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McWhinney SR, Abé C, Alda M, Benedetti F, Bøen E, del Mar Bonnin C, Borgers T, Brosch K, Canales-Rodríguez EJ, Cannon DM, Dannlowski U, Diaz-Zuluaga AM, Dietze LM, Elvsåshagen T, Eyler LT, Fullerton JM, Goikolea JM, Goltermann J, Grotegerd D, Haarman BCM, Hahn T, Howells FM, Ingvar M, Jahanshad N, Kircher TTJ, Krug A, Kuplicki RT, Landén M, Lemke H, Liberg B, Lopez-Jaramillo C, Malt UF, Martyn FM, Mazza E, McDonald C, McPhilemy G, Meier S, Meinert S, Meller T, Melloni EMT, Mitchell PB, Nabulsi L, Nenadic I, Opel N, Ophoff RA, Overs BJ, Pfarr JK, Pineda-Zapata JA, Pomarol-Clotet E, Raduà J, Repple J, Richter M, Ringwald KG, Roberts G, Ross A, Salvador R, Savitz J, Schmitt S, Schofield PR, Sim K, Stein DJ, Stein F, Temmingh HS, Thiel K, Thomopoulos SI, van Haren NEM, Vargas C, Vieta E, Vreeker A, Waltemate L, Yatham LN, Ching CRK, Andreassen OA, Thompson PM, Hajek T. Mega-analysis of association between obesity and cortical morphology in bipolar disorders: ENIGMA study in 2832 participants. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1-11. [PMID: 36846964 PMCID: PMC10600817 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is highly prevalent and disabling, especially in individuals with severe mental illness including bipolar disorders (BD). The brain is a target organ for both obesity and BD. Yet, we do not understand how cortical brain alterations in BD and obesity interact. METHODS We obtained body mass index (BMI) and MRI-derived regional cortical thickness, surface area from 1231 BD and 1601 control individuals from 13 countries within the ENIGMA-BD Working Group. We jointly modeled the statistical effects of BD and BMI on brain structure using mixed effects and tested for interaction and mediation. We also investigated the impact of medications on the BMI-related associations. RESULTS BMI and BD additively impacted the structure of many of the same brain regions. Both BMI and BD were negatively associated with cortical thickness, but not surface area. In most regions the number of jointly used psychiatric medication classes remained associated with lower cortical thickness when controlling for BMI. In a single region, fusiform gyrus, about a third of the negative association between number of jointly used psychiatric medications and cortical thickness was mediated by association between the number of medications and higher BMI. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed consistent associations between higher BMI and lower cortical thickness, but not surface area, across the cerebral mantle, in regions which were also associated with BD. Higher BMI in people with BD indicated more pronounced brain alterations. BMI is important for understanding the neuroanatomical changes in BD and the effects of psychiatric medications on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Abé
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Erlend Bøen
- Unit for Psychosomatics/CL Outpatient Clinic for Adults, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caterina del Mar Bonnin
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tiana Borgers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Dara M. Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ana M. Diaz-Zuluaga
- Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa T. Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Desert-Pacific MIRECC, VA San Diego Healthcare, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Janice M. Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jose M. Goikolea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janik Goltermann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Bartholomeus C. M. Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Fleur M. Howells
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin Ingvar
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Tilo T. J. Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannah Lemke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Benny Liberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo
- Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ulrik F. Malt
- Unit for Psychosomatics/CL Outpatient Clinic for Adults, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fiona M. Martyn
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elena Mazza
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Genevieve McPhilemy
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sandra Meier
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tina Meller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elisa M. T. Melloni
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Philip B. Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leila Nabulsi
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Igor Nenadic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Roel A. Ophoff
- UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Julia-Katharina Pfarr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julian A. Pineda-Zapata
- Research Group, Instituto de Alta Tecnología Médica, Ayudas diagnósticas SURA, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | - Joaquim Raduà
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Psychiartry, King's College Londen, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maike Richter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kai G. Ringwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gloria Roberts
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alex Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Simon Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Henk S. Temmingh
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katharina Thiel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sophia I. Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Neeltje E. M. van Haren
- Department of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cristian Vargas
- Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annabel Vreeker
- Department of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Waltemate
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Christopher R. K. Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Tomas Hajek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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Patel Y, Shin J, Abé C, Agartz I, Alloza C, Alnæs D, Ambrogi S, Antonucci LA, Arango C, Arolt V, Auzias G, Ayesa-Arriola R, Banaj N, Banaschewski T, Bandeira C, Başgöze Z, Cupertino RB, Bau CHD, Bauer J, Baumeister S, Bernardoni F, Bertolino A, Bonnin CDM, Brandeis D, Brem S, Bruggemann J, Bülow R, Bustillo JR, Calderoni S, Calvo R, Canales-Rodríguez EJ, Cannon DM, Carmona S, Carr VJ, Catts SV, Chenji S, Chew QH, Coghill D, Connolly CG, Conzelmann A, Craven AR, Crespo-Facorro B, Cullen K, Dahl A, Dannlowski U, Davey CG, Deruelle C, Díaz-Caneja CM, Dohm K, Ehrlich S, Epstein J, Erwin-Grabner T, Eyler LT, Fedor J, Fitzgerald J, Foran W, Ford JM, Fortea L, Fuentes-Claramonte P, Fullerton J, Furlong L, Gallagher L, Gao B, Gao S, Goikolea JM, Gotlib I, Goya-Maldonado R, Grabe HJ, Green M, Grevet EH, Groenewold NA, Grotegerd D, Gruber O, Haavik J, Hahn T, Harrison BJ, Heindel W, Henskens F, Heslenfeld DJ, Hilland E, Hoekstra PJ, Hohmann S, Holz N, Howells FM, Ipser JC, Jahanshad N, Jakobi B, Jansen A, Janssen J, Jonassen R, Kaiser A, Kaleda V, Karantonis J, King JA, Kircher T, Kochunov P, Koopowitz SM, Landén M, Landrø NI, Lawrie S, Lebedeva I, Luna B, Lundervold AJ, MacMaster FP, Maglanoc LA, Mathalon DH, McDonald C, McIntosh A, Meinert S, Michie PT, Mitchell P, Moreno-Alcázar A, Mowry B, Muratori F, Nabulsi L, Nenadić I, O'Gorman Tuura R, Oosterlaan J, Overs B, Pantelis C, Parellada M, Pariente JC, Pauli P, Pergola G, Piarulli FM, Picon F, Piras F, Pomarol-Clotet E, Pretus C, Quidé Y, Radua J, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Rasser PE, Reif A, Retico A, Roberts G, Rossell S, Rovaris DL, Rubia K, Sacchet M, Salavert J, Salvador R, Sarró S, Sawa A, Schall U, Scott R, Selvaggi P, Silk T, Sim K, Skoch A, Spalletta G, Spaniel F, Stein DJ, Steinsträter O, Stolicyn A, Takayanagi Y, Tamm L, Tavares M, Teumer A, Thiel K, Thomopoulos SI, Tomecek D, Tomyshev AS, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Tosetti M, Uhlmann A, Van Rheenen T, Vazquez-Bourgón J, Vernooij MW, Vieta E, Vilarroya O, Weickert C, Weickert T, Westlye LT, Whalley H, Willinger D, Winter A, Wittfeld K, Yang TT, Yoncheva Y, Zijlmans JL, Hoogman M, Franke B, van Rooij D, Buitelaar J, Ching CRK, Andreassen OA, Pozzi E, Veltman D, Schmaal L, van Erp TGM, Turner J, Castellanos FX, Pausova Z, Thompson P, Paus T. Virtual Ontogeny of Cortical Growth Preceding Mental Illness. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:299-313. [PMID: 35489875 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morphology of the human cerebral cortex differs across psychiatric disorders, with neurobiology and developmental origins mostly undetermined. Deviations in the tangential growth of the cerebral cortex during pre/perinatal periods may be reflected in individual variations in cortical surface area later in life. METHODS Interregional profiles of group differences in surface area between cases and controls were generated using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging from 27,359 individuals including those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and high general psychopathology (through the Child Behavior Checklist). Similarity of interregional profiles of group differences in surface area and prenatal cell-specific gene expression was assessed. RESULTS Across the 11 cortical regions, group differences in cortical area for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and Child Behavior Checklist were dominant in multimodal association cortices. The same interregional profiles were also associated with interregional profiles of (prenatal) gene expression specific to proliferative cells, namely radial glia and intermediate progenitor cells (greater expression, larger difference), as well as differentiated cells, namely excitatory neurons and endothelial and mural cells (greater expression, smaller difference). Finally, these cell types were implicated in known pre/perinatal risk factors for psychosis. Genes coexpressed with radial glia were enriched with genes implicated in congenital abnormalities, birth weight, hypoxia, and starvation. Genes coexpressed with endothelial and mural genes were enriched with genes associated with maternal hypertension and preterm birth. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a neurodevelopmental model of vulnerability to mental illness whereby prenatal risk factors acting through cell-specific processes lead to deviations from typical brain development during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Patel
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children and Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christoph Abé
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Clara Alloza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sonia Ambrogi
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda A Antonucci
- Departments of Education Science, Psychology, Communication Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Volker Arolt
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Guillaume Auzias
- National Centre for Scientific Research, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Department of Psychiatry, Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cibele Bandeira
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Zeynep Başgöze
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Claiton H D Bau
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jochen Bauer
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sarah Baumeister
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fabio Bernardoni
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Del Mar Bonnin
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Silvia Brem
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Robin Bülow
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Juan R Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosa Calvo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Dara M Cannon
- Clinical Neuroimaging Lab, Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics, Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Susanna Carmona
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Stanley V Catts
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sneha Chenji
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qian Hui Chew
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Coghill
- Department of Paediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Colm G Connolly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Annette Conzelmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander R Craven
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, CIBERSAM, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Kathryn Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christopher G Davey
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Christine Deruelle
- National Centre for Scientific Research, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Katharina Dohm
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Jeffery Epstein
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tracy Erwin-Grabner
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lisa T Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Jennifer Fedor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacqueline Fitzgerald
- Trinity Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Judith M Ford
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Lydia Fortea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Lisa Furlong
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bingchen Gao
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Si Gao
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jose M Goikolea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ian Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Roberto Goya-Maldonado
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Eugenio H Grevet
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ben J Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Walter Heindel
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frans Henskens
- School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dirk J Heslenfeld
- Experimental and Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Hilland
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nathalie Holz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fleur M Howells
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan C Ipser
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Babette Jakobi
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Core Facility Brain imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Joost Janssen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rune Jonassen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Kaiser
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - James Karantonis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Joseph A King
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry, Marburg University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sheri-Michelle Koopowitz
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mikael Landén
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Stephen Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank P MacMaster
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luigi A Maglanoc
- Department for Data Capture and Collections Management, University Center for Information Technology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Colm McDonald
- Galway Neuroscience Centre, Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics, Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Patricia T Michie
- School of Psychology, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Ana Moreno-Alcázar
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bryan Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leila Nabulsi
- Clinical Neuroimaging Lab, Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics, Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mara Parellada
- School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose C Pariente
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging core facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Piarulli
- Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Felipe Picon
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Clara Pretus
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, CIBERSAM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul E Rasser
- Priority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt-Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Susan Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diego Luiz Rovaris
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katya Rubia
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Sacchet
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Josep Salavert
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Akira Sawa
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ulrich Schall
- Priority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pierluigi Selvaggi
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Tim Silk
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonin Skoch
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Filip Spaniel
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Olaf Steinsträter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Aleks Stolicyn
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yoichiro Takayanagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Leanne Tamm
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Maria Tavares
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Thiel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California
| | - David Tomecek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | | | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Michela Tosetti
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Magnetic Resonance, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Tamsyn Van Rheenen
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Javier Vazquez-Bourgón
- Department of Psychiatry, Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Vilarroya
- Department of Psychiatry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Cynthia Weickert
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heather Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Willinger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Winter
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tony T Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Jendé L Zijlmans
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elena Pozzi
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dick Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | | | | | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children and Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Tomas Paus
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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McWhinney SR, Abé C, Alda M, Benedetti F, Bøen E, del Mar Bonnin C, Borgers T, Brosch K, Canales-Rodríguez EJ, Cannon DM, Dannlowski U, Diaz-Zuluaga AM, Lorielle Dietze, Elvsåshagen T, Eyler LT, Fullerton JM, Goikolea JM, Goltermann J, Grotegerd D, Haarman BCM, Hahn T, Howells FM, Ingvar M, Kircher TTJ, Krug A, Kuplicki RT, Landén M, Lemke H, Liberg B, Lopez-Jaramillo C, Malt UF, Martyn FM, Mazza E, McDonald C, McPhilemy G, Meier S, Meinert S, Meller T, Melloni EMT, Mitchell PB, Nabulsi L, Nenadic I, Opel N, Ophoff RA, Overs BJ, Pfarr JK, Pineda-Zapata JA, Pomarol-Clotet E, Raduà J, Repple J, Richter M, Ringwald KG, Roberts G, Ross A, Salvador R, Savitz J, Schmitt S, Schofield PR, Sim K, Stein DJ, Stein F, Temmingh HS, Thiel K, Thomopoulos SI, van Haren NEM, Van Gestel H, Vargas C, Vieta E, Vreeker A, Waltemate L, Yatham LN, Ching CRK, Andreassen O, Thompson PM, Hajek T. Diagnosis of bipolar disorders and body mass index predict clustering based on similarities in cortical thickness-ENIGMA study in 2436 individuals. Bipolar Disord 2022; 24:509-520. [PMID: 34894200 PMCID: PMC9187778 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Rates of obesity have reached epidemic proportions, especially among people with psychiatric disorders. While the effects of obesity on the brain are of major interest in medicine, they remain markedly under-researched in psychiatry. METHODS We obtained body mass index (BMI) and magnetic resonance imaging-derived regional cortical thickness, surface area from 836 bipolar disorders (BD) and 1600 control individuals from 14 sites within the ENIGMA-BD Working Group. We identified regionally specific profiles of cortical thickness using K-means clustering and studied clinical characteristics associated with individual cortical profiles. RESULTS We detected two clusters based on similarities among participants in cortical thickness. The lower thickness cluster (46.8% of the sample) showed thinner cortex, especially in the frontal and temporal lobes and was associated with diagnosis of BD, higher BMI, and older age. BD individuals in the low thickness cluster were more likely to have the diagnosis of bipolar disorder I and less likely to be treated with lithium. In contrast, clustering based on similarities in the cortical surface area was unrelated to BD or BMI and only tracked age and sex. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that both BD and obesity are associated with similar alterations in cortical thickness, but not surface area. The fact that obesity increased the chance of having low cortical thickness could explain differences in cortical measures among people with BD. The thinner cortex in individuals with higher BMI, which was additive and similar to the BD-associated alterations, may suggest that treating obesity could lower the extent of cortical thinning in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Abé
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Erlend Bøen
- Unit for Psychosomatics / CL Outpatient Clinic for Adults, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo Norway
| | - Caterina del Mar Bonnin
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tiana Borgers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Dara M. Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ana M. Diaz-Zuluaga
- Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lorielle Dietze
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa T. Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Desert-Pacific MIRECC, VA San Diego Healthcare, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Janice M. Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jose M. Goikolea
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janik Goltermann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Bartholomeus C. M. Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Fleur M. Howells
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin Ingvar
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tilo T. J. Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannah Lemke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Benny Liberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo
- Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ulrik F. Malt
- Unit for Psychosomatics / CL Outpatient Clinic for Adults, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fiona M. Martyn
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elena Mazza
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Genevieve McPhilemy
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sandra Meier
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tina Meller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elisa M. T. Melloni
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Philip B. Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leila Nabulsi
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Igor Nenadic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Roel A. Ophoff
- UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Julia-Katharina Pfarr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julian A. Pineda-Zapata
- Research Group, Instituto de Alta Tecnología Médica, Ayudas diagnósticas SURA, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | - Joaquim Raduà
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Psychiartry, King’s College Londen, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maike Richter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kai G. Ringwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gloria Roberts
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alex Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.,Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Simon Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Henk S. Temmingh
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katharina Thiel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sophia I. Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Neeltje E. M. van Haren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Holly Van Gestel
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Cristian Vargas
- Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annabel Vreeker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Waltemate
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Christopher R. K. Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Ole Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Tomas Hajek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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4
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Pons-Cabrera MT, Palacios-Garrán R, Tardón-Senabre L, Fernández-Plaza T, Marco-Estrada O, Madero S, Anmella G, Colomer L, Druetta M, Giménez-Palomo A, Navarro-Cortés L, Sagué-Vilavella M, Sánchez-Sierra C, Verdolini N, Catalan R, Bioque M, Goikolea JM, Vieta E, Pacchiarotti I. Cariprazine-induced mania: A case series report. Bipolar Disord 2022; 24:457-460. [PMID: 34797609 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar depression is the most prevalent phase of bipolar disorder (BD). There is a risk of inducing treatment-emergent affective switches (TEAS) with antidepressants (ADs). Hence, clinical guidelines do not recommend their use in monotherapy. Cariprazine is a dopamine-serotonin partial agonist, with a recent FDA approval as a monotherapy for BD type 1 (BD-I) depression. To our knowledge, there is no significant evidence of cariprazine-induced TEAS in bipolar depression. We describe three clinical cases of patients admitted to our acute psychiatric ward who developed manic episodes after the introduction of low doses of cariprazine. Two of the patients met the DSM-5 criteria for BD-I, and one for schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type. All patients were initially treated with low doses of cariprazine (1.5 mg) during a depressive phase. All three cases were simultaneously treated with mood stabilizers, regardless of which they switched to a manic episode when cariprazine was initiated. In our review of previous studies assessing the efficacy and side effects profile of cariprazine in BD-I, TEAS have not been found to be significant. However, according to our experience, cariprazine may induce affective switches in BD-I patients. Patients and psychiatrists should receive information regarding early warning symptoms and monitor possible cariprazine-induced mood switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- María T Pons-Cabrera
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roberto Palacios-Garrán
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health, and Addiction, GSS-Hospital Santa Maria, Lleida, Spain
| | - Laia Tardón-Senabre
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tabatha Fernández-Plaza
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Oriol Marco-Estrada
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Santiago Madero
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gerard Anmella
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lluc Colomer
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mauro Druetta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Giménez-Palomo
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Navarro-Cortés
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Sagué-Vilavella
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Sierra
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Norma Verdolini
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosa Catalan
- Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en salud Mental (CIBERSAM), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Bioque
- Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en salud Mental (CIBERSAM), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Goikolea
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Isabella Pacchiarotti
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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5
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Abé C, Ching CRK, Liberg B, Lebedev AV, Agartz I, Akudjedu TN, Alda M, Alnæs D, Alonso-Lana S, Benedetti F, Berk M, Bøen E, Bonnin CDM, Breuer F, Brosch K, Brouwer RM, Canales-Rodríguez EJ, Cannon DM, Chye Y, Dahl A, Dandash O, Dannlowski U, Dohm K, Elvsåshagen T, Fisch L, Fullerton JM, Goikolea JM, Grotegerd D, Haatveit B, Hahn T, Hajek T, Heindel W, Ingvar M, Sim K, Kircher TTJ, Lenroot RK, Malt UF, McDonald C, McWhinney SR, Melle I, Meller T, Melloni EMT, Mitchell PB, Nabulsi L, Nenadić I, Opel N, Overs BJ, Panicalli F, Pfarr JK, Poletti S, Pomarol-Clotet E, Radua J, Repple J, Ringwald KG, Roberts G, Rodriguez-Cano E, Salvador R, Sarink K, Sarró S, Schmitt S, Stein F, Suo C, Thomopoulos SI, Tronchin G, Vieta E, Westlye LT, White AG, Yatham LN, Zak N, Thompson PM, Andreassen OA, Landén M. Longitudinal Structural Brain Changes in Bipolar Disorder: A Multicenter Neuroimaging Study of 1232 Individuals by the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:582-592. [PMID: 34809987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with cortical and subcortical structural brain abnormalities. It is unclear whether such alterations progressively change over time, and how this is related to the number of mood episodes. To address this question, we analyzed a large and diverse international sample with longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical data to examine structural brain changes over time in BD. METHODS Longitudinal structural MRI and clinical data from the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) BD Working Group, including 307 patients with BD and 925 healthy control subjects, were collected from 14 sites worldwide. Male and female participants, aged 40 ± 17 years, underwent MRI at 2 time points. Cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volumes were estimated using FreeSurfer. Annualized change rates for each imaging phenotype were compared between patients with BD and healthy control subjects. Within patients, we related brain change rates to the number of mood episodes between time points and tested for effects of demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS Compared with healthy control subjects, patients with BD showed faster enlargement of ventricular volumes and slower thinning of the fusiform and parahippocampal cortex (0.18 <d < 0.22). More (hypo)manic episodes were associated with faster cortical thinning, primarily in the prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS In the hitherto largest longitudinal MRI study on BD, we did not detect accelerated cortical thinning but noted faster ventricular enlargements in BD. However, abnormal frontocortical thinning was observed in association with frequent manic episodes. Our study yields insights into disease progression in BD and highlights the importance of mania prevention in BD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Abé
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Benny Liberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander V Lebedev
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Theophilus N Akudjedu
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Visualisation, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom; Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia; National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Dag Alnæs
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silvia Alonso-Lana
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Berk
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Deakin University, the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erlend Bøen
- Unit of Psychosomatic and CL Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caterina Del Mar Bonnin
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institute of Neurosciences, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabian Breuer
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus Liebig, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rachel M Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erick J Canales-Rodríguez
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Signal Processing Laboratory, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dara M Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Yann Chye
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Orwa Dandash
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Dohm
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lukas Fisch
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jose M Goikolea
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institute of Neurosciences, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Beathe Haatveit
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tim Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia; National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tomas Hajek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia; National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Walter Heindel
- Clinic for Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Ingvar
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neuroradiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kang Sim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tilo T J Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus Liebig, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Ulrik F Malt
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Section for C-L Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sean R McWhinney
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tina Meller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus Liebig, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Elisa M T Melloni
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leila Nabulsi
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus Liebig, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bronwyn J Overs
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Francesco Panicalli
- Hospital general de Granollers, Barcelona, Spain; Benito Menni CASM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia-Katharina Pfarr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus Liebig, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sara Poletti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kai G Ringwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus Liebig, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gloria Roberts
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elena Rodriguez-Cano
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Benito Menni CASM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kelvin Sarink
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Salvador Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus Liebig, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Simon Schmitt
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus Liebig, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus Liebig, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Chao Suo
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Giulia Tronchin
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institute of Neurosciences, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adam G White
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lakshmi N Yatham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nathalia Zak
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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6
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Ching CRK, Hibar DP, Gurholt TP, Nunes A, Thomopoulos SI, Abé C, Agartz I, Brouwer RM, Cannon DM, de Zwarte SMC, Eyler LT, Favre P, Hajek T, Haukvik UK, Houenou J, Landén M, Lett TA, McDonald C, Nabulsi L, Patel Y, Pauling ME, Paus T, Radua J, Soeiro‐de‐Souza MG, Tronchin G, van Haren NEM, Vieta E, Walter H, Zeng L, Alda M, Almeida J, Alnæs D, Alonso‐Lana S, Altimus C, Bauer M, Baune BT, Bearden CE, Bellani M, Benedetti F, Berk M, Bilderbeck AC, Blumberg HP, Bøen E, Bollettini I, del Mar Bonnin C, Brambilla P, Canales‐Rodríguez EJ, Caseras X, Dandash O, Dannlowski U, Delvecchio G, Díaz‐Zuluaga AM, Dima D, Duchesnay É, Elvsåshagen T, Fears SC, Frangou S, Fullerton JM, Glahn DC, Goikolea JM, Green MJ, Grotegerd D, Gruber O, Haarman BCM, Henry C, Howells FM, Ives‐Deliperi V, Jansen A, Kircher TTJ, Knöchel C, Kramer B, Lafer B, López‐Jaramillo C, Machado‐Vieira R, MacIntosh BJ, Melloni EMT, Mitchell PB, Nenadic I, Nery F, Nugent AC, Oertel V, Ophoff RA, Ota M, Overs BJ, Pham DL, Phillips ML, Pineda‐Zapata JA, Poletti S, Polosan M, Pomarol‐Clotet E, Pouchon A, Quidé Y, Rive MM, Roberts G, Ruhe HG, Salvador R, Sarró S, Satterthwaite TD, Schene AH, Sim K, Soares JC, Stäblein M, Stein DJ, Tamnes CK, Thomaidis GV, Upegui CV, Veltman DJ, Wessa M, Westlye LT, Whalley HC, Wolf DH, Wu M, Yatham LN, Zarate CA, Thompson PM, Andreassen OA. What we learn about bipolar disorder from large-scale neuroimaging: Findings and future directions from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:56-82. [PMID: 32725849 PMCID: PMC8675426 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI-derived brain measures offer a link between genes, the environment and behavior and have been widely studied in bipolar disorder (BD). However, many neuroimaging studies of BD have been underpowered, leading to varied results and uncertainty regarding effects. The Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Bipolar Disorder Working Group was formed in 2012 to empower discoveries, generate consensus findings and inform future hypothesis-driven studies of BD. Through this effort, over 150 researchers from 20 countries and 55 institutions pool data and resources to produce the largest neuroimaging studies of BD ever conducted. The ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group applies standardized processing and analysis techniques to empower large-scale meta- and mega-analyses of multimodal brain MRI and improve the replicability of studies relating brain variation to clinical and genetic data. Initial BD Working Group studies reveal widespread patterns of lower cortical thickness, subcortical volume and disrupted white matter integrity associated with BD. Findings also include mapping brain alterations of common medications like lithium, symptom patterns and clinical risk profiles and have provided further insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of BD. Here we discuss key findings from the BD working group, its ongoing projects and future directions for large-scale, collaborative studies of mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. K. Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Tiril P. Gurholt
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Division of Mental Health and Addicition, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Abraham Nunes
- Department of PsychiatryDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
- Faculty of Computer ScienceDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Sophia I. Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christoph Abé
- Faculty of Computer ScienceDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Psychiatric ResearchDiakonhjemmet HospitalOsloNorway
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Rachel M. Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Dara M. Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health SciencesNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Sonja M. C. de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Lisa T. Eyler
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Desert‐Pacific MIRECCVA San Diego HealthcareSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pauline Favre
- INSERM U955, team 15 “Translational Neuro‐Psychiatry”CréteilFrance
- Neurospin, CEA Paris‐Saclay, team UNIACTGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Tomas Hajek
- Division of Mental Health and Addicition, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- National Institute of Mental HealthKlecanyCzech Republic
| | - Unn K. Haukvik
- Division of Mental Health and Addicition, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Josselin Houenou
- INSERM U955, team 15 “Translational Neuro‐Psychiatry”CréteilFrance
- Neurospin, CEA Paris‐Saclay, team UNIACTGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
- APHPMondor University Hospitals, DMU IMPACTCréteilFrance
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Neuroscience and PhysiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Tristram A. Lett
- Department for Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Department of Neurology with Experimental NeurologyCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Colm McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Leila Nabulsi
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Yash Patel
- Bloorview Research InstituteHolland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Melissa E. Pauling
- Desert‐Pacific MIRECCVA San Diego HealthcareSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- INSERM U955, team 15 “Translational Neuro‐Psychiatry”CréteilFrance
| | - Tomas Paus
- Bloorview Research InstituteHolland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Departments of Psychology and PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Department of Psychiatric ResearchDiakonhjemmet HospitalOsloNorway
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)BarcelonaSpain
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical‐detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis StudiesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholm County CouncilStockholmSweden
| | - Marcio G. Soeiro‐de‐Souza
- Mood Disorders Unit (GRUDA), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Giulia Tronchin
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E. M. van Haren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)BarcelonaSpain
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department for Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Ling‐Li Zeng
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- College of Intelligence Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangshaChina
| | - Martin Alda
- Division of Mental Health and Addicition, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Jorge Almeida
- Dell Medical SchoolThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Dag Alnæs
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Silvia Alonso‐Lana
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- CIBERSAMMadridSpain
| | - Cara Altimus
- Milken Institute Center for Strategic PhilanthropyWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical FacultyTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
- Department of PsychiatryThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Marcella Bellani
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
- Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Michael Berk
- Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- IMPACT Institute – The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Amy C. Bilderbeck
- The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of MelbourneOrygenMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- P1vital LtdWallingfordUK
| | | | - Erlend Bøen
- Mood Disorders Research ProgramYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Irene Bollettini
- Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Caterina del Mar Bonnin
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)BarcelonaSpain
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Psychosomatic and CL PsychiatryOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental HealthFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Erick J. Canales‐Rodríguez
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- CIBERSAMMadridSpain
- Department of RadiologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
- Signal Processing Lab (LTS5), École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Xavier Caseras
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Orwa Dandash
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Melbourne and Melbourne HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Brain, Mind and Society Research Hub, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | | | - Ana M. Díaz‐Zuluaga
- Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine, Universidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - Danai Dima
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences and ArtsCity, University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of NeurologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Scott C. Fears
- Center for Neurobehavioral GeneticsLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Greater Los Angeles Veterans AdministrationLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Janice M. Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of PsychiatryBoston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jose M. Goikolea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)BarcelonaSpain
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Melissa J. Green
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Oliver Gruber
- Department of General PsychiatryHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Bartholomeus C. M. Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Chantal Henry
- Department of PsychiatryService Hospitalo‐Universitaire, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & NeurosciencesParisFrance
- Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Fleur M. Howells
- Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | | | - Andreas Jansen
- Core‐Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MarburgMarburgGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Tilo T. J. Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Christian Knöchel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and PsychotherapyGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Bernd Kramer
- Department of General PsychiatryHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Beny Lafer
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM‐21), Departamento e Instituto de PsiquiatriaHospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Carlos López‐Jaramillo
- Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine, Universidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
- Mood Disorders ProgramHospital Universitario Trastorno del ÁnimoMedellínColombia
| | - Rodrigo Machado‐Vieira
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Pathophysiology Program, Department of PsychiatryUTHealth, University of TexasHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Bradley J. MacIntosh
- Hurvitz Brain SciencesSunnybrook Research InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Elisa M. T. Melloni
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
- Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Philip B. Mitchell
- School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Igor Nenadic
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Fabiano Nery
- University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
- Universidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | | | - Viola Oertel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and PsychotherapyGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Roel A. Ophoff
- UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral GeneticsLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PsychiatryErasmus Medical Center, Erasmus UniversityRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder ResearchNational Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | | | - Daniel L. Pham
- Milken Institute Center for Strategic PhilanthropyWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Mary L. Phillips
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Sara Poletti
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
- Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Mircea Polosan
- University of Grenoble AlpesCHU Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
- INSERM U1216 ‐ Grenoble Institut des NeurosciencesLa TroncheFrance
| | - Edith Pomarol‐Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- CIBERSAMMadridSpain
| | - Arnaud Pouchon
- University of Grenoble AlpesCHU Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Yann Quidé
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Maria M. Rive
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMC, location AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gloria Roberts
- School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Henricus G. Ruhe
- Department of PsychiatryRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviorRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- CIBERSAMMadridSpain
| | - Salvador Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- CIBERSAMMadridSpain
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Aart H. Schene
- Department of PsychiatryRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental HealthSingaporeSingapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Jair C. Soares
- Center of Excellent on Mood DisordersUTHealth HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUTHealth HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Michael Stäblein
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and PsychotherapyGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental DisordersUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Christian K. Tamnes
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Psychiatric ResearchDiakonhjemmet HospitalOsloNorway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Georgios V. Thomaidis
- Papanikolaou General HospitalThessalonikiGreece
- Laboratory of Mechanics and MaterialsSchool of Engineering, Aristotle UniversityThessalonikiGreece
| | - Cristian Vargas Upegui
- Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine, Universidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Michèle Wessa
- Department of Neuropsychology and Clinical PsychologyJohannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | | | - Daniel H. Wolf
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Mon‐Ju Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUTHealth HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Lakshmi N. Yatham
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Carlos A. Zarate
- Chief Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology BranchBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute of Mental HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Division of Mental Health and Addicition, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
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7
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McWhinney SR, Abé C, Alda M, Benedetti F, Bøen E, Del Mar Bonnin C, Borgers T, Brosch K, Canales-Rodríguez EJ, Cannon DM, Dannlowski U, Díaz-Zuluaga AM, Elvsåshagen T, Eyler LT, Fullerton JM, Goikolea JM, Goltermann J, Grotegerd D, Haarman BCM, Hahn T, Howells FM, Ingvar M, Kircher TTJ, Krug A, Kuplicki RT, Landén M, Lemke H, Liberg B, Lopez-Jaramillo C, Malt UF, Martyn FM, Mazza E, McDonald C, McPhilemy G, Meier S, Meinert S, Meller T, Melloni EMT, Mitchell PB, Nabulsi L, Nenadic I, Opel N, Ophoff RA, Overs BJ, Pfarr JK, Pineda-Zapata JA, Pomarol-Clotet E, Raduà J, Repple J, Richter M, Ringwald KG, Roberts G, Salvador R, Savitz J, Schmitt S, Schofield PR, Sim K, Stein DJ, Stein F, Temmingh HS, Thiel K, van Haren NEM, Gestel HV, Vargas C, Vieta E, Vreeker A, Waltemate L, Yatham LN, Ching CRK, Andreassen O, Thompson PM, Hajek T. Association between body mass index and subcortical brain volumes in bipolar disorders-ENIGMA study in 2735 individuals. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6806-6819. [PMID: 33863996 PMCID: PMC8760047 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with bipolar disorders (BD) frequently suffer from obesity, which is often associated with neurostructural alterations. Yet, the effects of obesity on brain structure in BD are under-researched. We obtained MRI-derived brain subcortical volumes and body mass index (BMI) from 1134 BD and 1601 control individuals from 17 independent research sites within the ENIGMA-BD Working Group. We jointly modeled the effects of BD and BMI on subcortical volumes using mixed-effects modeling and tested for mediation of group differences by obesity using nonparametric bootstrapping. All models controlled for age, sex, hemisphere, total intracranial volume, and data collection site. Relative to controls, individuals with BD had significantly higher BMI, larger lateral ventricular volume, and smaller volumes of amygdala, hippocampus, pallidum, caudate, and thalamus. BMI was positively associated with ventricular and amygdala and negatively with pallidal volumes. When analyzed jointly, both BD and BMI remained associated with volumes of lateral ventricles and amygdala. Adjusting for BMI decreased the BD vs control differences in ventricular volume. Specifically, 18.41% of the association between BD and ventricular volume was mediated by BMI (Z = 2.73, p = 0.006). BMI was associated with similar regional brain volumes as BD, including lateral ventricles, amygdala, and pallidum. Higher BMI may in part account for larger ventricles, one of the most replicated findings in BD. Comorbidity with obesity could explain why neurostructural alterations are more pronounced in some individuals with BD. Future prospective brain imaging studies should investigate whether obesity could be a modifiable risk factor for neuroprogression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R McWhinney
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Christoph Abé
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Erlend Bøen
- Unit for Psychosomatics / CL Outpatient Clinic for Adults, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caterina Del Mar Bonnin
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tiana Borgers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Dara M Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ana M Díaz-Zuluaga
- Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa T Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Desert-Pacific MIRECC, VA San Diego Healthcare, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jose M Goikolea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janik Goltermann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Bartholomeus C M Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Fleur M Howells
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin Ingvar
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tilo T J Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannah Lemke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Benny Liberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo
- Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ulrik F Malt
- Unit for Psychosomatics / CL Outpatient Clinic for Adults, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fiona M Martyn
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elena Mazza
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Genevieve McPhilemy
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sandra Meier
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tina Meller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elisa M T Melloni
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leila Nabulsi
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Igor Nenadic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Julia-Katharina Pfarr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julian A Pineda-Zapata
- Research Group, Instituto de Alta Tecnología Médica, Ayudas diagnósticas SURA, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Joaquim Raduà
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Psychiartry, King's College Londen, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maike Richter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kai G Ringwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gloria Roberts
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Simon Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dan J Stein
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Henk S Temmingh
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katharina Thiel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Holly Van Gestel
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Cristian Vargas
- Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annabel Vreeker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Waltemate
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Ole Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Tomas Hajek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
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8
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Han LKM, Dinga R, Hahn T, Ching CRK, Eyler LT, Aftanas L, Aghajani M, Aleman A, Baune BT, Berger K, Brak I, Filho GB, Carballedo A, Connolly CG, Couvy-Duchesne B, Cullen KR, Dannlowski U, Davey CG, Dima D, Duran FLS, Enneking V, Filimonova E, Frenzel S, Frodl T, Fu CHY, Godlewska BR, Gotlib IH, Grabe HJ, Groenewold NA, Grotegerd D, Gruber O, Hall GB, Harrison BJ, Hatton SN, Hermesdorf M, Hickie IB, Ho TC, Hosten N, Jansen A, Kähler C, Kircher T, Klimes-Dougan B, Krämer B, Krug A, Lagopoulos J, Leenings R, MacMaster FP, MacQueen G, McIntosh A, McLellan Q, McMahon KL, Medland SE, Mueller BA, Mwangi B, Osipov E, Portella MJ, Pozzi E, Reneman L, Repple J, Rosa PGP, Sacchet MD, Sämann PG, Schnell K, Schrantee A, Simulionyte E, Soares JC, Sommer J, Stein DJ, Steinsträter O, Strike LT, Thomopoulos SI, van Tol MJ, Veer IM, Vermeiren RRJM, Walter H, van der Wee NJA, van der Werff SJA, Whalley H, Winter NR, Wittfeld K, Wright MJ, Wu MJ, Völzke H, Yang TT, Zannias V, de Zubicaray GI, Zunta-Soares GB, Abé C, Alda M, Andreassen OA, Bøen E, Bonnin CM, Canales-Rodriguez EJ, Cannon D, Caseras X, Chaim-Avancini TM, Elvsåshagen T, Favre P, Foley SF, Fullerton JM, Goikolea JM, Haarman BCM, Hajek T, Henry C, Houenou J, Howells FM, Ingvar M, Kuplicki R, Lafer B, Landén M, Machado-Vieira R, Malt UF, McDonald C, Mitchell PB, Nabulsi L, Otaduy MCG, Overs BJ, Polosan M, Pomarol-Clotet E, Radua J, Rive MM, Roberts G, Ruhe HG, Salvador R, Sarró S, Satterthwaite TD, Savitz J, Schene AH, Schofield PR, Serpa MH, Sim K, Soeiro-de-Souza MG, Sutherland AN, Temmingh HS, Timmons GM, Uhlmann A, Vieta E, Wolf DH, Zanetti MV, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Veltman DJ, Penninx BWJH, Marquand AF, Cole JH, Schmaal L. Brain aging in major depressive disorder: results from the ENIGMA major depressive disorder working group. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5124-5139. [PMID: 32424236 PMCID: PMC8589647 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with an increased risk of brain atrophy, aging-related diseases, and mortality. We examined potential advanced brain aging in adult MDD patients, and whether this process is associated with clinical characteristics in a large multicenter international dataset. We performed a mega-analysis by pooling brain measures derived from T1-weighted MRI scans from 19 samples worldwide. Healthy brain aging was estimated by predicting chronological age (18-75 years) from 7 subcortical volumes, 34 cortical thickness and 34 surface area, lateral ventricles and total intracranial volume measures separately in 952 male and 1236 female controls from the ENIGMA MDD working group. The learned model coefficients were applied to 927 male controls and 986 depressed males, and 1199 female controls and 1689 depressed females to obtain independent unbiased brain-based age predictions. The difference between predicted "brain age" and chronological age was calculated to indicate brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD). On average, MDD patients showed a higher brain-PAD of +1.08 (SE 0.22) years (Cohen's d = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.08-0.20) compared with controls. However, this difference did not seem to be driven by specific clinical characteristics (recurrent status, remission status, antidepressant medication use, age of onset, or symptom severity). This highly powered collaborative effort showed subtle patterns of age-related structural brain abnormalities in MDD. Substantial within-group variance and overlap between groups were observed. Longitudinal studies of MDD and somatic health outcomes are needed to further assess the clinical value of these brain-PAD estimates.
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Grants
- RF1 AG041915 NIA NIH HHS
- G0802594 Medical Research Council
- R01 MH083968 NIMH NIH HHS
- MR/L010305/1 Medical Research Council
- R01 MH116147 NIMH NIH HHS
- T32 AG058507 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 HD050735 NICHD NIH HHS
- R21 MH113871 NIMH NIH HHS
- T35 AG026757 NIA NIH HHS
- R56 AG058854 NIA NIH HHS
- K23 MH090421 NIMH NIH HHS
- Wellcome Trust
- R61 AT009864 NCCIH NIH HHS
- P41 EB015922 NIBIB NIH HHS
- P20 GM121312 NIGMS NIH HHS
- R37 MH101495 NIMH NIH HHS
- P41 RR008079 NCRR NIH HHS
- T32 MH073526 NIMH NIH HHS
- 104036/Z/14/Z Wellcome Trust
- UL1 TR001872 NCATS NIH HHS
- Department of Health
- U54 EB020403 NIBIB NIH HHS
- R01 MH117601 NIMH NIH HHS
- MR/R024790/2 Medical Research Council
- K01 MH117442 NIMH NIH HHS
- R01 MH085734 NIMH NIH HHS
- R21 AT009173 NCCIH NIH HHS
- RF1 AG051710 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG059874 NIA NIH HHS
- CC was supported by NIH grants U54 EB020403, RF1 AG041915, RF1AG051710, P41EB015922, R01MH116147, and R56AG058854
- Russian Science Foundation (RSF)
- The study was supported by a grant from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; grant FKZ-01ER0816 and FKZ-01ER1506)
- Dr. Busatto was supported by the funding agencies FAPESP and CNPq, Brazil
- Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)
- This study was funded by National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Project Grants 1064643 (Principal Investigator BJH) and 1024570 (Principal Investigator CGD).
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI)
- This work was supported by NIH grant R37 MH101495
- The Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) is part of the Community Medicine Research net (CMR) (http://www.medizin.uni-greifswald.de/icm) of the University Medicine Greifswald, which is supported by the German Federal State of Mecklenburg- West Pomerania. MRI scans in SHIP and SHIP-TREND have been supported by a joint grant from Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany and the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania. This study was further supported by the EU-JPND Funding for BRIDGET (FKZ:01ED1615).
- Gratama Foundation, the Netherlands (2012/35 to NG)
- This work was partially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) via grants to OG (GR1950/5-1 and GR1950/10-1).
- This study was supported by the following National Health and Medical Research Council funding sources: Programme Grant (no. 566529), Centres of Clinical Research Excellence Grant (no. 264611), Australia Fellowship (no. 511921) and Clinical Research Fellowship (no. 402864).
- This study was funded by the National Institute of Mental health grant K23MH090421 (D. Cullen) and Biotechnology Research Center grant P41RR008079 (Center for Magnetic Resonance Research), the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression, the University of Minnesota Graduate School, and the Minnesota Medical Foundation. This work was carried out in part using computing resources at the University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute.
- This work was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, grant FOR2107 KR 3822/7-2 to AK; FOR2107 KI 588/14-2 to TK and FOR2107 JA 1890/7-2 to AJ)
- The research leading to these results was supported by IMAGEMEND, which received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 602450. This paper reflects only the author’s views and the European Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. This work was also supported by a Wellcome Trust Strategic Award 104036/Z/14/Z
- The QTIM dataset was supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (Project Grants No. 496682 and 1009064) and US National Institute of Child Health and Human Development(RO1HD050735)
- MJP was funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spanish Government (ISCIII) through a "Miguel Servet II" (CP16/00020)
- Jair C. Soares supported by the Pat Rutherford Chair in Psychiatry, UTHealth. Jair Soares has received research support from Allergan, Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, Alquermes and COMPASS. He is a member of the speakers’ bureaus for Sunovion and Sanofi and he is a consultant for Johnson & Johnson.
- The QTIM dataset was supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (Project Grants No. 496682 and 1009064) and US National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (RO1HD050735)
- SIT was supported in part by NIH grants U54 EB020403, RF1 AG041915, RF1AG051710, P41EB015922, R01MH116147, and R56AG058854
- The CODE cohort was collected from studies funded by Lundbeck and the German Research Foundation (WA 1539/4-1, SCHN 1205/3-1, SCHR443/11-1)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (142255)
- Fundet by Research Council of Norway (223273, 248778, 273291), NIH (ENIGMA grants)
- Funded by the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority and a research grant from Mrs. Throne-Holst.
- This work was supported by the Health Research Board, Ireland and the Irish Research Council
- The Cardiff dataset was supported through a 2010 NARSAD Young Investigator Award (ref: 17319) to Dr. Xavier Caseras
- This work was supported by the FRM (Fondation pour la recherche Biomédicale) "Bio-informatique pour la biologie" 2014 grant
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (103703, 106469), Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation, Dalhousie Clinical Research Scholarship to T. Hajek, Brain & Behavior Research Foundation (formerly NARSAD) 2007 Young Investigator and 2015 Independent Investigator Awards to T. Hajek
- This work was supported by the University Research Council of the University of Cape Town and the National Research Foundation of South Africa.
- Australian NHMRC Program Grant 1037196 and Project Grants 1063960 and 1066177.
- This work was supported by research grants from Grenoble University Hospital
- This work was supported by the Generalitat de Catalunya (2014 SGR 1573) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CPII16/00018) and (PI14/01151 and PI14/01148).
- The DIADE dataset was suported by a ZonMW OOG 2007 grant (100-002-034). HG Ruhe was supported by a ZonMW VENI grant (016.126.059)
- JS is supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20GM121312) and the National Insitute of Mental Health (R21MH113871)
- Dr. Mauricio was supported by the funding agencies CAPES, Brazil
- This study was supported by R01MH083968, Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, and the US National Science Foundation (Science Gateways Community Institutes; XSEDE).
- GT's work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, Grant T35 AG026757/AG/NIA and the University of California San Diego, Stein Institute for Research on Aging
- "EV thanks the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PI15/00283) integrated into the Plan Nacional de I+D+I y cofinanciado por el ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); CIBERSAM; and the Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca del DIUE de la Generalitat de Catalunya to the Bipolar Disorders Group (2017 SGR 1365) and the project SLT006/17/00357, from PERIS 2016-2020 (Departament de Salut). CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. "
- Dr. Zanetti was supported by FAPESP, Brazil (grant no. 2013/03905-4).
- NIH grants R01 MH117601, R01 AG059874, U54 EB020403, RF1 AG041915, RF1AG051710, P41EB015922, R01MH116147, and R56AG058854
- PT was supported in part by NIH grants U54 EB020403, RF1 AG041915, RF1AG051710, P41EB015922, R01MH116147, and R56AG058854
- Dr Cole is funded by a UKRI Innovation Fellowship
- This work was supported by NIH grants U54 EB020403 and R01 MH116147. LS is supported by a NHMRC Career Development Fellowship (1140764).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K M Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit & GGZinGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Richard Dinga
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit & GGZinGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa T Eyler
- Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lyubomir Aftanas
- FSSBI "Scientific Research Institute of Physiology & Basic Medicine", Laboratory of Affective, Cognitive & Translational Neuroscience, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Neuroscience, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Moji Aghajani
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit & GGZinGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André Aleman
- Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ivan Brak
- FSSBI "Scientific Research Institute of Physiology & Basic Medicine", Laboratory of Affective, Cognitive & Translational Neuroscience, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Neuroscience, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Geraldo Busatto Filho
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Angela Carballedo
- Department for Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- North Dublin Mental Health Services, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm G Connolly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Kathryn R Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christopher G Davey
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Danai Dima
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Fabio L S Duran
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Verena Enneking
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elena Filimonova
- FSSBI "Scientific Research Institute of Physiology & Basic Medicine", Laboratory of Affective, Cognitive & Translational Neuroscience, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Stefan Frenzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department for Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University (OVGU), Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cynthia H Y Fu
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | | | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Geoffrey B Hall
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ben J Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sean N Hatton
- Youth Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marco Hermesdorf
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Youth Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Standord University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Claas Kähler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Krämer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Youth Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast QLD, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Ramona Leenings
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank P MacMaster
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Addictions and Mental Health Strategic Clinical Network, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Glenda MacQueen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Quinn McLellan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Katie L McMahon
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Instititute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bryon A Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Benson Mwangi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Evgeny Osipov
- Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Neuroscience, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria J Portella
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Cibersam, Spain
| | - Elena Pozzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Pedro G P Rosa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Matthew D Sacchet
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | | | - Knut Schnell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Asklepios Fachklinikum Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anouk Schrantee
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Egle Simulionyte
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jens Sommer
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Olaf Steinsträter
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lachlan T Strike
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marie-José van Tol
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilya M Veer
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert R J M Vermeiren
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Steven J A van der Werff
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Heather Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nils R Winter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mon-Ju Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tony T Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UCSF School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Greig I de Zubicaray
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Giovana B Zunta-Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christoph Abé
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erlend Bøen
- Clinic for Mental Health and Dependency, C-L psychiatry and Psychosomatic Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caterina M Bonnin
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Dara Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Xavier Caseras
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Tiffany M Chaim-Avancini
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pauline Favre
- UNIACT, Psychiatry Team, Neurospin, Atomic Energy Commission, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
- Translational Psychiatry Team, Pôle de psychiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, INSERM, U955, Créteil, France
| | - Sonya F Foley
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jose M Goikolea
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bartholomeus C M Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tomas Hajek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Chantal Henry
- Université de Paris, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neuroscience, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Josselin Houenou
- UNIACT, Psychiatry Team, Neurospin, Atomic Energy Commission, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
- Translational Psychiatry Team, Pôle de psychiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, INSERM, U955, Créteil, France
| | - Fleur M Howells
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin Ingvar
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Beny Lafer
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ulrik F Malt
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Dependency, C-L psychiatry and Psychosomatic Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kingsford, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leila Nabulsi
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maria Concepcion Garcia Otaduy
- Instituto de Radiologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bronwyn J Overs
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mircea Polosan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- Inserm 1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria M Rive
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gloria Roberts
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kingsford, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Henricus G Ruhe
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Salvador Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvannia Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Aart H Schene
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mauricio H Serpa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region and Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ashley N Sutherland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Henk S Temmingh
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Valkenberg Psychiatric Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Garrett M Timmons
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvannia Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marcus V Zanetti
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit & GGZinGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit & GGZinGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre F Marquand
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - James H Cole
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
- Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Patel Y, Parker N, Shin J, Howard D, French L, Thomopoulos SI, Pozzi E, Abe Y, Abé C, Anticevic A, Alda M, Aleman A, Alloza C, Alonso-Lana S, Ameis SH, Anagnostou E, McIntosh AA, Arango C, Arnold PD, Asherson P, Assogna F, Auzias G, Ayesa-Arriola R, Bakker G, Banaj N, Banaschewski T, Bandeira CE, Baranov A, Bargalló N, Bau CHD, Baumeister S, Baune BT, Bellgrove MA, Benedetti F, Bertolino A, Boedhoe PSW, Boks M, Bollettini I, Del Mar Bonnin C, Borgers T, Borgwardt S, Brandeis D, Brennan BP, Bruggemann JM, Bülow R, Busatto GF, Calderoni S, Calhoun VD, Calvo R, Canales-Rodríguez EJ, Cannon DM, Carr VJ, Cascella N, Cercignani M, Chaim-Avancini TM, Christakou A, Coghill D, Conzelmann A, Crespo-Facorro B, Cubillo AI, Cullen KR, Cupertino RB, Daly E, Dannlowski U, Davey CG, Denys D, Deruelle C, Di Giorgio A, Dickie EW, Dima D, Dohm K, Ehrlich S, Ely BA, Erwin-Grabner T, Ethofer T, Fair DA, Fallgatter AJ, Faraone SV, Fatjó-Vilas M, Fedor JM, Fitzgerald KD, Ford JM, Frodl T, Fu CHY, Fullerton JM, Gabel MC, Glahn DC, Roberts G, Gogberashvili T, Goikolea JM, Gotlib IH, Goya-Maldonado R, Grabe HJ, Green MJ, Grevet EH, Groenewold NA, Grotegerd D, Gruber O, Gruner P, Guerrero-Pedraza A, Gur RE, Gur RC, Haar S, Haarman BCM, Haavik J, Hahn T, Hajek T, Harrison BJ, Harrison NA, Hartman CA, Whalley HC, Heslenfeld DJ, Hibar DP, Hilland E, Hirano Y, Ho TC, Hoekstra PJ, Hoekstra L, Hohmann S, Hong LE, Höschl C, Høvik MF, Howells FM, Nenadic I, Jalbrzikowski M, James AC, Janssen J, Jaspers-Fayer F, Xu J, Jonassen R, Karkashadze G, King JA, Kircher T, Kirschner M, Koch K, Kochunov P, Kohls G, Konrad K, Krämer B, Krug A, Kuntsi J, Kwon JS, Landén M, Landrø NI, Lazaro L, Lebedeva IS, Leehr EJ, Lera-Miguel S, Lesch KP, Lochner C, Louza MR, Luna B, Lundervold AJ, MacMaster FP, Maglanoc LA, Malpas CB, Portella MJ, Marsh R, Martyn FM, Mataix-Cols D, Mathalon DH, McCarthy H, McDonald C, McPhilemy G, Meinert S, Menchón JM, Minuzzi L, Mitchell PB, Moreno C, Morgado P, Muratori F, Murphy CM, Murphy D, Mwangi B, Nabulsi L, Nakagawa A, Nakamae T, Namazova L, Narayanaswamy J, Jahanshad N, Nguyen DD, Nicolau R, O'Gorman Tuura RL, O'Hearn K, Oosterlaan J, Opel N, Ophoff RA, Oranje B, García de la Foz VO, Overs BJ, Paloyelis Y, Pantelis C, Parellada M, Pauli P, Picó-Pérez M, Picon FA, Piras F, Piras F, Plessen KJ, Pomarol-Clotet E, Preda A, Puig O, Quidé Y, Radua J, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Rasser PE, Rauer L, Reddy J, Redlich R, Reif A, Reneman L, Repple J, Retico A, Richarte V, Richter A, Rosa PGP, Rubia KK, Hashimoto R, Sacchet MD, Salvador R, Santonja J, Sarink K, Sarró S, Satterthwaite TD, Sawa A, Schall U, Schofield PR, Schrantee A, Seitz J, Serpa MH, Setién-Suero E, Shaw P, Shook D, Silk TJ, Sim K, Simon S, Simpson HB, Singh A, Skoch A, Skokauskas N, Soares JC, Soreni N, Soriano-Mas C, Spalletta G, Spaniel F, Lawrie SM, Stern ER, Stewart SE, Takayanagi Y, Temmingh HS, Tolin DF, Tomecek D, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Tosetti M, Uhlmann A, van Amelsvoort T, van der Wee NJA, van der Werff SJA, van Haren NEM, van Wingen GA, Vance A, Vázquez-Bourgon J, Vecchio D, Venkatasubramanian G, Vieta E, Vilarroya O, Vives-Gilabert Y, Voineskos AN, Völzke H, von Polier GG, Walton E, Weickert TW, Weickert CS, Weideman AS, Wittfeld K, Wolf DH, Wu MJ, Yang TT, Yang K, Yoncheva Y, Yun JY, Cheng Y, Zanetti MV, Ziegler GC, Franke B, Hoogman M, Buitelaar JK, van Rooij D, Andreassen OA, Ching CRK, Veltman DJ, Schmaal L, Stein DJ, van den Heuvel OA, Turner JA, van Erp TGM, Pausova Z, Thompson PM, Paus T. Virtual Histology of Cortical Thickness and Shared Neurobiology in 6 Psychiatric Disorders. JAMA Psychiatry 2021; 78:47-63. [PMID: 32857118 PMCID: PMC7450410 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Large-scale neuroimaging studies have revealed group differences in cortical thickness across many psychiatric disorders. The underlying neurobiology behind these differences is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To determine neurobiologic correlates of group differences in cortical thickness between cases and controls in 6 disorders: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and schizophrenia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Profiles of group differences in cortical thickness between cases and controls were generated using T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. Similarity between interregional profiles of cell-specific gene expression and those in the group differences in cortical thickness were investigated in each disorder. Next, principal component analysis was used to reveal a shared profile of group difference in thickness across the disorders. Analysis for gene coexpression, clustering, and enrichment for genes associated with these disorders were conducted. Data analysis was conducted between June and December 2019. The analysis included 145 cohorts across 6 psychiatric disorders drawn from the ENIGMA consortium. The numbers of cases and controls in each of the 6 disorders were as follows: ADHD: 1814 and 1602; ASD: 1748 and 1770; BD: 1547 and 3405; MDD: 2658 and 3572; OCD: 2266 and 2007; and schizophrenia: 2688 and 3244. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Interregional profiles of group difference in cortical thickness between cases and controls. RESULTS A total of 12 721 cases and 15 600 controls, ranging from ages 2 to 89 years, were included in this study. Interregional profiles of group differences in cortical thickness for each of the 6 psychiatric disorders were associated with profiles of gene expression specific to pyramidal (CA1) cells, astrocytes (except for BD), and microglia (except for OCD); collectively, gene-expression profiles of the 3 cell types explain between 25% and 54% of variance in interregional profiles of group differences in cortical thickness. Principal component analysis revealed a shared profile of difference in cortical thickness across the 6 disorders (48% variance explained); interregional profile of this principal component 1 was associated with that of the pyramidal-cell gene expression (explaining 56% of interregional variation). Coexpression analyses of these genes revealed 2 clusters: (1) a prenatal cluster enriched with genes involved in neurodevelopmental (axon guidance) processes and (2) a postnatal cluster enriched with genes involved in synaptic activity and plasticity-related processes. These clusters were enriched with genes associated with all 6 psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, shared neurobiologic processes were associated with differences in cortical thickness across multiple psychiatric disorders. These processes implicate a common role of prenatal development and postnatal functioning of the cerebral cortex in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Patel
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadine Parker
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derek Howard
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leon French
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Elena Pozzi
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Yoshinari Abe
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Christoph Abé
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Andre Aleman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Clara Alloza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Silvia Alonso-Lana
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andrew A McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM
| | - Paul D Arnold
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience; King's College London, London, England
| | - Francesca Assogna
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Guillaume Auzias
- INT UMR 7289, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - Geor Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cibele E Bandeira
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandr Baranov
- The Research Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health of the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Núria Bargalló
- Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claiton H D Bau
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sarah Baumeister
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Mark A Bellgrove
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Premika S W Boedhoe
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Boks
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Irene Bollettini
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Caterina Del Mar Bonnin
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tiana Borgers
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Brian P Brennan
- McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Jason M Bruggemann
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Geraldo F Busatto
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience - IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rosa Calvo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM); University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erick J Canales-Rodríguez
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Dara M Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Vaughan J Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicola Cascella
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mara Cercignani
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, England
| | - Tiffany M Chaim-Avancini
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anastasia Christakou
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, England
| | - David Coghill
- Departments of Paediatrics and Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Annette Conzelmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain; Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana I Cubillo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London UK; Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kathryn R Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Renata B Cupertino
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eileen Daly
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, London, London, England
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Damiaan Denys
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Erin W Dickie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danai Dima
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, City, University of London, Northampton Square, Clerkenwell, London, England
| | - Katharina Dohm
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Benjamin A Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Biological Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, the Bronx, New York
| | - Tracy Erwin-Grabner
- University Medical Center Goettingen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry, Göettingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Ethofer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Damien A Fair
- Behavioral Neuroscience Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | | | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Mar Fatjó-Vilas
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jennifer M Fedor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kate D Fitzgerald
- Child OCD and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Judith M Ford
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cynthia H Y Fu
- University of East London, School of Psychology, London, England
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matt C Gabel
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, England
| | - David C Glahn
- Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gloria Roberts
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Jose M Goikolea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Roberto Goya-Maldonado
- University Medical Center Goettingen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry, Göettingen, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Melissa J Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eugenio H Grevet
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricia Gruner
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Shlomi Haar
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Bartholomeus C M Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tim Hahn
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Tomas Hajek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Benjamin J Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neil A Harrison
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, England
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Heather C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Dirk J Heslenfeld
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Eva Hilland
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yoshiyuki Hirano
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Hoekstra
- Radboud University Medical Center, Karakter University Center of Child And Adolescent Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - L E Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cyril Höschl
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Marie F Høvik
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fleur M Howells
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Igor Nenadic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Joost Janssen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Fern Jaspers-Fayer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming. China
| | - Rune Jonassen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Georgii Karkashadze
- Research Institute of Pediatrics and child health of the Central clinical hospital of the Ministry of Science and Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Joseph A King
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kirschner
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kathrin Koch
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gregor Kohls
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology Section, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, German; JARA-Brain Institute II Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Bernd Krämer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience; King's College London, London, England
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils I Landrø
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Luisa Lazaro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM); University of Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Sara Lera-Miguel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christine Lochner
- SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Mario R Louza
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank P MacMaster
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luigi A Maglanoc
- University Centre for Information Technology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles B Malpas
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maria J Portella
- Group of Research in Mental Health, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, IIBSant Pau; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rachel Marsh
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Fiona M Martyn
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - David Mataix-Cols
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Hazel McCarthy
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Genevieve McPhilemy
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Susanne Meinert
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciano Minuzzi
- McMaster University, Mood Disorders Program, SJH Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carmen Moreno
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM
| | - Pedro Morgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience - IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa
| | - Clodagh M Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, King's College London, London, England
| | - Declan Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, England
| | - Benson Mwangi
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Leila Nabulsi
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Akiko Nakagawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamae
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Leyla Namazova
- The Research Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health of the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Janardhanan Narayanaswamy
- OCD clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Danai D Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine
| | - Rosa Nicolau
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Kirsten O'Hearn
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nils Opel
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Bob Oranje
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Victor Ortiz García de la Foz
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
| | | | - Yannis Paloyelis
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, England
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mara Parellada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), and Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Picó-Pérez
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Felipe A Picon
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Kerstin J Plessen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine
| | - Olga Puig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM); University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yann Quidé
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Paul E Rasser
- Priority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa Rauer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janardhan Reddy
- OCD clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Ronny Redlich
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Repple
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Vanesa Richarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anja Richter
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pedro G P Rosa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katya K Rubia
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthew D Sacchet
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Javier Santonja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
| | - Kelvin Sarink
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Salvador Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ulrich Schall
- Priority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Anouk Schrantee
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mauricio H Serpa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esther Setién-Suero
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - Philip Shaw
- National Human Genome Research Institute and National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Devon Shook
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim J Silk
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Schmitt Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Aditya Singh
- University Medical Center Goettingen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry, Göettingen, Germany
| | - Antonin Skoch
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Norbert Skokauskas
- Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Institute of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jair C Soares
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Noam Soreni
- Pediatric OCD Consultation Clinic, Anxiety Treatment and Research Center, SJH Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Filip Spaniel
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Emily R Stern
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, Nathan Kline Institute, New York
| | - S Evelyn Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yoichiro Takayanagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Henk S Temmingh
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David F Tolin
- Anxiety Disorders Center, The Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - David Tomecek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
| | - Michela Tosetti
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Magnetic Resonance - IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guido A van Wingen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alasdair Vance
- Academic Child Psychiatry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Javier Vázquez-Bourgon
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - Daniela Vecchio
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- OCD clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Vilarroya
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg G von Polier
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Esther Walton
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, England
| | - Thomas W Weickert
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Andrea S Weideman
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Mon-Ju Wu
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - T T Yang
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, Weill Institute for Neurosciences
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yuliya Yoncheva
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Child Study Center, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York
| | - Je-Yeon Yun
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Marcus V Zanetti
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Georg C Ziegler
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Psychology Department and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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10
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de Zwarte SMC, Brouwer RM, Agartz I, Alda M, Alonso‐Lana S, Bearden CE, Bertolino A, Bonvino A, Bramon E, Buimer EEL, Cahn W, Canales‐Rodríguez EJ, Cannon DM, Cannon TD, Caseras X, Castro‐Fornieles J, Chen Q, Chung Y, De la Serna E, del Mar Bonnin C, Demro C, Di Giorgio A, Doucet GE, Eker MC, Erk S, Fatjó‐Vilas M, Fears SC, Foley SF, Frangou S, Fullerton JM, Glahn DC, Goghari VM, Goikolea JM, Goldman AL, Gonul AS, Gruber O, Hajek T, Hawkins EL, Heinz A, Hidiroglu Ongun C, Hillegers MHJ, Houenou J, Hulshoff Pol HE, Hultman CM, Ingvar M, Johansson V, Jönsson EG, Kane F, Kempton MJ, Koenis MMG, Kopecek M, Krämer B, Lawrie SM, Lenroot RK, Marcelis M, Mattay VS, McDonald C, Meyer‐Lindenberg A, Michielse S, Mitchell PB, Moreno D, Murray RM, Mwangi B, Nabulsi L, Newport J, Olman CA, van Os J, Overs BJ, Ozerdem A, Pergola G, Picchioni MM, Piguet C, Pomarol‐Clotet E, Radua J, Ramsay IS, Richter A, Roberts G, Salvador R, Saricicek Aydogan A, Sarró S, Schofield PR, Simsek EM, Simsek F, Soares JC, Sponheim SR, Sugranyes G, Toulopoulou T, Tronchin G, Vieta E, Walter H, Weinberger DR, Whalley HC, Wu M, Yalin N, Andreassen OA, Ching CRK, Thomopoulos SI, van Erp TGM, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Kahn RS, van Haren NEM. Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial high-risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 43:414-430. [PMID: 33027543 PMCID: PMC8675411 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ-FDRs) show similar patterns of brain abnormalities and cognitive alterations to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD-FDRs) show divergent patterns; on average, intracranial volume is larger compared to controls, and findings on cognitive alterations in BD-FDRs are inconsistent. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of global and regional brain measures (cortical and subcortical), current IQ, and educational attainment in 5,795 individuals (1,103 SZ-FDRs, 867 BD-FDRs, 2,190 controls, 942 schizophrenia patients, 693 bipolar patients) from 36 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts, with standardized methods. Compared to controls, SZ-FDRs showed a pattern of widespread thinner cortex, while BD-FDRs had widespread larger cortical surface area. IQ was lower in SZ-FDRs (d = -0.42, p = 3 × 10-5 ), with weak evidence of IQ reductions among BD-FDRs (d = -0.23, p = .045). Both relative groups had similar educational attainment compared to controls. When adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, the group-effects on brain measures changed, albeit modestly. Changes were in the expected direction, with less pronounced brain abnormalities in SZ-FDRs and more pronounced effects in BD-FDRs. To conclude, SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities. In contrast, both had lower IQ scores and similar school achievements compared to controls. Given that brain differences between SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs remain after adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, we suggest that differential brain developmental processes underlying predisposition for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are likely independent of general cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja M. C. de Zwarte
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Rachel M. Brouwer
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm RegionStockholmSweden,Department of PsychiatryDiakonhjemmet HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of PsychiatryDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada,National Institute of Mental HealthKlecanyCzech Republic
| | - Silvia Alonso‐Lana
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research FoundationBarcelonaSpain,CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental)MadridSpain
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of CaliforniaCaliforniaLos AngelesUSA,Department of PsychologyUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaLos AngelesUSA
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense OrgansUniversity of Bari 'Aldo Moro'BariItaly
| | - Aurora Bonvino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense OrgansUniversity of Bari 'Aldo Moro'BariItaly
| | - Elvira Bramon
- Division of Psychiatry, Neuroscience in Mental Health Research DepartmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Elizabeth E. L. Buimer
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Erick J. Canales‐Rodríguez
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research FoundationBarcelonaSpain,CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental)MadridSpain
| | - Dara M. Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Tyrone D. Cannon
- Department of PsychologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA,Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Xavier Caseras
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Josefina Castro‐Fornieles
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental)MadridSpain,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain,University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Qiang Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical CampusBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Yoonho Chung
- Department of PsychologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Elena De la Serna
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental)MadridSpain,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain,University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Caterina del Mar Bonnin
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental)MadridSpain,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain,Bipolar and Depressive Disorders UnitHospital Clinic, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Caroline Demro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Gaelle E. Doucet
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA,Boys Town National Research HospitalOmahaNEUSA
| | - Mehmet Cagdas Eker
- SoCAT LAB, Department of PsychiatrySchool of Medicine, Ege UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Susanne Erk
- Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Mar Fatjó‐Vilas
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research FoundationBarcelonaSpain,CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental)MadridSpain
| | - Scott C. Fears
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA,Center for Neurobehavioral GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sonya F. Foley
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Janice M. Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyAustralia,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - David C. Glahn
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford HospitalHartfordConnecticutUSA,Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease ResearchBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Vina M. Goghari
- Department of Psychology and Graduate Department of Psychological Clinical ScienceUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Jose M. Goikolea
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental)MadridSpain,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain,Bipolar and Depressive Disorders UnitHospital Clinic, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Aaron L. Goldman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical CampusBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ali Saffet Gonul
- SoCAT LAB, Department of PsychiatrySchool of Medicine, Ege UniversityIzmirTurkey,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesMercer University School of MedicineMaconGeorgiaUSA
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General PsychiatryUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Tomas Hajek
- Department of PsychiatryDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada,National Institute of Mental HealthKlecanyCzech Republic
| | - Emma L. Hawkins
- Division of PsychiatryRoyal Edinburgh Hospital, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- SoCAT LAB, Department of PsychiatrySchool of Medicine, Ege UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | | | - Manon H. J. Hillegers
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus University Medical Center‐Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Josselin Houenou
- APHP, Mondor University HospitalsCréteilFrance,INSERM U955 Team 15 "Translational Psychiatry"CréteilFrance,NeuroSpin neuroimaging platform, Psychiatry Team, UNIACT Lab, CEA SaclayGif‐Sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Christina M. Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Martin Ingvar
- Section for Neuroscience, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Department of NeuroradiologyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Viktoria Johansson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm RegionStockholmSweden,Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Erik G. Jönsson
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm RegionStockholmSweden
| | - Fergus Kane
- Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Matthew J. Kempton
- Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Marinka M. G. Koenis
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford HospitalHartfordConnecticutUSA
| | - Miloslav Kopecek
- National Institute of Mental HealthKlecanyCzech Republic,Department of Psychiatry, Third Faculty of MedicineCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Bernd Krämer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General PsychiatryUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Stephen M. Lawrie
- Division of PsychiatryRoyal Edinburgh Hospital, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Rhoshel K. Lenroot
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyAustralia,School of Psychiatry, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Machteld Marcelis
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuropsychologySchool for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtNetherlands
| | - Venkata S. Mattay
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical CampusBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Departments of Neurology and RadiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Andreas Meyer‐Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCentral Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheimGermany
| | - Stijn Michielse
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuropsychologySchool for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtNetherlands
| | | | - Dolores Moreno
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental)MadridSpain,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry DepartmentHospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), School of Medicine, Universidad ComplutenseMadridSpain
| | - Robin M. Murray
- Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Benson Mwangi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Leila Nabulsi
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Jason Newport
- Department of PsychiatryDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Cheryl A. Olman
- Department of Psychology and Center for Magnetic Resonance ResearchUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands,Department of Psychiatry and NeuropsychologySchool for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtNetherlands
| | | | - Aysegul Ozerdem
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylül UniversityIzmirTurkey,Department of NeurosciencesHealth Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylül UniversityIzmirTurkey,Department of Psychiatry and PsychologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense OrgansUniversity of Bari 'Aldo Moro'BariItaly
| | - Marco M. Picchioni
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental ScienceInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Camille Piguet
- INSERM U955 Team 15 "Translational Psychiatry"CréteilFrance,NeuroSpin neuroimaging platform, Psychiatry Team, UNIACT Lab, CEA SaclayGif‐Sur‐YvetteFrance,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland,School of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de CatalunyaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Edith Pomarol‐Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research FoundationBarcelonaSpain,CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental)MadridSpain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm RegionStockholmSweden,CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental)MadridSpain,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain,Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical‐detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis StudiesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ian S. Ramsay
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Anja Richter
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General PsychiatryUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Gloria Roberts
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research FoundationBarcelonaSpain,CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental)MadridSpain
| | - Aybala Saricicek Aydogan
- Department of NeurosciencesHealth Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylül UniversityIzmirTurkey,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineIzmir Katip Çelebi UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Salvador Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research FoundationBarcelonaSpain,CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental)MadridSpain
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford HospitalHartfordConnecticutUSA
| | | | - Fatma Simsek
- SoCAT LAB, Department of PsychiatrySchool of Medicine, Ege UniversityIzmirTurkey,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK,Cigli State HospitalDepartment of PsychiatryIzmirTurkey
| | - Jair C. Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Scott R. Sponheim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA,Minneapolis VA Health Care SystemMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Gisela Sugranyes
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental)MadridSpain,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain,University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Timothea Toulopoulou
- Department of PsychologyBilkent UniversityAnkaraTurkey,Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Giulia Tronchin
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Eduard Vieta
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental)MadridSpain,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain,Bipolar and Depressive Disorders UnitHospital Clinic, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Henrik Walter
- Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Daniel R. Weinberger
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders UnitHospital Clinic, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Heather C. Whalley
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of ArtsDokuz Eylül UniversityİzmirTurkey
| | - Mon‐Ju Wu
- Department of Psychology and Center for Magnetic Resonance ResearchUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Nefize Yalin
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological MedicineInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway,Division of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Christopher R. K. Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sophia I. Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Theo G. M. van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and MemoryUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - René S. Kahn
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands,Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Neeltje E. M. van Haren
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus University Medical Center‐Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamNetherlands
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11
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Hibar DP, Westlye LT, Doan NT, Jahanshad N, Cheung JW, Ching CRK, Versace A, Bilderbeck AC, Uhlmann A, Mwangi B, Krämer B, Overs B, Hartberg CB, Abé C, Dima D, Grotegerd D, Sprooten E, Bøen E, Jimenez E, Howells FM, Delvecchio G, Temmingh H, Starke J, Almeida JRC, Goikolea JM, Houenou J, Beard LM, Rauer L, Abramovic L, Bonnin M, Ponteduro MF, Keil M, Rive MM, Yao N, Yalin N, Najt P, Rosa PG, Redlich R, Trost S, Hagenaars S, Fears SC, Alonso-Lana S, van Erp TGM, Nickson T, Chaim-Avancini TM, Meier TB, Elvsåshagen T, Haukvik UK, Lee WH, Schene AH, Lloyd AJ, Young AH, Nugent A, Dale AM, Pfennig A, McIntosh AM, Lafer B, Baune BT, Ekman CJ, Zarate CA, Bearden CE, Henry C, Simhandl C, McDonald C, Bourne C, Stein DJ, Wolf DH, Cannon DM, Glahn DC, Veltman DJ, Pomarol-Clotet E, Vieta E, Canales-Rodriguez EJ, Nery FG, Duran FLS, Busatto GF, Roberts G, Pearlson GD, Goodwin GM, Kugel H, Whalley HC, Ruhe HG, Soares JC, Fullerton JM, Rybakowski JK, Savitz J, Chaim KT, Fatjó-Vilas M, Soeiro-de-Souza MG, Boks MP, Zanetti MV, Otaduy MCG, Schaufelberger MS, Alda M, Ingvar M, Phillips ML, Kempton MJ, Bauer M, Landén M, Lawrence NS, van Haren NEM, Horn NR, Freimer NB, Gruber O, Schofield PR, Mitchell PB, Kahn RS, Lenroot R, Machado-Vieira R, Ophoff RA, Sarró S, Frangou S, Satterthwaite TD, Hajek T, Dannlowski U, Malt UF, Arolt V, Gattaz WF, Drevets WC, Caseras X, Agartz I, Thompson PM, Andreassen OA. Cortical abnormalities in bipolar disorder: an MRI analysis of 6503 individuals from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:932-942. [PMID: 28461699 PMCID: PMC5668195 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) is still not well understood. Structural brain differences have been associated with BD, but results from neuroimaging studies have been inconsistent. To address this, we performed the largest study to date of cortical gray matter thickness and surface area measures from brain magnetic resonance imaging scans of 6503 individuals including 1837 unrelated adults with BD and 2582 unrelated healthy controls for group differences while also examining the effects of commonly prescribed medications, age of illness onset, history of psychosis, mood state, age and sex differences on cortical regions. In BD, cortical gray matter was thinner in frontal, temporal and parietal regions of both brain hemispheres. BD had the strongest effects on left pars opercularis (Cohen's d=-0.293; P=1.71 × 10-21), left fusiform gyrus (d=-0.288; P=8.25 × 10-21) and left rostral middle frontal cortex (d=-0.276; P=2.99 × 10-19). Longer duration of illness (after accounting for age at the time of scanning) was associated with reduced cortical thickness in frontal, medial parietal and occipital regions. We found that several commonly prescribed medications, including lithium, antiepileptic and antipsychotic treatment showed significant associations with cortical thickness and surface area, even after accounting for patients who received multiple medications. We found evidence of reduced cortical surface area associated with a history of psychosis but no associations with mood state at the time of scanning. Our analysis revealed previously undetected associations and provides an extensive analysis of potential confounding variables in neuroimaging studies of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA,Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - L T Westlye
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - N T Doan
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - N Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - J W Cheung
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - C R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA,Neuroscience Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Versace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A C Bilderbeck
- University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Groote Schuur Hospital (J-2), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B Mwangi
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B Krämer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Overs
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C B Hartberg
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - C Abé
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Dima
- Department of Psychology, City University London, London, UK,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D Grotegerd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - E Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Bøen
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Jimenez
- Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F M Howells
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - G Delvecchio
- IRCCS "E. Medea" Scientific Institute, San Vito al Tagliamento, Italy
| | - H Temmingh
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J Starke
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J R C Almeida
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - J M Goikolea
- Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Houenou
- INSERM U955 Team 15 ‘Translational Psychiatry’, University Paris East, APHP, CHU Mondor, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France,NeuroSpin, UNIACT Lab, Psychiatry Team, CEA Saclay, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - L M Beard
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L Rauer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Abramovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Bonnin
- Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M F Ponteduro
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Keil
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M M Rive
- Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - N Yalin
- Centre for Affective Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - P Najt
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - P G Rosa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Redlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - S Trost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Hagenaars
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S C Fears
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,West Los Angeles Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Alonso-Lana
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - T G M van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - T Nickson
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - T M Chaim-Avancini
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T B Meier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - T Elvsåshagen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - U K Haukvik
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Adult Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - W H Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - A H Schene
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A J Lloyd
- Academic Psychiatry and Northern Centre for Mood Disorders, Newcastle University/Northumberland Tyne & Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - A H Young
- Centre for Affective Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - A Nugent
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A M Dale
- MMIL, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA,Department of Cognitive Science, Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - A Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - B Lafer
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - C J Ekman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Henry
- INSERM U955 Team 15 ‘Translational Psychiatry’, University Paris East, APHP, CHU Mondor, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France,Institut Pasteur, Unité Perception et Mémoire, Paris, France
| | - C Simhandl
- Bipolar Center Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - C McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - C Bourne
- University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Department of Psychology & Counselling, Newman University, Birmingham, UK
| | - D J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Groote Schuur Hospital (J-2), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D M Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - D C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - D J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - E Vieta
- Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E J Canales-Rodriguez
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - F G Nery
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - F L S Duran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G F Busatto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Roberts
- School of Psychiatry and Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G D Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - G M Goodwin
- University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - H Kugel
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - H C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - H G Ruhe
- University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J C Soares
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA,Faculty of Community Medicine, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - K T Chaim
- Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,LIM44-Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Neuroradiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Fatjó-Vilas
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - M G Soeiro-de-Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M P Boks
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M V Zanetti
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C G Otaduy
- Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,LIM44-Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Neuroradiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M S Schaufelberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - M Ingvar
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M J Kempton
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Landén
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - N S Lawrence
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - N E M van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N R Horn
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N B Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - O Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - P B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry and Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Lenroot
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Machado-Vieira
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R A Ophoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - T D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T Hajek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada,National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - U Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - U F Malt
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Research and Education, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - V Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - W F Gattaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - W C Drevets
- Janssen Research & Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - X Caseras
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - I Agartz
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - P M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - O A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research—TOP Study, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Building 49, Kirkeveien 166, PO Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway. E-mail:
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Torres I, Garriga M, Sole B, Bonnín CM, Corrales M, Jiménez E, Sole E, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Vieta E, Goikolea JM, Martínez-Aran A. Functional impairment in adult bipolar disorder with ADHD. J Affect Disord 2018; 227:117-125. [PMID: 29055259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that patients with either bipolar disorder (BD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present functional impairment even when in remission. Nevertheless, research on functional impairment with adult patients with bipolar disorder comorbid to ADHD (BD+ADHD) is very scarce. The main objective of the current report was to evaluate the overall and specific domains of functioning, in patients with BD+ADHD compared to patients with pure bipolar disorder (pBD) and healthy controls (HCs). METHOD 162 subjects from 3 groups were compared: 63 pBD, 23 BD+ADHD and 76 HCs. All the patients with BD had been euthymic for at least 6 months and they were recruited at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. All the participants were assessed with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST). Clinical, and sociodemographic data were also recorded. RESULTS Clinical groups, pBD and BD+ADHD, showed lower overall functioning (p < 0.001) in each domain of the FAST scale compared to the HCs. Moreover, the Tukey post hoc test revealed that the BD+ADHD group showed a worse score than pBD in the cognitive domain of the FAST. However, after controlling for potential confounding variables, only the HDRS scores (p < 0.026) remained significant for the cognitive domain of the FAST. LIMITATIONS The small sample size of the comorbid BD+ADHD group. CONCLUSIONS Adult patients with BD+ADHD showed the worst scores in functioning compared with the HCs, but did not show more severe functional impairment than the pBD group except for the cognitive domain. Therefore our findings suggest that depressive symptoms in adults with BD+ADHD may negatively influence cognitive functioning. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings for the management of BD+ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imma Torres
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marina Garriga
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Brisa Sole
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Caterina M Bonnín
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montse Corrales
- ADHD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Esther Jiménez
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eva Sole
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep A Ramos-Quiroga
- ADHD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jose M Goikolea
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anabel Martínez-Aran
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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13
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Torres I, Sole B, Corrales M, Jiménez E, Rotger S, Serra-Pla JF, Forcada I, Richarte V, Mora E, Jacas C, Gómez N, Mur M, Colom F, Vieta E, Casas M, Martinez-Aran A, Goikolea JM, Ramos-Quiroga JA. Are patients with bipolar disorder and comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder more neurocognitively impaired? Bipolar Disord 2017; 19:637-650. [PMID: 28941032 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research on neurocognitive impairment in adult patients with comorbid bipolar disorder (BD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is very scarce. This study assessed the neurocognitive profile of a comorbid group (BD+ADHD) compared with that of pure BD (pBD) group, pure ADHD (pADHD) group and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS This was a three-site study comprising 229 subjects: 70 patients with pBD, 23 with BD+ADHD, 50 with pADHD, and 86 HCs. All patients with BD had been euthymic for at least 6 months. Neuropsychological performance was assessed using a comprehensive neurocognitive battery. RESULTS Our results showed that all the clinical groups had poorer performance than the HCs in all the neurocognitive domains except for executive functions. No significant differences were observed between the pBD and BD+ADHD groups in any of the cognitive domains, with these two groups showing greater impairment than the pADHD group in executive functions and visual memory. CONCLUSIONS Our results, although preliminary, suggest that the BD+ADHD group showed the same neurocognitive profile as pBD patients, most likely reflecting the same neurobiological basis. On the other hand, the pADHD group showed a more selective moderate impairment in attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imma Torres
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Brisa Sole
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montse Corrales
- ADHD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Esther Jiménez
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sofia Rotger
- Psychiatric Service, Santa Maria University Hospital, IRB Lleida (Biomedicine Research, Institute), University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Serra-Pla
- ADHD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Irene Forcada
- Psychiatric Service, Santa Maria University Hospital, IRB Lleida (Biomedicine Research, Institute), University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vanesa Richarte
- ADHD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ester Mora
- Children and Adolescents Center of Mental Health, Sant Joan de Déu Lleida, University of Lleida, IRB Lleida (Biomedicine Research Institute), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos Jacas
- ADHD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nuria Gómez
- ADHD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria Mur
- Psychiatric Service, Santa Maria University Hospital, IRB Lleida (Biomedicine Research, Institute), University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Colom
- Mental Health Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Casas
- ADHD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anabel Martinez-Aran
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jose M Goikolea
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep A Ramos-Quiroga
- ADHD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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14
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Murru A, Torra M, Callari A, Pacchiarotti I, Romero S, Gonzalez de la Presa B, Varo C, Goikolea JM, Pérez-Sola V, Vieta E, Colom F. A study on the bioequivalence of lithium and valproate salivary and blood levels in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:744-750. [PMID: 28666638 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) and valproate (VPA) are used in the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD), with narrow therapeutic window requiring periodic control of serum levels. This prevents intoxication, lack of efficacy due to low serum concentrations, and allows monitoring adherence. We aimed at evaluating the bioequivalence of salivary and blood levels of LI or VPA in a sample of adult BD patients. Secondarily, lithium bioequivalence was evaluated across different patients' lifespans. BD patients treated with either Li or VPA underwent contemporary standard serum and salivary measurements. Blood levels of both drugs were taken according to standard procedures. Li salivary levels were performed by an adapted potentiometric method on the AVL9180 electrolyte analyzer. VPA salivary levels were taken with an immune-assay method with turbidimetric inhibition. A total of 50 patients (38 on Li, 12 on VPA) were enrolled. Blood-saliva bioequivalence for VPA was not found due to a high variability in salivary measures. Li measures resulted in a high correlation (r=0.767, p<0.001), showing no partial correlation with age (r=0.147, p=0.380). Li salivary test is a reliable method of measuring Li availability and is equivalent to serum levels. Potential advantages of Li salivary testing are its non-invasive nature and the possibility of doing the test during the usual appointment with the psychiatrist.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Murru
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Torra
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biomedical Diagnosis Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Callari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 44, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - I Pacchiarotti
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
| | - S Romero
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, CIBERSAM, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
| | - B Gonzalez de la Presa
- CORE Laboratory - Centre de Diagnòstic Biomédic Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Varo
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J M Goikolea
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
| | - V Pérez-Sola
- Mental Health Group, IMIM Hospital del Mar, CIBERSAM, Plaza Charles Darwin, sn, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E Vieta
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
| | - F Colom
- Mental Health Group, IMIM Hospital del Mar, CIBERSAM, Plaza Charles Darwin, sn, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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15
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Alonso-Lana S, Valentí M, Romaguera A, Sarri C, Sarró S, Rodríguez-Martínez A, Goikolea JM, Amann BL, Maristany T, Salvador R, Vieta E, McKenna PJ, Pomarol-Clotet E. Brain functional changes in first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder: evidence for default mode network dysfunction. Psychol Med 2016; 46:2513-2521. [PMID: 27334766 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716001148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively few studies have investigated whether relatives of patients with bipolar disorder show brain functional changes, and these have focused on activation changes. Failure of de-activation during cognitive task performance is also seen in the disorder and may have trait-like characteristics since it has been found in euthymia. METHOD A total of 20 euthymic patients with bipolar disorder, 20 of their unaffected siblings and 40 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during performance of the n-back working memory task. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was fitted to individual whole-brain maps from each set of patient-relative-matched pair of controls. Clusters of significant difference among the groups were used as regions of interest to compare mean activations/de-activations between them. RESULTS A single cluster of significant difference among the three groups was found in the whole-brain ANOVA. This was located in the medial prefrontal cortex, a region of task-related de-activation in the healthy controls. Both the patients and their siblings showed significantly reduced de-activation compared with the healthy controls in this region, but the failure was less marked in the relatives. CONCLUSIONS Failure to de-activate the medial prefrontal cortex in both euthymic bipolar patients and their unaffected siblings adds to evidence for default mode network dysfunction in the disorder, and suggests that it may act as a trait marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alonso-Lana
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation,Barcelona,Spain
| | - M Valentí
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic,University of Barcelona,IDIBAPS,Barcelona,Spain
| | - A Romaguera
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation,Barcelona,Spain
| | - C Sarri
- Benito Menni Complex Assistencial en Salut Mental,Barcelona,Spain
| | - S Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation,Barcelona,Spain
| | | | - J M Goikolea
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic,University of Barcelona,IDIBAPS,Barcelona,Spain
| | - B L Amann
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation,Barcelona,Spain
| | - T Maristany
- Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Infantil,Barcelona,Spain
| | - R Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation,Barcelona,Spain
| | - E Vieta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM),Madrid,Spain
| | - P J McKenna
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation,Barcelona,Spain
| | - E Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation,Barcelona,Spain
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16
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Jiménez E, Arias B, Mitjans M, Goikolea JM, Ruíz V, Brat M, Sáiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Burón P, Bobes J, Oquendo MA, Vieta E, Benabarre A. Clinical features, impulsivity, temperament and functioning and their role in suicidality in patients with bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 133:266-76. [PMID: 26726104 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to analyse sociodemographic and clinical differences between non-suicidal (NS) bipolar patients (BP), BP reporting only suicidal ideation (SI) and BP suicide attempters according to Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SRSS) criteria. Secondarily, we also investigated whether the C-SRSS Intensity Scale was associated with emergence of suicidal behaviour (SB). METHOD A total of 215 euthymic bipolar out-patients were recruited. Semistructured interviews including the C-SRSS were used to assess sociodemographic and clinical data. Patients were grouped according to C-SRSS criteria: patients who scored ≤1 on the Severity Scale were classified as NS. The remaining patients were grouped into two groups: 'patients with history of SI' and 'patients with history of SI and SB' according to whether they did or did not have a past actual suicide attempt respectively. RESULTS Patients from the three groups differed in illness onset, diagnosis, number of episodes and admissions, family history, comorbidities, rapid cycling and medication, as well as level of education, functioning, impulsivity and temperamental profile. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that increased impulsivity, higher rates of psychiatric admissions and a reported poor controllability of SI significantly increased the risk for suicidal acts among patients presenting SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jiménez
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - B Arias
- Anthropology Section, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Mitjans
- Anthropology Section, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J M Goikolea
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - V Ruíz
- Institut Clinic de Neurociencies, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Brat
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - P A Sáiz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain.,Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - M P García-Portilla
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain.,Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - P Burón
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J Bobes
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain.,Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - M A Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Vieta
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Benabarre
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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17
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San L, Arranz B, Dual Pathology Clinical Practice Guide EGF, Arrojo M, Becoña E, Bernardo M, Caballero L, Castells X, Cunill R, Florez G, Franco MD, Garriga M, Goikolea JM, González-Pinto A, Landabaso M, López A, Martinez-Raga J, Merino A, Paramo M, Rubio G, Safont G, Saiz PA, Solà I, Tirado J, Torrens M, Zorrilla I. Clinical guideline for the treatment of dual pathology in the adult population. Adicciones 2016; 28:3-5. [PMID: 26990384 DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Amann BL, Canales-Rodríguez EJ, Madre M, Radua J, Monte G, Alonso-Lana S, Landin-Romero R, Moreno-Alcázar A, Bonnin CM, Sarró S, Ortiz-Gil J, Gomar JJ, Moro N, Fernandez-Corcuera P, Goikolea JM, Blanch J, Salvador R, Vieta E, McKenna PJ, Pomarol-Clotet E. Brain structural changes in schizoaffective disorder compared to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 133:23-33. [PMID: 25968549 PMCID: PMC5029760 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain structural changes in schizoaffective disorder, and how far they resemble those seen in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, have only been studied to a limited extent. METHOD Forty-five patients meeting DSM-IV and RDC criteria for schizoaffective disorder, groups of patients with 45 matched schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and 45 matched healthy controls were examined using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). RESULTS Analyses comparing each patient group with the healthy control subjects found that the patients with schizoaffective disorder and the patients with schizophrenia showed widespread and overlapping areas of significant volume reduction, but the patients with bipolar disorder did not. A subsequent analysis compared the combined group of patients with the controls followed by extraction of clusters. In regions where the patients differed significantly from the controls, no significant differences in mean volume between patients with schizoaffective disorder and patients with schizophrenia in any of five regions of volume reduction were found, but mean volumes in the patients with bipolar disorder were significantly smaller in three of five. CONCLUSION The findings provide evidence that, in terms of structural gray matter brain abnormality, schizoaffective disorder resembles schizophrenia more than bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Amann
- FIDMAG Research Foundation Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - E J Canales-Rodríguez
- FIDMAG Research Foundation Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Madre
- FIDMAG Research Foundation Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Doctorat de Psiquiatria i Psicologia Clínica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Radua
- FIDMAG Research Foundation Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G Monte
- FIDMAG Research Foundation Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Alonso-Lana
- FIDMAG Research Foundation Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Landin-Romero
- FIDMAG Research Foundation Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Moreno-Alcázar
- FIDMAG Research Foundation Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C M Bonnin
- Hospital Benito Menni CASM, Sant Boi, Spain
| | - S Sarró
- FIDMAG Research Foundation Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Ortiz-Gil
- FIDMAG Research Foundation Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital General de Granollers, Granollers, Spain
| | - J J Gomar
- FIDMAG Research Foundation Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Moro
- FIDMAG Research Foundation Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Benito Menni CASM, Sant Boi, Spain
| | | | - J M Goikolea
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Blanch
- Department of Radiology, Hospital San Juan de Deú, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Salvador
- FIDMAG Research Foundation Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Vieta
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P J McKenna
- FIDMAG Research Foundation Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Research Foundation Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Torres I, Gómez N, Colom F, Jiménez E, Bosch R, Bonnín CM, Martínez-Aran A, Casas M, Vieta E, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Goikolea JM. Bipolar disorder with comorbid attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Main clinical features and clues for an accurate diagnosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015; 132:389-99. [PMID: 25900393 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adult patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and identify differential clinical features for a better diagnosis. METHOD A total of 163 euthymic bipolar out-patients were screened for ADHD with the ASRS.V1 and the WURS at a BD Unit. Patients with a positive screening were assessed with the CAADID, at an ADHD unit. Sociodemographic and clinical features of the groups with and without ADHD were compared. RESULTS Lifetime prevalence of comorbid ADHD was 17.9% (10.5% for adult ADHD and 7.4% for childhood ADHD). The BD + ADHD group showed more suicidal behaviour although less severe. Comorbidity was also more common, especially regarding substance use disorders. Nevertheless, these patients did not show more affective episodes or hospitalizations and suffered more atypical but less melancholic depression. However, they required more treatment with psychotherapy and valproate. One-third of positive screenings at the ASRS were false; a severe course of BD was the hallmark of this subgroup. CONCLUSION Adult patients with BD and ADHD show differential clinical features, but not a more severe course of BD. Comorbidity with substance abuse is a big issue, deserving special clinical attention. Better screening tools are necessary to avoid overdiagnosis of comorbid ADHD in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Torres
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clínic i Universitari, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - N Gómez
- ADHD Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - F Colom
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clínic i Universitari, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E Jiménez
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clínic i Universitari, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R Bosch
- ADHD Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C M Bonnín
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clínic i Universitari, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Martínez-Aran
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clínic i Universitari, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Casas
- ADHD Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E Vieta
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clínic i Universitari, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J A Ramos-Quiroga
- ADHD Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Goikolea
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clínic i Universitari, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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20
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Popovic D, Benabarre A, Crespo JM, Goikolea JM, González-Pinto A, Gutiérrez-Rojas L, Montes JM, Vieta E. Risk factors for suicide in schizophrenia: systematic review and clinical recommendations. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2014; 130:418-26. [PMID: 25230813 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors associated with suicide of patients with schizophrenia and provide clinical recommendations, which integrate research findings into a consensus based on clinical experience and evidence. METHOD A task force formed of experts and clinicians iteratively developed consensus through serial revisions using the Delphi method. Initial survey items were based on systematic literature review published up to June 2013. RESULTS Various risk factors were reported to be implicated in suicide in schizophrenia. Our findings indicate that suicide risk in schizophrenia is mainly related to affective symptoms, history of a suicide attempt and number of psychiatric admissions. Other risk factors identified are given by younger age, closeness to illness onset, older age at illness onset, male sex, substance abuse and period during or following psychiatric discharge. Integrating the evidence and the experience of the task force members, a consensus was reached on 14 clinical recommendations. CONCLUSION Identification of risk factors for suicide in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia is imperative to improve clinical management and develop strategies to reduce the incidence of suicide in this population. This study provides the critical overview of available data and clinical recommendations on recognition and management of the above-mentioned risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Popovic
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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21
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Popovic D, Torrent C, Goikolea JM, Cruz N, Sánchez-Moreno J, González-Pinto A, Vieta E. Clinical implications of predominant polarity and the polarity index in bipolar disorder: a naturalistic study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2014; 129:366-74. [PMID: 23865756 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Predominant polarity (PP) is an important variable in maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (BD). This study aimed at determining the role of polarity index (PI), a metric indicating antimanic versus antidepressive prophylactic potential of drugs, in clinical decision-making. METHOD Two hundred and fifty-seven of 604 (43%) of patients with BD-I or II fulfilled criteria for manic (MPP) or depressive PP (DPP). The PI, representing the ratio of number needed to treat (NNT) for depression prevention to NNT for mania prevention, was calculated for patients' current treatment. MPP and DPP groups were compared regarding sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics. RESULTS One hundred and forty-three patients (55.6%) fulfilled criteria for DPP and 114 (44.4%) for MPP. Total PI, Antipsychotics' PI, and mood stabilizers PI were higher, indicating a stronger antimanic action, in MPP. MPP presented higher prevalence of BD-I, male gender, younger age, age at onset and at first hospitalization, more hospitalizations, primary substance misuse, and psychotic symptoms. DP correlated with BD-II, depressive onset, primary life events, melancholia, and suicide attempts. CONCLUSION The results confirm the usefulness of the PI. In this large sample, clinical differences among these groups justify differential treatment approach. The PI appears to be a useful operationalization of what clinicians do for maintenance therapy in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Popovic
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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22
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Jiménez E, Arias B, Mitjans M, Goikolea JM, Roda E, Ruíz V, Pérez A, Sáiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Burón P, Bobes J, Vieta E, Benabarre A. Association between GSK3β gene and increased impulsivity in bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:510-8. [PMID: 24486183 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar patients present increased levels of impulsivity even during remission periods. It is known that this dimensional trait negatively impacts on the course of illness and worsens their prognosis and outcome. Evidence from both basic and clinical researches supports that Lithium (Li) may decrease impulsivity. Owing to the fact that Li inhibits both glycogen synthetase kinase-3 (GSK3) isoenzimes, our aim was to analyze the potential impact of genetic variants located at the GSK3 α and β genes on impulsivity levels in a bipolar sample. Our sample consisted of 199 unrelated Caucasian bipolar outpatients who were recruited from the Bipolar Disorder Unit of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and from primary care settings from Oviedo. Four polymorphisms at the GSK3 α and β genes were genotyped in order to analyze the impact of genetic variability on impulsivity as measured by the BIS-11 scale. Single SNP analysis showed that patients carrying T and G alleles at the rs1732170-GSK3β and the rs334558-GSK3β, respectively, presented increased levels of attentional impulsivity compared to non-carriers. These results were also confirmed by haplotype analysis. Our results suggest that genetic variability at GSK3β gene is associated to increased impulsivity in bipolar patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Jiménez
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bárbara Arias
- Department of Animal Biology, Anthropology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marina Mitjans
- Department of Animal Biology, Anthropology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jose M Goikolea
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Esther Roda
- Institut Clinic de Neurociencies, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Victoria Ruíz
- Institut Clinic de Neurociencies, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez
- Institut Clinic de Neurociencies, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pilar A Sáiz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - M Paz García-Portilla
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Patricia Burón
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Antoni Benabarre
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Abstract
Atypical antipsychotics have been used to treat patients with schizophrenia for many years, but now there is increasing evidence of their utility in the treatment of mood disorders. In the past few years, several atypical agents have received regulatory approval for use in mania. The evidence shows that atypical antipsychotics are effective in the treatment of manic symptoms, either alone or in combination with traditional mood stabilizers, such as lithium and divalproex. Although emerging data indicate that atypical antipsychotics will be a promising addition to those therapies that are currently available for managing patients during the maintenance phase of bipolar illness, their potential in the long-term management of bipolar disorder remains to be fully explored. Aripiprazole is a recently released antipsychotic medication that differs from other atypical antipsychotic agents by its mode of action as a dopamine D2 partial agonist. It is administered orally and has a long half-life. Randomized studies have demonstrated the efficacy of aripiprazole compared with placebo in the treatment of acute relapse of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, maintenance treatment of schizophrenia, treatment of acute mania, and prevention of manic relapse in patients who responded to the drug during a manic episode. Further studies are ongoing in bipolar and unipolar depression. Aripiprazole is generally well tolerated compared with other antipsychotic medications, although commonly reported side effects include extrapyramidal symptoms and motoric activation similar to akathisia. Further studies and postmarketing data will be helpful in providing additional information regarding the comparative safety, efficacy and tolerability of aripiprazole in the treatment of affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita García-Amador
- Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
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Jiménez E, Arias B, Mitjans M, Goikolea JM, Roda E, Sáiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Burón P, Bobes J, Oquendo MA, Vieta E, Benabarre A. Genetic variability at IMPA2, INPP1 and GSK3β increases the risk of suicidal behavior in bipolar patients. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:1452-62. [PMID: 23453640 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar patients (BP) are at high risk of suicide. Causal factors underlying suicidal behavior are still unclear. However, it has been shown that lithium has antisuicidal properties. Genes involved in its putative mechanism of action such as the phosphoinositol and the Wnt/β-catenine pathways could be considered candidates for suicidal behavior (SB). Our aim was to investigate the association of the IMPA1 and 2, INPP1, GSK3α and β genes with suicidal behavior in BP. 199 BP were recruited. Polymorphisms at the IMPA1 (rs915, rs1058401 and rs2268432) and IMPA2 (rs66938, rs1020294, rs1250171 and rs630110), INPP1 (rs3791809, rs4853694 and 909270), GSK3α (rs3745233) and GSK3β (rs334558, rs1732170 and rs11921360) genes were genotyped. All patients were grouped and compared according to the presence or not of history of SB (defined as the presence of at least one previous suicidal attempt). Single SNP analyses showed that suicide attempters had higher frequencies of AA genotype of the rs669838-IMPA2 and GG genotype of the rs4853694-INPP1gene compared to non-attempters. Results also revealed that T-allele carriers of the rs1732170-GSK3β gene and A-allele carriers of the rs11921360-GSK3β gene had a higher risk for attempting suicide. Haplotype analysis showed that attempters had lower frequencies of A:A haplotype (rs4853694:rs909270) at the INPP1 gene. Higher frequencies of the C:A haplotype and lower frequencies of the A:C haplotype at the GSK-3β gene (rs1732170:rs11921360) were also found to be associated to SB in BP. Therefore, our results suggest that genetic variability at IMPA2, INPP1 and GSK3β genes is associated with the emergence of SB in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jiménez
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Grande I, Goikolea JM, de Dios C, González-Pinto A, Montes JM, Saiz-Ruiz J, Prieto E, Vieta E. Occupational disability in bipolar disorder: analysis of predictors of being on severe disablement benefit (PREBIS study data). Acta Psychiatr Scand 2013; 127:403-11. [PMID: 22924855 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD) are reported to have significant work impairment during interepisode intervals. This study was carried out to assess potential predictors of occupational disability in a longitudinal follow-up of euthymic patients. METHOD We included 327 euthymic patients diagnosed with BD type I or type II, 226 of whom were employed and 101 were receiving a severe disablement benefit (SDB). Sociodemographic data were studied and episode recurrence was assessed along a 1-year follow-up. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine predictors of receiving SDB. Cox regression was built to study recurrences. RESULTS Predictors of receiving SDB were: axis II comorbidity [Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.94, CI: 1.26-6.86, P = 0.013], number of manic episodes (OR = 1.21, CI: 1.10-1.34, P < 0.001), being without stable partner (OR = 2.44, CI: 1.34-4.44, P = 0.004) and older age (OR = 1.08, CI: 1.05-1.12, P < 0.001). Bipolar patients receiving SDB presented more episodic recurrences regardless of polarity than employed bipolar patients (P = 0.002). The time until recurrence in 25% of the bipolar patients receiving SDB was 6.08 months (CI: 4.44-11.77) being 13.08 months (CI: 9.60 to -) in the employed group. CONCLUSION Occupational disability in bipolar patients is associated with axis II comorbidity, more previous manic episodes, not having a stable relationship, older age, and more recurrences at 1-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Grande
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
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Goikolea JM, Colom F, Capapey J, Torres I, Valenti M, Grande I, Undurraga J, Vieta E. Faster onset of antimanic action with haloperidol compared to second-generation antipsychotics. A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials in acute mania. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:305-16. [PMID: 22841129 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND there is a lack of scientific data regarding speed of action of antimanic treatments, a relevant issue in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE to assess differences in the speed of onset of antimanic efficacy between haloperidol (as most studied first-generation antipsychotic) and second-generation antipsychotics. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES meta-analysis of double-blind randomized clinical trials in acute mania, comparing treatment with haloperidol and with second-generation antipsychotics. Search was conducted in MEDLINE and CENTRAL databases (last search: September 2011). Differences in mania scale score reduction at week 1 were assessed. RESULTS 8 randomized clinical trials fulfilled inclusion criteria and 1 of them was excluded due to low methodological quality. 2037 Manic patients had been treated with antipsychotics in the 7 trials. Haloperidol was found to be significantly more efficacious in the reduction of the mania scale score at week 1. The effect size was small, the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) being 0.17, with a 95% Confidence Interval ranging from 0.01 to 0.32. Haloperidol was significantly more efficacious than olanzapine (SMD: 0.40 [0.21, 0.59]) and ziprasidone (0.39 [0.18, 0.61]). A non-significant trend towards superiority of haloperidol was found over aripiprazole (SMD: 0.13 [-0.02, 0.19]). There were no significant differences between haloperidol and quetiapine (0.17 [-0.11, 0.44]), and haloperidol and risperidone (SMD: -0.10 [0.30, 0.09]). CONCLUSIONS haloperidol shows a faster onset of antimanic action than second-generation antipsychotics. This difference may be related to D2 affinity. Haloperidol may be considered a treatment option in severely ill manic patients who require urgent relief of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Goikolea
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Goikolea JM, Colom F, Torres I, Capapey J, Valentí M, Undurraga J, Grande I, Sanchez-Moreno J, Vieta E. Lower rate of depressive switch following antimanic treatment with second-generation antipsychotics versus haloperidol. J Affect Disord 2013; 144:191-8. [PMID: 23089129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of acute mania with second-generation antipsychotics has been claimed to involve a lower risk of switch to depression than haloperidol. However, clinical guidelines clearly state that this is not a proven fact. METHODS Meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials in acute mania, comparing rates of switch to depression with atypical antipsychotics and with haloperidol. Search was conducted in MEDLINE and CENTRAL databases (last search: September 2011). RESULTS 8 randomized clinical trials fulfilled inclusion criteria. 2 of them were excluded because of low methodological quality or lack of data. 5 second-generation antipsychotics (aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone) were compared to haloperidol. In the mixed effects model the Risk Ratio for depressive switch was 0.71 (0.52, 0.96) favouring atypical antipsychotics. In the random effects model the difference did not reach statistical significance. In the heterogeneity analysis, exclusion of an outlying aripiprazole trial yielded a Risk Ratio of 0.58 (0.42, 0.82) with a non-significant heterogeneity test. Although no atypical antipsychotic was individually significantly superior to haloperidol, a trend could be seen favouring olanzapine (RR=0.56 [0.29, 1.08]), quetiapine (RR=0.36 [0.10, 1.33]), and ziprasidone (RR=0.51 [0.22, 1.18]). LIMITATIONS All trials were industry supported, with some variability in dosage of haloperidol. Switch to depression was not the primary outcome of the trials. Heterogeneity could be explained as a lack of class-effect for atypicals. CONCLUSIONS Treating acute mania with atypicals is associated to 42% less risk of switch to depression than with haloperidol. Nevertheless, caution should be taken when considering this a class effect, as only olanzapine, quetiapine, and ziprasidone may show a better profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Goikolea
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Madre M, Pomarol-Clotet E, McKenna P, Radua J, Ortiz-Gil J, Panicali F, Goikolea JM, Vieta E, Sarró S, Salvador R, Amann BL. Brain functional abnormality in schizo-affective disorder: an fMRI study. Psychol Med 2013; 43:143-153. [PMID: 22583916 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712000943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizo-affective disorder has not been studied to any significant extent using functional imaging. The aim of this study was to examine patterns of brain activation and deactivation in patients meeting strict diagnostic criteria for the disorder. METHOD Thirty-two patients meeting research diagnostic criteria (RDC) for schizo-affective disorder (16 schizomanic and 16 schizodepressive) and 32 matched healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of the n-back task. Linear models were used to obtain maps of activations and deactivations in the groups. RESULTS Controls showed activation in a network of frontal and other areas and also deactivation in the medial frontal cortex, the precuneus and the parietal cortex. Schizo-affective patients activated significantly less in prefrontal, parietal and temporal regions than the controls, and also showed failure of deactivation in the medial frontal cortex. When task performance was controlled for, the reduced activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the failure of deactivation of the medial frontal cortex remained significant. CONCLUSIONS Schizo-affective disorder shows a similar pattern of reduced frontal activation to schizophrenia. The disorder is also characterized by failure of deactivation suggestive of default mode network dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Madre
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Spain
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Amann B, Gomar JJ, Ortiz-Gil J, McKenna P, Sans-Sansa B, Sarró S, Moro N, Madre M, Landin-Romero R, Vieta E, Goikolea JM, Salvador R, Pomarol-Clotet E. Executive dysfunction and memory impairment in schizoaffective disorder: a comparison with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and healthy controls. Psychol Med 2012; 42:2127-2135. [PMID: 22357405 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in memory and executive performance are well-established features of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. By contrast, data on cognitive impairment in schizoaffective disorder are scarce and the findings are conflicting. METHOD We used the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-III) and the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) to test memory and executive function in 45 schizophrenic patients, 26 schizomanic patients and 51 manic bipolar patients in comparison to 65 healthy controls. The patients were tested when acutely ill. RESULTS All three patient groups performed significantly more poorly than the controls on global measures of memory and executive functioning, but there were no differences among the patient groups. There were few differences in memory and executive function subtest scores within the patient groups. There were no differences in any test scores between manic patients with and without psychotic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Schizophrenic, schizomanic and manic patients show a broadly similar degree of executive and memory deficits in the acute phase of illness. Our results do not support a categorical differentiation across different psychotic categories with regard to neuropsychological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Amann
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitaláries Barcelona, Spain.
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Jiménez E, Arias B, Castellví P, Goikolea JM, Rosa AR, Fañanás L, Vieta E, Benabarre A. Impulsivity and functional impairment in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2012; 136:491-7. [PMID: 22129768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity is substantially higher in bipolar patients (BP) and may be associated with a more severe course of illness, but no studies have so far examined the relationship between impulsivity and functional outcome in BP. Our goal was to investigate the functional impact of trait-impulsivity in BP. METHODS 138 euthymic BP were recruited. All patients were assessed using an interview based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID). The Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) were used to assess functional outcome and impulsivity, respectively. Seven multiple linear regressions, with each individual FAST subscale scores and overall FAST score as dependant variables, were conducted in order to evaluate the predictive role of trait-impulsivity on functional outcome. RESULTS After a multiple linear regression model, with the FAST total score as dependent variable, we found that depressive symptoms (β=1.580; p<0.001), number of hospitalizations (β=0.837; p=0.019) and impulsivity (β=0.319; p=0.004) were independently associated with overall functional impairment (F=6.854, df=9, p<0.001, adjusted R2=0.311). LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design of the study. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that impulsivity, as well as depressive symptoms and the number of hospitalizations, is associated with overall functional impairment in BP. The assessment and treatment of impulsivity may be useful in improving functional outcome in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jiménez
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Colom F, Cruz N, Pacchiarotti I, Mazzarini L, Goikolea JM, Popova E, Torrent C, Vieta E. Postpartum bipolar episodes are not distinct from spontaneous episodes: implications for DSM-V. J Affect Disord 2010; 126:61-4. [PMID: 20226538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.02.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DSM course modifiers should be based on enough evidence on his impact in the clinical prognosis of patients presenting with a certain clinical feature. The presence of postpartum onset of a mood episode in bipolar disorders has not been sufficiently studied. This is the first prospective clinical study comparing female bipolar patients with and without lifetime history of postpartum mood episode. METHODS Systematic prospective follow-up (12 years) of 200 female bipolar I or II patients with or without history of postpartum episodes. Postpartum mood episode was defined according to DSM-IV criteria. Patients with and without postpartum onset of a mood episode were compared regarding clinical and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS Lifetime history of postpartum episode was present in 43 patients and absent in 137 patients. Twenty patients were excluded from the study because lack of agreement of the two independent psychiatrist. Both groups showed almost no differences regarding clinical features, functioning or severity. LIMITATIONS The present study does not take account of potential factors that may influence the outcome of a postpartum episode, including obstetric complications and social support before delivery. Similarly, dimensional and qualitative aspects of bipolar disorder were not included in our analysis. CONCLUSION The role of postpartum onset as a DSM course modifier should be reconsidered, as it seems to have no impact on prognosis or functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Colom
- Bipolar Disorders Program, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Sanchez-Moreno J, Martinez-Aran A, Colom F, Scott J, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Sugranyes G, Torrent C, Daban C, Benabarre A, Goikolea JM, Franco C, González-Pinto A, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Vieta E. Neurocognitive dysfunctions in euthymic bipolar patients with and without prior history of alcohol use. J Clin Psychiatry 2009; 70:1120-7. [PMID: 19758523 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.08m04302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the additional complications associated with alcohol misuse in bipolar populations, it is generally the case that studies exploring neurocognitive aspects of bipolar disorder specifically exclude patients with alcohol abuse or dependence. Given the role of cognitive dysfunctions in overall illness outcome, this study addressed the neurocognitive functioning of patients with a history of alcohol abuse or dependence as compared to bipolar patients without such a history and healthy controls. METHOD The study sample included 100 subjects: 65 bipolar patients, 30 of whom with a history of alcohol abuse or dependence and 35 without a previous history of alcohol abuse or dependence, based on DSM-IV criteria, and a control group of 35 healthy subjects. Comprehensive neuropsychological tests were carried out during strictly defined clinical remission. Differences between groups were analyzed and a linear regression analysis was undertaken to establish predictors of psychosocial functioning as measured using the Global Assessment of Functioning. Data were collected from September 2006 to July 2007. RESULTS Bipolar patients with a history of alcohol abuse or dependence obtained lower scores in the interference task of the Stroop test compared to the control group. Both patient groups showed a poorer performance in some verbal memory and executive function measures than healthy controls. Verbal learning impairment was significantly associated with poor psychosocial functioning. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive dysfunctions appeared to be more strongly associated with bipolar disorder than with the "history of alcohol abuse or dependence" factor. Bipolar patients with history of alcohol misuse may have greater difficulties of inhibitory control, probably due to higher impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Sanchez-Moreno
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Spain
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Colom F, Vieta E, Sánchez-Moreno J, Palomino-Otiniano R, Reinares M, Goikolea JM, Benabarre A, Martínez-Arán A. Group psychoeducation for stabilised bipolar disorders: 5-year outcome of a randomised clinical trial. Br J Psychiatry 2009; 194:260-5. [PMID: 19252157 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.107.040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term efficacy of psychological interventions for bipolar disorders has not been tested. AIMS This study assessed the efficacy of group psychoeducation to prevent recurrences and to reduce time spent ill for people with bipolar disorders. METHOD A randomised controlled trial with masked outcome assessment comparing group psychoeducation and non-structured group intervention during 5-year follow-up. One hundred and twenty people with bipolar disorders were included in the study and 99 completed 5-year follow-up. Time to any recurrence, number of recurrences, total number of days spent ill, frequency and length of hospitalisations were the main outcome measures. RESULTS At the 5-year follow-up, time to any recurrence was longer for the psychoeducation group (log rank=9.953, P<0.002). The psychoeducation group had fewer recurrences (3.86 v. 8.37, F=23.6, P<0.0001) of any type and they spent less time acutely ill (154 v. 586 days, F=31.66, P=0.0001). The median number of days of hospitalisation per hospitalised participant was also lower for the psychoeducation group (45 v. 30, F=4.26, P=0.047). CONCLUSIONS Six-month group psychoeducation has long-lasting prophylactic effects in individuals with bipolar disorders. Group psychoeducation is the first psychological intervention showing such a long-term maintained efficacy in people with bipolar disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Colom
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Colom F, Vieta E, Sánchez-Moreno J, Goikolea JM, Popova E, Bonnin CM, Scott J. Psychoeducation for bipolar II disorder: an exploratory, 5-year outcome subanalysis. J Affect Disord 2009; 112:30-5. [PMID: 18486237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2008.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar II represents a significant subgroup of bipolar patients. However, there is limited evidence regarding the efficacy of pharmacological and/or psychosocial therapies. METHOD Post-hoc analyses were undertaken using data on 20 (out of 120) patients who fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for BP II who had participated in a single-blind randomized controlled treatment trial (RCT) exploring the acute and long-term efficacy of group psychoeducation plus standard pharmacological treatment as compared with unstructured support groups plus standard pharmacological treatment. Eight BP II subjects had been randomized to a psychoeducation group and 12 to an unstructured support group. RESULTS Psychoeducated, as compared to control group bipolar II patients, had significantly better 5-year outcomes, with lower mean number of BP episodes (p<.02), hypomanic episodes (p<.03) and depressive episodes (p<.03), fewer days spent in mood episodes (p=.004) and higher mean levels of functioning (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS Although these findings should be treated with caution, it appears that psychoeducation plus medication can benefit bipolar II subjects. Dedicated treatment trials will need to clarify whether these therapies require modifications in duration and/or content to meet the needs of bipolar II patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Colom
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Casas M, Franco MD, Goikolea JM, Jiménez-Arriero MA, Martínez-Raga J, Roncero C, Szerman N. Bipolar disorder associated to substance use disorders (dual diagnosis). Systematic review of the scientific evidence and expert consensus. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2008; 36:350-361. [PMID: 18803031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present work focuses on the so-called dual diagnosis (DD): bipolar disorder (BD) associated with substance use disorders (SUD). Although the psychiatrists who treat patients with BD and physicians in charge of patients with SUD frequently find this association with DD, unfortunately there are few scientific works that have studied this association. The Spanish Working Group on Bipolar Disorders in Dual Diagnosis reviewed the published material using a Medline search and selected the most relevant articles. Following this, the Work Group developed an expert consensus in DD and finally, a survey was performed among a group of experts in this disorder to cover the areas that were not fully addressed by the scientific evidence or in those areas in which the Work Group was unable to reach a consensus. We conclude that, in view of the above, establishment of a consensus is a valid tool to complement the current scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Casas
- Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
Successful treatment of psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, is complicated and is affected by a broad range of factors associated with the diagnosis, choice of treatment and social factors. In these patients, treatment management must focus on accurate and early diagnosis, to ensure that correct treatment is administered as soon as possible. In both disorders, the treatment of the disease in the acute phase must be maintained long term to provide continuous relief and normal function; the treatment choice in the early stages of the disease may impact on long-term outcomes. In schizophrenia, treatment non-compliance is an important issue, with up to 50% of patients discontinuing treatment for reasons as diverse as efficacy failure, social barriers, and more commonly, adverse events. Treatment non-compliance also remains an issue in bipolar disorder, as tolerability of mood stabilizers, especially lithium, is not always good, and combination treatments are frequent. In order to achieve an optimal outcome in which the patient continues with their medication life-long, treatment should be tailored to each individual, taking into account treatment and family history, and balancing efficacy with tolerability to maximize patient benefit and minimize the risk of discontinuation. These case studies illustrate how treatment should be monitored, tailored and often changed over time to meet these needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carlo Altamura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Mangiagalli e Regina Elena Milan, Italy.
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Goikolea JM, Colom F, Martínez-Arán A, Sánchez-Moreno J, Giordano A, Bulbena A, Vieta E. Clinical and prognostic implications of seasonal pattern in bipolar disorder: a 10-year follow-up of 302 patients. Psychol Med 2007; 37:1595-1599. [PMID: 17537285 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291707000864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 20% of bipolar patients may present with seasonal pattern (SP). Seasonality can alter the course of bipolar disorder. However, to date, long-term follow-up studies of bipolar patients presenting with SP are scarce. We present a 10-year follow-up study comparing clinical and demographic features of bipolar patients with and without SP. METHOD Three hundred and twenty-five bipolar I and II patients were followed up for at least 10 years. SP was defined according to DSM-IV criteria. Clinical variables were obtained from structured interviews with the patients and their relatives. Patients with and without SP were compared regarding clinical and sociodemographic variables and a stepwise logistic regression was performed. RESULTS Seventy-seven patients (25.5%) were classified as presenting with SP, while 225 (74.5%) were considered as presenting with no significant seasonal variation. Twenty-three patients (7%) were excluded from the study because it was unclear whether they had seasonality or not. There were no differences between groups regarding demographic variables. Patients with SP predominantly presented with bipolar II disorder, depressive onset, and depressive predominant polarity. The greater burden of depression did not correlate with indirect indicators of severity, such as suicidality, hospitalizations or psychotic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our study links the presence of SP with both bipolar II disorder and predominant depressive component. However, we could not find any difference regarding functionality or hospitalization rates. Modifications in the criteria to define SP are suggested for a better understanding of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Goikolea
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona Stanley Foundation Center, Spain
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Vieta E, Calabrese JR, Goikolea JM, Raines S, Macfadden W. Quetiapine monotherapy in the treatment of patients with bipolar I or II depression and a rapid-cycling disease course: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Bipolar Disord 2007; 9:413-25. [PMID: 17547587 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2007.00479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of quetiapine monotherapy in patients with bipolar I or II disorder with a rapid-cycling disease course. METHODS Adult patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder, most recent episode depressed, with a rapid-cycling disease course from a previously completed multicenter trial randomized to 8 weeks of treatment with quetiapine 600 mg/day (n = 31), quetiapine 300 mg/day (n = 42), or placebo (n = 35) were included in this sub-analysis. The primary efficacy variable was change from baseline to week 8 in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score. RESULTS Quetiapine (600 and 300 mg/day) provided significantly greater mean reductions from baseline to week 8 in the MADRS total score than placebo (-21.1, -20.7 versus -11.6, both p < 0.001) in this patient population. Effect sizes in patients with a rapid-cycling disease course were 1.2 (600 mg/day) and 1.1 (300 mg/day) and were similar for bipolar I (0.98 and 1.22) and bipolar II (1.45 and 0.97) sub-groups. Significant improvements were also noted on the Clinical Global Impression, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire scales. Quetiapine was generally well tolerated with moderate increases in weight and extrapyramidal side effects compared to placebo. The incidence of treatment-emergent mania was similar to placebo. CONCLUSIONS Quetiapine monotherapy (600 or 300 mg/day) is clinically effective and well tolerated in the short-term treatment of depressive episodes in patients with bipolar I or II disorder who have a rapid-cycling disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vieta
- Bipolar Disorders Programme, Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Martinez-Aran A, Vieta E, Torrent C, Sanchez-Moreno J, Goikolea JM, Salamero M, Malhi GS, Gonzalez-Pinto A, Daban C, Alvarez-Grandi S, Fountoulakis K, Kaprinis G, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Ayuso-Mateos JL. Functional outcome in bipolar disorder: the role of clinical and cognitive factors. Bipolar Disord 2007; 9:103-13. [PMID: 17391354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2007.00327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies have examined the clinical, neuropsychological and pharmacological factors involved in the functional outcome of bipolar disorder despite the gap between clinical and functional recovery. METHODS A sample of 77 euthymic bipolar patients were included in the study. Using an a priori definition of low versus good functional outcome, based on the psychosocial items of the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF, DSM-IV), and taking also into account their occupational adaptation, the patients were divided into two groups: good or low occupational functioning. Patients with high (n = 46) and low (n = 31) functioning were compared on several clinical, neuropsychological and pharmacological variables and the two patient groups were contrasted with healthy controls (n = 35) on cognitive performance. RESULTS High- and low-functioning groups did not differ with respect to clinical variables. However, bipolar patients in general showed poorer cognitive performance than healthy controls. This was most evident in low-functioning patients and in particular on verbal memory and executive function measures. CONCLUSIONS Low-functioning patients were cognitively more impaired than highly functioning patients on verbal recall and executive functions. The variable that best predicted psychosocial functioning in bipolar patients was verbal memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez-Aran
- Institute of Neurosciences, University Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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Reinares M, Vieta E, Colom F, Martínez-Arán A, Torrent C, Comes M, Goikolea JM, Benabarre A, Daban C, Sánchez-Moreno J. What really matters to bipolar patients' caregivers: sources of family burden. J Affect Disord 2006; 94:157-63. [PMID: 16737741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2006] [Revised: 04/06/2006] [Accepted: 04/07/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying and modifying burdensome aspects might reduce the level of burden and their negative effects both on caregivers and patients' outcome. Most studies evaluate acutely ill patients, whereas the most relevant problems may be related to subthreshold symptoms and long-term outcome. The aims of the present study were to assess caregiver's subjective burden, to analyse which were the most burdensome aspects for caregivers and to study which variables could explain the caregiver's subjective burden. METHODS Caregivers of 86 euthymic bipolar patients completed the subjective burden subscale from an adapted version of the Social Behaviour Assessment Schedule. RESULTS Caregivers showed a moderate level of subjective burden. The highest levels of distress were reported regarding the patient's behaviour; the most distressing behaviours were hyperactivity, irritability, sadness and withdrawal. Regarding the patient's role performance, the most worrying aspects were those associated with the patient's work or study and social relationships. Regarding adverse effects on others, caregivers were especially distressed by the way the illness had affected their emotional health and their life in general. Poorer social and occupational functioning, an episode in the last 2 years, history of rapid cycling and the caregiver being responsible for medication intake explained a quarter of the variance of the caregiver's subjective burden. LIMITATIONS This was a cross-sectional study focused only on primary caregivers, there was no control group of non-bipolar patients. CONCLUSIONS This study provides relevant data concerning the burden of caregivers of stable bipolar patients, pointing at potential targets for psychosocial interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reinares
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Teresa Plana M, Mane A, Benabarre A, Goikolea JM, Vieta E. The emergence of darkness phobia in a bipolar patient during quetiapine treatment. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67:673-4. [PMID: 16669734 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.v67n0420b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Colom F, Vieta E, Sánchez-Moreno J, Martínez-Arán A, Reinares M, Goikolea JM, Scott J. Stabilizing the stabilizer: group psychoeducation enhances the stability of serum lithium levels. Bipolar Disord 2006; 7 Suppl 5:32-6. [PMID: 16225558 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2005.00249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect on the serum lithium levels of a psychoeducational program in patients with bipolar disorder. METHOD This is a subanalysis of data obtained from a larger study on the efficacy of group psychoeducation in the prophylaxis of recurrences in bipolar disorders. Data on plasma lithium levels were obtained at five time points: baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Serum lithium levels of patients who had received psychoeduction (psychoeducated) (N = 49) and non-psychoeducated patients (N = 44) were compared. RESULTS Mean serum lithium levels were significantly higher and more stable for the psychoeducation group. CONCLUSIONS As changes in serum lithium level may be a powerful predictor of recurrence for bipolar patients, the addition of group psychoeducation to standard pharmacological treatment may be beneficial to optimize serum lithium levels and, thereby improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Colom
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques Agustí Pi Sunyer, Barcelona Stanley Foundation Center, Barcelona, Spain
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Martínez-Arán A, Vieta E, Colom F, Torrent C, Reinares M, Goikolea JM, Benabarre A, Comes M, Sánchez-Moreno J. Do cognitive complaints in euthymic bipolar patients reflect objective cognitive impairment? Psychother Psychosom 2005; 74:295-302. [PMID: 16088267 DOI: 10.1159/000086320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinical practice, bipolar patients complain of cognitive deficits such as attentional or memory disturbances. The main aim of this study was to determine whether subjective cognitive complaints were associated with objective neuropsychological impairments. METHOD Sixty euthymic bipolar patients were assessed through a neuropsychological battery. A structured clinical interview was used to determine subjective cognitive complaints in patients. Thirty healthy controls were also included in the study in order to compare the neuropsychological performance among groups. RESULTS Bipolar patients with a higher number of episodes, especially the number of mixed episodes, longer duration of the illness and the onset of the illness at an earlier age showed more subjective complaints. Furthermore, bipolar patients with subjective complaints showed lower scores in several cognitive measures related to attention, memory and executive function compared with the control group. Nevertheless, patients without complaints also performed less well than controls in some neuropsychological measures. CONCLUSION Bipolar patients who were aware of cognitive deficits were more chronic, had presented more previous episodes, especially mixed type, and their illness had started at an earlier age compared with patients who did not complain about cognitive problems. Moreover, patients with good cognitive insight also had a poorer social and occupational functioning as well as a poorer neuropsychological performance. However, the bipolar group without complaints also obtained lower scores in several tests compared with healthy controls. Cognitive status of bipolar patients should be routinely assessed, regardless of the patients awareness about their cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martínez-Arán
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Clinical Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, and Stanley Medical Research Institute Center, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Vieta E, Goikolea JM. Atypical antipsychotics: newer options for mania and maintenance therapy. Bipolar Disord 2005: 7 (Suppl. 4): 21-33. (c) Blackwell Munksgaard, 2005Atypical antipsychotics have been used to treat patients with schizophrenia for many years, but now there is increasing evidence of their utility in the treatment of bipolar disorder. In the past few years several atypical agents have received regulatory approval for use in bipolar mania. Through a review of randomized controlled trials for five commonly used atypical drugs, olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, ziprasidone and aripiprazole, this article evaluates their efficacy in the acute and maintenance phases of bipolar disorder. The evidence shows that atypical antipsychotics are effective in the treatment of manic symptoms, either alone or in combination with traditional mood stabilizers such as lithium and divalproex. Although emerging data indicate that atypical antipsychotics will be a promising addition to those therapies that are currently available for managing patients during the maintenance phase of bipolar illness, their potential in the long-term management of bipolar disorder remains to be fully explored. Atypical antipsychotics appear to have broadly similar efficacy against manic symptoms of bipolar disorder, but there are important differences in their tolerability profiles, which are likely to be of particular relevance during long-term treatment. A brief assessment of tolerability issues surrounding the use of atypical agents in bipolar disorder and other aspects of treatment that have impact on the clinical effectiveness of the therapy are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Villarroel 170/Rossello 140, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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Fountoulakis KN, Vieta E, Sanchez-Moreno J, Kaprinis SG, Goikolea JM, Kaprinis GS. Treatment guidelines for bipolar disorder: a critical review. J Affect Disord 2005; 86:1-10. [PMID: 15820265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2005.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2004] [Accepted: 01/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of treatment guidelines emerged as an important element so as to standardize treatment and to provide clinicians with algorithms, which would be able to carry research findings to the everyday clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHOD The MEDLINE was searched with the combination of each one of the key words 'mania', 'manic', 'bipolar', 'manic-depression', 'manic-depressive' with 'treatment guidelines'. RESULTS The search was updated until March 1st, 2004 and returned 224 articles. Twenty-seven papers concerning the publication of treatment algorithms were traced. DISCUSSION Despite supposedly being evidence-based, guidelines for the treatment of bipolar disorder vary significantly across committees or working groups. Overall, however, at the first stage of the mania/hypomania algorithm, monotherapy with lithium, divalproex sodium or olanzapine is generally recommended. At latter stages combination therapy is strongly recommended. It is clearly stated that in bipolar depression antidepressants should be used only in combination with antimanic agents in order to avoid switching of phases. During the maintenance phase all patients should receive antimanic agents, while some may need the addition of antidepressants. The most recent guidelines emphasize the use of atypical antipsychotics for mania and lamotrigine for depression. The main problem with guidelines is that they are rapidly outdated and that the evidence base relies mainly on registration monotherapy trials that hardly reflect treatment in routine clinical conditions. CONCLUSION Treatment guidelines may be useful to avoid non-evidence-based treatment decisions, but they are quickly out-of-date and may not fully apply to the clinical setting. The more recent guidelines point the value of atypical antipsychotics, lithium, and valproate in the treatment of mania; the role of lithium, lamotrigine, and olanzapine as options for maintenance therapy; and the scarcity of options for the treatment of bipolar depression. Psychoeducation is also supported by most guidelines as an adjunctive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Fountoulakis
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Reinares M, Vieta E, Colom F, Martínez-Arán A, Torrent C, Comes M, Goikolea JM, Benabarre A, Sánchez-Moreno J. Impact of a psychoeducational family intervention on caregivers of stabilized bipolar patients. Psychother Psychosom 2004; 73:312-9. [PMID: 15292629 DOI: 10.1159/000078848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental stress has an important role in the course of bipolar disorder. Some findings have shown that family beliefs about the illness could predict family burden, and this burden could influence the outcome of bipolar disorder. To the best of our knowledge, there is scant information about the effects of family intervention on the caregiver's burden in bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of psychoeducational family intervention on bipolar patients' caregivers, including the assessment of the caregiver's burden. METHODS 45 medicated euthymic bipolar outpatients were randomized into an experimental and a control group. Relatives of patients from the experimental group received 12 psychoeducational, 90-min sessions about bipolar disorder and coping skills. The caregivers' knowledge of bipolar disorder, the relationship subscales of the Family Environment Scale, and the family burden subscales from an adapted version of the Social Behavior Assessment Schedule were assessed for both caregiver groups before and after the intervention. RESULTS Psycho-educated caregivers significantly improved their knowledge of bipolar disorder and reduced both the subjective burden and the caregiver's belief about the link between the objective burden and the patient. No significant differences were found in the objective burden nor in the family relationship subscales. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results suggest that psychoeducational intervention on caregivers of bipolar patients may improve the caregiver's knowledge of the illness, reduce their distress or subjective burden and alter their beliefs about the link between the disruptions in their life and the patient's illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reinares
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Clinical Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Martínez-Arán A, Vieta E, Colom F, Torrent C, Sánchez-Moreno J, Reinares M, Benabarre A, Goikolea JM, Brugué E, Daban C, Salamero M. Cognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar patients: implications for clinical and functional outcome. Bipolar Disord 2004; 6:224-32. [PMID: 15117401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2004.00111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder may be a stable characteristic of the illness, although discrepancies have emerged with regard to what dysfunctions remain during remission periods. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether euthymic bipolar patients would show impairment in verbal learning and memory and in executive functions compared with healthy controls. Secondly, to establish if there was a relationship between clinical data and neuropsychological performance. METHODS Forty euthymic bipolar patients were compared with 30 healthy controls through a battery of neuropsychological tests assessing estimated premorbid IQ, attention, verbal learning and memory, and frontal executive functioning. The effect of subsyndromal symptomatology was controlled. RESULTS Remitted bipolar patients performed worse than controls in several measures of memory and executive function, after controlling for the effect of subclinical symptomatology, age and premorbid IQ. Verbal memory impairment was related to global assessment of function scores, as well as to a longer duration of illness, a higher number of manic episodes, and prior psychotic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Results provide evidence of neuropsychological impairment in euthymic bipolar patients, after controlling for the effect of subsyndromal depressive symptoms, suggesting verbal memory and executive dysfunctions. Cognitive impairment seems to be related to a worse clinical course and poor functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martínez-Arán
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Clinical Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona Stanley Medical Research Institute Center, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Spain
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Goikolea JM, Miralles G, Bulbena Cabré A, Vieta E, Bulbena A. [Spanish adaptation of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) in the adult and children-adolescent versions]. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2003; 31:192-8. [PMID: 12838442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 1984, Rosenthal et al. described the seasonal affective disorder as a cyclic pattern of depressive episodes appearing in autumn and winter, showing atypical symptoms as hypersomnia, overeating, and carbohydrate craving. They also introduced the self-applied Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire, which includes a seasonality index. A children and adolescent version was also introduced later too. In this paper the test retest reliability and internal consistency of both the adult and the children and adolescent SPQA version are presented. METHODS 30 adults y 30 adolescents filled out the corresponding questionnaires in an interval of one week. Kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients were applied. Internal consistency was measured with Cronbach alpha. RESULTS The adult version obtained coefficients between 0.47 y 0.81, and a Cronbach alpha of 0.85 for the seasonality index. The children and adolescent version included several items with low reliability, which were then rewritten. The renewed version was tested again in a new 30 subjects sample. Coefficients ranged from 0.50 to 0.83, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.69 for the seasonality index. CONCLUSIONS The Spanish version of the SPAQ (Both Adult and Children-Adolescent) showed good reliability values and also appropriate internal consistency coefficients. Therefore, they are ready to be used in clinical and epidemiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Goikolea
- Instituto de Atención Psiquiátrica, Salud Mental y Tosicomanías. IMAS. Hospital del Mar. Barcelona, Spain
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Martinez-Aran A, Vieta E, Colom F, Reinares M, Benabarre A, Torrent C, Goikolea JM, Corbella B, Sánchez-Moreno J, Salamero M. Neuropsychological performance in depressed and euthymic bipolar patients. Neuropsychobiology 2003; 46 Suppl 1:16-21. [PMID: 12571428 DOI: 10.1159/000068016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have suggested that the presence of persistent cognitive dysfunctions in bipolar patients is not restricted to acute episodes, but they persist even during remission states. Nevertheless, there are several methodological pitfalls in most studies, such as unclear remission criteria, diagnostic heterogeneity or small sample sizes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Several domains of cognitive function were examined in 30 depressed bipolar patients [DSM-IV criteria for major depression, Hamilton Depression Scale (HDRS) > or =17] and 30 euthymic bipolar patients (at least 6 months of remission, HDRS < or =8 and Young Mania Rating Scale, YMRS < or =6). Psychosocial functioning was assessed through General Assessment of Functioning. RESULTS The two groups showed a similar pattern of neuropsychological performance. However, the depressed group was significantly impaired on the Controlled Oral Word Association Test, FAS (COWAT), a measure of verbal fluency, compared with the euthymic group. On the other hand, functional outcome in euthymic patients was related to verbal fluency, even after controlling for residual depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Neuropsychological performance was similar in both groups, except for verbal fluency, which was lower in the depressed group. Poor verbal fluency was related to a poor social outcome in euthymic patients. Further research including longitudinal designs aimed at evaluating changes in cognition in these patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez-Aran
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Clinical Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona Stanley Medical Institute Research Center, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Vieta E, Parramon G, Padrell E, Nieto E, Martinez-Arán A, Corbella B, Colom F, Reinares M, Goikolea JM, Torrent C. Quetiapine in the treatment of rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2002; 4:335-40. [PMID: 12479667 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-5618.2002.01204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This prospective open-label study assessed the impact of add-on quetiapine in the treatment of rapid cycling bipolar patients. METHODS Fourteen rapid cycling bipolar patients were treated with quetiapine, which was added to their ongoing medication regimen for 112 +/- 33 days. At the beginning of the study, five were manic, three were in a mixed state, three were depressed, two hypomanic and one was euthymic. Patients were assessed prospectively with a modified version of the Clinical Global Impression Scale for Bipolars (CGI-BP), the Young Scale for mania (YMRS) and the Hamilton Scale for Depression (HDRS). RESULTS A significant reduction of the following scale scores was observed: a 1.8 point reduction for the general CGI-BP (p = 0.013), a -1.3 point for the mania subscale (p = 0.016), a -1.01 point for the YMRS (p = 0.025). Improvement in depressive symptoms was not significant, neither in the CGI-BP (-1 point, p = 0.074) nor in the HDRS (-5.2 points, p = NS). The most common side-effect was sedation (n = 6, 43%). Doses of quetiapine were significantly reduced by the end of the study (443 +/- 235 mg/day versus 268 +/- 190 mg/day, p = 0.008) and they also differed according to the initial episode to be treated (720 +/- 84 mg/day for mania, and 183 +/- 29 mg/day for depression, p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS Quetiapine could possibly be an effective treatment for rapid cycling bipolar patients. Adequate doses for acute episodes could significantly differ according to the episode polarity and the length of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona. Spain.
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