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Hosoda M, Hozumi W, Akata N, Endo A, Kelleher K, Yamanouchi K, Imajo Y, Fukuhara T, Shiroma Y, Iwaoka K, Tokonami S. EVALUATIONS OF INVENTORY AND ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION OF RADIOCESIUM IN SOIL AT A RESIDENTIAL HOUSE 3 YEARS AFTER THE FUKUSHIMA NUCLEAR ACCIDENT. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2019; 184:518-522. [PMID: 31330027 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil samples from the surface to a 5 cm depth were collected at a residential house in Koriyama City, Fukushima Prefecture using a scraper plate every three months from March 2014 to September 2014 to evaluate the vertical distribution profiles and inventories of 134Cs and 137Cs in soil. The vertical distribution profiles of radiocesium (134Cs and 137Cs) in soil showed that greater than 86% of the total radiocesium was absorbed in the upper 2 cm 3 years after the accident. Radiocesium in the surface layer seems to move to the lower layer over time. The migration of radiocesium in surface layer might be influenced by the ground surface runoff by rainfall. Radiocesium inventories in June increased significantly over the short period between March and June. In contrast, the radiocesium inventories in September did not increase significantly compared to the values in June. Radiocesium resuspension and deposition caused by decontamination work and meteorological events might be one possible reason for the increased radiocesium inventories observed in June.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hosoda
- Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - W Hozumi
- Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - N Akata
- National Institute for Fusion Science/The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Toki, Japan
| | - A Endo
- Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - K Kelleher
- Environmental Protection Agency, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Y Imajo
- Advanced Fusion Technology Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Fukuhara
- Advanced Fusion Technology Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Shiroma
- Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - K Iwaoka
- Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Smith T, Benard S, Jacob J, Tsao D, Cunningham K, DeSilva T, Lin L, Carter L, Shaw G, Kriz R, Schaub R, Kelleher K. IDENTIFICATION OF POTENT CYCLIC PEPTIDES THAT BIND TO PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN IB ALPHA AND SELECTIVELY INHIBIT VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR DEPENDENT HIGH-SHEAR PLATELET AGGREGATION. J Thromb Haemost 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.tb02824.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Patwardhan A, Kelleher K, Jones K, Ardoin S, Spencer C. PReS-FINAL-2023: Uveitis surveillance through lean-six sigma for quality assurance in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2013. [PMCID: PMC4043972 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-s2-p36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Garvey P, McKeown P, Kelly P, Cormican M, Anderson W, Flack A, Barron S, De Lappe N, Buckley J, Cosgrove C, Molloy D, O' Connor J, O' Sullivan P, Matthews J, Ward M, Breslin A, O' Sullivan MB, Kelleher K, McNamara A, Foley-Nolan C, Pelly H, Cloak F. Investigation and management of an outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium DT8 associated with duck eggs, Ireland 2009 to 2011. Euro Surveill 2013; 18:20454. [PMID: 23611032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium DT8 was a very rare cause of human illness in Ireland between 2000 and 2008, with only four human isolates from three patients being identified. Over a 19-month period between August 2009 and February 2011, 34 confirmed cases and one probable case of Salmonella Typhimurium DT8 were detected, all of which had an MLVA pattern 2-10-NA-12-212 or a closely related pattern. The epidemiological investigations strongly supported a linkbetween illness and exposure to duck eggs. Moreover, S. Typhimurium with an MLVA pattern indistinguishable (or closely related) to the isolates from human cases, was identified in 22 commercial and backyard duck flocks, twelve of which were linked with known human cases. A range of control measures were taken at farm level, and advice was provided to consumers on the hygienic handling and cooking of duck eggs. Although no definitive link was established with a concurrent duck egg-related outbreak of S. Typhimurium DT8 in the United Kingdom, it seems likely that the two events were related. It may be appropriate for other countries with a tradition of consuming duck eggs to consider the need for measures to reduce the risk of similar outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Garvey
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland.
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Garvey P, McKeown P, Kelly P, Cormican M, Anderson W, Flack A, Barron S, De Lappe N, Buckley J, Cosgrove C, Molloy D, O’Connor J, O’Sullivan P, Matthews J, Ward M, Breslin A, O’Sullivan MB, Kelleher K, McNamara A, Foley-Nolan C, Pelly H, Cloak F, Outbreak control team C. Investigation and management of an outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium DT8 associated with duck eggs, Ireland 2009 to 2011. Euro Surveill 2013. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.18.16.20454-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
>Salmonella Typhimurium DT8 was a very rare cause of human illness in Ireland between 2000 and 2008, with only four human isolates from three patients being identified. Over a 19-month period between August 2009 and February 2011, 34 confirmed cases and one probable case of Salmonella Typhimurium DT8 were detected, all of which had an MLVA pattern 2-10-NA-12-212 or a closely related pattern. The epidemiological investigations strongly supported a link between illness and exposure to duck eggs. Moreover, S. Typhimurium with an MLVA pattern indistinguishable (or closely related) to the isolates from human cases, was identified in 22 commercial and backyard duck flocks, twelve of which were linked with known human cases. A range of control measures were taken at farm level, and advice was provided to consumers on the hygienic handling and cooking of duck eggs. Although no definitive link was established with a concurrent duck egg-related outbreak of S. Typhimurium DT8 in the United Kingdom, it seems likely that the two events were related. It may be appropriate for other countries with a tradition of consuming duck eggs to consider the need for measures to reduce the risk of similar outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Garvey
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P McKeown
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Kelly
- Irish Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Cormican
- National Salmonella, Shigella and Listeria Reference Laboratory, Medical Microbiology Department, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - W Anderson
- Food Safety Authority of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Flack
- Irish Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Barron
- Irish Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N De Lappe
- National Salmonella, Shigella and Listeria Reference Laboratory, Medical Microbiology Department, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - J Buckley
- Veterinary Department, Cork County Council, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Cosgrove
- Health Service Executive, Communicable Disease Unit of the Environmental Health Service, Blanchardstown Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Molloy
- Health Service Executive, Communicable Disease Unit of the Environmental Health Service, Blanchardstown Dublin, Ireland
| | - J O’Connor
- National Salmonella, Shigella and Listeria Reference Laboratory, Medical Microbiology Department, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - P O’Sullivan
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive Mid-West, Department of Public Health, HSE West, Limerick, Ireland
| | - J Matthews
- Food Safety Authority of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Ward
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive East, Dr Steeven's Hospital, Dublin, Irelan
| | - A Breslin
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Health Service Executive North West, Sligo, Ireland
| | - M B O’Sullivan
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive South, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - K Kelleher
- National Office for Health Protection, Health Service Executive Offices, Limerick, Ireland
| | - A McNamara
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive Dublin/Mid-Leinster, Tullamore Co. Offaly, Ireland
| | | | - H Pelly
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive West, Merlin Park Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - F Cloak
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
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Donohue S, Thornton L, Kelleher K. Blood-borne virus transmission in healthcare settings in Ireland: review of patient notification exercises 1997–2011. J Hosp Infect 2012; 80:265-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Higgins M, Murthy SN, Schafer P, Cooper A, Kasirga E, Lee K, Machisko J, Fountain P, Kelleher K. Dewatering Characteristics of Cambi Thermal Hydrolysis Biosolids: Centrifuges vs. BFPs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2175/193864711802639778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Boland M, O'Herlihy B, O'Brien A, MacDonald P, Crowley D, Kelleher K. Managing pandemic (H1N1) 2009. Ir Med J 2009; 102:267-268. [PMID: 19873871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Boland
- Department of Public Health, HSE East, Dr Steevens Hospital, Dublin.
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Chen G, Sinclair S, Smith GA, Kelleher K, Pajer KA, Gardner W, Xiang H. Personality disorders and nonfatal unintentional injuries among US adults. Inj Prev 2008; 14:180-4. [DOI: 10.1136/ip.2007.016857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zunić ZS, Yarmoshenko IV, Kelleher K, Paridaens J, Mc Laughlin JP, Celiković I, Ujić P, Onischenko AD, Jovanović S, Demajo A, Birovljev A, Bochicchio F. Comparison of retrospective and contemporary indoor radon measurements in a high-radon area of Serbia. Sci Total Environ 2007; 387:269-75. [PMID: 17689589 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Revised: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In Niska Banja, Serbia, which is a high-radon area, a comparison was made between two retrospective radon measuring methods and contemporary radon measurements. The two retrospective methods derive the radon concentrations that occurred in dwellings over longer periods in the past, based on the amount of trapped (210)Po on the surface of glass objects (surface traps, ST) or in the bulk of porous materials (volume traps, VT). Both surface implanted (210)Po in glass objects and contemporary radon in air were measured in 46 rooms, distributed in 32 houses of this radon spa-town, using a dual alpha track detector configuration (CR-39 and LR115) and CR-39 track etched detectors, respectively. In addition to the use of surface trap measurements, in 18 rooms (distributed in 15 houses) VT samples of suitable material were also collected, allowing to compare ST and VT retrospective radon concentration estimates. For each room, contemporary annual radon concentrations (CONT) were measured or estimated using seasonal correction factors. The distribution of the radon concentration in all data sets was found to be close to lognormal (Chi-square test>0.05). Geometric means (GM) are similar, ranging from 1040 to 1380 Bq m(-3), whereas geometric standard deviations (GSD) for both the retrospective methods are greater than for the CONT method, showing reasonable agreement between VT, ST and CONT measurements. A regression analysis, with respect to the lognormal distribution of each data set, shows that for VT-ST the correlation coefficient r is 0.85, for VT-CONT r is 0.82 and for ST-CONT r is 0.73. Comparison of retrospective and contemporary radon concentrations with regard to supposed long-term indoor radon changes further supports the principal agreement between the retrospective and conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Zunić
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, Belgrade, Serbia
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Houghton F, Cowley H, Meehan F, Kelleher K. Overwhelming support for the smoking ban amongst parents in the Mid-West. Ir Med J 2007; 100:443. [PMID: 17566484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
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13
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Stofan ER, Elachi C, Lunine JI, Lorenz RD, Stiles B, Mitchell KL, Ostro S, Soderblom L, Wood C, Zebker H, Wall S, Janssen M, Kirk R, Lopes R, Paganelli F, Radebaugh J, Wye L, Anderson Y, Allison M, Boehmer R, Callahan P, Encrenaz P, Flamini E, Francescetti G, Gim Y, Hamilton G, Hensley S, Johnson WTK, Kelleher K, Muhleman D, Paillou P, Picardi G, Posa F, Roth L, Seu R, Shaffer S, Vetrella S, West R. The lakes of Titan. Nature 2007; 445:61-4. [PMID: 17203056 DOI: 10.1038/nature05438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The surface of Saturn's haze-shrouded moon Titan has long been proposed to have oceans or lakes, on the basis of the stability of liquid methane at the surface. Initial visible and radar imaging failed to find any evidence of an ocean, although abundant evidence was found that flowing liquids have existed on the surface. Here we provide definitive evidence for the presence of lakes on the surface of Titan, obtained during the Cassini Radar flyby of Titan on 22 July 2006 (T16). The radar imaging polewards of 70 degrees north shows more than 75 circular to irregular radar-dark patches, in a region where liquid methane and ethane are expected to be abundant and stable on the surface. The radar-dark patches are interpreted as lakes on the basis of their very low radar reflectivity and morphological similarities to lakes, including associated channels and location in topographic depressions. Some of the lakes do not completely fill the depressions in which they lie, and apparently dry depressions are present. We interpret this to indicate that lakes are present in a number of states, including partly dry and liquid-filled. These northern-hemisphere lakes constitute the strongest evidence yet that a condensable-liquid hydrological cycle is active in Titan's surface and atmosphere, in which the lakes are filled through rainfall and/or intersection with the subsurface 'liquid methane' table.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Stofan
- Proxemy Research, Rectortown, Virginia 20140, USA.
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Elachi C, Wall S, Janssen M, Stofan E, Lopes R, Kirk R, Lorenz R, Lunine J, Paganelli F, Soderblom L, Wood C, Wye L, Zebker H, Anderson Y, Ostro S, Allison M, Boehmer R, Callahan P, Encrenaz P, Flamini E, Francescetti G, Gim Y, Hamilton G, Hensley S, Johnson W, Kelleher K, Muhleman D, Picardi G, Posa F, Roth L, Seu R, Shaffer S, Stiles B, Vetrella S, West R. Titan Radar Mapper observations from Cassini's T3 fly-by. Nature 2006; 441:709-13. [PMID: 16760968 DOI: 10.1038/nature04786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cassini's Titan Radar Mapper imaged the surface of Saturn's moon Titan on its February 2005 fly-by (denoted T3), collecting high-resolution synthetic-aperture radar and larger-scale radiometry and scatterometry data. These data provide the first definitive identification of impact craters on the surface of Titan, networks of fluvial channels and surficial dark streaks that may be longitudinal dunes. Here we describe this great diversity of landforms. We conclude that much of the surface thus far imaged by radar of the haze-shrouded Titan is very young, with persistent geologic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Elachi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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McCaffrey M, Goodman PG, Kelleher K, Clancy L. Smoking, occupancy and staffing levels in a selection of Dublin pubs pre and post a national smoking ban, lessons for all. Ir J Med Sci 2006; 175:37-40. [PMID: 16872027 DOI: 10.1007/bf03167947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND On the 29th March 2004 the Irish government introduced a comprehensive workplace smoking ban to protect the health of workers. This study evaluates the impact the ban had on staffing levels, customer numbers and smoking rates in a sample of 38 public houses in Dublin. METHODS A total of 38 public houses were visited prior to the introduction of the ban, each visit lasted at least three hours, and the number of staff, customers and the number of people smoking was recorded each hour. Follow-up visits were conducted exactly one year later, on the same day of the week and at the same time of day, allowing controlling for seasonal and weekday effects. RESULTS There was a decrease (8.82%) in average staff levels while customer numbers increased by 11% and there was a dramatic reduction in numbers smoking on a visit to a pub (77.8%). CONCLUSIONS The hospitality industry predicted major job losses as a consequence of the introduction of the smoking ban; this work has shown that there was no significant decrease in the number of staff employed or in customer numbers. There was full compliance, with no customers smoking inside the public houses following the introduction of the ban. The ban has been good for the industry, staff, and customers.
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Lorenz RD, Wall S, Radebaugh J, Boubin G, Reffet E, Janssen M, Stofan E, Lopes R, Kirk R, Elachi C, Lunine J, Mitchell K, Paganelli F, Soderblom L, Wood C, Wye L, Zebker H, Anderson Y, Ostro S, Allison M, Boehmer R, Callahan P, Encrenaz P, Ori GG, Francescetti G, Gim Y, Hamilton G, Hensley S, Johnson W, Kelleher K, Muhleman D, Picardi G, Posa F, Roth L, Seu R, Shaffer S, Stiles B, Vetrella S, Flamini E, West R. The Sand Seas of Titan: Cassini RADAR Observations of Longitudinal Dunes. Science 2006; 312:724-7. [PMID: 16675695 DOI: 10.1126/science.1123257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The most recent Cassini RADAR images of Titan show widespread regions (up to 1500 kilometers by 200 kilometers) of near-parallel radar-dark linear features that appear to be seas of longitudinal dunes similar to those seen in the Namib desert on Earth. The Ku-band (2.17-centimeter wavelength) images show approximately 100-meter ridges consistent with duneforms and reveal flow interactions with underlying hills. The distribution and orientation of the dunes support a model of fluctuating surface winds of approximately 0.5 meter per second resulting from the combination of an eastward flow with a variable tidal wind. The existence of dunes also requires geological processes that create sand-sized (100- to 300-micrometer) particulates and a lack of persistent equatorial surface liquids to act as sand traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Lorenz
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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Chen G, Smith GA, Deng S, Chen D, Kelleher K, Xiang H. Psychological symptoms and nonfatal unintentional injuries among Chinese adolescents: a prospective study. J Adolesc Health 2005; 37:460-6. [PMID: 16310123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2004] [Accepted: 09/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe patterns of nonfatal unintentional injuries and investigate the association of psychological symptoms with injury risk among adolescents in Guangxi, China. METHODS Adolescents were selected from middle and high school students in Baise City, Guangxi, China. Psychological symptoms at baseline were measured using SCL-90-R and nonfatal unintentional injuries that occurred among participants were recorded using a standardized injury surveillance questionnaire. Annual injury rates per 100 adolescents by adolescents' demographic and family characteristics were calculated. Student's t-test and the Chi-square test were used to test differences in mean raw scores of SCL-90-R subscales and injury rates. Relative risks and odds ratios of injury with 95% confidence intervals were calculated in univariate analyses and multivariate logistic models. RESULTS A total of 1474 middle and high school students finished the study. Of them, 442 reported nonfatal unintentional injuries during the study period, resulting in an annual injury rate of 30.3 per 100 adolescents. Boys had a significantly higher injury rate than girls (32.6% vs. 27.4%). Injury rate decreased as the adolescents' age increased. Compared with adolescents who were not injured, the injured adolescents had higher average raw scores of all subscales of SCL-90-R, with an exception of the subscale for hostility. All SCL-90-R subscales factors, except those for hostility and phobia, were associated with injury risk. After confounding effects of age, gender, and ethnicity were controlled using logistic regression models, SCL-90-R subscales for somatization (OR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.52-2.63), obsessive-compulsiveness (OR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.71-2.58), interpersonal-sensitivity (OR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.34-2.06), depression (OR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.59-2.51), anxiety (OR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.62-2.66), and psychoticism (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.26-2.03) were significantly associated with an elevated injury risk. CONCLUSION Psychological symptoms are associated with an elevated risk of nonfatal unintentional injury among middle and high school students. Mental health services, such as psychological counseling, may help reduce the risk of nonfatal unintentional injuries among Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chen
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Columbus Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Beggan E, Whyte D, FitzGerald R, de Freitas J, McNamara A, Callinan S, Kelleher K. Human brucellosis in the Mid-West 2002-3. Ir Med J 2005; 98:278-80. [PMID: 16300109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Human brucellosis remains a serious public health issue in Ireland. Clinical notifications in the Mid-Western Area (HSE-MWA) underestimate the burden of illness and attendant morbidity in the region. The diagnosis of acute and chronic human brucellosis depends on the clinical evidence and the results from laboratory serological testing or culture on rare occasion. This study examined the clinical evidence behind locally defined serological "positives" in the HSE-MWA from 2002 to 2003. Ninety cases were detected in 2002 and 31 in 2003. While sampling bias is likely to be present, aspects of brucellosis in Ireland were confirmed. Middle-aged males were most commonly affected. The majority of cases were linked to farming or veterinary practice. Symptoms such as sweats, fever and weight loss were commonly associated with acute brucellosis infection while malaise was common in acute and chronic brucellosis. A clear definition of what is notifiable is needed. Surveillance systems must appreciate the importance of both clinical and laboratory evidence to classify confirmed or probable brucellosis as paired sera were not common. Public health authorities must follow-up the clinical aspects for accurate national statistics. General practitioners in the Mid-West appear to be vigilant regarding brucellosis in their patients. Regional zoonoses committees are useful in monitoring disease prevalence in human and animal populations without compromising confidentiality.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Beggan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mid-Western Regional Hospital, Limerick.
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19
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Elachi C, Wall S, Allison M, Anderson Y, Boehmer R, Callahan P, Encrenaz P, Flamini E, Franceschetti G, Gim Y, Hamilton G, Hensley S, Janssen M, Johnson W, Kelleher K, Kirk R, Lopes R, Lorenz R, Lunine J, Muhleman D, Ostro S, Paganelli F, Picardi G, Posa F, Roth L, Seu R, Shaffer S, Soderblom L, Stiles B, Stofan E, Vetrella S, West R, Wood C, Wye L, Zebker H. Cassini Radar Views the Surface of Titan. Science 2005; 308:970-4. [PMID: 15890871 DOI: 10.1126/science.1109919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper imaged about 1% of Titan's surface at a resolution of approximately 0.5 kilometer, and larger areas of the globe in lower resolution modes. The images reveal a complex surface, with areas of low relief and a variety of geologic features suggestive of dome-like volcanic constructs, flows, and sinuous channels. The surface appears to be young, with few impact craters. Scattering and dielectric properties are consistent with porous ice or organics. Dark patches in the radar images show high brightness temperatures and high emissivity and are consistent with frozen hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Elachi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
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20
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Whyte D, Monahan R, Boyle L, Slevin B, FitzGerald R, Barron D, De Freitas J, Kelleher K. The incidence of S. aureus bacteraemia in acute hospitals of the Mid-Western Area, Ireland, 2002-2004. Euro Surveill 2005; 10:9-10. [DOI: 10.2807/esm.10.05.00538-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns about healthcare-associated infections and the global crisis in antimicrobial resistance has combined to accentuate the fears around so-called "superbugs". In Ireland there is no single agreed indicator regarded as a true measure of the level of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals. The objective of this study was to compare two crude measures of MRSA - the percentage of bacteraemia caused by MRSA and the incidence rate (per 1000 bed days used) of MRSA bacteraemia in six acute hospitals. We examined all blood cultures positive for S. aureus (methicillin sensitive and resistant) from 2002 to 2004 in the Health Service Executive (HSE) Mid-Western Area of Ireland. Hospital In-Patient Enquiry (HIPE) data was used to determine monthly in-patient bed days used. Of 245 patient episodes of bacteraemia, 119 were MRSA. The trends in the percentage of isolates that were MRSA and the incidence rate calculated were compared. The incidence rate appears to be a more reliable and robust indicator of MRSA in hospitals than the percentage. Despite many difficulties in interpreting indicators of MRSA they should not preclude the regular publication of data at least at regional level in Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Whyte
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive Mid-Western Area, Ireland
| | - R Monahan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mid-Western Regional Hospital, Limerick, Ireland
| | - L Boyle
- Infection Control, Mid-Western Regional Hospital, Limerick, Ireland
| | - B Slevin
- Infection Control, Mid-Western Regional Hospital, Limerick, Ireland
| | - R FitzGerald
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive Mid-Western Area, Ireland
| | - D Barron
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mid-Western Regional Hospital, Limerick, Ireland
| | - J De Freitas
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mid-Western Regional Hospital, Limerick, Ireland
| | - K Kelleher
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive Mid-Western Area, Ireland
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Whyte D, Monahan R, Boyle L, Slevin B, FitzGerald R, Barron D, De Freitas J, Kelleher K. The incidence of S. aureus bacteraemia in acute hospitals of the Mid-Western Area, Ireland, 2002-2004. Euro Surveill 2005; 10:75-7. [PMID: 16077206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Concerns about healthcare-associated infections and the global crisis in antimicrobial resistance has combined to accentuate the fears around so-called "superbugs". In Ireland there is no single agreed indicator regarded as a true measure of the level of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals. The objective of this study was to compare two crude measures of MRSA--the percentage of bacteraemia caused by MRSA and the incidence rate (per 1000 bed days used) of MRSA bacteraemia in six acute hospitals. We examined all blood cultures positive for S. aureus (methicillin sensitive and resistant) from 2002 to 2004 in the Health Service Executive (HSE) Mid-Western Area of Ireland. Hospital In-Patient Enquiry (HIPE) data was used to determine monthly in-patient bed days used. Of 245 patient episodes of bacteraemia, 119 were MRSA. The trends in the percentage of isolates that were MRSA and the incidence rate calculated were compared. The incidence rate appears to be a more reliable and robust indicator of MRSA in hospitals than the percentage. Despite many difficulties in interpreting indicators of MRSA they should not preclude the regular publication of data at least at regional level in Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Whyte
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive Mid-Western Area, Ireland
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22
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Houghton F, Cowley H, Kelleher K. Smoking among young people in the MWHB Region in 1997 and 2002. Ir Med J 2005; 98:94. [PMID: 15869073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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23
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Benedict S, Jackson K, Kelleher K, Pan Y, Nureddin A, Racowsky C. Variables that impact the use of cleavage rates in quality assurance assessment. Fertil Steril 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Houghton F, Gleeson M, Kelleher K. The use of primary/national school absenteeism as a proxy retrospective child health status measure in an environmental pollution investigation. Public Health 2003; 117:417-23. [PMID: 14522157 DOI: 10.1016/s0033-3506(03)00098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As a result of community concerns over animal and human ill health centred around a rural town in the Republic of Ireland, a series of epidemiological studies were conducted. The absence of adequate health-information systems forced researchers to investigate alternative methods of assessing child health in the 'at-risk' area. This study aimed to examine annual primary/national school attendance data over a 10 year period as a proxy health status measure. Data from six geographical areas were analysed; one of these six areas was designated the 'high-risk' area on the basis of reports of animal ill health. Significantly higher absenteeism rates were noted in the 'high-risk' area in nine of the 10 years examined. Although caution is urged in the interpretation of these results, this study demonstrates that primary/national school absenteeism data can act as a useful, albeit crude, proxy measure of health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Houghton
- Department of Public Health, Mid-Western Health Board, 31-33 Catherine Street, Limerick, Ireland.
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25
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Feely E, Garavan C, Kelleher K. Dead cattle, lead and child health. Ir Med J 2003; 96:232-4. [PMID: 14653373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out as part of a larger interagency investigation in response to concerns about human health following the death of three cattle from lead poisoning in an old lead mining area in Silvermines, Tipperary. Its aim was to screen for lead toxicity in the local child population. Screening consisted of measurement of blood lead concentrations and the completion of questionnaires regarding exposure to lead and general health. Pre-school and primary school children resident in four surrounding district electoral divisions (DEDs) were specifically targeted. One out of 334 (0.3%) children screened had an elevated blood lead concentration. The geometric mean lead concentration was 2.6 microg/dl which is below the intervention lead concentration of 10 microg/dl recommended by the CDC. The mean lead concentration in those aged under three years was statistically significantly higher than in those aged three years and over (3.4 microg/dl vs 2.5 microg/dl; p=0.000581). No specific health problems were identified by the questionnaires. This study concluded that the elevated environmental lead levels which were demonstrated by other agencies involved in this investigation are not currently being transferred to children. It recommends further blood screening of children in the area and ongoing education to minimise the risk of lead toxicity in the area in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Feely
- Department of Public Health, Mid-Western Health Board, 31-33 Catherine St, Limerick.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence of functional limitations in children seen in a large paediatric practice network and to identify sociodemographic, family and psychosocial factors related to functional limitations. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. POPULATION Children were recruited from two large, practice-based primary care research networks during their paediatric office visits. For the present study, participants included 14 630 school-aged children (ages 6-15 years) and their caregivers. OUTCOMES MEASURED Parents completed written questionnaires including the Pediatric Symptom Checklist, the Family Apgar and the Functional Limitations Index. RESULTS Findings indicated that 15% of children surveyed had some limitation in their daily functioning. More children had schoolwork and physical function limitations than limitations in personal and self-care. Logistic regression equations predicted functional limitations and health status in children from a model of sociodemographic factors, psychosocial symptoms and family functioning. CONCLUSIONS A low but significant number of school-age children seen in the primary care setting experience functional limitations. Children with any psychosocial symptoms were at increased risk for functional limitations, indicating the critical need to screen for functional impairment in children with suspected behavioural or emotional problems. A screening tool of functional limitations may be useful for assessing the presence or absence of such limitations in children's daily function and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mizell Palermo
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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Stork E, Scholle S, Greeno C, Copeland VC, Kelleher K. Monitoring and enforcing cultural competence in Medicaid managed behavioral health care. Ment Health Serv Res 2001; 3:169-77. [PMID: 11718208 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011575632212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years cultural competence has expanded beyond language provisions to include understanding and factoring into services provision the cultural perspectives clients may have that are different from the majority culture. The federal government requires state Medicaid programs to offer culturally competent services, but little is known about how states implement such mandates and monitor and enforce them. We reviewed the origins and implications of cultural competence mandates and conducted a brief case study of 5 states to learn about the implementation of cultural competence provisions in behavioral managed care contracts. We found that states and managed behavioral health organizations (MBHOs) vary in their definitions and implementation of standards to ensure mental health care access for vulnerable populations. Although states had a variety of oversight mechanisms, varying contractual requirements ranging from optional to required, vague contract language, no existing standardized indicators or definitions, and scant data on the cultural characteristics of the populations enrolled in Medicaid managed care hamper monitoring and enforcement of cultural competence by states. Implications for MBHOs, states, and the federal government, as well as services researchers, follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stork
- Center for Mental Health Services Research, School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
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28
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Scholle SH, Gardner W, Harman J, Madlon-Kay DJ, Pascoe J, Kelleher K. Physician gender and psychosocial care for children: attitudes, practice characteristics, identification, and treatment. Med Care 2001; 39:26-38. [PMID: 11176541 DOI: 10.1097/00005650-200101000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine differences by physician gender in the identification and treatment of childhood psychosocial problems. DESIGN Survey of patients (n = 19,963) and physicians (n = 366) in primary care offices in 2 large, practice-based research networks. Multivariate regressions were used to control for patient, physician, and visit characteristics, with a correction for the clustered sample. SUBJECTS Children ages 4 to 15 years seen consecutively for nonemergent care. MEASURES Physician report of attitudes, training, practice factors, and identification and treatment of psychosocial problems. Parental report of demographics and behavioral symptoms. RESULTS Compared with male physicians, female physicians were less likely to view care for psychosocial problems as burdensome. They were more likely to see children who were female, younger, black or Hispanic, in single-parent households, enrolled in public or managed health plans, and with physical health limitations. Children seen by male physicians had higher symptom counts. Male physicians were more likely to report having primary care responsibility for their patient and that parents agree with their care plan. Female physicians spent more time with patients. After controlling for these differences, female physicians did not differ from male physicians in identification or treatment of childhood psychosocial problems. CONCLUSIONS Male and female physicians see different kinds of children for different visit purposes and have different kinds of relationships with their patients. After controlling for these factors, management of childhood psychosocial problems does not differ by physician gender. Improving management of psychosocial conditions depends on identifying modifiable factors that affect diagnosis and treatment; our work suggests that characteristics of the practice environment, physician-patient relationship, and patient self-selection deserve more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Scholle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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29
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Lai S, Kelleher K, Sataloff RT. Vocal fold granuloma: the "ball-valve" phenomenon. Ear Nose Throat J 2000; 79:836. [PMID: 11107684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Lai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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30
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Kelly J, Kelleher K, Khan MK, Rassam SM. A case of haemophagocytic syndrome and Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease occurring concurrently in a 17-year-old female. Int J Clin Pract 2000; 54:547-9. [PMID: 11198737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An unusual case in which a young Asian female presenting with fever, lymphadenopathy and cytopaenia was found to have distinct histological features of both haemophagocytic syndrome (HS) and histiocytic necrotising lymphadenitis (Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, KFD) is presented. We review the clinical features of each of these rare, but important, diagnoses and propose the hypothesis that they may form part of a disease continuum, rather than representing separate entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kelly
- Department of Geriatrics and GIM, Queen Mary's Hospital, Sidcup, UK
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kelly
- Department of Elderly Medicine, Queen Mary's Hospital, Sidcup, Kent, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kelly
- Queen Mary's Hospital, Sidcup, Kent, UK
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33
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Sataloff RT, Kelleher K. Reactive swelling and cyst of the vocal fold. Ear Nose Throat J 2000; 79:78. [PMID: 10697928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R T Sataloff
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University and Graduate Hospital, Philadelphia, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kelly
- Queen Mary's Hospital, Sidcup, Kent, UK
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35
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Kelleher K. Diagnostic imaging. Pictures of health. Hosp Health Netw 1999; 73:20, 22. [PMID: 10523102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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36
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines the psychological symptoms of Bosnian children exposed to war and trauma, and detects changes in these symptoms over time. METHOD A total of 147 displaced children residing in refugee centers in Bosnia completed self-report assessments of anxiety, depressive, and posttraumatic stress symptoms at two time points. RESULTS Symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression showed a greater decrease in boys relative to girls over time. CONCLUSION Gender may be an important factor in the natural course of trauma-related symptoms among war traumatized children. Further research is needed to better understand the psychological effects of war trauma on children, and the natural course of posttraumatic symptoms, so as to improve interventions targeted to this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Stein
- Department of General Internal Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
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37
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Jacobs KA, Collins-Racie LA, Colbert M, Duckett M, Evans C, Golden-Fleet M, Kelleher K, Kriz R, La Vallie ER, Merberg D, Spaulding V, Stover J, Williamson MJ, McCoy JM. A genetic selection for isolating cDNA clones that encode signal peptides. Methods Enzymol 1999; 303:468-79. [PMID: 10349660 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(99)03028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K A Jacobs
- Genetics Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA
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38
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Abstract
Earlier studies have shown that the corpus callosum of rats tends to be larger in males than in females. We report here that the anterior commissure of rats is also larger in males than in females. The sizes of the two commissures were positively correlated in both sexes, but significantly more so in females than in males. The anterior commissure size difference in rats reported here is opposite in direction from that reported elsewhere for humans, and we speculate that this may derive from differences in the relative proportions of the constituent fibers that make up the anterior commissure in the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Noonan
- Department of Biology, Canisius College, Buffalo, NY 14208, USA
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39
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Murphy JM, Kelleher K, Pagano ME, Stulp C, Nutting PA, Jellinek MS, Gardner W, Childs GE. The family APGAR and psychosocial problems in children: a report from ASPN and PROS. J Fam Pract 1998; 46:54-64. [PMID: 9451371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study examined whether the lack of social support as measured by the Family APGAR was related to parents' and physicians' identification of child psychosocial problems and sociodemographic and symptom characteristics of the children screened. METHODS The parents of 9626 children, ages 4 to 15 years, seen for outpatient medical visits participated in this national study. Parents completed the Family APGAR and the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC), a measure of psychosocial dysfunction. Physicians rated the presence of a new or recurrent psychosocial problem in the child. RESULTS Children from families with a lack of social support were 4.3 times as likely to receive scores indicating impairment on the PSC and 2.2 times as likely to be identified as having psychosocial problems by physician report. Families with low social support were significantly more likely to report low parental educational achievement, single parent status, and a history of mental health services for the child. Fifty percent of children from families with low social support were identified as having a psychosocial problem by either the PSC or physician rating, or both; however, only 21% of the children identified with psychosocial impairment by these two measures had scores indicating poor family functioning on the Family APGAR. CONCLUSIONS A lack of family social support is associated with child psychosocial dysfunction as assessed by two different measures. However, the Family APGAR was not a sensitive measure of child psychosocial problems, and thus it supplements, but does not replace, information concerning the child's overall psychosocial functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Murphy
- Child Psychiatry Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA
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40
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Abstract
We compared two educational interventions (didactic lecture with handouts vs guidelines placed in patient charts) and assessed their impact on knowledge of early developmental services and identification of children eligible for these services. Forty-nine pediatric residents participated in preintervention and postintervention tests of knowledge of such services. Mean scores for all residents were 54% (pre-test) and 60% (post-test). First-year residents scored significantly lower than 2nd- and 3rd-year residents on pre- (p = .0001) and post-tests (p < .02). From our convenience sample of 1204 patients, ages newborn to 6 years, seen in the resident continuity clinic during the study period, residents identified children eligible for early developmental services. The mean percentage of identifying eligible children was 13% (range, 0-40%). We did not detect a statistically significant impact of either educational strategy. We conclude, therefore, that more comprehensive strategies are needed to change physician knowledge of and behavior toward early developmental services.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Nalven
- Department of Pediatrics, Mercy Children's Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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41
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Jacobs KA, Collins-Racie LA, Colbert M, Duckett M, Golden-Fleet M, Kelleher K, Kriz R, LaVallie ER, Merberg D, Spaulding V, Stover J, Williamson MJ, McCoy JM. A genetic selection for isolating cDNAs encoding secreted proteins. Gene 1997; 198:289-96. [PMID: 9370294 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(97)00330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a simple, rapid technique for simultaneously isolating large numbers of cDNAs encoding secreted proteins. The technique makes use of a facile genetic selection performed in a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deleted for its endogenous invertase gene. A cDNA cloning vector which carries a modified invertase gene lacking its leader sequence is used in conjunction with this strain. Heterologous secreted genes fused appropriately upstream of this defective invertase provide the necessary signals to restore secretion, allowing the yeast to grow on sugars such as sucrose or raffinose. This microbial growth selection facilitates scanning cDNA libraries containing millions of clones, enabling the wholesale identification of novel secreted proteins without the need for specific bioassays. The technique is similar to one previously described (Klein et al. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 7108-7113). We describe results using a cDNA library derived from activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Genes identified from this library encoded signal sequences of proteins of diverse structure, function, and cellular location such as cytokines, type 1 and type 2 transmembrane proteins, and proteins found in intracellular organelles. In addition, a number of novel secreted proteins were identified, including a chemokine and a novel G-protein-coupled receptor. Since signal sequences possess features conserved throughout evolution, the procedure can be used to isolate genes encoding secreted proteins from both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Jacobs
- Genetics Institute, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
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42
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White DM, Mansfield K, Kelleher K. Increased neurite outgrowth of cultured rat dorsal root ganglion cells following transection or inhibition of axonal transport of the sciatic nerve. Neurosci Lett 1996; 208:93-6. [PMID: 8859898 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(96)12554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dissociated dorsal root ganglion cells (DRGs), taken from rats 2 weeks after sciatic nerve transection, have an increase in the percentage of cells with neurites compared to DRGs taken from normal animals. This study examines the possible factors that may contribute to the nerve injury-induced increase in neuritogenesis. Topical application of the local anaesthetic, bupivicaine, either to the nerve trunk prior to transection or to the proximal nerve stump for 2 weeks had no effect on the increased neurite outgrowth induced by nerve transection. Neurite outgrowth was also not influenced by administration of either nerve growth factor (NGF) via the femoral artery into normal rats or anti-NGF antiserum to the proximal nerve stump. Inhibition of axonal transport by topical application of vinblastine, however, induced a significant increase in neurite outgrowth compared to untreated controls. In addition, vinblastine-treated animals also develop hyperalgesia to mechanical stimulation and transganglionic labelling of sensory neurons with choleragenoid-horseradish peroxidase shows that the area of termination of myelinated sensory neurons in the spinal cord expands into lamina II. The results suggest that nerve injury-induced increase in neurite outgrowth is not dependent on NGF nor nerve impulses generated at the site of injury and supports the view that the absence of an inhibitory factor(s), that in normal animals may regulate neuronal outgrowth.
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MESH Headings
- Anesthetics, Local/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Axonal Transport/drug effects
- Axonal Transport/physiology
- Axons/physiology
- Bupivacaine/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/physiology
- Cells, Cultured/ultrastructure
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Horseradish Peroxidase
- Male
- Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/physiology
- Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology
- Neurites/physiology
- Neurons, Afferent/drug effects
- Neurons, Afferent/physiology
- Neurons, Afferent/ultrastructure
- Nociceptors/drug effects
- Nociceptors/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Sciatic Nerve/cytology
- Vinblastine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- D M White
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, University of Sydney, N.S. W., 2065, Australia
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43
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Chaffin M, Kelleher K, Hollenberg J. Onset of physical abuse and neglect: psychiatric, substance abuse, and social risk factors from prospective community data. Child Abuse Negl 1996; 20:191-203. [PMID: 8734549 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2134(95)00144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies of psychiatric and social risk factors for child maltreatment have been limited by retrospective methodologies and reliance on officially reported or identified samples. Using data from both Waves I and II of the National Institute for Mental Health's Epidemiologic Catchment Area survey, 7,103 parents from a probabilistic community sample who did not self-report physical abuse or neglect of their children at Wave I were followed to determine the risk factors associated with the onset of self-reported physical abuse or neglect identified at Wave II. Social factors considered included age, socioeconomic status, social support, education, household size, and gender. In addition, several psychiatric disorders, including substance abuse disorders and depression were examined. Risk models were developed using hierarchical logistic regression. Physical abuse and neglect were found to have distinct sets of risk factors, with minimal overlap between the groups. Social and demographic variables were found to be limited predictors of maltreatment, while substance abuse disorders were strongly associated with the onset of both abuse and neglect (relative risks = 2.90 and 3.24 respectively). Depression was found to be a strong risk factor for physical abuse (relative risk = 3.45). Implications of the findings are discussed in terms of major causal models of maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chaffin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72202, USA
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Scholle SH, Whiteside L, Kelleher K, Bradley R, Casey P. Health status of preterm low-birth-weight infants. Comparison of maternal reports. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1995; 149:1351-7. [PMID: 7489073 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170250057010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developers of measures of child health status have documented acceptable reliability and some validity, but less attention has been paid to the concurrent and predictive validity of these measures. METHODS We examined the concurrent and predictive validity of the RAND General Health Rating Index, the Stein-Jessop Functional Status II-R, and the mother's global assessment of her child's health on a 5-point scale, in a sample of preterm low-birth-weight children (n = 608) who were followed up as controls in the Infant Health and Development Program. We compared maternal-reported measures assessed at 24 months with other measures of growth, morbidity, functioning, and health care utilization assessed concurrently and at 36 months in bivariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS After controlling for other factors, the RAND General Health Rating Index and the Stein-Jessop Functional Status II-R were unrelated to the growth, utilization, or functioning measures. The RAND General Health Rating Index was significantly, but weakly, related to future morbidity. The mother's global perception of health was significantly related to outpatient utilization and behavior problems. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians may find that maternal assessment of overall child health is a sensitive but nonspecific indicator of the mother's concern. For researchers, none of these measures seems likely to serve as a proxy for health care utilization or morbidity in studies of other phenomena, or as an indicator of detailed health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Scholle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
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Stern HP, Stroh SE, Fiedorek SC, Kelleher K, Mellon MW, Pope SK, Rayford PL. Increased plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide and decreased plasma levels of motilin in encopretic children. Pediatrics 1995; 96:111-7. [PMID: 7596697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abnormalities of hormones affecting gastrointestinal motility have been found in "functional" disorders of the gastrointestinal system in adults. One such disorder of childhood, encopresis, is frequently associated with constipation, the treatment of which often eliminates the soiling. We hypothesized that hormones affecting gastrointestinal motility were different between encopretic patients and matched controls. METHODS Ten encopretic patients were matched by age, race, and sex with controls who had no history of encopresis or constipation. After an overnight fast, each child consumed a meal of Ensure, the amount of which was based on body weight. Plasma levels of gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide, cholecystokinin, motilin, thyroxine, estrogen, and insulin were measured 20 and 5 minutes before the meal, and 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes after the meal. RESULTS Postprandial levels of pancreatic polypeptide remained consistently higher and peaked earlier (P < .05) for encopretic patients. The motilin response was lower (P < .03) for encopretic children than for controls. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that pancreatic polypeptide and motilin responses to a meal are different in encopretic children than in children in the control group. These gastrointestinal hormone findings may in part explain and/or be the result of the severe constipation that frequently underlies the fecal soiling found in these patients. These findings also suggest the motility of the stomach and small intestine may be abnormal in encopresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Stern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
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Starfield B, Riley AW, Green BF, Ensminger ME, Ryan SA, Kelleher K, Kim-Harris S, Johnston D, Vogel K. The adolescent child health and illness profile. A population-based measure of health. Med Care 1995; 33:553-66. [PMID: 7739277 DOI: 10.1097/00005650-199505000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to test the reliability and validity of an instrument to assess adolescent health status. Reliability and validity were examined by administration to adolescents (ages 11-17 years) in eight schools in two urban areas, one area in Appalachia, and one area in the rural South. Integrity of the domains and subdomains and construct validity were tested in all areas. Test/retest stability, criterion validity, and convergent and discriminant validity were tested in the two urban areas. Iterative testing has resulted in the final form of the CHIP-AE (Child Health and Illness Profile-Adolescent Edition) having 6 domains with 20 subdomains. The domains are Discomfort, Disorders, Satisfaction with Health, Achievement (of age-appropriate social roles), Risks, and Resilience. Tested aspects of reliability and validity have achieved acceptable levels for all retained subdomains. The CHIP-AE in its current form is suitable for assessing the health status of populations and subpopulations of adolescents. Evidence from test-retest stability analyses suggests that the CHIP-AE also can be used to assess changes occurring over time or in response to health services interventions targeted at groups of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Starfield
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kelleher K, Chaffin M, Hollenberg J, Fischer E. Alcohol and drug disorders among physically abusive and neglectful parents in a community-based sample. Am J Public Health 1994; 84:1586-90. [PMID: 7943475 PMCID: PMC1615078 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.84.10.1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of substance use disorders and symptoms between adults reporting child physical abuse or neglect and individually matched control subjects in a community sample. METHODS In a nested case-control study, 169 adults reporting physical abuse of a child and 209 adults reporting neglect of a child from 11,662 individuals successfully interviewed in a probabilistic survey in four communities were individually matched with control subjects drawn from the participants. Case subjects were compared with control subjects on the number of alcohol- or drug-related symptoms and disorder diagnoses as determined by symptoms from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. RESULTS Respondents reporting either physical abuse or neglect of children were much more likely than their matched control subjects to report substance abuse or dependence. These differences persisted after potential confounding variables were controlled for. CONCLUSIONS Parental substance abuse and dependence, independent of confounding factors, are highly associated with child maltreatment. Inconsistent results in previous studies may have arisen from reliance on referred samples and unstandardized assessment methods. Agencies involved in the care of abused or neglected children and their families should consider incorporating routine substance abuse evaluations with treatment, or referral for treatment, where indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kelleher
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe rural primary care physicians' current preferences in treating depression and the barriers they face in providing effective care for this condition. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey of randomly selected practicing primary care physicians registered in Arkansas. SETTING Primary care practices in nonmetropolitan counties. PARTICIPANTS Forty of 50 eligible physicians completed a face-to-face interview; one physician, an interview by telephone; and two physicians, an interview in questionnaire form. Total response rate was 86%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Physician preferences for and barriers to the effective management of depression. RESULTS An estimated 44% of rural physicians consider medication alone to be the best initial approach to treating depression; 30% prefer to prescribe medication and refer patients to mental health care professionals for counseling; and 26% prefer to prescribe medication and conduct counseling themselves. The greatest barriers to treatment were the physician's lack of time and the patient's failure to recognize depression. Most physicians had recently referred one or more depressed patients to specialty care and had encountered few referral sources, long waiting lists, and inadequate follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The majority of rural primary care physicians prefer to treat depressed patients in their practices themselves. Except for the limited availability of specialty services, most of the barriers to the provision of effective care for depression perceived by rural physicians do not appear to be unique to rural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rost
- National Institute of Mental Health Center for Rural Mental Healthcare Research, Little Rock
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Abstract
We examined the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of three different screens for child and adolescent emotional and behavioral disorders among a large group of chronically medically ill children and adolescents. The performance of the Child Depression Inventory (CDI), Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC), and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) in detecting emotional or behavioral disorders was compared with the diagnoses obtained by an intensive structured psychiatric interview (Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, Version 2.1) of 112 children and adolescents with chronic medical conditions, and their parents, recruited from a tertiary-care medical center. The CDI, PSC, and CBCL all demonstrated low sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value, but high specificity. We conclude that these three commonly used screening tests performed poorly as screens because of their low sensitivity among children and adolescents with chronic medical conditions. The CDI, PSC, and CBCL should not be relied on as screening instruments for psychopathologic conditions in children and adolescents with chronic medical conditions. Although the screening measures studied may confirm a clinician's concern, the negative findings of this study suggest their use may be misleading and undermine the pediatrician's clinical judgment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Canning
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinics, University of Pittsburgh, PA
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Bowman MR, Crimmins MA, Yetz-Aldape J, Kriz R, Kelleher K, Herrmann S. The cloning of CD70 and its identification as the ligand for CD27. The Journal of Immunology 1994. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.152.4.1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CD70 is a surface Ag found on activated but not resting T and B lymphocytes. The biologic activity of this Ab-defined cell surface molecule on lymphocytes has not been established. Therefore, in an effort to understand the function of the CD70 protein, a mAb defining the CD70 Ag was used to isolate by expression cloning the cDNA responsible for the CD70 molecule. The predicted protein product is a type II transmembrane protein. Bioassays demonstrated that the CD70 cDNA clone expressed in African green monkey kidney cells would induce the proliferation of PHA-costimulated T cells. Comparison with known sequences indicates identity with the CD27 ligand. Therefore the molecule defining the CD70 Ag is identical to the recently defined ligand for CD27.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - R Kriz
- Genetics Institute, Cambridge, MA 02140
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