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Houle D, Moore JD, Renaudin M. Eastern Canadian boreal forest soil and foliar chemistry show evidence of resilience to long-term nitrogen addition. Ecol Appl 2024; 34:e2958. [PMID: 38425036 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The boreal forest is one of the world's largest terrestrial biome and plays crucial roles in global biogeochemical cycles, such as carbon (C) sequestration in vegetation and soil. However, the impacts of decades of N deposition on N-limited ecosystems, like the eastern Canadian boreal forest, remain unclear. For 13 years, N deposition was simulated by periodically adding ammonium nitrate on soils of two boreal coniferous forests (i.e., balsam fir and black spruce) of eastern Canada, at low (LN) and high (HN) rates, corresponding to 3 and 10 times the ambient N deposition, respectively. We show that more than a decade of N addition had no strong effects on mineral soil C, N, P, and cation concentrations and on foliar total Ca, K, Mg, and Mn concentrations. In organic soil, C stock was not affected by N addition while N stock increased, and exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ decreased at the balsam fir site under HN treatment. At both sites, LN treatment had nearly no impact on foliage and soil chemistry but foliar N and N:P significantly increased under HN treatment, potentially leading to foliar nutrient imbalance. Overall, our work indicates that, in the eastern Canadian boreal forest, soil and foliar nutrient concentrations and stocks are resilient to increasing N deposition potentially because, in the context of N limitation, extra N would be rapidly immobilized by soil micro-organisms and vegetation. These findings could improve modeling future boreal forest soil C stocks and biomass growth and could help in planning forest management strategies in eastern Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Houle
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-David Moore
- Direction de la recherche forestière, Ministère des Ressources naturelles et des Forêts, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie Renaudin
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Moore JD, Ouellet M, Lambert MC. Potential change in the distribution of an abundant and wide-ranging forest salamander in a context of climate change. Frontiers of Biogeography 2018. [DOI: 10.21425/f59433282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Cosentino BJ, Moore JD, Karraker NE, Ouellet M, Gibbs JP. Evolutionary response to global change: Climate and land use interact to shape color polymorphism in a woodland salamander. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5426-5434. [PMID: 28770079 PMCID: PMC5528218 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary change has been demonstrated to occur rapidly in human‐modified systems, yet understanding how multiple components of global change interact to affect adaptive evolution remains a critical knowledge gap. Climate change is predicted to impose directional selection on traits to reduce thermal stress, but the strength of directional selection may be mediated by changes in the thermal environment driven by land use. We examined how regional climatic conditions and land use interact to affect genetically based color polymorphism in the eastern red‐backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus). P. cinereus is a woodland salamander with two primary discrete color morphs (striped, unstriped) that have been associated with macroclimatic conditions. Striped individuals are most common in colder regions, but morph frequencies can be variable within climate zones. We used path analysis to analyze morph frequencies among 238,591 individual salamanders across 1,170 sites in North America. Frequency of striped individuals was positively related to forest cover in populations occurring in warmer regions (>7°C annually), a relationship that was weak to nonexistent in populations located in colder regions (≤7°C annually). Our results suggest that directional selection imposed by climate warming at a regional scale may be amplified by forest loss and suppressed by forest persistence, with a mediating effect of land use that varies geographically. Our work highlights how the complex interaction of selection pressures imposed by different components of global change may lead to divergent evolutionary trajectories among populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-David Moore
- Direction de la recherche forestière Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs Québec City QC Canada
| | - Nancy E Karraker
- Department of Natural Resources Science University of Rhode Island Kingston RI USA
| | | | - James P Gibbs
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry State University of New York Syracuse NY USA
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Ouimet R, Duchesne L, Moore JD. Relation entre la composition foliaire et la présence de la maladie corticale du hêtre dans les stations du Réseau d’étude et de surveillance des écosystèmes forestiers du Québec. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7202/1031956ar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
La maladie corticale du hêtre (MCH) est de plus en plus fréquente dans les forêts de l’est de l’Amérique du Nord. Des chercheurs ont avancé l’hypothèse que l’expansion de cette maladie pourrait être en partie liée au statut nutritif des arbres. Pour tester cette hypothèse, nous avons vérifié la relation entre l’apparition de cette maladie et la composition du feuillage du hêtre (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) dans les stations du Réseau d’étude et de surveillance des écosystèmes forestiers du Québec. Sur les 14 stations contenant du hêtre, cinq présentaient des symptômes de la maladie entre 2006 et 2012. Les arbres infectés étaient en moyenne de plus grand diamètre que ceux qui ne l’étaient pas. La présence de la MCH était liée en partie à la composition foliaire des arbres (pseudo-R2 : 0,551). L’analyse indique que plus le rapport N/P du feuillage du hêtre est élevé, plus la probabilité d’infection par la MCH est importante; et plus les rapports Zn/Mn et Mg/K du feuillage sont élevés, plus la probabilité d’infection par la MCH est faible. Ces rapports donnent à penser que les conditions d’acidification du sol et de drainage influencent la vigueur des arbres et, conséquemment, leur vulnérabilité à la MCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rock Ouimet
- Direction de la recherche forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec, 2700, rue Einstein, Québec (Québec), Canada G1P 3W8
| | - Louis Duchesne
- Direction de la recherche forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec, 2700, rue Einstein, Québec (Québec), Canada G1P 3W8
| | - Jean-David Moore
- Direction de la recherche forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec, 2700, rue Einstein, Québec (Québec), Canada G1P 3W8
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Moore JD, Ouellet M. Questioning the use of an amphibian colour morph as an indicator of climate change. Glob Chang Biol 2015; 21:566-571. [PMID: 25230362 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of recent climate changes on earth ecosystems are likely among the most important ecological concerns in human history. Good bioindicators are essential to properly assess the magnitude of these changes. In the last decades, studies have suggested that the morph proportion of the eastern red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus), one of the most widely distributed and abundant vertebrate species in forests of eastern North America, could be used as a proxy for monitoring climate changes. Based on new discoveries in the northern areas of the species' range and on one of the largest compilation ever made for a vertebrate in North America (236 109 observations compiled from 1880 to 2013 in 1148 localities), we demonstrate however that climatic and geographic variables do not influence the colour morph proportions in P. cinereus populations. Consequently, we show that the use of colour morph proportions of this species do not perform as an indicator of climate change. Our findings indicate that bioindicator paradigms can be significantly challenged by new ecological research and more representative databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David Moore
- Direction de la recherche forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, 2700 rue Einstein, Québec City, QC, G1P 3W8, Canada
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Duchesne L, Moore JD, Ouimet R. Partitioning the Effect of Release and Liming on Growth of Sugar Maple and American Beech Saplings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5849/njaf.12-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sharma VK, Moore JD, Chattopadhyay MK, Morrison K, Cohen LF, Roy SB. A scanning Hall probe imaging study of the field induced martensite-austenite phase transition in Ni50Mn34In16 alloy. J Phys Condens Matter 2010; 22:016008. [PMID: 21386243 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/1/016008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The martensite to austenite phase transition in the off-stoichiometric Heusler alloy Ni(50)Mn(34)In(16) can be induced both by temperature change and by application of a magnetic field. We have used scanning Hall probe imaging to study the magnetic field induced martensite-austenite phase transition. The study provides clear visual evidence of the coexistence of the martensite and austenite phases across this field induced transition in both increasing and decreasing magnetic fields. Clear evidence of thermomagnetic history effects associated with the martensite-austenite phase transition is also obtained. Quantitative analysis of the magnetic field dependence of the volume fraction of the austenite phase in Ni(50)Mn(34)In(16) shows evidence of a nucleation and growth mechanism across the field induced martensite-austenite phase transition. The local M-H loops constructed from the Hall images indicate the presence of a landscape of the critical magnetic field (for the field induced transition) distributed over the sample volume and thus confirm the disorder influenced nature of this first-order magnetic phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Sharma
- Magnetic and Superconducting Materials Section, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, India
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Moore JD, Houle D. Soil solution and sugar maple response to NH(4)NO (3) additions in a base-poor northern hardwood forest of Québec, Canada. Environ Monit Assess 2009; 155:177-190. [PMID: 18696241 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen additions (NH4NO3) at rates of three- and ten-fold ambient atmospheric deposition (8.5 kg ha(-1) year(-1)) were realised in an acid- and base-poor northern hardwood forest of Québec, Canada. Soil solution chemistry, foliar chemistry, crown dieback and basal area growth of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) were measured. Except for a transitory increase of NO3 and NH4 concentrations, there was no persistent increase in their level in soil solution 3 years after N treatments, with the exception of one plot out of three, that received the highest N addition, beginning to show persistent and high NO3 concentrations after 2 years of N additions. Three years of N additions have significantly increased the N DRIS index of sugar maple but not N foliar concentration. Potassium, Ca and Mn foliar concentrations, as well as P and Ca DRIS indices, decreased in treated plots after 3 years. No treatment effect was observed for basal area growth and dieback rate. One unexpected result was the significant decrease in foliar Ca even in the treated plots that received low N rates, despite the absence of significant NO3-induced leaching of Ca. The mechanism responsible for the decrease in foliar Ca is not known. Our results, however, clearly demonstrate that increased N deposition at sites with low base saturation may affect Ca nutrition even when clear signs of N saturation are not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David Moore
- Direction de la recherche forestière, Forêt Québec, min. des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune, 2700 rue Einstein, Sainte-Foy, QC G1P3W8, Canada
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Moore JD. Comparison of a Population of Eastern Red-backed Salamanders, Plethodon cinereus, under Native Dominant Wood Coverboards and Natural Cover Objects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.22621/cfn.v123i3.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Artificial cover objects or coverboards have been widely used to study Eastern Red-backed Salamanders (Plethodon cinereus), a species that is very abundant in eastern North America and known to be one of the most common vertebrates within its geographical range. However, recent studies have suggested that potential bias may be associated with the use of coverboards compared with natural cover objects. In this study, age structure and body size (weight and snout-vent length, SVL) of P. cinereus found under coverboards and natural cover objects at Lake Clair (Quebec, Canada) were compared. Coverboards were made of Sugar Maple (Acer sacchrum), a native forest species dominant in the study area. In 2004 and 2005, a total of 162 P. cinereus were found under coverboards, and 156 P. cinereus were found under natural cover objects. No significant difference in the age structure, mean weight, or SVL of P. cinereus was observed between the two sets. This study suggests that the type of coverboard used at Lake Clair is a good method to obtain an accurate index of P. cinereus population demographics, and is similar to that expected under natural cover objects. This technique should help to establish a standard protocol that could better allow direct comparisons among studies in the future. However, more studies are needed to explain the high proportion of adult specimens found under both cover types at Lake Clair relative to studies in other regions in North America.
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Branford WR, Yates KA, Barkhoudarov E, Moore JD, Morrison K, Magnus F, Miyoshi Y, Sousa PM, Conde O, Silvestre AJ, Cohen LF. Coexistence of universal and topological anomalous hall effects in metal CrO2 thin films in the dirty limit. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:227201. [PMID: 19658897 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.227201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The scaling exponent of 1.6 between anomalous Hall and longitudinal conductivity, characteristic of the universal Hall mechanism in dirty-metal ferromagnets, emerges from a series of CrO2 films as we systematically increase structural disorder. Magnetic disorder in CrO2 increases with temperature and this drives a separate topological Hall mechanism. We find that these terms are controlled discretely by structural and magnetic defect populations, and their coexistence leads to apparent divergence from exponent 1.6, suggesting that the universal term is more prevalent than previously realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Branford
- Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
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Miyoshi Y, Morrison K, Moore JD, Caplin AD, Cohen LF. Heat capacity and latent heat measurements of CoMnSi using a microcalorimeter. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:074901. [PMID: 18681727 DOI: 10.1063/1.2960556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A new method of utilizing a commercial silicon nitride membrane calorimeter to measure the latent heat at a first order phase transition is presented. The method is a direct measurement of the thermoelectric voltage jump induced by the latent heat, in a thermally isolated system ideally suited for single crystal and small microgram samples. We show that when combined with the ac calorimetry technique previously developed, the resultant thermal measurement capabilities are extremely powerful. We demonstrate the applicability of the combined method with measurements on a 100 microm size fragment of CoMnSi exhibiting a sizable magnetocaloric effect near room temperature, and obtain good agreement with previously reported values on bulk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Miyoshi
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Moore JD, Allaby RG. TreeMos: a high-throughput phylogenomic approach to find and visualize phylogenetic mosaicism. Bioinformatics 2008; 24:717-8. [PMID: 18204056 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btn027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY TreeMos is a novel high-throughput graphical analysis application that allows the user to search for phylogenetic mosaicism among one or more DNA or protein sequence multiple alignments and additional unaligned sequences. TreeMos uses a sliding window and local alignment algorithm to identify the nearest neighbour of each sequence segment, and visualizes instances of sequence segments whose nearest neighbour is anomalous to that identified using the global alignment. Data sets can include whole genome sequences allowing phylogenomic analyses in which mosaicism may be attributed to recombination between any two points in the genome. TreeMos can be run from the command line, or within a web browser allowing the relationships between taxa to be explored by drill-through. AVAILABILITY http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/whri/research/archaeobotany.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Moore
- Warwick HRI, University of Warwick, Warwick, CV35 9EF, UK.
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Korepanova A, Moore JD, Nguyen HB, Hua Y, Cross TA, Gao F. Expression of membrane proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Escherichia coli as fusions with maltose binding protein. Protein Expr Purif 2006; 53:24-30. [PMID: 17275326 PMCID: PMC2684689 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2006.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2006] [Revised: 11/22/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen of 22 low molecular weight integral membrane proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis with previously poor or undetectable levels of expression were expressed in Escherichia coli as fusions with both the maltose binding protein (MBP) and a His(8)-tag. Sixty-eight percent of targeted proteins were expressed in high yield (>30 mg/L) in soluble and/or inclusion body form. Thrombin cleavage of the MBP fusion protein was successful for 10 of 13 proteins expressed as soluble proteins and for three proteins expressed only as inclusion bodies. The use of autoinduction growth media increased yields over Luria-Bertani (LB) growth media in 75% of the expressed proteins. Expressing integral membrane proteins with yields suitable for structural studies from a set of previously low and non-expressing proteins proved highly successful upon attachment of the maltose binding protein as a fusion tag.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Korepanova
- Abbott Laboratories, Dept. R46Y, Bldg. AP10-LL8, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6098, USA
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Houle D, Duchesne L, Moore JD, Laflèche MR, Ouimet R. Soil and tree-ring chemistry response to liming in a sugar maple stand. J Environ Qual 2002; 31:1993-2000. [PMID: 12469849 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2002.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An evaluation of the impact of dolomitic lime [CaMg(CO3)2] on soils (five years after treatment) and sapwood chemistry (after four growing seasons) was realized for a Ca-deficient sugar maple stand at the lake Clair watershed. The effect on humus chemistry was significant: exchangeable Mg and Ca, effective acidity (EA), base saturation (BSe), pH, and effective cation exchange capacity (CECe) significantly increased, while exchangeable Fe significantly decreased. In the B horizon, liming increased exchangeable Ca, Mg, and Mn concentrations while decreasing other acid cations. No significant temporal trends in element concentrations in tree rings could be detected, although the lime treatment significantly changed the average xylem Mg and Mn concentrations as well as the average Mg/Mn and Ca/Mn ratios of the sapwood. The absence of temporal trends in rings from the last 20 yr implied a significant re-equilibration of elements through the sapwood. Significant relationships were found between averaged xylem Ca/Mn and Mg/Mn ratios and exchangeable humus Ca, Mg, Mn, Al, Fe, and H+ concentration, EA, CECe, and BSe, suggesting that the average xylem Ca/Mn and Mg/Mn ratios are strong indicators of the soil acid-base status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Houle
- Direction de la Recherche Forestière, Forêt Quebec, min. des Ressources Naturelles du Quebec, 2700 rue Einstein, Sainte-Foy, QC, Canada G1P 3W8.
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Abstract
The advances made in the 1980s and 1990s have yielded many advances in the diagnosis and treatment of depression and dysthymia. Skill of the clinician is important in sorting out the diagnosis, taking care to consider the various medical conditions that can cause depression or disguise themselves as depression. Depressive disorders are highly treatable conditions. Clinicians must overcome the stigma associated with these disorders to alleviate the pain and suffering of those afflicted. The advances in treatment have been enormous and continue to grow. The keys to these treatments lie in continuing to acquire the knowledge to unlock all of the causes of depression. An appendix follows listing medications commonly used in the treatment of depression or for other conditions in patients under treatment for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Moore
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Abstract
RCC1, the chromatin-bound guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the small nuclear GTPase, Ran, is required for coordinating the onset of mitosis with S-phase completion in mammalian cells. Other defects in the Ran-GTPase network also result in disruption of cell-cycle processes such as DNA replication, exit from mitosis and, at least in budding yeast, accurate chromosome segregation. However, the Ran system is now best known for its pivotal role in nucleocytoplasmic transport, where RanGTP is used as a positional flag for the nucleus during interphase. Ran's effectors are the shuttling transport factors, importins and exportins, which facilitate the transit of cargoes between the nucleus and cytoplasm: RanGTP regulates their cargo-binding properties so that they can move their cargo in the correct direction. RanGTP also plays a separate role during mitosis, influencing microtubule polymerisation, possibly specifically in the vicinity of chromosomes. Most recently, Ran has been shown to be crucial for the regeneration of a nuclear envelope after exit from mitosis. So, can the problems with cell-cycle progression and control induced by perturbing the Ran-system be attributed to defects in these three processes? This article examines this issue, concentrating on vertebrate systems. BioEssays 23:77-85, 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Moore
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Herts, EN6 3LD, United Kingdom.
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Moore JD, Valette G, Darque A, Zhou XJ, Sommadossi JP. Simultaneous quantitation of the 5'-triphosphate metabolites of zidovudine, lamivudine, and stavudine in peripheral mononuclear blood cells of HIV infected patients by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2000; 11:1134-1143. [PMID: 11118121 DOI: 10.1016/s1044-0305(00)00178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method utilizing triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS) detection was developed and validated for the simultaneous measurement of the intracellular nucleoside 5'-triphosphate anabolites of zidovudine (ZDV-TP), lamivudine (3TC-TP), and stavudine (d4T-TP). These compounds were extracted from patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) which are the sites of HIV replication and drug action. Ion-exchange solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by enzymatic digestion with alkaline phosphatase was utilized to yield the measurable nucleoside forms of the nucleotides. Reversed phase C-18 SPE with addition of a nucleoside internal standard, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine (AzdU) allowed for the indirect measurement of the original 5'-triphosphate concentration by HPLC/MS/MS. Quantitation was performed from calibration curves generated from authentic 5'-triphosphate standards spiked in PBMCs from healthy volunteers. Analytical range for the three 5'-triphosphates was equivalent to 50-45,000 pg. Mean interassay accuracies for 3TC-TP, d4T-TP, and ZDV-TP (n > 90) were 99.4%, 100.1%, and 108.0%, respectively. Mean interassay precisions (%C.V.) for 3TC-TP, d4T-TP, and ZDV-TP (n > 90) were 8.8%, 10.4%, and 8.2%, respectively. Recovery of the extraction method was 79.2%, 83.1%, and 98.3% for 3TC-TP, d4T-TP, and ZDV-TP, respectively. This method can be utilized to measure the intracellular 5'-triphosphate levels in HIV infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy containing the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 3TC, d4T, or ZDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Moore
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA
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Abstract
Residential summer camps for youths with diabetes may have a positive effect on glycemic control. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is considered the best measure of control, but it reflects too long a period to evaluate a camp session. The fructosamine test reflects control over a period of 2-3 wk and may be ideal for this purpose. A portable device was used to examine the relationship between 2 wk of glycemic control and the change in fructosamine in order to determine whether control improved at camp. Thirty children, 8-12 yr old, were studied during a 2-wk session of a diabetes summer camp. Pre-camp HbA1c levels were obtained from the childrens' physicians. Each camper measured his/her blood glucose four times daily. Insulin doses were readjusted frequently by camp physicians. Each child's fructosamine was measured at the beginning and end of camp. The baseline fructosamine correlated with HbA1c. The final fructosamine correlated with the 2-wk mean glucose. The subgroup who started camp in below average glycemic control improved their fructosamine levels by the end of camp. Those who started camp in better control did not change. Without continuous glucose monitoring, it is impossible to accurately determine how well fructosamine reflects glucose levels. In this study, fructosamine correlated with the mean glucoses and with an HbA1c obtained prior to camp. Fructosamine appears to be a valid measure of glycemic control and being at camp was at least transiently beneficial to the children who needed it most.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Post
- Department of Pediatrics, Cooper Hospital/University Medical Center, Camden, NJ, USA.
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Moore JD. Designed to heal. Architecture of Swedish clinic is about more than medicine. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:32-4. [PMID: 11188183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Moore JD, Dezube BJ, Gill P, Zhou XJ, Acosta EP, Sommadossi JP. Phase I dose escalation pharmacokinetics of O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl) fumagillol (TNP-470) and its metabolites in AIDS patients with Kaposi's sarcoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2000; 46:173-9. [PMID: 11021733 DOI: 10.1007/s002800000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of TNP-470 and its major metabolites were investigated in AIDS patients enrolled in a phase I dose escalation trial for the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma. The patients received TNP-470 by 1-h intravenous infusion in dose cohorts of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 70 mg/m2. The parent drug and metabolites, MII and MIV, were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) in plasma samples collected during and out to 168 h after the beginning of the infusion. Both metabolites were detected in all patients' plasma, while the parent drug was undetectable at time-points as early as 5 min after the end of infusion for some patients. A large interpatient variability of pharmacokinetic parameters among the dosing cohorts was observed for TNP-470, with a mean (+/- SD) plasma elimination half-life (t1/2) of 0.06 +/- 0.04 h, plasma clearance (CL) of 1487 +/- 1216 l/h and an area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) of 49.9 +/- 35.8 ng/ml x h. Time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) typically occurred before the end of the infusion. The predominant plasma metabolite was MII with a t1/2 of 1.21 +/- 0.43 h, AUC of 1226 +/- 2303 l/h and a Tmax occurring between 5 and 15 min after infusion. The reported active metabolite MIV had a t1/2 of 0.24 +/- 0.13 h, AUC of 24.9 +/- 32.6 ng/ml x h and a Tmax occurring between the midpoint of the infusion and 15 min after infusion. The parent drug was undetectable by HPLC/MS/MS in urine samples collected and pooled between 0-6 and 6-24 h from the beginning of drug administration. Metabolite MIV was present in the 0-6-h urine pool of two patients enrolled in the highest dosing cohorts, equivalent to 0.4% of the administered dose. Metabolite MII was present in all 0-6-h samples analyzed and represented 1.12 +/- 0.9% of the administered dose. Renal clearance (CLR) for MII was 140 +/- 70 ml/h.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Moore
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA
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Moore JD. SCHIP in the formative years: an update. Issue Brief Natl Health Policy Forum 2000:1-9. [PMID: 11503648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Stith BJ, Hall J, Ayres P, Waggoner L, Moore JD, Shaw WA. Quantification of major classes of Xenopus phospholipids by high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection. J Lipid Res 2000; 41:1448-54. [PMID: 10974052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid signaling has become a major research area of cell biology and there is a need for methods that accurately and easily measure substrates and products of lipases involved in cell signaling. In this report, we provide new methodology for separation of more than 10 lipids in one chromatographic run by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and detection with an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). There is no significant loss of sphingomyelin and no large baseline change, no peak obscures another, and acidic phospholipids are cleanly separated. We have optimized the procedure for a two-pump HPLC, an inexpensive silica column without the use of a column heater jacket and for low grade nitrogen. An application of the procedure separates lipids from Xenopus laevis cells. These cells are commonly used in the study of various lipid signaling paths in cell division, fertilization, and after expression of exogenous membrane receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Stith
- Biology Department, University of Colorado-Denver, Denver, CO 80217, USA
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Moore JD. Healthcare compensation rises. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:29-30, 32, 34-6. [PMID: 11184162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Bellandi D, Moore JD. SEIU presses on. Union continues attacking Catholic Healthcare West at CHA's annual meeting. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:8. [PMID: 11183513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Moore JD. JCAHO may shorten accreditation cycle. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:2-3, 12. [PMID: 11183499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Moore JD. Redefining the word 'kickback'. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:2-3, 12. [PMID: 11183498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Moore JD. An issue of 'quality'. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:14-5. [PMID: 11067152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Moore JD. HCFA rejects patient-restraints standard. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:14. [PMID: 11067151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Moore JD. System divorces on rise. Unscrambling deals is messy and contentious. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:24-6. [PMID: 11067156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The mass merger movement of the 1990s has hit the wall. More and more systems are taking a hard look at what their expensive deals have wrought, and are finding they don't like what they see. Disbanding systems are facing messy problems, and there are many questions as to whether de-merged hospitals can make it on their own.
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Moore JD. Top cardiovascular hospitals. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:30, 32. [PMID: 11067160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Moore JD. No kids abducted from hospitals in '99. . Mod Healthc 2000; 30:86. [PMID: 11067144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
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Moore JD. It's the little things that mean a lot. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:84. [PMID: 11067143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Moore JD. Elections break impasse--for now. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:52, 54, 56. [PMID: 11066424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Moore JD. South Florida gets into quality. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:44. [PMID: 11066422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Moore JD. Credentialing in a vacuum. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:38, 40, 42. [PMID: 11010550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Moore JD. Reports find error-reporting takes faith. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:3, 16. [PMID: 11010533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Friedman CS, Andree KB, Beauchamp KA, Moore JD, Robbins TT, Shields JD, Hedrick RP. 'Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis', a newly described pathogen of abalone, Haliotis spp., along the west coast of North America. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50 Pt 2:847-855. [PMID: 10758896 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-50-2-847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Withering syndrome is a fatal disease of wild and cultured abalone, Haliotis spp., that inhabit the west coast of North America. The aetiological agent of withering syndrome has recently been identified as a member of the family Rickettsiaceae in the order Rickettsiales. Using a combination of morphological, serological, life history and genomic (16S rDNA) characterization, we have identified this bacterium as a unique taxon and propose the provisional status of 'Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis'. The Gram-negative, obligate intracellular pleomorphic bacterium is found within membrane-bound vacuoles in the cytoplasm of abalone gastrointestinal epithelial cells. The bacterium is not cultivable on synthetic media or in fish cell lines (e.g. CHSE-214) and may be controlled by tetracyclines (oxytetracycline) but not by chloramphenicol, clarithromycin or sarafloxicin. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rDNA of 'Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis' places it in the alpha-subclass of the class Proteobacteria but not to the four recognized subtaxa of the alpha-Proteobacteria (alpha-1, alpha-2, alpha-3 and alpha-4). The bacterium can be detected in tissue squashes stained with propidium iodide, microscopic examination of stained tissue sections, PCR or in situ hybridization. 'Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis' can be differentiated from other closely related alpha-Proteobacteria by its unique 16S rDNA sequence.
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Moore JD. AHA moves on medical errors. As one hospital calls IOM report 'bang-on right,' association begins a data quest. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:3, 8. [PMID: 11009844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Moore JD. Mass. fights Harvard University for name. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:13. [PMID: 11009835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Moore JD. Forcing the issue. Californians set to use their electoral clout to place healthcare on the presidential front burner. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:22-3, 26-7. [PMID: 11009841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Moore JD. CEO turnover drops to new low. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:2-3, 12. [PMID: 11010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Moore JD. Protocols reduce errors in Wash. heart program. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:62, 67. [PMID: 11010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Moore JD, Hallam K. States take lead on quality accountability. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:2-3. [PMID: 11010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Moore JD. St. Louis hospital shuts doors again. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:14. [PMID: 11010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Antonio DB, Andree KB, Moore JD, Friedman CS, Hedrick RP. Detection of Rickettsiales-like prokaryotes by in situ hybridization in black abalone, Haliotis cracherodii, with withering syndrome. J Invertebr Pathol 2000; 75:180-2. [PMID: 10772333 DOI: 10.1006/jipa.1999.4906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D B Antonio
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
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Moore JD. One thing leads to another. Medical-errors report means money for medical-outcomes research. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:2, 11. [PMID: 11009987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Moore JD. What's a credit rating worth? Mod Healthc 2000; 30:40. [PMID: 11009983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Moore JD. Challenges converge on St. Louis system. Mod Healthc 2000; 30:50. [PMID: 11009975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Kirchheimer B, Bellandi D, Moore JD, Morrissey J, Jaklevic MC, Taylor M, Saphir A, Hensley S, Shinkman R, Hallam K. Outlook 2000. Industry turbulence may subside as Medicare pays more and merged systems look inward.... Mod Healthc 2000; 30:25-7, 30-1, 34-6. [PMID: 11009960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Abstract
A 6-year-old malnourished child had persisting hemolysis after attempted valve repair and two surgeries for mitral valve replacement due to partial dehiscence of the valve ring. A modified catheter delivery system was utilized to deploy a total of six Gianturco coils. The hemolysis resolved and the patient was doing well 17 months later. The technique may be helpful in other patients with perivalvular mitral leaks. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 49:64-67, 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Moore
- Center for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Diseases, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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