC, Zent R, Johnson DH, Ren X, Arteaga CL. Oncogenic mutations regulate tumor microenvironment through induction of growth factors and angiogenic mediators. Oncogene 2010; 29:3335-48. [PMID: 20383197 PMCID: PMC2883631 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of HER2 (ErbB2) have been identified in human cancers. Compared to wild-type HER2, mutant HER2 shows constitutively activate kinase activity and increased oncogenicity. Cells transformed by mutant HER2 are resistant to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and exhibit an attenuated response to the HER2 antibody trastuzumab. We investigated herein pathways through which mutant HER2 alters the extracellular environment, potentially leading to drug resistance and the effect of simultaneously targeting HER2 and the tumor cell microenvironment with a therapeutic intent. Expression of mutant HER2 in mammary epithelial cells activated autocrine transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 signaling through a mechanism involving Rac1 and JNK-AP1-dependent transcription. Cells transformed by an activating mutant of H-Ras (G12V) also expressed higher TGF-β1 level through Rac1 activation. In addition, mutant HER2 induced the EGFR ligands TGF-α and amphiregulin at the mRNA and protein levels. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a target of the TGF-β-Smad transcriptional regulation, was also induced as a result of expression of mutant HER2. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling with the Alk5 small molecule inhibitor LY2109761 reduced growth and invasiveness of cells expressing mutant HER2. Combined inhibition of intracellular and paracrine effects of mutant HER2 by trastuzumab and the EGFR antibody cetuximab was more efficient than single-agent therapies. These data suggest that mutations in oncogenes such as HER2 and Ras not only alter intracellular signaling and also influence on other components of the tumor microenvironment by inducing several pro-invasive growth factors. In turn, these serve as extracellular targets of novel therapeutic strategies directed at both cancer-driving oncogenes and the modified tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Wang
- Division of Tumor Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Arriagada R, Auperin A, Burdett S, Higgins JP, Johnson DH, Le Chevalier T, Le Pechoux C, Parmar MKB, Pignon JP, Souhami RL, Stephens RJ, Stewart LA, Tierney JF, Tribodet H, van Meerbeeck J. Adjuvant chemotherapy, with or without postoperative radiotherapy, in operable non-small-cell lung cancer: two meta-analyses of individual patient data. Lancet 2010; 375:1267-77. [PMID: 20338627 PMCID: PMC2853682 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many randomised controlled trials have investigated the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy in operable non-small-cell lung cancer. We undertook two comprehensive systematic reviews and meta-analyses to establish the effects of adding adjuvant chemotherapy to surgery, or to surgery plus radiotherapy. METHODS We included randomised trials, not confounded by additional therapeutic differences between the two groups and that started randomisation on or after Jan 1, 1965, which compared surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy versus surgery alone, or surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy versus surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy. Updated individual patient data were collected, checked, and included in meta-analyses stratified by trial. The primary endpoint was overall survival, defined as time from randomisation until death by any cause. All analyses were by intention to treat. FINDINGS The first meta-analysis of surgery plus chemotherapy versus surgery alone was based on 34 trial comparisons and 8447 patients (3323 deaths). We recorded a benefit of adding chemotherapy after surgery (hazard ratio [HR] 0.86, 95% CI 0.81-0.92, p<0.0001), with an absolute increase in survival of 4% (95% CI 3-6) at 5 years (from 60% to 64%). The second meta-analysis of surgery plus radiotherapy and chemotherapy versus surgery plus radiotherapy was based on 13 trial comparisons and 2660 patients (1909 deaths). We recorded a benefit of adding chemotherapy to surgery plus radiotherapy (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.81-0.97, p=0.009), representing an absolute improvement in survival of 4% (95% CI 1-8) at 5 years (from 29% to 33%). In both meta-analyses we noted little variation in effect according to the type of chemotherapy, other trial characteristics, or patient subgroup. INTERPRETATION The addition of adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery for patients with operable non-small-cell lung cancer improves survival, irrespective of whether chemotherapy was adjuvant to surgery alone or adjuvant to surgery plus radiotherapy. FUNDING UK Medical Research Council, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique (AOM 05 209), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, and Sanofi-Aventis.
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Lei Y, Garrahan N, Hermann B, Fautsch MP, Johnson DH, Hernandez MR, Boulton M, Morgan JE. Topography of neuron loss in the retinal ganglion cell layer in human glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93:1676-9. [PMID: 19671529 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2009.159210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine if retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss influences the loss of surrounding RGCs to generate clustered patterns of cell death in human glaucoma. It is hypothesised that retinal ganglion cell loss accelerates the loss of surrounding cells to generate, at a local, cellular scale, clustered patterns of retinal of RGC death. The absence of these interactions would result in a diffuse pattern RGC loss. METHOD Six glaucomatous retinas (67-83 years old) and six age-matched control retinas (61-89 years old) were prepared as wholemounts and stained by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) solution (3 microg/ml in PBS). An area corresponding to central 14 degrees of the visual field was imaged. The nearest-neighbour distribution was determined for cells in both normal and glaucomatous RGCL. RESULTS Clustered RGC loss in human glaucoma was observed on a background of diffuse loss. The mean nearest-neighbour distance (NND) of the glaucomatous retinas was significantly higher than with controls (p<0.001). The distribution of NND in glaucomatous retinas was skewed to the higher values with a higher positive kurtosis relative to controls. The quantitative analysis of the pattern of cell loss is supported by the visual inspection of the patterns of cell loss. DISCUSSION The nearest-neighbour analysis is consistent with the presence of two patterns of cell loss in the RGCL in glaucoma. While the diffuse of cell loss can account for an overall reduction in the RGC population, an additional non-random pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that RGC loss has a local influence on the viability of surrounding cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lei
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF244LU, UK
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Belinsky SA, Grimes MJ, Casas E, Stidley CA, Franklin WA, Bocklage TJ, Johnson DH, Schiller JH. Predicting gene promoter methylation in non-small-cell lung cancer by evaluating sputum and serum. Br J Cancer 2007; 96:1278-83. [PMID: 17406356 PMCID: PMC2360148 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of 5-methylcytosine demethylating agents in conjunction with inhibitors of histone deacetylation may offer a new therapeutic strategy for lung cancer. Monitoring the efficacy of gene demethylating treatment directly within the tumour may be difficult due to tumour location. This study determined the positive and negative predictive values of sputum and serum for detecting gene methylation in primary lung cancer. A panel of eight genes was evaluated by comparing methylation detected in the primary tumour biopsy to serum and sputum obtained from 72 patients with Stage III lung cancer. The prevalence for methylation of the eight genes in sputum (21–43%) approximated to that seen in tumours, but was 0.7–4.3-fold greater than detected in serum. Sputum was superior to serum in classifying the methylation status of genes in the tumour biopsy. The positive predictive value of the top four genes (p16, DAPK, PAX5 β, and GATA5) was 44–72% with a negative predictive value for these genes ⩾70%. The highest specificity was seen for the p16 gene, and this was associated with a odds ratio of six for methylation in the tumour when this gene was methylated in sputum. In contrast, for serum, the individual sensitivity for all genes was 6–27%. Evaluating the combined effect of methylation of at least one of the four most significant genes in sputum increased the positive predictive value to 86%. These studies demonstrate that sputum can be used effectively as a surrogate for tumour tissue to predict the methylation status of advanced lung cancer where biopsy is not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Belinsky
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.
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Abstract
As an initial step toward gene therapy for ovarian cancer, we conducted a Phase 1 trial to assess the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of intraperitoneal BRCA1sv retroviral vector therapy. Gene transfer and expression were documented by PCR, southern blot, RT-PCR and nuclease protection assays. Pharmacokinetics were assessed by PCR and southern blots detecting vector DNA, and toxicity was evaluated by clinical exam and fluid analysis. Three of twelve patients developed an acute sterile peritonitis which spontaneously resolved within 48 hours. Plasma and peritoneal antibodies to the retroviral envelope protein were detected only in patients treated with the highest dose levels but not in others, despite repeat dosing for an interval of up to four months. Eight patients showed stable disease for 4 to 16 weeks. Three patients showed tumor reduction with diminished miliary tumor implants at reoperation (two patients) and radiographic shrinkage of measurable disease (one patient). Ovarian cancer may provide an imporant model for retroviral gene therapy studies due to vector stability, minimal antibody response, and access to tumor by intraperitoneal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Tait
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6838, USA
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Heymach JV, Johnson DH, Khuri FR, Safran H, Schlabach LL, Yunus F, DeVore RF, De Porre PM, Richards HM, Jia X, Zhang S, Johnson BE. Phase II study of the farnesyl transferase inhibitor R115777 in patients with sensitive relapse small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2004; 15:1187-93. [PMID: 15277257 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdh315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND R115777 (tipifarnib, Zarnestra) is a farnesyl transferase inhibitor that blocks the farnesylation of proteins involved in signal transduction pathways critical for cell proliferation and survival. This multicenter phase II study was conducted to determine the efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of R115777 in patients with relapsed small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients who had a partial or complete response to their initial chemotherapy regimen, followed by at least 3 months off treatment before relapse (sensitive relapse) were eligible. R115777 was administered in 3-week cycles at a dose of 400 mg orally twice daily for 14 consecutive days followed by 7 days off treatment. RESULTS Twenty-two patients were enrolled. The median progression-free survival was 1.4 months and median overall survival was 6.8 months. Non-hematological toxicities were predominantly grade 1-2 and included nausea (64%) and fatigue (60%). Grade 3-4 granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 27% and 23% of patients, respectively. Febrile neutropenia was not observed. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated peak plasma concentrations of R115777 2.6-4.5 h after oral dosing and no significant drug accumulation. The trial was terminated because no objective responses were observed in 20 patients evaluable for response. CONCLUSIONS R115777 showed no significant antitumor activity as a single agent in sensitive-relapse SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Heymach
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Blaney JE, Manipon GG, Firestone CY, Johnson DH, Hanson CT, Murphy BR, Whitehead SS. Mutations which enhance the replication of dengue virus type 4 and an antigenic chimeric dengue virus type 2/4 vaccine candidate in Vero cells. Vaccine 2004; 21:4317-27. [PMID: 14505914 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mutations which increase the replication of dengue viruses in cell culture would greatly facilitate the manufacture of both a live attenuated or inactivated dengue virus vaccine. We have identified eight missense mutations in dengue virus type 4 (DEN4) that increase the plaque size and kinetics of replication of recombinant DEN4 virus in Vero cells. DEN4 viruses bearing these Vero cell adaptation mutations were also evaluated for the level of replication in the brains of mice. Two of these eight recombinant viruses expressing distinct mutations in NS3 were both restricted in replication in the brains of suckling mice. In contrast, six recombinant viruses, each encoding individual mutations in NS4B (five) or in NS5 (one), were not attenuated in mouse brain. Recombinant viruses encoding various combinations of these Vero cell adaptation mutations did not demonstrate enhanced replication in Vero cells over that exhibited by the single mutations. Finally, addition of a subset of the above non-attenuating, adaptation mutations to a DEN2/4 chimeric vaccine candidate was found to increase the virus yield in Vero cells by up to 500-fold. The importance of these Vero cell adaptation mutations in flavivirus vaccine design and development is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Blaney
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 6515, 50 South Drive, MSC 8007, Bethesda, MD 20892-8007, USA
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Gaudet EL, Nuss DW, Johnson DH, Miranne LS. Chondroblastoma of the temporal bone involving the temporomandibular joint, mandibular condyle, and middle cranial fossa: case report and review of the literature. Cranio 2004; 22:160-8. [PMID: 15134417 DOI: 10.1179/crn.2004.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chondroblastoma is a highly destructive tumor, derived from immature cartilage cells, typically occurring in epiphyses of the long bones of adolescents and young adults. Those occurring in the temporal bone and TMJ area are likely to mimic TMJ symptoms. This report describes a unique case in which a chondroblastoma resulted in extensive destruction of the temporal bone, temporomandibular joint, mandibular condyle, and cranial base, including gross intracranial and extracranial involvement. With appropriate surgical management, the outcome for patients with chondroblastoma of the temporomandibular region is quite favorable. This case brings the total reported chondroblastomas to 59 in the temporal bone and eight in the mandibular condyle as of the date of submission of this article for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmer L Gaudet
- Loyola University School of Dentistry in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
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Tedesco KL, Thor AD, Johnson DH, Shyr Y, Blum KA, Goldstein LJ, Gradishar WJ, Nicholson BP, Merkel DE, Murrey D, Edgerton S, Sledge GW. Docetaxel Combined With Trastuzumab Is an Active Regimen in HER-2 3+ Overexpressing and Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Multi-Institutional Phase II Trial. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22:1071-7. [PMID: 15020608 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the efficacy and safety of weekly docetaxel and trastuzumab as first- or second-line therapy in women with HER-2–overexpressing metastatic breast cancer and to correlate the efficacy of trastuzumab with HER-2 status as determined by immunohistochemistry assay and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Patients and Methods Twenty-six women with HER-2–positive (HercepTest [Dako Corp, Carpenteria, CA]2 to 3+) metastatic breast cancer were enrolled onto this study of trastuzumab (4 mg/kg load; 2 mg/kg/wk administered intravenously) and docetaxel (35 mg/m2/wk for 6 weeks). Results Using an intent-to-treat analysis, the overall response rate was 50% (13 of 26 patients). Eight patients (31%) had a period of stable disease posttherapy. Among HER-2 3+ patients, the overall response rate was 63% (12 of 19 patients) compared with a 14% response rate (one of seven patients) for HER-2 2+ patients (P = .07). Patients with FISH-positive tumors experienced an overall response rate of 64%. Median time to progression was 12.4 months for the entire cohort (HER-2 3+ tumors, 12.3 months; HER-2 2+ lesions, 9.5 months) and median survival was 22.1 months. All HER-2 3+ patients were FISH-positive; the only HER-2 2+ patient responding to treatment was also FISH-positive. Grade 4 toxicities occurred in four patients; most toxicities were mild. Conclusion Trastuzumab plus docetaxel is an active and well-tolerated regimen in women with HER-2 3+ overexpressing or FISH-positive metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Tedesco
- Vanderbilt Clinic, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Belani CP, Bonomi P, Dobbs TW, DeVore RF, Ettinger DS, Jett J, Luketich JD, Cohen LJ, Johnson DH. Docetaxel and cisplatin in patients with advanced non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a multicenter phase II trial. Clin Lung Cancer 2004; 1:144-50. [PMID: 14733666 DOI: 10.3816/clc.1999.n.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We examined the safety and efficacy of the docetaxel/cisplatin combination in patients with advanced, previously untreated NSCLC and evaluated changes in quality of life over time. Docetaxel was administered before cisplatin (both 75 mg/m2, 1-hour infusions) every 3 weeks to 47 patients with stage IIIB or stage IV NSCLC. Patients also received premedication of oral dexamethasone. The median age (range) of patients was 62 (45-78) years and 26 patients (55.3%) had adenocarcinoma. Of the 40 patients evaluable for response, one achieved a complete response and 14 had partial responses; the response rate was 37.5% (95% confidence intervals; 22.5, 52.5). In the intent-to-treat population the overall response rate was 31.9%. Time to response ranged from 3 to 20 weeks, and the median duration of response was 34.6 weeks. Median survival and median time to progression were 11.3 months and 18.9 weeks, respectively. One-year survival was 40%. Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia were observed in 74.4% and 12.8% of patients, respectively. Severe asthenia was seen in 14.9% of patients. Other grade 3 or 4 toxicities included nausea (eight patients), vomiting (five), neurosensory effects (six), neuromotor effects (five), diarrhea (four), and infection (three). There was an improvement in emotional well-being; however, the overall quality of life score did not change with treatment. Docetaxel administered in combination with cisplatin is an active regimen in patients with NSCLC. This regimen of docetaxel (75 mg/m2) and cisplatin (75 mg/m2) repeated at 3-week intervals is being evaluated in an ongoing Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) randomized study in patients with advanced and metastatic NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Belani
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Abstract
Motoneuron responses were elicited by global visual motion and stepwise displacements of an illuminated stripe. Stimulus protocols were identical to those used in previous behavioral studies of compensatory eyestalk reflexes. The firing rates and directional selectivity of the motoneuron responses were measured with respect to four stimulus dimensions (spatial frequency, contrast, angular displacement and velocity). The directional selectivity of the motoneuron response was correlated to the previously measured gain of the reflex for each stimulus dimension. The information theoretical analysis is based upon Kullback-Leibler (K-L) distances which measure the dissimilarity of responses to different stimuli. K-L distances for single neurons are strongly influenced by the mean rate difference of the responses to any pair of stimuli. Because of redundancy, the joint K-L distances of pairs of neurons were less than the sum of the K-L distances of the individual neurons. Furthermore, the joint K-L distances were only weakly influenced by correlations among coactivated neurons. For most of the stimulus dimensions, the K-L distances of single motoneurons were not sufficient to account for the stimulus discriminations exhibited by the eyestalk reflex which typically required the summed output of 2 to 5 motoneurons. Thus the behaviorally relevant information is encoded in the motoneuron ensemble. The minimum time required to discriminate the direction of motion (the encoding window) for a single motoneuron is about 380 to 480 ms (including a 175 ms response latency) for stepwise displacements and up to 1.0 s for global motion. During this period a motoneuron fires 2 to 3 impulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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Abstract
The association of mortality with patient factors (severity of illness, comorbidity), physician factors (specialty training, prehospitalisation visit, in-hospital consultation, volume of patients seen per physician) and healthcare organisation factors (patient-travel distances, regional beds per capita, admitting hospital-bed occupancy, admitting hospital-bed turnover, hospital location, volume of pneumonia cases per hospital) after hospital admission with community-acquired pneumonia was investigated using administrative data from Alberta, Canada from April 1, 1994-March 31, 1999. During the 5-yr study period there were 43,642 pneumonia hospitalisations, with an 11% in-hospital and 26% 1-yr mortality. Patient severity of illness and comorbidity were the strongest predictors of increased mortality. Physicians with the highest in-hospital pneumonia patient volume (>27 patients x yr(-1)) cared for patients with greater severity/comorbidity, but with decreased odds of in-hospital mortality, compared with the lowest volume physicians (less than seven patients per year). The effects of internal medicine specialist or subspecialist care were mixed, with a reduction in deaths for the first 72 h and an increase in in-hospital deaths. Prehospitalisation visit by a physician was associated with decreased mortality. Healthcare organisation factors were the least strong predictor of mortality, demonstrating an effect only for 1-yr mortality in those discharged alive from hospital. Admissions to larger volume or metropolitan hospitals were associated with a decrease in mortality. Severity of illness and comorbidity had the strongest association with mortality. The first association of high-volume physician and pre-hospital care with decreased in-hospital mortality for community-acquired pneumonia is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Marrie
- Dept of Medicine, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
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