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Parnianpour P, Benatar M, Briemberg H, Dey A, Dionne A, Dupré N, Evans KC, Frayne R, Genge A, Graham SJ, Korngut L, McLaren DG, Seres P, Welsh RC, Wilman A, Zinman L, Kalra S. Mismatch between clinically defined classification of ALS stage and the burden of cerebral pathology. J Neurol 2024; 271:2547-2559. [PMID: 38282082 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the clinical stratification of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients in relation to in vivo cerebral degeneration. One hundred forty-nine ALS patients and one hundred forty-four healthy controls (HCs) were recruited from the Canadian ALS Neuroimaging Consortium (CALSNIC). Texture analysis was performed on T1-weighted scans to extract the texture feature "autocorrelation" (autoc), an imaging biomarker of cerebral degeneration. Patients were stratified at baseline into early and advanced disease stages based on criteria adapted from ALS clinical trials and the King's College staging system, as well as into slow and fast progressors (disease progression rates, DPR). Patients had increased autoc in the internal capsule. These changes extended beyond the internal capsule in early-stage patients (clinical trial-based criteria), fast progressors, and in advanced-stage patients (King's staging criteria). Longitudinal increases in autoc were observed in the postcentral gyrus, corticospinal tract, posterior cingulate cortex, and putamen; whereas decreases were observed in corpus callosum, caudate, central opercular cortex, and frontotemporal areas. Both longitudinal increases and decreases of autoc were observed in non-overlapping regions within insula and precentral gyrus. Within-criteria comparisons of autoc revealed more pronounced changes at baseline and longitudinally in early- (clinical trial-based criteria) and advanced-stage (King's staging criteria) patients and fast progressors. In summary, comparative patterns of baseline and longitudinal progression in cerebral degeneration are dependent on sub-group selection criteria, with clinical trial-based stratification insufficiently characterizing disease stage based on pathological cerebral burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Parnianpour
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, 562 Heritage Medical Research Centre, 11313-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G2S2, Canada.
| | - Michael Benatar
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Hannah Briemberg
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Avyarthana Dey
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, 562 Heritage Medical Research Centre, 11313-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G2S2, Canada
| | - Annie Dionne
- Axe Neurosciences, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Axe Neurosciences, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Richard Frayne
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Angela Genge
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Simon J Graham
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lawrence Korngut
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Peter Seres
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Robert C Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alan Wilman
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lorne Zinman
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, 562 Heritage Medical Research Centre, 11313-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G2S2, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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2
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Sun BB, Loomis SJ, Pizzagalli F, Shatokhina N, Painter JN, Foley CN, Jensen ME, McLaren DG, Chintapalli SS, Zhu AH, Dixon D, Islam T, Ba Gari I, Runz H, Medland SE, Thompson PM, Jahanshad N, Whelan CD. Genetic map of regional sulcal morphology in the human brain from UK biobank data. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6071. [PMID: 36241887 PMCID: PMC9568560 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic associations with macroscopic brain structure can provide insights into brain function and disease. However, specific associations with measures of local brain folding are largely under-explored. Here, we conducted large-scale genome- and exome-wide associations of regional cortical sulcal measures derived from magnetic resonance imaging scans of 40,169 individuals in UK Biobank. We discovered 388 regional brain folding associations across 77 genetic loci, with genes in associated loci enriched for expression in the cerebral cortex, neuronal development processes, and differential regulation during early brain development. We integrated brain eQTLs to refine genes for various loci, implicated several genes involved in neurodevelopmental disorders, and highlighted global genetic correlations with neuropsychiatric phenotypes. We provide an interactive 3D visualisation of our summary associations, emphasising added resolution of regional analyses. Our results offer new insights into the genetic architecture of brain folding and provide a resource for future studies of sulcal morphology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Sun
- Translational Biology, Research & Development, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, US.
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Stephanie J Loomis
- Translational Biology, Research & Development, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, US
| | - Fabrizio Pizzagalli
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, US
| | - Natalia Shatokhina
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, US
| | - Jodie N Painter
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher N Foley
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Optima Partners, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Megan E Jensen
- Clinical Sciences, Research & Development, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, US
| | - Donald G McLaren
- Clinical Sciences, Research & Development, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, US
| | | | - Alyssa H Zhu
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, US
| | - Daniel Dixon
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, US
| | - Tasfiya Islam
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, US
| | - Iyad Ba Gari
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, US
| | - Heiko Runz
- Translational Biology, Research & Development, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, US
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, US.
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, US.
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Rast P, Kennedy KM, Rodrigue KM, Robinson PRAW, Gross AL, McLaren DG, Grabowski T, Schaie KW, Willis SL. APOEε4 Genotype and Hypertension Modify 8-year Cortical Thinning: Five Occasion Evidence from the Seattle Longitudinal Study. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:1934-1945. [PMID: 28444388 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated individual differences in longitudinal trajectories of brain aging in cognitively normal healthy adults from the Seattle Longitudinal Study covering 8 years of longitudinal change (across 5 occasions) in cortical thickness in 249 midlife and older adults (52-95 years old). We aimed to understand true brain change; examine the influence of salient risk factors that modify an individual's rate of cortical thinning; and compare cross-sectional age-related differences in cortical thickness to longitudinal within-person cortical thinning. We used Multivariate Multilevel Modeling to simultaneously model dependencies among 5 lobar composites (Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, and Cingulate [CING]) and account for the longitudinal nature of the data. Results indicate (1) all 5 lobar composites significantly atrophied across 8 years, showing nonlinear longitudinal rate of cortical thinning decelerated over time, (2) longitudinal thinning was significantly altered by hypertension and Apolipoprotein-E ε4 (APOEε4), varying by location: Frontal and CING thinned more rapidly in APOEε4 carriers. Notably, thinning of parietal and occipital cortex showed synergistic effect of combined risk factors, where individuals who were both APOEε4 carriers and hypertensive had significantly greater 8-year thinning than those with either risk factor alone or neither risk factor, (3) longitudinal thinning was 3 times greater than cross-sectional estimates of age-related differences in thickness in parietal and occipital cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Rast
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kristen M Kennedy
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Vital Longevity, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Drive, Suite 800, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Karen M Rodrigue
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Vital Longevity, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Drive, Suite 800, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Paul R A W Robinson
- Department of Radiology, Integrated Brain Imaging Center (IBIC), University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alden L Gross
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Tom Grabowski
- Department of Radiology, Integrated Brain Imaging Center (IBIC), University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - K Warner Schaie
- Department of Radiology, Integrated Brain Imaging Center (IBIC), University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Seattle Longitudinal Study, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 2500 Sixth Ave N., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sherry L Willis
- Department of Radiology, Integrated Brain Imaging Center (IBIC), University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Seattle Longitudinal Study, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 2500 Sixth Ave N., Seattle, WA, USA
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Gros C, De Leener B, Badji A, Maranzano J, Eden D, Dupont SM, Talbott J, Zhuoquiong R, Liu Y, Granberg T, Ouellette R, Tachibana Y, Hori M, Kamiya K, Chougar L, Stawiarz L, Hillert J, Bannier E, Kerbrat A, Edan G, Labauge P, Callot V, Pelletier J, Audoin B, Rasoanandrianina H, Brisset JC, Valsasina P, Rocca MA, Filippi M, Bakshi R, Tauhid S, Prados F, Yiannakas M, Kearney H, Ciccarelli O, Smith S, Treaba CA, Mainero C, Lefeuvre J, Reich DS, Nair G, Auclair V, McLaren DG, Martin AR, Fehlings MG, Vahdat S, Khatibi A, Doyon J, Shepherd T, Charlson E, Narayanan S, Cohen-Adad J. Automatic segmentation of the spinal cord and intramedullary multiple sclerosis lesions with convolutional neural networks. Neuroimage 2019; 184:901-915. [PMID: 30300751 PMCID: PMC6759925 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord is frequently affected by atrophy and/or lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Segmentation of the spinal cord and lesions from MRI data provides measures of damage, which are key criteria for the diagnosis, prognosis, and longitudinal monitoring in MS. Automating this operation eliminates inter-rater variability and increases the efficiency of large-throughput analysis pipelines. Robust and reliable segmentation across multi-site spinal cord data is challenging because of the large variability related to acquisition parameters and image artifacts. In particular, a precise delineation of lesions is hindered by a broad heterogeneity of lesion contrast, size, location, and shape. The goal of this study was to develop a fully-automatic framework - robust to variability in both image parameters and clinical condition - for segmentation of the spinal cord and intramedullary MS lesions from conventional MRI data of MS and non-MS cases. Scans of 1042 subjects (459 healthy controls, 471 MS patients, and 112 with other spinal pathologies) were included in this multi-site study (n = 30). Data spanned three contrasts (T1-, T2-, and T2∗-weighted) for a total of 1943 vol and featured large heterogeneity in terms of resolution, orientation, coverage, and clinical conditions. The proposed cord and lesion automatic segmentation approach is based on a sequence of two Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). To deal with the very small proportion of spinal cord and/or lesion voxels compared to the rest of the volume, a first CNN with 2D dilated convolutions detects the spinal cord centerline, followed by a second CNN with 3D convolutions that segments the spinal cord and/or lesions. CNNs were trained independently with the Dice loss. When compared against manual segmentation, our CNN-based approach showed a median Dice of 95% vs. 88% for PropSeg (p ≤ 0.05), a state-of-the-art spinal cord segmentation method. Regarding lesion segmentation on MS data, our framework provided a Dice of 60%, a relative volume difference of -15%, and a lesion-wise detection sensitivity and precision of 83% and 77%, respectively. In this study, we introduce a robust method to segment the spinal cord and intramedullary MS lesions on a variety of MRI contrasts. The proposed framework is open-source and readily available in the Spinal Cord Toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charley Gros
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin De Leener
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Atef Badji
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Josefina Maranzano
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dominique Eden
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sara M. Dupont
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason Talbott
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ren Zhuoquiong
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Yaou Liu
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Tobias Granberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Russell Ouellette
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lydia Chougar
- Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Hospital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Leszek Stawiarz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Hillert
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elise Bannier
- CHU Rennes, Radiology Department
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, Inserm, IRISA UMR 6074, Visages U1128, France
| | - Anne Kerbrat
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, Inserm, IRISA UMR 6074, Visages U1128, France
- CHU Rennes, Neurology Department
| | - Gilles Edan
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, Inserm, IRISA UMR 6074, Visages U1128, France
- CHU Rennes, Neurology Department
| | - Pierre Labauge
- MS Unit. DPT of Neurology. University Hospital of Montpellier
| | - Virginie Callot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
- APHM, CHU Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Pelletier
- APHM, CHU Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
- APHM, Department of Neurology, CHU Timone, APHM, Marseille
| | - Bertrand Audoin
- APHM, CHU Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
- APHM, Department of Neurology, CHU Timone, APHM, Marseille
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Brisset
- Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (OFSEP) ; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ; Hospices Civils de Lyon ; CREATIS-LRMN, UMR 5220 CNRS & U 1044 INSERM ; Lyon, France
| | - Paola Valsasina
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, INSPE, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria A. Rocca
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, INSPE, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, INSPE, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Rohit Bakshi
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Shahamat Tauhid
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Ferran Prados
- Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London (UK)
- Center for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marios Yiannakas
- Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London (UK)
| | - Hugh Kearney
- Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London (UK)
| | - Olga Ciccarelli
- Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London (UK)
| | | | | | - Caterina Mainero
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Jennifer Lefeuvre
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel S. Reich
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, USA
| | - Govind Nair
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Allan R. Martin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shahabeddin Vahdat
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, CRIUGM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Neurology Department, Stanford University, US
| | - Ali Khatibi
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, CRIUGM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Doyon
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, CRIUGM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Sridar Narayanan
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Julien Cohen-Adad
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, CRIUGM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Gros C, De Leener B, Dupont SM, Martin AR, Fehlings MG, Bakshi R, Tummala S, Auclair V, McLaren DG, Callot V, Cohen-Adad J, Sdika M. Automatic spinal cord localization, robust to MRI contrasts using global curve optimization. Med Image Anal 2017; 44:215-227. [PMID: 29288983 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During the last two decades, MRI has been increasingly used for providing valuable quantitative information about spinal cord morphometry, such as quantification of the spinal cord atrophy in various diseases. However, despite the significant improvement of MR sequences adapted to the spinal cord, automatic image processing tools for spinal cord MRI data are not yet as developed as for the brain. There is nonetheless great interest in fully automatic and fast processing methods to be able to propose quantitative analysis pipelines on large datasets without user bias. The first step of most of these analysis pipelines is to detect the spinal cord, which is challenging to achieve automatically across the broad range of MRI contrasts, field of view, resolutions and pathologies. In this paper, a fully automated, robust and fast method for detecting the spinal cord centerline on MRI volumes is introduced. The algorithm uses a global optimization scheme that attempts to strike a balance between a probabilistic localization map of the spinal cord center point and the overall spatial consistency of the spinal cord centerline (i.e. the rostro-caudal continuity of the spinal cord). Additionally, a new post-processing feature, which aims to automatically split brain and spine regions is introduced, to be able to detect a consistent spinal cord centerline, independently from the field of view. We present data on the validation of the proposed algorithm, known as "OptiC", from a large dataset involving 20 centers, 4 contrasts (T2-weighted n = 287, T1-weighted n = 120, T2∗-weighted n = 307, diffusion-weighted n = 90), 501 subjects including 173 patients with a variety of neurologic diseases. Validation involved the gold-standard centerline coverage, the mean square error between the true and predicted centerlines and the ability to accurately separate brain and spine regions. Overall, OptiC was able to cover 98.77% of the gold-standard centerline, with a mean square error of 1.02 mm. OptiC achieved superior results compared to a state-of-the-art spinal cord localization technique based on the Hough transform, especially on pathological cases with an averaged mean square error of 1.08 mm vs. 13.16 mm (Wilcoxon signed-rank test p-value < .01). Images containing brain regions were identified with a 99% precision, on which brain and spine regions were separated with a distance error of 9.37 mm compared to ground-truth. Validation results on a challenging dataset suggest that OptiC could reliably be used for subsequent quantitative analyses tasks, opening the door to more robust analysis on pathological cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charley Gros
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin De Leener
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sara M Dupont
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Allan R Martin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rohit Bakshi
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Subhash Tummala
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Virginie Callot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle d'imagerie médicale, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Cohen-Adad
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Functional Neuroimaging Unit, CRIUGM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michaël Sdika
- Univ. Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, F-69100, Lyon, France.
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6
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Harrison TM, McLaren DG, Moody TD, Feusner JD, Bookheimer SY. Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction (PPI) Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286444 DOI: 10.3791/55394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In neuroimaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures the blood-oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) signal in the brain. The degree of correlation of the BOLD signal in spatially independent regions of the brain defines the functional connectivity of those regions. During a cognitive fMRI task, a psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis can be used to examine changes in the functional connectivity during specific contexts defined by the cognitive task. An example of such a task is one that engages the memory system, asking participants to learn pairs of unrelated words (encoding) and recall the second word in a pair when presented with the first word (retrieval). In the present study, we used this type of associative memory task and a generalized PPI (gPPI) analysis to compare changes in hippocampal connectivity in older adults who are carriers of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetic risk factor apolipoprotein-E epsilon-4 (APOEε4). Specifically, we show that the functional connectivity of subregions of the hippocampus changes during encoding and retrieval, the two active phases of the associative memory task. Context-dependent changes in functional connectivity of the hippocampus were significantly different in carriers of APOEε4 compared to non-carriers. PPI analyses make it possible to examine changes in functional connectivity, distinct from univariate main effects, and to compare these changes across groups. Thus, a PPI analysis may reveal complex task effects in specific cohorts that traditional univariate methods do not capture. PPI analyses cannot, however, determine directionality or causality between functionally connected regions. Nevertheless, PPI analyses provide powerful means for generating specific hypotheses regarding functional relationships, which can be tested using causal models. As the brain is increasingly described in terms of connectivity and networks, PPI is an important method for analyzing fMRI task data that is in line with the current conception of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M Harrison
- Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles;
| | | | - Teena D Moody
- Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Jamie D Feusner
- Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Susan Y Bookheimer
- Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
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7
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Shirk SD, McLaren DG, Bloomfield JS, Powers A, Duffy A, Mitchell MB, Ezzati A, Ally BA, Atri A. Inter-Rater Reliability of Preprocessing EEG Data: Impact of Subjective Artifact Removal on Associative Memory Task ERP Results. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:322. [PMID: 28670264 PMCID: PMC5472725 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The processing of EEG data routinely involves subjective removal of artifacts during a preprocessing stage. Preprocessing inter-rater reliability (IRR) and how differences in preprocessing may affect outcomes of primary event-related potential (ERP) analyses has not been previously assessed. Three raters independently preprocessed EEG data of 16 cognitively healthy adult participants (ages 18–39 years) who performed a memory task. Using intraclass correlations (ICCs), IRR was assessed for Early-frontal, Late-frontal, and Parietal Old/new memory effects contrasts across eight regions of interest (ROIs). IRR was good to excellent for all ROIs; 22 of 26 ICCs were above 0.80. Raters were highly consistent in preprocessing across ROIs, although the frontal pole ROI (ICC range 0.60–0.90) showed less consistency. Old/new parietal effects had highest ICCs with the lowest variability. Rater preprocessing differences did not alter primary ERP results. IRR for EEG preprocessing was good to excellent, and subjective rater-removal of EEG artifacts did not alter primary memory-task ERP results. Findings provide preliminary support for robustness of cognitive/memory task-related ERP results against significant inter-rater preprocessing variability and suggest reliability of EEG to assess cognitive-neurophysiological processes multiple preprocessors are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Shirk
- Mental Illness Research Education Clinical Center, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital (VHA)Bedford, MA, United States
| | - Donald G McLaren
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, United States.,Biospective, Inc.Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Alex Powers
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston UniversityBoston, MA, United States
| | - Alec Duffy
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers UniversityNew Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Meghan B Mitchell
- Department of Mental Health, Tewksbury HospitalTewksbury, MA, United States
| | - Ali Ezzati
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineNew York, NY, United States
| | - Brandon A Ally
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, United States
| | - Alireza Atri
- Ray Dolby Brain Health Center and California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, California Pacific Medical CenterSan Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBoston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard UniversityBoston, MA, United States
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8
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Vannini P, Amariglio R, Hanseeuw B, Johnson KA, McLaren DG, Chhatwal J, Pascual-Leone A, Rentz D, Sperling RA. Memory self-awareness in the preclinical and prodromal stages of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia 2017; 99:343-349. [PMID: 28385579 PMCID: PMC5473166 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
While loss of insight of cognitive deficits, anosognosia, is a common symptom in Alzheimer's disease dementia, there is a lack of consensus regarding the presence of altered awareness of memory function in the preclinical and prodromal stages of the disease. Paradoxically, very early in the Alzheimer's disease process, individuals may experience heightened awareness of memory changes before any objective cognitive deficits can be detected, here referred to as hypernosognosia. In contrast, awareness of memory dysfunction shown by individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is very variable, ranging from marked concern to severe lack of insight. This study aims at improving our mechanistic understanding of how alterations in memory self-awareness are related to pathological changes in clinically normal (CN) adults and MCI patients. 297 CN and MCI patients underwent PiB-PET (Positron Emission Tomography using Pittsburgh Compound B) in vivo amyloid imaging. Amyloid burden was estimated from Alzheimer's disease vulnerable regions, including the frontal, lateral parietal and lateral temporal, and retrosplenial cortex. Memory self-awareness was assessed using discrepancy scores between subjective and objective measures of memory function. A set of univariate analysis of variance were performed to assess the relationship between self-awareness of memory and amyloid pathology. Whereas CN individuals harboring amyloid pathology demonstrated hypernosognosia, MCI patients with increased amyloid pathology demonstrated anosognosia. In contrast, MCI patients with low amounts of amyloid were observed to have normal insight into their memory functions. Altered self-awareness of memory tracks with amyloid pathology. The findings of variability of awareness may have important implications for the reliability of self-report of dysfunction across the spectrum of preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Vannini
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Rebecca Amariglio
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bernard Hanseeuw
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA; Department of Radiology, Division of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neurosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, 10 Av. Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Division of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA
| | - Donald G McLaren
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Biospective, Inc., Montreal, Canada
| | - Jasmeer Chhatwal
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dorene Rentz
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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9
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Dagley A, LaPoint M, Huijbers W, Hedden T, McLaren DG, Chatwal JP, Papp KV, Amariglio RE, Blacker D, Rentz DM, Johnson KA, Sperling RA, Schultz AP. Harvard Aging Brain Study: Dataset and accessibility. Neuroimage 2017; 144:255-258. [PMID: 25843019 PMCID: PMC4592689 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Harvard Aging Brain Study is sharing its data with the global research community. The longitudinal dataset consists of a 284-subject cohort with the following modalities acquired: demographics, clinical assessment, comprehensive neuropsychological testing, clinical biomarkers, and neuroimaging. To promote more extensive analyses, imaging data was designed to be compatible with other publicly available datasets. A cloud-based system enables access to interested researchers with blinded data available contingent upon completion of a data usage agreement and administrative approval. Data collection is ongoing and currently in its fifth year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dagley
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Molly LaPoint
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Willem Huijbers
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; The German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Population Health Sciences, Bonn, Germany
| | - Trey Hedden
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard University, Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Donald G McLaren
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jasmeer P Chatwal
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kathryn V Papp
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca E Amariglio
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Deborah Blacker
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dorene M Rentz
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aaron P Schultz
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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10
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Carbonell F, Zijdenbos AP, McLaren DG, Iturria-Medina Y, Bedell BJ. Modulation of glucose metabolism and metabolic connectivity by β-amyloid. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:2058-2071. [PMID: 27301477 PMCID: PMC5363668 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16654492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucose hypometabolism in the pre-clinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been primarily associated with the APOE ɛ4 genotype, rather than fibrillar β-amyloid. In contrast, aberrant patterns of metabolic connectivity are more strongly related to β-amyloid burden than APOE ɛ4 status. A major limitation of previous studies has been the dichotomous classification of subjects as amyloid-positive or amyloid-negative. Dichotomous treatment of a continuous variable, such as β-amyloid, potentially obscures the true relationship with metabolism and reduces the power to detect significant changes in connectivity. In the present work, we assessed alterations of glucose metabolism and metabolic connectivity as continuous function of β-amyloid burden using positron emission tomography scans from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study. Modeling β-amyloid as a continuous variable resulted in better model fits and improved power compared to the dichotomous model. Using this continuous model, we found that both APOE ɛ4 genotype and β-amyloid burden are strongly associated with glucose hypometabolism at early stages of Alzheimer's disease. We also determined that the cumulative effects of β-amyloid deposition result in a particular pattern of altered metabolic connectivity, which is characterized by global, synchronized hypometabolism at early stages of the disease process, followed by regionally heterogeneous, progressive hypometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Barry J Bedell
- Biospective Inc., Montreal, Canada.,McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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11
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Hohman TJ, McLaren DG, Mormino EC, Gifford KA, Libon DJ, Jefferson AL. Asymptomatic Alzheimer disease: Defining resilience. Neurology 2016; 87:2443-2450. [PMID: 27815399 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define robust resilience metrics by leveraging CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology within a latent variable framework and to demonstrate the ability of such metrics to predict slower rates of cognitive decline and protection against diagnostic conversion. METHODS Participants with normal cognition (n = 297) and mild cognitive impairment (n = 432) were drawn from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Resilience metrics were defined at baseline by examining the residuals when regressing brain aging outcomes (hippocampal volume and cognition) on CSF biomarkers. A positive residual reflected better outcomes than expected for a given level of pathology (high resilience). Residuals were integrated into a latent variable model of resilience and validated by testing their ability to independently predict diagnostic conversion, cognitive decline, and the rate of ventricular dilation. RESULTS Latent variables of resilience predicted a decreased risk of conversion (hazard ratio < 0.54, p < 0.0001), slower cognitive decline (β > 0.02, p < 0.001), and slower rates of ventricular dilation (β < -4.7, p < 2 × 10-15). These results were significant even when analyses were restricted to clinically normal individuals. Furthermore, resilience metrics interacted with biomarker status such that biomarker-positive individuals with low resilience showed the greatest risk of subsequent decline. CONCLUSIONS Robust phenotypes of resilience calculated by leveraging AD biomarkers and baseline brain aging outcomes provide insight into which individuals are at greatest risk of short-term decline. Such comprehensive definitions of resilience are needed to further our understanding of the mechanisms that protect individuals from the clinical manifestation of AD dementia, especially among biomarker-positive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Hohman
- From the Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center (T.J.H., K.A.G., A.L.J.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Biospective Inc (D.G.M.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.C.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Department of Geriatric and Gerontology (D.J.L.), New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging and Department of Psychology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford.
| | - Donald G McLaren
- From the Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center (T.J.H., K.A.G., A.L.J.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Biospective Inc (D.G.M.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.C.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Department of Geriatric and Gerontology (D.J.L.), New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging and Department of Psychology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford
| | - Elizabeth C Mormino
- From the Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center (T.J.H., K.A.G., A.L.J.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Biospective Inc (D.G.M.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.C.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Department of Geriatric and Gerontology (D.J.L.), New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging and Department of Psychology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford
| | - Katherine A Gifford
- From the Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center (T.J.H., K.A.G., A.L.J.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Biospective Inc (D.G.M.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.C.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Department of Geriatric and Gerontology (D.J.L.), New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging and Department of Psychology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford
| | - David J Libon
- From the Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center (T.J.H., K.A.G., A.L.J.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Biospective Inc (D.G.M.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.C.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Department of Geriatric and Gerontology (D.J.L.), New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging and Department of Psychology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford
| | - Angela L Jefferson
- From the Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center (T.J.H., K.A.G., A.L.J.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Biospective Inc (D.G.M.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.C.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Department of Geriatric and Gerontology (D.J.L.), New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging and Department of Psychology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford
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12
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Carbonell F, McLaren DG, Zijdenbos AP, Bedell BJ. IC‐P‐105: Uncovering The Relationship Between β‐Amyloid and Glucose Metabolism in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Alzheimers Dement 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Barry J. Bedell
- Biospective, Inc.MontrealQC Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontrealQC Canada
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13
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Cameron Craddock R, S Margulies D, Bellec P, Nolan Nichols B, Alcauter S, A Barrios F, Burnod Y, J Cannistraci C, Cohen-Adad J, De Leener B, Dery S, Downar J, Dunlop K, R Franco A, Seligman Froehlich C, J Gerber A, S Ghosh S, J Grabowski T, Hill S, Sólon Heinsfeld A, Matthew Hutchison R, Kundu P, R Laird A, Liew SL, J Lurie D, G McLaren D, Meneguzzi F, Mennes M, Mesmoudi S, O'Connor D, H Pasaye E, Peltier S, Poline JB, Prasad G, Fraga Pereira R, Quirion PO, Rokem A, S Saad Z, Shi Y, C Strother S, Toro R, Q Uddin L, D Van Horn J, W Van Meter J, C Welsh R, Xu T. Brainhack: a collaborative workshop for the open neuroscience community. Gigascience 2016; 5:16. [PMID: 27042293 PMCID: PMC4818387 DOI: 10.1186/s13742-016-0121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Brainhack events offer a novel workshop format with participant-generated content that caters to the rapidly growing open neuroscience community. Including components from hackathons and unconferences, as well as parallel educational sessions, Brainhack fosters novel collaborations around the interests of its attendees. Here we provide an overview of its structure, past events, and example projects. Additionally, we outline current innovations such as regional events and post-conference publications. Through introducing Brainhack to the wider neuroscience community, we hope to provide a unique conference format that promotes the features of collaborative, open science.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cameron Craddock
- The Neuro Bureau, Leipzig, 04317 Germany ; Computational Neuroimaging Lab, Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, 10962 USA ; Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, 10022 USA
| | - Daniel S Margulies
- The Neuro Bureau, Leipzig, 04317 Germany ; Max Planck Research Group for Neuroanatomy & Connectivity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, 04103 Germany
| | - Pierre Bellec
- The Neuro Bureau, Leipzig, 04317 Germany ; Département d'Informatique et de Recherche Opérationnelle, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3W 1W5, Canada ; Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - B Nolan Nichols
- The Neuro Bureau, Leipzig, 04317 Germany ; Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, 94025 USA ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305 USA
| | - Sarael Alcauter
- Instituto De Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, 76203 México
| | - Fernando A Barrios
- Instituto De Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, 76203 México
| | - Yves Burnod
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, 75005 France ; Institut des Systèmes Complexes de Paris-Île-de-France, Paris, 75013 France
| | - Christopher J Cannistraci
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029 USA
| | - Julien Cohen-Adad
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3W 1W5, Canada ; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Benjamin De Leener
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sebastien Dery
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jonathan Downar
- MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada ; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Katharine Dunlop
- MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada ; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Alexandre R Franco
- The Neuro Bureau, Leipzig, 04317 Germany ; Faculdade de Engenharia, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, 90619 Brazil ; Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, 90610 Brazil ; Faculdade de Medicina, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, 90619 Brazil
| | - Caroline Seligman Froehlich
- The Neuro Bureau, Leipzig, 04317 Germany ; Computational Neuroimaging Lab, Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, 10962 USA
| | - Andrew J Gerber
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, 10032 USA ; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032 USA
| | - Satrajit S Ghosh
- The Neuro Bureau, Leipzig, 04317 Germany ; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139 USA ; Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115 USA
| | - Thomas J Grabowski
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105 USA ; Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105 USA
| | - Sean Hill
- International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility, Stockholm, 171 77 Sweden ; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77 Sweden
| | | | - R Matthew Hutchison
- The Neuro Bureau, Leipzig, 04317 Germany ; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138 USA
| | - Prantik Kundu
- The Neuro Bureau, Leipzig, 04317 Germany ; Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029 USA
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199 USA
| | - Sook-Lei Liew
- The Neuro Bureau, Leipzig, 04317 Germany ; Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Division of Physical Therapy and Biokinesiology, Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033 USA ; USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Canada, 90033 USA
| | - Daniel J Lurie
- Department of Psychology,, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720 USA
| | - Donald G McLaren
- The Neuro Bureau, Leipzig, 04317 Germany ; Biospective, Inc., Montréal,, Québec H4P 1K6, Canada ; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | | | - Maarten Mennes
- The Neuro Bureau, Leipzig, 04317 Germany ; Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, 6525 EN The Netherlands
| | - Salma Mesmoudi
- Institut des Systèmes Complexes de Paris-Île-de-France, Paris, 75013 France ; Sorbonne Universités, Paris-1 Université, Equipement d'Excellence MATRICE, Paris, 75005, France
| | - David O'Connor
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, 10022 USA
| | - Erick H Pasaye
- Instituto De Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, 76203 México
| | - Scott Peltier
- Functional MRI Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 USA
| | - Jean-Baptiste Poline
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720 USA ; Henry H. Wheeler Jr. Brain Imaging Center, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94709 USA
| | - Gautam Prasad
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033 USA
| | | | - Pierre-Olivier Quirion
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - Ariel Rokem
- The University of Washington eScience Institute, Seattle, Washington, 98195 USA
| | - Ziad S Saad
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892 USA
| | - Yonggang Shi
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033 USA
| | - Stephen C Strother
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada ; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada ; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Roberto Toro
- The Neuro Bureau, Leipzig, 04317 Germany ; Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015 France ; Unité Mixte de Recherche 3571, Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015 France
| | - Lucina Q Uddin
- The Neuro Bureau, Leipzig, 04317 Germany ; Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33124 USA ; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136 USA
| | - John D Van Horn
- USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Canada, 90033 USA
| | - John W Van Meter
- Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington,, 20007 DC USA
| | - Robert C Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 USA ; Department of Radiology,, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, 10022 USA
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Schultz AP, Chhatwal JP, Huijbers W, Hedden T, van Dijk KRA, McLaren DG, Ward AM, Wigman S, Sperling RA. Template based rotation: a method for functional connectivity analysis with a priori templates. Neuroimage 2014; 102 Pt 2:620-36. [PMID: 25150630 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) is a powerful tool for understanding the network level organization of the brain in research settings and is increasingly being used to study large-scale neuronal network degeneration in clinical trial settings. Presently, a variety of techniques, including seed-based correlation analysis and group independent components analysis (with either dual regression or back projection) are commonly employed to compute functional connectivity metrics. In the present report, we introduce template based rotation,(1) a novel analytic approach optimized for use with a priori network parcellations, which may be particularly useful in clinical trial settings. Template based rotation was designed to leverage the stable spatial patterns of intrinsic connectivity derived from out-of-sample datasets by mapping data from novel sessions onto the previously defined a priori templates. We first demonstrate the feasibility of using previously defined a priori templates in connectivity analyses, and then compare the performance of template based rotation to seed based and dual regression methods by applying these analytic approaches to an fMRI dataset of normal young and elderly subjects. We observed that template based rotation and dual regression are approximately equivalent in detecting fcMRI differences between young and old subjects, demonstrating similar effect sizes for group differences and similar reliability metrics across 12 cortical networks. Both template based rotation and dual-regression demonstrated larger effect sizes and comparable reliabilities as compared to seed based correlation analysis, though all three methods yielded similar patterns of network differences. When performing inter-network and sub-network connectivity analyses, we observed that template based rotation offered greater flexibility, larger group differences, and more stable connectivity estimates as compared to dual regression and seed based analyses. This flexibility owes to the reduced spatial and temporal orthogonality constraints of template based rotation as compared to dual regression. These results suggest that template based rotation can provide a useful alternative to existing fcMRI analytic methods, particularly in clinical trial settings where predefined outcome measures and conserved network descriptions across groups are at a premium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron P Schultz
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129 USA.
| | - Jasmeer P Chhatwal
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129 USA
| | - Willem Huijbers
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129 USA
| | - Trey Hedden
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129 USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Koene R A van Dijk
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129 USA; Harvard University, Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Cambridge, MA, 02138 USA
| | - Donald G McLaren
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129 USA
| | - Andrew M Ward
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129 USA
| | - Sarah Wigman
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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15
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Atri A, Dodd JS, Mitchell MB, Shirk S, McLaren DG, Ally B. IC‐P‐103: DIFFERENTIAL ERP AND EYE‐TRACKING CHARACTERISTICS DURING FACE‐NAME RECOGNITION IN SUBJECTS WITH A FAMILY HISTORY OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. Alzheimers Dement 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Atri
- Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUnited States
| | | | | | - Steven Shirk
- ENRM VA Bedford HospitalBedfordMassachusettsUnited States
| | | | - Brandon Ally
- Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUnited States
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16
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Atri A, Dodd JS, Mitchell MB, Shirk S, McLaren DG, Ally B. P1‐228: DIFFERENTIAL ERP AND EYE TRACKING CHARACTERISTICS DURING FACE‐NAME RECOGNITION IN SUBJECTS WITH A FAMILY HISTORY OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. Alzheimers Dement 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Atri
- Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Jessica S. Dodd
- ENRM VA Bedford Medical CenterBedfordMassachusettsUnited States
| | | | - Steven Shirk
- ENRM VA Bedford Medical CenterBedfordMassachusettsUnited States
| | | | - Brandon Ally
- Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUnited States
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17
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McLaren DG, Sperling RA, Atri A. Flexible modulation of network connectivity related to cognition in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage 2014; 100:544-57. [PMID: 24852459 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging tools, such as fMRI methods, may elucidate the neural correlates of clinical, behavioral, and cognitive performance. Most functional imaging studies focus on regional task-related activity or resting state connectivity rather than how changes in functional connectivity across conditions and tasks are related to cognitive and behavioral performance. To investigate the promise of characterizing context-dependent connectivity-behavior relationships, this study applies the method of generalized psychophysiological interactions (gPPI) to assess the patterns of associative-memory-related fMRI hippocampal functional connectivity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) associated with performance on memory and other cognitively demanding neuropsychological tests and clinical measures. Twenty-four subjects with mild AD dementia (ages 54-82, nine females) participated in a face-name paired-associate encoding memory study. Generalized PPI analysis was used to estimate the connectivity between the hippocampus and the whole brain during encoding. The difference in hippocampal-whole brain connectivity between encoding novel and encoding repeated face-name pairs was used in multiple-regression analyses as an independent predictor for 10 behavioral, neuropsychological and clinical tests. The analysis revealed connectivity-behavior relationships that were distributed, dynamically overlapping, and task-specific within and across intrinsic networks; hippocampal-whole brain connectivity-behavior relationships were not isolated to single networks, but spanned multiple brain networks. Importantly, these spatially distributed performance patterns were unique for each measure. In general, out-of-network behavioral associations with encoding novel greater than repeated face-name pairs hippocampal-connectivity were observed in the default-mode network, while correlations with encoding repeated greater than novel face-name pairs hippocampal-connectivity were observed in the executive control network (p<0.05, cluster corrected). Psychophysiological interactions revealed significantly more extensive and robust associations between paired-associate encoding task-dependent hippocampal-whole brain connectivity and performance on memory and behavioral/clinical measures than previously revealed by standard activity-behavior analysis. Compared to resting state and task-activation methods, gPPI analyses may be more sensitive to reveal additional complementary information regarding subtle within- and between-network relations. The patterns of robust correlations between hippocampal-whole brain connectivity and behavioral measures identified here suggest that there are 'coordinated states' in the brain; that the dynamic range of these states is related to behavior and cognition; and that these states can be observed and quantified, even in individuals with mild AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald G McLaren
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, WACC 715, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, ENRM VA Medical Center, 200 Springs Road, Bedford, MA 01730, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, WACC 715, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Alireza Atri
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, WACC 715, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, ENRM VA Medical Center, 200 Springs Road, Bedford, MA 01730, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Abstract
Abstract The insula is a highly integrated cortical region both anatomically and functionally. It has been shown to have cognitive, social-emotional, gustatory, and sensorimotor functions. Insular involvement in both normal and abnormal swallowing behavior is well established, yet its functional connectivity is unclear. Studies of context-dependent connectivity, or the connectivity during different task conditions, have the potential to reveal information about synaptic function of the insula. The goal of this study was to examine the functional connectivity of specific insular regions (ventral anterior, dorsal anterior, and posterior) with distant cortical regions during four swallowing conditions (water, sour, e-stim, and visual biofeedback) using generalized psychophysiological interactions (gPPI). In 19 healthy adults, we found that the visual biofeedback condition was associated with the most and strongest increases in functional connectivity. The posterior insula/rolandic operculum regions had the largest clusters of increases in functional connectivity, but the ventral anterior insula was functionally connected to a more diverse array of cortical regions. Also, laterality assessments showed left lateralized increases in swallowing functional connectivity. Our results are aligned with reports about the insula's interconnectivity and extensive involvement in multisensory and cognitive tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianessa A Humbert
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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19
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Nicholas CR, McLaren DG, Gawrysiak MJ, Rogers BP, Dougherty JH, Nash MR. Functional neuroimaging of personally-relevant stimuli in a paediatric case of impaired awareness. Brain Inj 2014; 28:1135-8. [PMID: 24655307 DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2014.890745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional neuroimaging studies have observed preserved neural activation to personally relevant stimuli in patients within the disorders of consciousness (DOC) spectrum. As the majority of studies have focused on adult DOC patients, little is known about preserved activation in the developing brain of children with impaired consciousness. CASE STUDY The aim of this study is to use fMRI to measure preserved neural activation to personally relevant stimuli (subject's own name and familiar voice) in a paediatric patient who sustained a traumatic brain injury and anoxic-ischaemia following a motor vehicle accident at 18 months of age rendering her probable for minimally conscious state. Contrasts revealed activation in the right middle frontal gyrus when hearing the subject's own name and the anterior supramarginal gyrus when hearing a familiar voice. CONCLUSION This study provides preliminary support for fMRI as a method to measure preserved cognitive functioning in paediatric DOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Nicholas
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital , Madison, WI , USA
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20
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Jan RK, Lin JC, McLaren DG, Kirk IJ, Kydd RR, Russell BR. The effects of methylphenidate on cognitive control in active methamphetamine dependence using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:20. [PMID: 24639656 PMCID: PMC3944404 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) dependence is associated with cognitive deficits. Methylphenidate (MPH) has been shown to improve inhibitory control in healthy and cocaine-dependent subjects. This study aimed to understand the neurophysiological effects before and after acute MPH administration in active MA-dependent and control subjects. Fifteen MA-dependent and 18 control subjects aged 18-46 years were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after either a single oral dose of MPH (18 mg) or placebo while performing a color-word Stroop task. Baseline accuracy was lower (p = 0.026) and response time (RT) was longer (p < 0.0001) for the incongruent compared to congruent condition, demonstrating the task probed cognitive control. Increased activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and parietal cortex during the incongruent and Stroop effect conditions, respectively was observed in MA-dependent compared to control subjects (p < 0.05), suggesting the need to recruit neural resources within these regions for conflict resolution. Post- compared to pre-MPH treatment, increased RT and DLPFC activation for the Stroop effect were observed in MA-dependent subjects (p < 0.05). In comparison to MPH-treated controls and placebo-treated MA-dependent subjects, MPH-treated MA-dependent subjects showed decreased activation of parietal and occipital regions during the incongruent and Stroop effect conditions (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that in MA-dependent subjects, MPH facilitated increased recruitment of the DLPFC for Stroop conflict resolution, and a decreased need for recruitment of neural resources in parietal and occipital regions compared to the other groups, while maintaining a comparable level of task performance to that achieved pre-drug administration. Due to the small sample size, the results from this study are preliminary; however, they inform us about the effects of MPH on the neural correlates of cognitive control in active MA-dependent subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem K Jan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand ; Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Joanne C Lin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand ; Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Donald G McLaren
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA , USA ; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA , USA ; Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Ian J Kirk
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand ; Department of Psychology, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Rob R Kydd
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand ; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Bruce R Russell
- School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand ; Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
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21
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Ward AM, McLaren DG, Schultz AP, Chhatwal J, Boot BP, Hedden T, Sperling RA. Daytime sleepiness is associated with decreased default mode network connectivity in both young and cognitively intact elderly subjects. Sleep 2013; 36:1609-15. [PMID: 24179292 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep deprivation and daytime somnolence impair numerous aspects of physical, cognitive, and memory performance. However, most studies examining the effect of somnolence on brain function focus on acute sleep restriction in young adults. We examine the relationship between chronic daytime somnolence and connectivity in six brain networks in both young and elderly subjects using stimulus-free resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Outpatient research at the Massachusetts General Hospital. PARTICIPANTS Young (n = 27) and elderly (n = 84) healthy, cognitively normal volunteers. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Compared with young subjects, cognitively normal elderly adults report less daytime somnolence on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) (P = 0.019) and display reduced default mode network (DMN) connectivity (P = 0.004). Across all subjects, increasing daytime sleepiness was associated with decreasing functional connectivity in the DMN (P = 0.003, partial r of ESS = -0.29). There was no difference in the slope of this relationship between young adults and elderly subjects. No other cortical networks were correlated with daytime sleepiness. Daytime sleepiness and DMN connectivity were not related to sex, brain structure, or body mass index. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that daytime sleepiness is associated with impaired connectivity of the DMN in a manner that is distinct from the effects of aging. This association is important to consider in any study using DMN connectivity as a biomarker. Additionally, these results may help identify those subjects at risk for future memory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Ward
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA ; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA ; Departments of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA ; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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22
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Johnson JK, Gross AL, Pa J, McLaren DG, Park LQ, Manly JJ. Longitudinal change in neuropsychological performance using latent growth models: a study of mild cognitive impairment. Brain Imaging Behav 2013; 6:540-50. [PMID: 22562439 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-012-9161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to examine cognitive change in both healthy controls (n = 229) and individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 397) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). We applied latent growth modeling to examine baseline and longitudinal change over 36 months in five cognitive factors derived from the ADNI neuropsychological test battery (memory, executive function/processing speed, language, attention and visuospatial). At baseline, MCI patients demonstrated lower performance on all of the five cognitive factors when compared to controls. Both controls and MCI patients declined on memory over 36 months; however, the MCI patients declined at a significantly faster rate than controls. The MCI patients also declined over 36 months on the remaining four cognitive factors. In contrast, the controls did not exhibit significant change over 36 months on the non-memory cognitive factors. Within the MCI group, executive function declined faster than memory, while the other factor scores changed slower than memory over time. These findings suggest different patterns of cognitive change in healthy older adults and MCI patients. The findings also suggest that, when compared with memory, executive function declines faster than other cognitive factors in patients with MCI. Thus, decline in non-memory domains may be an important feature for distinguishing healthy older adults and persons with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julene K Johnson
- Institute for Health and Aging, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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23
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Ly M, Canu E, Xu G, Oh J, McLaren DG, Dowling NM, Alexander AL, Sager MA, Johnson SC, Bendlin BB. Midlife measurements of white matter microstructure predict subsequent regional white matter atrophy in healthy adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 35:2044-54. [PMID: 23861348 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although age-related brain changes are becoming better understood, midlife patterns of change are still in need of characterization, and longitudinal studies are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine if baseline fractional anisotropy (FA), obtained from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) predicts volume change over a 4-year interval. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Forty-four cognitively healthy middle-age adults underwent baseline DTI and longitudinal T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Tensor-based morphometry methods were used to evaluate volume change over time. FA values were extracted from regions of interest that included the cingulum, entorhinal white matter, and the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum. Baseline FA was used as a predictor variable, whereas gray and white matter atrophy rates as indexed by Tensor-based morphometry were the dependent variables. PRINCIPAL OBSERVATIONS Over a 4-year period, participants showed significant contraction of white matter, especially in frontal, temporal, and cerebellar regions (P < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons). Baseline FA in entorhinal white matter, genu, and splenium was associated with longitudinal rates of atrophy in regions that included the superior longitudinal fasciculus, anterior corona radiata, temporal stem, and white matter of the inferior temporal gyrus (P < 0.001, uncorrected for multiple comparisons). CONCLUSIONS Brain change with aging is characterized by extensive shrinkage of white matter. Baseline white matter microstructure as indexed by DTI was associated with some of the observed regional volume loss. The findings suggest that both white matter volume loss and microstructural alterations should be considered more prominently in models of aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ly
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Medicine, Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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24
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Huijbers W, Schultz AP, Vannini P, McLaren DG, Wigman SE, Ward AM, Hedden T, Sperling RA. The encoding/retrieval flip: interactions between memory performance and memory stage and relationship to intrinsic cortical networks. J Cogn Neurosci 2013; 25:1163-79. [PMID: 23384193 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
fMRI studies have linked the posteromedial cortex to episodic learning (encoding) and remembering (retrieval) processes. The posteromedial cortex is considered part of the default network and tends to deactivate during encoding but activate during retrieval, a pattern known as the encoding/retrieval flip. Yet, the exact relationship between the neural correlates of memory performance (hit/miss) and memory stage (encoding/retrieval) and the extent of overlap with intrinsic cortical networks remains to be elucidated. Using task-based fMRI, we isolated the pattern of activity associated with memory performance, memory stage, and the interaction between both. Using resting-state fMRI, we identified which intrinsic large-scale functional networks overlapped with regions showing task-induced effects. Our results demonstrated an effect of successful memory performance in regions associated with the control network and an effect of unsuccessful memory performance in the ventral attention network. We found an effect of memory retrieval in brain regions that span the default and control networks. Finally, we found an interaction between memory performance and memory stage in brain regions associated with the default network, including the posteromedial cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and parahippocampal cortex. We discuss these findings in relation to the encoding/retrieval flip. In general, the findings demonstrate that task-induced effects cut across intrinsic cortical networks. Furthermore, regions within the default network display functional dissociations, and this may have implications for the neural underpinnings of age-related memory disorders.
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25
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Kerr DL, McLaren DG, Mathy RM, Nitschke JB. Controllability modulates the anticipatory response in the human ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Front Psychol 2012; 3:557. [PMID: 23550176 PMCID: PMC3582324 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has consistently shown that control is critical to psychological functioning, with perceived lack of control considered to play a crucial role in the manifestation of symptoms in psychiatric disorders. In a model of behavioral control based on non-human animal work, Maier et al. (2006) posited that the presence of control activates areas of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), which in turn inhibit the normative stress response in the dorsal raphe nucleus and amygdala. To test Maier's model in humans, we investigated the effects of control over potent aversive stimuli by presenting video clips of snakes to 21 snake phobics who were otherwise healthy with no comorbid psychopathologies. Based on prior research documenting that disrupted neural processing during the anticipation of adverse events can be influenced by different forms of cognitive processing such as perceptions of control, analyses focused on the anticipatory activity preceding the videos. We found that phobics exhibited greater vmPFC activity during the anticipation of snake videos when they had control over whether the videos were presented as compared to when they had no control over the presentation of the videos. In addition, observed functional connectivity between the vmPFC and the amygdala is consistent with previous work documenting vmPFC inhibition of the amygdala. Our results provide evidence to support the extension of Maier's model of behavioral control to include anticipatory function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L. Kerr
- Waisman Center for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Donald G. McLaren
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General HospitalCharlestown, MA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial VA Medical CenterBedford, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Robin M. Mathy
- Kellogg College, University of OxfordOxford, UK
- Wolfson College, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
- Department of Social Science, Central Oregon Community CollegeBend, OR, USA
| | - Jack B. Nitschke
- Waisman Center for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
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Gross AL, Manly JJ, Pa J, Johnson JK, Park LQ, Mitchell MB, Melrose RJ, Inouye SK, McLaren DG. Cortical signatures of cognition and their relationship to Alzheimer's disease. Brain Imaging Behav 2012; 6:584-98. [PMID: 22718430 PMCID: PMC3553578 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-012-9180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent changes in diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) state that biomarkers can enhance certainty in a diagnosis of AD. In the present study, we combined cognitive function and brain morphology, a potential imaging biomarker, to predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment to AD. We identified four biomarkers, or cortical signatures of cognition (CSC), from regressions of cortical thickness on neuropsychological factors representing memory, executive function/processing speed, language, and visuospatial function among participants in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Neuropsychological factor scores were created from a previously validated multidimensional factor structure of the neuropsychological battery in ADNI. Mean thickness of each CSC at the baseline study visit was used to evaluate risk of conversion to clinical AD among participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and rate of decline on the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) score. Of 307 MCI participants, 119 converted to AD. For all domain-specific CSC, a one standard deviation thinner cortical thickness was associated with an approximately 50% higher hazard of conversion and an increase of approximately 0.30 points annually on the CDR-SB. In combined models with a domain-specific CSC and neuropsychological factor score, both CSC and factor scores predicted conversion to AD and increasing clinical severity. The present study indicated that factor scores and CSCs for memory and language both significantly predicted risk of conversion to AD and accelerated deterioration in dementia severity. We conclude that predictive models are best when they utilize both neuropsychological measures and imaging biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alden L Gross
- Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Hebrew SeniorLife, 1200 Centre Street, Rm. 634, Boston, MA, USA.
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Prabhakaran V, Nair VA, Austin BP, La C, Gallagher TA, Wu Y, McLaren DG, Xu G, Turski P, Rowley H. Current status and future perspectives of magnetic resonance high-field imaging: a summary. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2012; 22:373-97, xii. [PMID: 22548938 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are several magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques that benefit from high-field MR imaging. This article describes a range of novel techniques that are currently being used clinically or will be used in the future for clinical purposes as they gain popularity. These techniques include functional MR imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, cortical thickness assessment, arterial spin labeling perfusion, white matter hyperintensity lesion assessment, and advanced MR angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Prabhakaran
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-3252, USA.
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McLaren DG, Ries ML, Xu G, Johnson SC. A generalized form of context-dependent psychophysiological interactions (gPPI): a comparison to standard approaches. Neuroimage 2012; 61:1277-86. [PMID: 22484411 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 992] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional MRI (fMRI) allows one to study task-related regional responses and task-dependent connectivity analysis using psychophysiological interaction (PPI) methods. The latter affords the additional opportunity to understand how brain regions interact in a task-dependent manner. The current implementation of PPI in Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM8) is configured primarily to assess connectivity differences between two task conditions, when in practice fMRI tasks frequently employ more than two conditions. Here we evaluate how a generalized form of context-dependent PPI (gPPI; http://www.nitrc.org/projects/gppi), which is configured to automatically accommodate more than two task conditions in the same PPI model by spanning the entire experimental space, compares to the standard implementation in SPM8. These comparisons are made using both simulations and an empirical dataset. In the simulated dataset, we compare the interaction beta estimates to their expected values and model fit using the Akaike information criterion (AIC). We found that interaction beta estimates in gPPI were robust to different simulated data models, were not different from the expected beta value, and had better model fits than when using standard PPI (sPPI) methods. In the empirical dataset, we compare the model fit of the gPPI approach to sPPI. We found that the gPPI approach improved model fit compared to sPPI. There were several regions that became non-significant with gPPI. These regions all showed significantly better model fits with gPPI. Also, there were several regions where task-dependent connectivity was only detected using gPPI methods, also with improved model fit. Regions that were detected with all methods had more similar model fits. These results suggest that gPPI may have greater sensitivity and specificity than standard implementation in SPM. This notion is tempered slightly as there is no gold standard; however, data simulations with a known outcome support our conclusions about gPPI. In sum, the generalized form of context-dependent PPI approach has increased flexibility of statistical modeling, and potentially improves model fit, specificity to true negative findings, and sensitivity to true positive findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald G McLaren
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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McLaren DG, Sreenivasan A, Diamond EL, Mitchell MB, Van Dijk KRA, Deluca AN, O'Brien JL, Rentz DM, Sperling RA, Atri A. Tracking cognitive change over 24 weeks with longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer's disease. NEURODEGENER DIS 2012; 9:176-86. [PMID: 22456451 DOI: 10.1159/000335876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have revealed that functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in specific brain regions correlates with cross-sectional performance on standardized clinical trial measures in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the relationship between longitudinal change in fMRI-BOLD signal and neuropsychological performance remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To identify changes in regional fMRI-BOLD activity that tracks change in neuropsychological performance in mild AD dementia over 6 months. METHODS Twenty-four subjects (mean age 71.6) with mild AD dementia (mean Mini Mental State Examination 21.7, Global Clinical Dementia Rating 1.0) on stable donepezil dosing participated in two task-related fMRI sessions consisting of a face-name paired associative encoding memory paradigm 24 weeks apart during a randomized placebo-controlled pharmaco-fMRI drug study. Regression analysis was used to identify regions where the change in fMRI activity for Novel > Repeated stimulus contrast was associated with the change scores on postscan memory tests and the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT). RESULTS Correlations between changes in postscan memory accuracy and changes in fMRI activity were observed in regions including the angular gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus and cerebellum. Correlations between changes in FCSRT-free recall and changes in fMRI were observed in regions including the inferior parietal lobule, precuneus, hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. CONCLUSION Changes in encoding-related fMRI activity in regions implicated in mnemonic networks correlated with changes in psychometric measures of episodic memory retrieval performed outside the scanner. These exploratory results support the potential of fMRI activity to track cognitive change and detect signals of short-term pharmacologic effect in early-phase AD studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald G McLaren
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Canu E, McLaren DG, Fitzgerald ME, Bendlin BB, Zoccatelli G, Alessandrini F, Pizzini FB, Ricciardi GK, Beltramello A, Johnson SC, Frisoni GB. Mapping the structural brain changes in Alzheimer's disease: the independent contribution of two imaging modalities. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 26 Suppl 3:263-74. [PMID: 21971466 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The macrostructural atrophy of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been fully described. Current literature reports that also microstructural alterations occur in AD since the early stages. However, whether the microstructural changes offer unique information independent from macrostructural atrophy is unclear. Aim of this study is to define the independent contribution of macrostructural atrophy and microstructural alterations on AD pathology. The study involved 17 moderate to severe AD patients and 13 healthy controls. All participants underwent conventional and non conventional MRI (respectively, T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted MR scanning). We processed the images in order to obtain gray and white matter volumes to assess macrostructural atrophy, and fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity to assess the microstructural damage. Analyses of covariance between patients and controls were performed to investigate microstructural tissue damage independent of macrostructural tissue loss, and vice versa, voxel by voxel. We observed microstructural differences, independent of macrostructural atrophy, between patients and controls in temporal and retrosplenial regions, as well as in thalamus, corticopontine tracts, striatum and precentral gyrus. Volumetric differences, independent of microstructural alterations, were observed mainly in the entorhinal cortex, posterior cingulum, and splenium. Measures of microstructural damage provide unique information not obtainable with volumetric mapping in regions known to be pivotal in AD as well as in others thought to be spared. This work expands the understanding of the topography of pathological changes in AD that can be captured with imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Canu
- LENITEM - Laboratory of Epidemiology Neuroimaging and Telemedicine, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio FBF, The National Centre for Research and Care of Alzheimer's and Mental Diseases, Brescia, Italy
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Humbert IA, McLaren DG, Malandraki G, Johnson SC, Robbins J. Swallowing intentional off-state in aging and Alzheimer's disease: preliminary study. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 26:347-54. [PMID: 21654061 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-110380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Frontal cortical activation is elicited when subjects have been instructed not to initiate a sensorimotor task. The goal of this preliminary fMRI study was to examine BOLD response to a "Do Not Swallow" instruction (an intentional "off-state") in the context of other swallowing tasks in 3 groups of participants (healthy young, healthy old, and early Alzheimer's disease (AD)). Overall, the older group had larger, bilaterally active clusters in the cortex, including the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex during the intentional swallowing off-state; this region is commonly active in response inhibition studies. Disease-related differences were evident where the AD group had significantly greater BOLD response in the insula/operculum than the old. These findings have significant clinical implications for control of swallowing across the age span and in neurodegenerative disease. Greater activation in the insula/operculum for the AD group supports previous studies where this region is associated with initiating swallowing. The AD group may have required more effort to "turn off" swallowing centers to reach the intentional swallowing off-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianessa A Humbert
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Ries ML, McLaren DG, Bendlin BB, Guofanxu, Rowley HA, Birn R, Kastman EK, Sager MA, Asthana S, Johnson SC. Medial prefrontal functional connectivity--relation to memory self-appraisal accuracy in older adults with and without memory disorders. Neuropsychologia 2012; 50:603-11. [PMID: 22230228 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is tentatively estimated that 25% of people with early Alzheimer's disease (AD) show impaired awareness of disease-related changes in their own cognition. Research examining both normative self-awareness and altered awareness resulting from brain disease or injury points to the central role of the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) in generating accurate self-appraisals. The current project builds on this work - examining changes in MPFC functional connectivity that correspond to impaired self-appraisal accuracy early in the AD time course. Our behavioral focus was self-appraisal accuracy for everyday memory function, and this was measured using the Memory Function Scale of the Memory Awareness Rating Scale - an instrument psychometrically validated for this purpose. Using regression analysis of data from people with healthy memory (n=12) and people with impaired memory due to amnestic mild cognitive impairment or early AD (n=12), we tested the hypothesis that altered MPFC functional connectivity - particularly with other cortical midline structures and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex - explains variation in memory self-appraisal accuracy. We spatially constrained (i.e., explicitly masked) our regression analyses to those regions that work in conjunction with the MPFC to evoke self-appraisals in a normative group. This empirically derived explicit mask was generated from the result of a psychophysiological interaction analysis of fMRI self-appraisal task data in a separate, large group of cognitively healthy individuals. Results of our primary analysis (i.e., the regression of memory self-appraisal accuracy on MPFC functional connectivity) were generally consistent with our hypothesis: people who were less accurate in making memory self-appraisals showed attenuated functional connectivity between the MPFC seed region and proximal areas within the MPFC (including subgenual anterior cingulate cortex), bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral caudate, and left posterior hippocampus. Contrary to our expectations, MPFC functional connectivity with the posterior cingulate was not significantly related to accuracy of memory self-appraisals. Results reported here corroborate findings of variable memory self-appraisal accuracy during the earliest emergence of AD symptoms and reveal alterations in MPFC functional connectivity that correspond to impaired memory self-appraisal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L Ries
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Gallagher CL, Oakes TR, Johnson SC, Chung MK, Holden JE, Bendlin BB, McLaren DG, Xu G, Nickles RJ, Pyzalski R, DeJesus O, Brown WD. Rate of 6-[18F]fluorodopa uptake decline in striatal subregions in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2011; 26:614-20. [PMID: 21449008 DOI: 10.1002/mds.23503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rate of decline in 6-L-[(18)F]fluorodopa (FDOPA) uptake within the striatum has been reported as showing regional differences in Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS We acquired longitudinal brain FDOPA positron emission tomography (PET) studies in 26 PD subjects and 11 controls over 4.5 years. We analyzed both spatially normalized voxel-wise maps of radiotracer influx (Kocc) and average Kocc values for six non-overlapping volumes of interest (VOIs) encompassing the striatum. RESULTS The voxel-wise analysis showed that in PD, FDOPA Kocc decline spanned the striatum but was greatest in the posterior putamen ipsilateral and anterior putamen contralateral to initial symptoms. The VOI approached showed that absolute rates of Kocc decline were significantly greater in PD than control subjects, but that the slope of decline did not differ between subregions. In PD, ratios of uptake between subregions did not change during the study with the exception of the ipsilateral putamen/caudate ratio. Decline rates were marginally greater during earlier time segments. Both male gender and advancing age were associated with lower baseline FDOPA uptake, but no difference in decline rates. VOI Kocc values were significantly correlated with disease duration, but only moderately correlated with clinical measures. DISCUSSION We conclude that FDOPA uptake in subregions of the striatum is strongly correlated with disease duration and age, and declines approximately equally from symptom onset in PD. This implies that in idiopathic PD, relative preservation of uptake in the anterior striatum reflects a delay in pathologic involvement of nigrostriatal projections to this region.
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Willette AA, Gallagher C, Bendlin BB, McLaren DG, Kastman EK, Canu E, Kosmatka KJ, Field AS, Alexander AL, Colman RJ, Voytko MLL, Weindruch RH, Coe CL, Johnson SC. Homocysteine, neural atrophy, and the effect of caloric restriction in rhesus monkeys. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 33:670-80. [PMID: 20691506 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Higher serum homocysteine (Hcy) levels in humans are associated with vascular pathology and greater risk for dementia, as well as lower global and regional volumes in frontal lobe and hippocampus. Calorie restriction (CR) in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) may confer neural protection against age- or Hcy-related vascular pathology. Hcy was collected proximal to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition in aged rhesus monkeys and regressed against volumetric and diffusion tensor imaging indexes using voxel-wise analyses. Higher Hcy was associated with lower white matter volume in pons and corpus callosum. Hcy was correlated with lower gray matter volume and density in prefrontal cortices and striatum. CR did not influence Hcy levels. However, control monkeys exhibited a strong negative correlation between Hcy and global gray matter, whereas no relationship was evident for the CR monkeys. Similar group differences were also seen across modalities in the splenium of the corpus callosum, prefrontal cortices, hippocampus, and somatosensory areas. The data suggest that CR may ameliorate the influence of Hcy on several important age-related parameters of parenchymal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auriel A Willette
- Harlow Primate Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Humbert IA, McLaren DG, Kosmatka K, Fitzgerald M, Johnson S, Porcaro E, Kays S, Umoh EO, Robbins J. Early deficits in cortical control of swallowing in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 19:1185-97. [PMID: 20308785 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2010-1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine whether functional changes in cortical control of swallowing are evident in early Alzheimer's disease (AD), before dysphagia (swallowing impairment) is evident. Cortical function was compared between an early AD group and a group of age-matched controls during swallowing. Swallowing oropharyngeal biomechanics examined from videofluoroscopic recordings were also obtained to more comprehensively characterize changes in swallowing associated with early AD. Our neuroimaging results show that the AD group had significantly lower Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) response in many cortical areas that are traditionally involved in normal swallowing (i.e., pre and postcentral gyri, Rolandic and frontal opercula). There were no regions where the AD group showed more brain activity than the healthy controls during swallowing, and only 13% of all active voxels were unique to the AD group, even at this early stage. This suggests that the AD group is not recruiting new regions, nor are they compensating within regions that are active during swallowing. In videofluoroscopic measures, the AD group had significantly reduced hyo-laryngeal elevation than the controls. Although, swallowing impairment is usually noted in the late stages of AD, changes in cortical control of swallowing may begin long before dysphagia becomes apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianessa A Humbert
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Ward MA, Bendlin BB, McLaren DG, Hess TM, Gallagher CL, Kastman EK, Rowley HA, Asthana S, Carlsson CM, Sager MA, Johnson SC. Low HDL Cholesterol is Associated with Lower Gray Matter Volume in Cognitively Healthy Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2010; 2. [PMID: 20725527 PMCID: PMC2914583 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2010.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is common in adults and contributes to high rates of cardiovascular disease and may be linked to subsequent neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. This study examined whether lower brain volumes and cognition associated with dyslipidemia could be observed in cognitively healthy adults, and whether apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype or family history of Alzheimer's disease (FHAD) alters this effect. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine regional brain gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) in 183 individuals (58.4 ± 8.0 years) using voxel-based morphometry. A non-parametric multiple linear regression model was used to assess the effect of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol, APOE, and FHAD on regional GM and WM volume. A post hoc analysis was used to assess whether any significant correlations found within the volumetric analysis had an effect on cognition. HDL was positively correlated with GM volume in the bilateral temporal poles, middle temporal gyri, temporo-occipital gyri, and left superior temporal gyrus and parahippocampal region. This effect was independent of APOE and FHAD. A significant association between HDL and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test was found. Additionally, GM volume within the right middle temporal gyrus, the region most affected by HDL, was significantly associated with the Controlled Oral Word Association Test and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. These findings suggest that adults with decreased levels of HDL cholesterol may be experiencing cognitive changes and GM reductions in regions associated with neurodegenerative disease and therefore, may be at greater risk for future cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Ward
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison, WI, USA
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Canu E, McLaren DG, Fitzgerald ME, Bendlin BB, Zoccatelli G, Alessandrini F, Pizzini FB, Ricciardi GK, Beltramello A, Johnson SC, Frisoni GB. Microstructural diffusion changes are independent of macrostructural volume loss in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 19:963-76. [PMID: 20157252 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2010-1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although it is established that Alzheimer's disease (AD) leads to cerebral macrostructural atrophy, microstructural diffusion changes have also been observed, but it is not yet known whether these changes offer unique information about the disease pathology. Thus, a multi-modal imaging study was conducted to determine the independent contribution of each modality in moderate to severe AD. Seventeen patients with moderate-severe AD and 13 healthy volunteers underwent diffusion-weighted and T1-weighted MR scanning. Images were processed to obtain measures of macrostructural atrophy (gray and white matter volumes) and microstructural damage (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity). Microstructural diffusion changes independent of macrostructural loss were investigated using an ANCOVA where macrostructural maps were used as voxel-wise covariates. The reverse ANCOVA model was also assessed, where macrostructural loss was the dependent variable and microstructural diffusion tensor imaging maps were the imaging covariates. Diffusion differences between patients and controls were observed after controlling for volumetric differences in medial temporal, retrosplenial regions, anterior commissure, corona radiata, internal capsule, thalamus, corticopontine tracts, cerebral peduncle, striatum, and precentral gyrus. Independent volumetric differences were observed in the entorhinal cortex, inferior temporal lobe, posterior cingulate cortex, splenium and cerebellum. While it is well known that AD is associated with pronounced volumetric change, this study suggests that measures of microstructure provide unique information not obtainable with volumetric mapping in regions known to be pivotal in AD and in those thought to be spared. As such this work provides great understanding of the topography of pathological changes in AD that can be captured with imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Canu
- The National Centre for Research and Care of Alzheimer's and Mental Diseases, Brescia, Italy
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Willette AA, Bendlin BB, McLaren DG, Canu E, Kastman EK, Kosmatka KJ, Xu G, Field AS, Alexander AL, Colman RJ, Weindruch RH, Coe CL, Johnson SC. Age-related changes in neural volume and microstructure associated with interleukin-6 are ameliorated by a calorie-restricted diet in old rhesus monkeys. Neuroimage 2010; 51:987-94. [PMID: 20298794 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) increase in old age and may contribute to neural atrophy in humans. We investigated IL-6 associations with age in T1-weighted segments and microstructural diffusion indices using MRI in aged rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Further, we determined if long-term 30% calorie restriction (CR) reduced IL-6 and attenuated its association with lower tissue volume and density. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion-weighted voxelwise analyses were conducted. IL-6 was associated with less global gray and white matter (GM and WM), as well as smaller parietal and temporal GM volumes. Lower fractional anisotropy (FA) was associated with higher IL-6 levels along the corpus callosum and various cortical and subcortical tracts. Higher IL-6 concentrations across subjects were also associated with increased mean diffusivity (MD) throughout many brain regions, particularly in corpus callosum, cingulum, and parietal, frontal, and prefrontal areas. CR monkeys had significantly lower IL-6 and less associated atrophy. An IL-6xCR interaction across modalities also indicated that CR mitigated IL-6 related changes in several brain regions compared to controls. Peripheral IL-6 levels were correlated with atrophy in regions sensitive to aging, and this relationship was decreased by CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Willette
- Harlow Primate Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Madison, WI 53715, USA
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McLaren DG, Kosmatka KJ, Kastman EK, Bendlin BB, Johnson SC. Rhesus macaque brain morphometry: a methodological comparison of voxel-wise approaches. Methods 2009; 50:157-65. [PMID: 19883763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 10/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Voxel-based morphometry studies have become increasingly common in human neuroimaging over the past several years; however, few studies have utilized this method to study morphometry changes in non-human primates. Here we describe the application of voxel-wise morphometry methods to the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) using the 112RM-SL template and priors (McLaren et al. (2009) [42]) and as an illustrative example we describe age-associated changes in grey matter morphometry. Specifically, we evaluated the unified segmentation routine implemented using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) software and the FMRIB's Automated Segmentation Tool (FAST) in the FMRIB Software Library (FSL); the effect of varying the smoothing kernel; and the effect of the normalization routine. We found that when studying non-human primates, brain images need less smoothing than in human studies, 2-4mm FWHM. Using flow field deformations (DARTEL) improved inter-subject alignment leading to results that were more likely due to morphometry differences as opposed to registration differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald G McLaren
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Willette AA, Canu E, Kastman EK, McLaren DG, Coe CL, Johnson SC. Associations of systemic Interleukin-6 and caloric restriction on age-induced atrophy and microstructural indices. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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McLaren DG, Xu G, Ries ML, Kastman EK, Johnson SC. Cerebral Activations During Repeated Encoding and Subsequent Recognition: The Effect of Task on the Episodic Memory System. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Kastman EK, Bendlin BB, Kosmatka KJ, Willette AA, Canu E, McLaren DG, Johnson SC. Caloric Restriction Decreases Brain Iron Deposition in Rhesus Monkeys: a voxel-wise analysis. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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McLaren DG, Kosmatka KJ, Oakes TR, Kroenke CD, Kohama SG, Matochik JA, Ingram DK, Johnson SC. A population-average MRI-based atlas collection of the rhesus macaque. Neuroimage 2008; 45:52-9. [PMID: 19059346 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of non-human primates are becoming increasingly common; however, the well-developed voxel-based methodologies used in human studies are not readily applied to non-human primates. In the present study, we create a population-average MRI-based atlas collection for the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) that can be used with common brain mapping packages such as SPM or FSL. In addition to creating a publicly available T1-weighted atlas (http://www.brainmap.wisc.edu/monkey.html), probabilistic tissue classification maps and T2-weighted atlases were also created. Theses atlases are aligned to the MRI volume from the Saleem, K.S. and Logothetis, N.K. (2006) atlas providing an explicit link to histological sections. Additionally, we have created a transform to integrate these atlases with the F99 surface-based atlas in CARET. It is anticipated that these tools will help facilitate voxel-based imaging methodologies in non-human primate species, which in turn may increase our understanding of brain function, development, and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald G McLaren
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Humbert IA, Fitzgerald ME, McLaren DG, Johnson S, Porcaro E, Kosmatka K, Hind J, Robbins J. Neurophysiology of swallowing: effects of age and bolus type. Neuroimage 2008; 44:982-91. [PMID: 19010424 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined age-related changes in swallowing from an integrated biomechanical and functional imaging perspective in order to more comprehensively characterize changes in swallowing associated with age. We examined swallowing-related fMRI brain activity and videoflouroscopic biomechanics of three bolus types (saliva, water and barium) in 12 young and 11 older adults. We found that age-related neurophysiological changes in swallowing are evident. The group of older adults recruited more cortical regions than young adults, including the pericentral gyri and inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis and pars triangularis (primarily right-sided). Saliva swallows elicited significantly higher BOLD responses in regions important for swallowing compared to water and barium. In separate videofluoroscopy sessions, we obtained durational measures of supine swallowing. The older cohort had significantly longer delays before the onset of the pharyngeal swallow response and increased residue of ingested material in the pharynx. These findings suggest that older adults without neurological insult elicit more cortical involvement to complete the same swallowing tasks as younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianessa A Humbert
- William S Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Madison, WI, USA.
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45
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Xu G, McLaren DG, Ries ML, Fitzgerald ME, Bendlin BB, Rowley HA, Sager MA, Atwood C, Asthana S, Johnson SC. The influence of parental history of Alzheimer's disease and apolipoprotein E epsilon4 on the BOLD signal during recognition memory. Brain 2008; 132:383-91. [PMID: 18829694 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awn254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
First-degree family history (FH) of sporadic Alzheimer's disease and the apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele (APOE4) are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease that may affect brain function prior to onset of clinical symptoms. In this functional MRI (fMRI) study, we used an episodic recognition task that required discrimination of previously viewed (PV) and novel (NV) faces to examine differences in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal due to risk factors in 74 middle-aged cognitively normal individuals. The group effects on this recognition task were tested with a 2 x 2 ANCOVA factorial design (+FH/-FH and +APOE4/-APOE4). There were significant APOE4 and FH effects in the left dorsal posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, where decreased risk resulted in greater activity during recollection. Recognition performance was positively correlated with BOLD signal in the left posterior hippocampus, parahippocampal-retrosplenial gyrus and left superior frontal cortex regardless of risk factors. To examine condition-specific group effects, both the PV and NV faces were tested further in separate 2 x 2 ANCOVAs. Both models revealed an APOE effect, with the -APOE4 group showing stronger signal than the +APOE4 group in anterior cingulate cortices, while a FH effect was found in the dorsal cuneus and medial frontal cortices with the -FH group showing stronger signal than the +FH group. Finally, interactions between APOE4 and FH effects were found bilaterally in the fusiform gyrus. These results suggest that risk factors and cognitive performance each influence brain activity during recognition. The findings lend further support to the idea that functional brain changes may begin far in advance of symptomatic Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofan Xu
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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46
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McLaren DG, Ries ML, Bendlin BB, Kastman EK, Kosmatka KJ, Xu G, Jabbar BM, Newman LM, Fitzgerald ME, Johnson SC. P1‐262: Memory formation in middle‐aged adults: Dynamics of the bold signal across repetitions. Alzheimers Dement 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donald G. McLaren
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's HospitalMadisonWIUSA
- University of Wisconsin - MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Michele L. Ries
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's HospitalMadisonWIUSA
- University of Wisconsin - MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's HospitalMadisonWIUSA
- University of Wisconsin - MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Erik K. Kastman
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's HospitalMadisonWIUSA
- University of Wisconsin - MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Kristopher J. Kosmatka
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's HospitalMadisonWIUSA
- University of Wisconsin - MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Guofan Xu
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's HospitalMadisonWIUSA
- University of Wisconsin - MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Britta M. Jabbar
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's HospitalMadisonWIUSA
- University of Wisconsin - MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Lisa M. Newman
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's HospitalMadisonWIUSA
- University of Wisconsin - MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Michele E. Fitzgerald
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's HospitalMadisonWIUSA
- University of Wisconsin - MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's HospitalMadisonWIUSA
- University of Wisconsin - MadisonMadisonWIUSA
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47
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Bendlin BB, Thiel B, Jabbar BM, Kastman EK, Fitzgerald ME, Gliori G, McLaren DG, Asthana S, Sager MA, Alexander AL, Lazar M, Johnson SC. P4‐007: Parental family history is related to microstructural brain changes in presymptomatic middle‐aged and older adults. Alzheimers Dement 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.2071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara B. Bendlin
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public HealthMadisonWIUSA
- William S. Middleton VA Hospital - GRECCMadisonWIUSA
| | - Brent Thiel
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public HealthMadisonWIUSA
- William S. Middleton VA Hospital - GRECCMadisonWIUSA
| | - Britta M. Jabbar
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public HealthMadisonWIUSA
- William S. Middleton VA Hospital - GRECCMadisonWIUSA
| | - Erik K. Kastman
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public HealthMadisonWIUSA
- William S. Middleton VA Hospital - GRECCMadisonWIUSA
| | - Michele E. Fitzgerald
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public HealthMadisonWIUSA
- William S. Middleton VA Hospital - GRECCMadisonWIUSA
| | - Gemma Gliori
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public HealthMadisonWIUSA
- William S. Middleton VA Hospital - GRECCMadisonWIUSA
| | - Donald G. McLaren
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public HealthMadisonWIUSA
- William S. Middleton VA Hospital - GRECCMadisonWIUSA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public HealthMadisonWIUSA
- William S. Middleton VA Hospital - GRECCMadisonWIUSA
| | - Mark A. Sager
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public HealthMadisonWIUSA
| | | | - Mariana Lazar
- New York University Center for Biological ImagingNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public HealthMadisonWIUSA
- William S. Middleton VA Hospital - GRECCMadisonWIUSA
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Abstract
We used fMRI to identify brain areas activated during tactile attention tasks. Participants detected the interval containing target stimulation of higher vibrotactile frequency or longer duration. Attributes were selectively or neutrally cued. A control backwards-counting task included concurrent, but irrelevant corresponding vibrotactile stimulation. Group analyses of average F-statistic maps, participant conjunction maps, and estimated time courses utilized data mapped to a standard average surface atlas (PALS B12). Repeated-measures, random-effects MANOVA examined blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal modulation differences amongst tasks in defined regions, where significant responses occurred in at least 50% of the group. Greater than 0.1% increase in BOLD responses were found during at least one of the tactile attention tasks in contralateral parietal opercular OP1, BA 4 finger region, frontal eye field, dorsal premotor, anterior and posterior BA 7, and bilaterally in superior temporal sulcal cortex (BA 22), ventral premotor, supplementary motor area, and frontal operculum/insula. The same tasks suppressed activity in ipsilateral OP4. The BA 22 ROI showed larger responses during neutral cuing. The control task suppressed BOLD in ipsilateral OP1 and OP4 and bilaterally in BA 40, but significantly enhanced responses in dorsal parietal-frontal regions compared with tactile attention tasks. No regional differences were found between selectively cued frequency and duration tasks. Tactile attention effects were most prominent in OP1. Posterior parietal responses possibly reflected the visual attention required for backwards-counting, whereas the frontal regions potentially related to goal-directed behavior when identifying target stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Burton
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Goldman MB, Heidinger L, Kulkarni K, Zhu DC, Chien A, McLaren DG, Shah J, Coffey CE, Sharif S, Chen E, Uftring SJ, Small SL, Solodkin A, Pilla RS. Changes in the amplitude and timing of the hemodynamic response associated with prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle. Neuroimage 2006; 32:1375-84. [PMID: 16843683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.04.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2006] [Revised: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the early stages of information processing in limbic brain circuits may underlie symptoms of severe neuropsychiatric disorders. Prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (PPI) is diminished in many of these disorders and may reflect the disruption of this CNS function. PPI is associated with brain activity in many of the same regions in humans as it is in laboratory animals, suggesting that neuroimaging studies in humans may help localize deficits that can then be elucidated in animal models. In this article, we employed a rapid presentation event-related design during continuous EPI BOLD scanning to examine hemodynamic response functions (HRFs) associated with PPI. Fourteen healthy participants listened to 100 pulse alone and 100 prepulse combined with pulse (prepulse-pulse) trials. PPI is the normalized difference in the startle response to the two trial types. Following the prepulse-pulse trials, the amplitudes of the HRFs in auditory cortices and in the anterior insula were increased, while in the cerebellum, thalamus and anterior cingulate, they were decreased, relative to the pulse alone trials. In addition, the timing of the prepulse-pulse responses was delayed in the auditory cortices, anterior insula and cerebellum. Finally, PPI measured outside the scanner was predicted by the difference in BOLD responses between trial types in the anterior insula and in the cerebellum. The results suggest that prepulse inhibition, and by extension early stages of information processing, modulate both the amplitude as well as timing of neural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris B Goldman
- Department of Psychiatry-MC3077, University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Abstract
Reading Braille activates visual cortex in blind people [Burton et al., J Neurophysiol 2002;87:589-611; Sadato et al., Nature 1996;380:526-528; Sadato et al., Brain 1998;121:1213-1229]. Because learning Braille requires extensive training, we had sighted and blind people read raised block capital letters to determine whether all groups engage visual cortex similarly when reading by touch. Letters were passively rubbed across the right index finger at 30 mm/s using an MR-compatible drum stimulator. Age-matched sighted, early blind (lost sight 0-5 years), and late blind (lost sight >5.5 years) volunteers performed three tasks: stating an identified letter, stating a verb containing an identified letter, and feeling a moving smooth surface. Responses were voiced immediately after the drum stopped moving across the fingertip. All groups showed increased activity in visual areas V1 and V2 during both letter identification tasks. Blind compared to sighted participants showed greater activation increases predominantly in the parafoveal-peripheral portions of visuotopic areas and posterior parts of BA 20 and 37. Sighted participants showed suppressed activity in most of the same areas except for small positive responses bilaterally in V1, left V5/MT+, and bilaterally in BA 37/20. Blind individuals showed suppression of the language areas in the frontal cortex, while sighted individuals showed slight positive responses. Early blind showed a more extensive distribution of activity in superior temporal sulcal multisensory areas. These results show cross-modal reorganization of visual cortex and altered response dynamics in nonvisual areas that plausibly reflect mechanisms for adaptive plasticity in blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Burton
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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