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Anderson EJ, Vistoli G, Katunga LA, Funai K, Regazzoni L, Monroe TB, Gilardoni E, Cannizzaro L, Colzani M, De Maddis D, Rossoni G, Canevotti R, Gagliardi S, Carini M, Aldini G. A carnosine analog mitigates metabolic disorders of obesity by reducing carbonyl stress. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5280-5293. [PMID: 30226473 DOI: 10.1172/jci94307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar- and lipid-derived aldehydes are reactive carbonyl species (RCS) frequently used as surrogate markers of oxidative stress in obesity. A pathogenic role for RCS in metabolic diseases of obesity remains controversial, however, partly because of their highly diffuse and broad reactivity and the lack of specific RCS-scavenging therapies. Naturally occurring histidine dipeptides (e.g., anserine and carnosine) show RCS reactivity, but their therapeutic potential in humans is limited by serum carnosinases. Here, we present the rational design, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation of carnosinol, i.e., (2S)-2-(3-amino propanoylamino)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanol, a derivative of carnosine with high oral bioavailability that is resistant to carnosinases. Carnosinol displayed a suitable ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) profile and was determined to have the greatest potency and selectivity toward α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (e.g., 4-hydroxynonenal, HNE, ACR) among all others reported thus far. In rodent models of diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome, carnosinol dose-dependently attenuated HNE adduct formation in liver and skeletal muscle, while simultaneously mitigating inflammation, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and steatohepatitis. These improvements in metabolic parameters with carnosinol were not due to changes in energy expenditure, physical activity, adiposity, or body weight. Collectively, our findings illustrate a pathogenic role for RCS in obesity-related metabolic disorders and provide validation for a promising new class of carbonyl-scavenging therapeutic compounds rationally derived from carnosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan J Anderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lalage A Katunga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Funai
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Luca Regazzoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - T Blake Monroe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ettore Gilardoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Cannizzaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Colzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo De Maddis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rossoni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Cannizzaro L, Rossoni G, Savi F, Altomare A, Marinello C, Saethang T, Carini M, Payne DM, Pisitkun T, Aldini G, Leelahavanichkul A. Regulatory landscape of AGE-RAGE-oxidative stress axis and its modulation by PPARγ activation in high fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:5. [PMID: 28101123 PMCID: PMC5237238 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The AGE-RAGE-oxidative stress (AROS) axis is involved in the onset and progression of metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fructose diet (HFD). PPARγ activation is known to modulate metabolic syndrome; however a systems-level investigation looking at the protective effects of PPARγ activation as related to the AROS axis has not been performed. The aim of this work is to simultaneously characterize multiple molecular parameters within the AROS axis, using samples taken from different body fluids and tissues of a rat model of HFD-induced metabolic syndrome, in the presence or absence of a PPARγ agonist, Rosiglitazone (RGZ). Methods Rats were fed with 60% HFD for the first half of the treatment duration (21 days) then continued with either HFD alone or HFD plus RGZ for the second half. Results Rats receiving HFD alone showed metabolic syndrome manifestations including hypertension, dyslipidemia, increased glucose levels and insulin resistance, as well as abnormal kidney and inflammatory parameters. Systolic blood pressure, plasma triglyceride and glucose levels, plasma creatinine, and albuminuria were significantly improved in the presence of RGZ. The following molecular parameters of the AROS axis were significantly upregulated in our rat model: carboxymethyl lysine (CML) in urine and liver; carboxyethyl lysine (CEL) in urine; advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in plasma; receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in liver and kidney; advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in plasma; and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) in plasma, liver, and kidney. Conversely, with RGZ administration, the upregulation of AOPP and AGEs in plasma, CML and CEL in urine, RAGE in liver as well as HNE in plasma and liver was significantly counteracted/prevented. Conclusions Our data demonstrate (i) the systems-level regulatory landscape of HFD-induced metabolic syndrome involving multiple molecular parameters, including HNE, AGEs and their receptor RAGE, and (ii) attenuation of metabolic syndrome by PPARγ modulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0149-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cannizzaro
- Systems Biology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rossoni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Savi
- Pathological Anatomy Unit (U.O.C. Anatomia Patologica), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Altomare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Marinello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Thammakorn Saethang
- Systems Biology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - D Michael Payne
- Systems Biology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Systems Biology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
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Gregorc V, Bulotta A, Viganò M, Citterio G, Petrella G, Brioschi E, Ducceschi M, Gianni L, Colombi S, Rossoni G, Salini G, Savia V, Lambiase A, Bordignon C. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and impact of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels on outcomes in a phase 3 trial (NGR015) with best investigator choice (BIC) plus or minus NGR-hTNF in previously treated patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw391.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Regazzoni L, Saligari F, Marinello C, Rossoni G, Aldini G, Carini M, Orioli M. Coffee silver skin as a source of polyphenols: High resolution mass spectrometric profiling of components and antioxidant activity. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Pinelli A, Trivulzio S, Rossoni G. Activated partial thromboplastin time correlates with methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol in acute myocardial infarction patients: therapeutic implications for patients at cardiovascular risk. In Vivo 2014; 28:99-104. [PMID: 24425842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with increased coagulation which in the presence of unstable atheroma or endothelial damage leads to occlusive coronary vessel thrombosis. AMI is usually characterized by increased levels of catecholamines. It is possible there may be a link between catecholamines and hypercoagulation, but this still remains to be determined. In the current study we sought to verify whether hypercoagulation is associated with hypersympathetic activity in AMI patients, and whether there is a correlation between increased Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol (MOPEG) levels (a metabolite of catecholamines) and shorter APTT (a marker of hypercoagulation). RESULTS Shorter APTT values were detected in the plasma of AMI patients, which had also increased MOPEG levels. A linear correlation between APTT and MOPEG values was observed. High levels of the coagulation marker prothrombin (fragments 1+2) were also found. CONCLUSION Shortened APTT demonstrates hypercoagulation and high MOPEG levels indicate increased catecholamine metabolism. A direct correlation between APTT and MOPEG was found herein, demonstrating a link between catecholamines and the process of coagulation. Catecholamines may interact with the α2-adrenergic receptors located on platelets and convert factor XII to XIIa or through the kallikrein-kinin system, they may activate factor XII. The activation of factor XII initiates the intrinsic coagulation pathway, which is monitored by APTT. It is suggested to control patients with a shortened APTT and increased sympathetic activity with the aim of preventing secondary coagulation and cardiovascular accidents by administering anti-thrombotic and anti-adrenergic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaldo Pinelli
- Research Unit "Iraklis Galatoulas" - Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 - Milan, Italy,
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Pinelli A, Trivulzio S, Rossoni G, Redaelli R, Brenna S. Factors involved in sudden coagulation observed in patients with acute myocardial infarction. In Vivo 2012; 26:1021-1025. [PMID: 23160687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery diseases (CAD) evolving into acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with coagulation and thrombotic occlusion of coronary vessels in the presence of unstable atheroma. The atheromatous plaque becomes unstable when it is infiltrated by monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils capable of secreting proteases that induce plaque erosion, rupture and initialize the coagulation process. The aim of this study was (a) to analyse the plasma of patients with AMI for the presence of proteases that may activate rapid coagulation, (b) to evaluate coagulation markers as prothrombin fragment (F1+2) and antithrombin III and (c) to find an interrelation between proteases and coagulation markers. The examined plasma showed high values of prothrombin fragment (F1+2) and low levels of antithrombin III. These markers showed a highly significant negative-correlation. The plasma also exhibited increased levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) which were positively-correlated with the prothrombin fragment (F1+2). MMP-9 seems to cause the coagulation activity by increasing the level of prothrombin fragment (F1+2) and the consumption of antithrombin III. The examined plasma also exhibited high levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), which is known to modulate MMP-9 activity. The high plasma levels of MMP-9 and NGAL can be attributed to plaque instability and appear to activate sudden coagulation. MMP-9 and NGAL, in the presence of altered values of prothrombin fragment (F1+2) and antithrombin III in AMI patients, seem to be suitable markers to be studied in unstable plaque patients, for the prediction and prevention of acute coronary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaldo Pinelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Research Unit Iraklis Galatoulas, University of Milan, Italy.
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Bulotta A, Gregorc V, Rossoni G, Todisco G, Viganò M, Lambiase A, Bordignon C. Association Between Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Count (PBLC) and Outcome in Patients with Solid Tumors Treated with Ngr-Htnf. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Gregorc V, Zilembo N, Grossi F, De Pas T, Pietrantonio F, Giovannini M, Rossoni G, Bulotta A, Lambiase A, Bordignon C. Front-Line Chemotherapy with or without NGR-HTNF in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Rossoni G, Gregorc V, Bulotta A, Viganò M, Todisco G, Lambiase A, Bordignon C. Correlation of Infusion-Related Reactions (IRR) and Outcome in Patients Receiving Ngr-Htnf Treatment. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Casiraghi A, Di Grigoli M, Cilurzo F, Gennari CGM, Rossoni G, Minghetti P. The influence of the polar head and the hydrophobic chain on the skin penetration enhancement effect of poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:247-53. [PMID: 22232021 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-011-9745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of a homologue series of nonionic surfactants, namely poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) fatty acid esters, differing in oxyethylene (PEG 8, PEG 12, and PEG 40) and fatty acid (stearate, mono and di-laurate, and mono and di-oleate) chain lengths, on in vitro skin permeability of ketoprofen (KTP) vehicled in plasters was investigated. The drug diffusion through hairless mouse skin as well as the effect of the surfactant type and strength was studied by Franz diffusion cells and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The use of PEG stearate series revealed that the surfactant with the largest polar head, namely PEG 40, was ineffective in enhancing the skin permeation of KTP, independently of the plaster concentrations. The effect of the hydrophobic chain was investigated only by using the shortest oxyethylene chains. The experimental results revealed that the oxyethylene chain length of surfactants appeared to be more influent than the alkyl chain. The prediction of the absorption enhancing capability of these PEG derivatives appeared related to the vehicle other than the proper combination of the number of ethylene oxide groups and alkyl groups.
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Viganò M, Cavina R, Novello S, Grossi F, Santoro A, Gregore V, Rossoni G, Levra M, Lambiase A, Bordignon C. 9103 POSTER Phase II Trial of NGR-hTNF and Doxorubicin in Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC). Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)72415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Gregore V, Zilembo N, Grossi F, Rossoni G, Pietrantonio F, Rijavec E, Citterio G, Platania M, Lambiase A, Bordignon C. 9014 POSTER DISCUSSION Randomized Phase II Trial of NGR-hTNF and Chemotherapy in Chemo-naive Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) -Preliminary Results. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)72326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Panusa A, Selmin F, Rossoni G, Carini M, Cilurzo F, Aldini G. Methylprednisolone-loaded PLGA microspheres: a new formulation for sustained release via intra-articular administration. A comparison study with methylprednisolone acetate in rats. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:4580-6. [PMID: 21850665 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Methylprednisolone (MP) released by poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres (PLGA MS) was monitored in plasma after intra-articular (i.a.) administration into rat joint. A validated LC-ESI-MS/MS method was used to quantify the plasmatic concentrations of MP. The calculated pharmacokinetic parameters were compared to those obtained after the i.a. administration of a commercially available suspension of MP acetate (MPA). Different pharmacokinetic profiles were observed in the two formulations, and a lower peak level (C(max) = 13.7 ± 4.3 ng · mL(-1)) and AUC(0-72 h) (198 ± 45 ng · mL(-1) · h) were observed for MP-PLGA MS than MPA (C(max) = 18.4 ± 2.7 ng · mL(-1)) and AUC(0-72 h) (943 ± 249 ng · mL(-1) · h). The administration of MP-PLGA MS resulted in a rapid increase in the MP concentration at 30 min, with a t(max) at 0.8 ± 0.3 h. Instead, for the MPA suspension the t(max) was 32.0 ± 13.9 h. These differences were indirectly confirmed by the evaluation of the extra-articular effects, namely, carrageenan-induced paw edema, since MP-PLGA MS showed a lower anti-inflammatory activity than MPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Panusa
- Dipartimento del Farmaco, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Orioli M, Vistoli G, Regazzoni L, Pedretti A, Lapolla A, Rossoni G, Canevotti R, Gamberoni L, Previtali M, Carini M, Aldini G. Design, Synthesis, ADME Properties, and Pharmacological Activities of β-Alanyl-D-histidine (D-Carnosine) Prodrugs with Improved Bioavailability. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:1269-82. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Gregorc V, Zilembo N, Grossi F, Rossoni G, Pietrantonio F, Rijavec E, Bulotta A, Vitali M, Barletta G, Bergamaschi L, Platania M, Caligaris-Cappio F, Lambiase A, Bordignon C. Randomized, phase II trial of NGR-hTNF and chemotherapy in chemotherapy-naive patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Preliminary results. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.7568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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De Vincenzo F, Rossoni G, Santoro A, Gregorc V, Zucali PA, Citterio G, Simonelli M, Petrella G, Caligaris-Cappio F, Lambiase A, Bordignon C. NGR-hTNF in previously treated patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) . J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.7089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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17
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Vigano' MG, Cavina R, Novello S, Grossi F, Santoro A, Gregorc V, Scagliotti G, Garassino IM, Rossoni G, Levra MG, Genova C, Caligaris-Cappio F, Lambiase A, Bordignon C. Phase II trial of NGR-hTNF and doxorubicin in relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.7077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Di Pierro F, Rinaldi F, Lucarelli M, Rossoni G. Interaction between ticlopidine or warfarin or cardioaspirin with a highly standardized deterpened Ginkgo biloba extract (VR456) in rat and human. Acta Biomed 2010; 81:196-203. [PMID: 22530457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba is available in Europe as an over-the-counter drug and it is reported to cause hemorrhage when co-administered with other anti-platelet agents. We set out to study the interactions of ticlopidine with Ginkgo biloba extract or VR456, a new highly standardized deterpened extract from Ginkgo biloba leaves. Male Wistar rats were used to study the effects of ticlopidine (50-100 mg/kg/day), given alone and in combination for 5 days with Ginkgo biloba extract (50 mg/kg/day) or VR456 (50 mg/kg/day), on bleeding time and ex vivo ADP-induced platelet aggregation measurements. In addition, human studies were performed with the compounds under investigation. Combined treatment of ticlopidine and undeterpened Ginkgo biloba extract increased anti-platelet effect and prolonged the bleeding time in the rat. On the contrary, the combination treatment of ticlopidine and VR456 increased anti-platelet effect but did not prolong bleeding time. Moreover, daily administration of 360 mg of VR456 for 14 days to ticlopidine-treated humans did not highlight any unwanted effect and did not alter PT/INR and PTT parameters. Same results have been also obtained in warfarin or in cardioaspirin-treated patients. These data point out the clear role played by the terpenoid, PAF-antagonist fraction of Ginkgo biloba extract in affecting bleeding risk in anticoagulant-treated subjects and suggest VR456 as a possible option treatment in geriatric people subjected to anticoagulant treatment where the use of standard Ginkgo biloba extracts are discouraged.
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Rossoni G, Manfredi B, Tazzari V, Sparatore A, Trivulzio S, Del Soldato P, Berti F. Activity of a new hydrogen sulfide-releasing aspirin (ACS14) on pathological cardiovascular alterations induced by glutathione depletion in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 648:139-45. [PMID: 20826133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the hydrogen sulfide (H₂S)-releasing derivatives of aspirin (ACS14) and salicylic acid (ACS21) in a rat model of metabolic syndrome induced by glutathione (GSH) depletion, causing hypertension and other pathological cardiovascular alterations. GSH depletion was induced in normal rats by the GSH-synthase inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, 30 mmol/L day for seven days in the drinking water). Systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured daily by the tail-cuff method, and plasma thromboxane B₂, 6-keto-prostaglandin F(2α), 8-isoprostane, GSH, insulin and glucose were determined at the end of the seven-day BSO schedule. In addition, ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial dysfunction and endothelial dysfunction were assayed on isolated heart and aortic rings, respectively. Unlike aspirin and salicylic acid, ACS14 and ACS21 reduced BSO-induced hypertension, also lowering plasma levels of thromboxane B₂, 8-isoprostane and insulin, while GSH remained in the control range. Neither ACS14 nor ACS21 caused gastric lesions. Both restored the endothelial dysfunction observed in aortic rings from BSO-treated rats, and in ischemia/reperfusion experiments they lowered left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, consequently improving the developed pressure and the maximum rise and fall of left ventricular pressure. Together with this improvement of heart mechanics there were reductions in the activity of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in the cardiac perfusate. This implies that H₂S released by both ACS14 and ACS21 was involved in protecting the heart from ischemia/reperfusion, and significantly limited vascular endothelial dysfunction in aortic tissue and the related hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Rossoni
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy.
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Villetti G, Pastore F, Bergamaschi M, Bassani F, Bolzoni PT, Battipaglia L, Amari G, Rizzi A, Delcanale M, Volta R, Cenacchi V, Cacciani F, Zaniboni M, Berti F, Rossoni G, Harrison S, Petrillo P, Santoro E, Scudellaro R, Mannini F, Geppetti PA, Razzetti R, Patacchini R, Civelli M. Bronchodilator Activity of (3R)-3-[[[(3-fluorophenyl)[(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)methyl]amino] carbonyl]oxy]-1-[2-oxo-2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bromide (CHF5407), a Potent, Long-Acting, and Selective Muscarinic M3 Receptor Antagonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 335:622-35. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.170035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Panusa A, Aldini G, Orioli M, Vistoli G, Rossoni G, Carini M. A sensitive and specific precursor ion scanning approach in liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry to detect methylprednisolone acetate and its metabolites in rat urine. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2010; 24:1583-1594. [PMID: 20486254 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A new, simple, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (LC/ESI-MS/MS) method in precursor ion scanning (PIS) mode has been developed for the rapid detection of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) and its metabolites in rat urine. A suitable product ion specific for methylprednisolone (MP) and MPA was selected after a fragmentation study on 20 (cortico)steroids at different collision energies (5-40 eV). Urine samples were simply treated with acetonitrile then dried in a SpeedVac system. The method was validated and compared with other PIS methods for detecting corticosteroids in human urine. It was more sensitive, with limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ), respectively, of 5 and 10 ng mL(-1). The method was applied for the analysis of rat urine collected before and after (24, 48, 72 h) intra-articular (IA) injection of a marketed formulation of MPA (Depo-Medrol(R)). MS/MS acquisitions were taken at different collision energies for the precursor ions of interest, detected in PIS mode, to verify the MP-related structure. Six different metabolites were detected in rat urine, and their chemical structures were assigned with a computational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Panusa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche Pietro Pratesi, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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22
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Aldini G, Orioli M, Rossoni G, Savi F, Braidotti P, Vistoli G, Yeum KJ, Negrisoli G, Carini M. The carbonyl scavenger carnosine ameliorates dyslipidaemia and renal function in Zucker obese rats. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 15:1339-54. [PMID: 20518851 PMCID: PMC4373334 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a risk factor that increases the risk for development of renal and vascular complications. This study addresses the effects of chronic administration of the endogenous dipeptide carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine, L-CAR) and of its enantiomer (β-alanyl-D-histidine, D-CAR) on hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, advanced glycation end products, advanced lipoxidation end products formation and development of nephropathy in the non-diabetic, Zucker obese rat. The Zucker rats received a daily dose of L-CAR or D-CAR (30 mg/kg in drinking water) for 24 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was recorded monthly. At the end of the treatment, plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, insulin, creatinine and urinary levels of total protein, albumin and creatinine were measured. Several indices of oxidative/carbonyl stress were also measured in plasma, urine and renal tissue. We found that both L- and D-CAR greatly reduced obese-related diseases in obese Zucker rat, by significantly restraining the development of dyslipidaemia, hypertension and renal injury, as demonstrated by both urinary parameters and electron microscopy examinations of renal tissue. Because the protective effect elicited by L- and D-CAR was almost superimposable, we conclude that the pharmacological action of L-CAR is not due to a pro-histaminic effect (D-CAR is not a precursor of histidine, since it is stable to peptidic hydrolysis), and prompted us to propose that some of the biological effects can be mediated by a direct carbonyl quenching mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pietro Pratesi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Rossoni G, Gregorc V, Citterio G, Spreafico A, Donadoni G, Vitali G, Borri A, Caligaris-Cappio F, Lambiase A, Bordignon C. Predictive potential of angiogenic plasma biomarkers (PBs) in phase I trial with NGR-hTNF. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Pinelli A, Trivulzio S, Brenna S, Galmozzi G, Rossoni G. Pretreatment with tetrandrine has protective effects against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rabbits. In Vivo 2010; 24:265-270. [PMID: 20554997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tetrandrine, the active principle of Stephania tetrandra radix extracts, has broad pharmacological activity, including effects on the cardiovascular system: it has been shown to reduce the size of acute myocardial infarction in rats undergoing coronary vessel ligation and to improve heart lesions in the constriction/reperfusion model by means of mechanisms involving peroxidation, calcium antagonism and coagulation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether tetrandrine has anti-infarction, antioxidant and anticoagulant effects in rabbits treated with isoproterenol, a drug capable of causing peroxide generation, calcium overload and coagulation alterations, and inducing myocardial infarction. The results showed that pretreatment with tetrandrine protects against the myocardial injuries caused by isoproterenol. It counteracted the appearance of myocardial necrotic lesions and ischemic electrocardiographic modifications, such as ST segment alterations, prevented the appearance of the plasma cardiac necrosis markers c-troponin I and myoglobin, lowered malondialdehyde levels, and prolonged partial thromboplastin time. The protective effects of tetrandrine can be attributed to its antioxidant action in lowering peroxide levels and its ability to counteract coagulating activity. Tetrandrine seems to offer full protection against myocardial infarction experimentally induced by the non-invasive treatment of rabbits with isoprotenerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaldo Pinelli
- Department of Pharmacology, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy.
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25
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Pandini V, Ciriello F, Tedeschi G, Rossoni G, Zanetti G, Aliverti A. Synthesis of human renalase1 in Escherichia coli and its purification as a FAD-containing holoprotein. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 72:244-53. [PMID: 20302943 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Renalase is a protein ubiquitous in vertebrates, which has been proposed to modulate blood pressure and heart rate, and whose downregulation might result in hypertension. Despite its potential relevance for human health, the biochemical characterization of renalase is still lacking, possibly due to difficulties in obtaining it in recombinant form. By expressing two different gene constructs, we found that the major isoform of human renalase, renalase1, is mainly produced in Escherichia coli in inclusion bodies. However, by optimizing the expression conditions, significant amounts of soluble products were obtained. Both soluble renalase forms have been purified to homogeneity exploiting their N-terminal His-tag. Linking of the protein of interest to the SUMO protein did not improve solubility, but yielded untagged renalase1 after proteolytic processing of the fusion product. The two recombinant renalase forms displayed the same molecular properties. They bind equimolar amounts of FAD and appear to be correctly folded by various criteria. The procedures for the production and isolation of recombinant renalase1 here reported are expected to boost the much awaited biochemical studies on this remarkable protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Pandini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Bolego C, Rossoni G, Fadini GP, Vegeto E, Pinna C, Albiero M, Boscaro E, Agostini C, Avogaro A, Gaion RM, Cignarella A. Selective estrogen receptor-alpha agonist provides widespread heart and vascular protection with enhanced endothelial progenitor cell mobilization in the absence of uterotrophic action. FASEB J 2010; 24:2262-72. [PMID: 20203089 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-139220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of estrogens on the cardiovascular system are associated with adverse effects on reproductive tissues. On the basis of previous work indicating a major role for estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha in maintaining cardiovascular health, we evaluated the tissue selectivity of the ER alpha-selective agonist propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) compared with 17beta-estradiol (E2) in vivo. Four weeks postovariectomy, equimolar doses of PPT and E2 were administered to rats in subcutaneous implants for 5 d. Both treatments restored rapid vasorelaxation of aortic tissue to estrogenic agents and prevented coronary hyperresponsiveness to angiotensin II in isolated heart preparations. Accordingly, multiple endpoints of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury exacerbated by ovariectomy returned to baseline following treatment. These protective effects were linked to increased in vivo levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Human EPC function was enhanced in vitro after PPT treatment. In sharp contrast to E2, PPT treatment had no effect on uterine weight and histomorphology except for vessel density, and failed to up-regulate classic estrogen target genes. Dissection of the effects on vascular reactivity and uterine morphology was also observed following increased exposure to PPT at a higher dose for longer time. These data provide the first in vivo evidence for tissue-specific ER alpha activation. By conferring cardiovascular protection dissected from unwanted uterotrophic effects, ER alpha-selective agonists may represent a potential safer alternative to natural hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bolego
- Department of Pharmacology and Anesthesiology, University of Padua, Largo Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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Cilurzo F, Minghetti P, Selmin F, Cupone I, Gennari C, Rossoni G, Montanari L. A new ex vivo method for assessing local pharmacokinetic after tacrolimus eluting stent deployment in rat aorta. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(10)50033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Beretta G, Rossoni G, Santagati NA, Facino RM. Anti-ischemic activity and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effect of hydrolysable tannins from the leaves of Rhus coriaria (Sumac) in isolated rabbit heart and thoracic aorta. Planta Med 2009; 75:1482-1488. [PMID: 19548191 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1185797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the cardioprotective activity of hydrolysable gallotannins from Rhus coriaria L. leaves extract (RCLE) in isolated rabbit heart preparations, submitted to low-flow ischemia/reperfusion damage. RCLE induces a dose-dependent normalization of coronary perfusion pressure (CPP), reducing left ventricular contracture during ischemia, and improving left ventricular developed pressure and the maximum rate of rise and fall of left ventricular pressure at reperfusion. Creatinine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) outflow were significantly reduced during reperfusion. In parallel there was a rise in the release of the cytoprotective 6-ketoprostaglandin F (1alpha) (6-keto-PGF (1alpha)) and a decrease of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), both significant only at the highest RCLE concentrations (150-500 microg/mL). The vasorelaxant activity of RCLE was studied in isolated rabbit aorta rings precontracted with norepinephrine (NE) with and without endothelium. The vasorelaxation induced by RCLE was predominantly endothelium-dependent as demonstrated by the loss of RCLE vasorelaxant ability in i) de-endothelized rings and ii) in intact aortic rings after pretreatment with NG-monomethyl- L-arginine (L-NMMA) and 1 H-[1.2.4]oxadiazolo[4.3- A]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ). The inhibition of vasorelaxation in intact rings by indomethacin (INDO) demonstrates the ability of RCLE to modulate the coronary endothelium cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. The K-ATP channel antagonist glibenclamide (GLIB) was ineffective. The antioxidant activity of RCLE, investigated in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) model and in living cell systems (rat erythrocytes), was stronger than that of gallic acid, ascorbic acid and trolox. The structure of its main bioactive constituents, profiled by HPLC-ESI-HR-S, comprised a mixture of polygalloylated D-glucopyranose with different degrees of galloylation and 3- O-methylgallic acid. The cardiovascular protective effect of RCLE seems to be due to an interplay of different factors: COX pathway activation, TNF-alpha inhibition, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation, and free radical and ROS scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pietro Pratesi, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Pinelli A, Trivulzio S, Brenna S, Rossoni G. Plasma cardiac necrosis markers C-troponin I and creatine kinase, associated with increased malondialdehyde levels, induced in rabbits by means of 5-aminolevulinic acid injection. Pharmacology 2009; 84:314-21. [PMID: 19844132 DOI: 10.1159/000248216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A number of papers have described high levels of 5-aminolevulinic acid in cases of heart damage due to acute myocardial infarction, acute intermittent porphyria or chronic kidney failure, but it is not known whether the heart damage is directly associated with 5-aminolevulinic acid. The aim of this study was to verify whether such an association exists by injecting rabbits with 5-aminolevulinic acid and searching for the appearance of cardiac necrosis markers and histological heart alterations, and investigate whether the cardiotoxic activity of 5-aminolevulinic acid may involve peroxidation by seeking the presence of the peroxide marker malondialdehyde. The administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid led to the appearance of c-troponin I and creatine kinase, induced histological heart alterations and increased the malondialdehyde levels. The plasma levels of malondialdehyde and cardiac necrosis markers were also measured after the injection of 5-aminolevulinic acid in combination with the daunorubicin agent inducing peroxidation. The combined administration very significantly increased the plasma levels of 5-aminolevulinic acid, malondialdehyde, and the cardiac necrosis markers c-troponin I and creatine kinase. It therefore seems that there is a close relationship between altered 5-aminolevulinic acid levels, malondialdehyde and cardiac necrosis markers, which is attributable to the capacity of 5-aminolevulinic acid to generate toxic oxygen species that damage the heart. High plasma 5-aminolevulinic acid levels should be considered a factor contributing to cardiotoxicity and to the appearance of cardiac necrosis markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaldo Pinelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Università di Milano, IT-20129 Milano, Italia.
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Bondiolotti G, Rossoni G, Puricelli M, Formentin E, Lucchini B, Poli G, Ponti W, Bareggi SR. Changes in sympathetic activity in prion neuroinvasion. Neurobiol Dis 2009; 37:114-7. [PMID: 19804827 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are neurodegenerative diseases affecting humans and animals in which the infectious agent or prion is PrP(res), a protease-resistant conformer of the cell protein PrP. The natural transmission route of prion diseases is peripheral infection, with the lymphoreticular system (LRS) and peripheral nerves being involved in animal models of scrapie neuroinvasion and human prion diseases. To study the effects of PrP neuroinvasion on sympathetic nerve function, we measured plasma catecholamine levels, blood pressure, heart rate, and PrP tissue levels in intraperitoneally or intracerebrally infected mice. The results indicate a specific alteration in sympathetic nerve function because the levels of noradrenaline (but not adrenaline) were increased in the animals infected peripherally (but not in those infected intracerebrally) and correlated with increased blood pressure. These findings confirm that prion neuroinvasion uses the sympathetic nervous system to spread from the periphery to the central nervous system after invading the LRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpietro Bondiolotti
- Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Rossi R, Basilico F, Rossoni G, Riva A, Morazzoni P, Mauri PL. Liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion trap mass spectrometry of bilobalide in plasma and brain of rats after oral administration of its phospholipidic complex. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 50:224-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Santoro A, Citterio G, Pressiani T, Gregorc V, Rimassa L, De Braud F, Rossoni G, Cappio FC, Lambiase A, Bordignon C. 6617 Phase II study of NGR-hTNF, a selective vascular targeting agent (VTA), in previously treated patients (pts) with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). EJC Suppl 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(09)71338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Santoro A, Citterio G, Pressiani T, De Braud FG, Gregorc V, Rossoni G, Donadoni G, Caligaris-Cappio F, Lambiase A, Bordignon C. Phase II study of NGR-hTNF, a selective vascular targeting agent (VTA), in previously treated patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e15500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e15500 Background: NGR-hTNF is a VTA exploiting a tumor-homing peptide (NGR) that selectively binds to aminopeptidase N (CD13) overexpressed on tumor blood vessels. In preclinical models, NGR-hTNF has shown potent anti-vascular and antitumor activity, both at low and at high doses. Methods: Patients with recurrent or metastatic HCC were treated with NGR-hTNF given intravenously at 0.8 μg/m2 as 1-hour infusion every 3 weeks (q3w). This phase II trial had a 2-stage design with 16 and a total of 27 patients to be enrolled after first and second stage, respectively. Progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary endpoint with reassessment performed q6w according to WHO criteria. Results: 27 patients with progressive disease following prior loco- regional treatment (59%), systemic therapy (56%), or both (33%) were evaluated over 86 cycles (range, 1 to 14). Patient characteristics were: median age 67 years (range, 53 to 79); M/F 21/6; PS 0/1 18/9; Child-Pugh class A/B: 21/6. No grade 3–4 treatment-related adverse events were observed. Main grade 1–2 toxicities were short-lasting infusion-related constitutional symptoms, including chills (55%). Median PFS was 2.3 months (95% CI, 1.7–2.9 months). One complete response (4%) lasting 9.0+ months was observed in a sorafenib-refractory patient and one partial response (4%) was reported in a Child-Pugh class B patient. Additionally, a 28% tumor shrinkage was detected in one out of six patients (22%) experiencing stable disease. The median PFS duration in stable or responder patients was 4.3 months (95% CI, 2.7–5.8 months). With a median follow-up of 7.6 months, the overall survival rates at 3 and 6 months were 82% and 60%, respectively. Conclusions: NGR-hTNF given at 0.8 μg/m2 every 3 weeks is well tolerated and appears to have promising antitumor activity in previously treated patients with advanced HCC. The drug will be further developed in this setting and, currently, an additional cohort of 12 patients has been enrolled and treated at same dose with a weekly schedule. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Santoro
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy; Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy; MolMed, Milan, Italy
| | - G. Citterio
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy; Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy; MolMed, Milan, Italy
| | - T. Pressiani
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy; Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy; MolMed, Milan, Italy
| | - F. G. De Braud
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy; Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy; MolMed, Milan, Italy
| | - V. Gregorc
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy; Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy; MolMed, Milan, Italy
| | - G. Rossoni
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy; Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy; MolMed, Milan, Italy
| | - G. Donadoni
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy; Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy; MolMed, Milan, Italy
| | - F. Caligaris-Cappio
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy; Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy; MolMed, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Lambiase
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy; Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy; MolMed, Milan, Italy
| | - C. Bordignon
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy; Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy; MolMed, Milan, Italy
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Shukla N, Rossoni G, Hotston M, Sparatore A, Del Soldato P, Tazzari V, Persad R, Angelini GD, Jeremy JY. Effect of hydrogen sulphide-donating sildenafil (ACS6) on erectile function and oxidative stress in rabbit isolated corpus cavernosum and in hypertensive rats. BJU Int 2009; 103:1522-9. [PMID: 19245441 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.08415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of the H(2)S-donating derivative of sildenafil (ACS6) compared to sildenafil citrate and sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS) on relaxation, superoxide formation and NADPH oxidase and type 5 phosphodiesterase (PDE5) expression in isolated rabbit cavernosal tissue and smooth muscle cells (CSMCs), and in vivo on indices of oxidative stress induced with buthionine sulphoximine (BSO). MATERIALS AND METHODS Relaxation was studied in an organ bath in response to carbachol and after incubation with interleukin-1beta for 12 h. CSMCs were incubated with tumour-necrosis factor-alpha or the thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) analogue, U46619, with or with no sildenafil citrate, ACS6 or NaHS for 16 h. Superoxide formation and the expression of p47(phox) (an active subunit of the NADPH oxidase complex) and PDE5 protein was then assessed using Western blotting. Rats were also treated with BSO (with or with no sildenafil citrate or ACS6) for 7 days; cavernosal cGMP, cAMP, glutathionine and plasma TXA(2) and 8-isoprostane F(2alpha) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS ACS6 and sildenafil citrate relaxed cavernosal smooth muscle equipotently; NaHS alone had little effect at up to 100 microm. The formation of superoxide and expression of p47(phox) and PDE5 was reduced by ACS6, sildenafil citrate and NaHS (order of potency: ACS6 > sildenafil citrate > NaHS). The effects of ACS6 were blocked by inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA) and PKG. In rats treated with BSO, both ASC6 and sildenafil citrate reduced the increased plasma levels of TXA(2) and 8-isoprostane F(2alpha) but increased cGMP, cAMP and glutathionine levels in corpus cavernosum. CONCLUSIONS By virtue of a dual action on PKA and PKG activation, ACS6 not only promotes erection, acutely, but might also have a long-term beneficial effect through inhibition of oxidative stress and downregulation of PDE5.
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Sparatore A, Perrino E, Tazzari V, Giustarini D, Rossi R, Rossoni G, Erdmann K, Schröder H, Del Soldato P. Pharmacological profile of a novel H(2)S-releasing aspirin. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:586-92. [PMID: 19100325 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Revised: 11/08/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological profile of a new, safe, and effective hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S)-releasing derivative of aspirin (ACS14) is described. We report the synthesis of ACS14, and of its deacetylated metabolite (ACS21), the preliminary pharmacokinetics, and its in vivo metabolism, with the H(2)S plasma levels after intravenous administration in the rat. ACS14 maintains the thromboxane-suppressing activity of the parent compound, but seems to spare the gastric mucosa, by affecting redox imbalance through increased H(2)S/glutathione formation, heme oxygenase-1 promoter activity, and isoprostane suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sparatore
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica "Pietro Pratesi", University of Milano, Italy.
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Citterio G, Santoro A, Scalamogna R, Pressiani T, Gregorc V, Rossoni G, Donadoni G, Caligaris-Cappio F, Lambiase A, Bordignon C. A phase II study of NGR-hTNF, a novel vascular targeting agent (VTA), administered as single agent at low dose in pretreated patients (pts) with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.15544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Rossoni G, Sparatore A, Tazzari V, Manfredi B, Del Soldato P, Berti F. The hydrogen sulphide-releasing derivative of diclofenac protects against ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the isolated rabbit heart. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 153:100-9. [PMID: 17965734 PMCID: PMC2199380 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hydrogen sulphide (H(2)S) is an endogenous gaseous mediator active in the multilevel regulation of pathophysiological functions in mammalian cardiovascular tissues. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH This study investigated the pharmacological activity of a new H(2)S-releasing derivative of diclofenac, S-diclofenac (2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]benzeneacetic acid 4-(3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione-5-yl)-phenyl ester) in the isolated rabbit heart submitted to low-flow ischaemia-reperfusion damage. KEY RESULTS S-diclofenac (3, 10 and 30 microM), despite inhibiting prostacyclin generation by cardiac tissues, achieved dose-dependent normalization of coronary perfusion pressure, reducing left ventricular contracture during ischaemia and improving left ventricular developed pressure and +/-dP/dt(max) at reperfusion. Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities in heart perfusates were significantly reduced during reperfusion. These effects were accompanied by substantial release of reduced glutathione (GSH), indicating that the H(2)S moiety may have up-regulated cysteine transport. The anti-ischaemic activities of S-diclofenac and the H(2)S-donor sodium hydro sulphide (NaHS) were partially prevented by the K(ATP) channel antagonist glibenclamide, suggesting a mechanism similar to H(2)S-induced cardioprotection in metabolic ischaemic preconditioning. Perfusion with the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine worsened the myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion damage, but this was dose-dependently prevented by S-diclofenac and NaHS, suggesting that the released H(2)S may have overcome NO deficiency. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These data show that S-diclofenac had marked anti-ischaemic activity in ischaemic-reperfused rabbit hearts despite inhibition of prostaglandin generation. Increased GSH formation leading to activation of K(ATP) channels may have contributed to this beneficial effect. The pharmacological profile of S-diclofenac and its anti-inflammatory activity, with diminished gastrointestinal side effects, offer therapeutic applications in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rossoni
- Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Braida D, Zani A, Capurro V, Rossoni G, Pegorini S, Gori E, Sala M. Diazepam Protects Against the Enhanced Toxicity of Cocaine Adulterated With Atropine. J Pharmacol Sci 2008; 107:408-18. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.08085fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Gomaraschi M, Calabresi L, Rossoni G, Iametti S, Franceschini G, Stonik JA, Remaley AT. Anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective activities of synthetic high-density lipoprotein containing apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 324:776-83. [PMID: 18042829 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.129411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mimetic peptides may represent an alternative to apoA-I for large-scale production of synthetic high-density lipoproteins (sHDL) as a therapeutic agent. In this study, the cardioprotective activity of sHDL made with either L37pA peptide or its d-stereoisomer, D37pA, was compared to sHDL made with apoA-I. The peptides were reconstituted with palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine, which yielded sHDL particles comparable to apoA-I sHDL in diameter, molecular weight, and alpha-helical content. Pretreatment of endothelial cells with either peptide sHDL reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha-stimulated vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression to the same extent as apoA-I sHDL. In an isolated rat heart model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, L37pA and D37pA sHDL significantly reduced postischemic cardiac contractile dysfunction compared to the saline control, as indicated by a 49.7 +/- 6.4% (L37pA; P < 0.001) and 53.0 +/- 9.1% (D37pA; P < 0.001) increase of left ventricular-developed pressure (LVDP) after reperfusion and by a 45.4 +/- 3.4% (L37pA; P < 0.001) and 49.6 +/- 2.6% (D37pA; P < 0.001) decrease of creatine kinase (CK) release. These effects were similar to the 51.3 +/- 3.0% (P < 0.001) increase of LVDP and 51.3 +/- 3.0 (P < 0.001) reduction of CK release induced by apoA-I sHDL. Consistent with their cardioprotective effects, all three types of sHDL particles mediated an approximate 20% (P < 0.001) reduction of cardiac tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) content and stimulated an approximate 35% (P < 0.05) increase in postischemic release of prostacyclin. In summary, L37pA and D37pA peptides can form sHDL particles that retain a similar level of protective activity as apoA-I sHDL on the endothelium and the heart; thus, apoA-I mimetic peptides may be useful therapeutic agents for the prevention of cardiac I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gomaraschi
- National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bldg. 10/Rm. 2C-433, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Marchesi M, Booth EA, Rossoni G, García RA, Hill KR, Sirtori CR, Bisgaier CL, Lucchesi BR. Apolipoprotein A-IMilano/POPC complex attenuates post-ischemic ventricular dysfunction in the isolated rabbit heart. Atherosclerosis 2007; 197:572-8. [PMID: 17945238 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Revised: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible myocardial injury is a potential consequence of coronary artery revascularization. Reperfusion leads to the production of oxidized products that can damage myocardium. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are effective at removing oxidized lipids. We hypothesized that a synthetic HDL preparation, comprising recombinant apolipoprotein A-I(Milano) (apoA-I(M)) complexed with 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC) (apoA-I(M)/POPC) would protect the heart from reperfusion injury. The ex vivo model consisted of rabbit hearts perfused by the Langendorff method. Hearts were equilibrated with Krebs-Henseleit buffer (10 min), pretreated with either apoA-I(M)/POPC (0.45 mg/mL) or vehicle (10 min), subjected to global ischemia (30 min) and reperfused for 60 min. ApoA-I(M)/POPC (n=7) prevented the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure elevation observed in the vehicle group (n=6) at the end of reperfusion (p<0.05). During reperfusion, coronary artery perfusion pressure increased in the controls (p<0.001), but not with apoA-I(M)/POPC. ApoA-I(M)/POPC reduced the release of creatine kinase at the end of the ischemic period (p<0.001). It also reduced cardiac left ventricle muscle lipid hydroperoxides by 46% (p<0.05). Direct comparison of the antioxidant potential indicated that recombinant apoA-I(M) was much more potent than apoA-I in attenuating low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Electron microscopy showed that apoA-I(M)/POPC prevented mitochondrial granulation, disorganization and sarcomere contraction band formation indicative of reperfusion injury. The apoA-I(M)/POPC complex thus appears to reduce reperfusion injury under global ischemic conditions, and may therefore have therapeutic application in the reduction of myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marchesi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
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Guazzi M, Casali M, Berti F, Rossoni G, Colonna VD, Guazzi MD. Endothelium-mediated modulation of ergoreflex and improvement in exercise ventilation by acute sildenafil in heart failure patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007; 83:336-41. [PMID: 17653139 DOI: 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reflex neural oversignaling sensitive to muscle by-products (ergoreflex) causes exercise hyperventilation in heart failure (HF). We probed whether an improved endothelial function with sildenafil intake may prevent this effect. In 16 chronic heart failure patients and 16 normal subjects, before and after sildenafil intake (50 mg) or placebo, we measured ergoreflex, flow-mediated brachial artery dilation (FMD, an index of endothelial function), and, during maximal exercise, the slope of ventilation to carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2, an index of ventilatory efficiency), the ratio of changes in O2 uptake (VO2) versus work rate (WR) (deltaVO2/deltaWR, an index of aerobic efficiency). After sildenafil intake, patients, unlike controls, showed a significant decrease in ergoreflex and VE/VCO2 slope and an increase in FMD and deltaVO2/deltaWR. Ergoreflex changes with sildenafil intake correlated with those in FMD and VE/VCO2. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition, by improving endothelial activity and muscle perfusion, modulates signaling and improves ventilatory and aerobic efficiencies, potentially indicating a novel pathway in the HF therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guazzi
- Cardiopulmonary Unit, Cardiology Division, University of Milano, San Paolo Hospital, Milano, Italy.
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Barili F, Dainese L, Cheema FH, Dell'Antonio G, Topkara VK, Rossoni G, Guarino A, Micheli B, Doglioni C, Biglioli P, Polvani G. Rates of cycling cells in cryopreserved valvular homograft: a preliminary study. Artif Organs 2007; 31:152-4. [PMID: 17298405 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2007.00355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Some investigators claim that the viability of cryopreserved human valvular homograft is necessary for the duration of implanted homograft. In this preliminary study, the percentage of cycling cells in cryopreserved valvular homografts was evaluated with the use of monoclonal Ki-67 antibody. Three human aortic valves were harvested from multiorgan donors and cryopreserved. Sections of 5 microm in thickness were stained with monoclonal Ki-67 antibody. The proportion of endothelial cells with Ki-67 positive nuclei was 1.80 +/- 0.20%. No differences in distribution were observed from basal to marginal sites. Few fibroblasts showed Ki-67-immunopositivity (0.10 +/- 0.06%) while the Ki-67 immunostaining was 0.80 +/- 0.20% in myocytes. Our preliminary study shows that cryopreserved valvular homograft cells are not only viable but they also have the potential to replicate. These data can lead to the hypothesis that valvular cells could actively replicate even after implantation, permitting cellular renewal and regeneration of extracellular matrix's components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Barili
- Approved Regional Tissue Bank, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Milan, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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Li L, Rossoni G, Sparatore A, Lee LC, Del Soldato P, Moore PK. Anti-inflammatory and gastrointestinal effects of a novel diclofenac derivative. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 42:706-19. [PMID: 17291994 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Revised: 11/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
S-diclofenac (2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]benzeneacetic acid 4-(3H-1,2,dithiol-3-thione-5-yl)phenyl ester; ACS 15) is a novel molecule comprising a hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-releasing dithiol-thione moiety attached by an ester linkage to diclofenac. S-diclofenac administration inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation (as evidenced by reduced lung and liver myeloperoxidase activity) and caused significantly less gastric toxicity than diclofenac. S-diclofenac did not affect blood pressure or heart rate of the anesthetized rat. S-diclofenac administration downregulated expression of genes encoding enzymes which synthesize nitric oxide, prostanoids, and H2S; reduced plasma IL-1beta/TNF-alpha; and elevated plasma IL-10. Reduced liver NF-kappaB p65 and AP-1/c-fos DNA-binding activity was also observed. These effects were mimicked in large part by a combination of diclofenac plus an H2S-releasing moiety (ADT-OH). Incubation of S-diclofenac (100 microM) with rat plasma or liver homogenate caused a time-dependent release of H2S, which was inhibited by sodium fluoride (10 mM). Administration of S-diclofenac (47.2 micromol/kg, i.p.) to conscious rats significantly increased plasma H2S concentration (at 45 min and 6 h). We propose that H2S release from S-diclofenac in vivo contributes to the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 18 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597
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Razzetti R, Bergamaschi M, Villetti G, Bolzoni P, Civelli M, Berti F, Rossoni G. Formoterol and beclomethasone dipropionate interact positively in antagonising bronchoconstriction and inflammation in the lung. Pharmacol Res 2007; 55:426-32. [PMID: 17336541 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2007.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2006] [Revised: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
These studies were designed to assess the pharmacodynamic interaction between formoterol and beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) in controlling the bronchoconstriction and inflammatory response induced by various challenges in guinea-pigs and rats. In anaesthetised guinea-pigs, superfusion of the formoterol/BDP combination into the tracheal lumen had significantly more effect than the single components in antagonising the bronchoconstricting and inflammatory responses to acetylcholine or ovalbumin in a standard model of airway hyper-responsiveness. After ovalbumin challenge, the combination completely protected animals from death at doses lower than those effective when given separately. The combination, at doses ineffective individually, even counteracted the development of lung oedema induced by sephadex in the rat. Finally, in tracheal strips from ovalbumin-sensitised guinea-pigs pre-treatment with BDP (30 mg kg(-1) i.m.) completely reversed the rightward shift of the formoterol dose-response curve due to beta(2)-receptor desensitisation. In conclusion, these results indicate that formoterol and BDP together induce a favourable pharmacodynamic interaction which can be considered more than additive, at least in these experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Razzetti
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Palermo 26/A, 43100 Parma, Italy.
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Rossoni G, Manfredi B, De Gennaro Colonna V, Berti M, Guazzi M, Berti F. Sildenafil reduces L-NAME-induced severe hypertension and worsening of myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion damage in the rat. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 150:567-76. [PMID: 17245365 PMCID: PMC2189760 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors are beneficial in pulmonary hypertension and congestive heart failure, the two conditions associated with coronary heart disease and ischaemia. We investigated whether sildenafil counteracts the cardiovascular alterations induced by N -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in the rat. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Sildenafil was given orally to rats at doses of 0.37, 0.75 or 1.5 mg kg-1day-1 for four weeks, either alone or with L-NAME (35-40 mg kg-1 day-1 in the drinking water). Systolic blood pressure and urinary parameters (6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha, thromboxane B2, 8-isoprostane-prostaglandin F2 and nitrite/nitrate) were measured in conscious rats. Isolated hearts were subjected to low flow ischaemia-reperfusion, and myocardial levels of guanosine 3', 5'cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) were determined. Endothelial vascular dysfunction was examined in aortic rings. KEY RESULTS Sildenafil dose-dependently prevented the rise in systolic blood pressure in L-NAME-treated rats. This activity was associated with a normalization of urinary 8-isoprostane-prostaglandin F2alpha and other biochemical parameters. In perfused hearts, the post-ischaemic ventricular dysfunction was worse in preparations from L-NAME-treated rats than in controls. Sildenafil dose-dependently reduced this effect, and creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase release were lower too. cGMP levels, which were low in myocardial tissue from L-NAME-treated rats, were restored by sildenafil. In noradrenaline-precontracted aortic rings from L-NAME-treated rats acetylcholine lost its vasorelaxant effect, and sildenafil restored it. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS In a rat model of chronic nitric oxide deprivation, where hypertension and aggravation of post-ischaemic ventricular dysfunction are associated with loss of vascular endothelium-relaxant function, sildenafil provided significant cardiovascular protection, primarily by maintaining tissue cGMP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rossoni
- Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Polvani G, Barili F, Rossoni G, Dainese L, Ossola MW, Topkara VK, Grillo F, Penza E, Tremoli E, Biglioli P. 17Beta-estradiol effects on human coronaries and grafts employed in myocardial revascularization: a preliminary study. J Cardiothorac Surg 2006; 1:46. [PMID: 17181858 PMCID: PMC1770916 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-1-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was undertaken to compare the in vitro effects of 17β-estradiol on human epicardial coronary arteries, resistance coronary arteries and on arterial vessels usually employed as grafts in surgical myocardial revascularization. Methods Coronary artery rings (descending coronary artery, right coronary artery, circumflex coronary artery, first septal branch) and arterial graft rings (internal thoracic artery, gastro-epiploic artery) obtained from human heart donors with heart not suitable to cardiac transplantation were connected to force transducer for isometric force recording. Precontracted specimens with and without endothelium were exposed to increasing concentration of 17β-estradiol (3–30–300–3000 nmol/l) and to vehicle (0.1% v/v ethanol). We also evaluated the effects of 17β-estradiol on vessels before and 20 minutes after exposure to L-monomethyl-arginine and indomethacin. Results 17β-estradiol induced a significant relaxation in all precontracted vessels (mean maximum effect: 78,6% ± 8,5). This effect was not different among the different rings and was not related to the presence of endothelium. N-monomethyl-L-arginine and indomethacin did not modify 17β-estradiol relaxant effect. Conclusion The vasodilator action of the 17β-estradiol is similar on coronary arteries, resistance coronary arteries and arterial vessels usually employed as grafts in myocardial revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Polvani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Milan, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Barili
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Milan, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rossoni
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Dainese
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Milan, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Wally Ossola
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Milan, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Veli K Topkara
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeon of Columbia University – New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, Milstein Hospital Building, 7GN-435 177 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Francesco Grillo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Milan, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Penza
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Milan, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Milan, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Biglioli
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Milan, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Synthetic high density lipoproteins (sHDL) are discoidal lipoprotein particles made of an apolipoprotein and a phospholipid, which mimic most, if not all, of the atheroprotective properties of plasma HDL, including stimulation of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), prevention of endothelial dysfunction, and inhibition of lipid oxidation. sHDL are currently under development as a novel treatment for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. A number of preclinical studies have demonstrated the ability of single or multiple injections of sHDL to induce the regression of atherosclerotic plaques and prevent arterial restenosis. In the first phase II trial in patients with acute coronary syndromes, a short-term treatment with sHDL containing the disulfide-linked dimer of the apolipoprotein A-IMilano variant (A-IM/A-IM) caused a remarkable reduction of atheroma volume. sHDL also display a direct cardioprotective activity in ex vivo and in vivo models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and may become a useful adjunctive therapy to improve clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes or undergoing coronary procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Calabresi
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Milano, Italy
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De Gennaro Colonna V, Bonomo S, Ferrario P, Bianchi M, Berti M, Guazzi M, Manfredi B, Muller EE, Berti F, Rossoni G. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) induces vascular endothelium impairment and aggravates post-ischemic ventricular dysfunction in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 557:178-85. [PMID: 17258196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2006] [Revised: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous nitric oxide (NO) inhibitor recognized as an independent risk factor for endothelial dysfunction and coronary heart diseases. This study investigated whether ADMA (10 mg/kg day for 14 days) affected endothelial function and aggravated post-ischemic ventricular dysfunction in the perfused rat heart. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate, plasma levels of ADMA and nitrite/nitrate were measured in vehicle- and ADMA-treated rats. Perfused hearts were submitted to global ischemia-reperfusion and vascular endothelial dysfunction was examined with angiotensin II in coronary vessels and aortic rings. Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) mRNA expression in aortic and cardiac tissues were measured. ADMA-treated rats had higher systolic blood pressure (1.3-fold, P<0.01) and slower heart rate (16%, P<0.05) than controls. Plasma ADMA rose (1.9-fold, P<0.01) and nitrite/nitrate concentration decreased 59% (P<0.001). Ventricular contraction (stiffness) increased significantly, with worsening of post-ischemic ventricular dysfunction. In preparations from ADMA-treated rats the coronary vasculature's response to angiotensin II was almost doubled (P<0.01) and the maximal vasorelaxant effect of acetylcholine in aortic rings was significantly lower than in preparations from vehicle-treated rats. In cardiac and aortic tissues eNOS mRNA and ACE mRNA levels were similar in controls and ADMA-treated rats. The increased plasma levels of ADMA presumably cause endothelial dysfunction because of a deficiency in NO production, which also appears involved in the aggravation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito De Gennaro Colonna
- Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, Italy.
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Bellosta S, Gomaraschi M, Canavesi M, Rossoni G, Monetti M, Franceschini G, Calabresi L. Inhibition of MMP-2 activation and release as a novel mechanism for HDL-induced cardioprotection. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:5974-8. [PMID: 17052715 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 10/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High density lipoproteins (HDL) protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) directly contributes to cardiac contractile dysfunction after I/R. To investigate the possible involvement of MMP-2 inhibition in HDL-mediated cardioprotection, isolated rat hearts underwent 20 min of low-flow ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion. Plasma-derived and synthetic HDL attenuated the I/R-induced cardiac MMP-2 activation and release in a dose-dependent way. The attenuation of I/R-induced MMP-2 activation by HDL correlated with the reduction of post-ischemic contractile dysfunction and cardiomyocyte necrosis. These results indicate prevention of MMP-2 activation as a novel mechanism for HDL-mediated cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bellosta
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milano, Italy
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Novelli A, Groppetti A, Rossoni G, Manfredi B, Ferrero-Gutiérrez A, Pérez-Gómez A, Desogus CM, Fernández-Sánchez MT. Nefopam is more potent than carbamazepine for neuroprotection against veratridine in vitro and has anticonvulsant properties against both electrical and chemical stimulation. Amino Acids 2006; 32:323-32. [PMID: 17021653 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-006-0419-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nefopam (NEF) is a known analgesic that has recently been shown to be effective in controlling both neuropathic pain and convulsions in rodents. In this study we compared nefopam to carbamazepine (CBZ), a reference antiepileptic drug (AED), for their ability to protect cerebellar neuronal cultures from neurodegeneration induced by veratridine (VTD). Furthermore, we tested nefopam for protection against both, maximal electroshock-induced seizures (MES), and isoniazid-induced seizures in mice. Both NEF and CBZ were effective in preventing both signs of excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration following exposure of cultures to 5 microM veratridine for 30 min and 24 h, respectively. Concentrations providing full neuroprotection were 500 microM CBZ and 50 microM NEF, while the concentration providing 50% neuroprotection was 200 microM for CBZ and 20 microM for NEF. Neither NEF nor CBZ reduced excitotoxicity following direct exposure of cultures to glutamate, but CBZ failed to reduce increases in intracellular calcium following stimulation of L-type voltage sensitive calcium channels. In vivo, NEF (20 mg/kg i.p.) significantly reduced MES and fully prevented MES-induced terminal clonus (TC). In comparison, NEF was significantly more effective than CBZ in preventing MES, although both drugs were equally effective against MES-induced TC. Furthermore, nefopam provided protection against isoniazid-induced seizures at doses similar to those protecting against MES.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Novelli
- Department of Psychology/Psychobiology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
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