1
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Caiazzo I, Burdge KB, Tremblay PE, Fuller J, Ferrario L, Gänsicke BT, Hermes JJ, Heyl J, Kawka A, Kulkarni SR, Marsh TR, Mróz P, Prince TA, Richer HB, Rodriguez AC, van Roestel J, Vanderbosch ZP, Vennes S, Wickramasinghe D, Dhillon VS, Littlefair SP, Munday J, Pelisoli I, Perley D, Bellm EC, Breedt E, Brown AJ, Dekany R, Drake A, Dyer MJ, Graham MJ, Green MJ, Laher RR, Kerry P, Parsons SG, Riddle RL, Rusholme B, Sahman DI. A rotating white dwarf shows different compositions on its opposite faces. Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-06171-9. [PMID: 37468630 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
White dwarfs, the extremely dense remnants left behind by most stars after their death, are characterized by a mass comparable to that of the Sun compressed into the size of an Earth-like planet. In the resulting strong gravity, heavy elements sink towards the centre and the upper layer of the atmosphere contains only the lightest element present, usually hydrogen or helium1,2. Several mechanisms compete with gravitational settling to change a white dwarf's surface composition as it cools3, and the fraction of white dwarfs with helium atmospheres is known to increase by a factor of about 2.5 below a temperature of about 30,000 kelvin4-8; therefore, some white dwarfs that appear to have hydrogen-dominated atmospheres above 30,000 kelvin are bound to transition to be helium-dominated as they cool below it. Here we report observations of ZTF J203349.8+322901.1, a transitioning white dwarf with two faces: one side of its atmosphere is dominated by hydrogen and the other one by helium. This peculiar nature is probably caused by the presence of a small magnetic field, which creates an inhomogeneity in temperature, pressure or mixing strength over the surface9-11. ZTF J203349.8+322901.1 might be the most extreme member of a class of magnetic, transitioning white dwarfs-together with GD 323 (ref. 12), a white dwarf that shows similar but much more subtle variations. This class of white dwarfs could help shed light on the physical mechanisms behind the spectral evolution of white dwarfs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Caiazzo
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Kevin B Burdge
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - James Fuller
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Lilia Ferrario
- Mathematical Sciences Institute, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - J J Hermes
- Department of Astronomy and Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy Heyl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adela Kawka
- International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - S R Kulkarni
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Thomas R Marsh
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Przemek Mróz
- Astronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Thomas A Prince
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Harvey B Richer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Antonio C Rodriguez
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jan van Roestel
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Anton Pannekoek Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zachary P Vanderbosch
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Stéphane Vennes
- Mathematical Sciences Institute, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Dayal Wickramasinghe
- Mathematical Sciences Institute, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Vikram S Dhillon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - James Munday
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Daniel Perley
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eric C Bellm
- Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elmé Breedt
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alex J Brown
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Richard Dekany
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Drake
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Martin J Dyer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matthew J Graham
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Green
- Department of Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Russ R Laher
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Paul Kerry
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Steven G Parsons
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Reed L Riddle
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ben Rusholme
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Dave I Sahman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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2
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Taverna R, Turolla R, Muleri F, Heyl J, Zane S, Baldini L, González-Caniulef D, Bachetti M, Rankin J, Caiazzo I, Di Lalla N, Doroshenko V, Errando M, Gau E, Kırmızıbayrak D, Krawczynski H, Negro M, Ng M, Omodei N, Possenti A, Tamagawa T, Uchiyama K, Weisskopf MC, Agudo I, Antonelli LA, Baumgartner WH, Bellazzini R, Bianchi S, Bongiorno SD, Bonino R, Brez A, Bucciantini N, Capitanio F, Castellano S, Cavazzuti E, Ciprini S, Costa E, De Rosa A, Del Monte E, Di Gesu L, Di Marco A, Donnarumma I, Dovčiak M, Ehlert SR, Enoto T, Evangelista Y, Fabiani S, Ferrazzoli R, Garcia JA, Gunji S, Hayashida K, Iwakiri W, Jorstad SG, Karas V, Kitaguchi T, Kolodziejczak JJ, La Monaca F, Latronico L, Liodakis I, Maldera S, Manfreda A, Marin F, Marinucci A, Marscher AP, Marshall HL, Matt G, Mitsuishi I, Mizuno T, Ng SCY, O’Dell SL, Oppedisano C, Papitto A, Pavlov GG, Peirson AL, Perri M, Pesce-Rollins M, Pilia M, Poutanen J, Puccetti S, Ramsey BD, Ratheesh A, Romani RW, Sgrò C, Slane P, Soffitta P, Spandre G, Tavecchio F, Tawara Y, Tennant AF, Thomas NE, Tombesi F, Trois A, Tsygankov SS, Vink J, Wu K, Xie F. Polarized x-rays from a magnetar. Science 2022; 378:646-650. [DOI: 10.1126/science.add0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Magnetars are neutron stars with ultra-strong magnetic fields, which can be observed in x-rays. Polarization measurements could provide information on their magnetic fields and surface properties. We observe polarized x-rays from the magnetar 4U 0142+61 using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, finding a linear polarization degree of 13.5 ± 0.8% averaged over the 2 to 8 keV band. The polarization changes with energy: the degree is 15.0 ± 1.0% at 2 to 4 keV, drops below the instrumental sensitivity around 4 to 5 keV, and rises to 35.2 ± 7.1% at 5.5 to 8 keV. The polarization angle also changes by 90° around 4 to 5 keV. These results are consistent with a model in which thermal radiation from the magnetar surface is reprocessed by scattering off charged particles in the magnetosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Taverna
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Padova I-35131, Italy
| | - Roberto Turolla
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Padova I-35131, Italy
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary Dorking RH5 6NT, UK
| | - Fabio Muleri
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | - Jeremy Heyl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Silvia Zane
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary Dorking RH5 6NT, UK
| | - Luca Baldini
- Dipartimento di Fisica Enrico Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa I-56127, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pisa, Pisa I-56127, Italy
| | - Denis González-Caniulef
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Matteo Bachetti
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, INAF, Selargius I-09047, Italy
| | - John Rankin
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | - Ilaria Caiazzo
- Theoretical AstroPhysics Including Relativity and Cosmology, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Niccolò Di Lalla
- Deparment of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Victor Doroshenko
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Manel Errando
- Physics Department and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Ephraim Gau
- Physics Department and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Demet Kırmızıbayrak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Henric Krawczynski
- Physics Department and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Michela Negro
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Mason Ng
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nicola Omodei
- Deparment of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrea Possenti
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, INAF, Selargius I-09047, Italy
| | - Toru Tamagawa
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Keisuke Uchiyama
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | | | - Ivan Agudo
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Lucio A. Antonelli
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, INAF, Monte Porzio Catone 00040, Italy
- Space Science Data Center (SSDC), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Roma 00133, Italy
| | | | - Ronaldo Bellazzini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pisa, Pisa I-56127, Italy
| | - Stefano Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Roma 00146, Italy
| | | | - Raffaella Bonino
- INFN Sezione di Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Alessandro Brez
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pisa, Pisa I-56127, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bucciantini
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, INAF, Firenze 50125, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Fiamma Capitanio
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | - Simone Castellano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pisa, Pisa I-56127, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Ciprini
- Space Science Data Center (SSDC), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Roma 00133, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Enrico Costa
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Rosa
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | - Ettore Del Monte
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Di Marco
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | | | - Michal Dovčiak
- Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Steven R. Ehlert
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
| | - Teruaki Enoto
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuri Evangelista
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | - Sergio Fabiani
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ferrazzoli
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | | | - Shuichi Gunji
- Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi 990-8560, Japan
| | | | - Wataru Iwakiri
- Department of Physics, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Svetlana G. Jorstad
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Laboratory of Observational Astrophysics, St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Vladimir Karas
- Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Takao Kitaguchi
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | | | - Fabio La Monaca
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | | | - Ioannis Liodakis
- Finnish Centre for Astronomy with the European Southern Observatory, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Alberto Manfreda
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pisa, Pisa I-56127, Italy
| | - Frédéric Marin
- Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Alan P. Marscher
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Herman L. Marshall
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Giorgio Matt
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Roma 00146, Italy
| | - Ikuyuki Mitsuishi
- Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tsunefumi Mizuno
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Stephen C.-Y. Ng
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Alessandro Papitto
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, INAF, Monte Porzio Catone 00040, Italy
| | - George G. Pavlov
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Abel L. Peirson
- Deparment of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matteo Perri
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, INAF, Monte Porzio Catone 00040, Italy
- Space Science Data Center (SSDC), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Roma 00133, Italy
| | | | - Maura Pilia
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, INAF, Selargius I-09047, Italy
| | - Juri Poutanen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Simonetta Puccetti
- Space Science Data Center (SSDC), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Brian D. Ramsey
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
| | - Ajay Ratheesh
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | - Roger W. Romani
- Deparment of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carmelo Sgrò
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pisa, Pisa I-56127, Italy
| | - Patrick Slane
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Paolo Soffitta
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | - Gloria Spandre
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pisa, Pisa I-56127, Italy
| | | | - Yuzuru Tawara
- Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Allyn F. Tennant
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
| | | | - Francesco Tombesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Alessio Trois
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, INAF, Selargius I-09047, Italy
| | - Sergey S. Tsygankov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Jacco Vink
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kinwah Wu
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary Dorking RH5 6NT, UK
| | - Fei Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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3
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Burdge KB, El-Badry K, Marsh TR, Rappaport S, Brown WR, Caiazzo I, Chakrabarty D, Dhillon VS, Fuller J, Gänsicke BT, Graham MJ, Kara E, Kulkarni SR, Littlefair SP, Mróz P, Rodríguez-Gil P, Roestel JV, Simcoe RA, Bellm EC, Drake AJ, Dekany RG, Groom SL, Laher RR, Masci FJ, Riddle R, Smith RM, Prince TA. A dense 0.1-solar-mass star in a 51-minute-orbital-period eclipsing binary. Nature 2022; 610:467-471. [PMID: 36198793 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05195-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Of more than a thousand known cataclysmic variables (CVs), where a white dwarf is accreting from a hydrogen-rich star, only a dozen have orbital periods below 75 minutes1-9. One way to achieve these short periods requires the donor star to have undergone substantial nuclear evolution before interacting with the white dwarf10-14, and it is expected that these objects will transition to helium accretion. These transitional CVs have been proposed as progenitors of helium CVs13-18. However, no known transitional CV is expected to reach an orbital period short enough to account for most of the helium CV population, leaving the role of this evolutionary pathway unclear. Here we report observations of ZTF J1813+4251, a 51-minute-orbital-period, fully eclipsing binary system consisting of a star with a temperature comparable to that of the Sun but a density 100 times greater owing to its helium-rich composition, accreting onto a white dwarf. Phase-resolved spectra, multi-band light curves and the broadband spectral energy distribution allow us to obtain precise and robust constraints on the masses, radii and temperatures of both components. Evolutionary modelling shows that ZTF J1813+4251 is destined to become a helium CV binary, reaching an orbital period under 20 minutes, rendering ZTF J1813+4251 a previously missing link between helium CV binaries and hydrogen-rich CVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Burdge
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Kareem El-Badry
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Society of Fellows, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas R Marsh
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Saul Rappaport
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Warren R Brown
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ilaria Caiazzo
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Deepto Chakrabarty
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - V S Dhillon
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Jim Fuller
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Graham
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Erin Kara
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S R Kulkarni
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - S P Littlefair
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Przemek Mróz
- Astronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-Gil
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Jan van Roestel
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Simcoe
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric C Bellm
- DIRAC Institute, Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew J Drake
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Richard G Dekany
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Steven L Groom
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Russ R Laher
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Frank J Masci
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Reed Riddle
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Roger M Smith
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Prince
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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4
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Burdge KB, Marsh TR, Fuller J, Bellm EC, Caiazzo I, Chakrabarty D, Coughlin MW, De K, Dhillon VS, Graham MJ, Rodríguez-Gil P, Jaodand AD, Kaplan DL, Kara E, Kong AKH, Kulkarni SR, Li KL, Littlefair SP, Majid WA, Mróz P, Pearlman AB, Phinney ES, Roestel JV, Simcoe RA, Andreoni I, Drake AJ, Dekany RG, Duev DA, Kool EC, Mahabal AA, Medford MS, Riddle R, Prince TA. A 62-minute orbital period black widow binary in a wide hierarchical triple. Nature 2022; 605:41-45. [PMID: 35508781 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over a dozen millisecond pulsars are ablating low-mass companions in close binary systems. In the original 'black widow', the eight-hour orbital period eclipsing pulsar PSR J1959+2048 (PSR B1957+20)1, high-energy emission originating from the pulsar2 is irradiating and may eventually destroy3 a low-mass companion. These systems are not only physical laboratories that reveal the interesting results of exposing a close companion star to the relativistic energy output of a pulsar, but are also believed to harbour some of the most massive neutron stars4, allowing for robust tests of the neutron star equation of state. Here we report observations of ZTF J1406+1222, a wide hierarchical triple hosting a 62-minute orbital period black widow candidate, the optical flux of which varies by a factor of more than ten. ZTF J1406+1222 pushes the boundaries of evolutionary models5, falling below the 80-minute minimum orbital period of hydrogen-rich systems. The wide tertiary companion is a rare low-metallicity cool subdwarf star, and the system has a Galactic halo orbit consistent with passing near the Galactic Centre, making it a probe of formation channels, neutron star kick physics6 and binary evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Burdge
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Thomas R Marsh
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jim Fuller
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,TAPIR, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Eric C Bellm
- DIRAC Institute, Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ilaria Caiazzo
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,TAPIR, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Deepto Chakrabarty
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael W Coughlin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kishalay De
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - V S Dhillon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Matthew J Graham
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-Gil
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Amruta D Jaodand
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Erin Kara
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Albert K H Kong
- Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - S R Kulkarni
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kwan-Lok Li
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - S P Littlefair
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Walid A Majid
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Przemek Mróz
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Astronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aaron B Pearlman
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Space Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - E S Phinney
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,TAPIR, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jan van Roestel
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Simcoe
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Igor Andreoni
- Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Drake
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Richard G Dekany
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Dmitry A Duev
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Weights & Biases, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erik C Kool
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ashish A Mahabal
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Center for Data-Driven Discovery, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Medford
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Reed Riddle
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Prince
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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5
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Caiazzo I, Burdge KB, Fuller J, Heyl J, Kulkarni SR, Prince TA, Richer HB, Schwab J, Andreoni I, Bellm EC, Drake A, Duev DA, Graham MJ, Helou G, Mahabal AA, Masci FJ, Smith R, Soumagnac MT. Publisher Correction: A highly magnetized and rapidly rotating white dwarf as small as the Moon. Nature 2021; 596:E15. [PMID: 34341546 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Caiazzo
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Kevin B Burdge
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - James Fuller
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Heyl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S R Kulkarni
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Prince
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Harvey B Richer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Josiah Schwab
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Igor Andreoni
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Eric C Bellm
- Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Drake
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Dmitry A Duev
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Graham
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - George Helou
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ashish A Mahabal
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Center for Data Driven Discovery, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Frank J Masci
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Roger Smith
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Maayane T Soumagnac
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Barreto M, Capi M, Lionetto L, Caiazzo I, Salerno G, Cardelli P, Simmaco M, Villa MP. Urinary and exhaled biomarkers of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in atopic asthmatic children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54:1447-1456. [PMID: 31218848 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) reflects poor asthma control. Assessing noninvasive biomarkers associated with EIB could help to monitor patients in the pediatric age. AIMS To test exhaled and urinary biomarkers for assessing EIB in atopic asthmatic children. METHODS In 45 atopic patients (11.1 ± 1.8 years, 25 males) we measured the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO ), its alveolar (CaNO), and bronchial (J'awNO) components corrected for the trumpet shape of the airways and axial NO diffusion (TMAD), concentrations of urinary adenosine and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OxodG), blood eosinophils count, total immunoglobulin E , skin prick tests, and baseline spirometry before a treadmill exercise challenge. Forty healthy control subjects participated solely to baseline measurements. RESULTS Patients yielded higher FENO and urinary adenosine concentrations than healthy controls. After the challenge, 18 patients (40%) had EIB; these patients had higher levels of CaNO, CaNO TMAD, and urinary adenosine than patients without EIB. Baseline spirometry, FE NO , JawNO, JawNO TMAD, urinary 8-OxodG, allergy, and blood eosinophil counts were found similar in both groups. In multiple linear regression, the fall in FEV 1 was explained by CaNO TMAD, urinary adenosine and blood eosinophil count, whereas the fall in FEF 25-75 was explained by CaNO TMAD and blood eosinophil count. Both CaNO TMAD ≥10.5 ppb and urinary adenosine ≥406 nmol/mmol Cr predicted a fall in FEV 1 ≥10%, while only CaNO TMAD ≥10.5 ppb predicted a fall in FEF 25-75 ≥26%. CONCLUSION Concentrations of peripheral airway NO are complementary with urinary adenosine for assessing EIB and promising tools of asthma control in pediatric patients with the atopic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Barreto
- Pediatric Unit Sant'Andrea Hospital, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Matilde Capi
- Analytical Laboratory - Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Sapienza, Italy
| | - Luana Lionetto
- Analytical Laboratory - Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Sapienza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Caiazzo
- Pediatric Unit Sant'Andrea Hospital, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerardo Salerno
- Analytical Laboratory - Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Sapienza, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cardelli
- Analytical Laboratory - Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Sapienza, Italy
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- Analytical Laboratory - Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Sapienza, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Villa
- Pediatric Unit Sant'Andrea Hospital, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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8
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Barreto M, Piacentini G, Chiossi L, Ruggeri F, Caiazzo I, Campisano M, Martella S, Villa MP. Tidal-breathing measurement of exhaled breath temperature (EBT) in schoolchildren. Pediatr Pulmonol 2014; 49:1196-204. [PMID: 24604829 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.22994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive assessment of airway inflammation is particularly useful in children. The exhaled breath temperature (EBT) may reflect inflammatory vasodilation and serve to assess respiratory symptoms and therapy with inhaled corticosteroids (ICs). AIMS To compare EBT with other non-invasive measurements in unselected schoolchildren in relation to respiratory symptoms and IC-therapy, as well as to assess reproducibility, and potentially influencing factors. METHODS In 298 Italian schoolchildren, we assessed tidal-EBT, FE(NO), spirometry, skin-prick tests, questionnaires on chronic respiratory symptoms, and medication. Subjects were divided as follows: reported wheeze, respiratory symptoms other than wheeze, and without symptoms. RESULTS Subjects with reported wheeze (n = 30) more frequently presented atopy, respiratory symptoms, higher FE(NO), lower lung function than subjects with symptoms other than wheeze (n = 141) and those without symptoms (n = 127), but had a similar EBT. IC-treated children (5 wheeze, 9 respiratory symptoms other than wheeze, 4 without chronic symptoms) had lower median (interquartile range) EBT levels than IC-untreated children (n = 280) [EBT: 31.7 (30.1-32.5) vs. 32.6 (31.4-33.4), P = 0.027]. Duplicate EBT measurements were highly reproducible (ICC = 0.94). In a multiple linear-regression model, EBT was explained by age, weight, duration of EBT measurement, FE(NO), and ambient temperature (r = 0.63, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Tidal-EBT measurements are easy to perform, reproducible, though symptom misclassification may affect the results obtained regarding the effect of IC therapy. Factors influencing EBT should be addressed in further epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barreto
- Pediatric Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
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