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Iliff HA, Ahmad I, Evans S, Ingham J, Rees G, Woodford C. Utilising 3D printing in assessment of anticipated difficult airways. Anaesth Rep 2023; 11:e12232. [PMID: 37255967 PMCID: PMC10225466 DOI: 10.1002/anr3.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. A. Iliff
- Department of AnaesthesiaPrince Charles Hospital, Cwm Taf Morgannwg UHBWalesUK
| | - I. Ahmad
- Department of AnaesthesiaGuy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Kings CollegeLondonUK
| | - S. Evans
- Department of Maxillofacial and Dental SurgeryPrince Charles Hospital, Cwm Taf Morgannwg UHBWalesUK
| | - J. Ingham
- Department of Maxillofacial and Dental SurgeryPrince Charles Hospital, Cwm Taf Morgannwg UHBWalesUK
| | - G. Rees
- Department of AnaesthesiaPrince Charles Hospital, Cwm Taf Morgannwg UHBWalesUK
| | - C. Woodford
- Department of AnaesthesiaPrince Charles Hospital, Cwm Taf Morgannwg UHBWalesUK
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Iliff HA, Ahmad I, Evans S, Ingham J, Rees G, Woodford C. Using virtual reality for difficult airway management planning. Anaesth Rep 2022; 10:e12175. [DOI: 10.1002/anr3.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. A. Iliff
- Department of Anaesthesia Prince Charles Hospital, Cwm Taf Morgannwg UHB Wales UK
- Welsh School of Anaesthesia Health Education and Improvement Wales UK
| | - I. Ahmad
- Department of Anaesthesia Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust London UK
- Kings College London London UK
| | - S. Evans
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cwm Taf Morgannwg UHB Wales UK
| | - J. Ingham
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cwm Taf Morgannwg UHB Wales UK
| | - G. Rees
- Department of Anaesthesia Cwm Taf Morgannwg UHB Wales UK
| | - C. Woodford
- Department of Anaesthesia Prince Charles Hospital, Cwm Taf Morgannwg UHB Wales UK
- Welsh School of Anaesthesia Health Education and Improvement Wales UK
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Galali Y, Rees G, Kuri V. Study the influence of waxy wheat flour, inulin and guar gum on quality and microstructure of Pita and Tandoori breads: response surface methodology aids functional food development. J Food Sci Technol 2022; 59:1372-1383. [PMID: 35250062 PMCID: PMC8882535 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A diet high in dietary fibre (DF) is thought to help reduce cholesterol levels, may control blood glucose levels and reduces gut transit time. However, people often fail to consume the recommended quantity of DF. The aim of this study was to supplement two types of bread with some novel functional food ingredients; waxy wheat flour (WF), inulin (IN) and guar gum (GG) to develop products rich in DF. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to study the effect of DF on two different breads. Breads were assessed using Cryo-SEM for its microstructure pattern, and physical attributes (pita; springiness, chewiness and hardness, Tandoori; hardness and elasticity). The results showed that, for pita bread, the outcome showed that IN and GG alone significantly increased hardness and chewiness and decreased springiness. WF addition only decreased springiness. GG linearly increased pita height and volume, but it quadratically increased weight loss. Moreover, IN increased volume and height in a quadratic way. Regarding Tandoori bread, IN reduced bread toughness, but showed no effect on extensibility. WF alone increased volume and diameter. The microstructure also showed that the novel ingredients modified starch gelatinisation and gluten-starch matrix in both pita and Tandoori breads differently. Therefore, the influence of the three functional ingredients alone and in combinations influenced quality parameters dissimilarly.
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Rees G, Brough L, Orsatti GM, Lodge A, Walker S. Do Micronutrient and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements Affect Human Maternal Immunity during Pregnancy? A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:367. [PMID: 35057548 PMCID: PMC8781537 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal dietary micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids support development of the fetal and neonatal immune system. Whether supplementation is similarly beneficial for the mother during gestation has received limited attention. A scoping review of human trials was conducted looking for evidence of biochemical, genomic, and clinical effects of supplementation on the maternal immune system. The authors explored the literature on PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from 2010 to the present day using PRISMA-ScR methodology. Full-length human trials in English were searched for using general terms and vitamin A, B12, C, D, and E; choline; iodine; iron; selenium; zinc; and docosahexaenoic/eicosapentaenoic acid. Of 1391 unique articles, 36 were eligible for inclusion. Diverse biochemical and epigenomic effects of supplementation were identified that may influence innate and adaptive immunity. Possible clinical benefits were encountered in malaria, HIV infections, anemia, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, and preventing preterm delivery. Only limited publications were identified that directly explored maternal immunity in pregnancy and the effects of micronutrients. None provided a holistic perspective. It is concluded that supplementation may influence biochemical aspects of the maternal immune response and some clinical outcomes, but the evidence from this review is not sufficient to justify changes to current guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Rees
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Louise Brough
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | | | - Anna Lodge
- St Gilesmedical, London WC2H 8LG, UK; (A.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Steven Walker
- St Gilesmedical, London WC2H 8LG, UK; (A.L.); (S.W.)
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Iliff HA, El-Boghdadly K, Ahmad I, Davis J, Harris A, Khan S, Lan-Pak-Kee V, O'Connor J, Powell L, Rees G, Tatla TS. Management of haematoma after thyroid surgery: systematic review and multidisciplinary consensus guidelines from the Difficult Airway Society, the British Association of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgeons and the British Association of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. Anaesthesia 2021; 77:82-95. [PMID: 34545943 PMCID: PMC9291554 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Haematoma after thyroid surgery can lead to airway obstruction and death. We therefore developed guidelines to improve the safety of peri‐operative care of patients undergoing thyroid surgery. We conducted a systematic review to inform recommendations, with expert consensus used in the absence of high‐quality evidence, and a Delphi study was used to ratify recommendations. We highlight the importance of multidisciplinary team management and make recommendations in key areas including: monitoring; recognition; post‐thyroid surgery emergency box; management of suspected haematoma following thyroid surgery; cognitive aids; post‐haematoma evacuation care; day‐case thyroid surgery; training; consent and pre‐operative communication; postoperative communication; and institutional policies. The guidelines support a multidisciplinary approach to the management of suspected haematoma following thyroid surgery through oxygenation and evaluation; haematoma evacuation; and tracheal intubation. They have been produced with materials to support implementation. While these guidelines are specific to thyroid surgery, the principles may apply to other forms of neck surgery. These guidelines and recommendations provided are the first in this area and it is hoped they will support multidisciplinary team working, improving care and outcomes for patients having thyroid surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Iliff
- Department of Anaesthesia, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Merthyr, UK.,Health Education and Improvement Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - K El-Boghdadly
- Department of Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,King's College London, London, UK
| | - I Ahmad
- Department of Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Davis
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham, UK
| | - A Harris
- Patient Representative, London, UK
| | - S Khan
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - V Lan-Pak-Kee
- Department of Anaesthesia, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J O'Connor
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - L Powell
- Department of Anaesthesia, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Merthyr, UK.,Health Education and Improvement Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - G Rees
- Department of Anaesthesia, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Merthyr, UK
| | - T S Tatla
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Collins GP, Booth S, Cherrill LR, Slade D, Morland C, Hopkins L, Nagy E, Linton K, Fox CP, Lewis D, Davies A, Turner G, Rees G, Yap C, Cwynarski K. ROMIDEPSIN AND CARFILZOMIB IN RELAPSED / REFRACTORY PERIPHERAL T‐CELL LYMPHOMA WITH ASSESSMENT OF H23B AS A PREDICTIVE BIOMARKER – THE UK NCRI SEAMLESS PHASE 1/2 ROMICAR TRIAL. Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.126_2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. P. Collins
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Churchill Hospital Haematology Oxford UK
| | - S. Booth
- Churchill Hospital Clinical Haematology Oxford UK
| | - L. R. Cherrill
- Birmingham University Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit Birmingham UK
| | - D. Slade
- Birmingham University Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit Birmingham UK
| | - C. Morland
- Birmingham University Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit Birmingham UK
| | - L. Hopkins
- Birmingham University Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit Birmingham UK
| | - E. Nagy
- Birmingham University Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit Birmingham UK
| | - K. Linton
- Christie Hospital Medical onology Manchester UK
| | - C. P. Fox
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Haematology Nottingham UK
| | - D. Lewis
- Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust Haematology Plymouth UK
| | - A. Davies
- University of Southampton CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre Southampton UK
| | - G. Turner
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cellular Pathology Oxford UK
| | - G. Rees
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cellular Pathology Oxford UK
| | - C. Yap
- Institute of Cancer Research Clinical Studies London UK
| | - K. Cwynarski
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Haematology London UK
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Alkutbe RB, Alruban A, Alturki H, Sattar A, Al-Hazzaa H, Rees G. Fat mass prediction equations and reference ranges for Saudi Arabian Children aged 8-12 years using machine technique method. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10734. [PMID: 33665006 PMCID: PMC7908871 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The number of children with obesity has increased in Saudi Arabia, which is a significant public health concern. Early diagnosis of childhood obesity and screening of the prevalence is needed using a simple in situ method. This study aims to generate statistical equations to predict body fat percentage (BF%) for Saudi children by employing machine learning technology and to establish gender and age-specific body fat reference range. Methods Data was combined from two cross-sectional studies conducted in Saudi Arabia for 1,292 boys and girls aged 8-12 years. Body fat was measured in both studies using bio-electrical impedance analysis devices. Height and weight were measured and body mass index was calculated and classified according to CDC 2,000 charts. A total of 603 girls and 374 boys were randomly selected for the learning phase, and 153 girls and 93 boys were employed in the validation set. Analyses of different machine learning methods showed that an accurate, sensitive model could be created. Two regression models were trained and fitted with the construction samples and validated. Gradient boosting algorithm was employed to achieve a better estimation and produce the equations, then the root means squared error (RMSE) equation was performed to decrease the error. Body fat reference ranges were derived for children aged 8-12 years. Results For the gradient boosting models, the predicted fat percentage values were more aligned with the true value than those in regression models. Gradient boosting achieved better performance than the regression equation as it combined multiple simple models into a single composite model to take advantage of that weak classifier. The developed predictive model archived RMSE of 3.12 for girls and 2.48 boys. BF% and Fat mass index charts were presented in which cut-offs for 5th, 75th and 95th centiles are used to define 'under-fat', 'normal', 'overfat' and 'subject with obesity'. Conclusion Machine learning models could represent a significant advancement for investigators studying adiposity-related issues in children. These models and newly developed centile charts could be useful tools for the estimation and classification of BF%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab B Alkutbe
- School of Biomedical sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Abdulrahman Alruban
- College of Computer and Information Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hmidan Alturki
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Sattar
- School of Biomedical sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Hazzaa Al-Hazzaa
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gail Rees
- School of Biomedical sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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Alkutbe R, Redfern K, Jarvis M, Rees G. Nutrient Extraction Lowers Postprandial Glucose Response of Fruit in Adults with Obesity as well as Healthy Weight Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030766. [PMID: 32183321 PMCID: PMC7146348 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit consumption is recommended as part of a healthy diet. However, consumption of fruit in the form of juice is positively associated with type 2 diabetes risk, possibly due to resulting hyperglycemia. In a recent study, fruit juice prepared by nutrient extraction, a process that retains the fiber component, was shown to elicit a favorable glycemic index (GI), compared to eating the fruit whole, in healthy weight adults. The current study expanded on this to include individuals with obesity, and assessed whether the nutrient extraction of seeded fruits reduced GI in a higher disease risk group. Nutrient extraction was shown to significantly lower GI, compared to eating fruit whole, in subjects with obesity (raspberry/mango: 25.43 ± 18.20 vs. 44.85 ± 20.18, p = 0.034 and passion fruit/mango (26.30 ± 25.72 vs. 42.56 ± 20.64, p = 0.044). Similar results were found in those of a healthy weight. In summary, the current study indicates that the nutrient-extraction of raspberries and passionfruit mixed with mango lowers the GI, not only in healthy weight individuals, but also in those with obesity, and supports further investigation into the potential for nutrient extraction to enable increased fruit intake without causing a high glycemic response.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Young adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D, 18-39 years) experience early-onset and rapid progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR), the leading cause of vision loss for working age adults. Despite this, uptake of retinal screening, the crucial first step in preventing vision loss from DR, is low. The aim of this review is to summarize the clinical and psychosocial factors affecting uptake of retinal screening. RECENT FINDINGS Barriers include lack of diabetes-related symptoms, low personal DR risk perception, high rates of depression and diabetes-related distress, fatalism about inevitability of complications, time and financial constraints, disengagement with existing diabetes self-management services, and perceived stigma due to having a condition associated with older adults. Young adults with T2D are an under-researched population who face an accumulation of barriers to retinal screening. Tailored interventions that address the needs, characteristics, and priorities of young adults with T2D are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Lake
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
- The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Victoria, c/- 570 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - G Rees
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, 3002, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - J Speight
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Victoria, c/- 570 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- AHP Research, Hornchurch, UK
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Abstract
To deliver a patient-centred service, emergency departments (EDs) must be efficient, effective and meet the needs of the local population. This article describes a service redesign of unscheduled care in a hospital in Wales, which followed the principles of prudent healthcare to improve patient experiences. Extending the roles of nurse specialist practitioners was a major component of the redesign. Six working groups were established to guide the process, one of which was responsible for working cooperatively with the local community, which was concerned about perceived 'downgrading' of the ED. The service redesign was completed in 2016 and evaluation shows the target for patients being seen in under four hours improved from 88% to 96%, significantly more acute medical admission patients were discharged in less than 24 hours, and patient satisfaction increased overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Condon
- Swansea University and Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Wales
| | - Sharon Burford
- Llanelli Wellness and Life Science Village, Carmarthenshire County Council, Wales
| | | | | | - Gail Rees
- Minor injuries unit, Prince Philip Hospital, Llanelli, Wales
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Rees G, Brooke Z, Doyle W, Costeloe K. The nutritional status of women in the first trimester of pregnancy attending an inner-city antenatal department in the UK. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 125:232-8. [PMID: 16220738 DOI: 10.1177/146642400512500516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have previously found high rates of poor iron and folate status in women who had delivered a low birthweight baby (LBW) in an ethnically diverse inner-city area of the UK. However, little was known of the nutritional status in the local general obstetric population. We therefore investigated biochemical measures of nutritional status in the first trimester of the first pregnancy. Routine blood samples collected at the antenatal booking clinic were analysed for haemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin, red cell folate (RCF) (n=100) and erythrocyte transketolase activation coefficient (ETKAC) for thiamin status (n=90). We found 9% of women in our sample had a low Hb level, 10% had a low serum ferritin and only one had a low RCF. This is a substantially lower number of women with biochemical deficiencies than we found previously in women three months after delivering a LBW baby. However, 34% had low thiamin status. Thiamin status was negatively correlated with gestational age at birth (r=-0.407, p<0.001). Differences in nutritional status were observed between ethnic and socio-economic groups. Hb levels differed between ethnic (p=0.001) and socio-economic groups (p=0.02), with Africans and women in manual occupations/unwaged having the lowest Hb levels. RCF levels also differed between groups (p<0.001) with Caucasians and those in non-manual occupations having highest levels. ETKAC also differed between ethnic groups (p=0.008) with Africans having the highest level indicating a poorer status. The study highlights the need to improve nutrition particularly in ethnic minorities and low income groups who are most at risk of adverse birth outcomes such as LBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Rees
- Health and Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, 166-220, Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, England.
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Rees G, Saw C, Larizza M, Lamoureux E, Keeffe J. Should family and friends be involved in group-based rehabilitation programs for adults with low vision? British Journal of Visual Impairment 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0264619607076001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This qualitative study investigates the views of clients with low vision and vision rehabilitation professionals on the involvement of family and friends in group-based rehabilitation programs. Both groups outlined advantages and disadvantages to involving significant others, and it is essential that clients are given the choice. Future work is needed to examine the uptake, process and outcomes of rehabilitation programs in which clients are able to invite family and friends.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Rees
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Department of Opthalmology,
| | - C. Saw
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Department of Opthalmology
| | - M. Larizza
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Department of Opthalmology
| | - E. Lamoureux
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Department of Opthalmology
| | - J. Keeffe
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Department of Opthalmology and Vision CRC, Australia
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Li A, Keely B, Chan S, Baxter M, Rees G, Kelly S. Verifying the provenance of rice using stable isotope ratio and multi-element analyses: a feasibility study. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2013.0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Li
- Food Safety Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 11 Outram Road, 169078 Singapore, Singapore
| | - B. Keely
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - S.H. Chan
- Food Safety Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 11 Outram Road, 169078 Singapore, Singapore
| | - M. Baxter
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - G. Rees
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - S. Kelly
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
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Gregory S, Scahill R, Stopford C, Orth M, Durr A, Leavitt B, Roos R, Langbehn D, Johnson H, Rees G, Tabrizi S, Craufurd D. E16 Diffusion Tensor Imaging And Neuropsychiatric Disturbance In Huntington 's Disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309032.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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McColgan P, Seunarine K, Razi A, Cole J, Scahill R, Rees G, Clark C, Tabrizi S. E12 Abnormal Cortico-striatal Structural Connectivity In Premanifest Huntington's Disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309032.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gregory S, Scahill R, Durr A, Leavitt B, Roos R, Johnson H, Langbehn D, Rees G, Tabrizi S. E15 Structural Connectivity In Huntington's Disease. J Neurol Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309032.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Papoutsi M, Weiskopf N, Langbehn D, Reilmann R, Rees G, Tabrizi S. J02 Brain Training in HD: Enhancing Neural Plasticity using Real-time FMRI Neurofeedback Training. J Neurol Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309032.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Saygin AP, Song C, van Kemenade B, Miller LE, Rees G, Bahrami B. Unconscious Processing of Biological Motion. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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de Haas B, Schwarzkopf DS, Alvarez I, Henriksson L, Kriegeskorte N, Rees G. Retinotopic priors for eyes and mouth in face perception and face sensitive cortex. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ajina S, Kennard C, Rees G, Bridge H. Abnormal contrast saturation in V5/MT+ following damage to V1. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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22
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Allen M, Smallwood J, Rees G. Balancing internal and external attention: mind-wandering variability predicts error awareness. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Minter RR, Cohen ES, Wang B, Liang M, Vainshtein I, Rees G, Eghobamien L, Harrison P, Sims DA, Matthews C, Wilkinson T, Monk P, Drinkwater C, Fabri L, Nash A, McCourt M, Jermutus L, Roskos L, Anderson IK, Sleeman MA. Protein engineering and preclinical development of a GM-CSF receptor antibody for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 168:200-11. [PMID: 22913645 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE For antibody therapies against receptor targets, in vivo outcomes can be difficult to predict because of target-mediated clearance or antigen 'sink' effects. The purpose of this work was to engineer an antibody to the GM-CSF receptor α (GM-CSFRα) with pharmacological properties optimized for chronic, s.c. treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used an in silico model of receptor occupancy to guide the target affinity and a combinatorial phage display approach for affinity maturation. Mechanism of action and internalization assays were performed on the optimized antibody in vitro before refining the modelling predictions of the eventual dosing in man. Finally, in vivo pharmacology studies in cynomolgus monkeys were carried out to inform the predictions and support future clinical development. KEY RESULTS Antibody potency was improved 8600-fold, and the target affinity was reached. The refined model predicted pharmacodynamic effects at doses as low as 1 mg kg(-1) and a study in cynomolgus monkeys confirmed in vivo efficacy at 1 mg kg(-1) dosing. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This rational approach to antibody drug discovery enabled the isolation of a potent molecule compatible with chronic, s.c. self-administration by RA patients. We believe this general approach enables the development of optimal biopharmaceuticals.
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Xu J, Rees G, Yin X, Song C, Han Y, Ge H, Pang Z, Xu W, Tang Y, Friston K, Liu S. Spontaneous neuronal activity predicts intersubject variations in executive control of attention. Neuroscience 2014; 263:181-92. [PMID: 24447598 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Executive control of attention regulates our thoughts, emotion and behavior. Individual differences in executive control are associated with task-related differences in brain activity. But it is unknown whether attentional differences depend on endogenous (resting state) brain activity and to what extent regional fluctuations and functional connectivity contribute to individual variations in executive control processing. Here, we explored the potential contribution of intrinsic brain activity to executive control by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) as an index of spontaneous brain activity, we found that ALFF in the right precuneus (PCUN) and the medial part of left superior frontal gyrus (msFC) was significantly correlated with the efficiency of executive control processing. Crucially, the strengths of functional connectivity between the right PCUN/left msFC and distributed brain regions, including the left fusiform gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus and right precentral gyrus, were correlated with individual differences in executive performance. Together, the ALFF and functional connectivity accounted for 67% of the variability in behavioral performance. Moreover, the strength of functional connectivity between specific regions could predict more individual variability in executive control performance than regionally specific fluctuations. In conclusion, our findings suggest that spontaneous brain activity may reflect or underpin executive control of attention. It will provide new insights into the origins of inter-individual variability in human executive control processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xu
- Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China; UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - G Rees
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - X Yin
- Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - C Song
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Y Han
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - H Ge
- Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Z Pang
- Department of Epidemiology, Qingdao Municipal Central for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - W Xu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Y Tang
- Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - K Friston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Liu
- Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Min M, Gowda R, Micklem J, Roos D, Penniment M, Rees G, Hodge J, Stein B, Taylor A, Krishnan S. EP-1122: Patterns of care and outcome in HPV p16+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated at a tertiary hospital. Radiother Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)31240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Rees G, Lamoureux EL, Nicolaou TE, Hodgson LAB, Weinman J, Speight J. Feedback of personal retinal images appears to have a motivational impact in people with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and suboptimal HbA1c: findings of a pilot study. Diabet Med 2013; 30:1122-5. [PMID: 23601012 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To conduct a pilot study to explore the potential impact of visual feedback of personal retinal images on diabetes outcomes. METHODS Twenty-five participants with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and suboptimal HbA(1c) (> 53 mmol/mol; > 7%) were randomized to receive visual feedback of their own retinal images or to a control group. At baseline and 3-month follow-up, HbA(1c), standard measures of beliefs, diabetes-related distress and self-care activities were assessed. RESULTS In unadjusted models, relative to controls, the intervention group showed significantly greater improvement in HbA(1c) at 3-month follow-up (-0.6% vs. +0.3%, P < 0.01), as well as enhanced motivation to improve blood glucose management (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This small pilot study provides preliminary evidence that visual feedback of personal retinal images may offer a practical educational strategy for clinicians in eye care services to improve diabetes outcomes in non-target compliant patients. A fully powered randomized controlled trial is required to confirm these findings and determine the optimal use of feedback to produce sustained effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rees
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
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27
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Alvarez I, De Haas B, Clark CA, Rees G, Schwarzkopf DS. Optimal stimulation for population receptive field mapping in human fMRI. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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29
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Getov S, Bahrami B, Winston J, Rees G. A Neural Network for Modulation of Perceptual Rivalry by Social Face Traits. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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30
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Schwarzkopf DS, Anderson EJ, de Haas B, White SJ, Rees G. Visual cortical architecture in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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31
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Brooks J, Chadwick A, Romei V, Rees G. Spontaneous pre-stimulus oscillations predict direction of ambiguous figure-ground assignment. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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33
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Ekanayake J, Ridgway G, Scharnowski F, Winston J, Yury K, Weiskopf N, Rees G. Altered perceptual bistability in binocular rivalry through neurofeedback training of high order visual areas. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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34
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Song C, Schwarzkopf S, Lutti A, Li B, Kanai R, Rees G. Effective connectivity in human primary visual cortex predicts inter-individual difference in contextual illusion. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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35
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Watt RG, Draper AK, Ohly HR, Rees G, Pikhart H, Cooke L, Moore L, Crawley H, Pettinger C, McGlone P, Hayter AKM. Methodological development of an exploratory randomised controlled trial of an early years' nutrition intervention: the CHERRY programme (Choosing Healthy Eating when Really Young). Matern Child Nutr 2013; 10:280-94. [PMID: 23795857 PMCID: PMC6860218 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Good nutrition in the early years of life is vitally important for a child's development, growth and health. Children's diets in the United Kingdom are known to be poor, particularly among socially disadvantaged groups, and there is a need for timely and appropriate interventions that support parents to improve the diets of young children. The Medical Research Council has highlighted the importance of conducting developmental and exploratory research prior to undertaking full-scale trials to evaluate complex interventions, but have provided very limited detailed guidance on the conduct of these initial phases of research. This paper describes the initial developmental stage and the conduct of an exploratory randomised controlled trial undertaken to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a family-centred early years' nutrition intervention. Choosing Healthy Eating when Really Young (CHERRY) is a programme for families with children aged 18 months to 5 years, delivered in children's centres in one urban (Islington) and one rural (Cornwall) location in the United Kingdom. In the development stage, a mixed-methods approach was used to investigate the nature of the problem and options for support. A detailed review of the evidence informed the theoretical basis of the study and the creation of a logic model. In the feasibility and pilot testing stage of the exploratory trial, 16 children's centres, with a sample of 394 families were recruited onto the study. We hope that the methodology, which we present in this paper, will inform and assist other researchers in conducting community-based, exploratory nutrition research in early years settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Geddie Watt
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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36
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Ohly H, Pealing J, Hayter AKM, Pettinger C, Pikhart H, Watt RG, Rees G. Parental food involvement predicts parent and child intakes of fruits and vegetables. Appetite 2013; 69:8-14. [PMID: 23684902 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to develop successful interventions to improve children's diets, the factors influencing food choice need to be understood. Parental food involvement - the level of importance of food in a person's life - may be one of many important factors. The aim of this study was to determine whether parental food involvement is associated with parents' and children's diet quality. As part of an intervention study, 394 parents with children aged between 18 months and 5 years were recruited from children's centres in Cornwall and Islington, UK. Questionnaires were used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, parents' diets, and attitudes towards food including food involvement. Children's diets were assessed using the multiple pass 24 h recall method. Parents reported low intakes of fruits and vegetables and high intakes of sugary items for themselves and their young children. Parental food involvement was strongly correlated with consumption of fruits and vegetables (amount and diversity) for both parents and children. Correlations with consumption of sugary drinks and snacks/foods were not significant. These findings indicate that parental food involvement may influence consumption of fruits and vegetables, more so than sugary items. Further research is needed to investigate how parental food involvement could mediate dietary changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Ohly
- University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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Pinotsis DA, Schwarzkopf DS, Litvak V, Rees G, Barnes G, Friston KJ. Dynamic causal modelling of lateral interactions in the visual cortex. Neuroimage 2012; 66:563-76. [PMID: 23128079 PMCID: PMC3547173 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a dynamic causal model based upon neural field models of the Amari type. We consider the application of these models to non-invasive data, with a special focus on the mapping from source activity on the cortical surface to a single channel. We introduce a neural field model based upon the canonical microcircuit (CMC), in which neuronal populations are assigned to different cortical layers. We show that DCM can disambiguate between alternative (neural mass and field) models of cortical activity. However, unlike neural mass models, DCM with neural fields can address questions about neuronal microcircuitry and lateral interactions. This is because they are equipped with interlaminar connections and horizontal intra-laminar connections that are patchy in nature. These horizontal or lateral connections can be regarded as connecting macrocolumns with similar feature selectivity. Crucially, the spatial parameters governing horizontal connectivity determine the separation (width) of cortical macrocolumns. Thus we can estimate the width of macro columns, using non-invasive electromagnetic signals. We illustrate this estimation using dynamic causal models of steady-state or ongoing spectral activity measured using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in human visual cortex. Specifically, we revisit the hypothesis that the size of a macrocolumn is a key determinant of neuronal dynamics, particularly the peak gamma frequency. We are able to show a correlation, over subjects, between columnar size and peak gamma frequency — that fits comfortably with established correlations between peak gamma frequency and the size of visual cortex defined retinotopically. We also considered cortical excitability and assessed its relative influence on observed gamma activity. This example highlights the potential utility of dynamic causal modelling and neural fields in providing quantitative characterisations of spatially extended dynamics on the cortical surface — that are parameterised in terms of horizontal connections, implicit in the cortical micro-architecture and its synaptic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Pinotsis
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - D S Schwarzkopf
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - V Litvak
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - G Rees
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - G Barnes
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - K J Friston
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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Brooks J, Gilaie-Dotan S, Rees G, Bentin S, Driver J. Preserved local but disrupted contextual figure-ground influences in a patient with abnormal function of intermediate visual areas. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Hong AM, Martin A, Armstrong BK, Lee CS, Jones D, Chatfield MD, Zhang M, Harnett G, Clark J, Elliott M, Milross C, Smee R, Corry J, Liu C, Porceddu S, Vaska K, Veness M, Morgan G, Fogarty G, Veivers D, Rees G, Rose B. Human papillomavirus modifies the prognostic significance of T stage and possibly N stage in tonsillar cancer. Ann Oncol 2012; 24:215-9. [PMID: 22887467 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the association with more advanced nodal stage, patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) positive oropharyngeal cancers have better outcomes. We examined whether the HPV can modify the effect of known prognostic factors in tonsillar cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 489 patients from 10 centres were followed up for recurrence or death for a median of 3.2 years. Determinants of the rate of locoregional recurrence, death from tonsillar cancer and overall survival were modelled using Cox regression. RESULTS The prognostic value of T and N stages were modified by HPV as indicated by statistically significant interaction terms. After adjusting for age, gender and treatment, T stage appeared relevant only for HPV-positive cancers (where a higher T stage was associated with worse outcomes). There was some evidence that N stage was a more relevant prognostic factor for HPV-negative than -positive cancers. There was no evidence that the HPV modifies the effect of age, gender or grade on outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the prognostic significance of the conventional staging system in tonsillar cancer is modified by HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hong
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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40
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Sandberg K, Overgaard M, Rees G. Are the neural correlates of conscious contents stable or plastic? J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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41
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Fenwick EK, Pesudovs K, Rees G, Dirani M, Kawasaki R, Wong TY, Lamoureux EL. Republished article: The impact of diabetic retinopathy: understanding the patient's perspective. Postgrad Med J 2012; 88:167-75. [PMID: 22343937 DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.2010.191312rep] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of a condition from the patient's perspective is important, and different types of patient-reported outcomes or instruments are available to help with this. This review article summarises the current evidence on the impact of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its associated vision impairment on patient-reported outcomes. We have included research that has used a range of outcome measures to assess the impact of DR on generic health-related quality of life, utility, vision-functioning and vision-specific quality of life. This review also offers clarification on frequently misused psychometric terminologies to help clinicians and researchers better understand the literature associated with patient-reported outcome research. Overall, the evidence suggests that DR, particularly in its vision-threatening stages, has a substantial, negative impact on the patient. However, our understanding of the impact of DR is currently restricted due to limitations inherent in currently available patient-reported outcome measures. We conclude by discussing potential directions for future research in this area, such as item banking and computer adaptive testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Fenwick
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourn, Australia
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42
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Schölvinck ML, Friston KJ, Rees G. The influence of spontaneous activity on stimulus processing in primary visual cortex. Neuroimage 2011; 59:2700-8. [PMID: 22056529 PMCID: PMC3382731 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous activity in the resting human brain has been studied extensively; however, how such activity affects the local processing of a sensory stimulus is relatively unknown. Here, we examined the impact of spontaneous activity in primary visual cortex on neuronal and behavioural responses to a simple visual stimulus, using functional MRI. Stimulus-evoked responses remained essentially unchanged by spontaneous fluctuations, combining with them in a largely linear fashion (i.e., with little evidence for an interaction). However, interactions between spontaneous fluctuations and stimulus-evoked responses were evident behaviourally; high levels of spontaneous activity tended to be associated with increased stimulus detection at perceptual threshold. Our results extend those found in studies of spontaneous fluctuations in motor cortex and higher order visual areas, and suggest a fundamental role for spontaneous activity in stimulus processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Schölvinck
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK.
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Abstract
The increasing ubiquity of web-based social networking services is a striking feature of modern human society. The degree to which individuals participate in these networks varies substantially for reasons that are unclear. Here, we show a biological basis for such variability by demonstrating that quantitative variation in the number of friends an individual declares on a web-based social networking service reliably predicted grey matter density in the right superior temporal sulcus, left middle temporal gyrus and entorhinal cortex. Such regions have been previously implicated in social perception and associative memory, respectively. We further show that variability in the size of such online friendship networks was significantly correlated with the size of more intimate real-world social groups. However, the brain regions we identified were specifically associated with online social network size, whereas the grey matter density of the amygdala was correlated both with online and real-world social network sizes. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the size of an individual's online social network is closely linked to focal brain structure implicated in social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kanai
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK.
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Anderson E, Dakin S, Schwarzkopf DS, Rees G, Greenwood J. The Neural Correlates of Crowding-Induced Changes in Appearance. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Sandberg K, Bahrami B, Kanai R, Barnes G, Overgaard M, Rees G. Predicting the conscious experience of other people. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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48
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Song C, Schwarzkopf D, Kanai R, Rees G. Reciprocal structural relationship between primary sensory and prefrontal cortices in the human brain. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ditye T, Kanai R, Bahrami B, Muggleton N, Rees G, Walsh V. Increases in grey matter volume induced by perceptual learning. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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50
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Bahrami B, Ajina S, Getov S, Stewart L, Todorov A, Rees G. Observer- and stimulus-specific effects in unconscious evaluation of faces on social dimensions. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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