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Zhou H, Nguyen L, Arnesano C, Ando Y, Raval M, Rodgers JT, Fraser S, Lu R, Shen K. Non-invasive Optical Biomarkers Distinguish and Track the Metabolic Status of Single Hematopoietic Stem Cells. iScience 2020; 23:100831. [PMID: 31982780 PMCID: PMC6994633 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is a key regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions. There is a lack of real-time, non-invasive approaches to evaluate metabolism in single HSCs. Using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, we developed a set of metabolic optical biomarkers (MOBs) from the auto-fluorescent properties of metabolic coenzymes NAD(P)H and FAD. The MOBs revealed the enhanced glycolysis, low oxidative metabolism, and distinct mitochondrial localization of HSCs. Importantly, the fluorescence lifetime of enzyme-bound NAD(P)H (τbound) can non-invasively monitor the glycolytic/lactate dehydrogenase activity in single HSCs. As a proof of concept for metabolism-based cell sorting, we further identified HSCs within the Lineage-cKit+Sca1+ (KLS) hematopoietic stem/progenitor population using MOBs and a machine-learning algorithm. Moreover, we revealed the dynamic changes of MOBs, and the association of longer τbound with enhanced glycolysis under HSC stemness-maintaining conditions during HSC culture. Our work thus provides a new paradigm to identify and track the metabolism of single HSCs non-invasively and in real time. Metabolic optical biomarkers non-invasively distinguish HSCs from early progenitors NAD(P)H τbound reflects lactate dehydrogenase activity in single fresh/cultured HSCs pHi correlates with τbound in hematopoietic populations, with HSCs being the highest Optical biomarkers track metabolic changes and response to drugs in cultured HSCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Lisa Nguyen
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Cosimo Arnesano
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yuta Ando
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Manmeet Raval
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Joseph T Rodgers
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Scott Fraser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Keyue Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; USC Stem Cell, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Haller S, Kapuria S, Riley RR, O'Leary MN, Schreiber KH, Andersen JK, Melov S, Que J, Rando TA, Rock J, Kennedy BK, Rodgers JT, Jasper H. mTORC1 Activation during Repeated Regeneration Impairs Somatic Stem Cell Maintenance. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 21:806-818.e5. [PMID: 29220665 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The balance between self-renewal and differentiation ensures long-term maintenance of stem cell (SC) pools in regenerating epithelial tissues. This balance is challenged during periods of high regenerative pressure and is often compromised in aged animals. Here, we show that target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling is a key regulator of SC loss during repeated regenerative episodes. In response to regenerative stimuli, SCs in the intestinal epithelium of the fly and in the tracheal epithelium of mice exhibit transient activation of TOR signaling. Although this activation is required for SCs to rapidly proliferate in response to damage, repeated rounds of damage lead to SC loss. Consistently, age-related SC loss in the mouse trachea and in muscle can be prevented by pharmacologic or genetic inhibition, respectively, of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. These findings highlight an evolutionarily conserved role of TOR signaling in SC function and identify repeated rounds of mTORC1 activation as a driver of age-related SC decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Haller
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA; Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Subir Kapuria
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - Rebeccah R Riley
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - Monique N O'Leary
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA; Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - Katherine H Schreiber
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Julie K Andersen
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - Simon Melov
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jason Rock
- Department of Anatomy, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - Joseph T Rodgers
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA; Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena 07745, Germany.
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Rodgers JT. Deteriorating Infrastructure in the Aged Muscle Stem Cell Niche. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 19:150-151. [PMID: 27494671 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Following an injury, the extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes dramatic remodeling to facilitate tissue repair. In a new study, Lukjanenko and colleagues show how an age-associated change in this process affects the regenerative ability of muscle stem cells (MuSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Rodgers
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Rodgers JT, King KY, Brett JO, Cromie MJ, Charville GW, Maguire KK, Brunson C, Mastey N, Liu L, Tsai CR, Goodell MA, Rando TA. mTORC1 controls the adaptive transition of quiescent stem cells from G0 to G(Alert). Nature 2014; 510:393-6. [PMID: 24870234 PMCID: PMC4065227 DOI: 10.1038/nature13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A unique property of many adult stem cells is their ability to exist in a non-cycling, quiescent state1. Although quiescence serves an essential role in preserving stem cell function until the stem cell is needed in tissue homeostasis or repair, defects in quiescence can lead to an impairment in tissue function2, the extent to which stem cells can regulate quiescence is unknown. Here, we show that the stem cell quiescent state is composed of two distinct functional phases: G0 and an “alert” phase we term GAlert, and that stem cells actively and reversibly transition between these phases in response to injury-induced, systemic signals. Using genetic models specific to muscle stem cells (or satellite cells (SCs)), we show that mTORC1 activity is necessary and sufficient for the transition of SCs from G0 into GAlert and that signaling through the HGF receptor, cMet is also necessary. We also identify G0-to-GAlert transitions in several populations of quiescent stem cells. Quiescent stem cells that transition into GAlert possess enhanced tissue regenerative function. We propose that the transition of quiescent stem cells into GAlert functions as an ‘alerting’ mechanism, an adaptive response that positions stem cells to respond rapidly under conditions of injury and stress without requiring cell cycle entry or a cell fate commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Rodgers
- 1] Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA [2] Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Katherine Y King
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jamie O Brett
- 1] Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA [2] Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Melinda J Cromie
- 1] Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA [2] Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Gregory W Charville
- 1] Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA [2] Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Katie K Maguire
- 1] Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA [2] Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Christopher Brunson
- 1] Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA [2] Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Namrata Mastey
- 1] Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA [2] Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Ling Liu
- 1] Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA [2] Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Chang-Ru Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Margaret A Goodell
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- 1] Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA [2] Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA [3] Neurology Service and Rehabilitation Research and Development Center of Excellence, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
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Kraus D, Yang Q, Kong D, Banks AS, Zhang L, Rodgers JT, Pirinen E, Pulinilkunnil TC, Gong F, Wang YC, Cen Y, Sauve AA, Asara JM, Peroni OD, Monia BP, Bhanot S, Alhonen L, Puigserver P, Kahn BB. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase is a novel regulator of energy metabolism in adipose tissue. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1374908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tabata M, Rodgers JT, Hall JA, Lee Y, Jedrychowski MP, Gygi SP, Puigserver P. Cdc2-like kinase 2 suppresses hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis through disruption of the PGC-1α and MED1 complex. Diabetes 2014; 63:1519-32. [PMID: 24458359 PMCID: PMC3994960 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ketogenesis plays an important role in catabolism of fatty acids during fasting along with dietary lipid overload, but the mechanisms regulating this process remain poorly understood. Here, we show that Cdc2-like kinase 2 (Clk2) suppresses fatty acid oxidation and ketone body production during diet-induced obesity. In lean mice, hepatic Clk2 protein is very low during fasting and strongly increased during feeding; however, in diet-induced obese mice, Clk2 protein remains elevated through both fed and fasted states. Liver-specific Clk2 knockout mice fed a high-fat diet exhibit increased fasting levels of blood ketone bodies, reduced respiratory exchange ratio, and increased gene expression of fatty acid oxidation and ketogenic pathways. This effect of Clk2 is cell-autonomous, because manipulation of Clk2 in hepatocytes controls genes and rates of fatty acid utilization. Clk2 phosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC-1α) disrupts its interaction with Mediator subunit 1, which leads to a suppression of PGC-1α activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α target genes in fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. These data demonstrate the importance of Clk2 in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism in vivo and suggest that inhibition of hepatic Clk2 could provide new therapies in the treatment of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhisa Tabata
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph T. Rodgers
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jessica A. Hall
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yoonjin Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Corresponding author: Pere Puigserver,
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Kraus D, Yang Q, Kong D, Banks AS, Zhang L, Rodgers JT, Pirinen E, Pulinilkunnil TC, Gong F, Wang YC, Cen Y, Sauve AA, Asara JM, Peroni OD, Monia BP, Bhanot S, Alhonen L, Puigserver P, Kahn BB. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase knockdown protects against diet-induced obesity. Nature 2014; 508:258-62. [PMID: 24717514 PMCID: PMC4107212 DOI: 10.1038/nature13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In obesity and type 2 diabetes, Glut4 glucose transporter expression is decreased selectively in adipocytes. Adipose-specific knockout or overexpression of Glut4 alters systemic insulin sensitivity. Here we show, using DNA array analyses, that nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (Nnmt) is the most strongly reciprocally regulated gene when comparing gene expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) from adipose-specific Glut4-knockout or adipose-specific Glut4-overexpressing mice with their respective controls. NNMT methylates nicotinamide (vitamin B3) using S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as a methyl donor. Nicotinamide is a precursor of NAD(+), an important cofactor linking cellular redox states with energy metabolism. SAM provides propylamine for polyamine biosynthesis and donates a methyl group for histone methylation. Polyamine flux including synthesis, catabolism and excretion, is controlled by the rate-limiting enzymes ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and spermidine-spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase (SSAT; encoded by Sat1) and by polyamine oxidase (PAO), and has a major role in energy metabolism. We report that NNMT expression is increased in WAT and liver of obese and diabetic mice. Nnmt knockdown in WAT and liver protects against diet-induced obesity by augmenting cellular energy expenditure. NNMT inhibition increases adipose SAM and NAD(+) levels and upregulates ODC and SSAT activity as well as expression, owing to the effects of NNMT on histone H3 lysine 4 methylation in adipose tissue. Direct evidence for increased polyamine flux resulting from NNMT inhibition includes elevated urinary excretion and adipocyte secretion of diacetylspermine, a product of polyamine metabolism. NNMT inhibition in adipocytes increases oxygen consumption in an ODC-, SSAT- and PAO-dependent manner. Thus, NNMT is a novel regulator of histone methylation, polyamine flux and NAD(+)-dependent SIRT1 signalling, and is a unique and attractive target for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kraus
- 1] Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] [3] Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Würzburg University Hospital, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany (D.K.); Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, and Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA (Q.Y.); Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland (E.P.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L4L5, USA (T.C.P.); Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (F.G.); School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland (L.A.)
| | - Qin Yang
- 1] Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] [3] Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Würzburg University Hospital, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany (D.K.); Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, and Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA (Q.Y.); Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland (E.P.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L4L5, USA (T.C.P.); Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (F.G.); School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland (L.A.)
| | - Dong Kong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Alexander S Banks
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Joseph T Rodgers
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Eija Pirinen
- 1] Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland [2] Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Würzburg University Hospital, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany (D.K.); Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, and Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA (Q.Y.); Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland (E.P.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L4L5, USA (T.C.P.); Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (F.G.); School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland (L.A.)
| | - Thomas C Pulinilkunnil
- 1] Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Würzburg University Hospital, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany (D.K.); Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, and Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA (Q.Y.); Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland (E.P.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L4L5, USA (T.C.P.); Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (F.G.); School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland (L.A.)
| | - Fengying Gong
- 1] Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Würzburg University Hospital, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany (D.K.); Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, and Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA (Q.Y.); Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland (E.P.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L4L5, USA (T.C.P.); Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (F.G.); School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland (L.A.)
| | - Ya-chin Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Yana Cen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Anthony A Sauve
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Odile D Peroni
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Brett P Monia
- Isis Pharmaceuticals, 1896 Rutherford Road, Carlsbad, California 92008-7326, USA
| | - Sanjay Bhanot
- Isis Pharmaceuticals, 1896 Rutherford Road, Carlsbad, California 92008-7326, USA
| | - Leena Alhonen
- 1] Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland [2] Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Würzburg University Hospital, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany (D.K.); Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, and Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA (Q.Y.); Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland (E.P.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L4L5, USA (T.C.P.); Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (F.G.); School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland (L.A.)
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Barbara B Kahn
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Hall JA, Tabata M, Rodgers JT, Puigserver P. USP7 attenuates hepatic gluconeogenesis through modulation of FoxO1 gene promoter occupancy. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:912-24. [PMID: 24694308 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic forkhead protein FoxO1 is a key component of systemic glucose homeostasis via its ability to regulate the transcription of rate-limiting enzymes in gluconeogenesis. Important in the regulation of FoxO1 transcriptional activity are the modifying/demodifying enzymes that lead to posttranslational modification. Here, we demonstrate the functional interaction and regulation of FoxO1 by herpesvirus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7; also known as herpesvirus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease, HAUSP), a deubiquitinating enzyme. We show that USP7-mediated mono-deubiquitination of FoxO1 results in suppression of FoxO1 transcriptional activity through decreased FoxO1 occupancy on the promoters of gluconeogenic genes. Knockdown of USP7 in primary hepatocytes leads to increased expression of FoxO1-target gluconeogenic genes and elevated glucose production. Consistent with this, USP7 gain-of-function suppresses the fasting/cAMP-induced activation of gluconeogenic genes in hepatocyte cells and in mouse liver, resulting in decreased hepatic glucose production. Notably, we show that the effects of USP7 on hepatic glucose metabolism depend on FoxO1. Together, these results place FoxO1 under the intimate regulation of deubiquitination and glucose metabolic control with important implication in diseases such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Hall
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Rodgers
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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10
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Rodgers JT, Vogel RO, Puigserver P. Clk2 and B56β mediate insulin-regulated assembly of the PP2A phosphatase holoenzyme complex on Akt. Mol Cell 2011; 41:471-9. [PMID: 21329884 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Akt mediates important cellular decisions involved in growth, survival, and metabolism. The mechanisms by which Akt is phosphorylated and activated in response to growth factors or insulin have been extensively studied, but the molecular regulatory components and dynamics of Akt attenuation are poorly understood. Here we show that a downstream target of insulin-induced Akt activation, Clk2, triggers Akt dephosphorylation through the PP2A phosphatase complex. Clk2 phosphorylates the PP2A regulatory subunit B56β (PPP2R5B, B'β), which is a critical regulatory step in the assembly of the PP2A holoenzyme complex on Akt leading to dephosphorylation of both S473 and T308 Akt sites. Since Akt plays a pivotal role in cellular signaling, these results have important implications for our understanding of Akt regulation in many biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Rodgers
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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11
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Walker AK, Yang F, Jiang K, Ji JY, Watts JL, Purushotham A, Boss O, Hirsch ML, Ribich S, Smith JJ, Israelian K, Westphal CH, Rodgers JT, Shioda T, Elson SL, Mulligan P, Najafi-Shoushtari H, Black JC, Thakur JK, Kadyk LC, Whetstine JR, Mostoslavsky R, Puigserver P, Li X, Dyson NJ, Hart AC, Näär AM. Conserved role of SIRT1 orthologs in fasting-dependent inhibition of the lipid/cholesterol regulator SREBP. Genes Dev 2010; 24:1403-17. [PMID: 20595232 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1901210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcription factor family is a critical regulator of lipid and sterol homeostasis in eukaryotes. In mammals, SREBPs are highly active in the fed state to promote the expression of lipogenic and cholesterogenic genes and facilitate fat storage. During fasting, SREBP-dependent lipid/cholesterol synthesis is rapidly diminished in the mouse liver; however, the mechanism has remained incompletely understood. Moreover, the evolutionary conservation of fasting regulation of SREBP-dependent programs of gene expression and control of lipid homeostasis has been unclear. We demonstrate here a conserved role for orthologs of the NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 in metazoans in down-regulation of SREBP orthologs during fasting, resulting in inhibition of lipid synthesis and fat storage. Our data reveal that SIRT1 can directly deacetylate SREBP, and modulation of SIRT1 activity results in changes in SREBP ubiquitination, protein stability, and target gene expression. In addition, chemical activators of SIRT1 inhibit SREBP target gene expression in vitro and in vivo, correlating with decreased hepatic lipid and cholesterol levels and attenuated liver steatosis in diet-induced and genetically obese mice. We conclude that SIRT1 orthologs play a critical role in controlling SREBP-dependent gene regulation governing lipid/cholesterol homeostasis in metazoans in response to fasting cues. These findings may have important biomedical implications for the treatment of metabolic disorders associated with aberrant lipid/cholesterol homeostasis, including metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Walker
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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12
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Rodgers JT, Haas W, Gygi SP, Puigserver P. Cdc2-like kinase 2 is an insulin-regulated suppressor of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Cell Metab 2010; 11:23-34. [PMID: 20074525 PMCID: PMC2807620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of insulin signaling and metabolic gene expression is critical to nutrient homeostasis; dysregulation of these pathways is widely implicated in insulin resistance and other disease states. Though the metabolic effects of insulin are well established, the components linking insulin signal transduction to a metabolic response are not as well understood. Here, we show that Cdc2-like kinase 2 (Clk2) is an insulin-regulated suppressor of hepatic gluconeogenesis and glucose output. Clk2 protein levels and kinase activity are induced as part of the hepatic refeeding response by the insulin/Akt pathway. Clk2 directly phosphorylates the SR domain on PGC-1alpha, resulting in repression of gluconeogenic gene expression and hepatic glucose output. In addition, Clk2 is downregulated in db/db mice, and reintroduction of Clk2 largely corrects glycemia. Thus, we have identified a role for and regulation of the Clk2 kinase as a component of hepatic insulin signaling and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Rodgers
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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13
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Housley MP, Udeshi ND, Rodgers JT, Shabanowitz J, Puigserver P, Hunt DF, Hart GW. A PGC-1alpha-O-GlcNAc transferase complex regulates FoxO transcription factor activity in response to glucose. J Biol Chem 2008; 284:5148-57. [PMID: 19103600 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m808890200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic and stress response gene regulation is crucial for the survival of an organism to a changing environment. Three key molecules that sense nutrients and broadly affect gene expression are the FoxO transcription factors, the transcriptional co-activator PGC-1alpha, and the dynamic post-translational modification, O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). Here we identify novel post-translational modifications of PGC-1alpha, including O-GlcNAc, and describe a novel mechanism for how PGC-1alpha co-activates transcription by FoxOs. In liver, in cultured cells, and in vitro with recombinant proteins, PGC-1alpha binds to O-GlcNAc transferase and targets the enzyme to FoxOs, resulting in their increased GlcNAcylation and increased transcriptional activity. Furthermore, glucose-enhanced activation of FoxO1 occurs via this PGC-1alpha-O-GlcNAc transferase-mediated GlcNAcylation. Therefore, one mechanism by which PGC-1alpha can serve as a co-activator of transcription is by targeting the O-GlcNAc transferase to increase GlcNAcylation of specific transcription factors important to nutrient/stress sensing and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Housley
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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14
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Housley MP, Rodgers JT, Udeshi ND, Kelly TJ, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Puigserver P, Hart GW. O-GlcNAc regulates FoxO activation in response to glucose. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:16283-92. [PMID: 18420577 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802240200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
FoxO proteins are key transcriptional regulators of nutrient homeostasis and stress response. The transcription factor FoxO1 activates expression of gluconeogenic, including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase, and also activates the expression of the oxidative stress response enzymes catalase and manganese superoxide dismutase. Hormonal and stress-dependent regulation of FoxO1 via acetylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation, are well established, but FoxOs have not been studied in the context of the glucose-derived O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification. Here we show that O-GlcNAc on hepatic FoxO1 is increased in diabetes. Furthermore, O-GlcNAc regulates FoxO1 activation in response to glucose, resulting in the paradoxically increased expression of gluconeogenic genes while concomitantly inducing expression of genes encoding enzymes that detoxify reactive oxygen species. GlcNAcylation of FoxO provides a new mechanism for direct nutrient control of transcription to regulate metabolism and stress response through control of FoxO1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Housley
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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15
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Housley MP, Rodgers JT, Udeshi ND, Hunt DF, Puigserver P, Hart GW. A PGC‐1α:O‐GlcNAc Transferase Complex Regulates Foxo1a Activation in Response to Glucose. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.613.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Donald F Hunt
- Chemistry
- PathologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
| | | | - Gerald W Hart
- Biological ChemistryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
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Rodgers JT, Lerin C, Gerhart-Hines Z, Puigserver P. Metabolic adaptations through the PGC-1 alpha and SIRT1 pathways. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:46-53. [PMID: 18036349 PMCID: PMC2275806 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2007] [Revised: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Energy homeostasis in mammals is achieved through tight regulation of tissue-specific metabolic pathways that become dysregulated in metabolic diseases including diabetes and obesity. At the molecular level, main nutrient and hormonal signaling pathways impinge on expression of genes encoding for metabolic enzymes. Among the major components of this transcriptional circuitry are the PGC-1 alpha transcriptional complexes. An important regulatory mechanism of this complex is through acetylation and SIRT1-mediated lysine de-acetylation under low nutrient conditions. Activation of SIRT1 can mimic several metabolic aspects of calorie restriction that target selective nutrient utilization and mitochondrial oxidative function to regulate energy balance. Thus, understanding the PGC-1 alpha and SIRT1 pathways might have important implications for comprehending metabolic and age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T. Rodgers
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carles Lerin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
In the fasted state, induction of hepatic glucose output and fatty acid oxidation is essential to sustain energetic balance. Production and oxidation of glucose and fatty acids by the liver are controlled through a complex network of transcriptional regulators. Among them, the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1alpha plays an important role in hepatic and systemic glucose and lipid metabolism. We have previously demonstrated that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) regulates genes involved in gluconeogenesis through interaction and deacetylation of PGC-1alpha. Here, we show in vivo that hepatic SIRT1 is a factor in systemic and hepatic glucose, lipid, and cholesterol homeostasis. Knockdown of SIRT1 in liver caused mild hypoglycemia, increased systemic glucose and insulin sensitivity, and decreased glucose production. SIRT1 knockdown also decreased serum cholesterol and increased hepatic free fatty acid and cholesterol content. These metabolic phenotypes caused by SIRT1 knockdown tightly correlated with decreased expression of gluconeogenic, fatty acid oxidation and cholesterol degradation as well as efflux genes. Additionally, overexpression of SIRT1 reversed many of the changes caused by SIRT1 knockdown and depended on the presence of PGC-1alpha. Interestingly, most of the effects of SIRT1 were only apparent in the fasted state. Our results indicate that hepatic SIRT1 is an important factor in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in response to nutrient deprivation. As these pathways are dysregulated in metabolic diseases, SIRT1 may be a potential therapeutic target to control hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T. Rodgers
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205; and Department of Cell Biology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205; and Department of Cell Biology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, One Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA, 02115. E-mail:
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18
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Kim D, Nguyen MD, Dobbin MM, Fischer A, Sananbenesi F, Rodgers JT, Delalle I, Baur JA, Sui G, Armour SM, Puigserver P, Sinclair DA, Tsai LH. SIRT1 deacetylase protects against neurodegeneration in models for Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. EMBO J 2007; 26:3169-79. [PMID: 17581637 PMCID: PMC1914106 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 786] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A progressive loss of neurons with age underlies a variety of debilitating neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), yet few effective treatments are currently available. The SIR2 gene promotes longevity in a variety of organisms and may underlie the health benefits of caloric restriction, a diet that delays aging and neurodegeneration in mammals. Here, we report that a human homologue of SIR2, SIRT1, is upregulated in mouse models for AD, ALS and in primary neurons challenged with neurotoxic insults. In cell-based models for AD/tauopathies and ALS, SIRT1 and resveratrol, a SIRT1-activating molecule, both promote neuronal survival. In the inducible p25 transgenic mouse, a model of AD and tauopathies, resveratrol reduced neurodegeneration in the hippocampus, prevented learning impairment, and decreased the acetylation of the known SIRT1 substrates PGC-1alpha and p53. Furthermore, injection of SIRT1 lentivirus in the hippocampus of p25 transgenic mice conferred significant protection against neurodegeneration. Thus, SIRT1 constitutes a unique molecular link between aging and human neurodegenerative disorders and provides a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohoon Kim
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Picower Insitute for Learning and Memory, Riken-MIT Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Minh Dang Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew M Dobbin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Picower Insitute for Learning and Memory, Riken-MIT Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andre Fischer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Picower Insitute for Learning and Memory, Riken-MIT Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Farahnaz Sananbenesi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Picower Insitute for Learning and Memory, Riken-MIT Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph T Rodgers
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivana Delalle
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Picower Insitute for Learning and Memory, Riken-MIT Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Pathology and Paul F Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guangchao Sui
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean M Armour
- Department of Pathology and Paul F Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Pathology and Paul F Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Picower Insitute for Learning and Memory, Riken-MIT Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Gerhart-Hines Z, Rodgers JT, Bare O, Lerin C, Kim SH, Mostoslavsky R, Alt FW, Wu Z, Puigserver P. Metabolic control of muscle mitochondrial function and fatty acid oxidation through SIRT1/PGC-1alpha. EMBO J 2007; 26:1913-23. [PMID: 17347648 PMCID: PMC1847661 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 971] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, maintenance of energy and nutrient homeostasis during food deprivation is accomplished through an increase in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in peripheral tissues. An important component that drives this cellular oxidative process is the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1alpha. Here, we show that fasting induced PGC-1alpha deacetylation in skeletal muscle and that SIRT1 deacetylation of PGC-1alpha is required for activation of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation genes. Moreover, expression of the acetyltransferase, GCN5, or the SIRT1 inhibitor, nicotinamide, induces PGC-1alpha acetylation and decreases expression of PGC-1alpha target genes in myotubes. Consistent with a switch from glucose to fatty acid oxidation that occurs in nutrient deprivation states, SIRT1 is required for induction and maintenance of fatty acid oxidation in response to low glucose concentrations. Thus, we have identified SIRT1 as a functional regulator of PGC-1alpha that induces a metabolic gene transcription program of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. These results have implications for understanding selective nutrient adaptation and how it might impact lifespan or metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph T Rodgers
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olivia Bare
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carles Lerin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seung-Hee Kim
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- Howard ughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, The Children's Hospital, CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frederick W Alt
- Howard ughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, The Children's Hospital, CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhidan Wu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, One Jimmy Fund Way/ Smith-936C, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Tel.: +1 617 582 7977; Fax: +1 617 632 4770; E-mail:
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21
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Housley MP, Rodgers JT, Puigserver P, Hart GW. A PGC‐1alpha:O‐GlcNAc Transferase Complex Regulates Foxo1a Activation in Response to Glucose. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.6.a1042-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph T. Rodgers
- Cell BiologyJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine725 N. Wolfe Street, WBSB 516ABaltimoreMD21211
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Cell BiologyJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine725 N. Wolfe Street, WBSB 516ABaltimoreMD21211
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22
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Cha SH, Rodgers JT, Puigserver P, Chohnan S, Lane MD. Hypothalamic malonyl-CoA triggers mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative gene expression in skeletal muscle: Role of PGC-1alpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:15410-5. [PMID: 17030788 PMCID: PMC1622837 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0607334103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous investigations show that intracerebroventricular administration of a potent inhibitor of fatty acid synthase, C75, increases the level of its substrate, malonyl-CoA, in the hypothalamus. The "malonyl-CoA signal" is rapidly transmitted to skeletal muscle by the sympathetic nervous system, increasing fatty acid oxidation, uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3) expression, and thus, energy expenditure. Here, we show that intracerebroventricular or intraperitoneal administration of C75 increases the number of mitochondria in white and red (soleus) skeletal muscle. Consistent with signal transmission from the hypothalamus by the sympathetic nervous system, centrally administered C75 rapidly (< or =2 h) up-regulated the expression (in skeletal muscle) of the beta-adrenergic signaling molecules, i.e., norepinephrine, beta3-adrenergic receptor, and cAMP; the transcriptional regulators peroxisomal proliferator activator regulator gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) and estrogen receptor-related receptor alpha (ERRalpha); and the expression of key oxidative mitochondrial enzymes, including pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, medium-chain length fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, ubiquinone-cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome oxidase, as well as ATP synthase and UCP3. The role of PGC-1alpha in mediating these responses in muscle was assessed with C2C12 myocytes in cell culture. Consistent with the in vivo response, adenovirus-directed expression of PGC-1alpha in C2C12 muscle cells provoked the phosphorylation/inactivation and reduced expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2, causing a reduction of the malonyl-CoA concentration. These effects, coupled with an increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b, led to increased fatty acid oxidation. PGC-1alpha also increased the expression of ERRalpha, PPARalpha, and enzymes that support mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, ATP synthesis, and thermogenesis, apparently mediated by an increased expression of UCP3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph T. Rodgers
- Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205; and
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205; and
| | - Shigeru Chohnan
- Department of Bioresource Science, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chu-ou, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
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Qin W, Yang T, Ho L, Zhao Z, Wang J, Chen L, Zhao W, Thiyagarajan M, MacGrogan D, Rodgers JT, Puigserver P, Sadoshima J, Deng H, Pedrini S, Gandy S, Sauve AA, Pasinetti GM. Neuronal SIRT1 Activation as a Novel Mechanism Underlying the Prevention of Alzheimer Disease Amyloid Neuropathology by Calorie Restriction. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:21745-21754. [PMID: 16751189 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m602909200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+-dependent sirtuins have been identified to be key regulators in the lifespan extending effects of calorie restriction (CR) in a number of species. In this study we report for the first time that promotion of the NAD+-dependent sirtuin, SIRT1-mediated deacetylase activity, may be a mechanism by which CR influences Alzheimer disease (AD)-type amyloid neuropathology. Most importantly, we report that the predicted attenuation of beta-amyloid content in the brain during CR can be reproduced in mouse neurons in vitro by manipulating cellular SIRT1 expression/activity through mechanisms involving the regulation of the serine/threonine Rho kinase ROCK1, known in part for its role in the inhibition of the non-amyloidogenic alpha-secretase processing of the amyloid precursor protein. Conversely, we found that the expression of constitutively active ROCK1 in vitro cultures significantly prevented SIRT1-mediated response, suggesting that alpha-secretase activity is required for SIRT1-mediated prevention of AD-type amyloid neuropathology. Consistently we found that the expression of exogenous human (h) SIRT1 in the brain of hSIRT1 transgenics also resulted in decreased ROCK1 expression and elevated alpha-secretase activity in vivo. These results demonstrate for the first time a role for SIRT1 activation in the brain as a novel mechanism through which CR may influence AD amyloid neuropathology. The study provides a potentially novel pharmacological strategy for AD prevention and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Qin
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
| | - Tianle Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tri-Institutional Program in Chemical Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021
| | - Lap Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029; Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029; Geriatric Research and Clinical Center, Bronx Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
| | - Linghong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
| | | | - Donal MacGrogan
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
| | - Joseph T Rodgers
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Haiteng Deng
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021
| | - Steven Pedrini
- Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107-5099
| | - Samuel Gandy
- Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107-5099
| | - Anthony A Sauve
- Department of Pharmacology, Tri-Institutional Program in Chemical Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021.
| | - Giulio M Pasinetti
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029; Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029; Geriatric Research and Clinical Center, Bronx Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468.
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Lerin C, Rodgers JT, Kalume DE, Kim SH, Pandey A, Puigserver P. GCN5 acetyltransferase complex controls glucose metabolism through transcriptional repression of PGC-1alpha. Cell Metab 2006; 3:429-38. [PMID: 16753578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2006.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2005] [Revised: 03/21/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hormonal and nutrient regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis mainly occurs through modulation of the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1alpha. The identity of endogenous proteins and their enzymatic activities that regulate the functions and form part of PGC-1alpha complex are unknown. Here, we show that PGC-1alpha is in a multiprotein complex containing the acetyltransferase GCN5. PGC-1alpha is directly acetylated by GCN5 resulting in a transcriptionally inactive protein that relocalizes from promoter regions to nuclear foci. Adenoviral-mediated expression of GCN5 in cultured hepatocytes and in mouse liver largely represses activation of gluconeogenic enzymes and decreases hepatic glucose production. Thus, we have identified the endogenous PGC-1alpha protein complex and provided the molecular mechanism by which PGC-1alpha acetylation by GCN5 turns off the transcriptional and biological function of this metabolic coactivator. GCN5 might be a pharmacological target to regulate the activity of PGC-1alpha, providing a potential treatment for metabolic disorders in which hepatic glucose output is dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Lerin
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Abstract
Cellular metabolic rates might regulate aging by impinging on genomic stability through the DNA repair pathways. A new study published in Cell (Mostoslavsky et al., 2006) reports that deficiency in one of the mammalian Sir2 homologs, SIRT6, results in genome instability through the DNA base excision repair pathway and leads to aging-associated degenerative phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Rodgers
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Rodgers JT, Lerin C, Haas W, Gygi SP, Spiegelman BM, Puigserver P. Nutrient control of glucose homeostasis through a complex of PGC-1α and SIRT1. Nature 2005; 434:113-8. [PMID: 15744310 DOI: 10.1038/nature03354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2402] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2004] [Accepted: 01/06/2005] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Homeostatic mechanisms in mammals respond to hormones and nutrients to maintain blood glucose levels within a narrow range. Caloric restriction causes many changes in glucose metabolism and extends lifespan; however, how this metabolism is connected to the ageing process is largely unknown. We show here that the Sir2 homologue, SIRT1--which modulates ageing in several species--controls the gluconeogenic/glycolytic pathways in liver in response to fasting signals through the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1alpha. A nutrient signalling response that is mediated by pyruvate induces SIRT1 protein in liver during fasting. We find that once SIRT1 is induced, it interacts with and deacetylates PGC-1alpha at specific lysine residues in an NAD(+)-dependent manner. SIRT1 induces gluconeogenic genes and hepatic glucose output through PGC-1alpha, but does not regulate the effects of PGC-1alpha on mitochondrial genes. In addition, SIRT1 modulates the effects of PGC-1alpha repression of glycolytic genes in response to fasting and pyruvate. Thus, we have identified a molecular mechanism whereby SIRT1 functions in glucose homeostasis as a modulator of PGC-1alpha. These findings have strong implications for the basic pathways of energy homeostasis, diabetes and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Rodgers
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Vercoutere WA, Winters-Hilt S, DeGuzman VS, Deamer D, Ridino SE, Rodgers JT, Olsen HE, Marziali A, Akeson M. Discrimination among individual Watson-Crick base pairs at the termini of single DNA hairpin molecules. Nucleic Acids Res 2003; 31:1311-8. [PMID: 12582251 PMCID: PMC150236 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkg218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale alpha-hemolysin pores can be used to analyze individual DNA or RNA molecules. Serial examination of hundreds to thousands of molecules per minute is possible using ionic current impedance as the measured property. In a recent report, we showed that a nanopore device coupled with machine learning algorithms could automatically discriminate among the four combinations of Watson-Crick base pairs and their orientations at the ends of individual DNA hairpin molecules. Here we use kinetic analysis to demonstrate that ionic current signatures caused by these hairpin molecules depend on the number of hydrogen bonds within the terminal base pair, stacking between the terminal base pair and its nearest neighbor, and 5' versus 3' orientation of the terminal bases independent of their nearest neighbors. This report constitutes evidence that single Watson-Crick base pairs can be identified within individual unmodified DNA hairpin molecules based on their dynamic behavior in a nanoscale pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenonah A Vercoutere
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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Rodgers JT, Patel P, Hennes JL, Bolognia SL, Mascotti DP. Use of biotin-labeled nucleic acids for protein purification and agarose-based chemiluminescent electromobility shift assays. Anal Biochem 2000; 277:254-9. [PMID: 10625515 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1999.4394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have employed biotin-labeled RNA to serve two functions. In one, the biotin tethers the RNA to streptavidin-agarose beads, creating an affinity resin for protein purification. In the other, the biotin functions as a label for use in a modified chemiluminescent electromobility shift assay (EMSA), a technique used to detect the formation of protein-RNA complexes. The EMSA that we describe avoids the use not only of radioactivity but also of neurotoxic acrylamide by using agarose as the gel matrix in which the free nucleic acid is separated from protein-nucleic acid complexes. After separation of free from complexed RNA in agarose, the RNA is electroblotted to positively charged nylon. The biotin-labeled RNA is readily bound by a streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate, allowing for very sensitive chemiluminescent detection ( approximately 0.1-1.0 fmol limit). Using our system, we were able to purify both known iron-responsive proteins (IRPs) from rat liver and assess their binding affinity to RNA containing the iron-responsive element (IRE) using the same batch of biotinylated RNA. We show data indicating that agarose is especially useful for cases when large complexes are formed, although smaller complexes are even better resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry, John Carroll University, 20700 North Park Boulevard, University Heights, Ohio 44118, USA
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