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Shade DC, Park HJ, Hausman DB, Hohos N, Meagher RB, Kauwell GPA, Kilaru V, Lewis RD, Smith AK, Bailey LB. DNA Methylation Changes in Whole Blood and CD16+ Neutrophils in Response to Chronic Folic Acid Supplementation in Women of Childbearing Age. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2018; 87:271-278. [PMID: 30499755 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Folate, a water-soluble vitamin, is a key source of one-carbon groups for DNA methylation, but studies of the DNA methylation response to supplemental folic acid yield inconsistent results. These studies are commonly conducted using whole blood, which contains a mixed population of white blood cells that have been shown to confound results. The objective of this study was to determine if CD16+ neutrophils may provide more specific data than whole blood for identifying DNA methylation response to chronic folic acid supplementation. The study was performed in normal weight (BMI 18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2) women (18 - 35 y; n = 12), with blood samples taken before and after 8 weeks of folic acid supplementation at 800 μg/day. DNA methylation patterns from whole blood and isolated CD16+ neutrophils were measured across >485,000 CpG sites throughout the genome using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Over the course of the 8-week supplementation, 6746 and 7513 CpG sites changed (p < 0.05) in whole blood and CD16+ neutrophils, respectively. DNA methylation decreased in 68.4% (whole blood) and 71.8% (CD16+ neutrophils) of these sites. There were only 182 CpG sites that changed in both the whole blood and CD16+ neutrophils, 139 of which changed in the same direction. These results suggest that the genome-wide DNA methylation response to chronic folic acid supplementation is different between whole blood and CD16+ neutrophils and that a single white blood cell type may function as a more specific epigenetic reporter of folate status than whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna C Shade
- a Co-first authors; these authors contributed equally.,1 Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hea Jin Park
- a Co-first authors; these authors contributed equally.,1 Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dorothy B Hausman
- 1 Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Natalie Hohos
- 1 Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Gail P A Kauwell
- 3 Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Varun Kilaru
- 4 Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard D Lewis
- 1 Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Alicia K Smith
- 4 Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lynn B Bailey
- 1 Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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2
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Knight AK, Park HJ, Hausman DB, Fleming JM, Bland VL, Rosa G, Kennedy EM, Caudill MA, Malysheva O, Kauwell GPA, Sokolow A, Fisher S, Smith AK, Bailey LB. Association between one-carbon metabolism indices and DNA methylation status in maternal and cord blood. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16873. [PMID: 30442960 PMCID: PMC6237996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
One-carbon metabolism is essential for multiple cellular processes and can be assessed by the concentration of folate metabolites in the blood. One-carbon metabolites serve as methyl donors that are required for epigenetic regulation. Deficiencies in these metabolites are associated with a variety of poor health outcomes, including adverse pregnancy complications. DNA methylation is known to vary with one-carbon metabolite concentration, and therefore may modulate the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study addresses changes in one-carbon indices over pregnancy and the relationship between maternal and child DNA methylation and metabolite concentrations by leveraging data from 24 mother-infant dyads. Five of the 13 metabolites measured from maternal blood and methylation levels of 993 CpG sites changed over the course of pregnancy. In dyads, maternal and fetal one-carbon concentrations were highly correlated, both early in pregnancy and at delivery. The 993 CpG sites whose methylation levels changed over pregnancy in maternal blood were also investigated for associations with metabolite concentrations in infant blood at delivery, where five CpG sites were associated with the concentration of at least one metabolite. Identification of CpG sites that change over pregnancy may result in better characterization of genes and pathways involved in maintaining a healthy, term pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Knight
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hea Jin Park
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dorothy B Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Fleming
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Victoria L Bland
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Gisselle Rosa
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Kennedy
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Olga Malysheva
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gail P A Kauwell
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Sokolow
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Susan Fisher
- Piedmont Athens Regional Midwifery, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Lynn B Bailey
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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3
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Wright CS, Laing EM, Pollock NK, Hausman DB, Weaver CM, Martin BR, McCabe GP, Peacock M, Warden SJ, Hill Gallant KM, Lewis RD. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Intact Parathyroid Hormone Influence Muscle Outcomes in Children and Adolescents. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1940-1947. [PMID: 30001469 PMCID: PMC6556206 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Increases in 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are shown to improve strength in adults; however, data in pediatric populations are scant and equivocal. In this ancillary study of a larger-scale, multi-sited, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled vitamin D intervention in US children and adolescents, we examined the associations between changes in vitamin D metabolites and changes in muscle mass, strength, and composition after 12 weeks of vitamin D3 supplementation. Healthy male and female, black and white children and adolescents between the ages of 9 and 13 years from two US states (Georgia 34°N and Indiana 40°N) were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to receive an oral vitamin D3 dose of 0, 400, 1000, 2000, or 4000 IU/d for 12 weeks between the winter months of 2009 to 2011 (N = 324). Analyses of covariance, partial correlations, and regression analyses of baseline and 12-week changes (post-baseline) in vitamin D metabolites (serum 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2 D, intact parathyroid hormone [iPTH]), and outcomes of muscle mass, strength, and composition (total body fat-free soft tissue [FFST], handgrip strength, forearm and calf muscle cross-sectional area [MCSA], muscle density, and intermuscular adipose tissue [IMAT]) were assessed. Serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2 D, but not iPTH, increased over time, as did fat mass, FFST, forearm and calf MCSA, forearm IMAT, and handgrip strength (p < 0.05). Vitamin D metabolites were not associated with muscle strength at baseline nor after the 12-week intervention. Changes in serum 25(OH)D correlated with decreases in forearm IMAT, whereas changes in serum iPTH predicted increases in forearm and calf MCSA and IMAT (p < 0.05). Overall, increases in 25(OH)D did not influence muscle mass or strength in vitamin D-sufficient children and adolescents; however, the role of iPTH on muscle composition in this population is unknown and warrants further investigation. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Wright
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Human Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Emma M Laing
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Norman K Pollock
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Dorothy B Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Berdine R Martin
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - George P McCabe
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stuart J Warden
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Human Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathleen M Hill Gallant
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Richard D Lewis
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Rogers LM, Cordero AM, Pfeiffer CM, Hausman DB, Tsang BL, De‐Regil LM, Rosenthal J, Razzaghi H, Wong EC, Weakland AP, Bailey LB. Global folate status in women of reproductive age: a systematic review with emphasis on methodological issues. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1431:35-57. [PMID: 30239016 PMCID: PMC6282622 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate folate status in women of reproductive age (WRA) can lead to adverse health consequences of public health significance, such as megaloblastic anemia (folate deficiency) and an increased risk of neural tube defect (NTD)-affected pregnancies (folate insufficiency). Our review aims to evaluate current data on folate status of WRA. We queried eight databases and the World Health Organization Micronutrients Database, identifying 45 relevant surveys conducted between 2000 and 2014 in 39 countries. Several types of folate assays were used in the analysis of blood folate, and many surveys used folate cutoffs not matched to the assay. To allow better comparisons across surveys, we attempted to account for these differences. The prevalence of folate deficiency was >20% in many countries with lower income economies but was typically <5% in countries with higher income economies. Only 11 surveys reported the prevalence of folate insufficiency, which was >40% in most countries. Overall, folate status data for WRA globally are limited and must be carefully interpreted due to methodological issues. Future surveys would benefit from using the microbiologic assay to assess folate status, along with assay-matched cutoffs to improve monitoring and evaluation of folic acid interventions, thus informing global efforts to prevent NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Rogers
- Evidence and Programme Guidance, Department of Nutrition for Health and DevelopmentWorld Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Amy M. Cordero
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental DisabilitiesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Christine M. Pfeiffer
- National Center for Environmental HealthCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgia
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Rosenthal
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental DisabilitiesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Hilda Razzaghi
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental DisabilitiesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Eugene C. Wong
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental DisabilitiesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgia
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and EducationOak RidgeTennessee
| | | | - Lynn B. Bailey
- Foods and Nutrition DepartmentUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia
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Hohos NM, Smith AK, Kilaru V, Park HJ, Hausman DB, Bailey LB, Lewis RD, Phillips BG, Meagher RB. CD4 + and CD8 + T-Cell-Specific DNA Cytosine Methylation Differences Associated With Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1312-1321. [PMID: 29956501 PMCID: PMC6107382 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lifestyle factors associated with obesity may alter epigenome-regulated gene expression. Most studies examining epigenetic changes in obesity have analyzed DNA 5´-methylcytosine (5mC) in whole blood, representing a weighted average of several distantly related and regulated leukocyte classes. To examine leukocyte-specific differences associated with obesity, a pilot study examining 5mC in three distinct leukocyte types isolated from peripheral blood of women with normal weight and obesity was conducted. METHODS CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD16+ neutrophils were reiteratively isolated from blood, and 5mC levels were measured across >450,000 CG sites. RESULTS Nineteen CG sites were differentially methylated between women with obesity and with normal weight in CD4+ cells, 16 CG sites in CD8+ cells, and 0 CG sites in CD16+ neutrophils (q < 0.05). There were no common differentially methylated sites between the T-cell types. The amount of visceral adipose tissue was strongly associated with the methylation level of 79 CG sites in CD4+ cells, including 4 CG sites in CLSTN1's promoter, which, this study shows, may regulate its expression. CONCLUSIONS The methylomes of various leukocytes respond differently to obesity and levels of visceral adipose tissue. Highly significant differentially methylated sites in CD4+ and CD8+ cells in women with obesity that have apparent biological relevance to obesity were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Hohos
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Corresponding Author: 120 Green Street, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7223
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Physciatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Varun Kilaru
- Physciatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hea Jin Park
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dorothy B Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lynn B Bailey
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Richard D Lewis
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Bradley G Phillips
- Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Bailey LB, Hausman DB. Folate status in women of reproductive age as basis of neural tube defect risk assessment. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1414:82-95. [PMID: 29139138 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reliable folate status data for women of reproductive age (WRA) to assess global risk for neural tube defects (NTDs) are needed. We focus on a recent recommendation by the World Health Organization that a specific "optimal" red blood cell (RBC) folate concentration be used as the sole indicator of NTD risk within a population and discuss how to best apply this guidance to reach the goal of assessing NTD risk globally. We also emphasize the importance of using the microbiologic assay (MBA) as the most reliable assay for obtaining comparable results for RBC folate concentration across time and countries, the need for harmonization of the MBA through use of consistent key reagents and procedures within laboratories, and the requirement to apply assay-matched cutoffs for folate deficiency and insufficiency. To estimate NTD risk globally, the ideal scenario would be to have country-specific population-based surveys of RBC folate in WRA determined utilizing a harmonized MBA, as was done in recent studies in Guatemala and Belize. We conclude with guidance on next steps to best navigate the road map toward the goal of generating reliable folate status data on which to assess NTD risk in WRA in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn B Bailey
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Dorothy B Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Park HJ, Bailey LB, Shade DC, Hausman DB, Hohos NM, Meagher RB, Kauwell GPA, Lewis RD, Smith AK. Distinctions in gene-specific changes in DNA methylation in response to folic acid supplementation between women with normal weight and obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract 2017; 11:665-676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Kindler JM, Pollock NK, Laing EM, Oshri A, Jenkins NT, Isales CM, Hamrick MW, Ding KH, Hausman DB, McCabe GP, Martin BR, Hill Gallant KM, Warden SJ, Weaver CM, Peacock M, Lewis RD. Insulin Resistance and the IGF-I-Cortical Bone Relationship in Children Ages 9 to 13 Years. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:1537-1545. [PMID: 28300329 PMCID: PMC5489353 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
IGF-I is a pivotal hormone in pediatric musculoskeletal development. Although recent data suggest that the role of IGF-I in total body lean mass and total body bone mass accrual may be compromised in children with insulin resistance, cortical bone geometric outcomes have not been studied in this context. Therefore, we explored the influence of insulin resistance on the relationship between IGF-I and cortical bone in children. A secondary aim was to examine the influence of insulin resistance on the lean mass-dependent relationship between IGF-I and cortical bone. Children were otherwise healthy, early adolescent black and white boys and girls (ages 9 to 13 years) and were classified as having high (n = 147) or normal (n = 168) insulin resistance based on the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Cortical bone at the tibia diaphysis (66% site) and total body fat-free soft tissue mass (FFST) were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), respectively. IGF-I, insulin, and glucose were measured in fasting sera and HOMA-IR was calculated. Children with high HOMA-IR had greater unadjusted IGF-I (p < 0.001). HOMA-IR was a negative predictor of cortical bone mineral content, cortical bone area (Ct.Ar), and polar strength strain index (pSSI; all p ≤ 0.01) after adjusting for race, sex, age, maturation, fat mass, and FFST. IGF-I was a positive predictor of most musculoskeletal endpoints (all p < 0.05) after adjusting for race, sex, age, and maturation. However, these relationships were moderated by HOMA-IR (pInteraction < 0.05). FFST positively correlated with most cortical bone outcomes (all p < 0.05). Path analyses demonstrated a positive relationship between IGF-I and Ct.Ar via FFST in the total cohort (βIndirect Effect = 0.321, p < 0.001). However, this relationship was moderated in the children with high (βIndirect Effect = 0.200, p < 0.001) versus normal (βIndirect Effect = 0.408, p < 0.001) HOMA-IR. These data implicate insulin resistance as a potential suppressor of IGF-I-dependent cortical bone development, though prospective studies are needed. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Kindler
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Emma M Laing
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Assaf Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nathan T Jenkins
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ke-Hong Ding
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Dorothy B Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - George P McCabe
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Berdine R Martin
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Stuart J Warden
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Richard D Lewis
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Giudici KV, Kindler JM, Martin BR, Laing EM, McCabe GP, McCabe LD, Hausman DB, Martini LA, Lewis RD, Weaver CM, Peacock M, Hill Gallant KM. Associations among osteocalcin, leptin and metabolic health in children ages 9-13 years in the United States. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:25. [PMID: 28286536 PMCID: PMC5341348 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the relationships among osteocalcin, leptin and metabolic health outcomes in children ages 9–13 years. Methods This was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 161 boys and 157 girls (ages 9–13 years) who previously participated in a double-blinded randomized placebo controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation. Relationships among fasting serum total osteocalcin (tOC), undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), leptin, and metabolic health outcomes were analyzed. Results Approximately 52% of study participants were obese based on percent body fat cutoffs (>25% for boys and >32% for girls) and about 5% had fasting serum glucose within the prediabetic range (i.e. 100 to 125 mg/dL). Serum tOC was not correlated with leptin, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, or HOMA-β after adjusting for percent body fat. However, serum ucOC negatively correlated with leptin (partial r = −0.16; p = 0.04) and glucose (partial r = −0.16; p = 0.04) after adjustment for percent body fat. Leptin was a positive predictor of insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β after adjusting for age, sex and percent body fat (all p < 0.001). Conclusions These data depict an inverse relationship between leptin and various metabolic health outcomes in children. However, the notion that tOC or ucOC link fat with energy metabolism in healthy children was not supported. Clinical trial registration number NCT00931580.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Virecoulon Giudici
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, CEP 01246-904 Brazil
| | - Joseph M Kindler
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Berdine R Martin
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Emma M Laing
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - George P McCabe
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, 150 N. University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Linda D McCabe
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Dorothy B Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Lígia Araújo Martini
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, CEP 01246-904 Brazil
| | - Richard D Lewis
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Kathleen M Hill Gallant
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
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Hausman DB, Lu J, Ryan DH, Flatt WP, Harris RBS. Compensatory Growth of Adipose Tissue After Partial Lipectomy: Involvement of Serum Factors. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 229:512-20. [PMID: 15169970 DOI: 10.1177/153537020422900609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of body weight/fat was studied by investigating mechanisms for compensatory adipose tissue growth after removal of bilateral epididymal fat pads from male adult Wistar rats. Food intake during the first 4 weeks and energy expenditure on Days 8-10 postsurgery were not different between lipectomized and sham operated rats. During Days 29–31 post surgery, a small (2.4%) but significant (P < 0.05) increase in heat production per metabolic body size was detected in lipectomized as compared with sham operated rats. The carcass composition of lipectomized and sham operated rats was not significantly different 16 weeks after surgery. The compensatory growth was fat pad–specific: mesenteric, retroperitoneal, and inguinal fat pads, but not perirenal fat pads, were heavier in lipectomized rats than in sham operated rats as early as 4 weeks postsurgery. Examination of fat cell size distribution in the compensating pads indicated a shift toward larger cells in retroperitoneal fat, but not in inguinal fat of lipectomized as compared with sham operated rats. Serum from lipectomized rats, but not media conditioned by exposure to retroperitoneal fat pads from lipectomized rats, stimulated proliferation of preadipocytes in vitro more than that from sham operated rats. Thus, compensatory adipose tissue growth after lipectomy may be mediated, in part, by blood-borne factors that are derived from tissues other than adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy B Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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11
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Ferira AJ, Laing EM, Hausman DB, Hall DB, McCabe GP, Martin BR, Hill Gallant KM, Warden SJ, Weaver CM, Peacock M, Lewis RD. Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Impact Insulin Resistance in Black and White Children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:1710-8. [PMID: 26885880 PMCID: PMC4880166 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vitamin D supplementation trials with diabetes-related outcomes have been conducted almost exclusively in adults and provide equivocal findings. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the dose-response of vitamin D supplementation on fasting glucose, insulin, and a surrogate measure of insulin resistance in white and black children aged 9–13 years, who participated in the Georgia, Purdue, and Indiana University (or GAPI) trial: a 12-week multisite, randomized, triple-masked, dose-response, placebo-controlled vitamin D trial. DESIGN Black and white children in the early stages of puberty (N = 323, 50% male, 51% black) were equally randomized to receive vitamin D3 (0, 400, 1000, 2000, or 4000 IU/day) for 12 weeks. Fasting serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), glucose and insulin were assessed at baseline and weeks 6 and 12. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was used as a surrogate measure of insulin resistance. Statistical analyses were conducted as intent-to-treat using a mixed effects model. RESULTS Baseline serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with insulin (r = −0.140, P = 0.017) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r = −0.146, P = 0.012) after adjusting for race, sex, age, pubertal maturation, fat mass, and body mass index. Glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance increased (F > 5.79, P < .003) over the 12 weeks, despite vitamin D dose-dependent increases in serum 25(OH)D. CONCLUSIONS Despite significant baseline inverse relationships between serum 25(OH)D and measures of insulin resistance, vitamin D supplementation had no impact on fasting glucose, insulin, or a surrogate measure of insulin resistance over 12 weeks in apparently healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Ferira
- Departments of Foods and Nutrition (A.J.F., E.M.L., D.B.Hau., and R.D.L.) and Statistics (D.B.Hal.), The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602; Departments of Nutrition Science (C.M.W., B.R.M., K.M.H.G.) and Statistics (G.P.M.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; Department of Medicine (M.P.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Physical Therapy (S.J.W.), Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Emma M Laing
- Departments of Foods and Nutrition (A.J.F., E.M.L., D.B.Hau., and R.D.L.) and Statistics (D.B.Hal.), The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602; Departments of Nutrition Science (C.M.W., B.R.M., K.M.H.G.) and Statistics (G.P.M.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; Department of Medicine (M.P.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Physical Therapy (S.J.W.), Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Dorothy B Hausman
- Departments of Foods and Nutrition (A.J.F., E.M.L., D.B.Hau., and R.D.L.) and Statistics (D.B.Hal.), The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602; Departments of Nutrition Science (C.M.W., B.R.M., K.M.H.G.) and Statistics (G.P.M.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; Department of Medicine (M.P.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Physical Therapy (S.J.W.), Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Daniel B Hall
- Departments of Foods and Nutrition (A.J.F., E.M.L., D.B.Hau., and R.D.L.) and Statistics (D.B.Hal.), The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602; Departments of Nutrition Science (C.M.W., B.R.M., K.M.H.G.) and Statistics (G.P.M.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; Department of Medicine (M.P.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Physical Therapy (S.J.W.), Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - George P McCabe
- Departments of Foods and Nutrition (A.J.F., E.M.L., D.B.Hau., and R.D.L.) and Statistics (D.B.Hal.), The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602; Departments of Nutrition Science (C.M.W., B.R.M., K.M.H.G.) and Statistics (G.P.M.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; Department of Medicine (M.P.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Physical Therapy (S.J.W.), Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Berdine R Martin
- Departments of Foods and Nutrition (A.J.F., E.M.L., D.B.Hau., and R.D.L.) and Statistics (D.B.Hal.), The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602; Departments of Nutrition Science (C.M.W., B.R.M., K.M.H.G.) and Statistics (G.P.M.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; Department of Medicine (M.P.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Physical Therapy (S.J.W.), Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Kathleen M Hill Gallant
- Departments of Foods and Nutrition (A.J.F., E.M.L., D.B.Hau., and R.D.L.) and Statistics (D.B.Hal.), The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602; Departments of Nutrition Science (C.M.W., B.R.M., K.M.H.G.) and Statistics (G.P.M.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; Department of Medicine (M.P.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Physical Therapy (S.J.W.), Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Stuart J Warden
- Departments of Foods and Nutrition (A.J.F., E.M.L., D.B.Hau., and R.D.L.) and Statistics (D.B.Hal.), The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602; Departments of Nutrition Science (C.M.W., B.R.M., K.M.H.G.) and Statistics (G.P.M.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; Department of Medicine (M.P.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Physical Therapy (S.J.W.), Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Departments of Foods and Nutrition (A.J.F., E.M.L., D.B.Hau., and R.D.L.) and Statistics (D.B.Hal.), The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602; Departments of Nutrition Science (C.M.W., B.R.M., K.M.H.G.) and Statistics (G.P.M.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; Department of Medicine (M.P.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Physical Therapy (S.J.W.), Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Munro Peacock
- Departments of Foods and Nutrition (A.J.F., E.M.L., D.B.Hau., and R.D.L.) and Statistics (D.B.Hal.), The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602; Departments of Nutrition Science (C.M.W., B.R.M., K.M.H.G.) and Statistics (G.P.M.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; Department of Medicine (M.P.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Physical Therapy (S.J.W.), Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Richard D Lewis
- Departments of Foods and Nutrition (A.J.F., E.M.L., D.B.Hau., and R.D.L.) and Statistics (D.B.Hal.), The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602; Departments of Nutrition Science (C.M.W., B.R.M., K.M.H.G.) and Statistics (G.P.M.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; Department of Medicine (M.P.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Physical Therapy (S.J.W.), Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
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Bailey LB, Stover PJ, McNulty H, Fenech MF, Gregory JF, Mills JL, Pfeiffer CM, Fazili Z, Zhang M, Ueland PM, Molloy AM, Caudill MA, Shane B, Berry RJ, Bailey RL, Hausman DB, Raghavan R, Raiten DJ. Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development-Folate Review. J Nutr 2015; 145:1636S-1680S. [PMID: 26451605 PMCID: PMC4478945 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.206599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) project is designed to provide evidence-based advice to anyone with an interest in the role of nutrition in health. Specifically, the BOND program provides state-of-the-art information and service with regard to selection, use, and interpretation of biomarkers of nutrient exposure, status, function, and effect. To accomplish this objective, expert panels are recruited to evaluate the literature and to draft comprehensive reports on the current state of the art with regard to specific nutrient biology and available biomarkers for assessing nutrients in body tissues at the individual and population level. Phase I of the BOND project includes the evaluation of biomarkers for 6 nutrients: iodine, iron, zinc, folate, vitamin A, and vitamin B-12. This review represents the second in the series of reviews and covers all relevant aspects of folate biology and biomarkers. The article is organized to provide the reader with a full appreciation of folate's history as a public health issue, its biology, and an overview of available biomarkers (serum folate, RBC folate, and plasma homocysteine concentrations) and their interpretation across a range of clinical and population-based uses. The article also includes a list of priority research needs for advancing the area of folate biomarkers related to nutritional health status and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn B Bailey
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA;
| | - Patrick J Stover
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Helene McNulty
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Michael F Fenech
- Genome Health Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Food, Nutrition, and Bioproducts Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jesse F Gregory
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - James L Mills
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Zia Fazili
- National Center for Environmental Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mindy Zhang
- National Center for Environmental Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA
| | - Per M Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, Univeristy of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne M Molloy
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Barry Shane
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Robert J Berry
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, GA; and
| | | | - Dorothy B Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Ramkripa Raghavan
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel J Raiten
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD;
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Hausman GJ, Basu U, Wei S, Hausman DB, Dodson MV. Preadipocyte and adipose tissue differentiation in meat animals: influence of species and anatomical location. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2015; 2:323-51. [PMID: 25384146 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022513-114211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Early in porcine adipose tissue development, the stromal-vascular (SV) elements control and dictate the extent of adipogenesis in a depot-dependent manner. The vasculature and collagen matrix differentiate before overt adipocyte differentiation. In the fetal pig, subcutaneous (SQ) layer development is predictive of adipocyte development, as the outer, middle, and inner layers of dorsal SQ adipose tissue develop and maintain layered morphology throughout postnatal growth of SQ adipose tissue. Bovine and ovine fetuses contain brown adipose tissue but SQ white adipose tissue is poorly developed structurally. Fetal adipose tissue differentiation is associated with the precocious expression of several genes encoding secreted factors and key transcription factors like peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)γ and CCAAT/-enhancer-binding protein. Identification of adipocyte-associated genes differentially expressed by age, depot, and species in vivo and in vitro has been achieved using single-gene analysis, microarrays, suppressive subtraction hybridization, and next-generation sequencing applications. Gene polymorphisms in PPARγ, cathepsins, and uncoupling protein 3 have been associated with back fat accumulation. Genome scans have mapped several quantitative trait loci (QTL) predictive of adipose tissue-deposition phenotypes in cattle and pigs.
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Haslam A, Johnson MA, Hausman DB, Cress ME, Houston DK, Davey A, Poon LW. Vitamin D status is associated with grip strength in centenarians. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 33:35-46. [PMID: 24597995 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2013.867825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Low serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) have been associated with poor physical function in older adults, but few, if any, studies have examined this relationship in the very old. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine this relationship in the very old. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were obtained from 194 centenarians and near centenarians (98 years and older). The associations between 25(OH)D concentrations and measures of physical function were evaluated with unadjusted and adjusted regression models. We found that 35% of centenarians had 25(OH)D concentrations less than 50 nmol/L. Adjusted mean grip strength was lower for centenarians with 25(OH)D concentrations less than 75 nmol/L than for centenarians with higher concentrations (P<0.05). However, there were no differences in the Georgia Centenarian Study (GCS) Composite Scale, a global measure of physical function, between those with higher and lower 25(OH)D concentrations. We conclude that low 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with poor grip strength, but not GCS Composite Scale, in the very old. Considering the high burden of poor physical function in older adults, understanding the relationship between vitamin D and different measures of physical function, including strength, becomes increasingly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Haslam
- a Department of Foods and Nutrition , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia , USA
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15
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Freese EC, Gist NH, Acitelli RM, McConnell WJ, Beck CD, Hausman DB, Murrow JR, Cureton KJ, Evans EM. Acute and chronic effects of sprint interval exercise on postprandial lipemia in women at-risk for the metabolic syndrome. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:872-9. [PMID: 25593284 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00380.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals diagnosed with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) exhibit elevated postprandial lipemia (PPL). The aims of this investigation were to determine 1) if an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) attenuates PPL; and 2) if the attenuation of PPL following 6 wk of SIT is magnified compared with a single session of SIT prior to training in women at-risk for MetS (n = 45; 30-65 yr). Women were randomized to SIT (n = 22) or a nonexercise control (n = 23; CON) for 6 wk. Postprandial responses to a high-fat meal challenge (HFMC) were assessed in the CON group before (B-HFMC) and after (Post-HFMC) without prior exercise and in the SIT group at baseline (B-HFMC) without prior exercise, after an acute bout of SIT (four 30-s all-out sprints with 4-min recovery) prior to (Pre-HFMC), and after the 6-wk intervention (Post-HFMC). Responses to the HFMC were assessed by collecting venous blood samples in the fasted state and at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min postprandial. Compared with baseline, an acute bout of SIT before (Pre-HFMC) and after the 6-wk intervention (Post-HFMC) significantly attenuated fasted TG (P < 0.05; 16.6% and 12.3%, respectively) and postprandial area under the curve (13.1% and 9.7%, respectively; tAUC) TG responses. There was no difference in fasted or tAUC TG responses between Pre-HFMC and Post-HFMC. SIT is an effective mode of exercise to reduce fasted and postprandial TG concentrations in women at-risk for MetS. Six weeks of SIT does not magnify the attenuation of PPL in response to a single session of SIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Freese
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia;
| | - Nicholas H Gist
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia; Department of Physical Education, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York
| | | | | | - Catherine D Beck
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Dorothy B Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia; and
| | - Jonathan R Murrow
- Georgia Regents University, University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, Georgia
| | - Kirk J Cureton
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Ellen M Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Berger PK, Pollock NK, Laing EM, Warden SJ, Hill Gallant KM, Hausman DB, Tripp RA, McCabe LD, McCabe GP, Weaver CM, Peacock M, Lewis RD. Association of adenovirus 36 infection with adiposity and inflammatory-related markers in children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:3240-6. [PMID: 24926952 PMCID: PMC4154093 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although animal studies suggest that adenovirus 36 (Ad36) infection is linked to obesity and systemic inflammation, human data are scant and equivocal. OBJECTIVE Associations of Ad36 infection with total body adiposity and inflammatory-related markers were determined in 291 children aged 9-13 years (50% female, 49% black). DESIGN Fasting blood samples were measured for presence of Ad36-specific antibodies and TNF-α, IL-6, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Fat mass and fat-free soft tissue mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS The overall prevalence of Ad36 seropositivity [Ad36(+)] was 42%. There was a higher percentage of Ad36(+) children in the highest tertiles of TNF-α and IL-6 compared with their respective middle and lowest tertiles (both P < .03). There was also a trend toward a higher prevalence of Ad36(+) children in the highest tertile of VEGF compared with tertiles 1 and 2 (P = .05). Multinomial logistic regression, adjusting for age, race, sex, and fat-free soft tissue mass, revealed that compared with children with the lowest TNF-α, IL-6, and VEGF levels (tertile 1), the adjusted odds ratios for Ad36(+) were 2.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-4.0], 2.4 (95% CI 1.4-4.0), and 1.8 (95% CI 1.0-3.3), respectively, for those in the highest TNF-α, IL-6, and VEGF levels (tertile 3). No association was observed between Ad36(+) and greater levels of fat mass or MCP-1 (all P > .05). CONCLUSIONS In children, our data suggest that Ad36(+) may be associated with biomarkers implicated in inflammation but not with greater levels of fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Berger
- Department of Foods and Nutrition (P.K.B., E.M.L., D.B.H., R.D.L.), The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602; Department of Pediatrics (N.K.P.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Physical Therapy (S.J.W.), Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, and Department of Medicine (K.M.H.G., M.P.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Departments of Nutrition Science (K.M.H.G., L.D.M., C.M.W.) and Statistics (G.P.M.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; and Department of Infectious Diseases (R.A.T.), The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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Teems J, Hausman DB, Fischer JG, Lee JS, Johnson MA. Older adults attending Georgia senior centers increase preventive behaviors for falls and fractures following a community-based intervention. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2013; 30:72-85. [PMID: 23286642 DOI: 10.1080/01639366.2011.545042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A community-based intervention to reduce risk factors related to falls and fractures administered to Georgians participating in the Older Americans Act (OAA) congregate meal-site program (N = 691, mean age = 75, 84% female, 45% Black and 55% White, convenience sample) was evaluated. The intervention consisted of 16 weekly sessions, with 8 focused on prevention of falls and fractures, and all 16 including a physical activity component. Interviewer-administered pre- and posttests evaluated fall preventive home safety behavior, intakes of calcium- and vitamin D-rich foods, use of calcium- and vitamin D-containing supplements, and five modifiable fall- and fracture-related risk factors. Following the intervention, there were significant increases in the intake of calcium- and vitamin D-rich foods (p < 0.001), the use of calcium- or vitamin D-containing supplements (p < 0.05), days of week with physical activity (p < 0.001) and fall preventive home safety behaviors (p < 0.001), and decreases in overall modifiable fall- and fracture-related risk factors (≥4 to 5 risk factors: pre: 32% vs. post: 18%; p < .001). This evaluation provides evidence that a multi-factorial fall prevention intervention offered at senior centers and delivered by trained staff can be beneficial for improving behaviors that may contribute to decreasing the risk of falls and fractures in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Teems
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Lewis RD, Laing EM, Hill Gallant KM, Hall DB, McCabe GP, Hausman DB, Martin BR, Warden SJ, Peacock M, Weaver CM. A randomized trial of vitamin D₃ supplementation in children: dose-response effects on vitamin D metabolites and calcium absorption. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:4816-25. [PMID: 24092833 PMCID: PMC3849678 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Changes in serum vitamin D metabolites and calcium absorption with varying doses of oral vitamin D₃ in healthy children are unknown. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine the dose-response effects of supplemental vitamin D₃ on serum vitamin D metabolites and calcium absorption in children living at two U.S. latitudes. DESIGN Black and white children (n = 323) participated in a multisite (U.S. latitudes 34° N and 40° N), triple-masked trial. Children were randomized to receive oral vitamin D₃ (0, 400, 1000, 2000, and 4000 IU/d) and were sampled over 12 weeks in winter. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)₂D) were measured using RIA and intact PTH (iPTH) by immunoradiometric assay. Fractional calcium absorption was determined from an oral stable isotope ⁴⁴Ca (5 mg) in a 150-mg calcium meal. Nonlinear and linear regression models were fit for vitamin D metabolites, iPTH, and calcium absorption. RESULTS The mean baseline 25(OH)D value for the entire sample was 70.0 nmol/L. Increases in 25(OH)D depended on dose with 12-week changes ranging from -10 nmol/L for placebo to 76 nmol/L for 4000 IU. Larger 25(OH)D gains were observed for whites vs blacks at the highest dose (P < .01). Gains for 1,25(OH)₂D were not significant (P = .07), and decreases in iPTH were not dose-dependent. There was no dose effect of vitamin D on fractional calcium absorption when adjusted for pill compliance, race, sex, or baseline 25(OH)D. CONCLUSION Large increases in serum 25(OH)D with vitamin D₃ supplementation did not increase calcium absorption in healthy children living at 2 different latitudes. Supplementation with 400 IU/d was sufficient to maintain wintertime 25(OH)D concentrations in healthy black, but not white, children.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Lewis
- PhD, The University of Georgia, 279 Dawson Hall, Athens, GA 30602.
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Davey A, Dai T, Woodard JL, Miller LS, Gondo Y, Johnson MA, Hausman DB, Martin P, Green RC, Allen RH, Stabler SP, Poon LW. Profiles of cognitive functioning in a population-based sample of centenarians using factor mixture analysis. Exp Aging Res 2013; 39:125-44. [PMID: 23421635 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2013.761869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND/STUDY CONTEXT: The goal of the study was to identify and characterize latent profiles (clusters) of cognitive functioning in centenarians and the psychometric properties of cognitive measures within them. METHODS Data were collected from cross-sectional, population-based sample of 244 centenarians (aged 98 to 108, 15.8% men, 20.5% African American, 38.0% community-dwelling) from 44 counties in northern Georgia participating in the Georgia Centenarian Study (2001-2008). Measures included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Severe Impairment Battery (SIB), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III Similarities subtest (WAIS), Hand Tapping, Behavioral Dyscontrol Scale (BDS), Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), and Fuld Object Memory Evaluation (FOME). The Global Deterioration Rating Scale (GDRS) was used to independently evaluate criterion-related validity for distinguishing cognitively normal and impaired groups. Relevant covariates included directly assessed functional status for basic and instrumental activities of daily living (DAFS), race, gender, educational attainment, Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS), and vision and hearing problems. RESULTS Results suggest two distinct classes of cognitive performance in this centenarian sample. Approximately one third of the centenarians show a pattern of markedly lower cognitive performance on most measures. Group membership is independently well predicted (area under the curve [AUC] = .83) by GDRS scores (sensitivity 67.7%, specificity 82.4%). Membership in the lower cognitive performance group was more likely for individuals who were older, African Americans, had more depressive symptoms, lower plasma folate, carriers of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, facility residents, and individuals who died in the 2 years following interview. CONCLUSIONS In a population expected to have high prevalence of dementia, latent subtypes can be distinguished via factor mixture analysis that provide normative values for cognitive functioning. The present study allows estimates for normative cognitive performance in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Davey
- Department of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
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Warden SJ, Hill KM, Ferira AJ, Laing EM, Martin BR, Hausman DB, Weaver CM, Peacock M, Lewis RD. Racial differences in cortical bone and their relationship to biochemical variables in Black and White children in the early stages of puberty. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:1869-79. [PMID: 23093348 PMCID: PMC4163020 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-012-2174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Osteoporotic fracture rates differ according to race with Blacks having up to half the rate of Whites. The current study demonstrates that racial divergence in cortical bone properties develops in early childhood despite lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in Blacks. INTRODUCTION Racial differences in bone structure likely have roots in childhood as bone size develops predominantly during growth. This study aimed to compare cortical bone health within the tibial diaphysis of Black and White children in the early stages of puberty and explore the contributions of biochemical variables in explaining racial variation in cortical bone properties. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed comparing peripheral quantitative computed tomography-derived cortical bone measures of the tibial diaphysis and biochemical variables in 314 participants (n = 155 males; n = 164 Blacks) in the early stages of puberty. RESULTS Blacks had greater cortical volumetric bone mineral density, mass, and size compared to Whites (all p < 0.01), contributing to Blacks having 17.0 % greater tibial strength (polar strength-strain index (SSIP)) (p < 0.001). Turnover markers indicated that Blacks had higher bone formation (osteocalcin (OC) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase) and lower bone resorption (N-terminal telopeptide) than Whites (all p < 0.01). Blacks also had lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and higher 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) (all p < 0.05). There were no correlations between tibial bone properties and 25(OH)D and PTH in Whites (all p ≥ 0.10); however, SSIP was negatively and positively correlated with 25(OH)D and PTH in Blacks, respectively (all p ≤ 0.02). Variation in bone cross-sectional area and SSIP attributable to race was partially explained by tibial length, 25(OH)D/PTH, and OC. CONCLUSIONS Divergence in tibial cortical bone properties between Blacks and Whites is established by the early stages of puberty with the enhanced cortical bone properties in Black children possibly being explained by higher PTH and OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Warden
- Center for Translational Musculoskeletal Research and Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, 1140 W. Michigan St., CF-326, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Houston DK, Tooze JA, Hausman DB, Johnson MA, Cauley JA, Bauer DC, Tylavsky FA, Harris TB, Kritchevsky SB. 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and adiposity in older black and white adults: the Health ABC study. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.245.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Anderson AK, Silva VR, Lewis RD, Rathbun S, Hausman DB, Bailey LB. Response to short‐term folic acid intake in relation to the body composition of women of reproductive age. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.lb249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mohn E, Vishwanathan R, Lichtenstein AH, Matthan N, Hausman DB, Woodard JL, Davey A, Johnson MA, Poon LW, Green RC, Gearing M, Johnson EJ. The Relationship of Lutein and DHA in Cognitive Function. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.638.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mohn
- Carotenoids & Health LaboratoryTufts UniversityBostonMA
| | | | | | - Nirupa Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition LaboratoryTufts UniversityBostonMA
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Silva VR, Hausman DB, Kauwell GP, Tackett R, Rathbun S, Bailey LB. Obesity affects short‐term folic acid pharmacokinetics in women of childbearing age. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.246.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gail P. Kauwell
- Food Science and Human Nutrition DepartmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | - Randall Tackett
- Department of Clinical and Administrative PharmacyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA
| | - Stephen Rathbun
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA
| | - Lynn B. Bailey
- Department of Foods and NutritionUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA
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Hill KM, Martin BR, Laing EM, Hausman DB, Hall DB, McCabe LD, McCabe GP, Peacock M, Lewis RD, Weaver CM. Vitamin D supplementation in healthy adolescents does not increase calcium absorption. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.358.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emma M Laing
- Foods and NutritionUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA
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Haslam A, Hausman DB, Davey A, Elaine Cress M, Johnson MA, Poon LW. Associations between anemia and physical function in Georgia centenarians. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013; 60:2362-3. [PMID: 23231554 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Houston DK, Tooze JA, Neiberg RH, Hausman DB, Johnson MA, Cauley JA, Bauer DC, Cawthon PM, Shea MK, Schwartz GG, Williamson JD, Tylavsky FA, Visser M, Simonsick EM, Harris TB, Kritchevsky SB. 25-hydroxyvitamin D status and change in physical performance and strength in older adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Am J Epidemiol 2012; 176:1025-34. [PMID: 23118104 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kws147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations are common among older adults and are associated with poorer physical performance and strength, but results from longitudinal studies have been inconsistent. The 25(OH)D threshold for physical performance and strength was determined, and both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between 25(OH)D and physical performance and strength were examined, in men and women aged 71-80 years from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study (n = 2,641). Baseline serum 25(OH)D was measured in 1998-1999, and physical performance and strength were measured at baseline and at 2- and 4-year follow-up. Piecewise regression models were used to determine 25(OH)D thresholds. Linear regression and mixed models were used to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations. The 25(OH)D thresholds were 70-80 nmol/L for physical performance and 55-70 nmol/L for strength. Participants with 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L had poorer physical performance at baseline and at 2- and 4-year follow-up than participants with 25(OH)D ≥75 nmol/L (P < 0.01). Although physical performance and strength declined over 4 years of follow-up (P < 0.0001), in general, the rate of decline was not associated with baseline 25(OH)D. Older adults with low 25(OH)D concentrations had poorer physical performance over 4 years of follow-up, but low 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with a faster rate of decline in physical performance or strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise K Houston
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1207, USA.
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Kritchevsky SB, Tooze JA, Neiberg RH, Schwartz GG, Hausman DB, Johnson MA, Bauer DC, Cauley JA, Shea MK, Cawthon PM, Harris TB, Rubin SM, Tylavsky FA, Houston DK. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and mortality in black and white older adults: the health ABC study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:4156-65. [PMID: 22942386 PMCID: PMC3485585 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and mortality studies have included mostly individuals of European descent. Whether the relationship is similar in Blacks and to what extent differences in 25(OH)D explain racial disparities in mortality is unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between 25(OH)D, PTH, and mortality in Black and white community-dwelling older adults over 8.5 yr of follow-up. DESIGN AND SETTING Health ABC is a prospective cohort study conducted in Memphis, TN, and Pittsburgh, PA. PARTICIPANTS Well-functioning Blacks and whites aged 71-80 yr with measured 25(OH)D and PTH (n = 2638; 49% male, 39% Black) were included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Multivariate-adjusted proportional hazards models estimated the hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer, and noncancer, noncardiovascular mortality (n = 691 deaths). RESULTS Mean 25(OH)D concentrations were higher in whites than in Blacks [mean (sd): 29.0 (9.9) and 20.8 (8.7) ng/ml, respectively; P < 0.001]. Serum 25(OH)D by race interactions were not significant, however. Lower 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with higher mortality in Blacks and whites combined [HR (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.27 (1.59-3.24), 1.48 (1.20-1.84), and 1.25 (1.02-1.52) for < 10, 10 to < 20, and 20 to < 30 vs. ≥30 ng/ml]. In the multivariate model without 25(OH)D, Blacks had 22% higher mortality than whites [HR (95% CI) 1.22 (1.01, 1.48)]; after including 25(OH)D in the model, the association was attenuated [1.09 (0.90-1.33)]. The mortality population attributable risks (95% CI) for 25(OH)D concentrations less than 20 ng/ml and less than 30 ng/ml in Blacks were 16.4% (3.1-26.6%) and 37.7% (11.6-55.1%) and in whites were 8.9% (3.9-12.7%) and 11.1% (-2.7 to 22.0%), respectively. PTH was also associated with mortality [HR (95% CI) 1.80 (1.33-2.43) for ≥70 vs. <23 pg/ml]. CONCLUSIONS Low 25(OH)D and high PTH concentrations were associated with increased mortality in Black and white community-dwelling older adults. Because 25(OH)D concentrations were much lower in Blacks, the potential impact of remediating low 25(OH)D concentrations was greater in Blacks than whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157-1207, USA.
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Hill KM, Laing EM, Hausman DB, Acton A, Martin BR, McCabe GP, Weaver CM, Lewis RD, Peacock M. Bone turnover is not influenced by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in pubertal healthy black and white children. Bone 2012; 51:795-9. [PMID: 22750015 PMCID: PMC4292920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D] is common in healthy children particularly in blacks. However, serum 25 (OH) D concentrations for optimal bone turnover in children is unknown and few data exist that describe effects of increasing serum 25 (OH) D on bone turnover markers during puberty. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between serum 25 (OH) D and changes in serum 25 (OH) D and bone turnover in white and black pubertal adolescents. Bone turnover markers were measured in 318 healthy boys and girls from Georgia (34°N) and Indiana (40°N) who participated in a study of oral vitamin D(3) supplementation (0 to 4000 IU/d). Serum 25 (OH) D, osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase, and urine N-telopeptide cross-links were measured at baseline and 12 weeks. Relationships among baseline 25 (OH) D and bone biomarkers, and between changes over 12 weeks were determined and tested for effects of race, sex, latitude, and baseline 25 (OH) D. Median 25 (OH) D was 27.6 ng/mL (n=318, range 10.1-46.0 ng/mL) at baseline and 34.5 ng/mL (n=302, range 9.7-95.1 ng/mL) at 12 weeks. Neither baseline nor change in 25 (OH) D over 12 weeks was associated with bone turnover. The lack of association was not affected by race, sex, latitude, or baseline serum 25 (OH) D. Serum 25 (OH) D in the range of 10-46 ng/mL appears to be sufficient for normal bone turnover in healthy black and white pubertal adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Hill
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, 541 N. Clinical Drive, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Emma M. Laing
- University of Georgia, Department of Foods and Nutrition, 305 Stanford Drive, Athens, GA
| | - Dorothy B. Hausman
- University of Georgia, Department of Foods and Nutrition, 305 Stanford Drive, Athens, GA
| | - Anthony Acton
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, 541 N. Clinical Drive, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Berdine R. Martin
- Purdue University, Department of Nutrition Science, 700 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN
| | - George P. McCabe
- Purdue University, Department of Statistics, 250 N. University Street, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Connie M. Weaver
- Purdue University, Department of Nutrition Science, 700 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Richard D. Lewis
- University of Georgia, Department of Foods and Nutrition, 305 Stanford Drive, Athens, GA
| | - Munro Peacock
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, 541 N. Clinical Drive, Indianapolis, IN
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Abstract
Glucocorticoids have been shown to be essential for the excessive fat deposition and development of obesity in several animal models. This study was performed to characterize the role of glucocorticoids in the developmental regulation of adipose tissue metabolism. On day 70 of gestation, pig fetuses were hypophysectomized by micro-cauterization. Hypophysectomized fetuses were implanted subcutaneously with hydrocortisone pellets or received no hormone replacement. Fetuses were removed by laparotomy on day 90 of gestation. Additional fetuses were hypophysectomized on day 70, implanted with hydrocortisone pellets on day 90 and removed on day 105 of gestation. Several intact fetuses were also implanted subcutaneously with hydrocortisone pellets during this later gestational period. Serum cortisol concentrations were reduced in hypophysectomized pigs at both fetal ages and were restored to intact levels by hydrocortisone treatment. Hydrocortisone supplementation enhanced lipolytic response to isoproterenol in intact fetuses but failed to restore lipolytic response to isoproterenol in hypophysectomized animals at either fetal age. Hydrocortisone induced a slight increase in lipogenesis in hypophysectomized fetuses when administered from 70 to 90 days of gestation and a more dramatic increase when administered from days 90 to 105 of gestation. However, hydrocortisone had no effect on basal or insulin stimulated lipogenesis in intact fetuses when administered from days 90 to 105 of gestation. These results indicate that hydrocortisone may have a primary influence on adipose tissue metabolism during late fetal development only in the absence of inhibition from counterregulatory hormones of pituitary origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-3622, USA
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Houston DK, Neiberg RH, Tooze JA, Hausman DB, Johnson MA, Cauley JA, Bauer DC, Shea MK, Schwartz GG, Williamson JD, Harris TB, Kritchevsky SB. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D predicts the onset of mobility limitation and disability in community-dwelling older adults: the Health ABC Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 68:181-7. [PMID: 22573914 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is prevalent among older adults and is associated with poor physical function, longitudinal studies examining vitamin D status and physical function are lacking. We examined the association between 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and the onset of mobility limitation and disability over 6 years of follow-up in community-dwelling, initially well-functioning older adults participating in the Health, Aging and Body Composition study (n = 2,099). METHODS Serum 25(OH)D and PTH were measured at the 12-month follow-up visit (1998-1999). Mobility limitation and disability (any/severe difficulty walking 1/4 mile or climbing 10 steps) was assessed semiannually over 6 years of follow-up. The association between 25(OH)D, PTH, and mobility limitation and disability was examined using Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for demographics, season, behavioral characteristics, and chronic conditions. RESULTS At baseline, 28.9% of the participants had 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L and 36.1% had 25(OH)D of 50 to <75 nmol/L. Participants with 25(OH)D <50 and 50 to <75 nmol/L were at greater risk of developing mobility limitation (HR (95% CI): 1.29 (1.04-1.61) and 1.27 (1.05-1.53), respectively) and mobility disability (HR (95% CI): 1.93 (1.32-2.81) and 1.30 (0.92-1.83), respectively) over 6 years of follow-up compared with participants with 25(OH)D ≥75 nmol/L. Elevated PTH, however, was not significantly associated with developing mobility limitation or disability. CONCLUSIONS Low 25(OH)D was associated with an increased risk of mobility limitation and disability in community-dwelling, initially well-functioning black and white older adults. Prevention or treatment of low 25(OH)D may provide a pathway for reducing the burden of mobility disability in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise K Houston
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1207, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in centenarians. DESIGN Cross-sectional, population-based. SETTING Forty-four counties in northern Georgia. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred forty-four centenarians (aged 98-108, 15.8% male, 20.5% African American, 38.0% community dwelling) from the Georgia Centenarian Study (2001-2009). MEASUREMENTS Nonfasting blood samples assessed glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) and relevant clinical parameters. Demographic, diagnosis, and DM complication covariates were assessed. RESULTS 12.5% of centenarians were known to have DM. DM was more prevalent in African Americans (27.7%) than whites (8.6%, P < .001). There were no differences between men (16.7%) and women (11.7%, P = .41) or between centenarians living in the community (10.2%) and in facilities (13.9%, P = .54). DM was more prevalent in overweight and obese (23.1%) than nonoverweight (7.1%, P = .002) centenarians. Anemia (78.6% vs 48.3%, P = .004) and hypertension (79.3% vs 58.6%, P = .04) were more prevalent in centenarians with DM than in those without, and centenarians with DM took more nonhypoglycemic medications (8.6 vs 7.0, P = .02). No centenarians with HbA(1c) of less than 6.5% had random serum glucose levels greater than 200 mg/dL. DM was not associated with 12-month all-cause mortality, visual impairment, amputations, cardiovascular disease, or neuropathy. Thirty-seven percent of centenarians reported onset before age 80 (survivors), 47% between age 80 and 97 (delayers), and 15% aged 98 and older (escapers). CONCLUSION Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality but is seen in persons who live into very old age. Aside from higher rates of anemia and use of more medications, few clinical correlates of DM were observed in centenarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Davey
- Department of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
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Hausman DB, Fischer JG, Johnson MA. Protein, lipid, and hematological biomarkers in centenarians: Definitions, interpretation and relationships with health. Maturitas 2012; 71:205-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Hensley B, Martin P, Margrett JA, MacDonald M, Siegler IC, Poon LW, Jazwinski SM, Green RC, Gearing M, Woodard JL, Johnson MA, Tenover JS, Rodgers WL, Hausman DB, Rott C, Davey A, Arnold J. Life events and personality predicting loneliness among centenarians: findings from the Georgia Centenarian Study. J Psychol 2012; 146:173-88. [PMID: 22303619 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2011.613874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regarding the purpose of this study, the researchers analyzed the roles that both life events (life-time positive events and life-time negative events) and personality (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Trust, Competence, and Ideas) played in participants of the Georgia Centenarian Study. The researchers analyzed these variables to determine whether they predicted loneliness. Analyses indicated that life-time negative events significantly predicted loneliness. In essence, the higher was the number of life-time negative life events, the higher was the loneliness score. Moreover, Neuroticism, Competence, and Ideas were all significant predictors of loneliness. The higher was the level of Neuroticism and intellectual curiosity, the higher was the level of loneliness, whereas the lower was the level of Competence, the higher was the level of loneliness. In addition, both life-time positive and life-time negative life events were significant predictors of Neuroticism. The higher was the number of life-time positive events, the lower was the level of Neuroticism, and the higher was the number of life-time negative events, the greater was the level of Neuroticism. These results indicated that life-time negative events indirectly affect loneliness via Neuroticism. Last, our results indicated that the Competence facet mediated the relationship between lifetime negative life events and loneliness. Life-time negative life events significantly affected centenarians' perceived competence, and Competence in turn significantly affected the centenarians' loneliness. These results as a whole not only add to our understanding of the link between personality and loneliness, but also provide new insight into how life events predict loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Hensley
- The College of Saint Scholastica, Duluth, MN 55811, USA.
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Freese EC, Levine AS, Chapman DP, Hausman DB, Cureton KJ. Effects of acute sprint interval cycling and energy replacement on postprandial lipemia. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 111:1584-9. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00416.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
High postprandial blood triglyceride (TG) levels increase cardiovascular disease risk. Exercise interventions may be effective in reducing postprandial blood TG. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of sprint interval cycling (SIC), with and without replacement of the energy deficit, on postprandial lipemia. In a repeated-measures crossover design, six men and six women participated in three trials, each taking place over 2 days. On the evening of the first day of each trial, the participants either did SIC without replacing the energy deficit (Ex-Def), did SIC and replaced the energy deficit (Ex-Bal), or did not exercise (control). SIC was performed on a cycle ergometer and involved four 30-s all-out sprints with 4-min active recovery. In the morning of day 2, responses to a high-fat meal were measured. Venous blood samples were collected in the fasted state and at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min postprandial. There was a trend toward a reduction with treatment in fasting TG ( P = 0.068), but no significant treatment effect for fasting insulin, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, or betahydroxybutryrate ( P > 0.05). The postprandial area under the curve (mmol·l−1·3 h−1) TG response was significantly lower in Ex-Def (21%, P = 0.006) and Ex-Bal (10%, P = 0.044) than in control, and significantly lower in Ex-Def (12%, P = 0.032) than in Ex-Bal. There was no treatment effect ( P > 0.05) observed for area under the curve responses of insulin, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, or betahydroxybutryrate. SIC reduces postprandial lipemia, but the energy deficit alone does not fully explain the decrease observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Freese
- Metabolism and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Ari S. Levine
- Metabolism and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Donald P. Chapman
- Metabolism and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Dorothy B. Hausman
- Metabolism and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Kirk J. Cureton
- Metabolism and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Hausman DB, Johnson MA, Davey A, Woodard JL, Poon LW, Allen RH, Stabler SP. The oldest old: red blood cell and plasma folate in African American and white octogenarians and centenarians in Georgia. J Nutr Health Aging 2011; 15:744-50. [PMID: 22089222 PMCID: PMC3233985 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the overall folate status of a population-based multi-ethnic sample of octogenarians and centenarians and the specific dietary, demographic and physiological factors associated with observed abnormalities. DESIGN Population-based multiethnic sample of adults aged 80 to 89 and 98 and above. SETTING Northern Georgia, USA. PARTICIPANTS Men and women aged 80 to 89 (octogenarians, n = 77) and 98 and older (centenarians, n = 199). ANALYSES Wilcoxon rank sum tests, and Chi square and logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations of low and high folate status with hematological indicators and other variables of interest. RESULTS The prevalence of low red blood cell (RBC) folate was low overall, but tended to be higher in centenarians than in octogenarians (6.5% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.058; defined as RBC folate < 317 nmol/L). The risk of having lower RBC folate (< 25th vs. > 25th percentile for RBC folate for 60yr+ in NHANES 1999-2000) was greater in association with vitamin B12 deficiency (OR = 5.36; 95%CI: 2.87-10.01), African American race (OR = 4.29; 95%CI: 2.08-8.83), and residence in a skilled nursing facility (OR = 3.25; 95%CI: 1.56-6.78) but was not influenced by age, gender, B-vitamin supplement use, high/low food score or presence of atrophic gastritis. Combined high plasma folate and low vitamin B12 status was present in some individuals (n=11), but was not associated with increased prevalence of anemia or cognitive impairment in this study. CONCLUSIONS Low RBC folate status (< 317 nmol/L) was rare in this post folic acid fortification sample of octogenarians and centenarians. RBC folate status (< 25th percentile) was strongly associated with 1) vitamin B12 deficiency, which has strong implications for vitamin treatment, and 2) with being African American, suggesting racial disparities exist even in the oldest old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy B. Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mary Ann Johnson
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Adam Davey
- College of Health Professions, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John L. Woodard
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Leonard W. Poon
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert H. Allen
- University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sally P. Stabler
- University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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Haslam A, Hausman DB, Johnson MA, Davey A, Poon LW, Allen RH, Stabler SP. Prevalence and predictors of anemia in a population-based study of octogenarians and centenarians in Georgia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011; 67:100-6. [PMID: 21896502 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia has been associated with increased physical and financial costs and occurs more frequently in older individuals. Therefore, the primary objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence and possible predictors of anemia in the very old. METHODS Hemoglobin was used to identify those with anemia in a group of centenarians and near centenarians (98+, n = 185) and octogenarians (n = 69), who were recruited as part of the population-based multidisciplinary Georgia Centenarian Study. Blood markers, including ferritin, vitamin B12, red blood cell folate, methylmalonic acid, creatinine, and C-reactive protein, demographic variables, and medication and/or supplement usage were used to determine possible predictors of anemia. RESULTS The prevalence of anemia was 26.2% in octogenarians and 52.1% in centenarians. Low serum albumin (<3.6 g/dL) and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (<45 mL/min/m(2)) were predictors of anemia in centenarians. CONCLUSIONS Anemia is a major health issue, particularly as people age. Because of the high prevalence of anemia in older individuals, awareness of the predictors associated with anemia becomes increasingly important so as to reduce the negative consequences associated with it and allow for the identification of steps that can be taken to correct anemia, including managing chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Haslam
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, 280 Dawson Hall, Athens, GA 30602.
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Shea MK, Houston DK, Tooze JA, Davis CC, Johnson MA, Hausman DB, Cauley JA, Bauer DC, Tylavsky F, Harris TB, Kritchevsky SB. Correlates and prevalence of insufficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D status in black and white older adults: the health, aging and body composition study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011; 59:1165-74. [PMID: 21668915 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03476.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence and correlates of vitamin D insufficiency in black and white older adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. PARTICIPANTS Nine hundred seventy-seven black and 1,604 white adults aged 70 to 81. MEASUREMENTS Logistic regression and classification and regression tree analysis were used to identify correlates of vitamin D insufficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) <30 ng/mL) separately in blacks and whites. RESULTS The prevalence of 25(OH)D insufficiency was 84% in blacks and 57% in whites. Seventy-six percent of blacks and 56% of whites did not take a multivitamin; those who did not take a multivitamin were more likely to be vitamin D insufficient (odds ratio (OR)=5.17 (95% confidence interval (CI)=3.47-7.70) for blacks; OR=2.56, 95% CI=2.05-3.19 for white). Additional risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency were vitamin D-containing supplement use, female sex, and obesity in blacks; and winter season, low dietary vitamin D intake, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and female sex in whites. CONCLUSION Vitamin D insufficiency was more prevalent in blacks than whites. Not consuming a multivitamin increased the odds of vitamin D insufficiency in blacks and whites. Knowledge of additional risk factors such as dietary intake and comorbid conditions may help identify older adults who are likely to be vitamin D insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kyla Shea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Hausman DB, Johnson MA, Davey A, Poon LW. Body mass index is associated with dietary patterns and health conditions in georgia centenarians. J Aging Res 2011; 2011:138015. [PMID: 21748003 PMCID: PMC3124838 DOI: 10.4061/2011/138015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Associations between body mass index (BMI) and dietary patterns and health conditions were explored in a population-based multiethnic sample of centenarians from northern Georgia. BMI ≤20 and ≥25 was prevalent in 30.9% and 25.3% of study participants, respectively. In a series of logistic regression analyses controlled for gender and place of residence, the probability of having BMI ≥25 was increased by being black versus white and having a low citrus fruit, noncitrus fruit, orange/yellow vegetable or total fruit and vegetable intake. The probability of having BMI ≤20 was not associated with dietary intake. When controlled for race, gender, residence, and total fruit and vegetable intake, BMI ≥25 was an independent risk factor for diabetes or having a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, whereas BMI ≤20 was a risk factor for anemia. Given the many potential adverse consequences of under- and overweight, efforts are needed to maintain a healthy weight, even in the oldest old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy B. Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, 280 Dawson Hall, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Mary Ann Johnson
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, 280 Dawson Hall, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Adam Davey
- Department of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Leonard W. Poon
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Freese EC, Levine AS, Chapman DP, Hausman DB, Cureton KJ. Persistent Effect of Acute Sprint Interval Cycling and Energy Replacement on Postprandial Lipemia. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000402252.92022.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lewis RD, Wong WW, Hausman DB, Fischer JG, Steinberg FM, Murray MJ, Cramer MA, Amato P, Young RL, Barnes S, Ellis KJ, Shypailo RJ, Fraley JK, Konzelmann KL, Smith EOB. Serum 25(OH)D response to soy isoflavone supplementation in postmenopausal women. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.581.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Houston DK, Davis C, Legault C, Hausman DB, Nicklas BJ, Loeser RF, Kritchevsky SB, Messier SP. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and physical function in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.97.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Johnson EJ, Vishwanathan R, Scott TM, Schalch W, Wittwer J, Hausman DB, Davey A, Johnson MA, Green RC, Gearing M, Poon LW. Serum carotenoids as a biomarker for carotenoid concentrations in the brain. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.344.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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Houston DK, Tooze JA, Hausman DB, Johnson MA, Nicklas BJ, Miller ME, Neiberg RH, Marsh AP, Newman AB, Blair SN, Kritchevsky SB. Change in 25-hydroxyvitamin D and physical performance in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011; 66:430-6. [PMID: 21325343 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glq235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is common among older adults and is associated with poor physical performance; however, studies examining longitudinal changes in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and physical performance are lacking. We examined the association between 25(OH)D and physical performance over 12 months in older adults participating in the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Pilot (LIFE-P), a multicenter physical activity intervention trial. METHODS Plasma 25(OH)D and physical performance, assessed by the short physical performance battery (SPPB) and 400-m walk test, were measured at baseline, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up in community-dwelling adults aged 70-89 years at risk for disability (n = 368). Mixed models were used to examine the association between 25(OH)D and physical performance adjusting for demographics, intervention group, season, body mass index, and physical activity. RESULTS One half of the participants were vitamin D deficient (25[OH]D < 20 ng/mL) at baseline. In cross-sectional analyses, vitamin D deficiency was associated with lower SPPB scores and slower 400-m walk speeds (mean difference [SE]: 0.35 [0.16], p = .03 and 0.04 [0.02] m/s, p = .01, respectively). Although baseline 25(OH)D status was not significantly associated with change in physical performance over 12 months, individuals who were vitamin D deficient at baseline but no longer deficient at follow-up had significant improvements in SPPB scores (mean difference [SE]: 0.55 [0.22], p = .01) compared with those whose 25(OH)D status remained the same. CONCLUSION Increases in 25(OH)D to greater than or equal to 20 ng/mL were associated with clinically significant improvements in physical performance among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise K Houston
- Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC 27157-1207, USA.
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Abstract
The oldest old are among the fastest growing segment of the population and it is important to understand not only the influence of modifiable lifestyle factors such as diet and nutrition on the achievement of exceptional longevity but also the role, if any, of these factors on maintaining optimal cognitive, mental and physical health into advanced age. This review summarizes studies of dietary intake and patterns of long-lived peoples and presents current knowledge of nutritional status of centenarians as determined with nutritionally relevant biomarkers, providing information on comparative levels of the various biomarkers between centenarians and older adult controls and on the prevalence and predictors of nutritional deficiencies in centenarians. The studies indicate that BMI and nutritional status as indicated by circulating levels of antioxidant vitamins, vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine and 25(OH) vitamin D of centenarians are quite heterogeneous and influenced by region of residency and many of the demographic, dietary and lifestyle factors that influence nutritional status in other older adults. While many of the studies have been small, convenience samples of relatively healthy community-dwelling centenarians, a few have population-based or included participants of varying cognitive functioning. These and future studies examining associations between nutritional status and cognitive, mental and physical function should be instrumental in determining the role of nutrition in promoting longevity and improving the quality of life in these exceptional survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy B Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, 280 Dawson Hall, Athens, GA, USA.
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Breen ME, Laing EM, Hall DB, Hausman DB, Taylor RG, Isales CM, Ding KH, Pollock NK, Hamrick MW, Baile CA, Lewis RD. 25-hydroxyvitamin D, insulin-like growth factor-I, and bone mineral accrual during growth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:E89-98. [PMID: 20962027 PMCID: PMC3038478 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The extent to which 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and IGF-I influence bone mineral content (BMC) accrual from early to mid-puberty is unclear. OBJECTIVE, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This study sought to determine relationships among 25(OH)D, IGF-I, and BMC in community-dwelling prepubertal females (n = 76; aged 4-8 yr at baseline) over a period of up to 9 yr. DESIGN The hypothesis that changes in IGF-I vs. 25(OH)D are more strongly associated with BMC accrual was formulated after data collection. 25(OH)D and IGF-I were log-transformed and further adjusted using two-way ANOVA for differences in season and race. Linear mixed modeling (including a random subject-specific intercept and a random subject-specific slope on age) was employed to analyze the proportion of variance the transformed 25(OH)D and IGF-I variables explained for the bone outcomes. RESULTS IGF-I was more strongly associated with BMC accrual than 25(OH)D at the total body (R(2) = 0.874 vs. 0.809), proximal femur (R(2) = 0.847 vs. 0.771), radius (R(2) = 0.812 vs. 0.759), and lumbar spine (R(2) = 0.759 vs. 0.698). The rate of BMC accrual was positively associated with changes in IGF-I but negatively associated with 25(OH)D. When IGF-I and 25(OH)D were included in the same regression equation, 25(OH)D did not have a significant predictive effect on BMC accrual above and beyond that of IGF-I. CONCLUSIONS These prospective data in early adolescent females indicate that both 25(OH)D and IGF-I have a significant impact on bone mineral accrual; however, the positive association of IGF-I and BMC accrual is greater than the negative association of 25(OH)D and BMC accrual.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Breen
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Davey A, Elias MF, Siegler IC, Lele U, Martin P, Johnson MA, Hausman DB, Poon LW. Cognitive function, physical performance, health, and disease: norms from the georgia centenarian study. Exp Aging Res 2010; 36:394-425. [PMID: 20845120 PMCID: PMC2941913 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2010.509010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study provides, for the first time, normative data on cognitive functioning and physical performance, health and health behaviors, and diseases from a population-based sample of 244 centenarians and near-centenarians (M age = 100.5 years, range 98-108, 84.8% women, 21.3% African American) from the Georgia Centenarian Study. Data are presented by the four key dimensions of gender, race, residence, and educational attainment. Results illustrate the profound range of functioning in this age group and indicate considerable differences as a function of each dimension. Bivariate models generally suggest that cognitive functioning and physical performance is higher for men than women; whites than African Americans; community than facility residents; and those with more than high school education than those with less than high school education. Multivariate models elaborate that differences in educational attainment generally account for the largest proportion of variance in cognitive functioning and residential status generally accounts for the largest proportion of variance in physical performance measures. Addition of health variables seldom increases variance accounted for in each domain beyond these four dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Davey
- Department of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
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Jazwinski SM, Kim S, Dai J, Li L, Bi X, Jiang JC, Arnold J, Batzer MA, Walker JA, Welsh DA, Lefante CM, Volaufova J, Myers L, Su LJ, Hausman DB, Miceli MV, Ravussin E, Poon LW, Cherry KE, Welsch MA. HRAS1 and LASS1 with APOE are associated with human longevity and healthy aging. Aging Cell 2010; 9:698-708. [PMID: 20569235 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for longevity-determining genes in human has largely neglected the operation of genetic interactions. We have identified a novel combination of common variants of three genes that has a marked association with human lifespan and healthy aging. Subjects were recruited and stratified according to their genetically inferred ethnic affiliation to account for population structure. Haplotype analysis was performed in three candidate genes, and the haplotype combinations were tested for association with exceptional longevity. An HRAS1 haplotype enhanced the effect of an APOE haplotype on exceptional survival, and a LASS1 haplotype further augmented its magnitude. These results were replicated in a second population. A profile of healthy aging was developed using a deficit accumulation index, which showed that this combination of gene variants is associated with healthy aging. The variation in LASS1 is functional, causing enhanced expression of the gene, and it contributes to healthy aging and greater survival in the tenth decade of life. Thus, rare gene variants need not be invoked to explain complex traits such as aging; instead rare congruence of common gene variants readily fulfills this role. The interaction between the three genes described here suggests new models for cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying exceptional survival and healthy aging that involve lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Michal Jazwinski
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Brewer DP, Catlett CS, Porter KN, Lee JS, Hausman DB, Reddy S, Johnson MA. Physical limitations contribute to food insecurity and the food insecurity-obesity paradox in older adults at senior centers in Georgia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 29:150-69. [PMID: 20473810 DOI: 10.1080/01639361003772343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of obesity and physical limitations with food insecurity among Georgians participating in the Older Americans Act (OAA) congregate meal-site program (N = 621, median age = 76 years, 83% female, 36% Black, and 64% White, convenience sample). Food insecurity was assessed using the modified 6-item US Household Food Security Survey Module; obesity was defined as Body Mass Index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) class I or II obesity; and physical limitations (arthritis, joint pain, poor physical function, weight-related disability) were based on the Disablement Process. A series of multivariate logistic regression models found weight-related disability and obesity (WC class II) may be potential risk factors for food insecurity. Thus, obesity and weight-related disability may be risk factors to consider when assessing the risk of food insecurity and the need for food assistance in this vulnerable subgroup of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn P Brewer
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, 280 Dawson Hall, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Clune A, Fischer JG, Lee JS, Reddy S, Johnson MA, Hausman DB. Prevalence and predictors of recommendations to lose weight in overweight and obese older adults in Georgia senior centers. Prev Med 2010; 51:27-30. [PMID: 20382178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence and predictors of health care professional recommendations to lose weight in Older Americans Act Nutrition Program participants in Georgia senior centers who met professional and/or governmental organization criteria for weight loss recommendation. METHODS Demographic, health, and weight loss recommendation information obtained from community-dwelling convenience sample (n=793; 2007-2008) of older adults via interviewer administered questionnaires. RESULTS Approximately 70% of participants met weight loss criteria, but only 36% of them received advice to lose weight in the past year. Report of weight loss recommendation was 52.0% for those 'obese with risks' and 19.8% for those 'overweight with risks'. Recommendation to lose weight was significantly (p<0.05) associated with body mass index, waist circumference risk, younger age, self-reported disability, and urban residence. When controlled for other health and demographic factors, recommendation to lose weight was significantly associated with heart disease, but not other chronic conditions including diabetes, hypertension, or joint pain. CONCLUSION Many older adults who may benefit from weight loss are not receiving advice to do so. Health care professionals need to be aware of this problem to assist community-dwelling older adults in better managing their health to help maintain independence and improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Clune
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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