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Mahajan H, Mallinson PAC, Lieber J, Bhogadi S, Banjara SK, Reddy VS, Reddy GB, Kulkarni B, Kinra S. The Association of Total Meat Intake with Cardio-Metabolic Disease Risk Factors and Measures of Sub-Clinical Atherosclerosis in an Urbanising Community of Southern India: A Cross-Sectional Analysis for the APCAPS Cohort. Nutrients 2024; 16:746. [PMID: 38474874 PMCID: PMC10934090 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Meat is commonly consumed in India; however, in comparison to Western settings, it is eaten in relatively lower quantities and with minimal processing. The association between meat intake and cardio-metabolic diseases (CMDs) and their risk factors in India is currently uncertain. We examined whether meat intake is associated with risk factors for CMDs and the measures of subclinical atherosclerosis in urbanising villages in southern India. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 6012 adults (52.3% male) participating in the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents' Study (APCAPS), which is a large prospective, intergenerational cohort study in Southern India that began with the long-term follow-up of the Hyderabad Nutrition Trial (1987-1990). We used cross-sectional data from the third wave of data collection conducted in 2010-2012, where total meat intake was assessed using 100-item, semi-quantitative validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). The FFQs were validated using multiple weighed 24 h dietary recalls. The main predictor, 'total meat intake', was calculated as the sum of chicken, red meat, and fish consumption. The risk factors for CMDs [systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting glucose, total cholesterol, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein] and measures of subclinical atherosclerosis [Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Pulse Wave Velocity, and Augmentation Index] were assessed using standardised clinical procedures. Stratified by gender, the association of meat intake with the risk factors of CMDs and measures of subclinical atherosclerosis was examined using linear multilevel models with random intercept at the household level. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the male (n = 3128) and female participants (n = 2828) was 34.09 years (15.55) and 34.27 years (12.73), respectively. The median (IQR) intake of meat was 17.79 g/day (8.90, 30.26) in males and 8.90 g/day (4.15, 18.82) in females. In males, a 10 g increase in total meat intake/1000 Kcal/day was positively associated with DBP, BMI, WC, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides, whereas in females, a 10 g increase in total meat intake/1000 Kcal/day was positively associated with SBP, DBP, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides. There was no relationship between meat consumption and measures of subclinical atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Meat intake had a linear positive association with CMD risk factors among the relatively younger Indian population who were consuming meat at lower levels compared to their European counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Mahajan
- Indian Council of Medical Research—National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, India; (S.B.); (S.K.B.); (V.S.R.); (G.B.R.)
| | - Poppy Alice Carson Mallinson
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (J.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Judith Lieber
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (J.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Santhi Bhogadi
- Indian Council of Medical Research—National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, India; (S.B.); (S.K.B.); (V.S.R.); (G.B.R.)
| | - Santosh Kumar Banjara
- Indian Council of Medical Research—National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, India; (S.B.); (S.K.B.); (V.S.R.); (G.B.R.)
| | - Vadde Sudhakar Reddy
- Indian Council of Medical Research—National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, India; (S.B.); (S.K.B.); (V.S.R.); (G.B.R.)
| | - Geereddy Bhanuprakash Reddy
- Indian Council of Medical Research—National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, India; (S.B.); (S.K.B.); (V.S.R.); (G.B.R.)
| | | | - Sanjay Kinra
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (J.L.); (S.K.)
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Bhattarai B, Thapa HB, Bashyal S, Thapa SK, Chaudhuri S, Agiwal V, Pant H, Singh S, Mahajan H. Structured Counselling and Regular Telephonic follow up to improve Referral flow and compliance in Nepal for Diabetic Retinopathy(SCREEN-D Study): a randomised controlled trial. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:188. [PMID: 38336691 PMCID: PMC10858536 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is an emerging public health issue, leading to severe visual impairment or blindness. Early identification and prompt treatment play a key role in achieving good visual outcomes. The objective of the study was to estimate the effectiveness of SCREEN package on improving referral compliance from peripheral centres to a tertiary eye centre in Nepal. METHODS In this facility-based cluster-randomized trial, ten out of 19 referring centres of the tertiary eye care centre in Lumbini zone, Nepal were randomized into intervention and control groups. A SCREEN packagewereprovided as intervention for DR patients who require advanced treatment in the tertiary centres and was compared with the current practice of the control arm, where structured counselling and follow-up mechanism are absent. Compliance was estimated by a weekly follow-up between the referring centre and the referred hospital. RESULTS We recruited 302 participantsof whom 153 were in the intervention arm. The mean age of the participants was 57.8 years (Standard deviation [SD]±11.7 years). With implementation of SCREEN package71.2% (n=109) in the intervention group and 42.9% (n=64) in the control group were compliant till three months of follow-up (Difference 28.3%, 95% CI: 17.6- 39.0, p<0.05). Compliance was 43% (n=66) with counselling alone, and 66% (n=103) with first telephonic follow-up in the intervention arm. The mean duration to reach the referral centre was 14.7 days (SD± 9.4 days) and 18.2 days (SD± 9.1 days) in the intervention and the control arm, respectively (Difference 3.5 days, 95% CI: 0.7 to 6.4 days). CONCLUSIONS Counselling& follow-up to patients is the key factor to improve the utilization of the health services by patients with DR. Health systems must be strengthened by optimizing the existing referral structure in Nepal. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration and Results System, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04834648 , 08/04/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binita Bhattarai
- Lumbini Eye Institute and Research center, Siddharthanagar, Lumbini, Nepal.
- Lumbini Eye Institute and Research Centre, Bhairahawa, Nepal.
| | - Hari Bahadur Thapa
- Lumbini Eye Institute and Research center, Siddharthanagar, Lumbini, Nepal
| | - Sandip Bashyal
- Lumbini Eye Institute and Research center, Siddharthanagar, Lumbini, Nepal
| | | | | | - Varun Agiwal
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad (IIPH-H), Hyderabad, India
| | - Hira Pant
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad (IIPH-H), Hyderabad, India
| | - Samiksha Singh
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad (IIPH-H), Hyderabad, India
| | - Hemant Mahajan
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad (IIPH-H), Hyderabad, India
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Lieber J, Banjara SK, Mallinson PAC, Mahajan H, Bhogadi S, Addanki S, Birk N, Song W, Shah AS, Kurmi O, Iyer G, Kamalakannan S, Kishore Galla R, Sadanand S, Dasi T, Kulkarni B, Kinra S. Burden, determinants, consequences and care of multimorbidity in rural and urbanising Telangana, India: protocol for a mixed-methods study within the APCAPS cohort. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073897. [PMID: 38011977 PMCID: PMC10685937 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The epidemiological and demographic transitions are leading to a rising burden of multimorbidity (co-occurrence of two or more chronic conditions) worldwide. Evidence on the burden, determinants, consequences and care of multimorbidity in rural and urbanising India is limited, partly due to a lack of longitudinal and objectively measured data on chronic health conditions. We will conduct a mixed-methods study nested in the prospective Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents' Study (APCAPS) cohort to develop a data resource for understanding the epidemiology of multimorbidity in rural and urbanising India and developing interventions to improve the prevention and care of multimorbidity. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We aim to recruit 2100 APCAPS cohort members aged 45+ who have clinical and lifestyle data collected during a previous cohort follow-up (2010-2012). We will screen for locally prevalent non-communicable, infectious and mental health conditions, alongside cognitive impairments, disabilities and frailty, using a combination of self-reported clinical diagnosis, symptom-based questionnaires, physical examinations and biochemical assays. We will conduct in-depth interviews with people with varying multimorbidity clusters, their informal carers and local healthcare providers. Deidentified data will be made available to external researchers. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has received approval from the ethics committees of the National Institute of Nutrition and Indian Institute of Public Health Hyderabad, India and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK. Meta-data and data collection instruments will be published on the APCAPS website alongside details of existing APCAPS data and the data access process (www.lshtm.ac.uk/research/centres-projects-groups/apcaps).
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Lieber
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, UK
| | | | - Poppy Alice Carson Mallinson
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, UK
| | - Hemant Mahajan
- National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | | | - Nick Birk
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, UK
| | - Wenbo Song
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, UK
- Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Anoop Sv Shah
- Centre for Global Chronic Conditions, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Om Kurmi
- Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Gowri Iyer
- Indian Institute of Public Health Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sureshkumar Kamalakannan
- SACDIR, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
- International Center for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Shilpa Sadanand
- Indian Institute of Public Health Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Teena Dasi
- National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bharati Kulkarni
- National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Kinra
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, UK
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Mahajan H, Reddy N, Devi NGM, Poli UR, Jayaram M, Tetali S, Murthy GVS. Projected cancer burden, challenges, and barriers to cancer prevention and control activities in the state of Telangana. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278357. [PMID: 37450553 PMCID: PMC10348541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The Telangana cancer care program is a proactive, comprehensive initiative encompassing infrastructure development, human resource skilling and ensuring financial protection to those below poverty line. The broad aim of this exercise was to identify modalities to augment the Telangana State Cancer Control Plan to implement a sustainable comprehensive cancer care model for Telangana. METHODS We conducted in-depth interviews of stakeholders (17 patients and 25 health care providers) to identify barriers and challenges to access existing cancer care system in Telangana; calculated the magnitude of cancer and commensurate workload (in terms of visits to tertiary cancer care system for cancer management and human and equipment requirement) for the next 15 years (from 2022 to 2037). Using the anecdotal evidence and information from stakeholders' interviews, we developed patient-journey funnels for oral, breast, and cervical cancer patients to highlight patient leakages at various levels of cancer care. RESULTS We estimated a 13%, 28%, and 44.7% increase in the number of new cancer cases and the resultant workload (number of visits to health care centre, chemotherapy sessions, radiotherapy sessions, surgeries, specialized human resources and equipment), for the year 2027, 2032, and 2037, respectively, compared to the year 2022. The stakeholders mentioned 'delayed access' to healthcare system as the main reason for the poor prognosis of patients. The common reasons cited for 'delayed access' were: poor cancer-literacy including prevailing myths and misconception, financial barriers, and rural residence. The patient journey funnel for cancer care revealed a major leakage from 'screened-positive' to 'diagnosis confirmation' step. The estimated patient leakage varied from ~70% to 90% from 'screened-positive' till 'treatment completion'. CONCLUSION In this study, we anticipated a steady increase in the number of new cancers cases and resultant workload for the state of Telangana from the year 2022 to 2037. This may further be accompanied with limited access or utilization of cancer care system. To manage this public health issue, government should take appropriate measures to improve cancer literacy at the community level as well as increase human resources and necessary equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Mahajan
- Department of Public Health, Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Neha Reddy
- Department of Public Health, Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - N. G. Marina Devi
- Department of Public Health, Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Usha Rani Poli
- Department of Public Health, Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - M Jayaram
- Department of Public Health, Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shailaja Tetali
- Department of Public Health, Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - G. V. S. Murthy
- Department of Public Health, Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Kumar A, Mahajan H, Chaturvedi S, Kumar A, Kumar S, Sahoo GC, Das VNR, Pandey K. Hepatitis C virus seroprevalence among patients enrolled at the opioid substitution therapy center in Bihar: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287333. [PMID: 37319276 PMCID: PMC10270565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection poses a major public health challenge in Indian settings due to its huge population and easy transmissibility of HCV among individuals who inject drugs (PWID, which is increasing in India). The National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), India has started the Opioid Substitution Therapy (OST) centers to improve the health status of opioid dependent PWID and prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS among them. We conducted a cross-sectional study to find out the HCV sero-positive status and associated determinants in patients attending the OST centre in the ICMR-RMRIMS, Patna. MATERIALS AND METHODS We utilized the routinely collected (as a part of the National AIDS Control Program) and de-identified data from the OST center from 2014 to 2022 (N = 268). We abstracted the information for exposure variables (such as socio-demographic features and drug history) and outcome variable (HCV serostatus). The association of exposure variables with HCV serostatus was examined using robust Poisson regression. RESULTS All the enrolled participants were male and the prevalence of HCV seropositivity was 28% [95% confidence interval (CI): 22.7% - 33.8%)]. There was a rising prevalence of HCV seropositivity with number of years of injection use (p-trend <0.001) and age (p-trend 0.025). Approximately, 6.3% participants were injecting drugs for >10 years and reported the maximum prevalence of HCV seropositivity (47.1%, 95% CI: 23.3%-70.8%). In adjusted analyses, being employed compared to unemployed patients [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.38-0.89]; graduated patients compared to illiterate patients [aPR = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.02-0.78]; and patients with education up to higher secondary compared to illiterate patients [aPR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.43-0.94] had significantly lesser HCV seropositivity. A-one year increase in injection use [aPR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.04-1.10] was associated with 7% higher prevalence of HCV seropositivity. CONCLUSIONS In this OST center-based study of 268 PWIDs residing in Patna, ~28% of patients were HCV seropositive, which was positively associated with years of injection use, unemployment, and illiteracy. Our findings suggest that OST centers offer an opportunity to reach a high-risk difficult to reach group for HCV infection and thus support the notion of integrating HCV care into the OST or de-addiction centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Indian Council of Medical Research—Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Hemant Mahajan
- Indian Council of Medical Research—Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Sanjay Chaturvedi
- Indian Council of Medical Research—Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Indian Council of Medical Research—Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Shiril Kumar
- Indian Council of Medical Research—Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Ganesh Chandra Sahoo
- Indian Council of Medical Research—Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Vidya Nand Rabi Das
- Indian Council of Medical Research—Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Krishna Pandey
- Indian Council of Medical Research—Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
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Chouksey P, Yadav NS, Hazari P, Saxena V, Mahajan H, Narwani S, Somkuwar K, Alzahrani AH, Alqahtani SM, Robaian A, Alamoudi A, Zidane B, Albar N, Baeshen HA, Patil S. In Vitro Evaluation of marginal adaptation of polyether ether ketone and zirconia copings. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:701-708. [PMID: 37470642 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_701_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has emerged as a new thermoplastic material with potential applications as a restorative material. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the marginal adaptation of PEEK copings compared to zirconia copings using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Materials and Methods A freshly extracted maxillary central incisor was prepared for a full-coverage restoration following standard principles of tooth preparation. The tooth was sent to a laboratory for fabrication of samples using computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Twenty samples of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) copings (group A) and 20 of zirconia copings were fabricated (group B). The copings were scanned under a field emission scanning electron microscope and measurements were taken at four distinct points. The marginal adaptation over the buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal margins for both groups was evaluated. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t test were applied. Results Our findings indicate that PEEK showed better marginal adaptation than zirconia at all measurement points. The mean marginal gap value of the PEEK group was 33.99 ± 8.81 μm and of the zirconia group was 56.21 ± 15.07 μm. On comparing marginal adaptation among the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual aspects, PEEK showed better adaptation on all four margins, with the best adaptation on the buccal margin that had the lowest mean gap value of 29.27 ± 6.07 μm. The zirconia group adapted best at the distal margin, with a lowest mean gap value of 53.58 ± 15.25 μm (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion PEEK copings had better marginal adaptation and fit compared to zirconia copings. It may have applications as a restorative material in fixed prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chouksey
- Peoples Dental Academy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - N S Yadav
- Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge and Implantology, Peoples Dental Academy, Peoples University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - P Hazari
- Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge and Implantology, Peoples Dental Academy, Peoples University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - V Saxena
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - H Mahajan
- Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge and Implantology, Peoples Dental Academy, Peoples University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - S Narwani
- Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge and Implantology, Peoples Dental Academy, Peoples University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - K Somkuwar
- Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge and Implantology, Peoples Dental Academy, Peoples University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - A H Alzahrani
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif- 90813, Saudi Arabia
| | - S M Alqahtani
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Robaian
- Conservative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj- 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alamoudi
- Oral Biology Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah- 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - B Zidane
- Restorative Dentistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah- 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Albar
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry Jazan University, Jazan- 45412, Saudi Arabia
| | - H A Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UTAH-84095, USA; Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Singh MK, Mohan P, Mahajan H, Kaushik C. Technical and clinical assessment of latest technology SiPM integrated digital PETCT scanner. Radiography (Lond) 2023; 29:705-711. [PMID: 37187068 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to conduct a technical and clinical evaluation of a Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) integrated digital Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography (PETCT) Scanner using National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU 2- 2018 standards. METHODS System sensitivity was measured by using a NEMA sensitivity phantom. Scatter fraction, count-rate performance, accuracy of count loss, and timing resolution were all computed. Clinical images were acquired and image quality was assessed and compared with published studies. RESULTS At 1 cm, tangential, radial, and axial spatial resolutions were 3.02 mm, 3.02 mm, and 2.73 mm at full width half maximum (FWHM), respectively. Sensitivity at centre and 10 cm was 10.359 cps/kBq and 9.741 cps/kBq, respectively. The timing resolution was measured at 372 ps. CONCLUSION The digital PETCT exhibits a high-spatial resolution and a superior timing resolution, which advances the diagnostic ability to detect small lesions and boosts the diagnostic confidence. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Increases clinical relevance by improving the ability to detect and differentiate tiny or low-contrast lesions without compromising radiopharmaceutical dose or overall scan time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Singh
- Medikabazaar, Technopolis Knowledge Park, Mumbai, 400093, India
| | - P Mohan
- Mahajan Imaging, Hauz Khas Enclave, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - H Mahajan
- Mahajan Imaging, Hauz Khas Enclave, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - C Kaushik
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom.
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Zhao C, Mahajan H, Dinh P, Nahar N, Hughes T, Ngui N. P070 An update on radiation-induced angiosarcoma of the breast: A diagnostic and management challenge. Breast 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(23)00188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Grover
- Department of Radiology and Imaging- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi - 110029
| | - P Gupta
- Department of Radiology and Imaging- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi - 110029
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Radiology and Imaging- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi - 110029
| | - H Mahajan
- Department of Radiology and Imaging- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi - 110029
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Mahajan H, Zaid M, Mackey R, Kadota A, Vishnu A, Fujiyoshi A, Vasudha A, Hisamatsu T, Evans R, Okamura T, Miura K, Kuller L, Ueshima H, Sekikawa A. Lipoprotein particles and coronary artery calcium in middle-aged US-White and Japanese men. Open Heart 2020; 6:e001119. [PMID: 31921430 PMCID: PMC6937418 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2019-001119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This cross-sectional study examined whether contrasting distributions of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-measured lipoproteins contribute to differences in the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis measured using coronary artery calcium (CAC) between the two groups of middle-aged males: the US-residing Caucasian (US-White) and Japan-residing Japanese (Japanese). Methods In a population-based study of 570 randomly selected asymptomatic men aged 40–49 years (270 US-White and 300 Japanese), we examined the relationship between race/ethnicity, NMR-measured lipoproteins and CAC (measured by Electron Beam CT and quantified using the Agatston method) using multivariable robust Poisson regression adjusting for traditional and novel risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). Results The US-White compared with the Japanese had significantly different NMR-measured lipoprotein particle distributions. The US-White had a significantly higher prevalence of CAC≥10 (CAC-prevalence) compared with the Japanese adjusting for CHD risk factors (prevalence ratio (PR)=2.10; 95% CI=1.24 to 3.48), and this difference was partially attenuated (~18%) with further adjustment for lipoprotein levels (PR=1.73; 95% CI=1.02 to 3.08). There was no reclassification improvement with further addition of lipoproteins particle concentrations/size to a model that already included traditionally measured lipids (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides), cardiovascular risk factors, and inflammatory markers (net reclassification improvement index=−2% to 3%). Conclusions Variations in the distribution of NMR-measured lipoprotein particles partially accounted for the difference in the CAC-prevalence between middle-aged US-White and Japanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Mahajan
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maryam Zaid
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Rachel Mackey
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aya Kadota
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Abhishek Vishnu
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Ahuja Vasudha
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Takashi Hisamatsu
- Shimane University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Rhobert Evans
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Lewis Kuller
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Akira Sekikawa
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Mahajan H, Choo J, Masaki K, Fujiyoshi A, Guo J, Evans R, Shangguan S, Willcox B, Barinas-Mitchell E, Kadota A, Miura K, Kuller L, Shin C, Ueshima H, Sekikawa A. Serum long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and aortic calcification in middle-aged men: The population-based cross-sectional ERA-JUMP study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:837-846. [PMID: 31151884 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Few studies have examined the association of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFAs) with the measures of atherosclerosis in the general population. This study aimed to examine the relationship of total LCn-3PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with aortic calcification. METHODS AND RESULTS In a multiethnic population-based cross-sectional study of 998 asymptomatic men aged 40-49 years (300 US-White, 101 US-Black, 287 Japanese American, and 310 Japanese in Japan), we examined the relationship of serum LCn-3PUFAs to aortic calcification (measured by electron-beam computed tomography and quantified using the Agatston method) using Tobit regression and ordinal logistic regression after adjusting for potential confounders. Overall 56.5% participants had an aortic calcification score (AoCaS) > 0. The means (SD) of total LCn-3PUFAs, EPA, and DHA were 5.8% (3.3%), 1.4% (1.3%), and 3.7% (2.1%), respectively. In multivariable-adjusted Tobit regression, a 1-SD increase in total LCn-3PUFAs, EPA, and DHA was associated with 29% (95% CI = 0.51, 1.00), 9% (95% CI = 0.68, 1.23), and 35% (95% CI = 0.46, 0.91) lower AoCaS, respectively. Results were similar in ordinal logistic regression analysis. There was no significant interaction between race/ethnicity and total LCn-3PUFAs, EPA or DHA on aortic calcification. CONCLUSIONS This study showed the significant inverse association of LCn-3PUFAs with aortic calcification independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors among men in the general population. This association appeared to be driven by DHA but not EPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Mahajan
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Jina Choo
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kamal Masaki
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, and Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA.
| | - Akira Fujiyoshi
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Jingchuan Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Rhobert Evans
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Siyi Shangguan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Bradley Willcox
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, and Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA.
| | - Emma Barinas-Mitchell
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Aya Kadota
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan; Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan; Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Lewis Kuller
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Chol Shin
- Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hirotusugu Ueshima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan; Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Akira Sekikawa
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Sekikawa A, Mahajan H, Kadowaki S, Hisamatsu T, Miyagawa N, Fujiyoshi A, Kadota A, Maegawa H, Murata K, Miura K, Edmundowicz D, Ueshima H. Association of blood levels of marine omega-3 fatty acids with coronary calcification and calcium density in Japanese men. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 73:783-792. [PMID: 30050076 PMCID: PMC6348058 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Clinical trials of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) among high-risk groups in Japan in which consumption of mairne-omega-3 fatty acids (OM3) is much higher than other countries showed slower progression of coronary atherosclerosis. We aimed to determine the cross-sectional associations of coronary artery calcification (CAC) and calcium density with OM3, EPA, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two principal OM3, in the general population in Japan. SUBJECTS/METHODS The Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis examined a population-based sample of 1074 men aged 40-79 in 2006-08 for computed tomography-measured CAC score (CCS), a well-established biomarker of coronary atherosclerosis, CAC density score (CDS), a potential marker of plaque stabilization, serum levels of OM3, and risk factors. RESULTS Prevalence of CCS > 0, ≥ 100, and ≥ 300 was 65.8%, 25.9%, and 12.9%, respectively; the mean (SD) OM3, EPA, and DHA were 10.1% (3.2), 3.2% (1.7), and 5.9% (1.6), respectively. Odds ratios (95% CI, p-value) of CCS 0, 100, and 300 in ordinal logistic regression associated with 1 SD increase of OM3, EPA, and DHA were 0.91 (0.81-1.03, p = 0.12), 0.99 (0.88-1.11, p = 0.87) and 0.84 (0.74-0.94, p = < 0.01), respectively. The inverse association of DHA with CCS remained significant in multivariate-adjusted model: odds ratio of 0.87 (0.77-0.99, p = 0.03). Blood levels of OM3, EPA, or DHA did not have any significant associations with CDS. CONCLUSIONS DHA but not EPA had a significant inverse association with coronary atherosclerosis in the general population with high levels of OM3. Future trials are warranted comparing the effect of high-dose DHA and EPA on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular outcomes.
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Grants
- (A) 25253046 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT)
- R01 HL068200 NHLBI NIH HHS
- (B) 26293140 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT)
- RF1AG051615 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- (A) 15H02528 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT)
- (A) 13307016 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT)
- no number GlaxoSmithKline (GlaxoSmithKline Plc.)
- (A) 21249043 MEXT | National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS)
- (A) 23249036 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT)
- (B) 21790579 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT)
- (A) 17209023 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT)
- RF1 AG051615 NIA NIH HHS
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sekikawa
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Hemant Mahajan
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sayaka Kadowaki
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takashi Hisamatsu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akira Fujiyoshi
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Aya Kadota
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Murata
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Daniel Edmundowicz
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Mahajan H, Choo J, Masaki K, Fujiyoshi A, Guo J, Hisamatsu T, Evans R, Shangguan S, Willcox B, Okamura T, Vishnu A, Barinas-Mitchell E, Ahuja V, Miura K, Kuller L, Shin C, Ueshima H, Sekikawa A. Data on alcohol consumption and coronary artery calcification among asymptomatic middle-aged men for the ERA-JUMP study. Data Brief 2018; 17:1091-1098. [PMID: 29876466 PMCID: PMC5988411 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Data presented in this article are supplementary data to our primary article ‘Association of Alcohol Consumption and Aortic Calcification in Healthy Men Aged 40–49 Years for the ERA JUMP Study’ [1]. In this article, we have presented supplementary tables showing the independent association of alcohol consumption with coronary artery calcification using Tobit conditional regression and ordinal logistic regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Mahajan
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 North Bellefield Avenue, Suite 546, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jina Choo
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kamal Masaki
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, and Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Akira Fujiyoshi
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Jingchuan Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 North Bellefield Avenue, Suite 546, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Takashi Hisamatsu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Rhobert Evans
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 North Bellefield Avenue, Suite 546, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Siyi Shangguan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bradley Willcox
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, and Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Abhishek Vishnu
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 North Bellefield Avenue, Suite 546, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Emma Barinas-Mitchell
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 North Bellefield Avenue, Suite 546, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Vasudha Ahuja
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 North Bellefield Avenue, Suite 546, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Lewis Kuller
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 North Bellefield Avenue, Suite 546, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Chol Shin
- Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akira Sekikawa
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 North Bellefield Avenue, Suite 546, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Mahajan H, Choo J, Masaki K, Fujiyoshi A, Guo J, Hisamatsu T, Evans R, Shangguan S, Willcox B, Okamura T, Vishnu A, Barinas-Mitchell E, Ahuja V, Miura K, Kuller L, Shin C, Ueshima H, Sekikawa A. Association of alcohol consumption and aortic calcification in healthy men aged 40-49 years for the ERA JUMP Study. Atherosclerosis 2017; 268:84-91. [PMID: 29195109 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several studies have reported a significant inverse association of light to moderate alcohol consumption with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, studies assessing the relationship between alcohol consumption and atherosclerosis have reported inconsistent results. The current study was conducted to determine the relationship between alcohol consumption and aortic calcification. METHODS We addressed the research question using data from the population-based ERA-JUMP Study, comprising of 1006 healthy men aged 40-49 years, without clinical cardiovascular diseases, from four race/ethnicities: 301 Whites, 103 African American, 292 Japanese American, and 310 Japanese in Japan. Aortic calcification was assessed by electron-beam computed tomography and quantified using the Agatston method. Alcohol consumption was categorized into four groups: 0 (non-drinkers), ≤1 (light drinkers), >1 to ≤3 (moderate drinkers) and >3 drinks per day (heavy drinkers) (1 drink = 12.5 g of ethanol). Tobit conditional regression and ordinal logistic regression were used to investigate the association of alcohol consumption with aortic calcification after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and potential confounders. RESULTS The study participants consisted of 25.6% nondrinkers, 35.3% light drinkers, 23.5% moderate drinkers, and 15.6% heavy drinkers. Heavy drinkers [Tobit ratio (95% CI) = 2.34 (1.10, 4.97); odds ratio (95% CI) = 1.67 (1.11, 2.52)] had significantly higher expected aortic calcification score compared to nondrinkers, after adjusting for socio-demographic and confounding variables. There was no significant interaction between alcohol consumption and race/ethnicity on aortic calcification. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that heavy alcohol consumption may be an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Mahajan
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Jina Choo
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kamal Masaki
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, and Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Akira Fujiyoshi
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Jingchuan Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Takashi Hisamatsu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Rhobert Evans
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Siyi Shangguan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bradley Willcox
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, and Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Abhishek Vishnu
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emma Barinas-Mitchell
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vasudha Ahuja
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Lewis Kuller
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chol Shin
- Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea, University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akira Sekikawa
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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15
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Mahajan H, Thynne T, Gabb GM, Poh EW. Drug safety in Aboriginal Australians: three cases of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor angioedema. Intern Med J 2015; 45:231-3. [PMID: 25650541 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Mahajan
- Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Mahajan H, Chandu GS, Mishra SK. An in vitro study of the effect of design of repair surface on the transverse strength of repaired acrylic resin using autopolymerizing resin. Niger J Clin Pract 2014; 17:38-42. [DOI: 10.4103/1119-3077.122833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mahajan H, Kambali T, Chokhandre M, Borle A, Padvi M. Health Intervention Impact Assessment on Glycemic Status of Diabetic patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5923/j.diabetes.20120105.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Bhavsar S, Mahajan H, Kulkarni R. Assessment of the Nutritional Status and Immunization Coverage of Anganwadi Children in Rafiq Nagar, Mumbai. PHR 2013. [DOI: 10.5923/j.phr.20120206.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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19
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Bilous M, E-Elder E, French J, Pathmanathan N, Salisbury E, Mahajan H, Sharma R. 410 Optimising Intraoperative Assessment of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer – One Step Nucleic Acid Amplification Assay Compared with Imprint Cytology. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)70476-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Carr NJ, Mahajan H, Tan KL, Hawkins NJ, Ward RL. Serrated and non-serrated polyps of the colorectum: their prevalence in an unselected case series and correlation of BRAF mutation analysis with the diagnosis of sessile serrated adenoma. J Clin Pathol 2009; 62:516-8. [PMID: 19126563 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2008.061960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the prevalence of colorectal polyps of different types in an unselected population, and to correlate the morphological diagnoses with BRAF mutation analysis. METHODS Cases of colorectal polyps diagnosed at endoscopy were retrieved from the files of Southern.IML Pathology. All slides were reviewed and the lesions classified histologically. A diagnosis of sessile serrated adenoma was made even if the characteristic features were present only focally. If there was more than one polyp of a particular type in any patient, one lesion was chosen at random so that the results represent the number of patients with each type of polyp rather than the total number of polyps. A proportion of the polyps was subjected to BRAF mutation analysis. RESULTS A total of 1479 patients were identified. Non-serrated ("conventional") adenomas were found in 964 patients (65%), hyperplastic polyps in 437 (30%), sessile serrated adenomas in 57 (3.9%), traditional serrated adenomas in 11 (0.7%) and mixed hyperplastic adenomatous polyps in 10 (0.7%). BRAF V600E mutation analysis was performed in 148 selected cases; mutations were found in 44/49 (90%) of lesions diagnosed as sessile serrated adenoma, in 10/34 (29%) of hyperplastic polyps of microvesicular type, in 4/11 (36%) of traditional serrated adenomas, in 10/10 (100%) of mixed hyperplastic adenomatous polyps, and in 2/42 (5%) of "conventional" adenomas. CONCLUSIONS Sessile serrated adenomas are encountered commonly in routine endoscopy practice. The histological diagnosis correlates strongly with the presence of BRAF mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Carr
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
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Sachin S, Senthil Kumaran S, Singh S, Goyal V, Shukla G, Mahajan H, Behari M. Functional mapping in PD and PSP for sustained phonation and phoneme tasks. J Neurol Sci 2008; 273:51-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Craniometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD) is a rare congenital bone dysplasia with abnormal bony overgrowth leading to characteristic facial features and cranial nerve compression. We present a 10-year-old child with bony swelling at the nasal root since birth along with decreased hearing in both ears. She had normal developmental milestones and intelligence. On examination, she had bossing of forehead with very broad nasal root, short septum, hypertelorism and epicanthic folds. CT scan with 3D reconstruction revealed grossly thickened calvarium and hyperostosis and sclerosis of the cranial base. As the major concern of the parents was cosmetic, craniofacial reconstruction was performed with good cosmetic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F U Ahmad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical sciences, New Delhi, India
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Mahajan H, Kolka CM, Newman JMB, Rattigan S, Richards SM, Clark MG. Vascular and metabolic effects of methacholine in relation to insulin action in muscle. Diabetologia 2006; 49:713-23. [PMID: 16477439 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-0110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2005] [Accepted: 10/18/2005] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Methacholine (MC) is a nitric oxide vasodilator, but unlike other vasodilators, it potentiates insulin-mediated glucose uptake by muscle. The present study aimed to resolve whether this action was the result of a vascular effect of MC leading to increased muscle perfusion or a direct effect of MC on the myocytes. We hypothesise that vascular-mediated insulin-stimulated glucose uptake responses to MC occur at lower doses than direct myocyte MC-mediated increases in glucose uptake. METHODS The vascular and metabolic effects of this vasodilator were examined in rats in vivo using a novel local infusion technique, and in the pump-perfused rat hindlimb under conditions of constant flow. RESULTS Local infusion of low-dose MC (0.3 micromol/l) into the epigastric artery of one leg (test) in vivo markedly increased femoral blood flow and decreased vascular resistance, without effects in the contra-lateral leg. Capillary recruitment, but not glucose uptake, was increased in the test leg. All increases caused by MC were confined to the test leg and blocked by local infusion into the test leg of N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), but not by infusion of N-nitro-D-arginine methyl ester (D-NAME). In the constant-flow pump-perfused rat hindlimb, infusion of 0.6 micromol/l MC vasodilated the pre-constriction effected by 70 nmol/l noradrenaline or 300 nmol/l serotonin, and this was blocked by 10 micromol/l L-NAME. 2-Deoxyglucose in muscle was increased by 30 micromol/l MC (p<0.05), but was unaffected by 3 micromol/l MC. All increases in 2-deoxyglucose uptake by 30 micromol/l MC were blocked by 10 micromol/l L-NAME. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION MC has dose-dependent effects both on the vasculature and on muscle metabolism. At low dose (0.3-3 micromol/l), MC is a potent vasodilator in muscle, both in vivo and in vitro, without metabolic effects; at higher doses (> or =30 micromol/l) MC has a direct metabolic effect leading to increased glucose uptake. Both the vascular and metabolic effects are sensitive to L-NAME. The low-dose enhancement of insulin action in vivo by MC, which has been reported previously, thus seems to be attributable to vascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mahajan
- Biochemistry, University of Tasmania, 7001, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Mahajan H, Richards SM, Rattigan S, Clark MG. Local methacholine but not bradykinin potentiates insulin-mediated glucose uptake in muscle in vivo by augmenting capillary recruitment. Diabetologia 2004; 47:2226-34. [PMID: 15602653 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-004-1580-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2004] [Accepted: 07/18/2004] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Insulin has nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilatory effects in muscle, including capillary recruitment, that enhance access for itself and glucose. However, nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilators other than methacholine do not enhance insulin action. Our hypothesis is that methacholine, unlike bradykinin, enhances insulin-mediated glucose uptake in muscle by augmenting capillary recruitment. METHODS Local infusion of either methacholine or bradykinin into one leg of the anaesthetised rat was made during physiological insulin (3 mU.kg(-1).min(-1)) infusion under euglycaemic conditions and without affecting systemic blood pressure. Whole-body glucose infusion was determined, as was femoral blood flow, 2-deoxyglucose uptake into calf muscles and the metabolism of infused 1-methylxanthine, a measure of capillary recruitment for each leg. RESULTS Methacholine alone (0.3 micromol.l(-1)) increased femoral arterial blood flow, increased capillary recruitment but had no effect on 2-deoxyglucose uptake of the test leg relative to the contra-lateral control leg. Insulin alone (systemically) required a glucose infusion rate of 8.7 mg.kg(-1).min(-1) to maintain euglycaemia, increased 2-deoxyglucose uptake and capillary recruitment, but was without effect on femoral blood flow in either leg. Local methacholine with systemic insulin infusion increased femoral blood flow, 2-deoxyglucose uptake and capillary recruitment in the test leg only. Bradykinin (0.07 micromol.l(-1)), alone or with insulin, administered in a manner that increased femoral blood flow similarly to methacholine, did not affect 2-deoxyglucose uptake or capillary recruitment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Methacholine but not bradykinin enhances insulin-mediated muscle glucose uptake in vivo. We conclude that methacholine acts at specific sites in the vasculature of muscle to stimulate capillary recruitment and thereby enhance insulin access.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mahajan
- Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 58, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Kumar R, Aneja S, Taluja V, Agarwal A, Mahajan H. Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. Indian J Pediatr 1997; 64:705-9. [PMID: 10771906 DOI: 10.1007/bf02726130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Kumar
- Department of Pediatric, Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi
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Abstract
Fourteen patients with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent hypercortisolism underwent pituitary scanning with computed axial tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Computed tomography revealed pituitary macroadenomas in two patients, pituitary hyperplasia in one and a suspicion of pituitary microadenoma in one. Thirteen patients underwent MRI. One with a macroadenoma diagnosed on CT did not undergo MRI. The MRI revealed a pituitary macroadenoma in one, microadenoma in three and hyperplasia in two cases. Magnetic resonance imaging following gadolinium diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (gd-DTPA) enhancement revealed four more pituitary microadenomas. All patients who had pituitary adenomas (micro and macro) and hyperplasia underwent trans-sphenoidal pituitary surgery. One of the two patients, who had an enlarged pituitary on imaging but no demonstrable adenoma, was found to have a microadenoma at surgery. Patients with ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism should undergo MRI of the pituitary gland to identify/localize corticotroph pituitary adenomas. The study should include gd-DTPA enhancement in cases where the scan is normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tripathi
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
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Bhatia S, Khandelwal N, Pathak A, Mahajan H. Ruptured supratentorial dermoid cysts. Comput Med Imaging Graph 1993; 17:461-4. [PMID: 8287358 DOI: 10.1016/0895-6111(93)90063-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Two cases with ruptured supratentorial dermoid cysts are presented. Computerised tomography and magnetic resonance findings are illustrated. The pathology and differential diagnosis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bhatia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary, hypothalamus and olfactory sulci was performed in 40 patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). Twelve of these patients had an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann's syndrome). Sagittal and coronal imaging revealed no morphological abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary region. On axial imaging rudimentary, hypoplastic or aplastic olfactory sulci were found in eight cases. All patients with olfactory sulcal abnormalities had associated hyposmia (one case) or anosmia (seven cases). Structural defects identifiable on MRI were present only in 20 per cent of patients with IHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bajaj
- Department of Medicine, SRN Hospital, Allahabad, India
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Gulati P, Tripathi RP, Jena AN, Mahajan H, Sharma A, Satija L, Jain R. Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebello pontine angle lesions. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03050696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Tripathi RP, Jena AN, Gulati P, Mahajan H, Satija L, Bhatyal HS. Undescended testis: evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging. Indian Pediatr 1992; 29:433-8. [PMID: 1354655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
We describe our experience of prospective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study in patients of undescended testis, with a 1.5 T equipment using body coil. There were thirty two patients, aged 1.5 to 14 years with a mean age of nine years. Surgical follow up was obtained for thirty one patients. We were able to indicate the position of 26 testes in 22 patients and absence of five testes in three patients. MRI was falsely positive and negative for five and two testes, respectively. Testicular tissue at ectopic site was identified by presence of characteristic signal intensity pattern, mediastinum testis and its location along empty spermatic canal in cases of inguinal testis either singly or in combination. MRI was able to detect atrophic changes in four testes, confirmed on surgery. The study concludes that MR imaging is useful in the localization and tissue characterization of a non palpable testis. However, it is not sensitive enough for complete exclusion of the diagnosis of an undescended testis. Thus a surgical or laproscopic exploration may be needed further in selective cases for the management of patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mahajan
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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Abstract
Local and systemic toxicities associated with hepatic arterial infusion of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) were studied in healthy adult mongrel dogs. The animals received saline containing human serum albumin with or without rTNF (0.02, 0.2, or 2.0 mg/m2). Arteriograms were made, and blood samples were collected for hematologic and biochemical analyses at regular intervals. The dogs were killed at 1, 3, and 7 days postinfusion and complete necropsies were performed. Specimens were obtained from various tissues for histopathologic evaluation. Results indicated that all but the highest dose of rTNF were well tolerated. Severe histopathologic changes were found in the liver, spleen, and kidneys of the animals receiving 2.0 mg/m2 rTNF. In addition, focal tubular degeneration was found in one dog administered 0.2 mg/m2 rTNF. These data suggest that the upper dose limit for hepatic arterial infusion of rTNF is between 0.2 and 2.0 mg/m2 and that renal function should be closely monitored after infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ohkawa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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Abstract
The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in 39 patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) were reviewed retrospectively. Twenty-one sarcomas were in the lower extremity, five each in the upper extremity and trunk, two each in the neck and heart, and one each in the maxillary sinus, sella turcica, tongue, and spermatic cord. The examinations were performed with spin-echo sequences on a 1.5 Tesla Signa Scanner (GE, Milwaukee WI). Twenty-two tumors exhibited intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and 23 were of high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. There was no significant differences in signal intensity of 12 preoperative and 13 recurrent neoplasms. Twelve of 13 patients were correctly diagnosed as having postoperative changes. The MR sensitivity and specificity for detecting a neoplasm were 96% and 83% respectively, but the signal changes were nonspecific for MFH. When compared to CT in 14 patients, MR better defined the extent of the MFH, its relationship to surrounding tissues and vessels, and best differentiated residual or recurrent disease from postoperative changes when examined at least 3 months after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mahajan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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Abstract
Ten patients with biopsy-proved synovial sarcoma were evaluated by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging on a 1.5-T unit. The lesions showed intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and heterogeneous high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Tumors were well-demarcated from normal tissues. Additional information included adjacent bone involvement (one case), femoral vein invasion by tumor (one case), and hemorrhage within the tumors (one case). Four patients underwent a repeat MR examination following chemotherapy. This showed a decrease in size and increase in the signal intensity of three tumors on T2-weighted images, proven to be due to necrosis in one. These changes correlated with clinical regression of disease. While MR in synovial sarcoma does not have any specific signal intensity, it proved to be useful in defining the extent of disease and in determining the response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mahajan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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