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Perone Y, Farrugia AJ, Rodríguez-Meira A, Győrffy B, Ion C, Uggetti A, Chronopoulos A, Marrazzo P, Faronato M, Shousha S, Davies C, Steel JH, Patel N, Del Rio Hernandez A, Coombes C, Pruneri G, Lim A, Calvo F, Magnani L. Author Correction: SREBP1 drives keratin-80-dependent cytoskeletal changes and invasive behavior in endocrine-resistant ERα breast cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3791. [PMID: 31427580 PMCID: PMC6700086 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11801-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Perone
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Aaron J Farrugia
- Division of Cancer Biology, Tumour Microenvironment Team, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Meira
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Charlotte Ion
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Antonios Chronopoulos
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Monica Faronato
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sami Shousha
- Histopathology Department, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Claire Davies
- ECMC Imperial College. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer H Steel
- ECMC Imperial College. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Naina Patel
- ECMC Imperial College. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Charles Coombes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Pathology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori and University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Adrian Lim
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fernando Calvo
- Division of Cancer Biology, Tumour Microenvironment Team, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK. .,Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
| | - Luca Magnani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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2
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Nguyen VTM, Barozzi I, Faronato M, Lombardo Y, Steel JH, Patel N, Darbre P, Castellano L, Győrffy B, Woodley L, Rodriguez-Meira A, Patten DK, Vircillo V, Periyasamy M, Ali S, Frige G, Minucci S, Coombes RC, Magnani L. Author Correction: Differential epigenetic reprogramming in response to specific endocrine therapies promotes cholesterol biosynthesis and cellular invasion. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3505. [PMID: 31388012 PMCID: PMC6684632 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11569-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van T M Nguyen
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Iros Barozzi
- IFOM-IEO Campus, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Monica Faronato
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ylenia Lombardo
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jennifer H Steel
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Naina Patel
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Philippa Darbre
- School of Biological Science, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6LA, UK
| | - Leandro Castellano
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTATTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | | | | | - Darren K Patten
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Valentina Vircillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy
| | | | - Simak Ali
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Gianmaria Frige
- IFOM-IEO Campus, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Saverio Minucci
- IFOM-IEO Campus, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - R Charles Coombes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Luca Magnani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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3
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Perone Y, Farrugia AJ, Rodríguez-Meira A, Győrffy B, Ion C, Uggetti A, Chronopoulos A, Marrazzo P, Faronato M, Shousha S, Davies C, Steel JH, Patel N, Del Rio Hernandez A, Coombes C, Pruneri G, Lim A, Calvo F, Magnani L. SREBP1 drives Keratin-80-dependent cytoskeletal changes and invasive behavior in endocrine-resistant ERα breast cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2115. [PMID: 31073170 PMCID: PMC6509342 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of ERα breast cancer patients relapse with metastatic disease following adjuvant endocrine therapies. The connection between acquisition of drug resistance and invasive potential is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the type II keratin topological associating domain undergoes epigenetic reprogramming in aromatase inhibitors (AI)-resistant cells, leading to Keratin-80 (KRT80) upregulation. KRT80 expression is driven by de novo enhancer activation by sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1). KRT80 upregulation directly promotes cytoskeletal rearrangements at the leading edge, increased focal adhesion and cellular stiffening, collectively promoting cancer cell invasion. Shearwave elasticity imaging performed on prospectively recruited patients confirms KRT80 levels correlate with stiffer tumors. Immunohistochemistry showed increased KRT80-positive cells at relapse and, using several clinical endpoints, KRT80 expression associates with poor survival. Collectively, our data uncover an unpredicted and potentially targetable direct link between epigenetic and cytoskeletal reprogramming promoting cell invasion in response to chronic AI treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Aromatase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Aromatase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Breast/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cytoskeleton/genetics
- Cytoskeleton/pathology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Keratins, Type II/genetics
- Keratins, Type II/metabolism
- MCF-7 Cells
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Prognosis
- Protein Domains/genetics
- Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Perone
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Aaron J Farrugia
- Division of Cancer Biology, Tumour Microenvironment Team, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Meira
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Charlotte Ion
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Antonios Chronopoulos
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Monica Faronato
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sami Shousha
- Histopathology Department, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Claire Davies
- ECMC Imperial College. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer H Steel
- ECMC Imperial College. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Naina Patel
- ECMC Imperial College. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Charles Coombes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Pathology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori and University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Adrian Lim
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fernando Calvo
- Division of Cancer Biology, Tumour Microenvironment Team, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
| | - Luca Magnani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Stronach EA, Paul J, Timms KM, Hughes E, Brown K, Neff C, Perry M, Gutin A, El-Bahrawy M, Steel JH, Liu X, Lewsley LA, Siddiqui N, Gabra H, Lanchbury JS, Brown R. Biomarker Assessment of HR Deficiency, Tumor BRCA1/2 Mutations, and CCNE1 Copy Number in Ovarian Cancer: Associations with Clinical Outcome Following Platinum Monotherapy. Mol Cancer Res 2018. [PMID: 29724815 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0034] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current study evaluated three biomarkers [homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), tumor BRCA1/2 (tBRCA) mutations, and CCNE1 copy-number variation (CNV)] in ovarian tumors from patients enrolled on the SCOTROC4 clinical trial for associations with outcome following carboplatin monotherapy. Ovarian tumors (n = 250), with high-grade serous (HGSOC) subgroup analysis (n = 179) were classified as HRD positive (HRD score ≥42 or tBRCA mutation) and as CCNE1 amplification positive (CCNE1 CNV score >2.4). Seventy-four (30%) tumors were HRD positive, including 34 (14%) with tBRCA mutations. Forty-seven (19%) were CCNE1 amplification positive, all of which were tBRCA wild-type. HRD and tBRCA, but not CCNE1 amplification, were significantly associated with CA125 complete response in the entire cohort (HRD, P = 0.00015; tBRCA P = 0.0096), and the HGSOC subgroup (HRD, P = 0.0016; tBRCA P = 0.032). HRD and lack of CCNE1 amplification were associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the full cohort and HGSOC subgroup (HRD, P = 0.00021; CCNE1 status P = 0.038). HRD remained significant for OS and PFS after adjusting for clinical factors, while CCNE1 status only remained significant for PFS. Patients with HRD-positive tumors had greater PFS and OS benefit from platinum dose intensification than HRD-negative tumors (P = 0.049 and P = 0.035, respectively). An alternative exploratory HRD score threshold (≥33 or tBRCA mutation) was also significantly associated with both PFS and OS in the HGSOC subset.Implications: HRD, tumor BRCA1/2 mutations, and absence of CCNE1 amplification are associated with improved survival of ovarian cancer patients treated with platinum monotherapy and HRD-positive patients may benefit from platinum dose intensification. Mol Cancer Res; 16(7); 1103-11. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan A Stronach
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James Paul
- University of Glasgow (Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit) and SGCTG, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer H Steel
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Xinxue Liu
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Liz-Anne Lewsley
- University of Glasgow (Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit) and SGCTG, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hani Gabra
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Robert Brown
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Institute for Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
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5
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Stronach EA, Paul J, Timms KM, Hughes E, Brown K, Neff C, Perry M, Gutin A, El-Bahrawy M, Steel JH, Liu X, Lewsley LA, Siddiqui N, Gabra H, Lanchbury JS, Brown R. Biomarker Assessment of HR Deficiency, Tumor BRCA1/2 Mutations, and CCNE1 Copy Number in Ovarian Cancer: Associations with Clinical Outcome Following Platinum Monotherapy. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1103-1111. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Patel H, Abduljabbar R, Lai CF, Periyasamy M, Harrod A, Gemma C, Steel JH, Patel N, Busonero C, Jerjees D, Remenyi J, Smith S, Gomm JJ, Magnani L, Győrffy B, Jones LJ, Fuller-Pace F, Shousha S, Buluwela L, Rakha EA, Ellis IO, Coombes RC, Ali S. Expression of CDK7, Cyclin H, and MAT1 Is Elevated in Breast Cancer and Is Prognostic in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5929-5938. [PMID: 27301701 PMCID: PMC5293170 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE CDK-activating kinase (CAK) is required for the regulation of the cell cycle and is a trimeric complex consisting of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7), Cyclin H, and the accessory protein, MAT1. CDK7 also plays a critical role in regulating transcription, primarily by phosphorylating RNA polymerase II, as well as transcription factors such as estrogen receptor-α (ER). Deregulation of cell cycle and transcriptional control are general features of tumor cells, highlighting the potential for the use of CDK7 inhibitors as novel cancer therapeutics. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN mRNA and protein expression of CDK7 and its essential cofactors cyclin H and MAT1 were evaluated in breast cancer samples to determine if their levels are altered in cancer. Immunohistochemical staining of >900 breast cancers was used to determine the association with clinicopathologic features and patient outcome. RESULTS We show that expressions of CDK7, cyclin H, and MAT1 are all closely linked at the mRNA and protein level, and their expression is elevated in breast cancer compared with the normal breast tissue. Intriguingly, CDK7 expression was inversely proportional to tumor grade and size, and outcome analysis showed an association between CAK levels and better outcome. Moreover, CDK7 expression was positively associated with ER expression and in particular with phosphorylation of ER at serine 118, a site important for ER transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS Expressions of components of the CAK complex, CDK7, MAT1, and Cyclin H are elevated in breast cancer and correlate with ER. Like ER, CDK7 expression is inversely proportional to poor prognostic factors and survival. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5929-38. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetal Patel
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rezvan Abduljabbar
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chun-Fui Lai
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manikandan Periyasamy
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Harrod
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina Gemma
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer H Steel
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Naina Patel
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Busonero
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dena Jerjees
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Judit Remenyi
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Smith
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer J Gomm
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Magnani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Louise J Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Fuller-Pace
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sami Shousha
- Department of Histopathology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Laki Buluwela
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Charles Coombes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simak Ali
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom.
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7
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Salker MS, Steel JH, Hosseinzadeh Z, Nautiyal J, Webster Z, Singh Y, Brucker S, Lang F, Brosens JJ. Activation of SGK1 in Endometrial Epithelial Cells in Response to PI3K/AKT Inhibition Impairs Embryo Implantation. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 39:2077-2087. [DOI: 10.1159/000447903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Serum & Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinase 1 (SGK1) plays a fundamental role in ion and solute transport processes in epithelia. In the endometrium, down-regulation of SGK1 during the window of receptivity facilitates embryo implantation whereas expression of a constitutively active mutant in the murine uterus blocks implantation. Methods/Results: Here, we report that treatment of endometrial epithelial cells with specific inhibitors of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT activity pathway results in reciprocal activation of SGK1. Flushing of the uterine lumen of mice with a cell permeable, substrate competitive phosphatidylinositol analogue that inhibits AKT activation (AKT inhibitor III) resulted in Sgk1 phosphorylation, down-regulation of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Nedd4-2, and increased expression of epithelial Na+ channels (ENaC). Furthermore, exposure of the uterine lumen to AKT inhibitor III prior to embryo transfer induced a spectrum of early pregnancy defects, ranging from implantation failure to aberrant spacing of implantation sites. Conclusion: Taken together, our data indicate that the balanced activities of two related serine/threonine kinases, AKT and SGK1, critically govern the implantation process.
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8
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Blondrath K, Steel JH, Katsouri L, Ries M, Parker MG, Christian M, Sastre M. The nuclear cofactor receptor interacting protein-140 (RIP140) regulates the expression of genes involved in Aβ generation. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 47:180-191. [PMID: 27614112 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The receptor interacting protein-140 (RIP140) is a cofactor for several nuclear receptors and has been involved in the regulation of metabolic and inflammatory genes. We hypothesize that RIP140 may also affect Aβ generation because it modulates the activity of transcription factors previously implicated in amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). We found that the levels of RIP140 are reduced in Alzheimer's disease (AD) postmortem brains compared with healthy controls. In addition, in situ hybridization experiments revealed that RIP140 expression is enriched in the same brain areas involved in AD pathology, such as cortex and hippocampus. Furthermore, we provide evidence using cell lines and genetically modified mice that RIP140 is able to modulate the transcription of certain genes involved in AD pathology, such as β-APP cleaving enzyme (BACE1) and GSK3. Consequently, we found that RIP140 overexpression reduced the generation of Aβ in a neuroblastoma cell line by decreasing the transcription of β-APP cleaving enzyme via a PPARγ-dependent mechanism. The results of this study therefore provide molecular insights into common signaling pathways linking metabolic disease with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Blondrath
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer H Steel
- Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Loukia Katsouri
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Miriam Ries
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Malcolm G Parker
- Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Christian
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
| | - Magdalena Sastre
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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9
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Hopkins TG, Mura M, Al-Ashtal HA, Lahr RM, Abd-Latip N, Sweeney K, Lu H, Weir J, El-Bahrawy M, Steel JH, Ghaem-Maghami S, Aboagye EO, Berman AJ, Blagden SP. The RNA-binding protein LARP1 is a post-transcriptional regulator of survival and tumorigenesis in ovarian cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:1227-46. [PMID: 26717985 PMCID: PMC4756840 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are increasingly identified as post-transcriptional drivers of cancer progression. The RBP LARP1 is an mRNA stability regulator, and elevated expression of the protein in hepatocellular and lung cancers is correlated with adverse prognosis. LARP1 associates with an mRNA interactome that is enriched for oncogenic transcripts. Here we explore the role of LARP1 in epithelial ovarian cancer, a disease characterized by the rapid acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy through the induction of pro-survival signalling. We show, using ovarian cell lines and xenografts, that LARP1 is required for cancer cell survival and chemotherapy resistance. LARP1 promotes tumour formation in vivo and maintains cancer stem cell-like populations. Using transcriptomic analysis following LARP1 knockdown, cross-referenced against the LARP1 interactome, we identify BCL2 and BIK as LARP1 mRNA targets. We demonstrate that, through an interaction with the 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) of BCL2 and BIK, LARP1 stabilizes BCL2 but destabilizes BIK with the net effect of resisting apoptosis. Together, our data indicate that by differentially regulating the stability of a selection of mRNAs, LARP1 promotes ovarian cancer progression and chemotherapy resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Autoantigens/genetics
- Autoantigens/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit/deficiency
- Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit/genetics
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Protein Binding
- RNA Interference
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Ribonucleoproteins/genetics
- Ribonucleoproteins/metabolism
- Survival Analysis
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- SS-B Antigen
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Hopkins
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Manuela Mura
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Hiba A Al-Ashtal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Roni M Lahr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Normala Abd-Latip
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Katrina Sweeney
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Haonan Lu
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Justin Weir
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jennifer H Steel
- Imperial College Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Division of Cancer, Imperial College Academic Health Science Centre, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sadaf Ghaem-Maghami
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andrea J Berman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Sarah P Blagden
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College, London W12 0HS, UK Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
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10
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Nguyen VTM, Barozzi I, Faronato M, Lombardo Y, Steel JH, Patel N, Darbre P, Castellano L, Győrffy B, Woodley L, Meira A, Patten DK, Vircillo V, Periyasamy M, Ali S, Frige G, Minucci S, Coombes RC, Magnani L. Differential epigenetic reprogramming in response to specific endocrine therapies promotes cholesterol biosynthesis and cellular invasion. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10044. [PMID: 26610607 PMCID: PMC4674692 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapies target the activation of the oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) via distinct mechanisms, but it is not clear whether breast cancer cells can adapt to treatment using drug-specific mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that resistance emerges via drug-specific epigenetic reprogramming. Resistant cells display a spectrum of phenotypical changes with invasive phenotypes evolving in lines resistant to the aromatase inhibitor (AI). Orthogonal genomics analysis of reprogrammed regulatory regions identifies individual drug-induced epigenetic states involving large topologically associating domains (TADs) and the activation of super-enhancers. AI-resistant cells activate endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis (CB) through stable epigenetic activation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, CB sparks the constitutive activation of oestrogen receptors alpha (ERα) in AI-resistant cells, partly via the biosynthesis of 27-hydroxycholesterol. By targeting CB using statins, ERα binding is reduced and cell invasion is prevented. Epigenomic-led stratification can predict resistance to AI in a subset of ERα-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van T. M. Nguyen
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Iros Barozzi
- IFOM-IEO Campus, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Monica Faronato
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ylenia Lombardo
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jennifer H. Steel
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Naina Patel
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Philippa Darbre
- School of Biological Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6LA, UK
| | - Leandro Castellano
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | | | - Alba Meira
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Darren K. Patten
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Valentina Vircillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS) 87036, Italy
| | | | - Simak Ali
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Gianmaria Frige
- IFOM-IEO Campus, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Saverio Minucci
- IFOM-IEO Campus, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - R. Charles Coombes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Luca Magnani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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11
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Harway M, Steel JH. Studying masculinity and sexual assault across organizational culture groups: Understanding perpetrators. Psychology of Men & Masculinity 2015. [DOI: 10.1037/a0039694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Magnani L, Patten DK, Nguyen VT, Hong SP, Steel JH, Patel N, Lombardo Y, Faronato M, Gomes AR, Woodley L, Page K, Guttery D, Primrose L, Garcia DF, Shaw J, Viola P, Green A, Nolan C, Ellis IO, Rakha EA, Shousha S, Lam EWF, Győrffy B, Lupien M, Coombes RC. The pioneer factor PBX1 is a novel driver of metastatic progression in ERα-positive breast cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:21878-91. [PMID: 26215677 PMCID: PMC4673133 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 30% of ERα breast cancer patients develop relapses and progress to metastatic disease despite treatment with endocrine therapies. The pioneer factor PBX1 translates epigenetic cues and mediates estrogen induced ERα binding. Here we demonstrate that PBX1 plays a central role in regulating the ERα transcriptional response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling. PBX1 regulates a subset of EGF-ERα genes highly expressed in aggressive breast tumours. Retrospective stratification of luminal patients using PBX1 protein levels in primary cancer further demonstrates that elevated PBX1 protein levels correlate with earlier metastatic progression. In agreement, PBX1 protein levels are significantly upregulated during metastatic progression in ERα-positive breast cancer patients. Finally we reveal that PBX1 upregulation in aggressive tumours is partly mediated by genomic amplification of the PBX1 locus. Correspondingly, ERα-positive breast cancer patients carrying PBX1 amplification are characterized by poor survival. Notably, we demonstrate that PBX1 amplification can be identified in tumor derived-circulating free DNA of ERα-positive metastatic patients. Metastatic patients with PBX1 amplification are also characterized by shorter relapse-free survival. Our data identifies PBX1 amplification as a functional hallmark of aggressive ERα-positive breast cancers. Mechanistically, PBX1 amplification impinges on several critical pathways associated with aggressive ERα-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Magnani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Darren K. Patten
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Van T.M. Nguyen
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sung-Pil Hong
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer H. Steel
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Naina Patel
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ylenia Lombardo
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Monica Faronato
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ana R. Gomes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Woodley
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Karen Page
- Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David Guttery
- Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Lindsay Primrose
- Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Jacqui Shaw
- Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Patrizia Viola
- Laboratory of Medicine, Histopathology Department, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Andrew Green
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Budapest, HU
| | - Christopher Nolan
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Budapest, HU
| | - Ian O. Ellis
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Budapest, HU
| | - Emad A. Rakha
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Budapest, HU
| | - Sami Shousha
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eric W.-F. Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University and MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, HU
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Brown R, Timms K, Paul J, Hughes E, El-Bahrawy M, Steel JH, Kalva S, Liu X, Wang Y, Rama NR, Wilhelm-Benartzi C, Gutin A, Lewsley LA, Siddiqui N, Patel N, Lanchbury JS, Gabra H, Stronach EA. Homologous recombination (HR) deficiency, tumor BRCA1/2 mutations (tmBRCA) and association with response and outcome following platinum monotherapy in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.5576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James Paul
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Xinxue Liu
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nona R Rama
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Liz-Anne Lewsley
- Scottish Gynaecological Cancer Trials Group (SGCTG), Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Naina Patel
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hani Gabra
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Rosell M, Nevedomskaya E, Stelloo S, Nautiyal J, Poliandri A, Steel JH, Wessels LFA, Carroll JS, Parker MG, Zwart W. Complex formation and function of estrogen receptor α in transcription requires RIP140. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5469-79. [PMID: 25145671 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RIP140 is a transcriptional coregulator involved in energy homeostasis, ovulation, and mammary gland development. Although conclusive evidence is lacking, reports have implicated a role for RIP140 in breast cancer. Here, we explored the mechanistic role of RIP140 in breast cancer and its involvement in estrogen receptor α (ERα) transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Using ChIP-seq analysis, we demonstrate that RIP140 shares more than 80% of its binding sites with ERα, colocalizing with its interaction partners FOXA1, GATA3, p300, CBP, and p160 family members at H3K4me1-demarcated enhancer regions. RIP140 is required for ERα-complex formation, ERα-mediated gene expression, and ERα-dependent breast cancer cell proliferation. Genes affected following RIP140 silencing could be used to stratify tamoxifen-treated breast cancer cohorts, based on clinical outcome. Importantly, this gene signature was only effective in endocrine-treated conditions. Cumulatively, our data suggest that RIP140 plays an important role in ERα-mediated transcriptional regulation in breast cancer and response to tamoxifen treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Rosell
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ekaterina Nevedomskaya
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzan Stelloo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaya Nautiyal
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ariel Poliandri
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer H Steel
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm G Parker
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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15
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Brosens JJ, Salker MS, Teklenburg G, Nautiyal J, Salter S, Lucas ES, Steel JH, Christian M, Chan YW, Boomsma CM, Moore JD, Hartshorne GM, Sućurović S, Mulac-Jericevic B, Heijnen CJ, Quenby S, Koerkamp MJG, Holstege FCP, Shmygol A, Macklon NS. Uterine selection of human embryos at implantation. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3894. [PMID: 24503642 PMCID: PMC3915549 DOI: 10.1038/srep03894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryos frequently harbor large-scale complex chromosomal errors that impede normal development. Affected embryos may fail to implant although many first breach the endometrial epithelium and embed in the decidualizing stroma before being rejected via mechanisms that are poorly understood. Here we show that developmentally impaired human embryos elicit an endoplasmic stress response in human decidual cells. A stress response was also evident upon in vivo exposure of mouse uteri to culture medium conditioned by low-quality human embryos. By contrast, signals emanating from developmentally competent embryos activated a focused gene network enriched in metabolic enzymes and implantation factors. We further show that trypsin, a serine protease released by pre-implantation embryos, elicits Ca2+ signaling in endometrial epithelial cells. Competent human embryos triggered short-lived oscillatory Ca2+ fluxes whereas low-quality embryos caused a heightened and prolonged Ca2+ response. Thus, distinct positive and negative mechanisms contribute to active selection of human embryos at implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan J Brosens
- Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Madhuri S Salker
- 1] Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK [2] Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Gijs Teklenburg
- Department for Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaya Nautiyal
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Scarlett Salter
- Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Emma S Lucas
- Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Jennifer H Steel
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Mark Christian
- Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Yi-Wah Chan
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Carolien M Boomsma
- Department for Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan D Moore
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Geraldine M Hartshorne
- Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Sandra Sućurović
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Biserka Mulac-Jericevic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Cobi J Heijnen
- Department for Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Siobhan Quenby
- Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Marian J Groot Koerkamp
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank C P Holstege
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anatoly Shmygol
- Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Nick S Macklon
- 1] Department for Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands [2] Division of Developmental Origins of Adult Diseases (DOHaD), University of Southampton, Coxford Road, Southampton SO16 5YA, UK
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16
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Nautiyal J, Steel JH, Mane MR, Oduwole O, Poliandri A, Alexi X, Wood N, Poutanen M, Zwart W, Stingl J, Parker MG. The transcriptional co-factor RIP140 regulates mammary gland development by promoting the generation of key mitogenic signals. Development 2013; 140:1079-89. [PMID: 23404106 PMCID: PMC3583043 DOI: 10.1242/dev.085720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor interacting protein (Nrip1), also known as RIP140, is a co-regulator for nuclear receptors that plays an essential role in ovulation by regulating the expression of the epidermal growth factor-like family of growth factors. Although several studies indicate a role for RIP140 in breast cancer, its role in the development of the mammary gland is unclear. By using RIP140-null and RIP140 transgenic mice, we demonstrate that RIP140 is an essential factor for normal mammary gland development and that it functions by mediating oestrogen signalling. RIP140-null mice exhibit minimal ductal elongation with no side-branching, whereas RIP140-overexpressing mice show increased cell proliferation and ductal branching with age. Tissue recombination experiments demonstrate that RIP140 expression is required in both the mammary epithelial and stromal compartments for ductal elongation during puberty and that loss of RIP140 leads to a catastrophic loss of the mammary epithelium, whereas RIP140 overexpression augments the mammary basal cell population and shifts the progenitor/differentiated cell balance within the luminal cell compartment towards the progenitors. For the first time, we present a genome-wide global view of oestrogen receptor-α (ERα) binding events in the developing mammary gland, which unravels 881 ERα binding sites. Unbiased evaluation of several ERα binding sites for RIP140 co-occupancy reveals selectivity and demonstrates that RIP140 acts as a co-regulator with ERα to regulate directly the expression of amphiregulin (Areg), the progesterone receptor (Pgr) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a (Stat5a), factors that influence key mitogenic pathways that regulate normal mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Nautiyal
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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17
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Salker MS, Nautiyal J, Steel JH, Webster Z, Šućurović S, Nicou M, Singh Y, Lucas ES, Murakami K, Chan YW, James S, Abdallah Y, Christian M, Croy BA, Mulac-Jericevic B, Quenby S, Brosens JJ. Disordered IL-33/ST2 activation in decidualizing stromal cells prolongs uterine receptivity in women with recurrent pregnancy loss. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52252. [PMID: 23300625 PMCID: PMC3531406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Decidualization renders the endometrium transiently receptive to an implanting blastocyst although the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we show that human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) rapidly release IL-33, a key regulator of innate immune responses, upon decidualization. In parallel, differentiating HESCs upregulate the IL-33 transmembrane receptor ST2L and other pro-inflammatory mediators before mounting a profound anti-inflammatory response that includes downregulation of ST2L and increased expression of the soluble decoy receptor sST2. We demonstrate that HESCs secrete factors permissive of embryo implantation in mice only during the pro-inflammatory phase of the decidual process. IL-33 knockdown in undifferentiated HESCs was sufficient to abrogate this pro-inflammatory decidual response. Further, sequential activation of the IL-33/ST2L/sST2 axis was disordered in decidualizing HESCs from women with recurrent pregnancy loss. Signals from these cultures prolonged the implantation window but also caused subsequent pregnancy failure in mice. Thus, Il-33/ST2 activation in HESCS drives an autoinflammatory response that controls the temporal expression of receptivity genes. Failure to constrain this response predisposes to miscarriage by allowing out-of-phase implantation in an unsupportive uterine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri S. Salker
- Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaya Nautiyal
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer H. Steel
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Webster
- Embryonic Stem Cell Facility, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Šućurović
- Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marilena Nicou
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Department of Infection and Immunity, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma S. Lucas
- Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Keisuke Murakami
- Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Wah Chan
- Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Sean James
- Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Yazan Abdallah
- Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Christian
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - B. Anne Croy
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Biserka Mulac-Jericevic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Siobhan Quenby
- Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jan J. Brosens
- Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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18
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Lasecka L, Dixon PH, Molokhia M, Sharma N, Schleh A, Wang CM, Steel JH, Seckl MJ, Savage PM, Fisher RA. 667C>T and 1298A>C polymorphisms of MTHFR do not predict response to methotrexate in patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 123:605-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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19
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Salker MS, Christian M, Steel JH, Nautiyal J, Lavery S, Trew G, Webster Z, Al-Sabbagh M, Puchchakayala G, Föller M, Landles C, Sharkey AM, Quenby S, Aplin JD, Regan L, Lang F, Brosens JJ. Deregulation of the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1 in the endometrium causes reproductive failure. Nat Med 2011; 17:1509-13. [PMID: 22001908 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) are prevalent but distinct causes of reproductive failure that often remain unexplained despite extensive investigations. Analysis of midsecretory endometrial samples revealed that SGK1, a kinase involved in epithelial ion transport and cell survival, is upregulated in unexplained infertility, most prominently in the luminal epithelium, but downregulated in the endometrium of women suffering from RPL. To determine the functional importance of these observations, we first expressed a constitutively active SGK1 mutant in the luminal epithelium of the mouse uterus. This prevented expression of certain endometrial receptivity genes, perturbed uterine fluid handling and abolished embryo implantation. By contrast, implantation was unhindered in Sgk1-/- mice, but pregnancy was often complicated by bleeding at the decidual-placental interface and fetal growth retardation and subsequent demise. Compared to wild-type mice, Sgk1-/- mice had gross impairment of pregnancy-dependent induction of genes involved in oxidative stress defenses. Relative SGK1 deficiency was also a hallmark of decidualizing stromal cells from human subjects with RPL and sensitized these cells to oxidative cell death. Thus, depending on the cellular compartment, deregulated SGK1 activity in cycling endometrium interferes with embryo implantation, leading to infertility, or predisposes to pregnancy complications by rendering the feto-maternal interface vulnerable to oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri S Salker
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
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20
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Grimaldi G, Christian M, Steel JH, Henriet P, Poutanen M, Brosens JJ. Down-regulation of the histone methyltransferase EZH2 contributes to the epigenetic programming of decidualizing human endometrial stromal cells. Mol Endocrinol 2011; 25:1892-903. [PMID: 21903722 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of human endometrial stromal cells (HESC) into decidual cells represents a highly coordinated process essential for embryo implantation. We show that decidualizing HESC down-regulate the histone methyltransferase enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), resulting in declining levels of trimethylation of histone 3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me3) at the proximal promoters of key decidual marker genes PRL and IGFBP1. Loss of H3K27me3 was associated with a reciprocal enrichment in acetylation of the same lysine residue, indicating active remodeling from repressive to transcriptionally permissive chromatin. Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with DNA microarray analysis demonstrated that decidualization triggers genome-wide changes in H3K27me3 distribution that only partly overlap those observed upon EZH2 knockdown in undifferentiated HESC. Gene ontology revealed that gain of the repressive H3K27me3 mark in response to decidualization and upon EZH2 knockdown in undifferentiated cells was enriched at the promoter regions of genes involved in transcriptional regulation and growth/cell proliferation, respectively. However, loss of the H3K27me3 mark (indicating increased chromatin accessibility) in decidualizing cells and upon EZH2 knockdown occurred at selective loci enriched for genes functionally implicated in responses to stimulus. In agreement, EZH2 knockdown in undifferentiated HESC was sufficient to augment the induction of decidual marker genes in response to cyclic AMP and progesterone signaling. Thus, loss of EZH2-dependent methyltransferase activity in the endometrium is integral to the process of chromatin remodeling that enables the transition from a proliferative to a decidual phenotype in response to differentiation cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Grimaldi
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Nautiyal J, Steel JH, Rosell MM, Nikolopoulou E, Lee K, Demayo FJ, White R, Richards JS, Parker MG. The nuclear receptor cofactor receptor-interacting protein 140 is a positive regulator of amphiregulin expression and cumulus cell-oocyte complex expansion in the mouse ovary. Endocrinology 2010; 151:2923-32. [PMID: 20308529 PMCID: PMC2875814 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor cofactor receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is essential for cumulus cell-oocyte complex (COC) expansion, follicular rupture, and oocyte release during ovulation. The expression of many genes necessary for COC expansion is impaired in the absence of RIP140, but the studies herein document that their expression can be restored and COC expansion rescued by treatment with the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like factor amphiregulin (AREG) both in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate by several approaches that RIP140 is required for the expression of the EGF-like factors in granulosa cells, but the dependence of genes involved in cumulus expansion, including Ptgs2 Has2, Tnfaip6, and Ptx3, is indirect because they are induced by AREG. Treatment of granulosa cells with forskolin to mimic the effects of LH increases AREG promoter activity in a RIP140-dependent manner that 1) requires an intact cAMP response element in the proximal promoter region of the Areg gene and 2) involves its actions as a coactivator for cAMP response element-binding protein/c-Jun transcription factors. Although human chorionic gonadotropin and AREG coadministration is sufficient to restore ovulation fully in RIP140 heterozygous mice in vivo, both follicular rupture and ovulation remain impaired in the RIP140 null mice. Thus, we conclude that although the level of RIP140 expression in the ovary is a crucial factor required for the transient expression of EGF-like factors necessary for cumulus expansion, it also plays a role in other signaling pathways that induce follicular rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Nautiyal
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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22
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Fritah A, Steel JH, Nichol D, Parker N, Williams S, Price A, Strauss L, Ryder TA, Mobberley MA, Poutanen M, Parker M, White R. Elevated expression of the metabolic regulator receptor-interacting protein 140 results in cardiac hypertrophy and impaired cardiac function. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 86:443-51. [PMID: 20083575 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is a ligand-dependent cofactor for nuclear receptors that regulate networks of genes involved in cellular processes, including metabolism. An important role for RIP140 in metabolic control has been identified in RIP140 null mice, whose phenotypes include derepression of genes involved in energy mobilization or catabolism in adipocytes and a switch to more oxidative fibres in skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that ubiquitous expression of RIP140 would suppress metabolic processes, leading to defects in development or cellular function. METHODS AND RESULTS The primary effect of exogenous expression of RIP140 mRNA (real-time PCR) and protein (western blotting) in transgenic mice is impaired postnatal heart function. There was rapid onset of cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular fibrosis, detected microscopically, in male RIP140 transgenic mice from 4 weeks of age, resulting in 25% mortality by 5 months. RIP140 exogenous expression in the heart leads to decreased mitochondria state III and state IV membrane potential and oxygen consumption. Quantitative PCR showed more than 50% reduced expression of genes involved in mitochondrial activity and fatty acid metabolism, including mitochondrial transcription factor A, cytochrome oxidase VIIa, cytochrome XII, CD36, medium-chain acyl dehydrogenase, and fatty acid transport protein, many of which are known targets for nuclear receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors PPARalpha and PPARdelta and oestrogen-related receptors ERRalpha and ERRgamma. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that RIP140 is an important cofactor in postnatal cardiac function and that inhibition of the action of RIP140 may provide a model system to investigate specific interventions designed to prevent or delay the onset of cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaà Fritah
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12ONN, UK
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23
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Seth A, Steel JH, Nichol D, Pocock V, Kumaran MK, Fritah A, Mobberley M, Ryder TA, Rowlerson A, Scott J, Poutanen M, White R, Parker M. The transcriptional corepressor RIP140 regulates oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle. Cell Metab 2007; 6:236-45. [PMID: 17767910 PMCID: PMC2680991 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor signaling plays an important role in energy metabolism. In this study we demonstrate that the nuclear receptor corepressor RIP140 is a key regulator of metabolism in skeletal muscle. RIP140 is expressed in a fiber type-specific manner, and manipulation of its levels in null, heterozygous, and transgenic mice demonstrate that low levels promote while increased expression suppresses the formation of oxidative fibers. Expression profiling reveals global changes in the expression of genes implicated in both myofiber phenotype and metabolic functions. Genes involved in fatty-acid oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial biogenesis are upregulated in the absence of RIP140. Analysis of cultured myofibers demonstrates that the changes in expression are intrinsic to muscle cells and that nuclear receptor-regulated genes are direct targets for repression by RIP140. Therefore RIP140 is an important signaling factor in the regulation of skeletal muscle function and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Seth
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Jennifer H. Steel
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Donna Nichol
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Victoria Pocock
- School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Mande K. Kumaran
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Asmaa Fritah
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Margaret Mobberley
- Department of Histopathology, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF, UK
| | - Timothy A. Ryder
- Department of Histopathology, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF, UK
| | - Anthea Rowlerson
- School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - James Scott
- Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Roger White
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Malcolm Parker
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London W12 ONN, UK
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24
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Abstract
RIP140 is a corepressor for nuclear receptors that regulates energy expenditure in adipose tissue by suppressing the expression of clusters of metabolic genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. The gene encoding RIP140/Nrip1 contains only one coding exon but has multiple promoters and 5' non-coding exons that are subject to alternative splicing. In adipocytes we have defined a promoter, referred to as P2, that is preferentially utilized and activated during adipogenesis. Expression studies and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRalpha), the level of which increases during adipogenesis in parallel with RIP140, stimulates transcription from the P2 promoter. Further analysis indicates that ERRalpha is capable of activating RIP140 gene transcription by two mechanisms, directly by binding to an estrogen receptor element/ERR element at -650/-633 and indirectly through Sp1 binding sites in the proximal promoter. Thus, the up-regulation of RIP140 by ERRalpha during adipogenesis may provide an inhibitory feedback mechanism to control the expression of many nuclear receptor target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Nichol
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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25
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Tullet JMA, Pocock V, Steel JH, White R, Milligan S, Parker MG. Multiple signaling defects in the absence of RIP140 impair both cumulus expansion and follicle rupture. Endocrinology 2005; 146:4127-37. [PMID: 15919748 DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor corepressor RIP140 is essential in the ovary for ovulation, but is not required for follicle growth and luteinization. To identify genes that may be subject to regulation by RIP140 or play a role in ovulation, we compared ovarian gene expression profiles in untreated immature wild-type and RIP140 null mice and after treatment with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin. Many genes involved in signaling, extracellular matrix formation, cell-cell attachment, and adhesion were aberrantly regulated in the absence of RIP140, varying according to the hormone status of the mice. Notable among these was the reduced expression of a number of genes that encode components of signaling pathways and matrix proteins required for cumulus expansion, a key remodeling process necessary for ovulation. Histological analysis confirmed that cumulus expansion in RIP140 null mice is reduced, oocyte detachment from the mural cell wall is impaired, and follicles fail to rupture in response to LH. Although the expression of many genes involved in cumulus cell expansion was reduced, there was a subset of genes involved in extracellular matrix formation and cell-cell interactions that was up-regulated and may interfere with ovarian tissue remodeling. We propose that widespread gene dysregulation in ovarian tissues in the absence of RIP140 leads to the anovulatory phenotype. This helps to define an important role for RIP140 in the regulation of multiple processes leading to ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M A Tullet
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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26
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Abstract
RIP140 is a ligand-dependent corepressor for most, if not all, nuclear receptors. It is expressed widely in many different tissues, but the phenotype of mice devoid of RIP140 indicates that it plays a crucial role in the ovary and in adipose biology. Ovarian expression of RIP140 is cell-type-specific during follicular development and it is essential for oocyte release during ovulation, but not for luteinization of mature ovarian follicles. In adipose tissue, RIP140 is essential for normal fat accumulation and RIP140-null mice show decreased lipid storage even on a high-fat diet, with upregulation of mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP1) in some fat depots. Thus RIP140 plays a crucial role in female fertility and in energy homeostasis, and could be a target for infertility treatment, new contraceptive strategies or prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Steel
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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27
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Steel JH, Malatos S, Kennea N, Edwards AD, Miles L, Duggan P, Reynolds PR, Feldman RG, Sullivan MHF. Bacteria and inflammatory cells in fetal membranes do not always cause preterm labor. Pediatr Res 2005; 57:404-11. [PMID: 15659699 DOI: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000153869.96337.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine infection has been frequently linked with preterm labor before 30 wk of human pregnancy. Many different species of organisms have been detected, leading to the suggestion that infection-induced preterm labor is a generic inflammatory response to organisms rather than a specific response to a limited number of pathogens. The detection of organisms by microbiological culture is a laborious and unreliable process, so the aim of this study was to harness modern molecular techniques to detect organisms in tissues from human pregnancy. A DNA probe specific for conserved regions of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA sequence was designed and labeled with fluorescein for fluorescence in situ hybridization. Organisms were detected in the great majority (>80%) of fetal membranes after prolonged premature rupture of the fetal membranes and after preterm labor, which was consistent with previous data. Organisms were also detected in fetal membranes after preterm delivery without labor and in term deliveries (with or without labour). Inflammatory cells were found frequently in the amnion or chorion of preterm fetal membranes but not in term tissues. Our primary finding is that fluorescence in situ hybridization is an appropriate method to detect organisms in human fetal membranes. In addition, our data show that bacteria may be present in fetal membranes without necessarily causing an inflammatory response, so the mere presence of bacteria may not be sufficient to cause preterm labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Steel
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Wolfson and Weston Research Centre for Family Health, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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28
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Steel JH, O'donoghue K, Kennea NL, Sullivan MHF, Edwards AD. Maternal origin of inflammatory leukocytes in preterm fetal membranes, shown by fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Placenta 2004; 26:672-7. [PMID: 16085046 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2004.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2004] [Revised: 09/22/2004] [Accepted: 10/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the maternal or fetal origin of inflammatory leukocytes in fetal membranes from cases of chorioamnionitis. Fetal membranes were collected from male preterm infants and chorioamnionitis was diagnosed histologically. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation for X and Y chromosomes was used to determine the gender of infiltrating leukocytes in the chorion and amnion. Leukocytes, trophoblast and mesenchymal cells were identified using immunohistochemistry for CD45, cytokeratin-7 and vimentin, respectively. Leukocytes present in the chorion and amnion were labelled XX, indicating maternal origin, and these cells were immunoreactive for the leukocyte marker CD45 but not for vimentin or cytokeratin-7. All other cells in the chorion and amnion were labelled XY and of fetal origin. The results indicated that maternal leukocytes invade the amnion and chorion in chorioamnionitis and we suggest that this is part of the maternal inflammatory response to intrauterine infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Steel
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, UK.
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29
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Landles C, Chalk S, Steel JH, Rosewell I, Spencer-Dene B, Lalani EN, Parker MG. The Thyroid Hormone Receptor-Associated Protein TRAP220 Is Required at Distinct Embryonic Stages in Placental, Cardiac, and Hepatic Development. Mol Endocrinol 2003; 17:2418-35. [PMID: 14500757 DOI: 10.1210/me.2003-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRecent work indicates that thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein 220 (TRAP220), a subunit of the multiprotein TRAP coactivator complex, is essential for embryonic survival. We have generated TRAP220 conditional null mice that are hypomorphic and express the gene at reduced levels. In contrast to TRAP220 null mice, which die at embryonic d 11.5 (E11.5), hypomorphic mice survive until E13.5. The reduced expression in hypomorphs results in hepatic necrosis, defects in hematopoiesis, and hypoplasia of the ventricular myocardium, similar to that observed in TRAP220 null embryos at an earlier stage. The embryonic lethality of null embryos at E11.5 is due to placental insufficiency. Tetraploid aggregation assays partially rescues embryonic development until E13.5, when embryonic loss occurs due to hepatic necrosis coupled with poor myocardial development as observed in hypomorphs. These findings demonstrate that, for normal placental function, there is an absolute requirement for TRAP220 in extraembryonic tissues at E11.5, with an additional requirement in embryonic tissues for hepatic and cardiovascular development thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Landles
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College, Faculty of Medicine, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom
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Steel JH, Morgan DE, Poulsom R. Advantages of in situ hybridisation over direct or indirect in situ reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for localisation of galanin mRNA expression in rat small intestine and pituitary. Histochem J 2001; 33:201-11. [PMID: 11550801 DOI: 10.1023/a:1017942123195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In situ hybridisation (ISH) and direct or indirect in situ reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect galanin mRNA in paraffin sections of rat intestine and pituitary. With conventional ISH, a subset of intestinal neuronal ganglion cells and anterior pituitary endocrine cells were labelled. Direct in situ RT-PCR also labelled some cells in pituitary but not in intestine. Negative controls were unlabelled, but sections with 3' primer alone for RT-PCR appeared positive. No signal was apparent using the indirect in situ RT-PCR method. Investigation of the specificity of solution phase RT-PCR using RNA extracts from pituitary or intestine revealed that additional PCR products were detected under some conditions. The sequences of these PCR products suggested that one was the result of mispriming and single primer PCR, which could also have occurred in situ. Alternative galanin primers gave only the predicted RT-PCR product in solution phase yet still gave artefacts in tissue sections using direct in situ RT-PCR. ISH with probes transcribed from the correct PCR product gave identical labelling to the original galanin riboprobe. In conclusion, direct in situ RT-PCR is unreliable and requires validation, while indirect in situ RT-PCR may fail even though sufficient target exists for detection with conventional sensitive riboprobe ISH.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Steel
- Histopathology Unit, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, UK
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31
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Fantl V, Edwards PA, Steel JH, Vonderhaar BK, Dickson C. Impaired mammary gland development in Cyl-1(-/-) mice during pregnancy and lactation is epithelial cell autonomous. Dev Biol 1999; 212:1-11. [PMID: 10419681 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1999.9329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A specific defect of mice lacking cyclin D1 (Cyl-1(-/-)) is impaired development of the mammary gland during pregnancy. Here we show that when tissue from Cyl-1(-/-) mammary gland was transplanted into empty mammary fat pad of wild-type mice, the abnormal phenotype was maintained, indicating that it is epithelial cell autonomous. Nevertheless, in pregnancy the early proliferative response, which is characterized by extensive side branching, still occurs in the absence of cyclin D1. However, the response is atypical due to a marked reduction in the formation of accompanying alveoli. This reduction and delay in alveolar development persists throughout pregnancy. Moreover, although prolactin synthesis and release appear to be normal, lactogenesis is severely compromised. Consistent with the appearance of numerous side branches, progesterone receptor expression was readily detected in the mammary tissue of pregnant Cyl-1(-/-) mice, although there was a significant change in the ratio of the two (A and B) receptor isoforms. In Cyl-1(-/-) mammary glands during late pregnancy there was a decrease in the abundance of total and phosphorylated Stat5a, as well as delayed onset and substantial diminution of milk protein expression. The biochemical analysis suggests that there is a cumulative delay in growth and differentiation of the mammary gland during pregnancy that results in a severely compromised gland when, at parturition, further development is curtailed by the abrupt change in hormonal milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fantl
- Viral Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Histopathology Unit, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, United Kingdom
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Steel JH, Jeffery RE, Longcroft JM, Rogers LA, Poulsom R. Comparison of isotopic and non-isotopic labelling for in situ hybridisation of various mRNA targets with cRNA probes. Eur J Histochem 1998; 42:143-50. [PMID: 9728292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In situ hybridisation methods to localise messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) targets in tissue sections or cell preparations using riboprobes can be successful with either isotopic or non-isotopic labelling. Investigators often wish to decide which labelling method provides the maximum specificity, sensitivity and resolution, with minimum nonspecific background. In this study we compared isotopic (35S) and non-isotopic (digoxigenin) labelling, using a variety of probes and paraffin-embedded tissues. The targets were human beta-actin and von Willebrand Factor mRNAs in archival human tissues; and mRNAs for two closely related trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides, TFF2 and TFF3, in rat duodenum. Patterns of localisation with both isotopic and non-isotopic probes were broadly similar for each target. The 35S labelling provided good contrast and sensitive detection under darkfield illumination, but the cellular or subcellular resolution of the target was less precise than that obtained with the digoxigenin-labelled probes in transmitted light. Digoxigenin labelling in individual cells was more clearly demonstrated, but occasionally the contrast of positive staining with background was poor. The sensitivity of each method appeared to be similar for these high-abundance targets, therefore the choice between isotopic and non-isotopic labels is dependent upon the aim of the study and the cellular resolution required.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Steel
- Histopathology Unit, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, UK
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Poulsom R, Longcroft JM, Jeffery RE, Rogers LA, Steel JH. A robust method for isotopic riboprobe in situ hybridisation to localise mRNAs in routine pathology specimens. Eur J Histochem 1998; 42:121-32. [PMID: 9728289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In situ Hybridisation (ISH) to detect mRNA is widely applicable to studies of human pathology and experimental models including transgenic mice, where it can provide crucial information as to where a gene is expressed, that is not available in other ways. ISH was used to establish that relatively high levels of expression of E-cadherin mRNA were associated with long-term survival in colorectal cancer, before suitable antisera became available. There is increasing awareness that ISH can be used to help select between candidate disease genes found at a linked locus, and that ISH can help validate therapeutic targets. For instance, when several closely related receptor genes are expressed in a tissue, it may be possible to determine which combinations are expressed together in a single cell type. These diverse applications demand a robust method that works on a variety of clinical and experimental materials, and is easily interpreted. To date, the ICRF in situ Hybridisation Service has hybridised over 30,000 sections of principally formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, with a high success rate. The practicalities of our preferred method are discussed and key steps for quality control highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Poulsom
- In Situ Hybridisation Service, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, UK.
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34
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Steel JH, Polak J. Introduction to functional anatomy of the pituitary gland and alterations in disease. Microsc Res Tech 1997; 39:97. [PMID: 9361261 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19971015)39:2<97::aid-jemt1>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Steel
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, UK
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Abstract
Prognosis of many tumour types is influenced by the degree of neuroendocrine differentiation. Neuroendocrine tumours produce bioactive peptides and amines that can have major disruptive effects on physiology. In the past, investigation of neuroendocrine pathology has relied upon traditional histological staining methods and morphological analysis at light and electron microscopic level. While these methods are still invaluable, the use of immunocytochemical techniques has revolutionised the diagnosis and understanding of neuroendocrine tumours, allowing precise identification of tumour types by means of antibodies to general neuroendocrine markers and tumour-specific antigens. However, the histogenesis/oncogenesis of neuroendocrine neoplasia cannot be understood by characterising the tumour products alone. Molecular technology has made possible investigation of gene expression by in situ hybridisation, electrophoresis and Northern or Southern blotting, and highly specific and sensitive techniques such as the polymerase chain reaction. Where gene expression and gene product storage are poorly correlated, molecular pathology provides vital information to aid diagnosis. Understanding of genetic factors involved in the familial neuroendocrine syndromes such as multiple neuroendocrine neoplasia (MEN) has improved. Oncogenes, tumour-suppressor genes and transcription factors have been identified. The factors controlling cell proliferation, growth and progression of tumours can be investigated at molecular level. Expression of amidating enzymes along with bioactive products including growth factors raises the question of whether tumour growth can be controlled or prevented by inhibition of amidating enzymes that activate the growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Steel
- Histopathology Unit, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, UK
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Abstract
Given the limited sensitivity of existing in situ hybridization methods for detecting specific nucleic acid sequences, amplification in situ by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) seems to be an attractive alternative. Recent studies using in situ PCR technology have not assessed the gain in signal strength that has been achieved, nor evaluated quantitatively the efficiency of amplification. An accompanying article in the current issue of the Journal examines the reproducibility and amplification efficiency of an RT-PCR in situ hybridization method that uses a sense probe, capable of detecting only amplified target sequences. The amplification procedure resulted in approximately 3-6-fold increased sensitivity that depended upon cell type and disease status.
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Steel JH, Martínez A, Springall DR, Treston AM, Cuttitta F, Polak JM. Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) immunoreactivity and messenger RNA in human pituitary and increased expression in pituitary tumours. Cell Tissue Res 1994; 276:197-207. [PMID: 8187161 DOI: 10.1007/bf00354800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity of many peptides depends upon post-translational alpha-amidation of inactive precursors by two enzyme activities known collectively as peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM). PAM enzymes are particularly abundant in the pituitary. The distribution of PAM immunoreactivity and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in the adult human pituitary and in pituitary tumours was investigated by use of immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridisation. Immunoreactivity was present in numerous cells of the anterior lobe: staining was intense in a proportion of gonadotrophs and folliculo-stellate cells, but weaker in the majority of somatotrophs and lactotrophs, a few corticotrophs and occasional thyrotrophs. PAM staining was also present in nerves, pituicytes and some endocrine cells within the posterior lobe (the human intermediate zone). Forty pituitary tumours of various types were immunoreactive for PAM; more intensely and uniformly stained than normal anterior lobe. In situ hybridisation with digoxigenin-labelled probes demonstrated intense labelling for PAM mRNA in numerous cells in normal anterior pituitary and in tumours. Many regulatory peptides that require amidation for activity, potential targets for PAM, are present in the pituitary. Many tumour growth factors also require amidation and PAM may regulate these mitogenic peptides in tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Steel
- Department of Histochemistry, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, UK
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Steel JH, Terenghi G, Chung JM, Na HS, Carlton SM, Polak JM. Increased nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in rat dorsal root ganglia in a neuropathic pain model. Neurosci Lett 1994; 169:81-4. [PMID: 7519340 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(94)90361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In rats, tight ligation of L5 and L6 spinal nerves produces symptoms of thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, mimicking the symptoms which characterise painful peripheral neuropathies in humans. Immunoreactivity for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was investigated in lumbar (L1, L4, L5 and L6) dorsal root ganglia from naive controls and from rats surviving for 3, 7, and 14 days after unilateral ligation of the L5 and L6 spinal nerves. Quantitative analysis revealed significant increases in the percentage of NOS-immunoreactive cell profiles in L5 and L6 ganglia on the operated side at all time points, with the number of labelled profiles increasing with time following ligation, but L1 and L4 ganglia were unaffected. These findings suggest that nitric oxide may have a role in the generation and/or maintenance of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Steel
- Department of Histochemistry, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, UK
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Steel JH, Gon G, Giaid A, O'Halloran DJ, Emson MA, Van Noorden S, Ghatei MA, Jones PM, Amara SG, Ishikawa H. Localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the rat and human pituitary gland using immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. CGRP expression during ontogeny and after endocrine manipulations. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992; 657:135-54. [PMID: 1637080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb22763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Steel
- Department of Histochemistry, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, England
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Steel JH, O'Halloran DJ, Emson MA, Van Noorden S, Bloom SR, Polak JM. Identification of bombesin-immunoreactive cells in rat, human, and other mammalian pituitaries, their ontogeny and the effect of endocrine manipulations in the rat. Endocrinology 1992; 130:2587-96. [PMID: 1572283 DOI: 10.1210/endo.130.5.1572283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bombesin and gastrin-releasing peptide are homologous peptides which have biological activity in mammals. The distribution of bombesin immunoreactivity in rat, guinea pig, cat, dog, pig, cow, monkey, and human pituitaries was investigated using immunocytochemistry with various different antisera. Polyclonal antisera identified bombesin-immunoreactive (IR) cells in the anterior pituitaries of all species except monkey and human, although positive nerves were present in the human posterior lobe. In contrast, a monoclonal antibody demonstrated bombesin-IR cells in anterior and intermediate lobe (or equivalent) of all species. Both types of antibodies identified the anterior pituitary cells as somatotrophs, which may be significant because bombesin and related peptides influence pituitary growth hormone secretion. Differences in bombesin immunoreactivity were seen in male and female rats, with males having more positive cells, and females showing more intense immunoreactivity in those cells which were positive. Ontogenetic studies in rats revealed that bombesin-IR cells were first seen at birth. The effect of estrogen on bombesin-IR cells was studied using ovariectomized and estrogen-treated female rats. Estrogen treatment decreased very significantly the number of bombesin-IR cells, compared with controls, whereas ovariectomy increased significantly the frequency of bombesin-IR cells, so that the staining pattern began to resemble that seen in normal male rats. No bombesin-IR cells were detected in pituitaries from thyroidectomized rats. These results suggest that immunoreactive bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide in the pituitary is modulated by endocrine status and this peptide may be involved in paracrine interactions in this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Steel
- Department of Histochemistry, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, England
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Jameson JL, Weiss J, Polak JM, Childs GV, Bloom SR, Steel JH, Capen CC, Prentice DE, Fetter AW, Langloss JM. Glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit-producing pituitary adenomas in rats treated for one year with calcitonin. Am J Pathol 1992; 140:75-84. [PMID: 1370597 PMCID: PMC1886263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Calcitonin, a calcium-lowering hormone, has been associated with an increased incidence of nonfunctioning pituitary tumors in rats. In this study, rats were treated with calcitonin (80 IU/kg/d) for 52 weeks. After treatment with calcitonin, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization analyses demonstrated that most pituitary tumors expressed the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit. Expression of the alpha-subunit was identified rarely in hyperplastic lesions of control animals. Serum levels of GH, PRL, ACTH, LH, and FSH were unchanged in calcitonin-treated rats relative to controls. However, TSH levels were increased 2.1 fold after chronic treatment with calcitonin in both male and female rats (P less than 0.001). The level of glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit was markedly increased (20-fold) in male rats with smaller elevations in female rats. Time course studies demonstrated that increases in serum alpha-subunit levels could be detected by 24 weeks of treatment and that elevations in alpha-subunit were present in the majority of animals by 40 weeks of treatment with calcitonin. The authors conclude that high doses of calcitonin, administered to rats for 6 months or longer, increases the incidence of alpha-subunit-producing pituitary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Jameson
- Thyroid Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114
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Jagoe R, Steel JH, Vucicevic V, Alexander N, Van Noorden S, Wootton R, Polak JM. Observer variation in quantification of immunocytochemistry by image analysis. Histochem J 1991; 23:541-7. [PMID: 1724237 DOI: 10.1007/bf01041181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the findings of a study designed to examine observer variation as a source of inaccuracy inherent in the use of computer-assisted image analysis to measure areas of stained tissue. The rat pituitary immunostained for prolactin and galanin was used as an example to estimate patterns of immunoreactivity exhibited by different cell types. Six observers, with differing experience, selected grey level threshold values on 40 fields of images of stained tissue making three repeats of each field. The 40 fields consisted of 20 serial pairs of colocalized fields, one immunostained for prolactin, the other for galanin. The 20 pairs consisted of four pairs from each of five animals. Analysis of observer variation in the selection of threshold values showed large differences in the within- and between-observer variation. Analysis of the components of variance in the estimation of the ratios of stained tissues showed that the major source of variation was the within-observer component. An additional experiment using two observers, where half of the images were compared to the original microscope images before setting threshold levels, showed that the opportunity to make a comparison did not reduce observer variation. It is suggested that any study which uses semi-automatic methods to segment regions of a digital image can benefit from an analysis of this kind so that the sources of variation can be determined to enable maximum discriminating power in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jagoe
- Department of Medical Physics, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London
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Gon G, Giaid A, Steel JH, O'Halloran DJ, Van Noorden S, Ghatei MA, Jones PM, Amara SG, Ishikawa H, Bloom SR. Localization of immunoreactivity for calcitonin gene-related peptide in the rat anterior pituitary during ontogeny and gonadal steroid manipulations and detection of its messenger ribonucleic acid. Endocrinology 1990; 127:2618-29. [PMID: 2249617 DOI: 10.1210/endo-127-6-2618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in the rat anterior pituitary and its changes during ontogeny and after gonadal steroid manipulations were studied by immunocytochemistry, RIA, and in situ hybridization. Colocalization studies and the combined use of immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization revealed that CGRP immunoreactivity is localized mainly in gonadotropes and alpha- and beta-CGRP messenger RNAs were detected in CGRP-immunoreactive cells. Immunoreactivity for CGRP also was detected in nerve fibers and colocalized with substance P immunoreactivity. Cells immunoreactive to CGRP antiserum were first detected in fetal rats at gestational day 18, and the incidence considerably increased between postnatal days 5 and 14. CGRP immunoreactivity was low in control adults of both sexes and in pregnant and ovariectomized females but increased in lactating, estrogen-supplemented ovariectomized and high-dose estrogen-treated females, and in high-dose estrogen-treated and castrated males. Testosterone supplement suppressed the effect of castration on CGRP immunoreactivity in males. Quantities of extractable immunoreactive CGRP under conditions of estrogen manipulation corresponded well to the immunocytochemical findings (females: controls, 96.4 +/- 13.1 fmol/gland; ovariectomized, 107.6 +/- 19.2; high-dose estrogen-treated, 212 +/- 23.0; estrogen-supplemented ovariectomized, 680 +/- 42.1). The present study suggests that pituitary CGRP is synthesized and stored in gonadotropes, is modulated by gonadal steroids, and may have a functional link with gonadotropins.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gon
- Department of Histochemistry, Royal Postgraduate Medical School Hammersmith Hospital, London, England
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Affiliation(s)
- D J O'Halloran
- Department of Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Steel JH, O'Halloran DJ, Jones PM, Van Noorden S, Chin WW, Bloom SR, Polak JM. Combined use of immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization to study beta thyroid-stimulating hormone gene expression in pituitaries of hypothyroid rats. Mol Cell Probes 1990; 4:385-96. [PMID: 2280783 DOI: 10.1016/0890-8508(90)90029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to demonstrate beta thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) immunoreactivity and beta TSH messenger RNA (mRNA) in the same tissue section of rat pituitary. Sections (10 micronsP of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed pituitaries from surgically thyroidectomized and intact male rats were first hybridized with a 32P-labelled complementary RNA beta TSH probe and were then immunostained for beta TSH. In both sets of animals beta TSH mRNA and beta TSH immunoreactivity were simultaneously localized to many thyrotrophs, although there was considerable heterogeneity in mRNA labelling intensity between individual cells. In hypothyroid rats more cells were positive with both probe and antiserum, and the intensity of mRNA labelling in most quantified by direct apposition of hybridized sections to autoradiography film, and the image grey levels were measured using an image analyser to convert them into equivalent amounts of radioactivity. In hypothyroid rats this amount was 22 times greater than in controls (control 4.77 +/- 0.84 attomoles mm-2; hypothyroid 107.06 +/- 14.2 attomoles mm-2; mean +/- SEM p less than 0.001). In situ hybridization has been used in combination with immunocytochemistry, to demonstrate beta TSH and mRNA and immunoreactivity at a cellular level in rats with different thyroid status.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Steel
- Department of Histochemistry, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London
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Abstract
Galanin is widely distributed throughout the rat neural and endocrine system. The highest concentrations are found in the anterior pituitary, and it can influence classical pituitary hormone secretion. The effects of endocrine manipulation on pituitary galanin content, mRNA, and immunostaining have been investigated in the rat. In females, medical (39 +/- 4 fmol/gland), surgical (33 +/- 2), or combined (28 +/- 6) castration resulted in a highly significant decrease in galanin content (control, 223 +/- 14; P less than 0.0001). Estrogen in physiological and pharmacological doses produced a significant increase in galanin content (368 +/- 14 and 373 +/- 13, respectively; P less than 0.01) associated with an increase in galanin mRNA content. In the male, high dose dexamethasone and thyroidectomy caused a fall in galanin content, while galanin mRNA levels showed a rise and fall, respectively. Adrenalectomy caused a rise in galanin content, while adrenalectomy and castration produced a dramatic decrease in tissue galanin content. No change in galanin mRNA was observed in these groups. Galanin immunostaining paralleled the results of tissue content in all groups examined, except in the medically castrated group, in which there was some intragroup variation in staining patterns. In normal and high-dose estrogen-treated females, galanin expression was seen mainly in lactotrophs, with a small number of somatotrophs and thyrotrophs staining. In the male, galanin expression was confined to somatotrophs and thyrotrophs. Galanin mRNA was localized at the cellular level by in situ hybridization. In the normal pituitary only scattered lactotrophs contained message, while in high-dose estrogen-treated animals the number of positive cells, mostly lactotrophs, was vastly increased. Thus, the cellular localization of galanin immunostaining varies between the sexes. Galanin peptide and mRNA levels in the pituitary are powerfully influenced by endocrine status.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J O'Halloran
- Department of Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Steel JH, Gon G, O'Halloran DJ, Jones PM, Yanaihara N, Ishikawa H, Bloom SR, Polak JM. Galanin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide are colocalised with classical pituitary hormones and show plasticity of expression. Histochemistry 1989; 93:183-9. [PMID: 2482279 DOI: 10.1007/bf00315973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The identity of galanin- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-(VIP) immunoreactive (IR) cells in the rat anterior pituitary was investigated using immunocytochemistry and, since levels of both peptides are stimulated by oestrogen, the effect of oestrogen treatment and gonadectomy on the expression of both peptides was examined. In normal male rats, few galanin-IR and very few VIP-IR cells were found. Colocalisation studies performed on 2-microns serial paraffin sections revealed that in these animals galanin IR was present in somatotrophs and thyrotrophs. In normal females in dioestrus many lactotrophs, in addition to somatotrophs and thyrotrophs, expressed galanin, but very few VIP-IR cells were seen. In cryostat sections of normal rat pituitaries, slightly more VIP-IR cells were present. Oestrogen treatment in females produced an increase in frequency of galanin-IR cells, the vast majority of which were lactotrophs, and more VIP-IR cells, identified as lactotrophs, also appeared. VIP was present in a subset of galanin-IR lactotrophs after oestrogen treatment. After ovariectomy female pituitaries resembled those of normal males, with few galanin positive cells none of which were lactotrophs, and hardly any VIP-IR cells. Thus these two peptides are present in specific endocrine cell types of rat anterior pituitary and display plasticity of expression in different cell types under the influence of oestrogen. Their roles in control of pituitary hormone secretion are supported by these findings, and it is possible that both peptides act in a paracrine fashion within the pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Steel
- Department of Histochemistry, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, England
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Kar S, Bretherton-Watt D, Gibson SJ, Steel JH, Gentleman SM, Roberts GW, Valentino K, Tatemoto K, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. Novel peptide pancreastatin: its occurrence and codistribution with chromogranin A in the central nervous system of the pig. J Comp Neurol 1989; 288:627-39. [PMID: 2808753 DOI: 10.1002/cne.902880409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of pancreastatin immunoreactivity was investigated in porcine brain, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, and pituitary. In the brain, immunoreactive cell bodies were present in many areas including the cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, mesencephalic reticular formation, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. Immunoreactive fibres were most abundant in the globus pallidus, stria terminalis, entopeduncular nucleus, hippocampus, and in the substantia nigra. In the spinal cord, immunoreactive cells were found in laminae IV-IX. Immunoreactive fibres were concentrated in the dorsal horn. Pancreastatin immunoreactivity was localised to fibres and small cells (5-10% of the total) in the dorsal root ganglia. In the posterior pituitary, many immunoreactive fibres were present and in the anterior lobe subsets of gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs were pancreastatin-immunoreactive. The localisation of pancreastatin showed a parallel distribution with chromogranin A. Coexistence of pancreastatin with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity in cell bodies in the spinal cord, including motoneurones, and with CGRP or galanin immunoreactivities in dorsal root ganglion cells was also noted. The differential pattern of pancreastatin immunostaining was reflected in the extractable levels of peptide with highest concentrations in the cortex (55.8 +/- 6.0 pmol/g wet weight, mean +/- S.E.M.), thalamus (60.0 +/- 5.0 pmol/g), hypothalamus (54.4 +/- 6.5 pmol/g), and anterior pituitary (2,714 +/- 380 pmol/g). Characterisation of pancreastatin immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus and pituitary by gel permeation and high-pressure liquid chromatography revealed multiple molecular forms, one of which was indistinguishable from natural porcine pancreastatin. The widespread distribution of pancreastatin immunoreactivity suggests this peptide may play a part in several neuroendocrine, autonomic, somatic, and sensory functions, and its colocalisation with chromogranin A is consistent with a precursor-product relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kar
- Department of Histochemistry, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, England
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Domin J, Steel JH, Adolphus N, Burrin JM, Leonhardt U, Polak JM, Bloom SR. The anterior pituitary content of neuromedin U-like immunoreactivity is altered by thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and thyroid hormone status in the rat. J Endocrinol 1989; 122:471-6. [PMID: 2570117 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1220471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study we have examined the effects of TRH, thyroid hormones and dopamine on the rat anterior pituitary content of neuromedin U-like immunoreactivity. Oral administration of TRH (20 mg/100 g per day) to euthyroid animals evoked a fivefold increase in peptide content after 12 days of treatment. This effect was found to be dependent upon circulating levels of thyroid hormone, since administration of TRH to thyroidectomized animals failed to show a similar effect without simultaneous treatment with tri-iodothyronine. The possibility that the TRH-induced increase in anterior lobe neuromedin U content reflected alterations in prolactin secretion or synthetic rate was also examined. Treatment of euthyroid animals with a dopamine agonist and antagonist was, however, without effect. These results demonstrate a unique relationship between TRH and thyroid hormone levels in increasing the anterior lobe content of neuromedin U immunoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Domin
- Department of Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London
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Bishop AE, Sekiya K, Salahuddin MJ, Carlei F, Rindi G, Fahey M, Steel JH, Hedges M, Domoto T, Fischer-Colbrie R. The distribution of GAWK-like immunoreactivity in neuroendocrine cells of the human gut, pancreas, adrenal and pituitary glands and its co-localisation with chromogranin B. Histochemistry 1989; 90:475-83. [PMID: 2715054 DOI: 10.1007/bf00494359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
GAWK is a recently discovered peptide isolated from extracts of human pituitary gland and subsequently shown to be identical to sequence 420-493 of human chromogranin B. The distribution of this peptide was studied in human gut, pancreas, adrenal and pituitary glands using antisera to two portions of the 74 amino acid peptide (sequences 1-17 and 20-38). In addition, the co-existence of GAWK immunoreactivity with other peptides and chromogranin B was investigated using comparative immunocytochemistry. In the gut, GAWK was localised mainly to serotonin-containing cells of the mucosal epithelium, where electron microscopy showed it to be stored in typical electron-dense (250 nm diameter) granules, and to a moderate population of nerve fibres in the gut wall. Considerable quantities of GAWK-like immunoreactivity were measured in the gut, up to 36.3 +/- 18 pmol GAWK 1-17/g wet weight of tissue (mean +/- SEM) and 12.4 +/- 2.9 pmol GAWK 20-38/g. Chromatography of gut extracts revealed several GAWK-like immunoreactive peaks. GAWK-like immunoreactivity was also detected in endocrine cells of pancreas, pituitary gland and adrenal medulla, where the highest concentrations of GAWK-like immunoreactivity were measured (GAWK 1-17 2071.8 +/- 873.2 and GAWK 20-38 1292.7 +/- 542.7 pmol/g). Endocrine cells containing GAWK-like immunoreactivity were found also to be immunoreactive for chromogranin B. Our results define a discrete distribution of GAWK immunoreactivity in human endocrine cells and nerves and provide morphological support for the postulated precursor-product relationship between chromogranin B and GAWK. Details of the functions of this peptide are awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Bishop
- Department of Histochemistry, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, England
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