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Morandini HAE, Watson PA, Barbaro P, Rao P. Brain iron concentration in childhood ADHD: A systematic review of neuroimaging studies. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:200-209. [PMID: 38547742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Iron deficiency may play a role in the pathophysiology of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Due to its preponderant function in monoamine catecholamine and myelin synthesis, brain iron concentration may be of primary interest in the investigation of iron dysregulation in ADHD. This study reviewed current evidence of brain iron abnormalities in children and adolescents with ADHD using magnetic resonance imaging methods, such as relaxometry and quantitative susceptibility mapping, to assess brain iron estimates. The study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was performed for studies published between January 1, 2008 and July 7, 2023 in Medline, Scopus and Proquest. Regions of interest, brain iron index values and phenotypical information were extracted from the relevant studies. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute quality assessment tool. Seven cross-sectional studies comparing brain iron estimates in children with ADHD with neurotypical children were included. Significantly reduced brain iron content in medication-naïve children with ADHD was a consistent finding. Two studies found psychostimulant use may increase and normalize brain iron concentration in children with ADHD. The findings were consistent across the studies despite differing methodologies and may lay the early foundation for the recognition of a potential biomarker in ADHD, although longitudinal prospective neuroimaging studies using larger sample sizes are required. Lastly, the effects of iron supplementation on brain iron concentration in children with ADHD need to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A E Morandini
- Complex Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders Service, Child and Adolescent Health Services, Perth, WA, Australia; Division of Psychiatry, UWA Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Prue A Watson
- Complex Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders Service, Child and Adolescent Health Services, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Parma Barbaro
- Complex Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders Service, Child and Adolescent Health Services, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Pradeep Rao
- Complex Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders Service, Child and Adolescent Health Services, Perth, WA, Australia; Division of Psychiatry, UWA Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
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Morandini HAE, Rao P, Hood SD, Zepf FD, Silk TJ, Griffiths KR. Age-related resting-state functional connectivity of the Vigilant Attention network in children and adolescents. Brain Cogn 2021; 154:105791. [PMID: 34509772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2021.105791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of Vigilant Attention (VA), the ability to focus and maintain our attention to repetitive and cognitively unchallenging tasks over time, has been investigated for more than a decade. The development of this critical executive function across the lifespan has been characterised by a rapid improvement in VA performance throughout childhood and adolescence, a steady improvement in adulthood and a slow decline in older adulthood. However, the development of the neural correlates of VA in children and adolescents remains poorly understood. Using a cross-sectional design, the present study used a meta-analytically defined VA network in children and adolescents to explore the developmental trend of the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) within the VA network across two independent cohorts. The results showed a linear and non-linear decrease of rsFC between the left and right VA brain regions across age. However, the results could not be reproduced in the replication cohort, potentially due to a smaller sample size. Based on previous findings from behavioural studies, the present findings suggest that changes in rsFC may underlie a developmental shift in cognitive strategies in neurotypical children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A E Morandini
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Division of Psychiatry, UWA Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Pradeep Rao
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Perth, Australia
| | - Sean D Hood
- Division of Psychiatry, UWA Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Florian D Zepf
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Timothy J Silk
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristi R Griffiths
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Morandini HAE, Rao P, Hood SD, Griffiths K, Silk TJ, Zepf FD. Effects of dietary omega-3 intake on vigilant attention and resting-state functional connectivity in neurotypical children and adolescents. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2269-2278. [PMID: 34369315 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1955434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vigilant Attention (VA) is a critical cognitive function allowing to maintain our attention, particularly in redundant or intellectually unchallenging situations. Evidence has shown that, as the brain develops, VA abilities rapidly improve throughout childhood and adolescence. Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fats (PUFA), playing a critical role for proper brain development and maturation of cortical regions, may contribute to variations in VA abilities. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the effect of dietary omega-3 PUFA intake (docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of a meta-analytically defined VA network in 24 neurotypical children and adolescents (7.3-17.2 years) from the Healthy Brain Network databank. METHODS Functional MRI and phenotypical information were collected from the Healthy Brain Network databank. Intake of omega-3 DHA and EPA was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and was adjusted for total calorie intake. Out of scanner VA-related performance was assessed using the VA condition of the Adaptive Cognitive Evaluation tool. RESULTS Overall, reported intake of omega-3 PUFA was not significantly associated with VA-related performance. Furthermore, energy-adjusted omega-3 intake was not significantly correlated with rsFC within the VA network. A complementary whole-brain analysis revealed that energy-adjusted omega-3 intake was correlated with decreased rsFC between parieto-occipital brain regions. CONCLUSION The present study was not able to detect a relationship between dietary omega-3 and rsFC or VA performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A E Morandini
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Division of Psychiatry, UWA Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Pradeep Rao
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia.,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Perth, Australia
| | - Sean D Hood
- Division of Psychiatry, UWA Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Kristi Griffiths
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Timothy J Silk
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Florian D Zepf
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Stewart RM, Wong JWY, Mahfouda S, Morandini HAE, Rao P, Runions KC, Zepf FD. Acute Tryptophan Depletion Moja-De: A Method to Study Central Nervous Serotonin Function in Children and Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2020; 10:1007. [PMID: 32210845 PMCID: PMC7067742 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is widely implicated as a key neurotransmitter relevant to a range of psychiatric disorders and psychological processes. The role of central nervous 5-HT function underlying these processes can be examined through serotonergic challenge methodologies. Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) is a key challenge method whereby a diminished dietary intake of tryptophan-the amino acid precursor to brain 5-HT synthesis-results in temporary diminished central nervous 5-HT synthesis. While this particular methodology has been used in adult populations, it was only recently that modifications were made to enable the use of ATD in child and adolescent populations. Additionally, the Moja-De modification of the ATD challenge methodology has demonstrated benefits over other ATD techniques used previously. The aim of this protocol paper is to describe the ATD Moja-De methodology in detail, its benefits, as well as studies that have been conducted to validate the procedure in child and adolescent samples. The ATD Moja-De protocol provides a potential methodology for investigating the role of central nervous 5-HT via manipulation of brain tryptophan availability in human psychopathology from a developmental viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Stewart
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Janice W. Y. Wong
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Brain and Behaviour, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Specialised Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Department of Health, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Simone Mahfouda
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Brain and Behaviour, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hugo A. E. Morandini
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Pradeep Rao
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Community Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Department of Health, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kevin C. Runions
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Brain and Behaviour, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Community Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Department of Health, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Florian D. Zepf
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Brain and Behaviour, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Hildebrandt CS, Helmbold K, Linden M, Langen KJ, Filss CP, Runions KC, Stewart RM, Rao P, Moore JK, Mahfouda S, Morandini HAE, Wong JWY, Rink L, Zepf FD. No detectable effects of acute tryptophan depletion on short-term immune system cytokine levels in healthy adults. World J Biol Psychiatry 2019; 20:416-423. [PMID: 29353534 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2018.1428357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Recent research suggested an influence of diminished central nervous serotonin (5-HT) synthesis on the leptin axis via immunological mechanisms in healthy adult females. However, studies assessing immunological parameters in combination with dietary challenge techniques that impact brain 5-HT synthesis in humans are lacking. Methods: In the present trial, a pilot analysis was conducted on data obtained in healthy adult humans receiving either different dietary acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) challenge or tryptophan (TRP)-balanced control conditions (BAL) to study the effects of reduced central nervous 5-HT synthesis on serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 concentrations. The data of N = 35 healthy adults were analysed who were randomly subjected to one of the following two dietary conditions in a double-blind between-subject approach: (1) The Moja-De ATD challenge (ATD), or (2) TRP-balanced control condition for ATD Moja-De (BAL). Serum concentrations for the assessment of relevant parameters (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and relevant TRP-related characteristics after the respective challenge procedures were assessed at baseline (T0) and in hourly intervals after administration over a period of 6 h (T1-T6). Results: The ATD condition did not result in significant changes to cytokine concentrations for the entire study sample, or in male and female subgroups. Depletion of CNS 5-HT via dietary TRP depletion appears to have no statistically significant short-term impact on cytokine concentrations in healthy adults. Conclusions: Future research on immunological stressors in combination with challenge techniques will be of value in order to further disentangle the complex interplay between brain 5-HT synthesis and immunological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Hildebrandt
- a Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA Translational Brain Medicine , Aachen , Germany.,b Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany.,c Clinics of the City Cologne GmbH , Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Cologne , Germany
| | - Katrin Helmbold
- a Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA Translational Brain Medicine , Aachen , Germany.,b Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Maike Linden
- a Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA Translational Brain Medicine , Aachen , Germany.,b Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- d Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4) Research Centre Jülich , Jülich , Germany.,e Section JARA-Brain , Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) , Jülich , Germany.,f Department of Nuclear Medicine , RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen , Germany
| | - C P Filss
- e Section JARA-Brain , Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) , Jülich , Germany.,f Department of Nuclear Medicine , RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen , Germany
| | - Kevin C Runions
- g Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia.,h Telethon Kids Institute , Perth , Australia
| | - Richard M Stewart
- g Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
| | - Pradeep Rao
- g Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia.,i Department of Health , Community Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) , Perth , Western Australia , Australia
| | - Julie K Moore
- g Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia.,j Princess Margaret Hospital, Department of Health , Pediatric Consultation Liason Program, Acute Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) , Perth , Western Australia , Australia
| | - Simone Mahfouda
- g Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia.,h Telethon Kids Institute , Perth , Australia
| | - Hugo A E Morandini
- g Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
| | - Janice W Y Wong
- g Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia.,h Telethon Kids Institute , Perth , Australia.,k Department of Health , Specialised Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) , Perth , Western Australia , Australia
| | - Lothar Rink
- l Department of Immunology , RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen , Germany
| | - Florian D Zepf
- a Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA Translational Brain Medicine , Aachen , Germany.,b Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany.,g Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia.,h Telethon Kids Institute , Perth , Australia.,k Department of Health , Specialised Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) , Perth , Western Australia , Australia
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Runions KC, Morandini HAE, Rao P, Wong JWY, Kolla NJ, Pace G, Mahfouda S, Hildebrandt CS, Stewart R, Zepf FD. Serotonin and aggressive behaviour in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 139:117-144. [PMID: 30446991 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of serotonin (5-HT) in human aggression has been the subject of a large number of studies, mostly with adults. Meta-analyses indicate a small but significant inverse relationship between central nervous 5-HT availability and aggression, but genetically informed studies suggest two pathways: one to reactive aggression and the other to proactive aggression. METHOD We conducted a systemic review on central nervous 5-HT function in children and adolescents, with attention to the function of aggression. RESULTS In total, 675 articles were screened for relevance, with 45 reviewed. These included blood assays (e.g. plasma, 5-HIAA; platelet 5-HTR2A ), epigenetic studies, retrospective PET studies and 5-HT challenge paradigms (e.g. tryptophan depletion). Overall, findings were mixed, with support both for negative and for positive associations of central nervous 5-HT function with aggression in children and adolescents. CONCLUSION We propose factors that may be blurring the picture, including problems in the conceptualization and measurement of aggression in young people, the lack of prospective designs and the bias towards clinical samples of boys. Research needs to account for variance in the both motivation for and implementation of aggression, and look to the behavioural economics literature to consider the roles of reward, vengeance and self-control more clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Runions
- Department of Health, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Bentley, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - H A E Morandini
- Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - P Rao
- Department of Health, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Bentley, WA, Australia.,Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - J W Y Wong
- Department of Health, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Bentley, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - N J Kolla
- Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - G Pace
- Department of Health, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - S Mahfouda
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - C S Hildebrandt
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinics of the City Cologne GmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - R Stewart
- Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - F D Zepf
- Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinics of the Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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7
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Wong JWY, Morandini HAE, Dingerkus VLS, Gaber TJ, Runions KC, Rao P, Mahfouda S, Helmbold K, Bubenzer-Busch S, Koenemann R, Stewart RM, Zepf FD. Effects of Dietary Acute Tryptophan Depletion (ATD) on NPY Serum Levels in Healthy Adult Humans Whilst Controlling for Methionine Supply-A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:E594. [PMID: 29751614 PMCID: PMC5986474 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous serotonin (5-HT) can influence behaviour and neuropsychiatric disorders. Evidence from animal models suggest that lowered levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) may have similar effects, although it is currently unknown whether decreased central nervous 5-HT impact NPY concentrations. Given that the production of NPY is dependent on the essential amino acid methionine (MET), it is imperative to account for the presence of MET in such investigations. Hence, this study sought to examine the effects of acute tryptophan depletion (ATD; a dietary procedure that temporarily lowers central nervous 5-HT synthesis) on serum concentrations of NPY, whilst using the potential renal acid load indicator (PRAL) to control for levels of MET. In a double-blind repeated measures design, 24 adult humans randomly received an AA-load lacking in TRP (ATD) on one occasion, and a balanced control mixture with TRP (BAL) on a second occasion, both with a PRAL of nearly 47.3 mEq of MET. Blood samples were obtained at 90, 180, and 240 min after each of the AA challenges. ATD, and therefore, diminished substrate availability for brain 5-HT synthesis did not lead to significant changes in serum NPY concentrations over time, compared to BAL, under an acute acidotic stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice W Y Wong
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, Australia.
- Specialised Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), Department of Health, 6009 Perth, Australia.
- Telethon Kids Institute, 6009 Perth, Australia.
| | - Hugo A E Morandini
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, Australia.
| | - Vita L S Dingerkus
- Acute Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), Department of Health, 6009 Perth, Australia.
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Triemli Hospital Zürich, CH-8063 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Tilman J Gaber
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Kevin C Runions
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, Australia.
- Telethon Kids Institute, 6009 Perth, Australia.
- Community Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), Department of Health, 6009 Perth, Australia.
| | - Pradeep Rao
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, Australia.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Triemli Hospital Zürich, CH-8063 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Simone Mahfouda
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, Australia.
- Telethon Kids Institute, 6009 Perth, Australia.
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, Australia.
| | - Katrin Helmbold
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sarah Bubenzer-Busch
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Rebecca Koenemann
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Richard M Stewart
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, Australia.
| | - Florian D Zepf
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, Australia.
- Specialised Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), Department of Health, 6009 Perth, Australia.
- Telethon Kids Institute, 6009 Perth, Australia.
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Zepf FD, Bubenzer-Busch S, Runions KC, Rao P, Wong JWY, Mahfouda S, Morandini HAE, Stewart RM, Moore JK, Biskup CS, Eickhoff SB, Fink GR, Langner R. Functional connectivity of the vigilant-attention network in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Brain Cogn 2017; 131:56-65. [PMID: 29150311 PMCID: PMC6432906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
ADHD affects functional connectivity in a brain network for vigilant attention (VA). First evidence showing the VA network is intrinsically coupled in older children. ADHD patients showed less consistent network connectivity, forming 2 subnetworks. Lower network integrity in ADHD is due to both weaker and stronger connections. Aberrant connectivity between several regions is linked to ADHD symptomatology.
The ability to maintain attention to simple tasks (i.e., vigilant attention, VA) is often impaired in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms at the brain network level are not clear yet. We therefore investigated ADHD-related differences in resting-state functional connectivity within a meta-analytically defined brain network of 14 distinct regions subserving VA (comprising 91 connections in total), as well as the association of connectivity with markers of behavioural dysfunction in 17 children (age range: 9–14 years) with a diagnosis of ADHD and 21 age-matched neurotypical controls. Our analyses revealed selective, rather than global, differences in the intrinsic coupling between nodes of the VA-related brain network in children with ADHD, relative to controls. In particular, ADHD patients showed substantially diminished intrinsic coupling for 7 connections and increased coupling for 4 connections, with many differences involving connectivity with the anterior insula. Moreover, connectivity strength of several aberrant connections was found to be associated with core aspects of ADHD symptomatology, such as poor attention, difficulties with social functioning, and impaired cognitive control, attesting to the behavioural relevance of specific connectivity differences observed in the resting state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian D Zepf
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & Division of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Specialised Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), Department of Health in Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sarah Bubenzer-Busch
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kevin C Runions
- Community Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), Department of Health in Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Pradeep Rao
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & Division of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Community Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), Department of Health in Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Janice W Y Wong
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & Division of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Specialised Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), Department of Health in Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Simone Mahfouda
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & Division of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Hugo A E Morandini
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & Division of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Richard M Stewart
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & Division of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Julia K Moore
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & Division of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Paediatric Consultation-Liaison Program, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Department of Health in Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Caroline S Biskup
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Langner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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