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Ryujin D, Dalton D, Yole-Lobe M, DiBiase M, Phelps P, Madden A, Clark J, Barry CL, Rodriguez JE, Honda T. Implicit Association Test Alone Is Not Sufficient to Increase Underrepresented Minority Representation in Physician Assistant Programs. J Physician Assist Educ 2023; 34:295-300. [PMID: 37467215 DOI: 10.1097/jpa.0000000000000523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physician assistant (PA) program matriculants are consistently less diverse than the US population. This study evaluates whether administration of an Implicit Association Test (IAT) to PA program admission committees is associated with changes in the likelihood of (1) receiving an admission interview, (2) receiving an offer of admission, and (3) matriculation of individuals underrepresented in medicine (URiM). METHODS Admission committees from 4 PA programs participated in an IAT before the 2019/2020 admissions cycle. Applicant outcome data (n = 5796) were compared with 2018/2019 cycle (n = 6346). Likelihood of URiM students receiving offers to interview, offers of admission, and matriculation were evaluated using random effects multiple logistic regression models. Fully adjusted random effects models included URiM status, year (control vs. intervention), multiplicative interaction terms between URiM and year, applicant age, and undergraduate grade point average (GPA) Secondary analyses examined associations of each race/ethnicity individually. RESULTS Underrepresented in medicine status, age, and GPA were significantly associated with all admission outcomes ( P < .05). The intervention effect was not statistically significant. In sensitivity analyses examining each individual race rather than URiM status, our results did not importantly differ. CONCLUSION Findings suggest admission committee member participation in IAT before admissions had no significant impact on the likelihood of admission of URiM students. This may suggest that making individuals aware of their implicit biases is not, in and of itself, sufficient to meaningfully affect the diversity of PA program admission metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darin Ryujin
- Darin Ryujin, MS, MPAS, is an associate professor, Associate Chair for Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Doris Dalton, MPA, is a director of admissions, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Menerva Yole-Lobe, MPAS, is an assistant professor, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Michelle DiBiase, DHSc, is a professor, chair and program director, Department of Physician Assistant Studies, AT Still University, Mesa, Arizona
- Paula Phelps, MHE, MPAS, is a professor, associate program director, Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho
- Ann Madden, MHS, is an associate clinical professor, director of clinical education Drexel University Physician Assistant Program, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Jon Clark, MBA, is an assistant director, Operations, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Carey L Barry, MHS, is a department chair, associate clinical professor, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- José E. Rodriguez, MD, is an associate vice president, Office for Health Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, University of Utah Health. Salt Lake City, Utah
- Trenton Honda, PhD, MMS, is a clinical professor, associate dean, School of Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Doris Dalton
- Darin Ryujin, MS, MPAS, is an associate professor, Associate Chair for Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Doris Dalton, MPA, is a director of admissions, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Menerva Yole-Lobe, MPAS, is an assistant professor, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Michelle DiBiase, DHSc, is a professor, chair and program director, Department of Physician Assistant Studies, AT Still University, Mesa, Arizona
- Paula Phelps, MHE, MPAS, is a professor, associate program director, Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho
- Ann Madden, MHS, is an associate clinical professor, director of clinical education Drexel University Physician Assistant Program, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Jon Clark, MBA, is an assistant director, Operations, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Carey L Barry, MHS, is a department chair, associate clinical professor, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- José E. Rodriguez, MD, is an associate vice president, Office for Health Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, University of Utah Health. Salt Lake City, Utah
- Trenton Honda, PhD, MMS, is a clinical professor, associate dean, School of Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Menerva Yole-Lobe
- Darin Ryujin, MS, MPAS, is an associate professor, Associate Chair for Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Doris Dalton, MPA, is a director of admissions, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Menerva Yole-Lobe, MPAS, is an assistant professor, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Michelle DiBiase, DHSc, is a professor, chair and program director, Department of Physician Assistant Studies, AT Still University, Mesa, Arizona
- Paula Phelps, MHE, MPAS, is a professor, associate program director, Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho
- Ann Madden, MHS, is an associate clinical professor, director of clinical education Drexel University Physician Assistant Program, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Jon Clark, MBA, is an assistant director, Operations, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Carey L Barry, MHS, is a department chair, associate clinical professor, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- José E. Rodriguez, MD, is an associate vice president, Office for Health Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, University of Utah Health. Salt Lake City, Utah
- Trenton Honda, PhD, MMS, is a clinical professor, associate dean, School of Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle DiBiase
- Darin Ryujin, MS, MPAS, is an associate professor, Associate Chair for Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Doris Dalton, MPA, is a director of admissions, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Menerva Yole-Lobe, MPAS, is an assistant professor, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Michelle DiBiase, DHSc, is a professor, chair and program director, Department of Physician Assistant Studies, AT Still University, Mesa, Arizona
- Paula Phelps, MHE, MPAS, is a professor, associate program director, Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho
- Ann Madden, MHS, is an associate clinical professor, director of clinical education Drexel University Physician Assistant Program, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Jon Clark, MBA, is an assistant director, Operations, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Carey L Barry, MHS, is a department chair, associate clinical professor, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- José E. Rodriguez, MD, is an associate vice president, Office for Health Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, University of Utah Health. Salt Lake City, Utah
- Trenton Honda, PhD, MMS, is a clinical professor, associate dean, School of Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paula Phelps
- Darin Ryujin, MS, MPAS, is an associate professor, Associate Chair for Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Doris Dalton, MPA, is a director of admissions, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Menerva Yole-Lobe, MPAS, is an assistant professor, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Michelle DiBiase, DHSc, is a professor, chair and program director, Department of Physician Assistant Studies, AT Still University, Mesa, Arizona
- Paula Phelps, MHE, MPAS, is a professor, associate program director, Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho
- Ann Madden, MHS, is an associate clinical professor, director of clinical education Drexel University Physician Assistant Program, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Jon Clark, MBA, is an assistant director, Operations, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Carey L Barry, MHS, is a department chair, associate clinical professor, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- José E. Rodriguez, MD, is an associate vice president, Office for Health Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, University of Utah Health. Salt Lake City, Utah
- Trenton Honda, PhD, MMS, is a clinical professor, associate dean, School of Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ann Madden
- Darin Ryujin, MS, MPAS, is an associate professor, Associate Chair for Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Doris Dalton, MPA, is a director of admissions, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Menerva Yole-Lobe, MPAS, is an assistant professor, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Michelle DiBiase, DHSc, is a professor, chair and program director, Department of Physician Assistant Studies, AT Still University, Mesa, Arizona
- Paula Phelps, MHE, MPAS, is a professor, associate program director, Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho
- Ann Madden, MHS, is an associate clinical professor, director of clinical education Drexel University Physician Assistant Program, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Jon Clark, MBA, is an assistant director, Operations, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Carey L Barry, MHS, is a department chair, associate clinical professor, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- José E. Rodriguez, MD, is an associate vice president, Office for Health Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, University of Utah Health. Salt Lake City, Utah
- Trenton Honda, PhD, MMS, is a clinical professor, associate dean, School of Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jon Clark
- Darin Ryujin, MS, MPAS, is an associate professor, Associate Chair for Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Doris Dalton, MPA, is a director of admissions, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Menerva Yole-Lobe, MPAS, is an assistant professor, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Michelle DiBiase, DHSc, is a professor, chair and program director, Department of Physician Assistant Studies, AT Still University, Mesa, Arizona
- Paula Phelps, MHE, MPAS, is a professor, associate program director, Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho
- Ann Madden, MHS, is an associate clinical professor, director of clinical education Drexel University Physician Assistant Program, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Jon Clark, MBA, is an assistant director, Operations, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Carey L Barry, MHS, is a department chair, associate clinical professor, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- José E. Rodriguez, MD, is an associate vice president, Office for Health Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, University of Utah Health. Salt Lake City, Utah
- Trenton Honda, PhD, MMS, is a clinical professor, associate dean, School of Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carey L Barry
- Darin Ryujin, MS, MPAS, is an associate professor, Associate Chair for Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Doris Dalton, MPA, is a director of admissions, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Menerva Yole-Lobe, MPAS, is an assistant professor, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Michelle DiBiase, DHSc, is a professor, chair and program director, Department of Physician Assistant Studies, AT Still University, Mesa, Arizona
- Paula Phelps, MHE, MPAS, is a professor, associate program director, Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho
- Ann Madden, MHS, is an associate clinical professor, director of clinical education Drexel University Physician Assistant Program, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Jon Clark, MBA, is an assistant director, Operations, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Carey L Barry, MHS, is a department chair, associate clinical professor, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- José E. Rodriguez, MD, is an associate vice president, Office for Health Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, University of Utah Health. Salt Lake City, Utah
- Trenton Honda, PhD, MMS, is a clinical professor, associate dean, School of Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - José E Rodriguez
- Darin Ryujin, MS, MPAS, is an associate professor, Associate Chair for Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Doris Dalton, MPA, is a director of admissions, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Menerva Yole-Lobe, MPAS, is an assistant professor, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Michelle DiBiase, DHSc, is a professor, chair and program director, Department of Physician Assistant Studies, AT Still University, Mesa, Arizona
- Paula Phelps, MHE, MPAS, is a professor, associate program director, Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho
- Ann Madden, MHS, is an associate clinical professor, director of clinical education Drexel University Physician Assistant Program, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Jon Clark, MBA, is an assistant director, Operations, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Carey L Barry, MHS, is a department chair, associate clinical professor, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- José E. Rodriguez, MD, is an associate vice president, Office for Health Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, University of Utah Health. Salt Lake City, Utah
- Trenton Honda, PhD, MMS, is a clinical professor, associate dean, School of Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Trenton Honda
- Darin Ryujin, MS, MPAS, is an associate professor, Associate Chair for Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Doris Dalton, MPA, is a director of admissions, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Menerva Yole-Lobe, MPAS, is an assistant professor, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Michelle DiBiase, DHSc, is a professor, chair and program director, Department of Physician Assistant Studies, AT Still University, Mesa, Arizona
- Paula Phelps, MHE, MPAS, is a professor, associate program director, Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho
- Ann Madden, MHS, is an associate clinical professor, director of clinical education Drexel University Physician Assistant Program, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Jon Clark, MBA, is an assistant director, Operations, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Carey L Barry, MHS, is a department chair, associate clinical professor, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- José E. Rodriguez, MD, is an associate vice president, Office for Health Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, University of Utah Health. Salt Lake City, Utah
- Trenton Honda, PhD, MMS, is a clinical professor, associate dean, School of Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
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