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Hoch CC, Petry J, Griesbaum L, Weiser T, Werner K, Ploch M, Verschoor A, Multhoff G, Bashiri Dezfouli A, Wollenberg B. 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol): A versatile phytochemical with therapeutic applications across multiple diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115467. [PMID: 37696087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
1,8-cineole (Eucalyptol), a naturally occurring compound derived from botanical sources such as eucalyptus, rosemary, and camphor laurel, has a long history of use in traditional medicine and exhibits an array of biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, bronchodilatory, analgesic, and pro-apoptotic effects. Recent evidence has also indicated its potential role in managing conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, neuropathic pain, and cancer. This review spotlights the health advantages of 1,8-cineole, as demonstrated in clinical trials involving patients with respiratory disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, bronchitis, and rhinosinusitis. In addition, we shed light on potential therapeutic applications of 1,8-cineole in various conditions, such as depression, epilepsy, peptic ulcer disease, diarrhea, cardiac-related heart diseases, and diabetes mellitus. A comprehensive understanding of 1,8-cineole's pharmacodynamics and safety aspects as well as developing effective formulations, might help to leverage its therapeutic value. This thorough review sets the stage for future research on diverse health benefits and potential uses of 1,8-cineole in tackling complex medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima C Hoch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Julie Petry
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Griesbaum
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Weiser
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Werner
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Admar Verschoor
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich (TranslaTUM), Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Bashiri Dezfouli
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich (TranslaTUM), Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany.
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Greiner J, Maitra C, Haberl F, Willer R, Burgess JM, Langer N, Bodensteiner J, Buckley DAH, Monageng IM, Udalski A, Ritter H, Werner K, Maggi P, Jayaraman R, Vanderspek R. A helium-burning white dwarf binary as a supersoft X-ray source. Nature 2023; 615:605-609. [PMID: 36949334 PMCID: PMC10033417 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Type Ia supernovae are cosmic distance indicators1,2, and the main source of iron in the Universe3,4, but their formation paths are still debated. Several dozen supersoft X-ray sources, in which a white dwarf accretes hydrogen-rich matter from a non-degenerate donor star, have been observed5 and suggested as Type Ia supernovae progenitors6-9. However, observational evidence for hydrogen, which is expected to be stripped off the donor star during the supernova explosion10, is lacking. Helium-accreting white dwarfs, which would circumvent this problem, have been predicted for more than 30 years (refs. 7,11,12), including their appearance as supersoft X-ray sources, but have so far escaped detection. Here we report a supersoft X-ray source with an accretion disk whose optical spectrum is completely dominated by helium, suggesting that the donor star is hydrogen-free. We interpret the luminous and supersoft X-rays as resulting from helium burning near the surface of the accreting white dwarf. The properties of our system provide evidence for extended pathways towards Chandrasekhar-mass explosions based on helium accretion, in particular for stable burning in white dwarfs at lower accretion rates than expected so far. This may allow us to recover the population of the sub-energetic so-called Type Iax supernovae, up to 30% of all Type Ia supernovae13, within this scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Greiner
- Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany.
| | - C Maitra
- Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany
| | - F Haberl
- Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany
| | - R Willer
- Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany
| | - J M Burgess
- Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany
| | - N Langer
- Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Bodensteiner
- ESO - European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere, Garching, Germany
| | - D A H Buckley
- South African Astronomical Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - I M Monageng
- South African Astronomical Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Udalski
- Astronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Garching, Germany
| | - K Werner
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Kepler Center for Astro and Particle Physics, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - P Maggi
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, Strasbourg, France
| | - R Jayaraman
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R Vanderspek
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Werner K, Gerstenslager B, Yeh P, Srikanchana R, Kenney K, Ollinger J. 0046 Diffusion Tensor Imaging Evidence of Hypothalamic Injury in Traumatic Brain Injury Warfighters with Sleep Dysfunction. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
While sleep disorders occur in 40–70% of chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, the pathophysiology remains unknown. Increasingly, DTI has been used to evaluate gray matter structures, but no prior studies have evaluated hypothalamic regions in TBI. We hypothesized that TBI patients with poor sleep quality by questionnaire and/or polysomnography (PSG) may have structural injury to hypothalamic sleep circuitry and that this may be detectable by diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI). We examined diffusion tensor parameters in warfighters using dMRI within the hypothalamus of poor sleepers and compared them to good sleepers.
Methods
A retrospective review of 92 warfighters with blast TBI and loss of consciousness included demographics, structural MRI, dMRI, PSG and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Acquisition of diffusion-weighted and structural data was performed with three Tesla MRI. Using the California Institute of Technology probabilistic high-resolution in vivo atlas as a prior, the hypothalamic nuclei were segmented by applying diffeomorphic registration of T1- and T2-weighted structural images and mapped to dMRI space.
Results
TBI patients within the lowest quartile of hypothalamic fractional anisotropy (FA) measures demonstrated decreased total sleep time (320 +/- 52 minutes vs. 382 +/- 19, p=0.006) on PSG and had more sleep complaints on PSQI (p=0.029) compared to those with the highest quartile of FA measures. There was no difference in BMI, age or AHI among the quartiles. Radial, mean and axial diffusivity quartiles did not carry significant differences in TST or PSQI. Linear models did not show significant correlation between any imaging parameter and sleep quality measures.
Conclusion
Our results reveal microstructural differences in the hypothalami of military TBI patients that may be related to clinical sleep dysfunction. Biomarkers of sleep circuitry damage may further our understanding of sleep dysfunction after TBI. Lack of correlations in linear models may be a reflection of the small sample size or a complex interaction, and removal of outliers did not change our results. Larger longitudinal studies may help clarify the association between hypothalamic and brainstem circuitry structure after TBI and sleep dysfunction.
Support
This work was supported by a grant 130132 from USAMRMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Werner
- Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - P Yeh
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - R Srikanchana
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - K Kenney
- Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - J Ollinger
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
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Werner K, Shahim P, Gill J, Nakase-Richardson R, Kenney K. 0416 Poor Sleep Quality Predicts Serum Markers of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Deficits in Warriors with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Increasing evidence links neurodegeneration to traumatic brain injury (TBI), and a separate body of literature links neurodegeneration to sleep dysfunction, implicating increased toxin production and decreased glymphatic clearance. Sleep disorders affect 50% of TBI patients, yet the sleep-neurodegeneration connection in these patients remains unexplored. We hypothesized that warfighters with TBI and sleep dysfunction would have increased neuronal injury, revealing potential mechanistic underpinnings for TBI outcomes. We measured plasma biomarkers, cognitive function and sleep surveys for correlation analysis.
Methods
In a retrospective cross-sectional study of warfighters (n=113 chronic mild TBI patients), the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was compared with amyloid β42 (Aβ42), neurofilament light (NFL), tau, and phospho-tau (threonine 181) isolated from plasma and exosomes. Executive function was tested with the categorical fluency test. Exosomes were precipitated from plasma. Proteins were measured with the Single Molecule Array (Quanterix). Linear models were adjusted for age, ApoE, and number of TBIs.
Results
Poor sleepers with TBI (PSQI>8) had elevated NFL compared to good sleepers in plasma (p=0.007) and exosomes (p=0.00017), and PSQI directly correlated with NFL (plasma: Beta=0.23, p=0.0079; exosomes: Beta=2.19, p=0.0013) stronger than any other marker of neurodegeneration. Poor sleepers also showed higher obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk compared to good sleepers by STOP-BANG scores (3.6, SD=1.6 vs 2.8, SD=1.74; p=0.0014) as well as decreased categorical fluency (20.7, SD=4.1) (18.3, SD=4.6, p=.0067). Plasma tau and Aβ42 also correlated with PSQI (Beta=0.64, p=0.028, and Beta=0.40, p=0.049 respectively).
Conclusion
This is the first reported data correlating markers of neuronal injury and cognitive deficits with sleep complaints and OSA risk in patients with TBI - possibly identifying treatable pathophysiological mediators of TBI neurodegeneration. Limitations include a small sample size, lack of objective sleep measures, and inability to establish directionality due to cross-sectional design. Prospective trials will be required to further explore our proposed hypothesis. If confirmed, these findings would call for targeting sleep disorders in the TBI population to mitigate risk of neurodegeneration.
Support
This work was supported by grant funding from: Department of Defense, Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium (CENC) Award W81XWH-13-2-0095 and Department of Veterans Affairs CENC Award I01 CX001135.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Werner
- Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - P Shahim
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - J Gill
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - K Kenney
- Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
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Frindte K, Pape R, Werner K, Löffler J, Knief C. Temperature and soil moisture control microbial community composition in an arctic-alpine ecosystem along elevational and micro-topographic gradients. ISME J 2019; 13:2031-2043. [PMID: 30952996 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microbial communities in arctic-alpine soils show biogeographic patterns related to elevation, but the effect of fine-scale heterogeneity and possibly related temperature and soil moisture regimes remains unclear. We collected soil samples from different micro-topographic positions and elevational levels in two mountain regions of the Scandes, Central Norway. Microbial community composition was characterized by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and was dependent on micro-topography and elevation. Underlying environmental drivers were identified by integration of microbial community data with a comprehensive set of site-specific long-term recorded temperature and soil moisture data. Partial least square regression analysis allowed the description of ecological response patterns and the identification of the important environmental drivers for each taxonomic group. This demonstrated for the first time that taxa responding to elevation were indeed most strongly defined by temperature, rather than by other environmental factors. Micro-topography affected taxa were primarily controlled by temperature and soil moisture. In general, 5-year datasets had higher explanatory power than 1-year datasets, indicating that the microbial community composition is dependent on long-term developments of near-ground temperature and soil moisture regimes and possesses a certain resilience, which is in agreement with an often observed delayed response in global warming studies in arctic-alpine regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Frindte
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Molecular Biology of the Rhizosphere, Nussallee 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - R Pape
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - K Werner
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Molecular Biology of the Rhizosphere, Nussallee 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany.,Beuth Hochschule für Technik, Seestraße 64, 13347, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Löffler
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - C Knief
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Molecular Biology of the Rhizosphere, Nussallee 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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6
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Abstract
We summarize the main features of the hadronic interaction model EPOS, which is used for cosmic ray air shower simulations but also for p-p, p-A, and A-A collisions to be compared with experimental data from LHC and RHIC.
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7
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Werner K, Knospe AG, Markert C, Guiot B, Karpenko I, Pierog T, Sophys G, Stefaniak M, Bleicher M, Steinheimer J. Resonance production in high energy collisions from small to big systems. EPJ Web Conf 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201817109002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to understand resonance production (and more generally particle production) for different collision systems, namely proton-proton (pp), proton-nucleus (pA), and nucleus-nucleus (AA) scattering at the LHC. We will investigate in particular particle yields and ratios versus multiplicity, using the same multiplicity definition for the three different systems, in order to analyse in a compact way the evolution of particle production with the system size and the origin of a very different system size dependence of the different particles.
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8
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Werner K, Rauch T, Kruk JW. Metal abundances in hot white dwarfs with signatures of a superionized wind. Astron Astrophys 2018; 609:10.1051/0004-6361/201731740. [PMID: 32020917 PMCID: PMC6999747 DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201731740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
About a dozen hot white dwarfs with effective temperatures T eff = 65 000 K - 120 000 K exhibit unusual absorption features in their optical spectra. These objects were tentatively identified as Rydberg lines of ultra-high excited metals in ionization stages v-x, indicating line formation in a dense environment with temperatures near 106 K. Since some features show blueward extensions, it was argued that they stem from a superionized wind. A unique assignment of the lines to particular elements is not possible, although they probably stem from C, N, O, and Ne. To further investigate this phenomenon, we analyzed the ultraviolet spectra available from only three stars of this group; that is, two helium-rich white dwarfs, HE 0504-2408 and HS 0713+3958 with spectral type DO, and a hydrogen-rich white dwarf, HS 2115+1148 with spectral type DAO. We identified light metals (C, N, O, Si, P, and S) with generally subsolar abundances and heavy elements from the iron group (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) with solar or oversolar abundance. The abundance patterns are not unusual for hot WDs and can be interpreted as the result of gravitational settling and radiative levitation of elements. As to the origin of the ultra-high ionized metals lines, we discuss the possible presence of a multicomponent radiatively driven wind that is frictionally heated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Werner
- Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Kepler Center for Astro and Particle Physics, Eberhard Karls University, Sand 1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - T Rauch
- Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Kepler Center for Astro and Particle Physics, Eberhard Karls University, Sand 1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - J W Kruk
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
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Abstract
We pursue the study of event by event correlations between low-mass particles and heavy mesons flow harmonics in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions and clarify some ambiguities found in one of our previous work.
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10
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Krause T, Werner K, Fiebach JB, Villringer K, Piper SK, Haeusler KG, Endres M, Scheitz JF, Nolte CH. Stroke in right dorsal anterior insular cortex Is related to myocardial injury. Ann Neurol 2017; 81:502-511. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.24906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Krause
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology; Berlin Germany
| | - Kathrin Werner
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology; Berlin Germany
| | - Jochen B. Fiebach
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Kersten Villringer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Sophie K. Piper
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Karl Georg Haeusler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology; Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology; Berlin Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK); Berlin Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH); Berlin Germany
| | - Jan F. Scheitz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology; Berlin Germany
| | - Christian H. Nolte
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology; Berlin Germany
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Werner K, Donow C, Pandur P. Chip/Ldb1 interacts with Tailup/islet1 to regulate cardiac gene expression inDrosophila. Genesis 2017; 55. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Werner
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekulare Biologie; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11; 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Cornelia Donow
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekulare Biologie; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11; 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Petra Pandur
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekulare Biologie; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11; 89081 Ulm Germany
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Schootman M, Nelson EJ, Werner K, Shacham E, Elliott M, Ratnapradipa K, Lian M, McVay A. Emerging technologies to measure neighborhood conditions in public health: implications for interventions and next steps. Int J Health Geogr 2016; 15:20. [PMID: 27339260 PMCID: PMC4918113 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-016-0050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse neighborhood conditions play an important role beyond individual characteristics. There is increasing interest in identifying specific characteristics of the social and built environments adversely affecting health outcomes. Most research has assessed aspects of such exposures via self-reported instruments or census data. Potential threats in the local environment may be subject to short-term changes that can only be measured with more nimble technology. The advent of new technologies may offer new opportunities to obtain geospatial data about neighborhoods that may circumvent the limitations of traditional data sources. This overview describes the utility, validity and reliability of selected emerging technologies to measure neighborhood conditions for public health applications. It also describes next steps for future research and opportunities for interventions. The paper presents an overview of the literature on measurement of the built and social environment in public health (Google Street View, webcams, crowdsourcing, remote sensing, social media, unmanned aerial vehicles, and lifespace) and location-based interventions. Emerging technologies such as Google Street View, social media, drones, webcams, and crowdsourcing may serve as effective and inexpensive tools to measure the ever-changing environment. Georeferenced social media responses may help identify where to target intervention activities, but also to passively evaluate their effectiveness. Future studies should measure exposure across key time points during the life-course as part of the exposome paradigm and integrate various types of data sources to measure environmental contexts. By harnessing these technologies, public health research can not only monitor populations and the environment, but intervene using novel strategies to improve the public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schootman
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
| | - E J Nelson
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - K Werner
- George W. Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - E Shacham
- Department of Behavioral and Science and Health Education, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Elliott
- Department of Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - K Ratnapradipa
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - M Lian
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - A McVay
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
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13
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Werner K, Guiot B, Karpenko I, Knospe A, Markert C, Pierog T, Steinheimer J. Latest results from EPOS3 on the production of stable and unstable hadrons. EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20159700030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Hirschfeld M, Stickeler E, Bronsert P, Jäger M, Thurig K, Werner K, Werner M. Evaluation of novel diagnostic and prognostic miRNA signatures in triple negative breast cancer. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1388411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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15
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Abstract
There is ample evidence suggesting a bidirectional connection between bodily movements and cognitive processes, such as problem solving. Current research suggests that previous movements can influence the problem-solving process, but it is unclear what phase of this process is affected. Therefore, we investigated participants’ gaze behaviour in the first phase of arithmetic problem solving with two groups (plus group, minus group) to explore a spatial bias toward the left or the right while perceiving a problem-solving task (the water-jar problem) after two different movements—that is, for the plus group, sorting marbles from two outer bowls into one in the middle, and for the minus group, sorting marbles from the middle bowl to the outer ones. We showed a right shift of spatial bias for the plus and to the left for the minus group in the perception and problem tasks. Although movements affected gaze, the groups did not differ in their overall problem-solving strategies; however, the first correct solutions did differ. This study provides further evidence of sensorimotor effects on problem solving and spatial bias and offers insight into how a two-phase problem-solving process is guided by sensorimotor information.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Werner
- Department of Performance Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Psychology, Cologne, Germany
| | - M. Raab
- Department of Performance Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Psychology, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
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Werner K, Bleicher M, Guiot B, Karpenko I, Pierog T. Evidence for flow from hydrodynamic simulations of p-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV from v2 mass splitting. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:232301. [PMID: 24972201 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.232301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We show that a fluid dynamical scenario, already well tested against identified particle p(t) spectra, describes quantitatively the observed mass splitting of the elliptical flow coefficients v(2) for pions and protons. This provides a strong argument in favor of the existence of a fluid dynamical expansion in p-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Werner
- SUBATECH, University of Nantes-IN2P3/CNRS-EMN, Nantes, France
| | - M Bleicher
- FIAS, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universitaet, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B Guiot
- SUBATECH, University of Nantes-IN2P3/CNRS-EMN, Nantes, France
| | - Iu Karpenko
- FIAS, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universitaet, Frankfurt am Main, Germany and Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev 143, 03680, Ukraine
| | - T Pierog
- Karlsruhe Institut of Technology, KIT, Campus North, Instut für Kernphysik, Germany
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Lemoine S, Fournier T, Kocevar G, Belloi A, Ibarrola D, Sappey-Marinier D, Juillard L, Kaysen G, Usvyat L, Grassmann A, Marcelli D, Pecoits-Filho R, Marelli C, Kooman J, Van Der Sande F, Haviv Y, Power A, Kotanko P, Migliori M, Cantaluppi V, Medica D, Paoletti S, Panichi V, Kuragano T, Yahiro M, Kida A, Nagasawa Y, Hasuike Y, Nanami M, Nakanishi T, Garneata L, Slusanschi O, Dragomir DR, Corbu-Stancu A, Barbulescu C, Mircescu G, Minutolo R, Borrelli S, De Nicola L, Conte G, Basic-Jukic N, Katalinic L, Ivandic E, Kes P, Jelakovic B, Beberashvili I, Sinuani I, Azar A, Shapiro G, Feldman L, Stav K, Sandbank J, Averbukh Z, Bruschetta E, Righetti M, Colombo F, Palmieri N, Prencipe M, Bracchi O, Stefani F, Amar K, Scalia A, Conte F, Rosenberger J, Majernikova M, Kissova V, Straussova Z, Boldizsar J, Cobo G, Di Gioia C, Camacho R, Garcia Lacalle C, Ortega O, Rodriguez I, Mon C, Ortiz M, Herrero J, Oliet A, Vigil A, Gallar P, Kyriazis J, Markaki A, Kourtesi K, Kalymniou M, Vougazianos S, Kyriazis P, Stylianou K, Tanaka H, Tsuneyoshi S, Sawa M, Fujisaki K, Daijo Y, Hristea D, Paris A, Lefrancois G, Volteau C, Savoiu C, Ozenne S, Testa A, Coupel S, Bertho I, Legall MC, Magnard J, Deschamps T, Capusa C, Stoian I, Barbulescu C, Santimbrean C, Dumitru D, Mircescu G, Kato S, Lindholm B, Yuzawa Y, Shiels PG, Hwang JC, Jiang MY, Lu YH, Wang CT, Chiou TTY, Lee YT, Ng HY, Lee CT, Kaminska D, Koscielska-Kasprzak K, Chudoba P, Mazanowska O, Zabinska M, Banasik M, Boratynska M, Lepiesza A, Korta K, Klinger M, Struijk-Wielinga T, Neelemaat F, Slieker T, Koolen M, Ter Wee PM, Weijs PJ\, Tsuchida K, Hirose D, Minakuchi J, Kawashima S, Tomo T, Lee JE, Yun GY, Choi HY, Lee S, Kim W, Jo IY, Ha SK, Kim HJ, Park HC, Migliori M, Scatena A, Cantaluppi V, Rosati A, Pizzarelli F, Panichi V, Shin BC, Kim HL, Chung JH, Malgorzewicz S, Chmmielewski M, Debska-Slizien A, Rutkowski B, Kolesnyk M, Stepanova N, Korol L, Kulizkyi M, Ablogina O, Migal L, Takahashi T, Kitajima Y, Hirano S, Naka A, Ogawa H, Aono M, Sato Y, Hoppe K, Schwermer K, K Ysz P, Kaczmarek J, Baum E, Sikorska D, Radziszewska D, Szkudlarek M, Olejniczak P, Pawlaczyk K, Lindholm B, Oko A, Severova Andreevska G, Trajceska L, Gelev S, Dzekova P, Selim G, Sikole A, Trajceska L, Severova Andreevska G, Rambabova Busletik I, Gelev S, Pavleska Kuzmanovska S, Dzekova Vidimiski P, Selim G, Sikole A, Borrelli S, De Simone E, Laurino S, De Simone W, Ahbap E, Kara E, Basturk T, Sakaci T, Koc Y, Sahutoglu T, Akgol C, Sevinc M, Atan Ucar Z, Unsal A, Girndt M, Fiedler R, Martus P, Pawlak M, Storr M, Boehler T, Templin M, Trojanowicz B, Ulrich C, Glomb M, Liehr K, Werner K, Zickler D, Schindler R, Vishnevskii KA, Gerasimchuk RP, Zemchenkov AY, Moura A, Madureira J, Alija P, Fernandes JC, Oliveira JG, Lopez M, Filgueiras M, Amado L, Sameiro-Faria M, Miranda V, Vieira M, Santos-Silva A, Costa E, Zaluska W, Kotlinska-Hasiec EKH, Zaluska A, Rzecki Z, Zadora P, Dabrowski W, Sikole A, Trajceska L, Amitov V, Busletik IR, Dzekova P, Selim G, Severova Andreevska G, Gelev S, Aicardi Spalloni V, La Milia V, Longhi S, Volo L, Del Vecchio L, Pontoriero G, Locatelli F, Martino F, Scalzotto E, Corradi V, Nalesso F, Zanella M, Brandolan A, Perez De Jose A, Abad S, Vega A, Reque J, Quiroga B, Lopez-Gomez JM, Esteve Simo V, Duarte Gallego V, Moreno Guzman F, Fulquet Nicolas M, Pou Potau M, Saurina Sole A, Carneiro Oliveira J, Ramirez De Arellano Serna M, Ahbap E, Kara E, Basturk T, Koc Y, Sakaci T, Sahutoglu T, Sevinc M, Atan Ucar Z, Unsal A, Van Diepen AT, Hoekstra T, De Mutsert R, Rotmans JI, De Boer M, Suttorp MM, Struijk DG, Boeschoten EW, Krediet RT, Dekker FW, Trigka K, Chouchoulis K, Musso CG, Kaza M, Mpimpi A, Pipili C, Kyritsis I, Douzdampanis P, Streja E, Rezakhani S, Rhee CM, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Streja E, Doshi M, Rhee C, Kovesdy C, Moradi H, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Dantas MA, Resende LL, Silva LF, Matos CM, Lopes GB, Lopes AA, Knap B, Arnol M, Buturovic J, Ponikvar R, Bren A, Codognotto M, Piasentin P, Conte F, Righetti M, Limido A, Tsuchida K, Michiwaki H, Minakuchi J, Kawashima S, Tomo T, Mutsaers HA, Jansen J, Van Den Broek PH, Verweij VG, Van Den Heuvel LP, Hoenderop JG, Masereeuw R, Clari R, Mongilardi E, Vigotti FN, Scognamiglio S, Consiglio V, Nazha M, Avagnina P, Piccoli G, Costelloe SJ, Freeman J, Keane DF, Lindley EJ, Thompson D, Kang GW, Lee IH, Ahn KS. DIALYSIS. PROTEIN-ENERGY WASTING, INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
Embodied cognition theories suggest a link between bodily movements and cognitive functions. Given such a link, it is assumed that movement influences the two main stages of problem solving: creating a problem space and creating solutions. This study explores how specific the link between bodily movements and the problem-solving process is. Seventy-two participants were tested with variations of the two-string problem (Experiment 1) and the water-jar problem (Experiment 2), allowing for two possible solutions. In Experiment 1 participants were primed with arm-swing movements (swing group) and step movements on a chair (step group). In Experiment 2 participants sat in front of three jars with glass marbles and had to sort these marbles from the outer jars to the middle one (plus group) or vice versa (minus group). Results showed more swing-like solutions in the swing group and more step-like solutions in the step group, and more addition solutions in the plus group and more subtraction solutions in the minus group. This specificity of the connection between movement and problem-solving task will allow further experiments to investigate how bodily movements influence the stages of problem solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Werner
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - M. Raab
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
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Abstract
We introduced recently a new theoretical scheme which accounts for hydrodynamically expanding bulk matter, jets, and the interaction between the two. Important for the particle production at intermediate values of transverse momentum (p(t)) are jet hadrons produced inside the fluid. They pick up quarks and antiquarks (or diquarks) from the thermal matter rather than creating them via the Schwinger mechanism-the usual mechanism of hadron production from string fragmentation. These hadrons carry plasma properties (flavor, flow) but also the large momentum of the transversely moving string segment connecting quark and antiquark (or diquark). They therefore show up at quite large values of p(t), not polluted by soft particle production. We will show that this mechanism leads to a pronounced peak in the Lambda-to-kaon ratio at intermediate p(t). The effect increases substantially with centrality, which reflects the increasing transverse size with centrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Werner
- SUBATECH, University of Nantes, IN2P3/CNRS, EMN, Nantes, France
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Werner K, Elmståhl S, Christensson A, Pihlsgård M. Cystatin C and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in smoking and non-smoking healthy elderly. Eur Geriatr Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2012.07.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tauc HM, Mann T, Werner K, Pandur P. A role for Drosophila Wnt-4 in heart development. Genesis 2012; 50:466-81. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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de Vries KD, van den Berg AM, Scholten O, Werner K. Coherent Cherenkov radiation from cosmic-ray-induced air showers. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:061101. [PMID: 21902308 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.061101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Very energetic cosmic rays entering the atmosphere of Earth will create a plasma cloud moving with almost the speed of light. The magnetic field of Earth induces an electric current in this cloud which is responsible for the emission of coherent electromagnetic radiation. We propose to search for a new effect: Because of the index of refraction of air, this radiation is collimated in a Cherenkov cone. To express the difference from usual Cherenkov radiation, i.e., the emission from a fast-moving electric charge, we call this magnetically induced Cherenkov radiation. We indicate its signature and possible experimental verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D de Vries
- Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
One of the most important experimental results for proton-proton scattering at the LHC is the observation of a so-called "ridge" structure in the two-particle correlation function versus the pseudorapidity difference Δη and the azimuthal angle difference Δφ. One finds a strong correlation around Δφ=0, extended over many units in Δη. We show that a hydrodynamical expansion based on flux tube initial conditions leads in a natural way to the observed structure. To get this result, we have to perform an event-by-event calculation, because the effect is due to statistical fluctuations of the initial conditions, together with a subsequent collective expansion. This is a strong point in favor of a fluidlike behavior even in pp scattering, where we have to deal with length scales of the order of 0.1 fm.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Werner
- SUBATECH, University of Nantes-IN2P3/CNRS-EMN, Nantes, France
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Werner K, Bader W. Über die röntgenologische Erfassung kleiner Knochendefekte durch direkte Röntgenvergrößerung und Vergrößerungstomographie mit Feinstfokusröhren*. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1212247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Whereas air shower simulations are very valuable tools for interpreting cosmic ray data, there is a long-standing problem: it is difficult to accommodate at the same time the longitudinal development of air showers and the number of muons measured on the ground. Using a new hadronic interaction model (EPOS) in air shower simulations produces much more muons, in agreement with results from the HiRes-MIA experiment. We find that this is mainly due to a better description of (anti) baryon production in hadronic interactions. This is an aspect of air shower physics which has been neglected so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pierog
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Kettler A, Werner K, Wilke HJ. Morphological changes of cervical facet joints in elderly individuals. Eur Spine J 2007; 16:987-92. [PMID: 17426992 PMCID: PMC2219648 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-006-0275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2006] [Revised: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the role of facet joint degeneration in chronic neck and back pain epidemiological and morphological data are needed. For the cervical spine, however, such data are rare. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the degree of cartilage degeneration of cervical facet joints with respect to spinal level and age, to investigate whether any region of the joint surface is more often affected by degeneration and to determine the localisation of osteophytes. A total of 128 left-sided facet surfaces from 15 fresh frozen cervical spine specimens (59-92 years) including in maximum C2-C7 were inspected in a way to ensure a direct comparability to data reported for the lumbar spine. First, the macroscopic degree of cartilage degeneration was determined and correlated to spinal level and age. Then, each facet surface was divided into five regions (anterior, posterior, lateral, medial and central) to check whether cartilage degeneration occurs more often in any of these regions. Finally, the localisation of osteophytes was determined. The results showed that the mean degree of cartilage degeneration was 2.8 (+/-0.6) on a scale from Grade 1 (no degeneration) to 4 (severe degeneration). None of all 128 facet surfaces was classified as Grade 1. All spinal levels had about the same degree of degeneration (in mean 2.5-3.0). The youngest age group (<70 years) had a somewhat lower degree of degeneration (2.6) than the oldest (> or = 90 years) (3.1). Cartilage defects were found all over the joint surfaces, none of the five regions was more often affected than the others. Least osteophytes were found on the medial border of the facet joints. In conclusion, the prevalence of cervical facet joint degeneration is probably very high in individuals aged 50 years and more, with a tendency to increase in severity with age. All levels of the middle and lower cervical spine were affected to almost the same degree, whereas in the lumbar spine an increase in degeneration towards the lower levels was reported. Also, in the cervical spine in most cases the cartilage was evenly degenerated all over the joint surface while in the lumbar spine certain regions were reported to be affected predominantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kettler
- Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - K. Werner
- Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - H.-J. Wilke
- Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Niemeyer TK, Koriller M, Claes L, Kettler A, Werner K, Wilke HJ. In vitro study of biomechanical behavior of anterior and transforaminal lumbar interbody instrumentation techniques. Neurosurgery 2007; 59:1271-6; discussion 1276-7. [PMID: 17277690 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000245609.01732.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the biomechanical behavior of lumbar interbody instrumentation techniques using titanium cages as either transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) or anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), with and without posterior pedicle fixation. METHODS Six fresh-frozen lumbar spines (L1-L5) were loaded with pure moments of +/-7.5 Nm in unconstrained flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. Specimen were tested intact, after implantation of an ALIF or TLIF cage "stand-alone" in L2-L3 or L3-L4, and after additional posterior pedicle screw fixation. RESULTS In all loading directions, the range of motion (ROM) of the segments instrumented with cage and pedicle screw fixation was below the ROM of the intact lumbar specimen for both instrumentation techniques. A significant difference was found between the TLIF cage and the ALIF cage with posterior pedicle screw fixation for the ROM in flexion-extension and axial rotation (P < 0.05). Without pedicle screw fixation, the TLIF cage showed a significantly increased ROM and neutral zone compared with an ALIF cage "stand-alone" in two of the three loading directions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION With pedicle screw fixation, the ALIF cage provides a higher segmental stability than the TLIF cage in flexion-extension and axial rotation, but the absolute biomechanical differences are minor. The different cage design and approach show only minor differences of segmental stability when combined with posterior pedicle screw fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Niemeyer
- Spine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Kettler A, Niemeyer T, Issler L, Merk U, Mahalingam M, Werner K, Claes L, Wilke HJ. In vitro fixator rod loading after transforaminal compared to anterior lumbar interbody fusion. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2006; 21:435-42. [PMID: 16442678 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2005] [Revised: 11/18/2005] [Accepted: 12/08/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cages are commonly used to assist lumbar interbody fusion. They are implanted from various approaches. In many cases internal fixators are added to provide sufficient stability. However, how the rods of these fixators are loaded and whether the kind of approach affects these loads is still unknown. The aim of this in vitro study therefore was to determine the loads acting on fixator rods and cages after anterior compared to transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. METHODS Six intact human lumbar spine specimens (L1-5) were loaded in a spine tester with pure moments (+/-7.5 N m) in the frontal, sagittal and transverse plane. Loading was repeated, first, after the segments L2-3 and L4-5 were instrumented either with an anterior or a transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion cage "stand alone" and, second, after additional stabilisation with an internal fixator. The rods of the fixator and the four "corners" of the cages were instrumented with strain gauges. FINDINGS The loads transmitted through the rods were highest in lateral bending. In this loading direction an axial distraction force of in median up to 140 N, an axial compression force of up to 100 N, and a resultant bending moment of up to 1.1 N m were measured in each rod. These loads tended to be lower for the anterior compared to the transforaminal approach. For comparison, the load applied was +/-7.5 N m. The axial strains recorded in the four "corners" of the cages considerably varied from one specimen to the other. Differences in cage strain between the two approaches could not be detected. INTERPRETATION The loads acting on the rods of the fixator were small compared to the load that was applied. Thus, other structures such as the cages or the facet joints still play an important role in load transfer. The type of approach (anterior or transforaminal) had only little effect on the loading of the rods. This also applies to the local loading of the cages, which probably more depends on the fit between cage and endplates and on the local stiffness properties of the adjacent vertebral bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kettler
- Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrabe 14, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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Siepmann M, Werner K, Schindler C, Oertel R, Kirch W. The effects of bupropion on cognitive functions in healthy subjects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2005; 182:597-8. [PMID: 16079991 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-005-0128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2005] [Accepted: 07/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
The authors describe a patient with focal brain atrophy and emotional lability characterized by episodes of excessive crying and laughing. The patient was selectively impaired in the production of voluntary complex facial movements and was unable to regulate her emotional behavior and autonomic reactivity. She also displayed increased behavioral and autonomic changes when explicitly trying to suppress her responses to emotional stimuli (compared with when not trying to regulate her responses). This pattern of deficits supports a selective deficit in voluntary emotional control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Woolley
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-1207, USA
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Le Gouis J, Devaux P, Werner K, Hariri D, Bahrman N, Béghin D, Ordon F. rym15 from the Japanese cultivar Chikurin Ibaraki 1 is a new barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) resistance gene mapped on chromosome 6H. Theor Appl Genet 2004; 108:1521-1525. [PMID: 14747919 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-003-1571-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2003] [Accepted: 11/24/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Breeding for resistant cultivars is the only way to prevent high yield loss in barley caused by the soil-borne barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) complex. We have characterized the BaMMV resistance of barley cv. Chikurin Ibaraki 1. Doubled haploid lines were obtained from the F(1) between the susceptible six-rowed winter barley cultivar, Plaisant, and Chikurin Ibaraki 1. Each line was tested for reaction to BaMMV by mechanical inoculation followed by DAS-ELISA. Of 44 microsatellites that covered the genome, 22 polymorphic markers were tested on one susceptible and one resistant bulk, each comprising 30 lines. Differential markers and additional microsatellite markers in the same region were then tested on the whole population. A bootstrap analysis was used to compute confidence intervals of distances and to test the orders of the resistance gene and the closest markers. A segregation of 84 resistant/98 susceptible lines fitted a 1:1 ratio (chi(2)=1.08, P=0.30), which corresponds to a single gene in this DH lines population. The resistance gene was flanked by two markers near the centromeric region of chromosome 6HS-Bmag0173, at 0.6+/-1.2 cM, and EBmac0874, at 5.8 +/- 3.4 cM. We propose to name this new resistance gene rym15. This resistance gene and associated markers will increase the possibilities to breed efficiently for new cultivars resistant to the barley mosaic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Le Gouis
- INRA URGAP, Domaine de Brunehaut, 80200 Estrées-Mons, France.
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Bleicher M, Liu FM, Aichelin J, Drescher HJ, Ostapchenko S, Pierog T, Werner K. Novel mechanism of H0 dibaryon production in proton-proton interactions from parton-based Gribov-Regge theory. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:072301. [PMID: 14995841 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.072301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2002] [Revised: 06/24/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel mechanism of H0 and strangelet production in hadronic interactions within the Gribov-Regge approach is presented. In this approach the H0 is produced by the same mechanism as usual hadrons, namely, by disintegration of the remnant formed by the exchange of pomerons between the two protons. Rapidity and transverse momentum spectra of the observed hadrons are well described in this approach. In contrast to traditional distillation approaches, here the production of multiple (strange) quark bags does not require large baryon densities or a quark gluon plasma. We calculate the rapidity and transverse momentum distributions as well as the 4pi multiplicity of the H0 for sqrt[s]=17 GeV (Super Proton Synchrotron) and 200 GeV (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider). In both cases the H0, if it exists, should be observable by the present experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bleicher
- SUBATECH, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et des Technologies Associées, University of Nantes-IN2P3/CNRS-Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, F-44072 Nantes Cedex 03, France
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Werner K, Friedt W, Laubach E, Waugh R, Ordon F. Dissection of resistance to soil-borne yellow-mosaic-inducing viruses of barley (BaMMV, BaYMV, BaYMV-2) in a complex breeders' cross by means of SSRs and simultaneous mapping of BaYMV/BaYMV-2 resistance of var. 'Chikurin Ibaraki 1'. Theor Appl Genet 2003; 106:1425-1432. [PMID: 12750785 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-002-1188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2002] [Accepted: 09/10/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ninety-three F(1)-derived doubled haploid (DH) lines from a complex breeders' cross involving the Japanese genotype 'Chikurin Ibaraki 1', which is resistant to barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) and two strains of barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV and BaYMV-2), three susceptible varieties ('Hamu', 'Julia' and a breeding line) and cv. 'Carola', which carries rym4 conferring resistance to BaMMV and BaYMV, were analysed for resistance to BaMMV, BaYMV and BaYMV-2. The DH lines fell into four phenotypic classes. In addition to completely resistant and susceptible genotypes, DHs were observed which were either resistant to BaMMV and BaYMV or to BaYMV and BaYMV-2. For BaMMV and BaYMV-2 resistance, segregation ratios approaching 1r:1s were observed, suggesting the presence of single resistance genes. In contrast, the segregation ratio for BaYMV fits a 3r:1s segregation ratio, suggesting the presence of two independently inherited genes. From the genetic analysis, we conclude that a resistance locus effective against BaYMV and BaYMV-2 originates from Chikurin Ibaraki 1 and segregates independently from the Carola-derived rym4 resistance that is effective against BaYMV and BaMMV. The BaMMV resistance in Chikurin Ibaraki 1 has probably been lost during population development. This hypothesis was tested using a simple-sequence repeat (SSR) marker (Bmac29) linked to rym4. All BaMMV-resistant DH lines supported amplification of the rym4-resistance diagnostic allele. To identify the genetic location of the Chikurin Ibaraki 1-derived resistance against BaYMV/BaYMV-2, bulked DNA samples were constructed from the four resistance classes, and bulked segregant analysis was performed using a genome-wide collection of SSRs. Differentiating alleles were observed at two linked SSRs on chromosome 5H. The location of this BaYMV/BaYMV-2 resistance locus was confirmed and further resolved by linkage analysis on the whole population using a total of five linked SSRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Werner
- Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding I, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Liu FM, Aichelin J, Bleicher M, Drescher HJ, Ostapchenko S, Pierog T, Werner K. Constraints on models for proton-proton scattering from multistrange baryon data. Int J Clin Exp Med 2003. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.67.034011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Werner K, Schaefer WR, Schweer H, Deppert WR, Karck U, Zahradnik HP. Characterization and identification of cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid released by human peritoneal macrophages obtained from the pouch of Douglas. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2002; 67:397-404. [PMID: 12468260 DOI: 10.1054/plef.2002.0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) was investigated in human peritoneal macrophages which play a central role in chronic pelvic diseases in women (for example in endometriosis). The formation of eicosanoids other than prostaglandins (PGs) by these cells is still unknown. In non-activated macrophages obtained from women in the reproductive age, the main [(3)H]-AA metabolites coeluted with epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) in reverse-phase HPLC. After zymosan activation a shift to PGs pathway was observed. Treatment with low doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin increased the formation of a metabolite coeluting with 5,6-DHET. By gas chromatography/mass spectrometry 5,6-DHET (after beta-naphthoflavone induction), and 14,15-DHET as well as 11,12-DHET (after AA stimulation) were identified as major epoxygenase metabolites, respectively. The enantioselective formation of 12(S)-HETE was demonstrated by chiral-phase HPLC. Our findings demonstrate that non-activated peritoneal macrophages produce substantial amounts of bioactive cytochrome P450 metabolites of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Werner
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Bleicher M, Liu FM, Keränen A, Aichelin J, Bass SA, Becattini F, Redlich K, Werner K. Overpopulation of Omega; in pp collisions: a way to distinguish statistical hadronization from string dynamics. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:202501. [PMID: 12005560 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.202501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Omega/Omega ratio originating from string decays is predicted to be larger than unity in proton-proton interactions at SPS energies ( E(lab) = 160 GeV). The antiomega dominance increases with decreasing beam energy. This surprising behavior is caused by the combinatorics of quark-antiquark production in small and low-mass strings. Since this behavior is not found in a statistical description of hadron production in proton-proton collisions, it may serve as a key observable to probe the hadronization mechanism in such collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bleicher
- SUBATECH, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et des Technologies Associées, University of Nantes-IN2P3/CNRS-Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, F-44072 Nantes Cedex 03, France
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Abstract
Larval cichlid fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) siblings were subjected to 3 g hypergravity (hg) and total darkness for 21 days during development and subsequently processed for conventional histology. Further siblings reared at 1 g and alternating light/dark (12h:12h) conditions served as controls. Cell number counts of the visual Nucleus isthmi (Ni) versus the vestibular Nucleus magnocellularis (Nm) revealed that in experimental animals total cell number was decreased in the Ni, possibly due to retarded growth as a result of the lack of visual input whereas no effect was observed in the Nm. Calculating the percentual asymmetry in cell number (i.e., right vs. the left side of the brain), no effects of hg/darkness were seen in the Ni, whereas asymmetry was slightly increased in the Nm. Since the asymmetry of inner ear otoliths is decreased under hg, this finding may indicate efferent vestibular action of the CNS on the level of the Nm by means of a feedback mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Anken
- Zoological Institute, University of Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Werner K. [Not Available]. Wiss Beitr Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg 2001; 5-R80:273-7. [PMID: 11628969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Hladik M, Drescher HJ, Ostapchenko S, Pierog T, Werner K. Self-consistency requirement in high-energy nuclear scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:3506-3509. [PMID: 11328009 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.3506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Practically all serious calculations of exclusive particle production in ultrarelativistic nuclear or hadronic interactions are performed in the framework of Gribov-Regge theory or the eikonalized parton model scheme. It is the purpose of this paper to point out serious inconsistencies in the above-mentioned approaches. We demonstrate that requiring theoretical self-consistency reduces the freedom in modeling high-energy nuclear scattering enormously, and we introduce a fully self-consistent formulation of the multiple-scattering scheme in the framework of a Gribov-Regge--type effective theory. In addition, we develop new computational techniques which allow for the first time a satisfactory solution of the problem in the sense that calculations of observable quantities can be done strictly within a self-consistent formalism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hladik
- SUBATECH, Université de Nantes--IN2P3/CNRS--EMN, Nantes, France
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Werner K. [Significance of bone alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2000; 125:1248. [PMID: 11076266 DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-7729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Werner
- Orthopädischen Universitätsklinik, Rostock
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Cassidy L, Taylor D, Werner K, Veys P, Harris C. Reverse and converse ocular bobbing with synkinetic blinking and opsoclonus in a child with Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis after bone marrow transplant for MPS I. Br J Ophthalmol 2000; 84:1207-8. [PMID: 11202919 PMCID: PMC1723253 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.84.10.1203f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gebert A, al-Samir K, Werner K, Fassbender S, Gebhard A. The apical membrane of intestinal brush cells possesses a specialised, but species-specific, composition of glycoconjugates--on-section and in vivo lectin labelling in rats, guinea-pigs and mice. Histochem Cell Biol 2000; 113:389-99. [PMID: 10883398 DOI: 10.1007/s004180000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Brush cells are specialised epithelial cells that are assumed to represent chemoreceptors of the digestive tract. They comprise a small population of the epithelial cells lining the intestine, possess a unique ultrastructure and, in many aspects, resemble the receptor cells of taste buds. To characterise glycoconjugates possibly involved in a sensory function, we investigated brush cells in the small intestine of three species using lectin histochemistry in confocal light and thin-section electron microscopy. Brush cells of rats were selectively labelled by the sialic acid-specific lectin Maackia amurensis agglutinin, those of guinea-pigs by the D-galactose-specific lectin Bandeiraea simplicifolia agglutinin, isolectin B4 and those of mice by the L-fucose-specific lectin Ulex europaeus agglutinin lectin I. Lectin binding sites were consistently located in the glycocalyx of the apical membrane and in that of cytoplasmic vesicles. In vivo lectin labelling revealed that the glycoconjugates of the apical membrane are accessible under physiological conditions, that brush cells do not endocytose and that they probably possess a high membrane turnover rate. The results show that specialisations exist in the composition of glycoconjugates forming the glycocalyx of brush cells in all species investigated. The presence of brush cell-specific glycoconjugates would be in accordance with the current hypothesis of a receptive function of brush cells. Differences in the specific glycosylation patterns among rats, guinea-pigs and mice indicate that species-specific adaptations exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gebert
- Abteilung Anatomie 2, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany.
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Groll AH, Mickiene D, Werner K, Petraitiene R, Petraitis V, Calendario M, Field-Ridley A, Crisp J, Piscitelli SC, Walsh TJ. Compartmental pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of multilamellar liposomal nystatin in rabbits. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:950-7. [PMID: 10722496 PMCID: PMC89797 DOI: 10.1128/aac.44.4.950-957.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma pharmacokinetics of multilamellar liposomal nystatin were studied in normal, catheterized rabbits after single and multiple daily intravenous administration of dosages of 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg of body weight, and drug levels in tissues were assessed after multiple dosing. Concentrations of liposomal nystatin were measured as those of nystatin by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method, and plasma concentration data were fitted into a two-compartment open model. Across the investigated dosage range, liposomal nystatin demonstrated nonlinear kinetics with more than proportional increases in the AUC(0-24) and decreasing clearance, consistent with dose-dependent tissue distribution and/or a dose-dependent elimination process. After single-dose administration, the mean C(max) increased from 13.07 microg/ml at 2 mg/kg to 41.91 microg/ml at 6 mg/kg (P < 0.001); the AUC(0-24) changed from 11.65 to 67.44 microg. h/ml (P < 0.001), the V(d) changed from 0.205 to 0. 184 liters/kg (not significant), the CL(t) from 0.173 to 0.101 liters/kg. h (P < 0.05), and terminal half-life from 0.96 to 1.51 h (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in pharmacokinetic parameters after multiple dosing over 14 days. Assessment of tissue concentrations of nystatin near peak plasma levels after multiple dosing over 15 days revealed preferential distribution to the lungs, liver, and spleen at that time point. Substantial levels were also found in the urine, raising the possibility that renal excretion may play a significant role in drug elimination. Liposomal nystatin administered to rabbits was well tolerated and displayed nonlinear pharmacokinetics, potentially therapeutic peak plasma concentrations, and substantial penetration into tissues. Pharmacokinetic parameters were very similar to those observed in patients, thus validating results derived from infection models in the rabbit and allowing inferences to be made about the treatment of invasive fungal infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Groll
- Immunocompromised Host Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Abstract
Size and asymmetry (size difference between the left and the right side) as well as calcium (Ca) content of inner ear otoliths of larval cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus were determined after a long-term stay at hypergravity conditions (3g; centrifuge). Both utricular and saccular otoliths (lapilli and sagittae, respectively) were significantly smaller after hyper-g exposure as compared to parallely raised 1g-control specimens and the absolute amount of otolith-Ca was diminished. The asymmetry of sagittae was significantly increased in the experimental animals, whereas the respective asymmetry concerning lapilli was markedly decreased. In the course of another experiment larvae were raised in aquarium hatch baskets, from which one was placed directly above aeration equipment which resulted in random water circulation shifting the fish around ("shifted" specimens). The lapillar asymmetry of the "stationary" specimens showed a highly significant increase during early development when larvae were forced to lay on their sides due to their prominent yolk-sacs. In later developmental stages, when they began to swim freely, a dramatic decrease in lapillar asymmetry was apparent. Taken together with own previous findings according to which otolith growth stops after vestibular nerve transaction, the results presented here suggest that the growth and the development of bilateral asymmetry of otoliths is guided by the environmental gravity vector, obviously involving a feedback loop between the brain and the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Anken
- Zoological Institute, University of Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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