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Marin F, Churazov E, Khabibullin I, Ferrazzoli R, Di Gesu L, Barnouin T, Di Marco A, Middei R, Vikhlinin A, Costa E, Soffitta P, Muleri F, Sunyaev R, Forman W, Kraft R, Bianchi S, Donnarumma I, Petrucci PO, Enoto T, Agudo I, Antonelli LA, Bachetti M, Baldini L, Baumgartner WH, Bellazzini R, Bongiorno SD, Bonino R, Brez A, Bucciantini N, Capitanio F, Castellano S, Cavazzuti E, Chen CT, Ciprini S, De Rosa A, Del Monte E, Di Lalla N, Doroshenko V, Dovčiak M, Ehlert SR, Evangelista Y, Fabiani S, Garcia JA, Gunji S, Hayashida K, Heyl J, Ingram A, Iwakiri W, Jorstad SG, Kaaret P, Karas V, Kitaguchi T, Kolodziejczak JJ, Krawczynski H, La Monaca F, Latronico L, Liodakis I, Maldera S, Manfreda A, Marinucci A, Marscher AP, Marshall HL, Massaro F, Matt G, Mitsuishi I, Mizuno T, Negro M, Ng CY, O'Dell SL, Omodei N, Oppedisano C, Papitto A, Pavlov GG, Peirson AL, Perri M, Pesce-Rollins M, Pilia M, Possenti A, Poutanen J, Puccetti S, Ramsey BD, Rankin J, Ratheesh A, Roberts OJ, Romani RW, Sgrò C, Slane P, Spandre G, Swartz D, Tamagawa T, Tavecchio F, Taverna R, Tawara Y, Tennant AF, Thomas NE, Tombesi F, Trois A, Tsygankov SS, Turolla R, Vink J, Weisskopf MC, Wu K, Xie F, Zane S. X-ray polarization evidence for a 200-year-old flare of Sgr A . Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-06064-x. [PMID: 37344593 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The centre of the Milky Way Galaxy hosts a black hole with a solar mass of about 4 million (Sagittarius A* (Sgr A)) that is very quiescent at present with a luminosity many orders of magnitude below those of active galactic nuclei1. Reflection of X-rays from Sgr A* by dense gas in the Galactic Centre region offers a means to study its past flaring activity on timescales of hundreds and thousands of years2. The shape of the X-ray continuum and the strong fluorescent iron line observed from giant molecular clouds in the vicinity of Sgr A* are consistent with the reflection scenario3-5. If this interpretation is correct, the reflected continuum emission should be polarized6. Here we report observations of polarized X-ray emission in the direction of the molecular clouds in the Galactic Centre using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer. We measure a polarization degree of 31% ± 11%, and a polarization angle of -48° ± 11°. The polarization angle is consistent with Sgr A* being the primary source of the emission, and the polarization degree implies that some 200 years ago, the X-ray luminosity of Sgr A* was briefly comparable to that of a Seyfert galaxy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Marin
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Eugene Churazov
- Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Garching, Germany
- Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ildar Khabibullin
- Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Garching, Germany
- Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Thibault Barnouin
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Riccardo Middei
- Space Science Data Center, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Rome, Italy
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - Alexey Vikhlinin
- Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Enrico Costa
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Soffitta
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Muleri
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Rome, Italy
| | - Rashid Sunyaev
- Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Garching, Germany
- Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - William Forman
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ralph Kraft
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Iván Agudo
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucio A Antonelli
- Space Science Data Center, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Rome, Italy
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | | | - Luca Baldini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Raffaella Bonino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Brez
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bucciantini
- INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Florence, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fiamma Capitanio
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Chien-Ting Chen
- Science and Technology Institute, Universities Space Research Association, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Stefano Ciprini
- Space Science Data Center, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ettore Del Monte
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Rome, Italy
| | - Niccolò Di Lalla
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Victor Doroshenko
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michal Dovčiak
- Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | | | - Yuri Evangelista
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Fabiani
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Jeremy Heyl
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adam Ingram
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Wataru Iwakiri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
- International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Svetlana G Jorstad
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Astrophysics, St. Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Philip Kaaret
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Vladimir Karas
- Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Henric Krawczynski
- Physics Department and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fabio La Monaca
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Latronico
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Ioannis Liodakis
- Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Simone Maldera
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Manfreda
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alan P Marscher
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Herman L Marshall
- MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Francesco Massaro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Matt
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Ikuyuki Mitsuishi
- Graduate School of Science, Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsunefumi Mizuno
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michela Negro
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - C-Y Ng
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Nicola Omodei
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chiara Oppedisano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - George G Pavlov
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Abel L Peirson
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Perri
- Space Science Data Center, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Rome, Italy
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | | | - Maura Pilia
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Selargius, Italy
| | | | - Juri Poutanen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - John Rankin
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Rome, Italy
| | - Ajay Ratheesh
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Rome, Italy
| | - Oliver J Roberts
- Science and Technology Institute, Universities Space Research Association, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Roger W Romani
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carmelo Sgrò
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrick Slane
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gloria Spandre
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Doug Swartz
- Science and Technology Institute, Universities Space Research Association, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Roberto Taverna
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Yuzuru Tawara
- Graduate School of Science, Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | - Francesco Tombesi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Alessio Trois
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Selargius, Italy
| | - Sergey S Tsygankov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Roberto Turolla
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, UK
| | - Jacco Vink
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy & GRAPPA, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kinwah Wu
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, UK
| | - Fei Xie
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Rome, Italy
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Silvia Zane
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, UK
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Jayarajan V, Hall G, Xenakis T, Bulstrode N, Moulding D, Castellano S, W DI. 557 Short-term Rho-associated kinase inhibitor treatment accelerates primary keratinocyte growth without affecting the characteristics of the stem cell population. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Taverna R, Turolla R, Muleri F, Heyl J, Zane S, Baldini L, González-Caniulef D, Bachetti M, Rankin J, Caiazzo I, Di Lalla N, Doroshenko V, Errando M, Gau E, Kırmızıbayrak D, Krawczynski H, Negro M, Ng M, Omodei N, Possenti A, Tamagawa T, Uchiyama K, Weisskopf MC, Agudo I, Antonelli LA, Baumgartner WH, Bellazzini R, Bianchi S, Bongiorno SD, Bonino R, Brez A, Bucciantini N, Capitanio F, Castellano S, Cavazzuti E, Ciprini S, Costa E, De Rosa A, Del Monte E, Di Gesu L, Di Marco A, Donnarumma I, Dovčiak M, Ehlert SR, Enoto T, Evangelista Y, Fabiani S, Ferrazzoli R, Garcia JA, Gunji S, Hayashida K, Iwakiri W, Jorstad SG, Karas V, Kitaguchi T, Kolodziejczak JJ, La Monaca F, Latronico L, Liodakis I, Maldera S, Manfreda A, Marin F, Marinucci A, Marscher AP, Marshall HL, Matt G, Mitsuishi I, Mizuno T, Ng SCY, O’Dell SL, Oppedisano C, Papitto A, Pavlov GG, Peirson AL, Perri M, Pesce-Rollins M, Pilia M, Poutanen J, Puccetti S, Ramsey BD, Ratheesh A, Romani RW, Sgrò C, Slane P, Soffitta P, Spandre G, Tavecchio F, Tawara Y, Tennant AF, Thomas NE, Tombesi F, Trois A, Tsygankov SS, Vink J, Wu K, Xie F. Polarized x-rays from a magnetar. Science 2022; 378:646-650. [DOI: 10.1126/science.add0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Magnetars are neutron stars with ultra-strong magnetic fields, which can be observed in x-rays. Polarization measurements could provide information on their magnetic fields and surface properties. We observe polarized x-rays from the magnetar 4U 0142+61 using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, finding a linear polarization degree of 13.5 ± 0.8% averaged over the 2 to 8 keV band. The polarization changes with energy: the degree is 15.0 ± 1.0% at 2 to 4 keV, drops below the instrumental sensitivity around 4 to 5 keV, and rises to 35.2 ± 7.1% at 5.5 to 8 keV. The polarization angle also changes by 90° around 4 to 5 keV. These results are consistent with a model in which thermal radiation from the magnetar surface is reprocessed by scattering off charged particles in the magnetosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Taverna
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Padova I-35131, Italy
| | - Roberto Turolla
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Padova I-35131, Italy
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary Dorking RH5 6NT, UK
| | - Fabio Muleri
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | - Jeremy Heyl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Silvia Zane
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary Dorking RH5 6NT, UK
| | - Luca Baldini
- Dipartimento di Fisica Enrico Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa I-56127, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pisa, Pisa I-56127, Italy
| | - Denis González-Caniulef
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Matteo Bachetti
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, INAF, Selargius I-09047, Italy
| | - John Rankin
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | - Ilaria Caiazzo
- Theoretical AstroPhysics Including Relativity and Cosmology, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Niccolò Di Lalla
- Deparment of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Victor Doroshenko
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Manel Errando
- Physics Department and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Ephraim Gau
- Physics Department and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Demet Kırmızıbayrak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Henric Krawczynski
- Physics Department and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Michela Negro
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Mason Ng
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nicola Omodei
- Deparment of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrea Possenti
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, INAF, Selargius I-09047, Italy
| | - Toru Tamagawa
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Keisuke Uchiyama
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | | | - Ivan Agudo
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Lucio A. Antonelli
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, INAF, Monte Porzio Catone 00040, Italy
- Space Science Data Center (SSDC), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Roma 00133, Italy
| | | | - Ronaldo Bellazzini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pisa, Pisa I-56127, Italy
| | - Stefano Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Roma 00146, Italy
| | | | - Raffaella Bonino
- INFN Sezione di Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Alessandro Brez
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pisa, Pisa I-56127, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bucciantini
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, INAF, Firenze 50125, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Fiamma Capitanio
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | - Simone Castellano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pisa, Pisa I-56127, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Ciprini
- Space Science Data Center (SSDC), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Roma 00133, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Enrico Costa
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Rosa
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | - Ettore Del Monte
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Di Marco
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | | | - Michal Dovčiak
- Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Steven R. Ehlert
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
| | - Teruaki Enoto
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuri Evangelista
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | - Sergio Fabiani
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ferrazzoli
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | | | - Shuichi Gunji
- Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi 990-8560, Japan
| | | | - Wataru Iwakiri
- Department of Physics, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Svetlana G. Jorstad
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Laboratory of Observational Astrophysics, St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Vladimir Karas
- Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Takao Kitaguchi
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | | | - Fabio La Monaca
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | | | - Ioannis Liodakis
- Finnish Centre for Astronomy with the European Southern Observatory, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Alberto Manfreda
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pisa, Pisa I-56127, Italy
| | - Frédéric Marin
- Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Alan P. Marscher
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Herman L. Marshall
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Giorgio Matt
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Roma 00146, Italy
| | - Ikuyuki Mitsuishi
- Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tsunefumi Mizuno
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Stephen C.-Y. Ng
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Alessandro Papitto
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, INAF, Monte Porzio Catone 00040, Italy
| | - George G. Pavlov
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Abel L. Peirson
- Deparment of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matteo Perri
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, INAF, Monte Porzio Catone 00040, Italy
- Space Science Data Center (SSDC), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Roma 00133, Italy
| | | | - Maura Pilia
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, INAF, Selargius I-09047, Italy
| | - Juri Poutanen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Simonetta Puccetti
- Space Science Data Center (SSDC), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Brian D. Ramsey
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
| | - Ajay Ratheesh
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | - Roger W. Romani
- Deparment of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carmelo Sgrò
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pisa, Pisa I-56127, Italy
| | - Patrick Slane
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Paolo Soffitta
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma I-00133, Italy
| | - Gloria Spandre
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pisa, Pisa I-56127, Italy
| | | | - Yuzuru Tawara
- Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Allyn F. Tennant
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
| | | | - Francesco Tombesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Alessio Trois
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, INAF, Selargius I-09047, Italy
| | - Sergey S. Tsygankov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Jacco Vink
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kinwah Wu
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary Dorking RH5 6NT, UK
| | - Fei Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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4
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Krawczynski H, Muleri F, Dovčiak M, Veledina A, Rodriguez Cavero N, Svoboda J, Ingram A, Matt G, Garcia JA, Loktev V, Negro M, Poutanen J, Kitaguchi T, Podgorný J, Rankin J, Zhang W, Berdyugin A, Berdyugina SV, Bianchi S, Blinov D, Capitanio F, Di Lalla N, Draghis P, Fabiani S, Kagitani M, Kravtsov V, Kiehlmann S, Latronico L, Lutovinov AA, Mandarakas N, Marin F, Marinucci A, Miller JM, Mizuno T, Molkov SV, Omodei N, Petrucci PO, Ratheesh A, Sakanoi T, Semena AN, Skalidis R, Soffitta P, Tennant AF, Thalhammer P, Tombesi F, Weisskopf MC, Wilms J, Zhang S, Agudo I, Antonelli LA, Bachetti M, Baldini L, Baumgartner WH, Bellazzini R, Bongiorno SD, Bonino R, Brez A, Bucciantini N, Castellano S, Cavazzuti E, Ciprini S, Costa E, De Rosa A, Del Monte E, Di Gesu L, Di Marco A, Donnarumma I, Doroshenko V, Ehlert SR, Enoto T, Evangelista Y, Ferrazzoli R, Gunji S, Hayashida K, Heyl J, Iwakiri W, Jorstad SG, Karas V, Kolodziejczak JJ, La Monaca F, Liodakis I, Maldera S, Manfreda A, Marscher AP, Marshall HL, Mitsuishi I, Ng CY, O’Dell SL, Oppedisano C, Papitto A, Pavlov GG, Peirson AL, Perri M, Pesce-Rollins M, Pilia M, Possenti A, Puccetti S, Ramsey BD, Romani RW, Sgrò C, Slane P, Spandre G, Tamagawa T, Tavecchio F, Taverna R, Tawara Y, Thomas NE, Trois A, Tsygankov S, Turolla R, Vink J, Wu K, Xie F, Zane S. Polarized x-rays constrain the disk-jet geometry in the black hole x-ray binary Cygnus X-1. Science 2022; 378:650-654. [DOI: 10.1126/science.add5399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A black hole x-ray binary (XRB) system forms when gas is stripped from a normal star and accretes onto a black hole, which heats the gas sufficiently to emit x-rays. We report a polarimetric observation of the XRB Cygnus X-1 using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer. The electric field position angle aligns with the outflowing jet, indicating that the jet is launched from the inner x-ray emitting region. The polarization degree is 4.01 ± 0.20% at 2 to 8 kiloelectronvolts, implying that the accretion disk is viewed closer to edge-on than the binary orbit. The observations reveal that hot x-ray emitting plasma is spatially extended in a plane perpendicular to the jet axis, not parallel to the jet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henric Krawczynski
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Fabio Muleri
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Michal Dovčiak
- Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Veledina
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics (Nordita), Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Nicole Rodriguez Cavero
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jiri Svoboda
- Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Ingram
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Giorgio Matt
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Javier A. Garcia
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Vladislav Loktev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Michela Negro
- Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Juri Poutanen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Takao Kitaguchi
- Rikagaku Kenkyūjyo (RIKEN) Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jakub Podgorný
- Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic
- Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7550, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Astronomical Institute, Charles University, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - John Rankin
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Wenda Zhang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Andrei Berdyugin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Svetlana V. Berdyugina
- Leibniz-Institut für Sonnenphysik, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Istituto Ricerche Solari (IRSOL) Aldo e Cele Daccò, Faculty of Informatics, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6605 Locarno, Switzerland
- Euler Institute, Faculty of Informatics, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6962 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Dmitry Blinov
- Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology–Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Fiamma Capitanio
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Niccolò Di Lalla
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paul Draghis
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sergio Fabiani
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Masato Kagitani
- School of Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, 980-8578 Sendai, Japan
| | - Vadim Kravtsov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sebastian Kiehlmann
- Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology–Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Luca Latronico
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Nikos Mandarakas
- Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology–Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Frédéric Marin
- Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7550, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Jon M. Miller
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tsunefumi Mizuno
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Sergey V. Molkov
- Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Nicola Omodei
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pierre-Olivier Petrucci
- Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ajay Ratheesh
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Takeshi Sakanoi
- School of Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, 980-8578 Sendai, Japan
| | - Andrei N. Semena
- Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Raphael Skalidis
- Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology–Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Paolo Soffitta
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Phillipp Thalhammer
- Dr. Karl Remeis Observatory, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - Francesco Tombesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata,” 00133 Roma, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” 00133 Roma, Italy
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Joern Wilms
- Dr. Karl Remeis Observatory, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - Sixuan Zhang
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Iván Agudo
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Lucio A. Antonelli
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy
- Space Science Data Center, ASI, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Matteo Bachetti
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, 09047 Selargius, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luca Baldini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ronaldo Bellazzini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Raffaella Bonino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Brez
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bucciantini
- INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, 50125 Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Simone Castellano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Ciprini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” 00133 Roma, Italy
- Space Science Data Center, ASI, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Enrico Costa
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Rosa
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Ettore Del Monte
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Di Marco
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Victor Doroshenko
- Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Teruaki Enoto
- Rikagaku Kenkyūjyo (RIKEN) Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuri Evangelista
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ferrazzoli
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Shuichi Gunji
- Department of Physics, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi 990-8560, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hayashida
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jeremy Heyl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wataru Iwakiri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Svetlana G. Jorstad
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Astrophysics, St. Petersburg State University, Petrodvoretz, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Karas
- Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | | | - Fabio La Monaca
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Ioannis Liodakis
- Finnish Centre for Astronomy with the European Southern Observatory (ESO), 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Simone Maldera
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Manfreda
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alan P. Marscher
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Herman L. Marshall
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ikuyuki Mitsuishi
- Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Chi-Yung Ng
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Chiara Oppedisano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Papitto
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy
| | - George G. Pavlov
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Abel L. Peirson
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matteo Perri
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy
- Space Science Data Center, ASI, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Maura Pilia
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, 09047 Selargius, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Possenti
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, 09047 Selargius, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Brian D. Ramsey
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
| | - Roger W. Romani
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carmelo Sgrò
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrick Slane
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Gloria Spandre
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Toru Tamagawa
- Astronomical Institute, Charles University, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Roberto Taverna
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Yuzuru Tawara
- Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | | | - Alessio Trois
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, 09047 Selargius, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sergey Tsygankov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Roberto Turolla
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - Jacco Vink
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kinwah Wu
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - Fei Xie
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Silvia Zane
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
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5
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Tondo F, Albani E, Arruzzolo L, Castellano S, Cesana A, Smeraldi A, Levi Setti P. P-034 Rate of testicular histology failure in predicting successful testicular sperm extraction in Non-Obstructive Azoospermia. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Does testicular histology predict successful or unsuccessful TEsticular Sperm Extraction (TESE) in Non-Obstructive Azoospermia (NOA) patients?
Summary answer
Testicular histology failed to predict successful TESE in 1 of 3 NOA patients.
What is known already
The management of patients with Non-Obstructive Azoospermia (NOA) involves TEsticular Sperm Extraction (TESE) combined with IntraCytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). Sperm retrieval is successful in up to 50% of men with NOA; however, there is no single clinical finding or investigation that can accurately predict a positive outcome. Previous studies have concluded that testicular histology is the best predictor of a successful or unsuccessful TESE.
Study design, size, duration
This is a retrospective study of 525 patients who underwent TESE between January 2018 and December 2020 in Humanitas Fertility Center.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
The cohort was dived in five groups: 287 NOA, 95 necrozoospermia, 18 anejaculation, 1 testicular trauma and 124 Obstructive Azoospermia (OA) patients.
Main results and the role of chance
Sperm was retrieved and cryopreserved in 218/287 patients with NOA (75,95%), 55/95 in necrozoospermia (57,89%), 18/18 anejaculation (100%), 1/1 testicular trauma (100%) and 120/124 in OA patients (96,77%). Interesting that, when we compare sperm recovery data through TESE with the histological assessment (HA) of corresponding testicular biopsy, we found discordance against HA. In particular we retrieved spermatozoa in 218 NOA patients but in 74 of them HA failed to detect them (33,94%). Moreover HA failed to detect spermatozoa in 8/55 (14,54%) in case of necrozoospermia, 1/18 (5,55%) in anejaculation and 10/120 (8,33%) in OA patients.
Limitations, reasons for caution
Testis's heterogeneity is a limitation of the study.
Wider implications of the findings
We found a discordance when HA is compared with sperm recovery data of corresponding testicular biopsy. This data suggest that in case of testicular diagnostics histology in 33,94% of NOA cases there is a wrong diagnosis and 1 of 3 patients it doesn’t retrieve and cryopreserve spermatozoa when it could.
Trial registration number
N A
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tondo
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS- Rozzano- Milan- Italy., Department of Gynecology- Division of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine- Fertility Center. , Rozzano MI, Italy
| | - E Albani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS- Rozzano- Milan- Italy., Department of Gynecology- Division of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine- Fertility Center. , Rozzano MI, Italy
| | - L Arruzzolo
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS- Rozzano- Milan- Italy., Department of Gynecology- Division of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine- Fertility Center. , Rozzano MI, Italy
| | - S Castellano
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS- Rozzano- Milan- Italy., Department of Gynecology- Division of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine- Fertility Center. , Rozzano MI, Italy
| | - A Cesana
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS- Rozzano- Milan- Italy., Department of Gynecology- Division of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine- Fertility Center. , Rozzano MI, Italy
| | - A Smeraldi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS- Rozzano- Milan- Italy., Department of Gynecology- Division of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine- Fertility Center. , Rozzano MI, Italy
| | - P.E Levi Setti
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS- Rozzano- Milan- Italy., Department of Gynecology- Division of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine- Fertility Center. , Rozzano MI, Italy
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6
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Charton S, Castellano S, Alzyod S, Sheibat-Othman N. ColHySE: An Advanced Column Hydrodynamic-based model for Solvent Extraction. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Liodakis I, Marscher AP, Agudo I, Berdyugin AV, Bernardos MI, Bonnoli G, Borman GA, Casadio C, Casanova V, Cavazzuti E, Rodriguez Cavero N, Di Gesu L, Di Lalla N, Donnarumma I, Ehlert SR, Errando M, Escudero J, García-Comas M, Agís-González B, Husillos C, Jormanainen J, Jorstad SG, Kagitani M, Kopatskaya EN, Kravtsov V, Krawczynski H, Lindfors E, Larionova EG, Madejski GM, Marin F, Marchini A, Marshall HL, Morozova DA, Massaro F, Masiero JR, Mawet D, Middei R, Millar-Blanchaer MA, Myserlis I, Negro M, Nilsson K, O’Dell SL, Omodei N, Pacciani L, Paggi A, Panopoulou GV, Peirson AL, Perri M, Petrucci PO, Poutanen J, Puccetti S, Romani RW, Sakanoi T, Savchenko SS, Sota A, Tavecchio F, Tinyanont S, Vasilyev AA, Weaver ZR, Zhovtan AV, Antonelli LA, Bachetti M, Baldini L, Baumgartner WH, Bellazzini R, Bianchi S, Bongiorno SD, Bonino R, Brez A, Bucciantini N, Capitanio F, Castellano S, Ciprini S, Costa E, De Rosa A, Del Monte E, Di Marco A, Doroshenko V, Dovčiak M, Enoto T, Evangelista Y, Fabiani S, Ferrazzoli R, Garcia JA, Gunji S, Hayashida K, Heyl J, Iwakiri W, Karas V, Kitaguchi T, Kolodziejczak JJ, La Monaca F, Latronico L, Maldera S, Manfreda A, Marinucci A, Matt G, Mitsuishi I, Mizuno T, Muleri F, Ng SCY, Oppedisano C, Papitto A, Pavlov GG, Pesce-Rollins M, Pilia M, Possenti A, Ramsey BD, Rankin J, Ratheesh A, Sgró C, Slane P, Soffitta P, Spandre G, Tamagawa T, Taverna R, Tawara Y, Tennant AF, Thomas NE, Tombesi F, Trois A, Tsygankov S, Turolla R, Vink J, Weisskopf MC, Wu K, Xie F, Zane S. Polarized blazar X-rays imply particle acceleration in shocks. Nature 2022; 611:677-681. [PMID: 36418451 PMCID: PMC9684068 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Most of the light from blazars, active galactic nuclei with jets of magnetized plasma that point nearly along the line of sight, is produced by high-energy particles, up to around 1 TeV. Although the jets are known to be ultimately powered by a supermassive black hole, how the particles are accelerated to such high energies has been an unanswered question. The process must be related to the magnetic field, which can be probed by observations of the polarization of light from the jets. Measurements of the radio to optical polarization-the only range available until now-probe extended regions of the jet containing particles that left the acceleration site days to years earlier1-3, and hence do not directly explore the acceleration mechanism, as could X-ray measurements. Here we report the detection of X-ray polarization from the blazar Markarian 501 (Mrk 501). We measure an X-ray linear polarization degree ΠX of around 10%, which is a factor of around 2 higher than the value at optical wavelengths, with a polarization angle parallel to the radio jet. This points to a shock front as the source of particle acceleration and also implies that the plasma becomes increasingly turbulent with distance from the shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Liodakis
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, FI-20014, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Alan P. Marscher
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Iván Agudo
- grid.450285.e0000 0004 1793 7043Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - Andrei V. Berdyugin
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria I. Bernardos
- grid.450285.e0000 0004 1793 7043Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - Giacomo Bonnoli
- grid.450285.e0000 0004 1793 7043Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, Granada, Spain ,grid.450217.5INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Merate (LC), Italy
| | - George A. Borman
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, P/O Nauchny, Nauchnij, Crimea
| | - Carolina Casadio
- grid.4834.b0000 0004 0635 685XInstitute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Voutes, Heraklion, Greece ,grid.8127.c0000 0004 0576 3437Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Víctor Casanova
- grid.450285.e0000 0004 1793 7043Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - Elisabetta Cavazzuti
- grid.423784.e0000 0000 9801 3133Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, Roma, Italy
| | - Nicole Rodriguez Cavero
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Physics Department and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO USA
| | - Laura Di Gesu
- grid.423784.e0000 0000 9801 3133Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, Roma, Italy
| | - Niccoló Di Lalla
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Immacolata Donnarumma
- grid.423784.e0000 0000 9801 3133Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, Roma, Italy
| | - Steven R. Ehlert
- grid.419091.40000 0001 2238 4912NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL USA
| | - Manel Errando
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Physics Department and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO USA
| | - Juan Escudero
- grid.450285.e0000 0004 1793 7043Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - Maya García-Comas
- grid.450285.e0000 0004 1793 7043Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Agís-González
- grid.450285.e0000 0004 1793 7043Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - César Husillos
- grid.450285.e0000 0004 1793 7043Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - Jenni Jormanainen
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, FI-20014, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Svetlana G. Jorstad
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA USA ,grid.15447.330000 0001 2289 6897Laboratory of Observational Astrophysics, St Petersburg University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Masato Kagitani
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Graduate School of Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Evgenia N. Kopatskaya
- grid.15447.330000 0001 2289 6897Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vadim Kravtsov
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Henric Krawczynski
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Physics Department and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO USA
| | - Elina Lindfors
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, FI-20014, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elena G. Larionova
- grid.15447.330000 0001 2289 6897Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Grzegorz M. Madejski
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University and SLAC, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Frédéric Marin
- grid.440483.f0000 0000 9383 4469Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alessandro Marchini
- grid.9024.f0000 0004 1757 4641Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, Astronomical Observatory, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Herman L. Marshall
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Daria A. Morozova
- grid.15447.330000 0001 2289 6897Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Francesco Massaro
- grid.470222.10000 0004 7471 9712Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, , Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Dimitri Mawet
- grid.20861.3d0000000107068890California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Riccardo Middei
- grid.423784.e0000 0000 9801 3133Space Science Data Center, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Roma, Italy ,grid.463298.20000 0001 2168 8201INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy
| | | | | | - Michela Negro
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST), Greenbelt, MD USA ,grid.266673.00000 0001 2177 1144Department of Physics and Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Kari Nilsson
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, FI-20014, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Stephen L. O’Dell
- grid.419091.40000 0001 2238 4912NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL USA
| | - Nicola Omodei
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Luigi Pacciani
- grid.466835.a0000 0004 1776 2255INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paggi
- grid.470222.10000 0004 7471 9712Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, , Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy ,grid.436940.cINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Pino Torinese, Italy
| | | | - Abel L. Peirson
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Matteo Perri
- grid.423784.e0000 0000 9801 3133Space Science Data Center, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Roma, Italy ,grid.463298.20000 0001 2168 8201INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy
| | | | - Juri Poutanen
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.426428.e0000 0004 0405 8736Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Simonetta Puccetti
- grid.423784.e0000 0000 9801 3133Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, Roma, Italy
| | - Roger W. Romani
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Takeshi Sakanoi
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Graduate School of Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sergey S. Savchenko
- grid.15447.330000 0001 2289 6897Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia ,grid.4886.20000 0001 2192 9124Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnii Arkhyz, Russia ,grid.437494.90000 0000 9168 8058Pulkovo Observatory, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alfredo Sota
- grid.450285.e0000 0004 1793 7043Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Samaporn Tinyanont
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Andrey A. Vasilyev
- grid.15447.330000 0001 2289 6897Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Zachary R. Weaver
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Alexey V. Zhovtan
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, P/O Nauchny, Nauchnij, Crimea
| | - Lucio A. Antonelli
- grid.423784.e0000 0000 9801 3133Space Science Data Center, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Roma, Italy ,grid.463298.20000 0001 2168 8201INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy
| | - Matteo Bachetti
- grid.437052.70000 0001 0096 8079INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Selargius (CA), Italy
| | - Luca Baldini
- grid.470216.6Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy ,grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Wayne H. Baumgartner
- grid.419091.40000 0001 2238 4912NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL USA
| | - Ronaldo Bellazzini
- grid.470216.6Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Bianchi
- grid.8509.40000000121622106Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Universitá degli Studi Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
| | - Stephen D. Bongiorno
- grid.419091.40000 0001 2238 4912NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL USA
| | - Raffaella Bonino
- grid.470222.10000 0004 7471 9712Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, , Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Brez
- grid.470216.6Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Niccoló Bucciantini
- grid.426239.80000 0000 9176 4495INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Firenze, Italy ,grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy ,grid.470204.5Q30265285Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Fiamma Capitanio
- grid.466835.a0000 0004 1776 2255INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Roma, Italy
| | - Simone Castellano
- grid.470216.6Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Ciprini
- grid.423784.e0000 0000 9801 3133Space Science Data Center, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Roma, Italy ,grid.470219.9Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Enrico Costa
- grid.466835.a0000 0004 1776 2255INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Rosa
- grid.466835.a0000 0004 1776 2255INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Roma, Italy
| | - Ettore Del Monte
- grid.466835.a0000 0004 1776 2255INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Marco
- grid.466835.a0000 0004 1776 2255INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Roma, Italy
| | - Victor Doroshenko
- grid.426428.e0000 0004 0405 8736Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michal Dovčiak
- grid.423799.20000 0004 0385 3578Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ondřejov, Czech Republic
| | - Teruaki Enoto
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuri Evangelista
- grid.466835.a0000 0004 1776 2255INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Roma, Italy
| | - Sergio Fabiani
- grid.466835.a0000 0004 1776 2255INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Roma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ferrazzoli
- grid.466835.a0000 0004 1776 2255INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Roma, Italy
| | - Javier A. Garcia
- grid.20861.3d0000000107068890California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Shuichi Gunji
- grid.268394.20000 0001 0674 7277Yamagata University, Yamagata-shi, Japan
| | | | - Jeremy Heyl
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - Wataru Iwakiri
- grid.443595.a0000 0001 2323 0843Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vladimir Karas
- grid.423799.20000 0004 0385 3578Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ondřejov, Czech Republic
| | - Takao Kitaguchi
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Fabio La Monaca
- grid.466835.a0000 0004 1776 2255INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Latronico
- grid.470222.10000 0004 7471 9712Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, , Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Maldera
- grid.470222.10000 0004 7471 9712Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, , Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Manfreda
- grid.470216.6Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Marinucci
- grid.423784.e0000 0000 9801 3133Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, Roma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Matt
- grid.8509.40000000121622106Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Universitá degli Studi Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
| | - Ikuyuki Mitsuishi
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XGraduate School of Science, Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsunefumi Mizuno
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fabio Muleri
- grid.466835.a0000 0004 1776 2255INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Roma, Italy
| | - Stephen C.-Y. Ng
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chiara Oppedisano
- grid.470222.10000 0004 7471 9712Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, , Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Papitto
- grid.463298.20000 0001 2168 8201INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy
| | - George G. Pavlov
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | | | - Maura Pilia
- grid.437052.70000 0001 0096 8079INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Selargius (CA), Italy
| | - Andrea Possenti
- grid.437052.70000 0001 0096 8079INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Selargius (CA), Italy
| | - Brian D. Ramsey
- grid.419091.40000 0001 2238 4912NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL USA
| | - John Rankin
- grid.466835.a0000 0004 1776 2255INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Roma, Italy
| | - Ajay Ratheesh
- grid.466835.a0000 0004 1776 2255INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Roma, Italy
| | - Carmelo Sgró
- grid.470216.6Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrick Slane
- grid.455754.20000 0001 1781 4754Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Paolo Soffitta
- grid.466835.a0000 0004 1776 2255INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Roma, Italy
| | - Gloria Spandre
- grid.470216.6Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Toru Tamagawa
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
| | - Roberto Taverna
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Yuzuru Tawara
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XGraduate School of Science, Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Allyn F. Tennant
- grid.419091.40000 0001 2238 4912NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL USA
| | - Nicolas E. Thomas
- grid.419091.40000 0001 2238 4912NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL USA
| | - Francesco Tombesi
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessio Trois
- grid.437052.70000 0001 0096 8079INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Selargius (CA), Italy
| | - Sergey Tsygankov
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.426428.e0000 0004 0405 8736Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roberto Turolla
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, UK
| | - Jacco Vink
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy & GRAPPA, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin C. Weisskopf
- grid.419091.40000 0001 2238 4912NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL USA
| | - Kinwah Wu
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, UK
| | - Fei Xie
- grid.466835.a0000 0004 1776 2255INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Roma, Italy ,grid.256609.e0000 0001 2254 5798Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Silvia Zane
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, UK
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Imbinto I, Montagnani F, Bacchereti M, Cipriani C, Davalli A, Sacchetti R, Gruppioni E, Castellano S, Controzzi M. The S-Finger: A Synergetic Externally Powered Digit With Tactile Sensing and Feedback. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2018; 26:1264-1271. [PMID: 29877851 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2018.2829183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Partial hand amputation is by far the most common type of amputation worldwide. Nevertheless, regardless of their potential clinical and socioeconomic impact, battery-powered partial hand prostheses, namely, powered digits, have modestly progressed so far, and very few clinical solutions are available today. Here, we present a mechanical architecture, an alternative to state-of-the-art solutions, which exploits a high efficiency, non-back drivable mechanical transmission based on a face-gear pair and a miniaturized clutch. We took inspiration from the synergetic prehension approach proposed by Childress for whole hand amputation. The finger was equipped with a myoelectric controller and a tactile sensor able to provide users with discrete event sensory feedback. Measured speed (90°/s) and force (6.5 N) of the newly dubbed S-Finger proved comparable with those of clinically available prostheses. The design demonstrated to be compact and rugged enough to undergo a clinical viability test with two partial hand amputees, fitted with custom three-fingered research prostheses using the S-Finger. The subjects successfully completed several dexterity tests and gave relevant feedback for the development of a second-generation device. These results contribute to the increasing research endeavors in the field of partial hand amputation.
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9
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Gumina S, Candela V, Mariani L, Venditto T, Catalano C, Castellano S, Santilli V, Giannicola G, Castagna A. Rotator cuff degeneration of the healthy shoulder in patients with unilateral arm amputation is not worsened by overuse. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2018; 26:182-187. [PMID: 28707116 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-017-4619-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In order to evaluate whether overuse has a significant role in rotator cuff tear (RCT) aetiology, we evaluated both shoulders of patients with old unilateral arm amputation expecting a higher rate of RC degeneration in the healthy side. METHODS Nineteen males and six females (mean age: 57.3 ± 10.1) with an old (>20 years) unilateral arm amputation were submitted to an MRI of both shoulders. Tendon status and muscle tropism were evaluated according to Sugaya and Fuchs classifications, respectively; the acromion humeral distance was measured. Statistical analysis was performed to verify the prevalence of Sugaya and Fuchs categories in each sides. RESULTS A significant prevalence of Sugaya type II in the amputated side (p = 0.02) and of type I in the healthy side (p < 0.001) was found. Rotator cuff was healthy in 28 and 52% of amputated and non-amputated side, respectively. The mean acromio-humeral distances of the amputated and healthy side were 0.8 cm (SD: 0.1) and 0.9 cm (SD: 0.1), respectively, (p = 0.02). A significant prevalence of Fuchs type II category in the healthy side (p < 0.001) was found. Fuchs III/IV were observed in 40 and 12% of amputated and healthy side, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present study resizes the role of overuse on the aetiology of RCT. Cuff tear prevalence in not amputated shoulders, inevitably submitted to functional overload, was not higher than that of coetaneous subjects with two functional upper limbs. Shoulder non-use is a risk factor for rotator cuff tear. As the prevalence of rotator cuff degeneration/tear is higher in the amputee side, non-use is a more relevant risk factor than overuse. In the daily clinical practice, patients with rotator cuff tear should be encouraged to shoulder movement because rotator cuff tendon status could be worsened by disuse. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gumina
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - V Candela
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - L Mariani
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - T Venditto
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Catalano
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - V Santilli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Giannicola
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Moretti P, Giordano A, Stefanello D, Ferrari R, Castellano S, Paltrinieri S. Nucleated erythrocytes in blood smears of dogs undergoing chemotherapy. Vet Comp Oncol 2015; 15:215-225. [PMID: 26109175 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The frequency of normoblastemia in dogs receiving chemotherapy is unknown. To provide this information, we calculated the percentage and number of nucleated erythrocytes (nRBCs) in blood of dogs treated for lymphoma (n = 284), mast cell tumour (n = 40) or carcinoma (n = 46). Relative normoblastemia (>1 or >5%) and absolute normoblastemia (>0.1 or >0.4 × 103 µL-1 ) were found after administration of vincristine (49.3, 20.5, 42.5, 19.2%, respectively), carboplatin (37.0, 2.2, 34.8, 13.0%), cyclophosphamide (30.8, 7.7, 23.1, 7.7%), doxorubicin (25.0, 8.3, 21.7, 6.7%), vinblastine and prednisone (25.0; 5.0; 22.5; 7.5%). Absolute normoblastemia was very severe (>1.0 × 103 nRBC µL-1 ) after administration of vincristine (9.6%), doxorubicin (3.3%), vinblastine and prednisone (2.5%). Absolute normoblastemia negatively correlated with RBC counts (P < 0.001) and positively (P < 0.001) with reticulocyte and WBC counts, but correlation coefficients were low (-0.19, 0.37, 0.15). Vincristine, doxorubicin or vinblastine and prednisone may induce severe normoblastemia. This may increase WBC counts and mask neutropenia associated with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Central Laboratory, University Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - A Giordano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Central Laboratory, University Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - D Stefanello
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Central Laboratory, University Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - R Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Central Laboratory, University Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - S Castellano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S Paltrinieri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Central Laboratory, University Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
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Franek M, Legartová S, Suchánková J, Milite C, Castellano S, Sbardella G, Kozubek S, Bártová E. CARM1 modulators affect epigenome of stem cells and change morphology of nucleoli. Physiol Res 2015; 64:769-82. [PMID: 26047373 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CARM1 interacts with numerous transcription factors to mediate cellular processes, especially gene expression. This is important for the maintenance of ESC pluripotency or intervention to tumorigenesis. Here, we studied epigenomic effects of two potential CARM1 modulators: an activator (EML159) and an inhibitor (ellagic acid dihydrate, EA). We examined nuclear morphology in human and mouse embryonic stem cells (hESCs, mESCs), as well as in iPS cells. The CARM1 modulators did not function similarly in all cell types. EA decreased the levels of the pluripotency markers, OCT4 and NANOG, particularly in iPSCs, whereas the levels of these proteins increased after EML159 treatment. EML159 treatment of mouse ESCs led to decreased levels of OCT4 and NANOG, which was accompanied by an increased level of Endo-A. The same trend was observed for NANOG and Endo-A in hESCs affected by EML159. Interestingly, EA mainly changed epigenetic features of nucleoli because a high level of arginine asymmetric di-methylation in the nucleoli of hESCs was reduced after EA treatment. ChIP-PCR of ribosomal genes confirmed significantly reduced levels of H3R17me2a, in both the promoter region of ribosomal genes and rDNA encoding 28S rRNA, after EA addition. Moreover, EA treatment changed the nuclear pattern of AgNORs (silver-stained nucleolus organizer regions) in all cell types studied. In EA-treated ESCs, AgNOR pattern was similar to the pattern of AgNORs after inhibition of RNA pol I by actinomycin D. Together, inhibitory effect of EA on arginine methylation and effect on related morphological parameters was especially observed in compartment of nucleoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Franek
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Poda D, Barabash A, Belli P, Bernabei R, Cappella F, Caracciolo V, Castellano S, Chernyak D, Cerulli R, Danevich F, d’Angelo S, Incicchitti A, Kobychev V, Konovalov S, Laubenstein M, Podviyanuk R, Polischuk O, Shlegel V, Tretyak V, Umatov V, Vasiliev Y. Search for 2βdecay of116Cd with the help of enriched116CdWO4crystal scintillators. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20136501005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bernabei R, Belli P, Cappella F, Caracciolo V, Castellano S, Cerulli R, Dai C, d’Angelo A, d’Angelo S, Di Marco A, He H, Incicchitti A, Kuang H, Ma X, Montecchia F, Sheng X, Wang R, Ye Z. New results and perspectives of DAMA/LIBRA. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20147100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Gelev S, Toshev S, Trajceska L, Pavleska S, Selim G, Dzekova P, Shikole A, Gelev S, Toshev S, Trajceska L, Pavleska S, Selim G, Dzekova P, Shikole A, Ulu SM, Yilmaz F, Ahsen A, Akci A, Yuksel S, Mihaescu A, Olariu N, Avram C, Schiller O, Schiller A, Xiao DM, Niu JY, Gu Y, Drechsler C, van den Broek H, Vervloet M, Hoekstra T, Dekker F, Ketteler M, Brandenburg V, Turkvatan A, Kirkpantur A, Mandiroglu S, Afsar B, Seloglu B, Alkis M, Erkula S, GURBUZ H, Serin M, CALIK Y, Mandiroglu F, Balci M, Choi BS, Choi SR, Park HS, Hong YA, Chung BH, Kim YS, Yang CW, Kim YS, Park CW, Jung JY, Sung JY, Kim AJ, Kim HS, Lee C, Ro H, Chang JH, Lee HH, Chung W, Sezer S, Bal Z, Tutal E, Bal U, Erkmen Uyar M, Ozdemir Acar N, Karakas Y, Sahin G, Urfali F, Bal C, Akcar Degirmenci N, Sirmagul B, Janda K, Krzanowski M, Dumnicka P, Kusnierz-Cabala B, Sulowicz W, Balci M, Kirkpantur A, Mandiroglu S, Afsar B, Seloglu B, Alkis M, Serin M, CALIK Y, Erkula S, GURBUZ H, Mandiroglu F, Turkvatan A, Valtuille RA, Gonzalez MS, Casos ME, Yoshida T, Yamashita M, Hayashi M, Raikou VD, Tentolouris N, Makropoulos I, Kaisidis P, Boletis JN, Abdalla AA, Roche D, Forbes JF, Hannigan A, Hegarty A, Cronin CJ, Casserly LF, Stack AG, Guinsburg A, Raimann JG, Usvyat L, Kooman J, Marelli C, Etter M, Marcelli D, Levin NW, Kotanko P, Kim CS, Choi JS, Bae EH, Ma SK, Kim SW, Ryu JH, Lee S, Ryu DR, Kim SJ, Kang DH, Choi KB, Shoji T, Tsuchikura S, Shimomura N, Kakiya R, Tsujimoto Y, Tabata T, Emoto M, Nishizawa Y, Inaba M, Selim G, Stojceva-Taneva O, Tozija L, Georgievska-Ismail L, Gelev S, Dzekova-Vidimliski P, Trajceska L, Petronievic Z, Sikole A, Wu CJ, Pan CF, Chen HH, Lin CJ, Kim Y, Kim JK, Song YR, Kim SG, Kim HJ, Kuwahara M, Bannai K, Kikuchi K, Yamato H, Segawa H, Miyamoto KI, De Mauri A, Chiarinotti D, Ruva CE, David P, Capurro F, De Leo M, Han JH, Kim HR, Ko KI, Kim CH, Koo HM, Doh FM, Lee MJ, Oh HJ, Han SH, Yoo TH, Choi KH, Kang SW, Shibata K, Sohara H, Kuji T, Kawata S, Kogudhi N, Nishihara M, Satta H, Jung JY, Ro H, Lee C, Kim SM, Kim AJ, Kim HS, Chang JH, Lee HH, Chung W, Kramann R, Erpenbeck J, Becker M, Brandenburg V, Kruger T, Marx N, Floege J, Schlieper G, Power A, Fogarty D, Wheeler D, Kerschbaum J, Schwarz CP, Mayer G, Prajitno CW, Matsuzawa R, Matsunaga A, Ishii A, Abe Y, Yoneki K, Harada M, Takagi Y, Yoshida A, Takahira N, Sirch J, Pfeiffer S, Fischlein T, El-Nahid MS, Issac MS, Bal Z, Tutal E, Bal U, Erkmen Uyar M, Guliyev O, Sayin B, Sezer S, Bajari T, Hermann M, Gmeiner B, Regele H, Aumayr K, Gensberger ET, Scharrer S, Sengoge G, Novo A, Tania S, Anes E, Domingues A, Mendes E, Batista G, Viana J, Rroji M, Cafka M, Seferi S, Seiti J, Petrela E, Likaj E, Thereska N, Selim G, Stojceva-Taneva O, Tozija L, Georgievska-Ismail L, Gelev S, Dzekova-Vidimliski P, Trajceska L, Petronievic Z, Sikole A, Turkmen K, Ozcicek F, Erdur F, Turk S, Yeksan M, Tonbul H, Castellano S, Palomares I, Merello JI, Mandiroglu S, Torkvatan A, Balci M, Seloglu B, Alkis M, Serin M, Erkula S, Gurbuz H, Calik Y, Afsar B, Mandiroglu F, Kirkpantur A, Ulusal Okyay G, Okyay K, Polattas Solak E, Sahinaslan A, Pasaoglu O, Ayerden Ebinc F, Boztepe Derici U, Sindel S, Arinsoy T, Lee YK, Son SY, Choi MJ, Lee SM, Yoon JW, Koo JR, Noh JW, Vaziri ND, Matias P, Amaral T, Ferreira AC, Mendes M, Azevedo A, Jorge C, Aires I, Gil C, Ferreira A, Carretero Dios D, Merello Godino JI, Moran Risco JE, Castellano Gasch S, Schwermer K, Hoppe K, Klysz P, Radziszewska D, Sikorska D, Nealis J, Polcyn-Adamczak M, Zaremba-Drobnik D, Pawlaczyk K, Oko A, Mentese A, Yavuz A, Karahan C, Sumer A, Ozkan G, Ulusoy S, Yildiz G, Duman A, Aydin H, Yilmaz A, Hur E, Magden K, Cetin G, Candan F, Franczyk-Skora B, Gluba A, Kowalczyk M, Banach M, Rysz J, Novo A, Domingues A, Preto L, Sousa T, Mendes E, Batista G, Vaz J, Oue M, Kuragano T, Hamahata S, Fukao W, Toyoda K, Nakanishi T, Otsubo S, Tsuchiya K, Akiba T, Nitta K, Afsar B, Saglam M, Yuceturk C, Agca E, Tosic J, Djuric Z, Popovic J, Buzadzic I, Djuric P, Jankovic A, Dimkovic N, Simone S, Dell'Oglio MP, Ciccone M, Castellano G, Corciulo R, Balestra C, Giangrande M, Gigante M, Grandaliano G, Gesualdo L, Pertosa GP, Mohamed EA, Marouane B, Mohamed Reda EF, Aziz R, Hicham B, Youssef B, Abdennasser EK, Salaheddine T, Mohammed A, Hwang JC, Jiang MY, Lu YH, Wang CT, Grzegorzewska A, Cieszynski K, Niepolski L, Sowinska A, Abdallah E, Al-Helal B, Waked E, Abdel-Khalik A, Nabil M, El-Shanawany F, Tekce H, Kursat S, Bahadir Colak H, Aktas G, Ozcicek A, Turkmen K, Ozcicek F, Akbas E, Demirtas L, Ozbicer A, Cetinkay R, Capoglu I, Valocikova I, Valocik G, Vachalcova M, Kolesarova E, Nowak A, Friedrich B, Artunc F, Serra A, Breidthardt T, Twerenbold R, Peter M, Potocki M, Muller C. Cardiovascular complications in CKD 5D. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Cadeddu
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo Università di Torino Torino Italy
| | - C. Giacoma
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo Università di Torino Torino Italy
| | - S. Castellano
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo Università di Torino Torino Italy
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Proroga Y, Cerrone A, Valvini O, Castellano S, Carullo M, Bove D, Guarino A, Iovane G. MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZAION OF A TYPICAL ITALIAN CHEESE: PECORINO DI LATICAUDA (PART I). Ital J Food Saf 2009. [DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2009.5.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Castellano S, Candura A, Scarascia Mugnozza G. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOLIDITY RATIO, COLOUR AND SHADING EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL NETS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2008.801.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Odierna G, Aprea G, Capriglione T, Castellano S, Balletto E. Cytological evidence for population-specific sex chromosome heteromorphism in Palaearctic green toads (Amphibia, Anura). J Biosci 2007; 32:763-8. [PMID: 17762149 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-007-0076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A chromosome study was carried out on a number of European and Central Asiatic diploid green toad populations by means of standard and various other chromosome banding and staining methods (Ag-NOR-, Q-, CMA3-, late replicating [LR] banding pattern, C-and sequential C-banding + CMA3 + DAPI). This study revealed the remarkable karyological uniformity of specimens from all populations, with the only exception being specimens from a Moldavian population, where one chromosome pair was heteromorphic. Though similar in shape, size and with an identical heterochromatin distribution,the difference in the heteromorphic pair was due to a large inverted segment on its long arms. This heteromorphism was restricted to females, suggesting a female heterogametic sex chromosome system of ZZ/ZW type at a very early step of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Odierna
- Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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Santovito A, Selvaggi A, Cervella P, Castellano S, Bigatti MP, Sella G, Delpero M. Polymorphic Alu insertions in five North-West Italian populations. Am J Hum Biol 2007; 19:589-92. [PMID: 17546608 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the frequencies of eight human polymorphic Alu insertion loci in population samples from five towns in North-West Italy: Postua, Cavaglià, Biella, Torino, and Genova. All loci under scrutiny were found to be polymorphic in all samples, with the two exceptions of locus A25 in Postua, which was fixed for the absence of the Alu element, and APO in Genova, where the Alu insertion was fixed. Heterozigosity values were highly variable in all loci. F(ST) values for all loci indicate that most of the variability is found within populations, while between population variability is lower. In the multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis plot, the studied populations are separated from the main group represented by European populations. The Postua sample is set apart also from neighboring towns as Cavaglià and Biella, confirming previous observations of the demographic isolation of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santovito
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Rizzetto E, Castellano S, Florio C, Vadori M, Stefancich G. 5-aryl-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine derivatives as tricyclic constrained analogues of diazepam and Ro5-4864. Synthesis and binding properties at peripheral and central benzodiazepine receptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 61:505-10. [PMID: 16826968 DOI: 10.1002/chin.200639192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Four series of 5-aryl-imidazo[2,-c][1,4]benzodiazepine derivatives 1a-f, 2a-f, 3a-f, and 4a-f were synthesized and tested for their affinity at both the peripheral and central benzodiazepine receptors. Among the four series, only N-10 and C-11 sites were changed, mainly [N(CH3)-CO], [N=CH], [NH-CO], [NH-CH2], and in each series the halogen site was varied at the positions C-7, C-2', and C-4'. In particular, 10-methyl-benzodiazepinones 1a and 1b were designed as tricyclic constrained analogues of diazepam and Ro5-4864. All the tested compounds did not show significant binding activity at central benzodiazepine receptors, but relatively good PBzR binding affinities were found for 10-methyl-benzodiazepinone 1c and benzodiazepines 2b, c. Benzodiazepinones 3a-f were prepared by cyclization with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole of the corresponding 2-(aryl-imidazol-1-yl-methyl)-arylamines, obtained from the suitable (2-amino-aryl)-aryl-methanols with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole in different conditions. N-Alkylation of 3a-f to 1a-f was achieved using dimethylformamide-dimethylacetal. Reduction of 3a-f to 4a-f was accomplished with lithium aluminum hydride or borane and oxidation of 4a-f to 2a-f was performed with manganese (IV) oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rizzetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Trieste, Italy.
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Giammò A, Bodo G, Castellano S, Bertapelle P, Borrè A, Carone R. THE USE OF SPIRAL MDCT (MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY) SCAN IN PROACT™ (ADJUSTABLE CONTINENCE THERAPY) IMPLANT FAILURES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9056(06)60091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Leo G, Pisanò M, Ciannamea B, Pitotti E, Castellano S, Vergara D, Megha M, Moschettini G, Mighali P, Maffia M. ROLE OF SEQUENCING DNA IN THE HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPING. DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC PERSPECTIVES. Microbiol Med 2005. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2005.3575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Acosta D, Adelman J, Affolder T, Akimoto T, Albrow MG, Ambrose D, Amerio S, Amidei D, Anastassov A, Anikeev K, Annovi A, Antos J, Aoki M, Apollinari G, Arisawa T, Arguin JF, Artikov A, Ashmanskas W, Attal A, Azfar F, Azzi-Bacchetta P, Bacchetta N, Bachacou H, Badgett W, Barbaro-Galtieri A, Barker GJ, Barnes VE, Barnett BA, Baroiant S, Bauer G, Bedeschi F, Behari S, Belforte S, Bellettini G, Bellinger J, Belloni A, Ben-Haim E, Benjamin D, Beretvas A, Bhatti A, Binkley M, Bisello D, Bishai M, Blair RE, Blocker C, Bloom K, Blumenfeld B, Bocci A, Bodek A, Bolla G, Bolshov A, Bortoletto D, Boudreau J, Bourov S, Brau B, Bromberg C, Brubaker E, Budagov J, Budd HS, Burkett K, Busetto G, Bussey P, Byrum KL, Cabrera S, Campanelli M, Campbell M, Canelli F, Canepa A, Casarsa M, Castellano S, Carlsmith D, Carosi R, Carron S, Cavalli-Sforza M, Castro A, Catastini P, Cauz D, Cerri A, Cerrito L, Chapman J, Chen YC, Chertok M, Chiarelli G, Chlachidze G, Chlebana F, Cho I, Cho K, Chokheli D, Chou JP, Chuang S, Chung K, Chung WH, Chung YS, Cijliak M, Ciobanu CI, Ciocci MA, Clark AG, Clark D, Coca M, Connolly A, Convery M, Conway J, Cooper B, Copic K, Cordelli M, Cortiana G, Cranshaw J, Cuevas J, Cruz A, Culbertson R, Currat C, Cyr D, Dagenhart D, Da Ronco S, D'Auria S, de Barbaro P, De Cecco S, Deisher A, De Lentdecker G, Dell'Orso M, Demers S, Demortier L, Deninno M, De Pedis D, Derwent PF, Dionisi C, Dittmann JR, DiTuro P, Dörr C, Dominguez A, Donati S, Donega M, Donini J, D'Onofrio M, Dorigo T, Ebina K, Efron J, Ehlers J, Erbacher R, Erdmann M, Errede D, Errede S, Eusebi R, Fang HC, Farrington S, Fedorko I, Fedorko WT, Feild RG, Feindt M, Fernandez JP, Field RD, Flanagan G, Flaugher B, Flores-Castillo LR, Foland A, Forrester S, Foster GW, Franklin M, Freeman JC, Fujii Y, Furic I, Gajjar A, Galyardt J, Gallinaro M, Garcia-Sciveres M, Garfinkel AF, Gay C, Gerberich H, Gerdes DW, Gerchtein E, Giagu S, Giannetti P, Gibson A, Gibson K, Ginsburg C, Giolo K, Giordani M, Giunta M, Giurgiu G, Glagolev V, Glenzinski D, Gold M, Goldschmidt N, Goldstein D, Goldstein J, Gomez G, Gomez-Ceballos G, Goncharov M, González O, Gorelov I, Goshaw AT, Gotra Y, Goulianos K, Gresele A, Griffiths M, Grosso-Pilcher C, Grundler U, Guimaraes da Costa J, Haber C, Hahn K, Hahn SR, Halkiadakis E, Hamilton A, Han BY, Handler R, Happacher F, Hara K, Hare M, Harr RF, Harris RM, Hartmann F, Hatakeyama K, Hauser J, Hays C, Hayward H, Heinemann B, Heinrich J, Hennecke M, Herndon M, Hill C, Hirschbuehl D, Hocker A, Hoffman KD, Holloway A, Hou S, Houlden MA, Huffman BT, Huang Y, Hughes RE, Huston J, Ikado K, Incandela J, Introzzi G, Iori M, Ishizawa Y, Issever C, Ivanov A, Iwata Y, Iyutin B, James E, Jang D, Jayatilaka B, Jeans D, Jensen H, Jeon EJ, Jones M, Joo KK, Jun SY, Junk T, Kamon T, Kang J, Karagoz Unel M, Karchin PE, Kato Y, Kemp Y, Kephart R, Kerzel U, Khotilovich V, Kilminster B, Kim DH, Kim HS, Kim JE, Kim MJ, Kim MS, Kim SB, Kim SH, Kim YK, Kirby M, Kirsch L, Klimenko S, Knuteson B, Ko BR, Kobayashi H, Kong DJ, Kondo K, Konigsberg J, Kordas K, Korn A, Korytov A, Kotwal AV, Kovalev A, Kraus J, Kravchenko I, Kreymer A, Kroll J, Kruse M, Krutelyov V, Kuhlmann SE, Kwang S, Laasanen AT, Lai S, Lami S, Lammel S, Lancaster M, Lander R, Lannon K, Lath A, Latino G, Lauhakangas R, Lazzizzera I, Lecci C, LeCompte T, Lee J, Lee J, Lee SW, Lefèvre R, Leonardo N, Leone S, Levy S, Lewis JD, Li K, Lin C, Lin CS, Lindgren M, Lipeles E, Liss TM, Lister A, Litvintsev DO, Liu T, Liu Y, Lockyer NS, Loginov A, Loreti M, Loverre P, Lu RS, Lucchesi D, Lujan P, Lukens P, Lungu G, Lyons L, Lys J, Lysak R, Lytken E, MacQueen D, Madrak R, Maeshima K, Maksimovic P, Maladinovic N, Manca G, Marginean R, Marino C, Martin A, Martin M, Martin V, Martínez M, Maruyama T, Matsunaga H, Mattson M, Mazzanti P, McFarland KS, McGivern D, McIntyre PM, McNamara P, Mehta A, Menzemer S, Menzione A, Merkel P, Mesropian C, Messina A, Miao T, Miles J, Miller L, Miller R, Miller JS, Mills C, Miquel R, Miscetti S, Mitselmakher G, Miyamoto A, Moggi N, Mohr B, Moore R, Morello M, Movilla Fernandez PA, Muelmenstaedt J, Mukherjee A, Mulhearn M, Muller T, Mumford R, Munar A, Murat P, Nachtman J, Nahn S, Nakano I, Napier A, Napora R, Naumov D, Necula V, Nielsen J, Nelson T, Neu C, Neubauer MS, Nigmanov T, Nodulman L, Norniella O, Ogawa T, Oh SH, Oh YD, Ohsugi T, Okusawa T, Oldeman R, Orava R, Orejudos W, Osterberg K, Pagliarone C, Palencia E, Paoletti R, Papadimitriou V, Paramonov AA, Pashapour S, Patrick J, Pauletta G, Paulini M, Paus C, Pellett D, Penzo A, Phillips TJ, Piacentino G, Piedra J, Pitts KT, Plager C, Pondrom L, Pope G, Portell X, Poukhov O, Pounder N, Prakoshyn F, Pratt T, Pronko A, Proudfoot J, Ptohos F, Punzi G, Rademacker J, Rahaman MA, Rakitine A, Rappoccio S, Ratnikov F, Ray H, Reisert B, Rekovic V, Renton P, Rescigno M, Rimondi F, Rinnert K, Ristori L, Robertson WJ, Robson A, Rodrigo T, Rolli S, Roser R, Rossin R, Rott C, Russ J, Rusu V, Ruiz A, Ryan D, Saarikko H, Sabik S, Safonov A, St Denis R, Sakumoto WK, Salamanna G, Saltzberg D, Sanchez C, Santi L, Sarkar S, Sato K, Savard P, Savoy-Navarro A, Schlabach P, Schmidt EE, Schmidt MP, Schmitt M, Scodellaro L, Scott AL, Scribano A, Scuri F, Sedov A, Seidel S, Seiya Y, Semenov A, Semeria F, Sexton-Kennedy L, Sfiligoi I, Shapiro MD, Shears T, Shepard PF, Sherman D, Shimojima M, Shochet M, Shon Y, Shreyber I, Sidoti A, Sill A, Sinervo P, Sisakyan A, Sjolin J, Skiba A, Slaughter AJ, Sliwa K, Smirnov D, Smith JR, Snider FD, Snihur R, Soderberg M, Soha A, Somalwar SV, Spalding J, Spezziga M, Spinella F, Squillacioti P, Stadie H, Stanitzki M, Stelzer B, Stelzer-Chilton O, Stentz D, Strologas J, Stuart D, Suh JS, Sukhanov A, Sumorok K, Sun H, Suzuki T, Taffard A, Tafirout R, Takano H, Takashima R, Takeuchi Y, Takikawa K, Tanaka M, Tanaka R, Tanimoto N, Tecchio M, Teng PK, Terashi K, Tesarek RJ, Tether S, Thom J, Thompson AS, Thomson E, Tipton P, Tiwari V, Tkaczyk S, Toback D, Tollefson K, Tomura T, Tonelli D, Tönnesmann M, Torre S, Torretta D, Tourneur S, Trischuk W, Tsuchiya R, Tsuno S, Tsybychev D, Turini N, Ukegawa F, Unverhau T, Uozumi S, Usynin D, Vacavant L, Vaiciulis A, Varganov A, Vejcik S, Velev G, Veszpremi V, Veramendi G, Vickey T, Vidal R, Vila I, Vilar R, Vollrath I, Volobouev I, von der Mey M, Wagner P, Wagner RG, Wagner RL, Wagner W, Wallny R, Walter T, Wan Z, Wang MJ, Wang SM, Warburton A, Ward B, Waschke S, Waters D, Watts T, Weber M, Wester WC, Whitehouse B, Whiteson D, Wicklund AB, Wicklund E, Williams HH, Wilson P, Winer BL, Wittich P, Wolbers S, Wolfe C, Wolter M, Worcester M, Worm S, Wright T, Wu X, Würthwein F, Wyatt A, Yagil A, Yamashita T, Yamamoto K, Yamaoka J, Yang C, Yang UK, Yao W, Yeh GP, Yoh J, Yorita K, Yoshida T, Yu I, Yu S, Yun JC, Zanello L, Zanetti A, Zaw I, Zetti F, Zhou J, Zucchelli S. Evidence for B0 s-->phiphi decay and measurements of branching ratio and A(CP) for B+ -->phiK+. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:031801. [PMID: 16090735 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.031801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present the first evidence of charmless decays of the B(0)(s) meson, the decay B(0)(s)--> phiphi, and a measurement of the branching ratio BR(B(0)(s)--> phiphi) using 180 pb(-1) of data collected by the CDF II experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. In addition, the BR and direct CP asymmetry for the B+-->phiK+ decay are measured. We obtain BR(B(0)(s)--> phiphi)=[14(+6)(-5)(stat)+/-6(syst)] x 10(-6), BR(B+-->phiK+)=[7.6+/-1.3(stat)+/-0.6(syst)] x 10(-6), and A(CP)(B+-->phiK+)= -0.07+/-0.17(stat)+0.03 / -0.02(syst). Both decays are governed in the standard model by second order (penguin) b-->s(-)ss amplitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Acosta
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Carbone M, Goss E, Carrozzo M, Castellano S, Conrotto D, Broccoletti R, Gandolfo S. Systemic and topical corticosteroid treatment of oral lichen planus: a comparative study with long-term follow-up. J Oral Pathol Med 2003; 32:323-9. [PMID: 12787038 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2003.00173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical corticosteroids are the mainstay treatment for oral lichen planus (OLP), but some authors suggest that systemic corticosteroid therapy is the only way to control acute presentation of OLP. METHODS Forty-nine patients with histologically proven atrophic-erosive OLP were divided into two groups matched for age and sex. The test group (26 patients) was treated systemically with prednisone (50 mg/day), and afterwards with clobetasol ointment in an adhesive medium plus antimicotics, whereas the control group (23 patients) was only treated topically with clobetasol plus antimycotics. RESULTS Complete remission of signs was obtained in 68.2% of the test group and 69.6% of the control group, respectively (P = 0.94). Similar results were obtained for symptoms. Follow-up showed no significant differences between the two groups. One-third of the patients of the test group versus none in the control group experienced systemic side-effects (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The most suitable corticosteroid therapy in the management of OLP is the topical therapy, which is easier and more cost-effective than the systemic therapy followed by topical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carbone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Oral Medicine Section, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Turin, Italy.
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Natta G, Ercoli R, Castellano S, Barbieri FH. THE INFLUENCE OF HYDROGEN AND CARBON MONOXIDE PARTIAL PRESSURES ON THE RATE OF THE HYDROFORMYLATION REACTION. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01644a071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bothner-By AA, Castellano S, Ebersole SJ, Günther H. The Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Olefins. V. 3-Chloro- and 3-Methoxypropenes. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00963a020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pomatto E, Castellano S, Bianchi SD. Unilateral fibroadipose degeneration of the masticatory muscles. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2001; 30:346-8. [PMID: 11641735 DOI: 10.1038/sj/dmfr/4600641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2001] [Accepted: 07/17/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique case of fatty replacement of the masticatory muscles, causing progressive limitation of mouth opening, is presented. Both CT and MRI revealed an almost total substitution of the masticatory muscles with fatty tissue, confirmed by the histopathology at surgery. Myotomy of masseter and internal pterygoid muscles and coronoidotomy improved his symptoms. There is no known cause of fibroadipose replacement of muscle fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pomatto
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Castellano S, Zorzin L, Florio C, Frausin F, Stefancich G. Synthesis of 11-aryl-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines and their benzodiazepine and A1 adenosine binding activity. Farmaco 2001; 56:771-8. [PMID: 11718270 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(01)01133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the context of a research program aimed at elucidating the properties of the 5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1.4]benzodiazepine system, a series of 11-aryl-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines (3a-i) and their 10,11-dihydro-derivatives (4a-i) has been synthesized. The synthetic strategy includes the preparation of the aryl-[1-(2-nitrobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]methanones (5a-i) followed by their reduction and subsequent cyclization. Affinities of compounds 3a-i and 4a-i for central benzodiazepine as well as for adenosine A1-receptors were determined by radioligand binding assays. Among the unsaturated analogues, the highest activity at both receptors is displayed by 1H-(2-thienyl) derivative 3e. The hydrogenated analogues 4a-i do not exhibit considerable binding affinity either for central benzodiazepine or for adenosine A1-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Castellano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Trieste, Italy.
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Castellano S, Morozova N, Morey M, Berry MJ, Serras F, Corominas M, Guigó R. In silico identification of novel selenoproteins in the Drosophila melanogaster genome. EMBO Rep 2001; 2:697-702. [PMID: 11493597 PMCID: PMC1083988 DOI: 10.1093/embo-reports/kve151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In selenoproteins, incorporation of the amino acid selenocysteine is specified by the UGA codon, usually a stop signal. The alternative decoding of UGA is conferred by an mRNA structure, the SECIS element, located in the 3'-untranslated region of the selenoprotein mRNA. Because of the non-standard use of the UGA codon, current computational gene prediction methods are unable to identify selenoproteins in the sequence of the eukaryotic genomes. Here we describe a method to predict selenoproteins in genomic sequences, which relies on the prediction of SECIS elements in coordination with the prediction of genes in which the strong codon bias characteristic of protein coding regions extends beyond a TGA codon interrupting the open reading frame. We applied the method to the Drosophila melanogaster genome, and predicted four potential selenoprotein genes. One of them belongs to a known family of selenoproteins, and we have tested experimentally two other predictions with positive results. Finally, we have characterized the expression pattern of these two novel selenoprotein genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Castellano
- Grup de Recerca en Informàtica Biomèdica, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Marcorin GL, Da Ros T, Castellano S, Stefancich G, Bonin I, Miertus S, Prato M. Design and synthesis of novel [60]fullerene derivatives as potential HIV aspartic protease inhibitors. Org Lett 2000; 2:3955-8. [PMID: 11112616 DOI: 10.1021/ol000217y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure] Two water-soluble fullerene derivatives have been computer-designed and synthesized. They may exhibit interesting anti-HIV activity owing to the presence of two ammonium groups strategically located on the spheroid surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Marcorin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa, 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Castellano S, Mariggiò MA, Guarnieri S, Stefancich G, Pietrangelo T. New structural analogues of Tubulozole induce apoptosis, [Ca2+]i modifications and cytoskeletal disorganization in glial (GL15) and neuronal-like (PC12) cell lines. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2000; 333:373-80. [PMID: 11129979 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4184(200011)333:11<373::aid-ardp373>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and the biological activity of (+/-)-cis- and (+/-)-trans-[4-[[2-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1, 3-dioxolan-4-yl]methylthio]phenyl]carbamic acid ethyl esters (2a and 2b) are discussed. They were designed as structural analogues of Tubulozole, a synthetic tubulin polymerisation inhibitor with antimitotic properties. Biological tests were carried out on PC12, a neuronal-like cell line derived from rat pheochromocytoma, and on GL15, a cell line derived from human glioblastoma. The exposure (from 5 to 20 h) of GL15 and PC12 cells to different concentrations (0.1-1000 microM; IC50 approximately 1 microM) of 2a or 2b resulted in a drastic decrease in the number of viable cells without an apparent effect on the cell distribution in the various phases of the cell cycle. Compound 2a or 2b (10 microM) induced cell death by activating apoptosis. This was correlated with the activation of an oscillating Ca(2+)-dependent mechanism which increased the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) via Ca(2+)-release from internal stores. Moreover, 2a (10 microM) also induced severe damage of cytoskeletal F-actin filaments after a 5 h incubation in GL15 cells. This was also observed but to a smaller extent, for 2b. Under the same experimental conditions, PC12 cells showed similar actin deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Castellano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Faraone Mennella MR, Castellano S, De Luca P, Discenza A, Gambacorta A, Nicolaus B, Farina B. Comparison of the ADP-ribosylating thermozyme from Sulfolobus solfataricus and the mesophilic poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2000; 192:9-14. [PMID: 11040421 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-like thermozyme purified from Sulfolobus solfataricus was characterised with respect to some physico-chemical properties. The archaeal protein exhibited a scarce electrophoretic mobility at both pH 2.9 and pH 7.5. Determination of the isoelectric point (pI=7.0-7.2) allowed us to understand the reason for the limited migration at pH 7.5, while amino acid composition analysis showed a moderate content of basic residues, which reduced mobility at pH 2.9. With respect to the charge, the archaeal enzyme behaved differently from the eukaryotic thermolabile poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, described as a basic protein (pI=9.5). Well known inhibitors of the mesophilic polymerase like Zn(2+), nicotinamide and 3-aminobenzamide exerted a smaller effect on the enzyme from S. solfataricus, reducing the activity by at most 50%. Mg(2+) was a positive effector, although in a dose-dependent manner. It influenced the fluorescence spectrum of the archaeal protein, whereas NaCl had no effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Faraone Mennella
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biologica, Facoltà di Scienze, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Abstract
In this study we extended our exploration of the N-azolylamine moiety for its antifungal activity. We prepared a number of N-azolylamino derivatives. The synthetic sequence includes the preparation of aminoazole Schiff bases, and the reduction and the alkylation of the corresponding secondary amines. The title compounds were evaluated in vitro against several pathogenic fungi responsible for human disease. The most potent antimicrobial compound was the N-(biphenyl-4-yl)methyl-N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl-1H-imidazol-l-yl amine (21), which was found to be active against yeasts and dermatophytes; its potency and selectivity were comparable to those of miconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Castellano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Italy
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Castellano S, La Colla P, Musiu C, Stefancich G. Azole antifungal agents related to naftifine and butenafine. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2000; 333:162-6. [PMID: 10909187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The methyl group of naftifine (1) and butenafine (2) was replaced by an azolic nucleus to obtain the new compounds 3-8 which exhibit the characteristics of both allylamine (or benzylamine) and azole antifungals. The title compounds were evaluated in vitro against several pathogenic fungi responsible for human disease. Among these, compounds 5, 6, and 8 were found to inhibit the growth of dermatophytes with a potency comparable to that of naftifine. The synthetic sequence includes the preparation of aminoazole Schiff bases, reduction, and alkylation of the corresponding secondary amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Castellano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Abstract
Positively charged fullerene derivatives, moderately soluble in water:DMSO 9:1, have been tested using three strains of Mycobacterium spp. Some compounds inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a human clinical isolate, particularly virulent and resistant, at doses as low as 5 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Italy
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Carbone M, Carrozzo M, Castellano S, Conrotto D, Broccoletti R, Gandolfo S. Systemic corticosteroid therapy of oral vesiculoerosive diseases (OVED). An open trial. Minerva Stomatol 1998; 47:479-87. [PMID: 9866960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report the preliminary findings from our open study on how to optimize the doses and the response times to systemic corticosteroid therapy for three forms of oral vesiculoerosive diseases (OVED). METHODS All twenty-one patients enrolled in the study were affected with OVED (10 OLP, 6 MMP, 5 EM) and received different doses of prednisone in relation to the type of disease and its severity. Daily mouthwashes with 0.12% chlorhexidine and application of miconazole gel were added to the therapy; its response time to treatment varied individually, the doses were reduced only after 75% of lesions had cleared. RESULTS The average response time to treatment was 28 days. Clinical assessment showed that 95% of the patients had improved, whereas 71% had complete remission of oral signs and 48% experienced side effects. The degree of clinical resolution was: 70% complete remission after 26 days of therapy in patients with OLP, 33% complete remission after 38 days in patients with MMP, and 100% complete remission after ten days in patients with EM. CONCLUSIONS Although a preliminary study, initial results showed different types and times of response to systemic corticosteroid treatment for the three diseases. Our findings strongly suggest that a unified therapeutic protocol for different OVED is not advisable, nor can systemic treatment be considered the first therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carbone
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Turin
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Abstract
We analysed variation in three temporal (pulse rate, call and intercall duration) and one spectral (fundamental frequency) acoustic properties of the green toad's, Bufo viridis, advertisement call, at different levels, from the single bout of an individual to between populations. Independent of the level, pulse rate and fundamental frequency were less variable than intercall and call durations. The former were classified as static, the latter as dynamic properties of the signal. We analysed the effects of body size and temperature, assumed to represent, respectively, morphological and physiological constraints on the signals. Static properties were under strong constraints, either morphologically (fundamental frequency) or physiologically (pulse rate), whereas no significant effects of size and temperature were observed on dynamic properties. We used two-choice discrimination experiments to investigate females' preferences for call properties. Females preferred extreme to mean values of the dynamic properties, even when these fell above the typical range of variation of the population. In contrast, females had weak preferences for mean values, and for lower than average compared with higher than average values, of static properties. We discuss the hypothesis that static and dynamic call properties may convey different information to females: static properties may be important for species recognition, whereas dynamic properties may be important for mate selection.1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
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Affiliation(s)
- S Castellano
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Torino
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46
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Pellett M, Castellano S, Hadgraft J, Davis A. The penetration of supersaturated solutions of piroxicam across silicone membranes and human skin in vitro. J Control Release 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(96)01595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Marinoni EC, Fontana A, Castellano S. Osteointegration of 96 cementless hip prostheses with hydroxyapatite coating; 5 years follow-up. Chir Organi Mov 1995; 80:147-155. [PMID: 7587516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Since 1988 at total of 96 hip prostheses with hydroxyapatite coating (HA) for both the acetabular and the femoral components have been used. HA is considered to be a biocompatible material, with a considerable capacity for osteointegration with evident osteophilia. Close integration between this material and bone tissue is determined by the formation of chemical bonds, and this leads to the development of osteoid tissue and newly-formed bone trabeculae. Based on the radiographic evaluation criteria described by Engh in 1990 and with reference to the concepts of stability and fixation of the prosthesis to the bone, it was observed that radiographic signs of osteointegration are manifested as early as 1 year after surgery, and, in particular, that the formation of bone bridges (spot welds) in the interface increases in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Marinoni
- Cattedra di Clinica Ortopedica II, Università degli Studi, Milano
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48
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Marinoni EC, Fontana A, Castellano S, Denti M. The OCTOPUS system for acetabular reconstruction. Chir Organi Mov 1994; 79:357-60. [PMID: 7614876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In revision surgery of the hip, reconstruction of the acetabulum often constitutes the most complex procedure. There is frequently a considerable loss of bone substance, and correct repositioning of the rotation center of the femoral head is required. Based on surgical experience supported by clinical results the authors affirm that both of these objectives may be achieved when the OCTOPUS socket system is used. This implant, with anchoring to the iliac bone and the use of bone transplants, allows for the reconstruction of the original anatomy of the cotyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Marinoni
- Clinica Ortopedica II Università di Milano, Ospedale S. Gerardo Monza
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Abstract
The ultimate effectiveness of any mass screening campaign is directly related to strict compliance with certain rules and technical protocols designed for radiological installations. Concerning radiological screening, the primary technical objective is to ensure reproducibly high quality images at low radiation dose to the patient. This paper describes the methodology followed for the implementation of a quality control (QC) programme of 48 mammography installations used within the context of the breast cancer screening campaign in the Bas-Rhin region of eastern France. In order to demonstrate the efficacy of such a programme, results of QC tests and procedures relating to each element of the radiological imaging chain are presented and compared for four control visits carried out at 6 month intervals over a period of 2 years. A reduction of 50% (from 16 mGy to 7.5 mGy) of breast entrance doses (normalized to a breast thickness of 4.5 cm) and a significant improvement of detectability of high contrast details are discussed. The importance of encouraging an extension of a similar process to the other screening experiments currently underway in France is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Maccia
- Centre d'Assurance de Qualité des Applications Technologiques dans le domaine de la Santé, Cachan, France
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