1
|
Bayman E, Chee K, Mendlen M, Denman DJ, Tien RN, Ojemann S, Kramer DR, Thompson JA. Subthalamic nucleus synchronization between beta band local field potential and single-unit activity in Parkinson's disease. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16001. [PMID: 38697943 PMCID: PMC11065686 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Local field potential (LFP) oscillations in the beta band (13-30 Hz) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of Parkinson's disease patients have been implicated in disease severity and treatment response. The relationship between single-neuron activity in the STN and regional beta power changes remains unclear. We used spike-triggered average (STA) to assess beta synchronization in STN. Beta power and STA magnitude at the beta frequency range were compared in three conditions: STN versus other subcortical structures, dorsal versus ventral STN, and high versus low beta power STN recordings. Magnitude of STA-LFP was greater within the STN compared to extra-STN structures along the trajectory path, despite no difference in percentage of the total power. Within the STN, there was a higher percent beta power in dorsal compared to ventral STN but no difference in STA-LFP magnitude. Further refining the comparison to high versus low beta peak power recordings inside the STN to evaluate if single-unit activity synchronized more strongly with beta band activity in areas of high beta power resulted in a significantly higher STA magnitude for areas of high beta power. Overall, these results suggest that STN single units strongly synchronize to beta activity, particularly units in areas of high beta power.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bayman
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Keanu Chee
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Madelyn Mendlen
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Daniel J. Denman
- Department of Neurophysiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Rex N. Tien
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Steven Ojemann
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Daniel R. Kramer
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - John A. Thompson
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Siegle JH, Ledochowitsch P, Jia X, Millman DJ, Ocker GK, Caldejon S, Casal L, Cho A, Denman DJ, Durand S, Groblewski PA, Heller G, Kato I, Kivikas S, Lecoq J, Nayan C, Ngo K, Nicovich PR, North K, Ramirez TK, Swapp J, Waughman X, Williford A, Olsen SR, Koch C, Buice MA, de Vries SEJ. Reconciling functional differences in populations of neurons recorded with two-photon imaging and electrophysiology. eLife 2021; 10:e69068. [PMID: 34270411 PMCID: PMC8285106 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular electrophysiology and two-photon calcium imaging are widely used methods for measuring physiological activity with single-cell resolution across large populations of cortical neurons. While each of these two modalities has distinct advantages and disadvantages, neither provides complete, unbiased information about the underlying neural population. Here, we compare evoked responses in visual cortex recorded in awake mice under highly standardized conditions using either imaging of genetically expressed GCaMP6f or electrophysiology with silicon probes. Across all stimulus conditions tested, we observe a larger fraction of responsive neurons in electrophysiology and higher stimulus selectivity in calcium imaging, which was partially reconciled by applying a spikes-to-calcium forward model to the electrophysiology data. However, the forward model could only reconcile differences in responsiveness when restricted to neurons with low contamination and an event rate above a minimum threshold. This work established how the biases of these two modalities impact functional metrics that are fundamental for characterizing sensory-evoked responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaoxuan Jia
- MindScope Program, Allen InstituteSeattleUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Linzy Casal
- MindScope Program, Allen InstituteSeattleUnited States
| | - Andy Cho
- MindScope Program, Allen InstituteSeattleUnited States
| | - Daniel J Denman
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Allen InstituteSeattleUnited States
| | | | | | - Gregg Heller
- MindScope Program, Allen InstituteSeattleUnited States
| | - India Kato
- MindScope Program, Allen InstituteSeattleUnited States
| | - Sara Kivikas
- MindScope Program, Allen InstituteSeattleUnited States
| | - Jérôme Lecoq
- MindScope Program, Allen InstituteSeattleUnited States
| | - Chelsea Nayan
- MindScope Program, Allen InstituteSeattleUnited States
| | - Kiet Ngo
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Allen InstituteSeattleUnited States
| | - Philip R Nicovich
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Allen InstituteSeattleUnited States
| | - Kat North
- MindScope Program, Allen InstituteSeattleUnited States
| | | | - Jackie Swapp
- MindScope Program, Allen InstituteSeattleUnited States
| | - Xana Waughman
- MindScope Program, Allen InstituteSeattleUnited States
| | - Ali Williford
- MindScope Program, Allen InstituteSeattleUnited States
| | - Shawn R Olsen
- MindScope Program, Allen InstituteSeattleUnited States
| | - Christof Koch
- MindScope Program, Allen InstituteSeattleUnited States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Siegle JH, Jia X, Durand S, Gale S, Bennett C, Graddis N, Heller G, Ramirez TK, Choi H, Luviano JA, Groblewski PA, Ahmed R, Arkhipov A, Bernard A, Billeh YN, Brown D, Buice MA, Cain N, Caldejon S, Casal L, Cho A, Chvilicek M, Cox TC, Dai K, Denman DJ, de Vries SEJ, Dietzman R, Esposito L, Farrell C, Feng D, Galbraith J, Garrett M, Gelfand EC, Hancock N, Harris JA, Howard R, Hu B, Hytnen R, Iyer R, Jessett E, Johnson K, Kato I, Kiggins J, Lambert S, Lecoq J, Ledochowitsch P, Lee JH, Leon A, Li Y, Liang E, Long F, Mace K, Melchior J, Millman D, Mollenkopf T, Nayan C, Ng L, Ngo K, Nguyen T, Nicovich PR, North K, Ocker GK, Ollerenshaw D, Oliver M, Pachitariu M, Perkins J, Reding M, Reid D, Robertson M, Ronellenfitch K, Seid S, Slaughterbeck C, Stoecklin M, Sullivan D, Sutton B, Swapp J, Thompson C, Turner K, Wakeman W, Whitesell JD, Williams D, Williford A, Young R, Zeng H, Naylor S, Phillips JW, Reid RC, Mihalas S, Olsen SR, Koch C. Survey of spiking in the mouse visual system reveals functional hierarchy. Nature 2021; 592:86-92. [PMID: 33473216 PMCID: PMC10399640 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The anatomy of the mammalian visual system, from the retina to the neocortex, is organized hierarchically1. However, direct observation of cellular-level functional interactions across this hierarchy is lacking due to the challenge of simultaneously recording activity across numerous regions. Here we describe a large, open dataset-part of the Allen Brain Observatory2-that surveys spiking from tens of thousands of units in six cortical and two thalamic regions in the brains of mice responding to a battery of visual stimuli. Using cross-correlation analysis, we reveal that the organization of inter-area functional connectivity during visual stimulation mirrors the anatomical hierarchy from the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas3. We find that four classical hierarchical measures-response latency, receptive-field size, phase-locking to drifting gratings and response decay timescale-are all correlated with the hierarchy. Moreover, recordings obtained during a visual task reveal that the correlation between neural activity and behavioural choice also increases along the hierarchy. Our study provides a foundation for understanding coding and signal propagation across hierarchically organized cortical and thalamic visual areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoxuan Jia
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | - Sam Gale
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Nile Graddis
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Hannah Choi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Amy Bernard
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Dillan Brown
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Cain
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Linzy Casal
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Cho
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Timothy C Cox
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Kael Dai
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel J Denman
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.,The University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David Feng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian Hu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ross Hytnen
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - India Kato
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Jerome Lecoq
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Arielle Leon
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Fuhui Long
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kyla Mace
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lydia Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kiet Ngo
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Kat North
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jed Perkins
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - David Reid
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Sam Seid
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ben Sutton
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jackie Swapp
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rob Young
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah Naylor
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - R Clay Reid
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Shawn R Olsen
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jia X, Siegle JH, Bennett C, Gale SD, Denman DJ, Koch C, Olsen SR. High-density extracellular probes reveal dendritic backpropagation and facilitate neuron classification. J Neurophysiol 2019; 121:1831-1847. [PMID: 30840526 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00680.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Different neuron types serve distinct roles in neural processing. Extracellular electrical recordings are extensively used to study brain function but are typically blind to cell identity. Morphoelectrical properties of neurons measured on spatially dense electrode arrays have the potential to distinguish neuron types. We used high-density silicon probes to record from cortical and subcortical regions of the mouse brain. Extracellular waveforms of each neuron were detected across many channels and showed distinct spatiotemporal profiles among brain regions. Classification of neurons by brain region was improved with multichannel compared with single-channel waveforms. In visual cortex, unsupervised clustering identified the canonical regular-spiking (RS) and fast-spiking (FS) classes but also indicated a subclass of RS units with unidirectional backpropagating action potentials (BAPs). Moreover, BAPs were observed in many hippocampal RS cells. Overall, waveform analysis of spikes from high-density probes aids neuron identification and can reveal dendritic backpropagation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY It is challenging to identify neuron types with extracellular electrophysiology in vivo. We show that spatiotemporal action potentials measured on high-density electrode arrays can capture cell type-specific morphoelectrical properties, allowing classification of neurons across brain structures and within the cortex. Moreover, backpropagating action potentials are reliably detected in vivo from subpopulations of cortical and hippocampal neurons. Together, these results enhance the utility of dense extracellular electrophysiology for cell-type interrogation of brain network function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Jia
- Allen Institute for Brain Science , Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Samuel D Gale
- Allen Institute for Brain Science , Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute for Brain Science , Seattle, Washington
| | - Shawn R Olsen
- Allen Institute for Brain Science , Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Denman DJ. The songs of silence: cortical suppression and synchronization by layer-specific activation. J Physiol 2018; 596:1541-1542. [PMID: 29512157 DOI: 10.1113/jp275797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Denman
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Denman DJ, Luviano JA, Ollerenshaw DR, Cross S, Williams D, Buice MA, Olsen SR, Reid RC. Mouse color and wavelength-specific luminance contrast sensitivity are non-uniform across visual space. eLife 2018; 7:e31209. [PMID: 29319502 PMCID: PMC5762155 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian visual behaviors, as well as responses in the neural systems underlying these behaviors, are driven by luminance and color contrast. With constantly improving tools for measuring activity in cell-type-specific populations in the mouse during visual behavior, it is important to define the extent of luminance and color information that is behaviorally accessible to the mouse. A non-uniform distribution of cone opsins in the mouse retina potentially complicates both luminance and color sensitivity; opposing gradients of short (UV-shifted) and middle (blue/green) cone opsins suggest that color discrimination and wavelength-specific luminance contrast sensitivity may differ with retinotopic location. Here we ask how well mice can discriminate color and wavelength-specific luminance changes across visuotopic space. We found that mice were able to discriminate color and were able to do so more broadly across visuotopic space than expected from the cone-opsin distribution. We also found wavelength-band-specific differences in luminance sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sissy Cross
- Allen Institute for Brain ScienceSeattleUnited States
| | | | | | - Shawn R Olsen
- Allen Institute for Brain ScienceSeattleUnited States
| | - R Clay Reid
- Allen Institute for Brain ScienceSeattleUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jun JJ, Steinmetz NA, Siegle JH, Denman DJ, Bauza M, Barbarits B, Lee AK, Anastassiou CA, Andrei A, Aydın Ç, Barbic M, Blanche TJ, Bonin V, Couto J, Dutta B, Gratiy SL, Gutnisky DA, Häusser M, Karsh B, Ledochowitsch P, Lopez CM, Mitelut C, Musa S, Okun M, Pachitariu M, Putzeys J, Rich PD, Rossant C, Sun WL, Svoboda K, Carandini M, Harris KD, Koch C, O'Keefe J, Harris TD. Fully integrated silicon probes for high-density recording of neural activity. Nature 2017; 551:232-236. [PMID: 29120427 PMCID: PMC5955206 DOI: 10.1038/nature24636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 951] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sensory, motor and cognitive operations involve the coordinated action of large neuronal populations across multiple brain regions in both superficial and deep structures. Existing extracellular probes record neural activity with excellent spatial and temporal (sub-millisecond) resolution, but from only a few dozen neurons per shank. Optical Ca2+ imaging offers more coverage but lacks the temporal resolution needed to distinguish individual spikes reliably and does not measure local field potentials. Until now, no technology compatible with use in unrestrained animals has combined high spatiotemporal resolution with large volume coverage. Here we design, fabricate and test a new silicon probe known as Neuropixels to meet this need. Each probe has 384 recording channels that can programmably address 960 complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processing-compatible low-impedance TiN sites that tile a single 10-mm long, 70 × 20-μm cross-section shank. The 6 × 9-mm probe base is fabricated with the shank on a single chip. Voltage signals are filtered, amplified, multiplexed and digitized on the base, allowing the direct transmission of noise-free digital data from the probe. The combination of dense recording sites and high channel count yielded well-isolated spiking activity from hundreds of neurons per probe implanted in mice and rats. Using two probes, more than 700 well-isolated single neurons were recorded simultaneously from five brain structures in an awake mouse. The fully integrated functionality and small size of Neuropixels probes allowed large populations of neurons from several brain structures to be recorded in freely moving animals. This combination of high-performance electrode technology and scalable chip fabrication methods opens a path towards recording of brain-wide neural activity during behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J. Jun
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Dr., Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Nicholas A. Steinmetz
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Joshua H. Siegle
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Daniel J. Denman
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Marius Bauza
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Sainsbury Wellcome Center, University College London, London W1T 4JG, UK
| | - Brian Barbarits
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Dr., Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Albert K. Lee
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Dr., Ashburn, VA 20147
| | | | | | - Çağatay Aydın
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Biology, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mladen Barbic
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Dr., Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Timothy J. Blanche
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109
- White Matter LLC, Seattle, USA
| | - Vincent Bonin
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven Belgium
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Biology, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - João Couto
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Biology, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Sergey L. Gratiy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109
| | | | - Michael Häusser
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Bill Karsh
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Dr., Ashburn, VA 20147
| | | | | | - Catalin Mitelut
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Silke Musa
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven Belgium
| | - Michael Okun
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
- Centre for Systems Neuroscience, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7QR, UK
| | - Marius Pachitariu
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Jan Putzeys
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven Belgium
| | - P. Dylan Rich
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Dr., Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Cyrille Rossant
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Wei-lung Sun
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Dr., Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Karel Svoboda
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Dr., Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Matteo Carandini
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Kenneth D. Harris
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - John O'Keefe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Sainsbury Wellcome Center, University College London, London W1T 4JG, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Denman DJ, Siegle JH, Koch C, Reid RC, Blanche TJ. Spatial Organization of Chromatic Pathways in the Mouse Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus. J Neurosci 2017; 37:1102-1116. [PMID: 27986926 PMCID: PMC6596857 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1742-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In both dichromats and trichromats, cone opsin signals are maintained independently in cones and combined at the bipolar and retinal ganglion cell level, creating parallel color opponent pathways to the central visual system. Like other dichromats, the mouse retina expresses a short-wavelength (S) and a medium-wavelength (M) opsin, with the S-opsin shifted to peak sensitivity in the ultraviolet (UV) range. Unlike in primates, nonuniform opsin expression across the retina and coexpression in single cones creates a mostly mixed chromatic signal. Here, we describe the visuotopic and chromatic organization of spiking responses in the dorsal lateral geniculate and of the local field potentials in their recipient zone in primary visual cortex (V1). We used an immersive visual stimulus dome that allowed us to present spatiotemporally modulated UV and green luminance in any region of the visual field of an awake, head-fixed mouse. Consistent with retinal expression of opsins, we observed graded UV-to-green dominated responses from the upper to lower visual fields, with a smaller difference across azimuth. In addition, we identified a subpopulation of cells (<10%) that exhibited spectrally opponent responses along the S-M axis. Luminance signals of each wavelength and color signals project to the middle layers of V1. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In natural environments, color information is useful for guiding behavior. How small terrestrial mammals such as mice use graded expression of cone opsins to extract visual information from their environments is not clear, even as the use of mice for studying visually guided behavior grows. In this study, we examined the color signals that the retina sends to the visual cortex via the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. We found that green dominated responses in the lower and nasal visual field and ultraviolet dominated responses in the upper visual field. We describe a subset of cells that exhibit color opponent responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Denman
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Joshua H Siegle
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - R Clay Reid
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The mouse visual system is an emerging model for the study of cortical and thalamic circuit function. To maximize the usefulness of this model system, it is important to analyze the similarities and differences between the organization of all levels of the murid visual system with other, better studied systems (e.g., non-human primates and the domestic cat). While the understanding of mouse retina and cortex has expanded rapidly, less is known about mouse dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). Here, we study whether parallel processing streams exist in mouse dLGN. We use a battery of stimuli that have been previously shown to successfully distinguish parallel streams in other species: electrical stimulation of the optic chiasm, contrast-reversing stationary gratings at varying spatial phase, drifting sinusoidal gratings, dense noise for receptive field reconstruction, and frozen contrast-modulating noise. As in the optic nerves of domestic cats and non-human primates, we find evidence for multiple conduction velocity groups after optic chiasm stimulation. As in so-called “visual mammals”, we find a subpopulation of mouse dLGN cells showing non-linear spatial summation. However, differences in stimulus selectivity and sensitivity do not provide sufficient basis for identification of clearly distinct classes of relay cells. Nevertheless, consistent with presumptively homologous status of dLGNs of all mammals, there are substantial similarities between response properties of mouse dLGN neurons and those of cats and primates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Contreras
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pak N, Siegle JH, Kinney JP, Denman DJ, Blanche TJ, Boyden ES. Closed-loop, ultraprecise, automated craniotomies. J Neurophysiol 2015; 113:3943-53. [PMID: 25855700 DOI: 10.1152/jn.01055.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A large array of neuroscientific techniques, including in vivo electrophysiology, two-photon imaging, optogenetics, lesions, and microdialysis, require access to the brain through the skull. Ideally, the necessary craniotomies could be performed in a repeatable and automated fashion, without damaging the underlying brain tissue. Here we report that when drilling through the skull a stereotypical increase in conductance can be observed when the drill bit passes through the skull base. We present an architecture for a robotic device that can perform this algorithm, along with two implementations--one based on homebuilt hardware and one based on commercially available hardware--that can automatically detect such changes and create large numbers of precise craniotomies, even in a single skull. We also show that this technique can be adapted to automatically drill cranial windows several millimeters in diameter. Such robots will not only be useful for helping neuroscientists perform both small and large craniotomies more reliably but can also be used to create precisely aligned arrays of craniotomies with stereotaxic registration to standard brain atlases that would be difficult to drill by hand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Pak
- Media Lab and McGovern Institute, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Justin P Kinney
- Media Lab and McGovern Institute, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Edward S Boyden
- Media Lab and McGovern Institute, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Denman DJ, Contreras D. The structure of pairwise correlation in mouse primary visual cortex reveals functional organization in the absence of an orientation map. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 24:2707-20. [PMID: 23689635 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Neural responses to sensory stimuli are not independent. Pairwise correlation can reduce coding efficiency, occur independent of stimulus representation, or serve as an additional channel of information, depending on the timescale of correlation and the method of decoding. Any role for correlation depends on its magnitude and structure. In sensory areas with maps, like the orientation map in primary visual cortex (V1), correlation is strongly related to the underlying functional architecture, but it is unclear whether this correlation structure is an essential feature of the system or arises from the arrangement of cells in the map. We assessed the relationship between functional architecture and pairwise correlation by measuring both synchrony and correlated spike count variability in mouse V1, which lacks an orientation map. We observed significant pairwise synchrony, which was organized by distance and relative orientation preference between cells. We also observed nonzero correlated variability in both the anesthetized (0.16) and awake states (0.18). Our results indicate that the structure of pairwise correlation is maintained in the absence of an underlying anatomical organization and may be an organizing principle of the mammalian visual system preserved by nonrandom connectivity within local networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Denman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Diego Contreras
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hermaszewski RA, Ratnavel RC, Denman DJ, Denman AM, Webster AD. Immunodeficiency and lymphoproliferative disorders. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol 1991; 5:277-300. [PMID: 1756585 DOI: 10.1016/s0950-3579(05)80284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|