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Cavin JB, Wongkrasant P, Glover JB, Balemba OB, MacNaughton WK, Sharkey KA. Intestinal distension orchestrates neuronal activity in the enteric nervous system of adult mice. J Physiol 2023; 601:1183-1206. [PMID: 36752210 PMCID: PMC10319177 DOI: 10.1113/jp284171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) regulates the motor, secretory and defensive functions of the gastrointestinal tract. Enteric neurons integrate mechanical and chemical inputs from the gut lumen to generate complex motor outputs. How intact enteric neural circuits respond to changes in the gut lumen is not well understood. We recorded intracellular calcium in live-cell confocal recordings in neurons from intact segments of mouse intestine in order to investigate neuronal response to luminal mechanical and chemical stimuli. Wnt1-, ChAT- and Calb1-GCaMP6 mice were used to record neurons from the jejunum and colon. We measured neuronal calcium response to KCl (75 mM), veratridine (10 μM), 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (DMPP; 100 μM) or luminal nutrients (Ensure®), in the presence or absence of intraluminal distension. In the jejunum and colon, distension generated by the presence of luminal content (chyme and faecal pellets, respectively) renders the underlying enteric circuit unresponsive to depolarizing stimuli. In the distal colon, high levels of distension inhibit neuronal response to KCl, while intermediate levels of distension reorganize Ca2+ response in circumferentially propagating slow waves. Mechanosensitive channel inhibition suppresses distension-induced Ca2+ elevations, and calcium-activated potassium channel inhibition restores neuronal response to KCl, but not DMPP in the distended colon. In the jejunum, distension prevents a previously unknown tetrodotoxin-resistant neuronal response to luminal nutrient stimulation. Our results demonstrate that intestinal distension regulates the excitability of ENS circuits via mechanosensitive channels. Physiological levels of distension locally silence or synchronize neurons, dynamically regulating the excitability of enteric neural circuits based on the content of the intestinal lumen. KEY POINTS: How the enteric nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract responds to luminal distension remains to be fully elucidated. Here it is shown that intestinal distension modifies intracellular calcium levels in the underlying enteric neuronal network, locally and reversibly silencing neurons in the distended regions. In the distal colon, luminal distension is integrated by specific mechanosensitive channels and coordinates the dynamics of neuronal activation within the enteric network. In the jejunum, distension suppresses the neuronal calcium responses induced by luminal nutrients. Physiological levels of distension dynamically regulate the excitability of enteric neuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Cavin
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Preedajit Wongkrasant
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joel B Glover
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Live Cell Imaging Laboratory, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Onesmo B Balemba
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Wallace K MacNaughton
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Cuddihey H, Cavin JB, Keenan CM, Wallace LE, Vemuri K, Makriyannis A, MacNaughton WK, Sharkey KA. Role of CB 1 receptors in the acute regulation of small intestinal permeability: effects of high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G219-G238. [PMID: 35787179 PMCID: PMC9394780 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00341.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system of the gastrointestinal tract is involved in the control of intestinal barrier function. Whether the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor is expressed on the intestinal epithelium and acutely regulates barrier function has not been determined. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ligands of the CB1 receptor acutely modulate small intestinal permeability and that this is associated with altered distribution of tight junction proteins. We examined the acute effects of CB1 receptor ligands on small intestinal permeability both in chow-fed and 2-wk high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice using Ussing chambers. We assessed the distribution of CB1 receptor and tight junction proteins using immunofluorescence and the expression of CB1 receptor using PCR. A low level of CB1 expression was found on the intestinal epithelium. CB1 receptor was highly expressed on enteric nerves in the lamina propria. Neither the CB1/CB2 agonist CP55,940 nor the CB1 neutral antagonist AM6545 altered the flux of 4kDa FITC dextran (FD4) across the jejunum or ileum of chow-fed mice. Remarkably, both CP55,940 and AM6545 reduced FD4 flux across the jejunum and ileum in HFD-fed mice that have elevated baseline intestinal permeability. These effects were absent in CB1 knockout mice. CP55,940 reduced the expression of claudin-2, whereas AM6545 had little effect on claudin-2 expression. Neither ligand altered the expression of ZO-1. Our data suggest that CB1 receptor on the intestinal epithelium regulates tight junction protein expression and restores barrier function when it is increased following exposure to a HFD for 2 wk.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The endocannabinoid system of the gastrointestinal tract regulates homeostasis by acting as brake on motility and secretion. Here we show that when exposed to a high fat diet, intestinal permeability is increased and activation of the CB1 receptor on the intestinal epithelium restores barrier function. This work further highlights the role of the endocannabinoid system in regulating intestinal homeostasis when it is perturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Cuddihey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean-Baptiste Cavin
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine M Keenan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laurie E Wallace
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kiran Vemuri
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wallace K MacNaughton
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Vicentini FA, Keenan CM, Wallace LE, Woods C, Cavin JB, Flockton AR, Macklin WB, Belkind-Gerson J, Hirota SA, Sharkey KA. Intestinal microbiota shapes gut physiology and regulates enteric neurons and glia. Microbiome 2021; 9:210. [PMID: 34702353 PMCID: PMC8549243 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) physiology in part through interactions with the enteric nervous system (ENS). Alterations in the gut microbiome frequently occur together with disturbances in enteric neural control in pathophysiological conditions. However, the mechanisms by which the microbiota regulates GI function and the structure of the ENS are incompletely understood. Using a mouse model of antibiotic (Abx)-induced bacterial depletion, we sought to determine the molecular mechanisms of microbial regulation of intestinal function and the integrity of the ENS. Spontaneous reconstitution of the Abx-depleted microbiota was used to assess the plasticity of structure and function of the GI tract and ENS. Microbiota-dependent molecular mechanisms of ENS neuronal survival and neurogenesis were also assessed. RESULTS Adult male and female Abx-treated mice exhibited alterations in GI structure and function, including a longer small intestine, slower transit time, increased carbachol-stimulated ion secretion, and increased intestinal permeability. These alterations were accompanied by the loss of enteric neurons in the ileum and proximal colon in both submucosal and myenteric plexuses. A reduction in the number of enteric glia was only observed in the ileal myenteric plexus. Recovery of the microbiota restored intestinal function and stimulated enteric neurogenesis leading to increases in the number of enteric glia and neurons. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) supplementation enhanced neuronal survival alongside bacterial depletion, but had no effect on neuronal recovery once the Abx-induced neuronal loss was established. In contrast, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were able to restore neuronal numbers after Abx-induced neuronal loss, demonstrating that SCFA stimulate enteric neurogenesis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a role for the gut microbiota in regulating the structure and function of the GI tract in a sex-independent manner. Moreover, the microbiota is essential for the maintenance of ENS integrity, by regulating enteric neuronal survival and promoting neurogenesis. Molecular determinants of the microbiota, LPS and SCFA, regulate enteric neuronal survival, while SCFA also stimulates neurogenesis. Our data reveal new insights into the role of the gut microbiota that could lead to therapeutic developments for the treatment of enteric neuropathies. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A. Vicentini
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Catherine M. Keenan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Laurie E. Wallace
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Crystal Woods
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Jean-Baptiste Cavin
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Amanda R. Flockton
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Wendy B. Macklin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Jaime Belkind-Gerson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
- Neurogastroenterology and Motility Program, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Simon A. Hirota
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Keith A. Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
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Ribeiro-Parenti L, Jarry AC, Cavin JB, Willemetz A, Le Beyec J, Sannier A, Benadda S, Pelletier AL, Hourseau M, Léger T, Morlet B, Couvelard A, Anini Y, Msika S, Marmuse JP, Ledoux S, Le Gall M, Bado A. Bariatric surgery induces a new gastric mucosa phenotype with increased functional glucagon-like peptide-1 expressing cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:110. [PMID: 33397977 PMCID: PMC7782689 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) undergoes rapid inactivation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) suggesting that target receptors may be activated by locally produced GLP-1. Here we describe GLP-1 positive cells in the rat and human stomach and found these cells co-expressing ghrelin or somatostatin and able to secrete active GLP-1 in the rats. In lean rats, a gastric load of glucose induces a rapid and parallel rise in GLP-1 levels in both the gastric and the portal veins. This rise in portal GLP-1 levels was abrogated in HFD obese rats but restored after vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) surgery. Finally, obese rats and individuals operated on Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and SG display a new gastric mucosa phenotype with hyperplasia of the mucus neck cells concomitant with increased density of GLP-1 positive cells. This report brings to light the contribution of gastric GLP-1 expressing cells that undergo plasticity changes after bariatric surgeries, to circulating GLP-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ribeiro-Parenti
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Paris, France
- Service de Chirurgie Générale Œsogastrique et Bariatrique, Hôpital Bichat - Claude-Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Charlotte Jarry
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Cavin
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Willemetz
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Johanne Le Beyec
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Biochimie Endocrinienne et Oncologique, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Sannier
- Department of Pathology Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Samira Benadda
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Paris, France
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Platform, Inserm, U1149, CNRS, ERL8252, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Pelletier
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Hourseau
- Department of Pathology Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Léger
- Université de Paris, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, CNRS, 75205, Paris, France
- Université Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Bastien Morlet
- Université de Paris, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, CNRS, 75205, Paris, France
| | - Anne Couvelard
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Younes Anini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Simon Msika
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Paris, France
- Service de Chirurgie Générale Œsogastrique et Bariatrique, Hôpital Bichat - Claude-Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Marmuse
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Paris, France
- Service de Chirurgie Générale Œsogastrique et Bariatrique, Hôpital Bichat - Claude-Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sévérine Ledoux
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Paris, France
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Hôpital Louis Mourier, AP-HP, Centre Intégré Nord Francilien de prise en charge de l'Obésité (CINFO), 92701, Colombes, France
| | - Maude Le Gall
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Paris, France.
| | - André Bado
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Paris, France.
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Vicentini FA, Griffin L, Keenan CM, Cavin JB, Nieves K, Hirota SA, Sharkey KA. Enteric Microbiota Contribute to Behavioral Alterations Observed in Mice with Colitis. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cavin JB, Cuddihey H, MacNaughton WK, Sharkey KA. Acute regulation of intestinal ion transport and permeability in response to luminal nutrients: the role of the enteric nervous system. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G254-G264. [PMID: 31709828 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00186.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The small intestine regulates barrier function to absorb nutrients while avoiding the entry of potentially harmful substances or bacteria. Barrier function is dynamically regulated in part by the enteric nervous system (ENS). The role of the ENS in regulating barrier function in response to luminal nutrients is not well understood. We hypothesize that the ENS regulates intestinal permeability and ion flux in the small intestine in response to luminal nutrients. Segments of jejunum and ileum from mice were mounted in Ussing chambers. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), short-circuit current (Isc), and permeability to 4-kDa FITC-dextran (FD4) were recorded after mucosal stimulation with either glucose, fructose, glutamine (10 mM), or 5% Intralipid. Mucosal lipopolysaccharide (1 mg/mL) was also studied. Enteric neurons were inhibited with tetrodotoxin (TTX; 0.5 μM) or activated with veratridine (10 μM). Enteric glia were inhibited with the connexin-43 blocker Gap26 (20 μM). Glucose, glutamine, Intralipid, and veratridine acutely modified Isc in the jejunum and ileum, but the effect of nutrients on Isc was insensitive to TTX. TTX, Gap26, and veratridine treatment did not affect baseline TER or permeability. Intralipid acutely decreased permeability to FD4, while LPS increased it. TTX pretreatment abolished the effect of Intralipid and exacerbated the LPS-induced increase in permeability. Luminal nutrients and enteric nerve activity both affect ion flux in the mouse small intestine acutely but independently of each other. Neither neuronal nor glial activity is required for the maintenance of baseline intestinal permeability; however, neuronal activity is essential for the acute regulation of intestinal permeability in response to luminal lipids and lipopolysaccharide.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Luminal nutrients and enteric nerve activity both affect ion transport in the mouse small intestine acutely, but independently of each other. Activation or inhibition of the enteric neurons does not affect intestinal permeability, but enteric neural activity is essential for the acute regulation of intestinal permeability in response to luminal lipids and lipopolysaccharide. The enteric nervous system regulates epithelial homeostasis in the small intestine in a time-dependent, region- and stimulus-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Cavin
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Inflammation Research Network, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hailey Cuddihey
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wallace K MacNaughton
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Inflammation Research Network, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Tessier R, Ribeiro-Parenti L, Bruneau O, Khodorova N, Cavin JB, Bado A, Azzout-Marniche D, Calvez J, Le Gall M, Gaudichon C. Effect of different bariatric surgeries on dietary protein bioavailability in rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G592-G601. [PMID: 31460792 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00142.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery may induce protein malabsorption, although data are scarce. This study aims at evaluating dietary protein bioavailability after different bariatric surgeries in rats. Diet-induced obese Wistar rats were operated for vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The control group was composed of pair-fed, sham-operated rats (Sham). Two weeks after surgery, rats were fed a 15N protein meal. Protein bioavailability was assessed by determination of 15N recovery in the gastrointestinal tract and organs 6 h after the meal. Fractional protein synthesis rate (FSR) was assessed using a flooding dose of 13C valine. Weight loss was the highest in RYGB rats and the lowest in Sham rats. Surprisingly, RYGB (95.6 ± 0.7%) improved protein digestibility (P = 0.045) compared with Sham (93.5 ± 0.5%) and VSG (93.8 ± 0.6%). In contrast, 15N retained in the liver (P = 0.001) and plasma protein (P = 0.037) was lower than in Sham, with a similar trend in muscle (P = 0.052). FSR was little altered by bariatric surgery, except for a decrease in the kidney of RYGB (P = 0.02). The 15N distribution along the small intestinal tissue suggests that dietary nitrogen was considerably retained in the remodeled mucosa of RYGB compared with Sham. This study revealed that in contrast to VSG, RYGB slightly improved protein digestibility but altered peripheral protein bioavailability. This effect may be ascribed to a higher uptake of dietary amino acids by the remodeled intestine.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using a sensitive 15N meal test, we found that gastric bypass slightly improved protein digestibility compared with sleeve gastrectomy or control but, in contrast, lowered protein retention in the liver and muscles. This paradox can be due to a higher uptake of dietary nitrogen by the intestinal mucosa that was hypertrophied. This study provides new insight on the digestive and metabolic fate of dietary protein in different models of bariatric surgery in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Tessier
- UMR Physiology of Nutrition and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.,INSERM UMRS 1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lara Ribeiro-Parenti
- INSERM UMRS 1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ouafa Bruneau
- UMR Physiology of Nutrition and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.,INSERM UMRS 1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nadezda Khodorova
- UMR Physiology of Nutrition and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Cavin
- INSERM UMRS 1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - André Bado
- INSERM UMRS 1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dalila Azzout-Marniche
- UMR Physiology of Nutrition and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Juliane Calvez
- UMR Physiology of Nutrition and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Maude Le Gall
- INSERM UMRS 1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Claire Gaudichon
- UMR Physiology of Nutrition and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
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Rebours V, Garteiser P, Ribeiro-Parenti L, Cavin JB, Doblas S, Pagé G, Bado A, Couvineau A, Ruszniewski P, Paradis V, Le Gall M, Van Beers BE, Couvelard A. Obesity-induced pancreatopathy in rats is reversible after bariatric surgery. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16295. [PMID: 30390093 PMCID: PMC6214994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for pancreatic diseases. Bariatric surgery is one of the most efficient treatments of morbid obesity. The aims were to assess pancreatic endocrine and exocrine lesions in obese rats, to analyze effects of bariatric surgery. Sixty-three male Wistar rats were included in five groups: 2 fed with high fat diet (HFD) or normal diet for 3 months, 2 fed with HFD or normal diet for 6 months; 1 group fed with HFD and undergoing bariatric surgery (n = 30). Quantitative MR imaging was performed in HFD6, ND6 and HFD3-BS. Pancreas specimens were analyzed after sacrifice for adipocyte infiltration, fibrosis, acinar-ductal metaplasia, abnormality of Langerhans islets (HHF: hypertrophy, hypervascularisation, fibrosis), and hemosiderin deposits in acinar or endocrine locations. We found that HFD6 rats had more fibro-inflammatory islets (P = 0.0139) and acinar-ducal metaplasia (P = 0.0843) than HFD3 rats. Rats with HFD3+6 had more fibro-inflammatory islets (P < 0.0001), hemosiderin deposits (p < 0.0001), fat infiltration (P = 0.0008) and acinar-ductal metaplasia lesions (P = 0.0424). Weight increase was associated with glycoregulation abnormalities (r = 0.44, P = 0.08) and adipocyte infiltrations (P = 0.009). After surgery, less fibro-inflammatory islets (P = 0.0004), fat and iron infiltrates (P = 0.005 and P = 0.06), and acino-ductal metaplasia (P = 0.05) were observed compared to HFD6 rats. MR image quantifications revealed increased elasticity, fat fraction, and R2 and a decreased elasticity wave dispersion coefficient in the high fat groups that reversed after surgery. MRI parameters were in strong correlation with respective histological counterparts. In conclusion, obese rats develop pancreatic inflammatory lesions with acinar-ductal metaplasia in acinar location and the endocrine-exocrine interface. These changes can be prevented by bariatric surgery. Quantitative MR imaging is accurate in identifying early pancreatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinciane Rebours
- Pancreatology Department, Beaujon Hospital, DHU Unity, AP-HP, Clichy, and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France.
- Inserm UMR1149, DHU Unity, and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France.
| | | | - Lara Ribeiro-Parenti
- Inserm UMR1149, DHU Unity, and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
- General and Digestive Surgery, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | | | - Sabrina Doblas
- Inserm UMR1149, DHU Unity, and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Gwenaël Pagé
- Inserm UMR1149, DHU Unity, and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - André Bado
- Inserm UMR1149, DHU Unity, and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Alain Couvineau
- Inserm UMR1149, DHU Unity, and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ruszniewski
- Pancreatology Department, Beaujon Hospital, DHU Unity, AP-HP, Clichy, and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
- Inserm UMR1149, DHU Unity, and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Inserm UMR1149, DHU Unity, and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
- Pathology Department, Beaujon Hospital, DHU Unity, AP-HP, and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Maude Le Gall
- Inserm UMR1149, DHU Unity, and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Bernard E Van Beers
- Inserm UMR1149, DHU Unity, and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
- Radiology Department, Beaujon Hospital, DHU Unity, AP-HP, Clichy, and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Anne Couvelard
- Inserm UMR1149, DHU Unity, and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
- Pathology Department, Bichat Hospital, DHU Unity, AP-HP, and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
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9
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Sticht MA, Lau DJ, Keenan CM, Cavin JB, Morena M, Vemuri VK, Makriyannis A, Cravatt BF, Sharkey KA, Hill MN. Endocannabinoid regulation of homeostatic feeding and stress-induced alterations in food intake in male rats. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:1524-1540. [PMID: 30051485 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stress is known to reduce food intake. Many aspects of the stress response and feeding are regulated by the endocannabinoid system, but the roles of anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) in stress-induced anorexia are unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of acute restraint stress on endocannabinoids were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Systemic and central pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) or monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) was used to assess the effects of elevated AEA and 2-AG on homeostatic feeding and on food consumption after stress. Animals were pretreated with the FAAH inhibitor, PF-04457845, or the MAGL inhibitor, MJN110, before 2 h acute restraint stress or 2 h homecage period without food. KEY RESULTS Restraint stress decreased hypothalamic and circulating AEA, with no effect in the gastrointestinal tract, while 2-AG content in the jejunum (but not duodenum) was reduced. PF-04457845 (30 μg), given i.c.v., attenuated stress-induced anorexia via CB1 receptors, but reduced homeostatic feeding in unstressed animals through an unknown mechanism. On the other hand, systemic administration of MJN110 (10 mg·kg-1 ) reduced feeding, regardless of stress or feeding status and inhibited basal intestinal transit in unstressed rats. The ability of MAGL inhibition to reduce feeding in combination with stress was independent of CB1 receptor signalling in the gut as the peripherally restricted CB1 receptor antagonist, AM6545 did not block this effect. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data reveal diverse roles for 2-AG and AEA in homeostatic feeding and changes in energy intake following stress. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on 8th European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.10/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Sticht
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Dept. of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - David J Lau
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Dept. of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine M Keenan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jean-Baptiste Cavin
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Maria Morena
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Dept. of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Dept. of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew N Hill
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Dept. of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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10
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Ribeiro-Parenti L, Cavin JB, Le Gall M. Intestinal adaptations following bariatric surgery: towards the identification of new pharmacological targets for obesity-related metabolic diseases. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 37:29-34. [PMID: 28822847 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the gastrointestinal tract is the primary target of bariatric surgery, its contributions to the metabolic changes observed after surgery are still underestimated. Changes in the number of incretin-producing cells could result in the modified hormonal response seen after surgery. Additionally, the rate of absorption and consumption of glucose could contribute to the ameliorated glycaemia. Moreover, decreased intestinal permeability could prevent endotoxemia. Recently, numerous studies have focused on intestinal adaptation following bariatric surgeries. These studies bring new insight into the different roles the GI tract plays in the metabolic outcomes of bariatric surgery and open new avenues for therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ribeiro-Parenti
- Inserm UMR 1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity APHP, F-75890 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Cavin
- Inserm UMR 1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity APHP, F-75890 Paris, France; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N4N1 Calgary, Canada
| | - Maude Le Gall
- Inserm UMR 1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity APHP, F-75890 Paris, France.
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11
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Cavin JB, Bado A, Le Gall M. Intestinal Adaptations after Bariatric Surgery: Consequences on Glucose Homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:354-364. [PMID: 28209316 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract can play a direct role in glucose homeostasis by modulating the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates and by producing the incretin hormones. In recent years, numerous studies have focused on intestinal adaptation following bariatric surgeries. Changes in the number of incretin (glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) producing cells have been reported, which could result in the modified hormonal response seen after surgery. In addition, the rate of absorption and the intestinal regions exposed to sugars may affect the time course of appearance of glucose in the blood. This review gives new insights into the direct role of the GI tract in the metabolic outcomes of bariatric surgery, in the context of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Cavin
- Inserm UMR 1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity AP-HP, F-75890 Paris, France
| | - André Bado
- Inserm UMR 1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity AP-HP, F-75890 Paris, France
| | - Maude Le Gall
- Inserm UMR 1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity AP-HP, F-75890 Paris, France.
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12
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Cavin JB, Voitellier E, Cluzeaud F, Kapel N, Marmuse JP, Chevallier JM, Msika S, Bado A, Le Gall M. Malabsorption and intestinal adaptation after one anastomosis gastric bypass compared with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G492-500. [PMID: 27418681 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00197.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The technically easier one-anastomosis (mini) gastric bypass (MGB) is associated with similar metabolic improvements and weight loss as the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). However, MGB is controversial and suspected to result in greater malabsorption than RYGB. In this study, we compared macronutrient absorption and intestinal adaptation after MGB or RYGB in rats. Body weight and food intake were monitored and glucose tolerance tests were performed in rats subjected to MGB, RYGB, or sham surgery. Carbohydrate, protein, and lipid absorption was determined by fecal analyses. Intestinal remodeling was evaluated by histology and immunohistochemistry. Peptide and amino acid transporter mRNA levels were measured in the remodeled intestinal mucosa and those of anorexigenic and orexigenic peptides in the hypothalamus. The MGB and RYGB surgeries both resulted in a reduction of body weight and an improvement of glucose tolerance relative to sham rats. Hypothalamic orexigenic neuropeptide gene expression was higher in MGB rats than in RYGB or sham rats. Fecal losses of calories and proteins were greater after MGB than RYGB or sham surgery. Intestinal hyperplasia occurred after MGB and RYGB with increased jejunum diameter, higher villi, and deeper crypts than in sham rats. Peptidase and peptide or amino acid transporter genes were overexpressed in jejunal mucosa from MGB rats but not RYGB rats. In rats, MGB led to greater protein malabsorption and energy loss than RYGB. This malabsorption was not compensated by intestinal overgrowth and increased expression of peptide transporters in the jejunum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Cavin
- Inserm UMR 1149, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Eglantine Voitellier
- Inserm UMR 1149, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Cluzeaud
- Inserm UMR 1149, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Kapel
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Département de Coprologie Fonctionnelle, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Marmuse
- Inserm UMR 1149, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity AP-HP, Paris, France; Service de Chirurgie Générale et Digestive, AP-HP Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chevallier
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, AP-HP Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, et Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; and
| | - Simon Msika
- Inserm UMR 1149, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity AP-HP, Paris, France; Service de Chirurgie Digestive, AP-HP Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
| | - André Bado
- Inserm UMR 1149, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Maude Le Gall
- Inserm UMR 1149, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity AP-HP, Paris, France;
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Le Gall
- INSERM U1149, DHU Unity, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - André Bado
- INSERM U1149, DHU Unity, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
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14
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Gillard L, Billiauws L, Stan-Iuga B, Ribeiro-Parenti L, Jarry AC, Cavin JB, Cluzeaud F, Mayeur C, Thomas M, Freund JN, Lacorte JM, Le Gall M, Bado A, Joly F, Le Beyec J. Enhanced Ghrelin Levels and Hypothalamic Orexigenic AgRP and NPY Neuropeptide Expression in Models of Jejuno-Colonic Short Bowel Syndrome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28345. [PMID: 27323884 PMCID: PMC4914859 DOI: 10.1038/srep28345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) patients developing hyperphagia have a better outcome. Gastrointestinal endocrine adaptations help to improve intestinal functions and food behaviour. We investigated neuroendocrine adaptations in SBS patients and rat models with jejuno-ileal (IR-JI) or jejuno-colonic (IR-JC) anastomosis with and without parenteral nutrition. Circulating levels of ghrelin, PYY, GLP-1, and GLP-2 were determined in SBS rat models and patients. Levels of mRNA for proglucagon, PYY and for hypothalamic neuropeptides were quantified by qRT-PCR in SBS rat models. Histology and immunostaining for Ki67, GLP-1 and PYY were performed in SBS rats. IR-JC rats, but not IR-JI, exhibited significantly higher crypt depths and number of Ki67-positive cells than sham. Fasting and/or postprandial plasma ghrelin and PYY concentrations were higher, or tend to be higher, in IR-JC rats and SBS-JC patients than in controls. Proglucagon and Pyy mRNA levels were significantly enhanced in IR-JC rats. Levels of mRNA coding hypothalamic orexigenic NPY and AgRP peptides were significantly higher in IR-JC than in sham rats. We demonstrate an increase of plasma ghrelin concentrations, major changes in hypothalamic neuropeptides levels and greater induction of PYY in SBS-JC rats and patients suggesting that jejuno-colonic continuity creates a peculiar environment promoting further gut-brain adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gillard
- Inserm UMR1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity, AP-HP, F-75890 Paris, France
| | - Lore Billiauws
- Inserm UMR1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity, AP-HP, F-75890 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Beaujon, Service de Gastroentérologie et d’Assistance nutritive, Clichy, France
| | - Bogdan Stan-Iuga
- Inserm UMR1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity, AP-HP, F-75890 Paris, France
| | - Lara Ribeiro-Parenti
- Inserm UMR1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity, AP-HP, F-75890 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Service de Chirurgie Générale et Digestive, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Charlotte Jarry
- Inserm UMR1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity, AP-HP, F-75890 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Cavin
- Inserm UMR1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity, AP-HP, F-75890 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Cluzeaud
- Inserm UMR1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity, AP-HP, F-75890 Paris, France
| | - Camille Mayeur
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Muriel Thomas
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Noël Freund
- INSERM UMR_S1113, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lacorte
- INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Research Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Metabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Biochimie Endocrinienne et Oncologique, F-75651, Paris, Cedex
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Université, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Maude Le Gall
- Inserm UMR1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity, AP-HP, F-75890 Paris, France
| | - André Bado
- Inserm UMR1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity, AP-HP, F-75890 Paris, France
| | - Francisca Joly
- Inserm UMR1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity, AP-HP, F-75890 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Beaujon, Service de Gastroentérologie et d’Assistance nutritive, Clichy, France
| | - Johanne Le Beyec
- Inserm UMR1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity, AP-HP, F-75890 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Biochimie Endocrinienne et Oncologique, F-75651, Paris, Cedex
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Université, F-75005, Paris, France
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15
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Cavin JB, Couvelard A, Lebtahi R, Ducroc R, Arapis K, Voitellier E, Cluzeaud F, Gillard L, Hourseau M, Mikail N, Ribeiro-Parenti L, Kapel N, Marmuse JP, Bado A, Le Gall M. Differences in Alimentary Glucose Absorption and Intestinal Disposal of Blood Glucose After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass vs Sleeve Gastrectomy. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:454-64.e9. [PMID: 26481855 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Bariatric procedures, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), are the most effective approaches to resolve type 2 diabetes in obese individuals. Alimentary glucose absorption and intestinal disposal of blood glucose have not been directly compared between individuals or animals that underwent RYGB vs VSG. We evaluated in rats and humans how the gut epithelium adapts after surgery and the consequences on alimentary glucose absorption and intestinal disposal of blood glucose. METHODS Obese male rats underwent RYGB, VSG, or sham (control) operations. We collected intestine segments from all rats; we performed histologic analyses and measured levels of messenger RNAs encoding the sugar transporters SGLT1, GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, GLUT4, and GLUT5. Glucose transport and consumption were assayed using ex vivo jejunal loops. Histologic analyses were also performed on Roux limb sections from patients who underwent RYGB 1-5 years after surgery. Roux limb glucose consumption was assayed after surgery by positron emission and computed tomography imaging. RESULTS In rats and humans that underwent RYGB, the Roux limb became hyperplasic, with an increased number of incretin-producing cells compared with the corresponding jejunal segment of controls. Furthermore, expression of sugar transporters and hypoxia-related genes increased and the nonintestinal glucose transporter GLUT1 appeared at the basolateral membrane of enterocytes. Ingested and circulating glucose was trapped within the intestinal epithelial cells of rats and humans that underwent RYGB. By contrast, there was no hyperplasia of the intestine after VSG, but the intestinal absorption of alimentary glucose was reduced and density of endocrine cells secreting glucagon-like peptide-1 increased. CONCLUSIONS The intestine adapts differently to RYGB vs VSG. RYGB increases intestinal glucose disposal and VSG delays glucose absorption; both contribute to observed improvements in glycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Couvelard
- INSERM U1149, DHU Unity, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Rachida Lebtahi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Robert Ducroc
- INSERM U1149, DHU Unity, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Konstantinos Arapis
- INSERM U1149, DHU Unity, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Laura Gillard
- INSERM U1149, DHU Unity, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | | | - Nidaa Mikail
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Nathalie Kapel
- Functional Coprology Service, Pitié Salpétrière Hospital Group, Paris, France
| | | | - André Bado
- INSERM U1149, DHU Unity, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Maude Le Gall
- INSERM U1149, DHU Unity, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.
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16
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Tavernier A, Cavin JB, Le Gall M, Ducroc R, Denis RGP, Cluzeaud F, Guilmeau S, Sakar Y, Barbot L, Kapel N, Le Beyec J, Joly F, Chua S, Luquet S, Bado A. Intestinal deletion of leptin signaling alters activity of nutrient transporters and delayed the onset of obesity in mice. FASEB J 2014; 28:4100-10. [PMID: 24928195 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-255158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The importance of B-isoform of leptin receptor (LEPR-B) signaling in the hypothalamus, pancreas, or liver has been well characterized, but in the intestine, a unique site of entry for dietary nutrition into the body, it has been relatively ignored. To address this question, we characterized a mouse model deficient for LEPR-B specifically in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). (IEC)LEPR-B-knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were generated by Cre-Lox strategy and fed a normal or high-fat diet (HFD). The analyses of the animals involved histology and immunohistochemistry of intestinal mucosa, indirect calorimetric measurements, whole-body composition, and expression and activities of nutrient transporters. (IEC)LEPR-B-KO mice exhibited a 2-fold increase in length of jejunal villi and have normal growth on a normal diet but were less susceptible (P<0.01) to HFD-induced obesity. No differences occurred in energy intake and expenditure between (IEC)LEPR-B-WT and -KO mice, but (IEC)LEPR-B-KO mice fed an HFD showed increased excreted fats (P<0.05). Activities of the Na(+)/glucose cotransporter SGLT-1 and GLUT2 were unaffected in LEPR-B-KO jejunum, while GLUT5-mediated fructose transport and PepT1-mediated peptide transport were substantially reduced (P<0.01). These data demonstrate that intestinal LEPR-B signaling is important for the onset of diet-induced obesity. They suggest that intestinal LEPR-B could be a potential per os target for prevention against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Tavernier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1149, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) de Médecine Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Cavin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1149, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) de Médecine Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Maude Le Gall
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1149, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) de Médecine Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Robert Ducroc
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1149, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) de Médecine Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël G P Denis
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Cluzeaud
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1149, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) de Médecine Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Guilmeau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1149, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) de Médecine Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Yassine Sakar
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1149, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) de Médecine Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Barbot
- Service de Coprologie Fonctionnelle, Hopital La Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Kapel
- Service de Coprologie Fonctionnelle, Hopital La Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Johanne Le Beyec
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1149, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) de Médecine Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Francisca Joly
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1149, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) de Médecine Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France; Service de Gastroenterologie et d'Assistance Nutritive, Hopital Beaujon, Clichy, France; and
| | - Streamson Chua
- Department of Medicine and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Serge Luquet
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, Paris, France
| | - Andre Bado
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1149, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) de Médecine Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France;
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