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Vidal AC, Sosnowski DW, Marchesoni J, Grenier C, Thorp J, Murphy SK, Johnson SB, Schlief B, Hoyo C. Maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and offspring imprinted gene DMR methylation at birth. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2293412. [PMID: 38100614 PMCID: PMC10730185 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2293412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) contribute to numerous negative health outcomes across the life course and across generations. Here, we extend prior work by examining the association of maternal ACEs, and their interaction with financial stress and discrimination, with methylation status within eight differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in imprinted domains in newborns. ACEs, financial stress during pregnancy, and experience of discrimination were self-reported among 232 pregnant women. DNA methylation was assessed at PEG10/SGCE, NNAT, IGF2, H19, PLAGL1, PEG3, MEG3-IG, and DLK1/MEG3 regulatory sequences using pyrosequencing. Using multivariable linear regression models, we found evidence to suggest that financial stress was associated with hypermethylation of MEG3-IG in non-Hispanic White newborns; discrimination was associated with hypermethylation of IGF2 and NNAT in Hispanic newborns, and with hypomethylation of PEG3 in non-Hispanic Black newborns. We also found evidence that maternal ACEs interacted with discrimination to predict offspring PLAGL1 altered DMR methylation, in addition to interactions between maternal ACEs score and discrimination predicting H19 and SGCE/PEG10 altered methylation in non-Hispanic White newborns. However, these interactions were not statistically significant after multiple testing corrections. Findings from this study suggest that maternal ACEs, discrimination, and financial stress are associated with newborn aberrant methylation in imprinted gene regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C. Vidal
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - David W. Sosnowski
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joddy Marchesoni
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Carole Grenier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John Thorp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health, UNC Gillings School of Public Health, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susan K. Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sara B. Johnson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Population, Family & Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Billy Schlief
- Johns Hopkins All Children’s Pediatric Biorepository, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Raghunathan RS, Johnson SB, Voegtline KM, Sosnowski DW, Kuehn M, Ialongo NS, Musci RJ. Longitudinal patterns of adversity from childhood to adolescence: Examining associations with mental health through emerging adulthood using a random-intercept latent transition analysis. Dev Psychol 2024:2024-58387-001. [PMID: 38421781 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Childhood adversity can have detrimental impacts on life course mental and physical health. Timing, nature, severity, and chronicity of adversity are thought to explain much of the variability in health and developmental outcomes among exposed individuals. The current study seeks to characterize heterogeneity in adverse experiences over time at the individual, family, and neighborhood domains in a cohort of predominantly Black children (85% Black and 15% White, 46.2% girls, 67.2% free/reduced lunch in first grade), and to examine associations with mental health from sixth grade to age 26. Participants were part of a randomized universal preventive interventions trial in first grade with prospective follow-up through early adulthood. Separate models characterized heterogeneity in adversity in elementary, middle, and high schools. Changes in adversity over time and relationships with mental health (anxiety, depression, suicidal behaviors) were investigated using a random-intercept latent transition analysis (RI-LTA). We identified three-class solutions in early childhood, middle school, and high school. Generally, both a higher and a lower poly-adversity class were observed at each time point, with varying nature of adversity characterized by the third class. RI-LTA indicated prevalent within-individual changes in adverse exposure over time and differential associations with mental health and suicidal behaviors. Results suggest that treating adverse exposures as a static construct may limit the ability to characterize salient variation over time. Identifying complexity in adverse experiences and their relation to health and well-being is key for developing and implementing effective prevention and early intervention efforts to mitigate negative effects through the life course. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara B Johnson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | | | - David W Sosnowski
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | | | - Nicholas S Ialongo
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Rashelle J Musci
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
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Luken A, Rabinowitz JA, Wells JL, Sosnowski DW, Strickland JC, Thrul J, Kirk GD, Maher BS. Designing and Validating a Novel Method for Assessing Delay Discounting Associated With Health Behaviors: Ecological Momentary Assessment Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e48954. [PMID: 38412027 PMCID: PMC10933719 DOI: 10.2196/48954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delay discounting quantifies an individual's preference for smaller, short-term rewards over larger, long-term rewards and represents a transdiagnostic factor associated with numerous adverse health outcomes. Rather than a fixed trait, delay discounting may vary over time and place, influenced by individual and contextual factors. Continuous, real-time measurement could inform adaptive interventions for various health conditions. OBJECTIVE The goals of this paper are 2-fold. First, we present and validate a novel, short, ecological momentary assessment (EMA)-based delay discounting scale we developed. Second, we assess this tool's ability to reproduce known associations between delay discounting and health behaviors (ie, substance use and craving) using a convenience-based sample. METHODS Participants (N=97) were adults (age range 18-71 years), recruited on social media. In phase 1, data were collected on participant sociodemographic characteristics, and delay discounting was evaluated via the traditional Monetary Choice Questionnaire (MCQ) and our novel method (ie, 7-item time-selection and 7-item monetary-selection scales). During phase 2 (approximately 6 months later), participants completed the MCQ, our novel delay discounting measures, and health outcomes questions. The correlations between our method and the traditional MCQ within and across phases were examined. For scale reduction, a random number of items were iteratively selected, and the correlation between the full and random scales was assessed. We then examined the association between our time- and monetary-selection scales assessed during phase 2 and the percentage of assessments that participants endorsed using or craving alcohol, tobacco, or cannabis. RESULTS In total, 6 of the 7 individual time-selection items were highly correlated with the full scale (r>0.89). Both time-selection (r=0.71; P<.001) and monetary-selection (r=0.66; P<.001) delay discounting rates had high test-retest reliability across phases 1 and 2. Phase 1 MCQ delay discounting function highly correlated with phase 1 (r=0.76; P<.001) and phase 2 (r=0.45; P<.001) time-selection delay discounting scales. One or more randomly chosen time-selection items were highly correlated with the full scale (r>0.94). Greater delay discounting measured via the time-selection measure (adjusted mean difference=5.89, 95% CI 1.99-9.79), but not the monetary-selection scale (adjusted mean difference=-0.62, 95% CI -3.57 to 2.32), was associated with more past-hour tobacco use endorsement in follow-up surveys. CONCLUSIONS This study evaluated a novel EMA-based scale's ability to validly and reliably assess delay discounting. By measuring delay discounting with fewer items and in situ via EMA in natural environments, researchers may be better able to identify individuals at risk for poor health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Luken
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jill A Rabinowitz
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jonathan L Wells
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - David W Sosnowski
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Justin C Strickland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Johannes Thrul
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gregory D Kirk
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brion S Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Sosnowski DW, Rojo-Wissar DM, Peng G, Parade SH, Sharkey K, Hoyo C, Murphy SK, Hernandez RG, Johnson SB. Maternal Childhood Adversity and Infant Epigenetic Aging: Moderation by Restless Sleep During Pregnancy. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22464. [PMID: 38601952 PMCID: PMC11003750 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to childhood adversity is associated with detrimental health outcomes throughout the lifespan and may have implications for offspring. Evidence links maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to detrimental birth outcomes, yet the impact on the infant's epigenome is unclear. Moreover, maternal sleep habits during pregnancy may influence this association. Here, we explore whether restless sleep during pregnancy moderates the association between exposure to maternal childhood adversity and infant epigenetic age acceleration in 332 mother-infant dyads (56% female; 39% Black; 25% Hispanic). During the 2nd trimester, mothers self-reported childhood adversity and past-week restless sleep; DNA methylation from umbilical vein endothelial cells was used to estimate five epigenetic clocks. Multivariable linear regression was used to test study hypotheses. Despite no evidence of main effects, there was evidence of an interaction between maternal ACEs and restless sleep in predicting infant epigenetic age acceleration using the EPIC Gestational Age clock. Only infants whose mothers reported exposure to both ACEs and restless sleep demonstrated accelerated epigenetic aging. Results provide preliminary evidence that maternal childhood adversity and sleep may influence the infant epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Sosnowski
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Darlynn M. Rojo-Wissar
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
- Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital
| | - Gang Peng
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Stephanie H. Parade
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
- Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital
| | - Katherine Sharkey
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment North Carolina State University
| | - Susan K. Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine
| | | | - Sara B. Johnson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
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Rabinowitz JA, Reboussin BA, Sosnowski DW, Kuo SIC, Strickland JC, García-Marín LM, Rentería ME, Gillespie N, Maher B, Ialongo NS, Thorpe RJ, Uhl G. Associations of polygenic risk scores for smoking heaviness and lifetime cannabis use with tobacco and cannabis co-use trajectories among African Americans. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 250:110895. [PMID: 37517263 PMCID: PMC10495192 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to identify distinct trajectories of tobacco, cannabis, and their co-use among African Americans, and to investigate whether these patterns were associated with polygenic risk scores (PRS) for tobacco and cannabis use. METHOD Participants (N=428 participants; 50.9% male) were initially recruited for an elementary school-based prevention in a Mid-Atlantic city when they were in first grade. From ages 14-26, participants reported on their frequency of tobacco and cannabis use in the past year during annual assessments. DNA was collected from participants at age 21. PRS for smoking heaviness (i.e., cigarettes per day) and lifetime cannabis use were created based on genome-wide association study results derived from Liu et al. (2019) and Pasman et al. (2018), respectively. RESULTS We identified five distinct trajectories of tobacco and cannabis co-use, including (1) Low Tobacco and Cannabis Use, (2) Adolescent Limited Tobacco and Cannabis Use, (3) Experimental Cannabis, Young Adult Increasing Tobacco, (4) Experimental Tobacco, Young Adult Increasing Cannabis, and (5) High, Chronic Tobacco and Cannabis Use. Compared to the Low Tobacco and Cannabis Use subgroup, individuals in the High, Chronic Tobacco and Cannabis Use subgroup had greater PRS for smoking heaviness, and individuals in the Experimental Cannabis, Young Adult Increasing Tobacco subgroup had higher PRS for lifetime cannabis use. CONCLUSIONS Polygenic risk for lifetime cannabis use and smoking heaviness is associated with the developmental progression of tobacco and cannabis co-use among African Americans, furthering knowledge on the etiology of co-use in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Rabinowitz
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Beth A Reboussin
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - David W Sosnowski
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Justin C Strickland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luis M García-Marín
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland4012, Australia
| | - Miguel E Rentería
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland4012, Australia
| | - Nathan Gillespie
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Brion Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas S Ialongo
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - George Uhl
- New Mexico VA Health Care SystemAlbuquerque, NMUSA
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Peng G, Sosnowski DW, Murphy SK, Johnson SB, Skaar D, Schleif WS, Hernandez RG, Monforte H, Zhao H, Hoyo C. An epigenetic clock for gestational age based on human umbilical vein endothelial cells from a diverse population of newborns. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3112428. [PMID: 37461438 PMCID: PMC10350106 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3112428/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Epigenetic clocks are emerging as a useful tool in many areas of research. Many epigenetic clocks have been developed for adults; however, there are fewer clocks focused on newborns and most are trained using blood from European ancestry populations. In this study, we built an epigenetic clock based on primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells from a racially and ethnically diverse population. Results Using human umbilical vein endothelial cell [HUVEC]-derived DNA, we calculated epigenetic gestational age using 83 CpG sites selected through elastic net regression. In this study with newborns from different racial/ethnic identities, epigenetic gestational age and clinical gestational age were more highly correlated (r = 0.85), than epigenetic clocks built from adult and other pediatric populations. The correlation was also higher than clocks based on blood samples from newborns with European ancestry. We also found that birth weight was positively associated with epigenetic gestational age acceleration (EGAA), while NICU admission was associated with lower EGAA. Newborns self-identified as Hispanic or non-Hispanic Black had lower EGAA than self-identified as non-Hispanic White. Conclusions Epigenetic gestational age can be used to estimate clinical gestational age and may help index neonatal development. Caution should be exercised when using epigenetic clocks built from adults with children, especially newborns. We highlight the importance of cell type-specific epigenetic clocks and general pan tissue epigenetic clocks derived from a large racially and ethnically diverse population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Peng
- Indiana University School of Medicine
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Sosnowski DW, Ellison-Barnes A, Kaufman J, Hoyo C, Murphy SK, Hernandez RG, Marchesoni J, Klein LM, Johnson SB. Correction: Financial stress as a mediator of the association between maternal childhood adversity and infant birth weight, gestational age, and NICU admission. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:831. [PMID: 37147625 PMCID: PMC10161438 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David W Sosnowski
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA.
| | | | - Joan Kaufman
- Center for Child and Family Traumatic Stress, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Psychiatric and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Human Health, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Raquel G Hernandez
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Joddy Marchesoni
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Human Health, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - Lauren M Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Sara B Johnson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Population, Family & Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
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Sosnowski DW, Rojo-Wissar DM, Smail EJ, Musci RJ, Wilcox HC, Johnson SB. Expanding on Threat and Deprivation: Empirical Examination of Adversity Dimensions and Psychiatric Outcomes Among Emerging Adults. Emerg Adulthood 2023; 11:431-443. [PMID: 36969950 PMCID: PMC10038124 DOI: 10.1177/21676968221114260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Dimensional models of adversity, whereby experiences lie along dimensions of threat and deprivation, are increasingly popular; however, their empirical validation is limited. In a sample of emerging adults (N=1,662; M age =20.72; 53% female; 72% Black), we conducted exploratory factor analyses using adversities derived from items probing family relationships and a validated assessment of traumatic events. Resulting factors were used to test associations with odds of lifetime diagnosis of a substance use disorder, other mental health disorders, and suicide attempt. Results supported a four-factor solution: threat (non-betrayal), emotional deprivation, sexual assault, and threat (betrayal). Threat (betrayal) summary scores were most strongly associated with increased odds of substance use and other disorders, whereas sexual assault was most strongly associated increased odds of lifetime suicide attempt. Findings provide some empirical support for categorizing adversity along dimensions of threat and deprivation. However, it also suggests the possibility of further divisions within these dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Sosnowski
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | | | - Emily J Smail
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Rashelle J Musci
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Holly C Wilcox
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Sara B Johnson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
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Sosnowski DW, Ellison-Barnes A, Kaufman J, Hoyo C, Murphy SK, Hernandez RG, Marchesoni J, Klein LM, Johnson SB. Financial stress as a mediator of the association between maternal childhood adversity and infant birth weight, gestational age, and NICU admission. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:606. [PMID: 36997868 PMCID: PMC10064571 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15495-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine whether financial stress during pregnancy mediates the association between maternal exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and three birth outcomes (i.e., gestational age, birth weight, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit [NICU]). METHODS Data were obtained from a prospective cohort study of pregnant women and their infants in Florida and North Carolina. Mothers (n = 531; Mage at delivery = 29.8 years; 38% Black; 22% Hispanic) self-reported their exposure to childhood adversity and financial stress during pregnancy. Data on infant gestational age at birth, birth weight, and admission to the NICU were obtained from medical records within 7 days of delivery. Mediation analysis was used to test study hypotheses, adjusting for study cohort, maternal race, ethnicity, body mass index, and tobacco use during pregnancy. RESULTS There was evidence of an indirect association between maternal exposure to childhood adversity and infant gestational age at birth (b = -0.03, 95% CI = -0.06 - -0.01) and infant birth weight (b = -8.85, 95% CI = -18.60 - -1.28) such that higher maternal ACE score was associated with earlier gestational age and lower infant birth weight through increases in financial distress during pregnancy. There was no evidence of an indirect association between maternal exposure to childhood adversity and infant NICU admission (b = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.02-0.08). CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate one pathway linking maternal childhood adversity to a potentially preterm birth or shorter gestational age, in addition to low birth weight at delivery, and present an opportunity for targeted intervention to support expecting mothers who face financial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Sosnowski
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA.
| | | | - Joan Kaufman
- Center for Child and Family Traumatic Stress, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Psychiatric and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Human Health, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Raquel G Hernandez
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Joddy Marchesoni
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Human Health, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - Lauren M Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Sara B Johnson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Population, Family & Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
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Patel EU, Astemborski J, Feder KA, Rudolph JE, Winiker A, Sosnowski DW, Kirk GD, Mehta SH, Genberg BL. Temporal association of pre-pandemic perceived social support with psychological resilience and mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic among people with a history of injection drug use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 244:109802. [PMID: 36774804 PMCID: PMC9908589 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data on whether modifiable social factors foster psychological resilience and mental well-being among people who use drugs following Big Events. We examined the temporal association of pre-pandemic perceived social support with psychological resilience and negative mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among people with a history of injection drug use. METHODS Between June and September 2020, we conducted a telephone survey among 545 participants in the AIDS Linked to the IntraVenous Experience (ALIVE) study: a community-based cohort of adults with a history of injection drug use. Leveraging data from study visits in 2018-early 2020, associations of pre-pandemic perceived social support with psychological resilience scores (range=1-5) and the probability of negative mental health symptoms during the pandemic were assessed using multivariable linear and modified Poisson regression models, respectively. RESULTS Participants' median age was 58 years, 38.2% were female, 83.3% identified as Black, and 30.3% were living with HIV. During the pandemic, 14.5% had low (<3) resilience scores, 36.1% experienced anxiety, and 35.8% reported increased loneliness. Compared to participants in the lowest tertile of pre-pandemic social support, participants in the highest tertile had higher mean resilience scores (β = 0.27 [95% CI = 0.12, 0.43]), a lower probability of anxiety (prevalence ratio [PR] = 0.71 [95% CI = 0.52, 0.96]), and a lower probability of increased loneliness (PR = 0.62 [95% CI = 0.45, 0.84]). CONCLUSIONS Pre-pandemic perceived social support was associated with greater psychological resilience and generally better mental well-being during the pandemic. Interventions that improve social support may foster psychological resilience and protect the mental well-being of people who use drugs, especially during periods of social disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshan U Patel
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacquie Astemborski
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth A Feder
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Rudolph
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abigail Winiker
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David W Sosnowski
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregory D Kirk
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shruti H Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Becky L Genberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Rojo-Wissar DM, Reid MJ, Burton E, Sosnowski DW, Smith MT, Coughlin JW, Spira AP, Salwen-Deremer JK. Adverse childhood experiences and sleep links in a predominantly Black sample of overweight adults. Stress Health 2023; 39:209-218. [PMID: 35776910 PMCID: PMC9805473 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with worse sleep, but existing literature is limited by use of predominantly White samples, lack of objective sleep measurement, and use of non-standardized questionnaires. We investigated associations between retrospectively reported ACEs and sleep in adulthood in a sample of 43 adults 20-53 years of age, free from chronic conditions, with a Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 (Mean age = 33.14 [SD = 10.05], 74% female, 54% Black). Sleep efficiency (SE), total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep onset latency (SOL), were measured by actigraphy and daily diary. Global sleep quality and insomnia severity were measured by questionnaires. Sleepiness, fatigue, and sleep quality were also measured by daily diary. Adjusting for demographic characteristics and BMI, ACEs were significantly associated with poorer global sleep quality and diary measures of greater daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and poorer sleep quality. There were no significant associations between ACEs and SE, TST, WASO, or SOL measured by diary or actigraphy. Findings suggest that ACEs are associated with worse sleep perception and daytime functioning in adulthood. Larger prospective studies are needed to replicate these findings, examine racial/ethnic differences, and determine temporal associations between ACEs, sleep, and health (e.g., BMI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlynn M. Rojo-Wissar
- The Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Matthew J. Reid
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Emily Burton
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - David W. Sosnowski
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael T. Smith
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Janelle W. Coughlin
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Adam P. Spira
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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12
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Anyigbo C, Jimenez ME, Sosnowski DW. Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences at Age 5 Years and Healthcare Utilization at Age 9 Years. J Pediatr 2022; 246:227-234.e2. [PMID: 35427692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) at age 5 years and healthcare utilization patterns at age 9 years. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a secondary analysis using longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Caregivers (n = 2521) provided data on their child's ACEs at age 5 years and on 4 types of healthcare utilization at age 9 years: past-year well visits, dental visits, primary care sick visits for injury or illness, and emergency room (ER) visits. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between ACEs at age 5 and each type of healthcare utilization, adjusting for relevant sociodemographic covariates. RESULTS Among the 2521 children (51% male, 48% Non-Hispanic Black), 77% had ≥1 ACE at age 5. Children with ≥4 ACEs had lower odds of a dental visit (aOR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29-0.91) and higher odds of a primary care sick visit (aOR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.20-2.64) and an ER visit (aOR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.11-2.59) compared with children with no reported ACEs. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate suboptimal healthcare utilization patterns among families with ACEs and indicate a need for targeted interventions that support appropriate healthcare utilization for children who endure adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidiogo Anyigbo
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.
| | - Manuel E Jimenez
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
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13
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Sosnowski DW, Jaffe AE, Tao R, Deep-Soboslay A, Shu C, Sabunciyan S, Kleinman JE, Hyde TM, Maher BS. Differential expression of NPAS4 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex following opioid overdose. Drug Alcohol Depend Rep 2022; 3:100040. [PMID: 36845993 PMCID: PMC9948892 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Although preclinical models reveal the neurobiological pathways altered through opioid abuse, comprehensive assessments of gene expression in human brain samples are needed. Moreover, less is known about gene expression in response to fatal overdose. The primary goal of the present study was to compare gene expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) between brain samples of individuals who died of acute opioid intoxication and group-matched controls. Methods Postmortem tissue samples of the DLPFC from 153 deceased individuals (Mage = 35.4; 62% male; 77% European ancestry). Study groups included 72 brain samples from individuals who died of acute opioid intoxication, 53 psychiatric controls, and 28 normal controls. Whole transcriptome RNA-sequencing was used to generate exon counts, and differential expression was tested using limma-voom. Analyses were adjusted for relevant sociodemographic characteristics, technical covariates, and cryptic relatedness using quality surrogate variables. Weighted correlation network analysis and gene set enrichment analyses also were conducted. Results Two genes were differentially expressed in opioid samples compared to control samples. The top gene, NPAS4, was downregulated in opioid samples (log2FC = -2.47, adj. p = .049) and has been implicated in opioid, cocaine, and methamphetamine use. Weighted correlation network analysis revealed 15 gene modules associated with opioid overdose, though no intramodular hub genes were related to opioid overdose, nor were pathways related to opioid overdose enriched for differential expression. Conclusions Results provide preliminary evidence that NPAS4 is implicated in opioid overdose, and more research is needed to understand its role in opioid abuse and associated outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Sosnowski
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Andrew E. Jaffe
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, United States
| | - Ran Tao
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, United States
| | | | - Chang Shu
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, United States
| | | | - Joel E. Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, United States
| | | | - Brion S. Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
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14
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Sosnowski DW, Feder KA, Astemborski J, Genberg BL, Letourneau EJ, Musci RJ, Mojtabai R, McCall L, Hollander E, Loving L, Maher BS, Kirk GD, Mehta SH, Sun J. Adverse childhood experiences and comorbidity in a cohort of people who have injected drugs. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:986. [PMID: 35578217 PMCID: PMC9109307 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversity is associated with the onset of harmful adult substance use and related health problems, but most research on adversity has been conducted in general population samples. This study describes the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences in a cohort of people who have injected drugs and examines the association of these adverse experiences with medical comorbidities in adulthood. METHODS Six hundred fifty three adults were recruited from a 30-year cohort study on the health of people who have injected drugs living in and around Baltimore, Maryland (Median age = 47.5, Interquartile Range = 42.3-52.3 years; 67.3% male, 81.1% Black). Adverse childhood experiences were assessed retrospectively in 2018 via self-report interview. Lifetime medical comorbidities were ascertained via self-report of a provider diagnosis. Multinomial logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to examine the association between adversity and comorbid conditions, controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS Two hundred twelve participants (32.9%) reported 0-1 adverse childhood experiences, 215 (33.3%) reported 2-4, 145 (22.5%) reported 5-9, and 72 (11.1%) reported ≥10. Neighborhood violence was the most commonly reported adversity (48.5%). Individuals with ≥10 adverse childhood experiences had higher odds for reporting ≥3 comorbidities (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.2 - 6.8, p = .01). CONCLUSIONS Among people who have injected drugs, adverse childhood experiences were common and associated with increased occurrence of self-reported medical comorbidities. Findings highlight the persistent importance of adversity for physical health even in a population where all members have used drugs and there is a high burden of comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Sosnowski
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth A Feder
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacquie Astemborski
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Becky L Genberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Letourneau
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rashelle J Musci
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ramin Mojtabai
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa McCall
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eileen Hollander
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lynnet Loving
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brion S Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregory D Kirk
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shruti H Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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15
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Sosnowski DW, Stough CO, Weiss MJ, Cessna T, Casale A, Foran A, Erwinski M, Wilson J, Farber SA, Farber MA. Brief Report: A Novel Digital Therapeutic that Combines Applied Behavior Analysis with Gaze-Contingent Eye Tracking to Improve Emotion Recognition in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:2357-2366. [PMID: 34060003 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05101-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a video game-based digital therapeutic combining applied behavior analysis techniques and gaze-contingent eye tracking to target emotion recognition in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Children aged 4-14 years with ASD were randomized to complete Lookware™ (n = 25) or a control video game (n = 29). Results from a 2 × 2 mixed ANOVA revealed that children in the intervention condition demonstrated significant improvements in emotion recognition from pre- to post-intervention compared to children in the control condition, F(1,52) = 17.48, p < 0.001. Children and staff perceived high feasibility and acceptability of Lookware™. Study results demonstrated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of Lookware™.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Sosnowski
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Tahra Cessna
- Positive Behavior Supports Corporation, Stuart, FL, USA
| | - Amy Casale
- Nashoba Learning Group, Inc., Bedford, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Steven A Farber
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
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16
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Shu C, Sosnowski DW, Tao R, Deep-Soboslay A, Kleinman JE, Hyde TM, Jaffe AE, Sabunciyan S, Maher BS. Epigenome-wide study of brain DNA methylation following acute opioid intoxication. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 221:108658. [PMID: 33667780 PMCID: PMC8026744 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid abuse poses significant risk to individuals in the United States and epigenetic changes are a leading potential biomarker of opioid abuse. Current evidence, however, is mostly limited to candidate gene analysis in whole blood. To clarify the association between opioid abuse and DNA methylation, we conducted an epigenome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in brain samples of individuals who died from acute opioid intoxication and group-matched controls. METHODS Tissue samples were extracted from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 153 deceased individuals (Mage = 35.42; 62 % male; 77 % European ancestry). The study included 72 opioid samples, 53 psychiatric controls, and 28 normal controls. The epigenome-wide analysis was implemented using the Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip; analyses adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, negative control principal components, ancestry principal components, cellular composition, and surrogate variables. Horvath's epigenetic age and Levine's PhenoAge were calculated, and gene set enrichment analyses were performed. RESULTS Although no CpG sites survived false-discovery rate correction for multiple testing, 13 sites surpassed a relaxed significance threshold (p < 1.0 × 10-5). One of these sites was located within Netrin-1, a gene implicated in kappa opioid receptor activity. There was an association between opioid use and accelerated PhenoAge (b = 2.24, se = 1.11, p = .045). Gene set enrichment analyses revealed enrichment of differential methylation in GO and KEGG pathways broadly related to substance use. CONCLUSIONS Netrin-1 may be associated with opioid overdose, and future research with larger samples across stages of opioid use will elucidate the complex genomics of opioid abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, United States; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States
| | - David W Sosnowski
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States.
| | - Ran Tao
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, United States
| | | | - Joel E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, United States
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, United States
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States; Lieber Institute for Brain Development, United States
| | | | - Brion S Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States
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17
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Sosnowski DW, Kliewer W, Valrie CR, Winter MA, Serpell Z, Amstadter AB. The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Child Telomere Length: Examining Self-Regulation as a Behavioral Mediator. Child Dev 2021; 92:746-759. [PMID: 33783830 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Childhood adversity is linked to shortened telomere length (TL), but behavioral indicators of telomere attrition remain unclear. This study examined the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and child TL, and if ACEs were indirectly associated with TL through children's self-regulatory abilities (i.e., effortful control and self-control). Hypotheses were tested using national data from teachers, parents, and their children (N = 2,527; Mage = 9.35, SD = .36 years). More ACEs were uniquely associated with short TL, and low self-control mediated the association between more ACEs and short TL. While longitudinal studies are needed to strengthen claims of causation, this study identifies a pathway from ACEs to TL that should be explored further.
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18
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Collins BN, Lepore SJ, Winickoff JP, Sosnowski DW. Parents' Self-efficacy for Tobacco Exposure Protection and Smoking Abstinence Mediate Treatment Effects on Child Cotinine at 12-Month Follow-up: Mediation Results from the Kids Safe and Smokefree Trial. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:1981-1988. [PMID: 31536116 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Compared with the general smoking population, low-income smokers face elevated challenges to success in evidence-based smoking cessation treatment. Moreover, their children bear increased disease burden. Understanding behavioral mechanisms related to successful reduction of child tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) could inform future smoking interventions in vulnerable, underserved populations. METHODS Smoking parents were recruited from pediatric clinics in low-income communities and randomized into a multilevel intervention including a pediatric clinic intervention framed in best clinical practice guidelines ("Ask, Advise, Refer" [AAR]) plus individualized telephone counseling (AAR + counseling), or AAR + control. Mediation analysis included treatment condition (independent variable), 12-month child cotinine (TSE biomarker, criterion), and four mediators: 3-month end-of-treatment self-efficacy to protect children from TSE and smoking urge coping skills, and 12-month perceived program (intra-treatment) support and bioverified smoking abstinence. Analyses controlled for baseline nicotine dependence, depressive symptoms, child age, and presence of other residential smokers. RESULTS Participants (n = 327) included 83% women and 83% African Americans. Multilevel AAR + counseling was associated with significantly higher levels of all four mediators (ps < .05). Baseline nicotine dependence (p < .05), 3-month self-efficacy (p < .05) and 12-month bioverified smoking abstinence (p < .001) related significantly to 12-month child cotinine outcome. The indirect effects of AAR + counseling intervention on cotinine via self-efficacy for child TSE protection and smoking abstinence (ps < .05) suggested mediation through these pathways. CONCLUSIONS Compared with AAR + control, multilevel AAR + counseling improved all putative mediators. Findings suggest that fostering TSE protection self-efficacy during intervention and encouraging parental smoking abstinence may be key to promoting long-term child TSE-reduction in populations of smokers with elevated challenges to quitting smoking. IMPLICATIONS Pediatric harm reduction interventions to protect children of smokers from tobacco smoke have emerged to address tobacco-related health disparities in underserved populations. Low-income smokers experience greater tobacco-related disease burden and more difficulty with smoking behavior change in standard evidence-based interventions than the general population of smokers. Therefore, improving knowledge about putative behavioral mechanisms of smoking behavior change that results in lower child exposure risk could inform future intervention improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley N Collins
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephen J Lepore
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jonathan P Winickoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston MA
| | - David W Sosnowski
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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19
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Burnette CB, Boutté RL, Sosnowski DW, Mazzeo SE. Measurement invariance of the SATAQ-4 in Black and White undergraduate women. Body Image 2020; 32:85-93. [PMID: 31846907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4) is a widely used measure of sociocultural factors affecting body image. Despite evidence sociocultural appearance ideals and pressures might differ between White and Black women, the SATAQ-4's invariance has not been formally evaluated. The current study examined its measurement invariance across White and Black college women. Women (N = 730; 68.5 % White, 31.5 % Black), recruited from a large, public university in the United States completed measures online. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed the original five-factor structure was adequate in each group, and it appeared equivalent across groups. However, full metric invariance was not supported. Factor loadings on one item differed, suggesting differences in how this item contributed to thin-ideal internalization between groups. Similarly, one threshold differed, suggesting Black women who mostly agreed they wanted a "very thin" body had more thin-ideal internalization than White women with the same rating. These results suggest comparisons between these groups on the thin-ideal internalization subscale should be interpreted cautiously, as group differences could reflect some measurement bias. Given appearance pressures and ideals extend beyond thinness, particularly for Black women, future research should consider refining or developing culturally sensitive measures, to enhance relevance between and within racial/ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Blair Burnette
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018, USA.
| | - Rachel L Boutté
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018, USA.
| | - David W Sosnowski
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House, Baltimore, MD 21205-1900, USA.
| | - Suzanne E Mazzeo
- Departments of Psychology & Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018, USA.
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20
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Lepore SJ, Collins BN, Sosnowski DW. Self-efficacy as a pathway to long-term smoking cessation among low-income parents in the multilevel Kids Safe and Smokefree intervention. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 204:107496. [PMID: 31499240 PMCID: PMC6878184 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effects of a multi-level smoking intervention on mediators of long-term abstinence in parental smokers, including smoking cessation self-efficacy, smoking urge coping, and perceived support to quit smoking. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial that recruited parental smokers from pediatric clinics in low-income communities (N = 327, 83% women, 83% African American, 79% below poverty level). Following clinical practice guidelines for tobacco intervention ("Ask, Advise, Refer" [AAR]), pediatricians asked all parents about child tobacco smoke exposure (TSE), advised about TSE harms and benefits of reducing TSE, and referred smokers to cessation resources. Eligible parents were then randomized to additional telephone-based smoking behavior counseling (AAR + counseling) or nutrition education (AAR + control). Bioverified 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence and perceived counselor support were assessed at 12-month follow-up; cessation self-efficacy and urge coping were assessed at 3-month follow-up. RESULTS Relative to AAR + control, AAR + counseling was associated with higher self-efficacy, urge coping, and perceived support to quit (all p's<.001). Self-efficacy, but no other mediators, had a significant positive effect on 12-month bioverified smoking abstinence (p < .001). The indirect effect of intervention on 12-month abstinence via self-efficacy suggested mediation via this pathway (p = .002). CONCLUSION Results suggest that all putative treatment pathways were improved more by the multi-level AAR + counseling than the clinic-level AAR + control intervention. Further, self-efficacy at end-of-treatment prospectively predicted long-term cessation, suggesting that building of self-efficacy through treatment may be key to sustained cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Lepore
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Ave, 9th Floor Ritter Annex, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Bradley N Collins
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Ave, 9th Floor Ritter Annex, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - David W Sosnowski
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W. Franklin St, Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
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21
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Kliewer W, Washington-Nortey M, Salifu Yendork J, Sosnowski DW, Wright AW, McGuire K. Maternal and Family Correlates of Intrinsic Religiosity Profiles Among Low-Income Urban African American Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 49:323-334. [PMID: 31388882 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
National trends show that African American adolescents, relative to most other demographic groups, are more religious, and show fewer declines in religiosity, despite drastic decreases in religiosity among youth over the past 25 years. These broad findings are limiting because they fail to acknowledge religious heterogeneity among African American teens. Further, there are few empirical investigations of the transmission of religiosity within African American families. Building on a recent study that identified three distinctive profiles of intrinsic religiosity in a sample of low-income African American adolescents who were followed over four years (N = 326; Youth Mage = 12.1, SD = 1.6 years; 54% female), the present study examined contributions of maternal religiosity and family emotional climate in distinguishing these profiles. Univariate analyses revealed that maternal religious attendance and commitment, adolescents' felt acceptance from mothers and the emotional climate in the home differentiated youth who retained high levels of intrinsic religiosity (41%) from youth who declined in religiosity (37%) or who had low levels of religiosity (22%). Multivariate analyses showed that after accounting for demographic covariates, felt acceptance from mothers differentiated adolescents with high versus low levels of religiosity; both maternal religious attendance and felt acceptance from mothers distinguished adolescents who retained high levels of religiosity from youth who declined in religiosity. Implications for family dynamics in African American adolescent religious development and well-being are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Kliewer
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Sosnowski DW, Kliewer W, York TP, Amstadter AB, Jackson-Cook CK, Winter MA. Familial support following childhood sexual abuse is associated with longer telomere length in adult females. J Behav Med 2019; 42:911-923. [PMID: 30671916 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-019-00014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Robust associations between adverse childhood experiences and shortened telomere length exist, but few studies have examined factors that may moderate this association, particularly with a resilience framework. The present study examined the association between exposure to childhood sexual abuse (and abuse severity) and mean telomere length, and whether social support and optimism moderated this association. The sample included 99 White monozygotic female twins, ranging in age from 35 to 70 (Mage = 52.74, SD = 8.55 years), who provided a blood sample for telomere assay, and data on their childhood sexual abuse history, trait optimism, and current social support. Linear mixed effects models were employed to test study hypotheses. There were no effects of exposure to abuse or abuse severity on mean telomere length, nor were there main or moderating effects of optimism, in analyses of the full sample. However, in analyses that only included women exposed to abuse, there was an abuse type × support interaction: among women who experienced abuse in forms other than intercourse, higher levels of social support were associated with longer mean telomere length. Findings from the current study clarify the role of childhood sexual abuse in telomere attrition, and identify one factor that may protect against the negative biological effects of childhood sexual abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Sosnowski
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA.
| | - Wendy Kliewer
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA
| | - Timothy P York
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ananda B Amstadter
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Marcia A Winter
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA
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23
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Abstract
This study investigated sex differences in risk factors for alcohol and illicit drug use among high school students in Myanmar as part of a comprehensive substance abuse prevention approach. Participants ( N = 1,918; Mage = 15.35 years, SD = 1.07 years, range = 14–18 years; 44.3% male) were recruited from 10 high schools in Myitkyina Township, Kachin State, Myanmar. Study constructs were assessed with a version of the Communities That Care survey adapted for use in Myanmar. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the strongest risk factors for recreational and hard drug use. Multiple group analyses indicated that patterns of risk differed by sex. Poor family management practices and peer drug use were risk factors for all youth and all recreational drugs; depressed affect was an additional risk factor for glue/solvent use and misuse of over-the-counter medication. Additional risk factors were specific to sex and to particular substances. The model predicting hard drug use had no common risk factors across sex. Low perceived dangerousness of drugs elevated risk for female adolescents. Parental attitudes favoring drug use, peer drug use and peer antisocial behavior, and low school commitment elevated risk of hard drug use for male adolescents. These data suggest that as Myanmar develops substance abuse prevention strategies for youth, one of the subpriorities in the United Nations’ sustainable development goals, approaches that are tailored specifically to male and female adolescents in addition to universal approaches may be dual effective strategies in curbing drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Myo Aung Wan
- National Drug Abuse Control Program, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Wendy Kliewer
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
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24
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Kliewer W, Sosnowski DW, Wilkins S, Garr K, Booth C, McGuire K, Wright AW. Do Parent-Adolescent Discrepancies Predict Deviant Peer Affiliation and Subsequent Substance Use? J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:2596-2607. [PMID: 29916186 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests parent-adolescent discrepancies regarding adolescent disclosure can provide insight into parent-child relations and adolescent adjustment. However, pathways linking discrepancies to adjustment are not well known. We tested a model linking parent-adolescent discrepancies in disclosure to adolescent substance use through affiliation with deviant peers. Using three annual waves of data from a community-based study (N = 357; 91% African American; 53% female; Mage = 13.13 years, SD = 1.62 years at baseline), findings revealed that adolescent-reported secrecy and deviant peer affiliation were positively associated with substance use one and two years later, respectively, but there was no evidence of mediation. The results highlight associations of adolescent secrecy and adjustment, and the role peers play in adolescent substance use behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Kliewer
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - David W Sosnowski
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sawyer Wilkins
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Katlyn Garr
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Carolyn Booth
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kristina McGuire
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Anna W Wright
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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25
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Sosnowski DW, Booth C, York TP, Amstadter AB, Kliewer W. Maternal prenatal stress and infant DNA methylation: A systematic review. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 60:127-139. [PMID: 29344930 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Maternal prenatal stress has been linked to a variety of infant postnatal outcomes, partially through alterations in fetal HPA axis functioning; yet the underlying pathobiology remains elusive. Current literature posits DNA methylation as a candidate mechanism through which maternal prenatal stress can influence fetal HPA axis functioning. The goal of this systematic review was to summarize the literature examining the associations among maternal prenatal stress, DNA methylation of commonly studied HPA axis candidate genes, and infant HPA axis functioning. Results from the review provided evidence for a link between various maternal prenatal stressors, NR3C1 methylation, and infant stress reactivity, but findings among other genes were limited, with mixed results. An original study quality review tool revealed that a majority of studies in the review are adequate, and emphasizes the need for future research to consider study quality when interpreting research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Sosnowski
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Carolyn Booth
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Timothy P York
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ananda B Amstadter
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Wendy Kliewer
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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26
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Sosnowski DW, Kliewer W, Lepore SJ. The Role of Sleep in the Relationship Between Victimization and Externalizing Problems in Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 45:1744-54. [PMID: 27216201 PMCID: PMC5826765 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0506-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Victimization is linked to externalizing outcomes in adolescents and recent theorizing suggests that sleep plays a role in this relationship; however, there is little evidence examining sleep as a mediator. This study examines associations between victimization experiences and changes in aggression, delinquency, and drug use. Data were obtained from three waves of a school-based study with middle-school youth (n = 785; 55 % female; 20 % African American; M = 12.32, SD = .51 years at T1), and path analyses were used to test the key hypotheses. Analyses controlling for major life events, demographic factors, and school site revealed that victimization indirectly affected delinquency and drug use, but not aggression, through its relationship with sleep problems. Further, the effects of sleep problems on drug use were specific to females. These data suggest that intervening to address sleep problems resulting from victimization may serve to reduce some forms of externalizing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Sosnowski
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA.
| | - Wendy Kliewer
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA
| | - Stephen J Lepore
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
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