1
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Nelson CE, Namasivayam S, Foreman TW, Kauffman KD, Sakai S, Dorosky DE, Lora NE, Brooks K, Potter EL, Garza NL, Lafont BAP, Johnson RF, Roederer M, Sher A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, de Wit E, Hickman HD, Brenchley JM, Via LE, Barber DL. Mild SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques is associated with viral control prior to antigen-specific T cell responses in tissues. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabo0535. [PMID: 35271298 PMCID: PMC8995035 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abo0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 primarily replicates in mucosal sites, and more information is needed about immune responses in infected tissues. Here, we used rhesus macaques to model protective primary immune responses in tissues during mild COVID-19. Viral RNA levels were highest on days 1-2 post-infection and fell precipitously thereafter. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid lung abnormalities and interferon (IFN)-activated monocytes and macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were found on days 3-4 post-infection. Virus-specific effector CD8+ and CD4+ T cells became detectable in the BAL and lung tissue on days 7-10, after viral RNA, radiologic evidence of lung inflammation, and IFN-activated myeloid cells had substantially declined. Notably, SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were not detectable in the nasal turbinates, salivary glands, and tonsils on day 10 post-infection. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 replication wanes in the lungs of rhesus macaques prior to T cell responses, and in the nasal and oral mucosa despite the apparent lack of antigen-specific T cells, suggesting that innate immunity efficiently restricts viral replication during mild COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Nelson
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sivaranjani Namasivayam
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Taylor W. Foreman
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keith D. Kauffman
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shunsuke Sakai
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle E. Dorosky
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nickiana E. Lora
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - NIAID/DIR Tuberculosis Imaging Program3†
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Kelsie Brooks
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E. Lake Potter
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole L. Garza
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bernard A. P. Lafont
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Reed F. Johnson
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mario Roederer
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Heather D. Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jason M. Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Daniel L. Barber
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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2
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Mortlock RD, Wu C, Potter EL, Abraham DM, Allan DSJ, Hong SG, Roederer M, Dunbar CE. Tissue Trafficking Kinetics of Rhesus Macaque Natural Killer Cells Measured by Serial Intravascular Staining. Front Immunol 2022; 12:772332. [PMID: 35095846 PMCID: PMC8790741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vivo tissue distribution and trafficking patterns of natural killer (NK) cells remain understudied. Animal models can help bridge the gap, and rhesus macaque (RM) primates faithfully recapitulate key elements of human NK cell biology. Here, we profiled the tissue distribution and localization patterns of three NK cell subsets across various RM tissues. We utilized serial intravascular staining (SIVS) to investigate the tissue trafficking kinetics at steady state and during recovery from CD16 depletion. We found that at steady state, CD16+ NK cells were selectively retained in the vasculature while CD56+ NK cells had a shorter residence time in peripheral blood. We also found that different subsets of NK cells had distinct trafficking kinetics to and from the lymph node as well as other lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. Lastly, we found that following administration of CD16-depleting antibody, CD16+ NK cells and their putative precursors retained a high proportion of continuously circulating cells, suggesting that regeneration of the CD16 NK compartment may take place in peripheral blood or the perivascular compartments of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryland D Mortlock
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Chuanfeng Wu
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - E Lake Potter
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Diana M Abraham
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David S J Allan
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - So Gun Hong
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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3
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Conlon K, Watson DC, Waldmann TA, Valentin A, Bergamaschi C, Felber BK, Peer CJ, Figg WD, Potter EL, Roederer M, McNeel DG, Thompson JA, Gupta S, Leidner R, Wang-Gillam A, Parikh NS, Long D, Kurtulus S, Ho Lee L, Chowdhury NR, Bender F, Pavlakis GN. Phase I study of single agent NIZ985, a recombinant heterodimeric IL-15 agonist, in adult patients with metastatic or unresectable solid tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003388. [PMID: 34799399 PMCID: PMC8606766 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NIZ985 is a recombinant heterodimer of physiologically active interleukin (IL-)15 and IL-15 receptor alpha. In preclinical models, NIZ985 promotes cytotoxic lymphocyte proliferation, killing function, and organ/tumor infiltration, with resultant anticancer effects. In this first-in-human study, we assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics, and immune effects of NIZ985 in patients with metastatic or unresectable solid tumors. Methods Single agent NIZ985 dose escalation data are reported from a phase I dose escalation/expansion study of NIZ985 as monotherapy. Adult patients (N=14) received 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 µg/kg subcutaneous NIZ985 three times weekly (TIW) for the first 2 weeks of each 28-day cycle, in an accelerated 3+3 dose escalation trial design. IL-15 and endogenous cytokines were monitored by ELISA and multiplexed electrochemiluminescent assays. Multiparameter flow cytometry assessed the frequency, phenotype and proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Preliminary antitumor activity was assessed by overall response rate (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors V.1.1). Results As of March 2, 2020, median treatment duration was 7.5 weeks (range 1.1–77.1). Thirteen patients had discontinued and one (uveal melanoma) remains on treatment with stable disease. Best clinical response was stable disease (3 of 14 patients; 21%). The most frequent adverse events (AEs) were circular erythematous injection site reactions (100%), chills (71%), fatigue (57%), and fever (50%). Treatment-related grade 3/4 AEs occurred in six participants (43%); treatment-related serious AEs (SAEs) in three (21%). The per-protocol maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Pharmacokinetic accumulation of serum IL-15 in the first week was followed by significantly lower levels in week 2, likely due to more rapid cytokine consumption by an expanding lymphocyte pool. NIZ985 treatment was associated with increases in several cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-18, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10, and tumor necrosis factor-β, plus significant induction of cytotoxic lymphocyte proliferation (including natural killer and CD8+ T cells), increased CD16+ monocytes, and increased CD163+ macrophages at injection sites. Conclusions Subcutaneous NIZ985 TIW was generally well tolerated in patients with advanced cancer and produced immune activation paralleling preclinical observations, with induction of IFN-γ and proliferation of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Due to delayed SAEs at the two highest dose levels, administration is being changed to once-weekly in a revised protocol, as monotherapy and combined with checkpoint inhibitor spartalizumab. These alterations are expected to maximize the potential of NIZ985 as a novel immunotherapy. Trial registration number NCT02452268.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Conlon
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dionysios C Watson
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.,University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas A Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Antonio Valentin
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Cristina Bergamaschi
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Barbara K Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Cody J Peer
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William D Figg
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - E Lake Potter
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Douglas G McNeel
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Sumati Gupta
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rom Leidner
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Andrea Wang-Gillam
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nehal S Parikh
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Debby Long
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sema Kurtulus
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lang Ho Lee
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Florent Bender
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George N Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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4
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Tkachev V, Kaminski J, Potter EL, Furlan SN, Yu A, Hunt DJ, McGuckin C, Zheng H, Colonna L, Gerdemann U, Carlson J, Hoffman M, Olvera J, English C, Baldessari A, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Watkins B, Qayed M, Suessmuth Y, Betz K, Bratrude B, Langston A, Horan JT, Ordovas-Montanes J, Shalek AK, Blazar BR, Roederer M, Kean LS. Spatiotemporal single-cell profiling reveals that invasive and tissue-resident memory donor CD8 + T cells drive gastrointestinal acute graft-versus-host disease. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/576/eabc0227. [PMID: 33441422 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organ infiltration by donor T cells is critical to the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in recipients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HCT). However, deconvoluting the transcriptional programs of newly recruited donor T cells from those of tissue-resident T cells in aGVHD target organs remains a challenge. Here, we combined the serial intravascular staining technique with single-cell RNA sequencing to dissect the tightly connected processes by which donor T cells initially infiltrate tissues and then establish a pathogenic tissue residency program in a rhesus macaque allo-HCT model that develops aGVHD. Our results enabled creation of a spatiotemporal map of the transcriptional programs controlling donor CD8+ T cell infiltration into the primary aGVHD target organ, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We identified the large and small intestines as the only two sites demonstrating allo-specific, rather than lymphodepletion-driven, T cell infiltration. GI-infiltrating donor CD8+ T cells demonstrated a highly activated, cytotoxic phenotype while simultaneously developing a canonical tissue-resident memory T cell (TRM) transcriptional signature driven by interleukin-15 (IL-15)/IL-21 signaling. We found expression of a cluster of genes directly associated with tissue invasiveness, including those encoding adhesion molecules (ITGB2), specific chemokines (CCL3 and CCL4L1) and chemokine receptors (CD74), as well as multiple cytoskeletal proteins. This tissue invasion transcriptional signature was validated by its ability to discriminate the CD8+ T cell transcriptome of patients with GI aGVHD from those of GVHD-free patients. These results provide insights into the mechanisms controlling tissue occupancy of target organs by pathogenic donor CD8+ TRM cells during aGVHD in primate transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tkachev
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - James Kaminski
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - E Lake Potter
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20858, USA
| | - Scott N Furlan
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alison Yu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel J Hunt
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Connor McGuckin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hengqi Zheng
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lucrezia Colonna
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ulrike Gerdemann
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Michelle Hoffman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Joe Olvera
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chris English
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | | | - Muna Qayed
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Kayla Betz
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brandi Bratrude
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - John T Horan
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20858, USA
| | - Leslie S Kean
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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5
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Potter EL, Gideon HP, Tkachev V, Fabozzi G, Chassiakos A, Petrovas C, Darrah PA, Lin PL, Foulds KE, Kean LS, Flynn JL, Roederer M. Measurement of leukocyte trafficking kinetics in macaques by serial intravascular staining. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/576/eabb4582. [PMID: 33441427 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb4582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte trafficking enables detection of pathogens, immune responses, and immune memory. Dysregulation of leukocyte trafficking is often found in disease, highlighting its important role in homeostasis and the immune response. Whereas some of the molecular mechanisms mediating leukocyte trafficking are understood, little is known about the regulation of trafficking, including trafficking kinetics and its impact on immune homeostasis. We developed a method of serial intravascular staining (SIVS) to measure trafficking kinetics in nonhuman primates using infusions of fluorescently labeled antibodies to label circulating leukocytes. Because antibody infusions labeled only leukocytes in the blood, cells were "barcoded" according to their location at the time of each infusion, providing positional histories that could be used to infer trafficking kinetics. We used SIVS and multiparameter flow cytometry to quantitate cellular trafficking into lymphoid tissues of healthy animals at homeostasis and to identify perivascular cells that could be unique to nonlymphoid organs. To investigate how these parameters could be influenced during disease, SIVS was used to quantify lymphocyte trafficking in macaques infected with the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to enumerate intravascular leukocytes in lung granulomas. We showed that whereas most cells in lung granulomas were localized there for more than 24 hours, granulomas were dynamic with a slow continual cellular influx, the rate of which predicted clearance of M. tuberculosis from the granulomas. SIVS, in combination with intracellular staining and multiparametric flow cytometry, is a powerful method to quantify the kinetics of leukocyte trafficking in nonhuman primates in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lake Potter
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hannah P Gideon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Victor Tkachev
- Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Giulia Fabozzi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander Chassiakos
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patricia A Darrah
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Kathryn E Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leslie S Kean
- Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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6
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Conlon KC, Potter EL, Pittaluga S, Lee CCR, Miljkovic MD, Fleisher TA, Dubois S, Bryant BR, Petrus M, Perera LP, Hsu J, Figg WD, Peer CJ, Shih JH, Yovandich JL, Creekmore SP, Roederer M, Waldmann TA. IL15 by Continuous Intravenous Infusion to Adult Patients with Solid Tumors in a Phase I Trial Induced Dramatic NK-Cell Subset Expansion. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4945-4954. [PMID: 31142503 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The first-in-human clinical trial with human bolus intravenous infusion IL15 (rhIL15) was limited by treatment-associated toxicity. Here, we report toxicity, immunomodulation, and clinical activity of rhIL15 administered as a 10-day continuous intravenous infusion (CIV) to patients with cancers in a phase I trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received treatment for 10 days with CIV rhIL15 in doses of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 μg/kg/day. Correlative laboratory tests included IL15 pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses, and assessment of changes in lymphocyte subset numbers. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients were treated with rhIL15; 2 μg/kg/day was identified as the MTD. There were eight serious adverse events including two bleeding events, papilledema, uveitis, pneumonitis, duodenal erosions, and two deaths (one due to likely drug-related gastrointestinal ischemia). Evidence of antitumor effects was observed in several patients, but stable disease was the best response noted. Patients in the 2 μg/kg/day group had a 5.8-fold increase in number of circulating CD8+ T cells, 38-fold increase in total NK cells, and 358-fold increase in CD56bright NK cells. Serum IL15 concentrations were markedly lower during the last 3 days of infusion. CONCLUSIONS This phase I trial identified the MTD for CIV rhIL15 and defined a treatment regimen that produced significant expansions of CD8+ T and NK effector cells in circulation and tumor deposits. This regimen has identified several biological features, including dramatic increases in numbers of NK cells, supporting trials of IL15 with anticancer mAbs to increase antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and anticancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Conlon
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - E Lake Potter
- ImmunoTechnology Section Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Milos D Miljkovic
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Thomas A Fleisher
- NIH Clinical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sigrid Dubois
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bonita R Bryant
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael Petrus
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Liyanage P Perera
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jennifer Hsu
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William D Figg
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cody J Peer
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joanna H Shih
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jason L Yovandich
- Biological Resources Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Developmental Therapeutics Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Stephen P Creekmore
- Biological Resources Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Developmental Therapeutics Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Mario Roederer
- ImmunoTechnology Section Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Thomas A Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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7
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Zhu C, Dukhovlinova E, Council O, Ping L, Faison EM, Prabhu SS, Potter EL, Upton SL, Yin G, Fay JM, Kincer LP, Spielvogel E, Campbell SL, Benhabbour SR, Ke H, Swanstrom R, Dokholyan NV. Rationally designed carbohydrate-occluded epitopes elicit HIV-1 Env-specific antibodies. Nat Commun 2019; 10:948. [PMID: 30814513 PMCID: PMC6393580 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An array of carbohydrates masks the HIV-1 surface protein Env, contributing to the evasion of humoral immunity. In most HIV-1 isolates ‘glycan holes’ occur due to natural sequence variation, potentially revealing the underlying protein surface to the immune system. Here we computationally design epitopes that mimic such surface features (carbohydrate-occluded neutralization epitopes or CONE) of Env through ‘epitope transplantation’, in which the target region is presented on a carrier protein scaffold with preserved structural properties. Scaffolds displaying the four CONEs are examined for structure and immunogenicity. Crystal structures of two designed proteins reflect the computational models and accurately mimic the native conformations of CONEs. The sera from rabbits immunized with several CONE immunogens display Env binding activity. Our method determines essential structural elements for targets of protective antibodies. The ability to design immunogens with high mimicry to viral proteins also makes possible the exploration of new templates for vaccine development. Areas of HIV envelope (Env) that aren’t covered by glycans are potential targets for antibodies. Here, the authors computationally design small protein mimics of four such epitopes and show that they can induce Env binding antibodies in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Departments of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, USA
| | - Elena Dukhovlinova
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Olivia Council
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Lihua Ping
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Edgar M Faison
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Shamit S Prabhu
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - E Lake Potter
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Stephen L Upton
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Guowei Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - James M Fay
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Laura P Kincer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ean Spielvogel
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Sharon L Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - S Rahima Benhabbour
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,UNC-NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hengming Ke
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ronald Swanstrom
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Departments of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, USA. .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,UNC-NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, USA.
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8
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Tkachev V, Furlan SN, Potter EL, Zheng BH, Hunt DJ, Colonna L, Taraseviciute A, Carlson J, Betz K, Yu A, Hoffman M, Herrin S, Olvera J, Littlewood C, Blazar BR, Roederer M, Kean LS. Delineating tissue-specific alloimmunity during acute GVHD. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.55.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
After allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), donor T cells undergo priming in secondary lymphoid tissues followed by migration to different target organs, where they mediate inflammation and cause acute Graft-versus-Host Disease (aGVHD). Here, we characterized T cells infiltrating GVHD-target organs using a model of aGVHD in non-human primates in order to delineate tissue-specific patterns of the alloimmune response. We found that aGVHD profoundly shifted the T cell phenotype from the naïve state toward an effector-memory state in both the blood and secondary lymphoid organs, with an attenuated shift in non-lymphoid organs. However, in all compartments, tissue-infiltrating T cells demonstrated an aGVHD-specific activated phenotype characterized by a high rate of proliferation and elevated effector functions. In addition, transcriptomic profiles of aGVHD- and tissue-residency developed in T cells residing the colon, liver and lungs as well as in the blood. To further delineate the patterns of T cell trafficking and activation during aGVHD, we directly labeled leukocytes in vivo using fluorescent anti-CD45 antibodies. Using this approach, we detected notable changes in T cell trafficking patterns which included increased T cell trafficking to lymph nodes, lungs and kidneys after allo-HCT, with rates of T cell migration to the GI tract unchanged even during aGVHD. These data provides novel insights into the spatial organization of systemic alloimmunity during aGVHD and the organ-specific impact of this disease on T cell trafficking, activation and functional maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alison Yu
- 1Seattle Children’s Research Institute
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leslie S. Kean
- 1Seattle Children’s Research Institute
- 4Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
- 5University of Washington
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9
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Zhu C, Dukhovlinova E, Council O, Benhabbour SR, Ping L, Potter EL, Kincer LP, Swanstrom R, Dokholyan NV. Elicitation of HIV‐specific Antibodies Targeting The Carbohydrate‐Occluded Neutralization Epitopes Through Rational Protein Design. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.798.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhu
- Biochemistry and BiophysicsThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - Elena Dukhovlinova
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - Olivia Council
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - S. Rahima Benhabbour
- Eshelman School of PharmacyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - Lihua Ping
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - E. Lake Potter
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - Laura P. Kincer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - Ronald Swanstrom
- Biochemistry and BiophysicsThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Biochemistry and BiophysicsThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
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10
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Wu C, Espinoza DA, Koelle SJ, Potter EL, Lu R, Li B, Yang D, Fan X, Donahue RE, Roederer M, Dunbar CE. Geographic clonal tracking in macaques provides insights into HSPC migration and differentiation. J Exp Med 2017; 215:217-232. [PMID: 29141868 PMCID: PMC5748860 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Wu et al. use barcode tracking to uncover prolonged geographic bone marrow segregation of regenerating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell clones after transplantation and provide evidence for local bone marrow production of T cells. The geographic distribution of hematopoiesis at a clonal level is of interest in understanding how hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and their progeny interact with bone marrow (BM) niches during regeneration. We tagged rhesus macaque autologous HSPCs with genetic barcodes, allowing clonal tracking over time and space after transplantation. We found marked geographic segregation of CD34+ HSPCs for at least 6 mo posttransplantation, followed by very gradual clonal mixing at different BM sites over subsequent months to years. Clonal mapping was used to document local production of granulocytes, monocytes, B cells, and CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells. In contrast, CD16+CD56− NK cells were not produced in the BM, and in fact were clonally distinct from multipotent progenitors producing all other lineages. Most surprisingly, we documented local BM production of CD3+ T cells early after transplantation, using both clonal mapping and intravascular versus tissue-resident T cell staining, suggesting a thymus-independent T cell developmental pathway operating during BM regeneration, perhaps before thymic recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng Wu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Diego A Espinoza
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Samson J Koelle
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - E Lake Potter
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brian Li
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Di Yang
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.,Institute of hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert E Donahue
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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11
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Potter EL, Barnes SL, Chunilal SD. Acute adrenal failure due to bilateral adrenal haemorrhage associated with lupus anticoagulant antibodies. Intern Med J 2015; 45:119-20. [PMID: 25582944 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E L Potter
- Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Ping LH, Joseph SB, Anderson JA, Abrahams MR, Salazar-Gonzalez JF, Kincer LP, Treurnicht FK, Arney L, Ojeda S, Zhang M, Keys J, Potter EL, Chu H, Moore P, Salazar MG, Iyer S, Jabara C, Kirchherr J, Mapanje C, Ngandu N, Seoighe C, Hoffman I, Gao F, Tang Y, Labranche C, Lee B, Saville A, Vermeulen M, Fiscus S, Morris L, Karim SA, Haynes BF, Shaw GM, Korber BT, Hahn BH, Cohen MS, Montefiori D, Williamson C, Swanstrom R. Comparison of viral Env proteins from acute and chronic infections with subtype C human immunodeficiency virus type 1 identifies differences in glycosylation and CCR5 utilization and suggests a new strategy for immunogen design. J Virol 2013; 87:7218-33. [PMID: 23616655 PMCID: PMC3700278 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03577-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission is central to developing effective prevention strategies, including a vaccine. We compared phenotypic and genetic variation in HIV-1 env genes from subjects in acute/early infection and subjects with chronic infections in the context of subtype C heterosexual transmission. We found that the transmitted viruses all used CCR5 and required high levels of CD4 to infect target cells, suggesting selection for replication in T cells and not macrophages after transmission. In addition, the transmitted viruses were more likely to use a maraviroc-sensitive conformation of CCR5, perhaps identifying a feature of the target T cell. We confirmed an earlier observation that the transmitted viruses were, on average, modestly underglycosylated relative to the viruses from chronically infected subjects. This difference was most pronounced in comparing the viruses in acutely infected men to those in chronically infected women. These features of the transmitted virus point to selective pressures during the transmission event. We did not observe a consistent difference either in heterologous neutralization sensitivity or in sensitivity to soluble CD4 between the two groups, suggesting similar conformations between viruses from acute and chronic infection. However, the presence or absence of glycosylation sites had differential effects on neutralization sensitivity for different antibodies. We suggest that the occasional absence of glycosylation sites encoded in the conserved regions of env, further reduced in transmitted viruses, could expose specific surface structures on the protein as antibody targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Ping
- UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah B. Joseph
- UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Anderson
- UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melissa-Rose Abrahams
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Services, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Laura P. Kincer
- UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Florette K. Treurnicht
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Services, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leslie Arney
- UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suany Ojeda
- UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Theoretical Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica Keys
- UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - E. Lake Potter
- UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Haitao Chu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Penny Moore
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maria G. Salazar
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Shilpa Iyer
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cassandra Jabara
- UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer Kirchherr
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Nobubelo Ngandu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Services, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Irving Hoffman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yuyang Tang
- UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Celia Labranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew Saville
- South African National Blood Service, Weltevreden Park, South Africa
| | - Marion Vermeulen
- South African National Blood Service, Weltevreden Park, South Africa
| | - Susan Fiscus
- UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lynn Morris
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Salim Abdool Karim
- Center for AIDS Program Research in South Africa, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - George M. Shaw
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bette T. Korber
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Beatrice H. Hahn
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Myron S. Cohen
- UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carolyn Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Services, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ronald Swanstrom
- UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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13
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Abstract
1. The theory of six allelic genes is reviewed, using the new improved nomenclature, and data are summarized regarding the distributions of the eight Rh types among white and negro individuals in New York City. 2. Results are presented of tests for property Hr in a series of 239 white individuals and 49 negroes. Statistical analysis of these data yields results supporting Race and Taylor's hypothesis that anti-Hr sera react with the blood properties determined by the genes Rh2, Rh'' Rho, and rh, but not with the factors determined by genes Rh1 and Rh'. 3. The practical importance of the Hr factor is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Wiener
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of the City of New York, the Mount Sinai Hospital of Chicago, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of The University of Chicago
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Potter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois
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15
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Potter EL. Reminiscences of a perinatologist. JAMA 1989; 262:2891-3. [PMID: 2681851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E L Potter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Ill
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16
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Potter EL, Muller RD, Wray MI, Carroll LH, Meyer RM. Effect of monensin on the performance of cattle on pasture or fed harvested forages in confinement. J Anim Sci 1986; 62:583-92. [PMID: 3700257 DOI: 10.2527/jas1986.623583x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Three series of trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of monensin on the growth performance of cattle. Twenty-four trials were conducted to evaluate the addition of monensin at 200 mg/d to limited quantities of supplemental concentrate for growing cattle grazing pastures. The pastures ranged from dormant end-of-the-season grasses and crop residues to lush green pastures, and were located in several different states. Pasture plus supplement supported gains of control cattle (without monensin) of .24 to .96 kg, with an average of .56 kg/d. The addition of 200 mg monensin to the supplement increased daily gain in all 24 trials by an average of .09 kg daily (+16.3%). Eleven trials were conducted with monensin and energy supplements fed at .907 kg.- head-1 X d-1 to growing cattle grazing growing, nondormant pastures for an average period of 117 d. Each trial was designed to compare the performance of unsupplemented cattle, cattle fed a supplement and cattle fed a supplement with monensin. Cattle on pasture gained .50 kg daily. Supplement feeding increased average daily gain by .09 kg and the addition of monensin to the supplement further increased gain by .09 kg, for a total increase of .18 kg (34.2%). The efficiencies with which supplemental feed was converted to extra gain (kg supplement/kg gain) for the supplement-only and the monensin treatment groups were 10.1:1 and 5.0:1, respectively. In a series of 12 trials, monensin was added at a level of 33 mg/kg air-dry diet to limited quantities of supplemental feed for cattle fed harvested forages in confinement. All trials compared monensin feeding with a nonmedicated control treatment. Hay was fed in 8 of the 12 trials, fresh-cut green-chop in two trials and ensiled corn stover and ensiled milo stover in one trial each. Monensin reduced feed intake by -3.1%, improved average daily gain by .09 kg (+14.4%) and improved feed efficiency by 15.3%.
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17
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Muller RD, Potter EL, Wray MI, Richardson LF, Grueter HP. Administration of monensin in self-fed (salt limiting) dry supplements or on an alternate-day feeding schedule. J Anim Sci 1986; 62:593-600. [PMID: 3700258 DOI: 10.2527/jas1986.623593x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two series of trials were conducted to evaluate alternative methods of administering monensin to pasture cattle. In a series of five trials, monensin was incorporated into supplements at 440 mg/kg to provide an average intake of 200 mg X head-1 X d-1 for growing cattle on pasture. Comparisons were made between daily and alternate-day feeding of the supplements. A control treatment consisting of unmedicated supplement fed daily also was included. Monensin at 200 mg/d and 400 mg on alternate days increased gain by .077 (P less than .01) and .082 (P less than .01) kg/d above control-cattle gains (.54 kg daily). Nine pasture trials were conducted to compare the effectiveness of monensin in increasing the daily gain of growing cattle when hand-fed daily in a supplement or self-fed in supplements that contained salt to regulate supplement intake. Desired supplement intakes were approximately .454 kg X head-1 X d-1 in six trials, .68 kg/d in one trial and 1.81 kg/d in two trials. Monensin produced gain increases of .09 kg daily (P less than .01) with both feeding systems. The daily gains of cattle that were hand-fed and self-fed were equal (P greater than .10). Self-fed treatments containing monensin required fewer changes in salt level than self-fed treatments not containing monensin, and the salt levels required to limit intake were generally 25 to 50% lower when monensin was in the supplement.
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Potter EL, Wray MI, Muller RD, Grueter HP, McAskill J, Young DC. Effect of monensin and tylosin on average daily gain, feed efficiency and liver abscess incidence in feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 1985; 61:1058-65. [PMID: 4077750 DOI: 10.2527/jas1985.6151058x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fourteen trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding monensin at 33 ppm alone, tylosin at 11 ppm alone and the two feed additives in combination on the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, feed:gain ratio and the incidence of liver abscesses in feedlot cattle. Monensin reduced feed intake and improved feed efficiency (P less than .05), and had no effect on average daily gain. Tylosin improved average daily gain (P less than .05) and had no effect on daily feed intake. The effect of tylosin on feed efficiency approached significance. The interaction of monensin and tylosin was nonsignificant for daily gain, daily feed intake and feed:gain ratio. Monensin had no effect on liver abscess incidence, while tylosin reduced abscess incidence from 27 to 9%.
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Abstract
Monensin has been tested to determine its toxicity and safety in cattle. Single dose acute toxicity and signs associated with toxicity were determined by oral gavage, 7-d oral gavage and feeding experiments with high concentrations of monensin in feed. Oral feeding studies indicated a near complete anorexia resulting from intake of sublethal amounts of monensin. In these cases, cattle recovered from the insulting dose and resumed growth and feed intake. In long-term chronic feedlot, pasture supplement, and reproduction safety studies conducted with monensin administered in the feed, the high concentrations caused cattle to show signs of mild monensin intoxication. Mortality resulted from feeding groups of cattle large quantities of monensin in small quantities of feed. Furthermore, these studies have demonstrated no detrimental effects upon reproduction. Collectively, these studies indicate that the greatest risk of intoxication occurs when cattle first receive a feed containing monensin. Mixing errors and misuse situations under actual use conditions have resulted in cases of cattle mortality. In most cases the mortality was predictable based upon the exposure in controlled studies.
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Baile CA, McLaughlin CL, Chalupa WV, Snyder DL, Pendlum LC, Potter EL. Effects of monensin fed to replacement dairy heifers during the growing and gestation period upon growth, reproduction, and subsequent lactation. J Dairy Sci 1982; 65:1941-4. [PMID: 7174962 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(82)82442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sixty Holstein heifers initially weighing 196 kg were assigned by weight to treatments of 0, 200, and 600 mg of monensin. These treatments were fed daily until calving to determine effects of monensin on growth rate, feed consumption, feed efficiency, reproductive performance, and subsequent lactation. Throughout the feeding period the control (0 mg) heifers received sufficient feed to allow a calculated growth rate of .68 kg/day. Monensin treatment groups were fed the same amount of the identical ration over the 448-day experiment. Daily gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency for the 0, 200, and 600 mg treatments were .60, .69, .69 kg, 7.47, 7.46, 7.43 kg, and 12.41, 10.81, 10.81. Although days on trial to first estrus were not different among treatment groups, heifers fed monensin at 200 and 600 mg/day conceived 38 and 34 days sooner than 0 mg heifers. Percent conception, number of calves born, calf birth weight, and calving difficulty were not affected by treatment. Milk production was measured for 120 days subsequent to the experimental feeding of monensin. During this period heifers were fed a common ration ad libitum. Milk production of 17.1, 16.9, and 17.0 kg/day for 0, 200, and 600 mg was not affected by prior treatment.
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Baile CA, McLaughlin CL, Potter EL, Chalupa W. Feeding behavior changes of cattle during introduction of monensin with roughage or concentrate diets. J Anim Sci 1979; 48:1501-8. [PMID: 479044 DOI: 10.2527/jas1979.4861501x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Grueter HP, Elliston NG, McAskill JW, Potter EL. Effect of Rumensin on feed efficiency of cattle. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 1976; 71:198-200. [PMID: 1044479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Dehority BA, Potter EL. Diplodinium flabellum: occurrence and numbers in the rumen of sheep with a description of two new subspecies. J Protozool 1974; 21:686-93. [PMID: 4217370 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Dearth RN, Dehority BA, Potter EL. Rumen microbial numbers in lambs as affected by level of feed intake and dietary diethylstilestrol. J Anim Sci 1974; 38:991-6. [PMID: 4207834 DOI: 10.2527/jas1974.385991x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Potter EL, Dehority BA. Effects of changes in feed level, starvation, and level of feed after starvation upon the concentration of rumen protozoa in the ovine. Appl Microbiol 1973; 26:692-8. [PMID: 4202706 PMCID: PMC379886 DOI: 10.1128/am.26.5.692-698.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Four rumen fistulated sheep were used in five experiments to investigate the effect of feed level upon the concentration of rumen ciliate protozoa. The sheep were fed once daily 650 g of a pelleted diet composed of corn cobs, 45%; alfalfa meal, 35%; oats, 12.5%; cane molasses, 5%; urea, 0.4%; and vitamins and minerals, 2%. The concentration of protozoa reached minimum and maximum values at 5 and 22.5 h after feeding, respectively. Thus, to estimate apparent generation rates, concentrations of protozoa were determined at 5 and 20 h postfeeding. Apparent generation rate/h = natural log of ([concentration of protozoa at 20 h divided by concentration at 5 h] divided by the time interval, [T20 to T5]). Alteration of the feed to protozoa ratio by starvation and by changing the level of feed (200 to 900 g/day) showed that as the ratio of feed to protozoa increased, generation rate increased. Measurements of liquid turnover rates in the rumen showed that turnover rate decreased as feed level decreased. Turnover rate was near zero when the sheep were starved. Small quantities of soluble substrates, added directly to the rumen of starved sheep, maintained the protozoal population when rumen turnover was minimal. Furthermore, as rumen turnover rate increased with increased levels of feed, the effect of substrate on maintaining the protozoal population was negated. Thus, at high feed levels, turnover rate may be the dominant factor controlling the establishment and concentration of protozoa in the rumen.
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Potter EL. In memoriam. Fred L. Adair 1878-1972. J Reprod Med 1972; 8:348-9. [PMID: 4556862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Potter EL, Davis ME. Perinatal mortality. The Chicago Lying-in Hospital, 1931-1966. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1969; 105:335-48. [PMID: 5817884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Osathanondh V, Potter EL. Development of human kidney as shown by microdissection. V. Development of vascular pattern of glomerulus. Arch Pathol 1966; 82:403-11. [PMID: 5923463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Osathanondh V, Potter EL. Development of human kidney as shown by microdissection. IV. Development of tubular portions of nephrons. Arch Pathol 1966; 82:391-402. [PMID: 5923462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Potter EL. Congenital malformations with special reference to cysts in the kidneys. Mich Med 1966; 65:194-5. [PMID: 5948303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Allen G, Benda CE, Böök JA, Carter CO, Ford CE, Chu EH, Hanhart E, Jervis G, Langdon-Down W, Lejeune J, Nishimura H, Oster J, Penrose LS, Polani PE, Potter EL, Stern C, Turpin R, Warkany J, Yannet H. Mongolism. Am J Hum Genet 1961; 13:426. [PMID: 17948460 PMCID: PMC1932135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
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Potter EL, Parrish JM. Neuroblastoma, Ganglioneuroma and Fibroneuroma in a Stillborn Fetus. Am J Pathol 1942; 18:141-151. [PMID: 19970612 PMCID: PMC2032911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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