1
|
Wong CK, McLean BA, Baggio LL, Koehler JA, Hammoud R, Rittig N, Yabut JM, Seeley RJ, Brown TJ, Drucker DJ. Central glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation inhibits Toll-like receptor agonist-induced inflammation. Cell Metab 2024; 36:130-143.e5. [PMID: 38113888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) exert anti-inflammatory effects relevant to the chronic complications of type 2 diabetes. Although GLP-1RAs attenuate T cell-mediated gut and systemic inflammation directly through the gut intraepithelial lymphocyte GLP-1R, how GLP-1RAs inhibit systemic inflammation in the absence of widespread immune expression of the GLP-1R remains uncertain. Here, we show that GLP-1R activation attenuates the induction of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by multiple Toll-like receptor agonists. These actions are not mediated by hematopoietic or endothelial GLP-1Rs but require central neuronal GLP-1Rs. In a cecal slurry model of polymicrobial sepsis, GLP-1RAs similarly require neuronal GLP-1Rs to attenuate detrimental responses associated with sepsis, including sickness, hypothermia, systemic inflammation, and lung injury. Mechanistically, GLP-1R activation leads to reduced TNF-α via α1-adrenergic, δ-opioid, and κ-opioid receptor signaling. These data extend emerging concepts of brain-immune networks and posit a new gut-brain GLP-1R axis for suppression of peripheral inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Kin Wong
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brent A McLean
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laurie L Baggio
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A Koehler
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rola Hammoud
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nikolaj Rittig
- Medical/Steno Aarhus Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julian M Yabut
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Theodore J Brown
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) controls islet hormone secretion, gut motility, and body weight, supporting development of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. GLP-1RA exhibit a favorable safety profile and reduce the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in people with T2D. Considerable preclinical data, supported by the results of clinical trials, link therapy with GLP-RA to reduction of hepatic inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis. Mechanistically, the actions of GLP-1 on the liver are primarily indirect, as hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and stellate cells do not express the canonical GLP-1R. GLP-1RA reduce appetite and body weight, decrease postprandial lipoprotein secretion, and attenuate systemic and tissue inflammation, actions that may contribute to attenuation of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Here we discuss evolving concepts of GLP-1 action that improve liver health and highlight evidence that links sustained GLP-1R activation in distinct cell types to control of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism, and reduction of experimental and clinical nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The therapeutic potential of GLP-1RA alone, or in combination with peptide agonists, or new small molecule therapeutics is discussed in the context of potential efficacy and safety. Ongoing trials in people with obesity will further clarify the safety of GLP-1RA, and pivotal studies underway in people with NASH will define whether GLP-1-based medicines represent effective and safe therapies for people with MAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Yabut
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ahmed BA, Ong FJ, Barra NG, Blondin DP, Gunn E, Oreskovich SM, Szamosi JC, Syed SA, Hutchings EK, Konyer NB, Singh NP, Yabut JM, Desjardins EM, Anhê FF, Foley KP, Holloway AC, Noseworthy MD, Haman F, Carpentier AC, Surette MG, Schertzer JD, Punthakee Z, Steinberg GR, Morrison KM. Lower brown adipose tissue activity is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease but not changes in the gut microbiota. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100397. [PMID: 34622234 PMCID: PMC8484690 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In rodents, lower brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity is associated with greater liver steatosis and changes in the gut microbiome. However, little is known about these relationships in humans. In adults (n = 60), we assessed hepatic fat and cold-stimulated BAT activity using magnetic resonance imaging and the gut microbiota with 16S sequencing. We transplanted gnotobiotic mice with feces from humans to assess the transferability of BAT activity through the microbiota. Individuals with NAFLD (n = 29) have lower BAT activity than those without, and BAT activity is inversely related to hepatic fat content. BAT activity is not related to the characteristics of the fecal microbiota and is not transmissible through fecal transplantation to mice. Thus, low BAT activity is associated with higher hepatic fat accumulation in human adults, but this does not appear to have been mediated through the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basma A. Ahmed
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Frank J. Ong
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Nicole G. Barra
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Denis P. Blondin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Gunn
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Stephan M. Oreskovich
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jake C. Szamosi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Farncombe Metagenomics Facility, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Saad A. Syed
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Emily K. Hutchings
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Norman B. Konyer
- Imaging Research Centre, St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Nina P. Singh
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Julian M. Yabut
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Eric M. Desjardins
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Fernando F. Anhê
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kevin P. Foley
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Alison C. Holloway
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Michael D. Noseworthy
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Imaging Research Centre, St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Francois Haman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Andre C. Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Michael G. Surette
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jonathan D. Schertzer
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Zubin Punthakee
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Gregory R. Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Katherine M. Morrison
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang B, Tsakiridis EE, Zhang S, Llanos A, Desjardins EM, Yabut JM, Green AE, Day EA, Smith BK, Lally JSV, Wu J, Raphenya AR, Srinivasan KA, McArthur AG, Kajimura S, Patel JS, Wade MG, Morrison KM, Holloway AC, Steinberg GR. The pesticide chlorpyrifos promotes obesity by inhibiting diet-induced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5163. [PMID: 34453052 PMCID: PMC8397754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity results from a caloric imbalance between energy intake, absorption and expenditure. In both rodents and humans, diet-induced thermogenesis contributes to energy expenditure and involves the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT). We hypothesize that environmental toxicants commonly used as food additives or pesticides might reduce BAT thermogenesis through suppression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and this may contribute to the development of obesity. Using a step-wise screening approach, we discover that the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos suppresses UCP1 and mitochondrial respiration in BAT at concentrations as low as 1 pM. In mice housed at thermoneutrality and fed a high-fat diet, chlorpyrifos impairs BAT mitochondrial function and diet-induced thermogenesis, promoting greater obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance. This is associated with reductions in cAMP; activation of p38MAPK and AMPK; protein kinases critical for maintaining UCP1 and mitophagy, respectively in BAT. These data indicate that the commonly used pesticide chlorpyrifos, suppresses diet-induced thermogenesis and the activation of BAT, suggesting its use may contribute to the obesity epidemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Evangelia E Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shuman Zhang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Llanos
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eric M Desjardins
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Julian M Yabut
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander E Green
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Emily A Day
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brennan K Smith
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James S V Lally
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jianhan Wu
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amogelang R Raphenya
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Krishna A Srinivasan
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew G McArthur
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jagdish Suresh Patel
- Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang B, Zhang S, Llanos A, Tsakiridis EE, Desjardins EM, Yabut JM, Green AE, Day EA, Smith BK, Lally JSV, Raphenya AR, Srinivasan KA, McArthur AG, Kajimura S, Patel JS, Wade MG, Morrison KM, Holloway A, Steinberg GR. The Pesticide Chlorpyrifos Promotes Obesity by Inhibiting Diet-Induced Thermogenesis. J Endocr Soc 2021. [PMCID: PMC8089911 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab048.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease that arises from a caloric surplus of as little as 10–30 kcal per day. And while increased consumption of energy dense foods and reduced physical activity are commonly thought to be the major contributors to this caloric imbalance, diet-induced thermogenesis is a quantitatively important component of the energy balance equation. In adult humans, recent studies have indicated that diet-induced thermogenesis requires the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT), however, the determinants regulating this process and why they may differ between individuals are not fully understood. We hypothesized that environmental toxicants commonly used as food additives or pesticides might reduce diet-induced thermogenesis through suppression of uncoupling protein 1, the defining protein of human BAT thermogenesis. Through a screening approach of pesticides/toxicants chosen from the Toxcast chem Library, we discovered that the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos potently suppressed the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and mitochondrial respiration in brown adipocytes at concentrations as low as 1 pM. Chloropyrifos-induced suppression of brown adipocyte thermogenesis was also observed in mice fed a diet high in fat and housed at thermoneutrality where it promoted greater obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. Reductions in thermogenesis by chlorpyrifos were associated with impaired activation of the β3-adrenergic receptor and protein kinases critical for regulating UCP1 and mitophagy. These data indicate that the commonly used pesticide chlorpyrifos, at doses found within the food supply, suppresses the activation of brown adipose tissue, suggesting that its use may contribute to the obesity epidemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rhein P, Desjardins EM, Rong P, Ahwazi D, Bonhoure N, Stolte J, Santos MD, Ovens AJ, Ehrlich AM, Sanchez Garcia JL, Ouyang Q, Yabut JM, Kjolby M, Membrez M, Jessen N, Oakhill JS, Treebak JT, Maire P, Scott JW, Sanders MJ, Descombes P, Chen S, Steinberg GR, Sakamoto K. Compound- and fiber type-selective requirement of AMPKγ3 for insulin-independent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101228. [PMID: 33798773 PMCID: PMC8381060 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The metabolic master-switch AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mediates insulin-independent glucose uptake in muscle and regulates the metabolic activity of brown and beige adipose tissue (BAT). The regulatory AMPKγ3 isoform is uniquely expressed in skeletal muscle and potentially in BAT. Herein, we investigated the role that AMPKγ3 plays in mediating skeletal muscle glucose uptake and whole-body glucose clearance in response to small-molecule activators that act on AMPK via distinct mechanisms. We also assessed whether γ3 plays a role in adipose thermogenesis and browning. Methods Global AMPKγ3 knockout (KO) mice were generated. A systematic whole-body, tissue, and molecular phenotyping linked to glucose homeostasis was performed in γ3 KO and wild-type (WT) mice. Glucose uptake in glycolytic and oxidative skeletal muscle ex vivo as well as blood glucose clearance in response to small molecule AMPK activators that target the nucleotide-binding domain of the γ subunit (AICAR) and allosteric drug and metabolite (ADaM) site located at the interface of the α and β subunit (991, MK-8722) were assessed. Oxygen consumption, thermography, and molecular phenotyping with a β3-adrenergic receptor agonist (CL-316,243) treatment were performed to assess BAT thermogenesis, characteristics, and function. Results Genetic ablation of γ3 did not affect body weight, body composition, physical activity, and parameters associated with glucose homeostasis under chow or high-fat diet. γ3 deficiency had no effect on fiber-type composition, mitochondrial content and components, or insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Glycolytic muscles in γ3 KO mice showed a partial loss of AMPKα2 activity, which was associated with reduced levels of AMPKα2 and β2 subunit isoforms. Notably, γ3 deficiency resulted in a selective loss of AICAR-, but not MK-8722-induced blood glucose-lowering in vivo and glucose uptake specifically in glycolytic muscle ex vivo. We detected γ3 in BAT and found that it preferentially interacts with α2 and β2. We observed no differences in oxygen consumption, thermogenesis, morphology of BAT and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), or markers of BAT activity between WT and γ3 KO mice. Conclusions These results demonstrate that γ3 plays a key role in mediating AICAR- but not ADaM site binding drug-stimulated blood glucose clearance and glucose uptake specifically in glycolytic skeletal muscle. We also showed that γ3 is dispensable for β3-adrenergic receptor agonist-induced thermogenesis and browning of iWAT. Loss of AMPKγ3 reduces glucose uptake in glycolytic skeletal muscle and whole-body glucose clearance with AMP-mimetic drug. γ3 is not required for muscle glucose uptake and whole-body glucose clearance with ADaM site-targeted allosteric activators. γ3 is present and forms a trimeric complex with α2 and β2 in brown adipose tissue. γ3 is dispensable for adipose thermogenesis and browning in response to a β3-adrenergic receptor agonist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rhein
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Eric M Desjardins
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N3Z5, Canada; Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N3Z5, Canada
| | - Ping Rong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Danial Ahwazi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Bonhoure
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jens Stolte
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu D Santos
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Ashley J Ovens
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Amy M Ehrlich
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - José L Sanchez Garcia
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Qian Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Julian M Yabut
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N3Z5, Canada; Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N3Z5, Canada
| | - Mads Kjolby
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mathieu Membrez
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonathan S Oakhill
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Pascal Maire
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 75014, Paris, France
| | - John W Scott
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; Protein Chemistry and Metabolism Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sanders
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Descombes
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Shuai Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N3Z5, Canada; Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N3Z5, Canada
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yabut JM, Crane JD, Green AE, Keating DJ, Khan WI, Steinberg GR. Emerging Roles for Serotonin in Regulating Metabolism: New Implications for an Ancient Molecule. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:1092-1107. [PMID: 30901029 PMCID: PMC6624793 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin is a phylogenetically ancient biogenic amine that has played an integral role in maintaining energy homeostasis for billions of years. In mammals, serotonin produced within the central nervous system regulates behavior, suppresses appetite, and promotes energy expenditure by increasing sympathetic drive to brown adipose tissue. In addition to these central circuits, emerging evidence also suggests an important role for peripheral serotonin as a factor that enhances nutrient absorption and storage. Specifically, glucose and fatty acids stimulate the release of serotonin from the duodenum, promoting gut peristalsis and nutrient absorption. Serotonin also enters the bloodstream and interacts with multiple organs, priming the body for energy storage by promoting insulin secretion and de novo lipogenesis in the liver and white adipose tissue, while reducing lipolysis and the metabolic activity of brown and beige adipose tissue. Collectively, peripheral serotonin acts as an endocrine factor to promote the efficient storage of energy by upregulating lipid anabolism. Pharmacological inhibition of serotonin synthesis or signaling in key metabolic tissues are potential drug targets for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Yabut
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin D Crane
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander E Green
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Damien J Keating
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Waliul I Khan
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mottillo EP, Desjardins EM, Fritzen AM, Zou VZ, Crane JD, Yabut JM, Kiens B, Erion DM, Lanba A, Granneman JG, Talukdar S, Steinberg GR. FGF21 does not require adipocyte AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) or the phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) to mediate improvements in whole-body glucose homeostasis. Mol Metab 2017; 6:471-481. [PMID: 28580278 PMCID: PMC5444097 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) shows great potential for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes, as its long-acting analogue reduces body weight and improves lipid profiles of participants in clinical studies; however, the intracellular mechanisms mediating these effects are poorly understood. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important energy sensor of the cell and a molecular target for anti-diabetic medications. This work examined the role of AMPK in mediating the glucose and lipid-lowering effects of FGF21. Methods Inducible adipocyte AMPK β1β2 knockout mice (iβ1β2AKO) and littermate controls were fed a high fat diet (HFD) and treated with native FGF21 or saline for two weeks. Additionally, HFD-fed mice with knock-in mutations on the AMPK phosphorylation sites of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)1 and ACC2 (DKI mice) along with wild-type (WT) controls received long-acting FGF21 for two weeks. Results Consistent with previous studies, FGF21 treatment significantly reduced body weight, adiposity, and liver lipids in HFD fed mice. To add, FGF21 improved circulating lipids, glycemic control, and insulin sensitivity. These effects were independent of adipocyte AMPK and were not associated with changes in browning of white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Lastly, we assessed whether FGF21 exerted its effects through the AMPK/ACC axis, which is critical in the therapeutic benefits of the anti-diabetic medication metformin. ACC DKI mice had improved glucose and insulin tolerance and a reduction in body weight, body fat and hepatic steatosis similar to WT mice in response to FGF21 administration. Conclusions These data illustrate that the metabolic improvements upon FGF21 administration are independent of adipocyte AMPK, and do not require the inhibitory action of AMPK on ACC. This is in contrast to the anti-diabetic medication metformin and suggests that the treatment of obesity and diabetes with the combination of FGF21 and AMPK activators merits consideration. FGF21 reduces adiposity and improves insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet. FGF21 improves insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis independent of adipocyte AMPK. FGF21 treatment does not elicit an increase in browning of BAT or WAT. In contrast to metformin, FGF21's intracellular mechanism is not through AMPK/ACC. Findings suggest that combination of FGF21 and AMPK activators could be of benefit.
Collapse
Key Words
- ACC
- ACC DKI, ACC1-S79A and ACC2-S212A double knock-in
- ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase
- AKT, protein kinase B
- AMPK
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- Adipocyte
- BAT, brown adipose tissue
- Brown fat
- CNS, central nervous system
- COX, cytochrome c oxidase
- CreERT2, Cre recombinase – estrogen receptor T2
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- Diabetes
- FFA, free fatty acid
- FGF21
- FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21
- FGFR1c, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1c
- GTT, glucose tolerance test
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HFD, high fat diet
- ITT, insulin tolerance test
- KLB, beta klotho
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Obesity
- RER, respiratory exchange ratio
- TAG, triacylglycerol
- UCP1, uncoupling protein 1
- WAT, white adipose tissue
- WT, wildtype
- gWAT, gonadal white adipose tissue
- iWAT, inguinal white adipose tissue
- iβ1β2AKO, inducible AMPK β1β2 adipocyte knockout
- mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio P Mottillo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Eric M Desjardins
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Andreas M Fritzen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vito Z Zou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Justin D Crane
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Julian M Yabut
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Derek M Erion
- Liver Disease Research, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Adhiraj Lanba
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases, Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Saswata Talukdar
- Cardiometabolic Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories South San Francisco LLC, 630 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|