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Lin LH, Howitt BE, Kolin DL. From morphology to methylome: epigenetic studies of Müllerian mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma reveal similarities to cervical mesonephric adenocarcinoma †. J Pathol 2024. [PMID: 38593211 DOI: 10.1002/path.6285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Mesonephric adenocarcinomas (MAs) and mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas (MLAs) are rare, aggressive neoplasms that arise in the gynecologic tract and show overlapping morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features. While MAs occur in the cervix and are thought to arise from mesonephric remnants, MLAs occur in the endometrium and ovary and are believed to originate from transdifferentiation of Müllerian lesions. Both MAs and MLAs show a variety of architectural patterns, exhibit frequent expression of GATA3 by immunohistochemistry, and harbor KRAS mutations. In a recent article published in The Journal of Pathology, Kommoss and colleagues used DNA methylation profiling to extend these similarities and showed that MLAs and MAs cluster together based on their epigenetic signatures and are epigenetically distinct from other Müllerian adenocarcinomas. They also showed that MLAs and MAs harbor a high number of global copy number alterations. This study provides evidence that MLAs more closely resemble MAs than Müllerian carcinomas on an epigenetic level. As a result, the authors argue that MLA should be renamed 'mesonephric-type adenocarcinoma.' Further research is needed to establish the relationship between these two entities, their etiology, and pathogenesis. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence H Lin
- Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brooke E Howitt
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David L Kolin
- Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Lin LH, Tran I, Yang Y, Cotzia P, Roses D, Schnabel F, Darvishian F, Snuderl M. Abstract P2-23-07: DNA Methylation Analysis of Triple Negative Breast Cancers. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p2-23-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are characterized by the absence of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and HER2 receptors on immunohistochemical analysis (IHC). This subtype of breast cancer has been traditionally associated with unfavorable prognosis. TNBC includes morphologically diverse mammary carcinomas including apocrine, metaplastic, medullary and other less common variants with heterogeneous clinical behavior and outcome. Despite previous efforts to further characterize TNBC with genomic and transcriptomic techniques, there is no specific targeted therapy for TNBC. Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the mainstay of systemic treatment for these patients. DNA methylation has proved to be a promising tool in classifying a variety of cancers. In this study, we aim to analyze TNBC using comprehensive DNA methylation profiling. Method: DNA methylation profiling was performed in TNBC cases from a single academic institution using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC Kit. The tumors were obtained from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from surgical specimens. Unsupervised clustering analysis based on the methylation profile was performed. Clinical, pathological, and genetic features were analyzed between the clusters. Results: We analyzed 44 cases (all female; median age 61 years) with treatment naïve TNBC diagnosed from March 2011 to April 2018. Median follow-up time was 58 months. Thirty-four (77%) patients were identified as white with the remaining 10 (23%) as non-white. Thirty-four tumors (77%) were classified as invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type, six (14%) as apocrine carcinoma, and four (9%) as metaplastic carcinoma. Six tumors (14%) were grade 2 and 38 (86%) were grade 3. Lymphovascular invasion was noted in 7 patients (16%). Tumor size ranged from 4 to 45 mm (median: 20 mm). Lymph node involvement was identified in 8 (18%) patients. Eleven (25%) patients harbored germline BRCA1/2 mutations. During the follow up period, 7 patients developed recurrent disease: 3 had local recurrences, 4 patients were found to have metastatic disease, and 1 patient had both local and distant recurrence. At last follow-up, 34 patients (77%) showed no evidence of disease, while 4 (9%) were alive with disease and 5 (11%) had died of disease. In this cohort, we identified three distinct DNA methylation clusters. In Cluster 1 (n=9), the patients were significantly older (mean age: 72 years; p=0.008) and tumors were more likely to be of apocrine morphology (56%, p= 0.001), of lower grade (55% were grade 3; p=0.009), and showed lower proliferation index (mean ki-67: 32%; p= 0.002). Cluster 3 (n=28) included younger patients (mean: 55 years) and tumors with higher grade (92% were grade 3) and proliferation index (mean ki-67: 75%). Cluster 2 (n=7) represented cases with intermediate features between Clusters 1 and 3. All patients in Cluster 1 were white, while Clusters 2 and 3 included non-white women. Cluster 1 included a significantly higher percentage of HER2-low tumors (HER2 1+ or 2+ by IHC and negative fluorescence in situ hybridization) (p=0.03; cluster 1: 89%, cluster 2: 28%, cluster 3: 46%). The vast majority of patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutation were found in Cluster 3 (67% of patients with genetic testing in Cluster 3 had germline BRCA1/2 mutation). There was no difference between the clusters in relation to stage, recurrence, and outcome. Conclusion: DNA methylation profiling is a promising tool to classify TNBC patients into clinicopathologically relevant groups, and we are continuing to expand this cohort. Classification by DNA methylation profile may result in better risk stratification for TNBC patients, which can inform their system therapy. In addition, specific methylation profiles have the potential to lead to the development of specific targeted therapies to improve the prognosis and survival for these patients.
Citation Format: Lawrence H. Lin, Ivy Tran, Yiying Yang, Paolo Cotzia, Daniel Roses, Freya Schnabel, Farbod Darvishian, Matija Snuderl. DNA Methylation Analysis of Triple Negative Breast Cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-23-07.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivy Tran
- 2NYU Grossman School of Medicine
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Lin LH, Koloori MN, Brandler TC, Simsir A. Role of High-Risk HPV Testing in Papanicolaou Tests With Atypical Glandular Cells With and Without Concurrent Squamous Cell Abnormalities. Am J Clin Pathol 2022; 158:626-631. [PMID: 36125093 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Data on Papanicolaou (Pap) tests with atypical glandular cells (AGCs) with concurrent squamous cell abnormalities (AGC + Sq) are limited. We evaluated histologic outcomes and the role of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) testing in this setting compared with AGCs without concurrent squamous cell abnormalities (AGC-alone). METHODS This study used a retrospective cohort of patients with Pap test diagnoses of AGC + Sq and AGC-alone between October 2013 and August 2021. RESULTS We included 287 Pap tests from 278 patients. The HR-HPV test was positive in 55% of AGC + Sq cases and 14% of AGC-alone cases (P < .0001). Most AGC + Sq cases displayed squamous lesions (41.5%) or were benign (41.5%) on histology, whereas AGC-alone cases were predominantly benign (72%) or extracervical neoplasms (18%). AGC + Sq cases showed higher rates of significant histologic lesions (P = .0001), which were associated with positive HR-HPV status (P = .0012). In AGC-alone cases, HR-HPV status was associated with significant histology only in patients 50 years of age or younger. In both groups, 20% or more of HR-HPV-negative patients harbored significant lesions. CONCLUSIONS AGC + Sq represents a distinct group of patients. HR-HPV testing and patient age provide useful information in the evaluation of AGC, but triage based on HR-HPV testing is not recommended because of the potential for missing significant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence H Lin
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maryam N Koloori
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tamar C Brandler
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aylin Simsir
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Chen YJ, Liu W, Xi HB, Yu Y, Hu JP, Deng J, Lin LH, Li C, Wang GX, Fu B, Zhou XC. [The assistant effects of porcine fibrin sealant in improving stone clearance rate in flexible ureteroscopy lithotripsy in ex vivo porcine kidney model]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 102:1660-1665. [PMID: 35692018 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20211027-02380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the feasibility of using a porcine fibrin sealant to wrap and remove kidney calculi fragments through an isolated porcine kidney model. Methods: In the isolated porcine kidney stone model (implanted with 100 mg, air dried, ≤1 mm human stone fragments, n=6;implanted with 100 mg, air dried, ≤3 mm human stone fragments, n=6), the ureteral soft mirror combined with the 12/14Fr UAS was used to test the effect of stone extraction using only two stone extraction methods: basket extraction (control group, ≤1 mm stone fragments, n=3; ≤3 mm stone fragments, n=3) and basket-sealant extraction (test group, ≤1 mm stone fragments, n=3; ≤3 mm stone fragments, n=3). Compare the stone removal rate and operation time of the two stone retrieval methods. The sealant was put into urine of normal human and observed. Results: Porcine Fibrin Sealant can form a gel in saline and urine and adhere and wrap stone fragments. The time of procedures of test (basket-sealant) and control (basket) group in kidneys implanted with ≤ 1 mm stone fragments were (14.0±4.2) and (29.0±0.7)min (P<0.05) stone clearance rates were (90.9±1.4)% and (48.4±15.7)% (P<0.05), respectively. In kidneys implanted with ≤ 3 mm fragments, time of procedures were (12.8±4.0) and (30.0±0)min (P<0.05) Stone clearance rates were (91.1±5.0)% and (20.7±8.0)% (P<0.05). The Sealant dissolves by itself in normal human urine and normal saline at 37 ℃ for 24 hours. Conclusion: The appropriate concentration of Porcine Fibrin Sealant assisted stone retrieval may become a new method for removing small stone fragments in retrograde intrarenal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Chen
- Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - W Liu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - H B Xi
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Y Yu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - J P Hu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - J Deng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - L H Lin
- Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - C Li
- Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - G X Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - B Fu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - X C Zhou
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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Li ZH, Liu NG, Dong HW, Li LJ, He HH, Lin LH, Liu Q, Yang MZ. [Deep Learning-Based Cardiac Imaging Data Measurement and Its Application in Diagnosis of Sudden Cardiac Death]. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 37:546-554. [PMID: 34726010 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.410503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract In the field of forensic medicine, diagnosis of sudden cardiac death is limited by subjective factors and manual measurement methods, so some parameters may have estimation deviation or measurement deviation. As postmortem CT imaging plays a more and more important role in the appraisal of cause of death and cardiopathology research, the application of deep learning such as artificial intelligence technology to analyze vast amounts of cardiac imaging data has provided a possibility for forensic identification and scientific research workers to conduct precise diagnosis and quantitative analysis of cardiac diseases. This article summarizes the main researches on deep learning in the field of cardiac imaging in recent years, and proposes a feasible development direction for the application of deep learning in the virtual anatomy of sudden cardiac death at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - N G Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - H W Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - L J Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - H H He
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - L H Lin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Q Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - M Z Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
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Narciso TARM, Hoshida MS, Costa PR, Niquirilo A, Biancolin SE, Lin LH, Francisco RPV, Brizot ML. Fetal-Maternal Hemorrhage in First-Trimester Intrauterine Hematoma. Fetal Diagn Ther 2021; 48:227-234. [PMID: 33706316 DOI: 10.1159/000513747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the frequency and percentage of fetal hemoglobin (HbF%) by flow cytometry of (1) first-trimester asymptomatic patients with intrauterine hematoma (IUH), (2) first-trimester pregnant patients with vaginal bleeding (VB), and (3) first-trimester asymptomatic pregnant women without hematoma. METHODS Prospective study involving pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Patients with ultrasound findings of asymptomatic hematoma and with VB were paired with asymptomatic pregnant women of same gestational age without hematoma (control group [CG]). Maternal blood HbF% was evaluated by flow cytometry. The groups were compared in terms of circulating fetal hemoglobin and HbF%. RESULTS Sixty-six patients were selected, 22 with hematoma, 17 with bleeding, and 27 in the CG. Fetal hemoglobin was detected in 15 patients with hematoma (68.2%) and 13 with bleeding (76.5%) and in 20 of the control (74.1%) (p = 0.830). The mean HbF% of each group was 0.054, 0.012, and 0.042 for hematoma, bleeding, and control, respectively, and differences were not significant (p = 0.141). There was a moderate negative correlation between the volume of hematoma and HbF% (rSpearman = -0.527; p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS The fetal-maternal hemorrhage expressed by Hbf% in first-trimester pregnancies did not seem to differ between patients with and without ultrasound findings of IUH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaisa A R M Narciso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP/Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara S Hoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP/Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscilla R Costa
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy/Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Niquirilo
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy/Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sckarlet E Biancolin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP/Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lawrence H Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP/Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rossana P V Francisco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP/Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria L Brizot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP/Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil,
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Black MA, Shen G, Feng X, Garcia Beltran WF, Feng Y, Vasudevaraja V, Allison D, Lin LH, Gindin T, Astudillo M, Yang D, Murali M, Iafrate AJ, Jour G, Cotzia P, Snuderl M. Analytical performance of lateral flow immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 exposure screening on venous and capillary blood samples. J Immunol Methods 2021; 489:112909. [PMID: 33166549 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.13.20098426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We validate the use of a lateral flow immunoassay (LFI) intended for rapid screening and qualitative detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG in serum, plasma, and whole blood, and compare results with ELISA. We also seek to establish the value of LFI testing on blood obtained from a capillary blood sample. METHODS Samples collected by venous blood draw and finger stick were obtained from patients with SARS-CoV-2 detected by RT-qPCR and control patients. Samples were tested with Biolidics 2019-nCoV IgG/IgM Detection Kit lateral flow immunoassay, and antibody calls were compared with ELISA. RESULTS Biolidics LFI showed clinical sensitivity of 92% with venous blood at 7 days after PCR diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Test specificity was 92% for IgM and 100% for IgG. There was no significant difference in detecting IgM and IgG with Biolidics LFI and ELISA at D0 and D7 (p = 1.00), except for detection of IgM at D7 (p = 0.04). Capillary blood of SARS-CoV-2 patients showed 93% sensitivity for antibody detection. CONCLUSIONS Clinical performance of Biolidics 2019-nCoV IgG/IgM Detection Kit is comparable to ELISA and was consistent across sample types. This provides an opportunity for decentralized rapid testing and may allow point-of-care and longitudinal self-testing for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Black
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Guomiao Shen
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Wilfredo F Garcia Beltran
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Yang Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, NYU School of Global Public Health, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Varshini Vasudevaraja
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Douglas Allison
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Lawrence H Lin
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Tatyana Gindin
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Michael Astudillo
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Diane Yang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Mandakolathur Murali
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - A John Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - George Jour
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, United States of America.
| | - Paolo Cotzia
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, United States of America.
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, United States of America.
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Gockley AA, Lin LH, Davis M, Melamed A, Rizzo A, Sun SY, Elias K, Goldstein DP, Berkowitz RS, Horowitz NS. Impact of clinical characteristics on human chorionic gonadotropin regression after molar pregnancy. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021; 76:e2830. [PMID: 34468539 PMCID: PMC8366901 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the effects of age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and contraception on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) regression following the evacuation of a molar pregnancy. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of 277 patients with molar pregnancies between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 2015. The rate of hCG regression was estimated using mixed-effects linear regression models on daily log-transformed serum hCG levels after evacuation. RESULTS There were no differences in hCG half-lives among age (p=0.13) or race/ethnicity (p=0.16) groups. Women with obesity and hormonal contraceptive use demonstrated faster hCG regression than their counterparts (3.2 versus. 3.7 days, p=0.02 and 3.4 versus. 4.0 days, p=0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION Age and race/ethnicity were not associated with hCG regression rates. Hormonal contraceptive use and obesity were associated with shorter hCG half-lives, but with unlikely clinical significance. It is important to understand whether the clinical characteristics of patients may influence the hCG regression curve, as it has been proposed as a way to predict the risk of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison A. Gockley
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Lawrence H. Lin
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, USA
- Centro de Doencas Trofoblasticas, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Michelle Davis
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Melamed
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anthony Rizzo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sue Yazaki Sun
- Centro de Doencas Trofoblasticas, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Kevin Elias
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, Susan F. Smith Center for Women’s Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, USA
- Trophoblastic Tumor Registry, New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Boston, USA
| | - Donald P. Goldstein
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, Susan F. Smith Center for Women’s Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, USA
- Trophoblastic Tumor Registry, New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Boston, USA
| | - Ross S. Berkowitz
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, Susan F. Smith Center for Women’s Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, USA
- Trophoblastic Tumor Registry, New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Boston, USA
| | - Neil S. Horowitz
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, Susan F. Smith Center for Women’s Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, USA
- Trophoblastic Tumor Registry, New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Boston, USA
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Black MA, Shen G, Feng X, Garcia Beltran WF, Feng Y, Vasudevaraja V, Allison D, Lin LH, Gindin T, Astudillo M, Yang D, Murali M, Iafrate AJ, Jour G, Cotzia P, Snuderl M. Analytical performance of lateral flow immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 exposure screening on venous and capillary blood samples. J Immunol Methods 2020; 489:112909. [PMID: 33166549 PMCID: PMC7647890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objectives We validate the use of a lateral flow immunoassay (LFI) intended for rapid screening and qualitative detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG in serum, plasma, and whole blood, and compare results with ELISA. We also seek to establish the value of LFI testing on blood obtained from a capillary blood sample. Methods Samples collected by venous blood draw and finger stick were obtained from patients with SARS-CoV-2 detected by RT-qPCR and control patients. Samples were tested with Biolidics 2019-nCoV IgG/IgM Detection Kit lateral flow immunoassay, and antibody calls were compared with ELISA. Results Biolidics LFI showed clinical sensitivity of 92% with venous blood at 7 days after PCR diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Test specificity was 92% for IgM and 100% for IgG. There was no significant difference in detecting IgM and IgG with Biolidics LFI and ELISA at D0 and D7 (p = 1.00), except for detection of IgM at D7 (p = 0.04). Capillary blood of SARS-CoV-2 patients showed 93% sensitivity for antibody detection. Conclusions Clinical performance of Biolidics 2019-nCoV IgG/IgM Detection Kit is comparable to ELISA and was consistent across sample types. This provides an opportunity for decentralized rapid testing and may allow point-of-care and longitudinal self-testing for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Black
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Guomiao Shen
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Wilfredo F Garcia Beltran
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Yang Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, NYU School of Global Public Health, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Varshini Vasudevaraja
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Douglas Allison
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Lawrence H Lin
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Tatyana Gindin
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Michael Astudillo
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Diane Yang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Mandakolathur Murali
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - A John Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - George Jour
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, United States of America.
| | - Paolo Cotzia
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, United States of America.
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, United States of America.
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10
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Maurano MT, Ramaswami S, Zappile P, Dimartino D, Boytard L, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos AM, Vulpescu NA, Westby G, Shen G, Feng X, Hogan MS, Ragonnet-Cronin M, Geidelberg L, Marier C, Meyn P, Zhang Y, Cadley J, Ordoñez R, Luther R, Huang E, Guzman E, Arguelles-Grande C, Argyropoulos KV, Black M, Serrano A, Call ME, Kim MJ, Belovarac B, Gindin T, Lytle A, Pinnell J, Vougiouklakis T, Chen J, Lin LH, Rapkiewicz A, Raabe V, Samanovic MI, Jour G, Osman I, Aguero-Rosenfeld M, Mulligan MJ, Volz EM, Cotzia P, Snuderl M, Heguy A. Sequencing identifies multiple early introductions of SARS-CoV-2 to the New York City region. Genome Res 2020; 30:1781-1788. [PMID: 33093069 PMCID: PMC7706732 DOI: 10.1101/gr.266676.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Effective public response to a pandemic relies upon accurate measurement of the extent and dynamics of an outbreak. Viral genome sequencing has emerged as a powerful approach to link seemingly unrelated cases, and large-scale sequencing surveillance can inform on critical epidemiological parameters. Here, we report the analysis of 864 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from cases in the New York City metropolitan area during the COVID-19 outbreak in spring 2020. The majority of cases had no recent travel history or known exposure, and genetically linked cases were spread throughout the region. Comparison to global viral sequences showed that early transmission was most linked to cases from Europe. Our data are consistent with numerous seeds from multiple sources and a prolonged period of unrecognized community spreading. This work highlights the complementary role of genomic surveillance in addition to traditional epidemiological indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Maurano
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Sitharam Ramaswami
- Genome Technology Center, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, Office of Science and Research, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Paul Zappile
- Genome Technology Center, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, Office of Science and Research, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Dacia Dimartino
- Genome Technology Center, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, Office of Science and Research, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Ludovic Boytard
- Center for Biospecimen Research and Development, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - André M Ribeiro-Dos-Santos
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Nicholas A Vulpescu
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Gael Westby
- Genome Technology Center, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, Office of Science and Research, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Guomiao Shen
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Megan S Hogan
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Manon Ragonnet-Cronin
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Lily Geidelberg
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Marier
- Genome Technology Center, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, Office of Science and Research, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Peter Meyn
- Genome Technology Center, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, Office of Science and Research, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Yutong Zhang
- Genome Technology Center, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, Office of Science and Research, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - John Cadley
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Raquel Ordoñez
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Raven Luther
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Emily Huang
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Emily Guzman
- Genome Technology Center, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, Office of Science and Research, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | | | - Kimon V Argyropoulos
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Margaret Black
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Antonio Serrano
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Melissa E Call
- Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Min Jae Kim
- Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Brendan Belovarac
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Tatyana Gindin
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Andrew Lytle
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Jared Pinnell
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | | | - John Chen
- Medical Center IT, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Lawrence H Lin
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Amy Rapkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Vanessa Raabe
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine and NYU Langone Vaccine Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Marie I Samanovic
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine and NYU Langone Vaccine Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - George Jour
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Iman Osman
- Center for Biospecimen Research and Development, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | | | - Mark J Mulligan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine and NYU Langone Vaccine Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Erik M Volz
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Cotzia
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Center for Biospecimen Research and Development, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Genome Technology Center, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, Office of Science and Research, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, USA
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11
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Occidental M, Flaifel A, Lin LH, Guzzetta M, Thomas K, Jour G. Investigating the spectrum of dermatologic manifestations in COVID-19 infection in severely ill patients: A series of four cases. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 48:110-115. [PMID: 32896915 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus, was initially identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. By March 2020, it was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Although most findings have been reported in the lungs, primarily due to catastrophic respiratory decline, other organs, including the skin, are affected. Recent reports have been published describing the clinical spectrum of COVID-19-related lesions. In addition, recent case series have described a subset of these lesions having underlying thrombotic microangiopathy with increased complement activation characterized by increased C4d deposition within the blood vessel walls. Herein, we describe a series of COVID-19-related cutaneous manifestations found at autopsy examination and their underlying histopathologic findings. Although the clinical manifestations seen in these lesions vary widely, the underlying etiology of thrombotic microangiopathy remains consistent and reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Occidental
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Abdallah Flaifel
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence H Lin
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Melissa Guzzetta
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kristen Thomas
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - George Jour
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
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12
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Maurano MT, Ramaswami S, Zappile P, Dimartino D, Boytard L, Ribeiro-dos-Santos AM, Vulpescu NA, Westby G, Shen G, Feng X, Hogan MS, Ragonnet-Cronin M, Geidelberg L, Marier C, Meyn P, Zhang Y, Cadley J, Ordoñez R, Luther R, Huang E, Guzman E, Arguelles-Grande C, Argyropoulos KV, Black M, Serrano A, Call ME, Kim MJ, Belovarac B, Gindin T, Lytle A, Pinnell J, Vougiouklakis T, Chen J, Lin LH, Rapkiewicz A, Raabe V, Samanovic MI, Jour G, Osman I, Aguero-Rosenfeld M, Mulligan MJ, Volz EM, Cotzia P, Snuderl M, Heguy A. Sequencing identifies multiple early introductions of SARS-CoV-2 to the New York City Region. medRxiv 2020:2020.04.15.20064931. [PMID: 32511587 PMCID: PMC7276014 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.15.20064931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective public response to a pandemic relies upon accurate measurement of the extent and dynamics of an outbreak. Viral genome sequencing has emerged as a powerful approach to link seemingly unrelated cases, and large-scale sequencing surveillance can inform on critical epidemiological parameters. Here, we report the analysis of 864 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from cases in the New York City metropolitan area during the COVID-19 outbreak in Spring 2020. The majority of cases had no recent travel history or known exposure, and genetically linked cases were spread throughout the region. Comparison to global viral sequences showed that early transmission was most linked to cases from Europe. Our data are consistent with numerous seeds from multiple sources and a prolonged period of unrecognized community spreading. This work highlights the complementary role of genomic surveillance in addition to traditional epidemiological indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Maurano
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Sitharam Ramaswami
- Genome Technology Center, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, Office of Science and Research, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Paul Zappile
- Genome Technology Center, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, Office of Science and Research, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Dacia Dimartino
- Genome Technology Center, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, Office of Science and Research, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Ludovic Boytard
- Center for Biospecimen Research and Development, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - André M. Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Vulpescu
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Gael Westby
- Genome Technology Center, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, Office of Science and Research, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Guomiao Shen
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Megan S. Hogan
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Manon Ragonnet-Cronin
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London
| | - Lily Geidelberg
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London
| | - Christian Marier
- Genome Technology Center, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, Office of Science and Research, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Peter Meyn
- Genome Technology Center, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, Office of Science and Research, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Yutong Zhang
- Genome Technology Center, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, Office of Science and Research, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - John Cadley
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Raquel Ordoñez
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Raven Luther
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Emily Huang
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Emily Guzman
- Genome Technology Center, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, Office of Science and Research, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Margaret Black
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Antonio Serrano
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Melissa E. Call
- Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Min Jae Kim
- Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Brendan Belovarac
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Tatyana Gindin
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Lytle
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Jared Pinnell
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | - John Chen
- Medical Center IT, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Lin
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Amy Rapkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Vanessa Raabe
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine and NYU Langone Vaccine Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | - George Jour
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Iman Osman
- Center for Biospecimen Research and Development, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
- Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | - Mark J. Mulligan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine and NYU Langone Vaccine Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Erik M. Volz
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London
| | - Paolo Cotzia
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
- Center for Biospecimen Research and Development, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
- Genome Technology Center, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, Office of Science and Research, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa J Barrett
- Department of Medicine (T.J.B., A.H.L., Y.X., J.H., J.S.B.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY
| | - Angela H Lee
- Department of Medicine (T.J.B., A.H.L., Y.X., J.H., J.S.B.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY
| | - Yuhe Xia
- Department of Medicine (T.J.B., A.H.L., Y.X., J.H., J.S.B.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY
| | - Lawrence H Lin
- Department of Pathology (L.H.L., M.B., P.C.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY
| | - Margaret Black
- Department of Pathology (L.H.L., M.B., P.C.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY
| | - Paolo Cotzia
- Department of Pathology (L.H.L., M.B., P.C.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY.,Center for Biospecimen Research Development (P.C.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY
| | - Judith Hochman
- Department of Medicine (T.J.B., A.H.L., Y.X., J.H., J.S.B.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY
| | - Jeffrey S Berger
- Department of Medicine (T.J.B., A.H.L., Y.X., J.H., J.S.B.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY.,Department of Surgery (J.S.B.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY
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14
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Braga A, Campos V, Filho JR, Lin LH, Sun SY, de Souza CB, da Silva RDCAF, Leal EAS, Silveira E, Maestá I, Madi JM, Uberti EH, Viggiano M, Elias KM, Horowitz N, Berkowitz RS. Is chemotherapy always necessary for patients with nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia with histopathological diagnosis of choriocarcinoma? Gynecol Oncol 2017; 148:239-246. [PMID: 29248195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate expectant management versus immediate chemotherapy following pathological diagnosis of gestational choriocarcinoma (GCC) in patients with nonmetastatic disease. METHODS Multicenter retrospective cohort that included patients with histological diagnosis of GCC with nonmetastatic disease followed at one of thirteen Brazilian referral centers for gestational trophoblastic disease from January 2000 to December 2016. RESULTS Among 3191 patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, 199 patients with nonmetastatic GCC were identified. Chemotherapy was initiated immediately in 152 (76.4%) patients per FIGO 2000 guideline, while 47 (23.6%) were managed expectantly. Both groups presented with similar characteristics and outcomes. All patients (n=12) who had normal human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the first 2-3weeks of expectant management achieved complete sustained remission with no chemotherapy. Only 44.7% (21 patients) of patients who were expectantly managed needed to receive chemotherapy due to plateauing or rising hCG level in the first 2-3weeks of follow up. The outcome of patients receiving chemotherapy after initial expectant management was similar to those who received chemotherapy immediately after the diagnosis in terms of need for multi-agent chemotherapy or number of cycles of chemotherapy. There was no case of relapse or death in either group. Logistic regression analysis showed that age≥40years and hCG≥92,428IU/L at GCC diagnosis were risk factors for needing chemotherapy after initial expectant management of nonmetastatic GCC. CONCLUSION In order to avoid exposing patients unnecessarily to chemotherapy, close surveillance of women with pathological diagnosis of nonmetastatic GCC seems to be a safe practice, particularly for those who have a normal hCG at the time of diagnosis. If confirmed by other studies, the FIGO guidelines may need to be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Braga
- Rio de Janeiro Trophoblastic Disease Center (Maternity School of Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Antonio Pedro University Hospital of Fluminense Federal University, Maternity Ward of Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Perinatal Health, Faculty of Medicine, Maternity School of Rio de Janeiro Federal University.
| | - Vanessa Campos
- Postgraduate Program in Perinatal Health, Faculty of Medicine, Maternity School of Rio de Janeiro Federal University
| | - Jorge Rezende Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Perinatal Health, Faculty of Medicine, Maternity School of Rio de Janeiro Federal University
| | - Lawrence H Lin
- São Paulo Clinical Hospital Trophoblastic Disease Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sue Yazaki Sun
- São Paulo Hospital Trophoblastic Disease Center, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiani Bisinoto de Souza
- Ribeirão Preto Trophoblastic Disease Center, Clinics Hospital of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo Silveira
- Santos Trophoblastic Disease Center, Guilherme Álvaro Hospital, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izildinha Maestá
- Trophoblastic Diseases Center of the Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Madi
- Caxias do Sul Trophoblastic Disease Center, General Hospital of Caxias do Sul, School of Medicine, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Caxias do Sul University, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elza H Uberti
- Porto Alegre Trophoblastic Disease Center, Mario Totta Maternity Ward, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia Hospital, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maurício Viggiano
- Goiás Trophoblastic Disease Center, Clinical Hospital of Goiás, Goiás Federal University, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Kevin M Elias
- New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neil Horowitz
- New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ross S Berkowitz
- New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Lin LH, Huang YQ, Ma XD. [Effects of EZH2 siRNA silence on proliferation, apoptosis, and histone methylation, acetylation in HL-60 cells]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2017; 38:249-252. [PMID: 28395453 PMCID: PMC7348374 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - X D Ma
- Department of Hematology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
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Lin LH, Bernardes LS, Hase EA, Fushida K, Francisco RPV. Is Doppler ultrasound useful for evaluating gestational trophoblastic disease? Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2015; 70:810-5. [PMID: 26735221 PMCID: PMC4676324 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2015(12)08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive method for evaluating vascularization and is widely used in clinical practice. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia includes a group of highly vascularized malignancies derived from placental cells. This review summarizes data found in the literature regarding the applications of Doppler ultrasound in managing patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. The PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane and LILACS databases were searched for articles published in English until 2014 using the following keywords: "Gestational trophoblastic disease AND Ultrasonography, Doppler." Twenty-eight articles met the inclusion criteria and were separated into the 4 following groups according to the aim of the study. (1) Doppler ultrasound does not seem to be capable of differentiating partial from complete moles, but it might be useful when evaluating pregnancies in which a complete mole coexists with a normal fetus. (2) There is controversy in the role of uterine artery Doppler velocimetry in the prediction of development of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. (3) Doppler ultrasound is a useful tool in the diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia because abnormal myometrial vascularization and lower uterine artery Doppler indices seem to be correlated with invasive disease. (4) Lower uterine artery Doppler indices in the diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia are associated with methotrexate resistance and might play a role in prognosis. CONCLUSION Several studies support the importance of Doppler ultrasound in the management of patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, particularly the role of Doppler velocimetry in the prediction of trophoblastic neoplasia and the chemoresistance of trophoblastic tumors. Doppler findings should be used as ancillary tools, along with human chorionic gonadotropin assessment, in the diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence H Lin
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Centro de Doenças Trofoblásticas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
- Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | - Lisandra S Bernardes
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Centro de Doenças Trofoblásticas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Eliane A Hase
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Centro de Doenças Trofoblásticas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Koji Fushida
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Centro de Doenças Trofoblásticas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Rossana P V Francisco
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Centro de Doenças Trofoblásticas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
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Li H, Zhou ZS, Guo J, Lin LH. Polymorphic microsatellite loci in the rapid racerunner Eremias velox (Squamata: Lacertidae). Genet Mol Res 2012; 11:4707-10. [PMID: 23096907 DOI: 10.4238/2012.october.9.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We isolated and characterizated 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the rapid racerunner Eremias velox (Squamata: Lacertidae). The loci were screened in 37 E. velox individuals. The number of alleles ranged from 6 to 16. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.432 to 0.919, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.685 to 0.902. These microsatellite markers should prove useful for population genetic studies of E. velox and other Eremias species.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism. Its etiopathology is not well understood but genetic factors seem to have a role. Polymorphism of the androgen receptor (AR) gene has been associated with different androgen pattern diseases. OBJECTIVE To review the association between AR gene polymorphism and PCOS. SEARCH STRATEGY A systematic review was performed via PUBMED, EMBASE, and LILACS (up to May 31, 2011). SELECTION CRITERIA Studies assessing the presence of the (CAG)(n) polymorphism of the AR gene in at least 2 comparison groups (PCOS and control). Studies that did not contain adequate information were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Study characteristics and results were analyzed. Meta-analysis could not be performed because only 2 articles provided odds ratios. MAIN RESULTS Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Three studies reported a correlation between the polymorphism and PCOS; 2 studies linked the disorder to shorter repeats, whereas the other associated it with longer repeats. CONCLUSION Polymorphism of the AR gene seems to be a promising biomarker for PCOS because shorter repeats may be linked to the disorder. However, further studies are needed to understand the association fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence H Lin
- Gynecology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Lin LH, Langasek JE, Talman LS, Taktakishvili OM, Talman WT. Feline immunodeficiency virus as a gene transfer vector in the rat nucleus tractus solitarii. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2009; 30:339-46. [PMID: 19777342 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-009-9456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Gene transfer has been used to examine the role of putative neurotransmitters in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). Most such studies used adenovirus vector-mediated gene transfer although adenovirus vector transfects both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Successful transfection in the NTS has also been reported with lentivirus as the vector. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), a lentivirus, may preferentially transfect neurons and could be a powerful tool to delineate physiological effects produced by altered synthesis of transmitters in neurons. However, it has not been studied in NTS. Therefore, we sought to determine whether FIV transfects rat NTS cells and to define the type of cell transfected. We found that injection of FIV encoding LacZ gene (FIVLacZ) into the NTS led to transfection of numerous NTS cells. Injection of FIVLacZ did not alter immunoreactivity (IR) for neuronal nitric oxide synthase, which we have shown resides in NTS neurons. A majority (91.7 +/- 3.9%) of transfected cells contained IR for neuronal nuclear antigen, a neuronal marker; 2.1 +/- 3.8% of transfected cells contained IR for glial fibrillary acidic protein, a glial marker. No transfected neurons or fibers were observed in the nodose ganglion, which sends afferents to the NTS. We conclude that FIV almost exclusively transfects neurons in the rat NTS from which it is not retrogradely transported. The cell-type specificity of FIV in the NTS may provide a molecular method to study local physiological functions mediated by potential neurotransmitters in the NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Lin
- Department of Neurology, 1191 ML, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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20
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Lin LH, Taktakishvili OM, Talman WT. Colocalization of neurokinin-1, N-methyl-D-aspartate, and AMPA receptors on neurons of the rat nucleus tractus solitarii. Neuroscience 2008; 154:690-700. [PMID: 18479828 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/30/2008] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Substance P (SP) and glutamate are implicated in cardiovascular regulation by the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). Our earlier studies suggest that SP, which acts at neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors, is not a baroreflex transmitter while glutamate is. On the other hand, our recent studies showed that loss of NTS neurons expressing NK1 receptors leads to loss of baroreflex responses and increased blood pressure lability. Furthermore, studies have suggested that SP may interact with glutamate in the NTS. In this study, we sought to test the hypothesis that NK1 receptors colocalize with glutamate receptors, either N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors or AMPA receptors or both in the NTS. We performed double-label immunofluorescent staining for NK1 receptors and either N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit 1 (NMDAR1) or AMPA specific glutamate receptor subunit 2 (GluR2) in the rat NTS. Because vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) containing fibers are prominent in portions of the NTS where cardiovascular afferent fibers terminate, we also performed double-label immunofluorescent staining for NK1 receptors and VGLUT2. Confocal microscopic images showed that NK1 receptors-immunoreactivity (IR) and NMDAR1-IR colocalized in the same neurons in many NTS subnuclei. Almost all NTS neurons positive for NK1 receptor-IR also contained NMDAR1-IR, but only 53.4% to 74.8% of NMDAR1-IR positive neurons contained NK1 receptors-IR. NK1 receptor-IR and GluR2-IR also colocalized in many neurons in NTS subnuclei. A majority of NK1 receptor-IR positive NTS neurons also contained GluR2-IR, but only 45.8% to 73.9% of GluR2-IR positive NTS neurons contained NK1 receptors-IR. Our results also showed that fibers labeled for VGLUT2-IR were in close apposition to fibers and neurons labeled for NK1 receptor-IR. The data support our hypothesis, provide an anatomical framework for glutamate and SP interactions, and may explain the loss of baroreflexes when NTS neurons, which could respond to glutamate as well as SP, are killed.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Male
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/ultrastructure
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, AMPA/biosynthesis
- Receptors, AMPA/genetics
- Receptors, AMPA/metabolism
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/biosynthesis
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/metabolism
- Solitary Nucleus/cytology
- Solitary Nucleus/metabolism
- Solitary Nucleus/ultrastructure
- Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2/biosynthesis
- Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, 1191 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Lin LH, Taktakishvili O, Talman WT. Identification and localization of cell types that express endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the rat nucleus tractus solitarii. Brain Res 2007; 1171:42-51. [PMID: 17761150 PMCID: PMC2141649 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have suggested that nitric oxide (NO) in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) participates in modulating cardiovascular function. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the enzyme responsible for synthesis of NO, exists in 3 isoforms: endothelial NOS (eNOS), neuronal NOS (nNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS). Although the distribution of nNOS in the NTS has been well documented, the distribution of eNOS in the NTS has not. Because recent studies have shown that eNOS may contribute to regulation of baroreceptor reflexes and arterial pressure, we examined the distribution of eNOS and the types of cells that express it in rat NTS by using multiple labels for immunofluorescent staining and confocal microscopy. Immunoreactivity (IR) for eNOS and nNOS was found in cells and processes in all NTS subnuclei, but eNOS-IR was more uniformly distributed than was nNOS-IR. Although structures containing either eNOS-IR or nNOS-IR were often present in close proximity, they never contained both isoforms. Almost all eNOS-IR positive structures, but no nNOS-IR positive structures, contained IR for the glial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein. Furthermore, while all nNOS-IR positive cells contained IR for the neuronal marker neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN), none of the eNOS-IR positive cells contained NeuN-IR. We conclude that eNOS in the NTS is present only in astrocytes and endothelial cells, not in neurons. Our data complement previous physiological studies and suggest that although NO from nNOS may modulate neurotransmission directly in the NTS, NO from eNOS in the NTS may modulate cardiovascular function through an interaction between astrocytes and neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, VAMC 1-10W19, MS 151, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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22
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Abstract
The phase II metabolite of acetaminophen in filamentous fungi and actinomycetes separated from soil was investigated. Fifty-four filamentous fungi and twenty-seven actinomycetes were screened to transform acetaminophen. The metabolites of acetaminophen were assayed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The only metabolite was subject to enzymatic hydrolysis to confirm its structure. Acetaminophen was converted into glucoside conjugate, by filamentous fungi JX1-60, LN17-2, LN20-1 and the yield of the conjugate was 60.01%, 44.27%, 100%, respectively, and no phase I metabolites were detected. Glucoside conjugation of acetaminophen in filamentous fungi differs from the phase II metabolism of glucuronidation in humans. The fungus LN20-1 could be a suitable model to synthesize glucoside conjugate of acetaminophen.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Huang
- Shanghai Drug-Metab Biotech Co., Ltd, People's Republic of China
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Lin LH, Talman WT. Vesicular glutamate transporters and neuronal nitric oxide synthase colocalize in aortic depressor afferent neurons. J Chem Neuroanat 2006; 32:54-64. [PMID: 16735103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2006.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2006] [Revised: 04/11/2006] [Accepted: 04/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aortic depressor nerve (ADN) primarily transmits baroreceptor signals from the aortic arch to the nucleus tractus solitarii. Cell bodies of neurons that send peripheral fibers to form the ADN are located in the nodose ganglion (NG). Studies have implicated glutamate and nitric oxide in transmission of baroreflex signals; therefore, we tested the hypothesis that ADN neurons contain either vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) or neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) or both. We applied a fluorescent tracer, tetramethyl rhodamine dextran (TRD), to rat ADN to identify ADN neurons and then performed immunofluorescent labeling for nNOS and VGLUTs 1, 2, and 3 in NG sections. We found that VGLUT2-immunoreactivity (IR) and VGLUT3-IR was present in a significantly higher proportion of TRD positive neurons than in TRD negative neurons. In contrast, the percentage of TRD positive neurons containing VGLUT1-IR or nNOS-IR did not differ from that of TRD negative neurons. We also observed that the percentage of TRD positive neurons containing both VGLUT2-IR and nNOS-IR and the percentage of TRD positive neurons containing both VGLUT3-IR and nNOS-IR were significantly higher than that of TRD negative neurons. On the other hand, colocalization of VGLUT1-IR and nNOS-IR in TRD positive neurons did not differ from that of TRD negative neurons. These results support our hypothesis and suggest prominent roles of VGLUT2-IR containing neurons and VGLUT3-IR containing neurons in transmitting cardiovascular signals via the ADN to the brain stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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24
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Lin LH, Talman WT. Nitroxidergic neurons in rat nucleus tractus solitarii express vesicular glutamate transporter 3. J Chem Neuroanat 2005; 29:179-91. [PMID: 15820620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2005.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2004] [Revised: 01/18/2005] [Accepted: 01/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Earlier we reported that glutamate transporter (VGLUT) 2 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) are colocalized in some fibers and are present in apposing fibers in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). Those findings provided anatomical support for a hypothesized physiological link between glutamate and nitric oxide (NO.) in the NTS. Recently a third class of VGLUT, VGLUT3, was identified, but its distribution in NTS and its anatomical relationship with nNOS have not been shown. In this study we tested the hypothesis that neurons and fibers containing VGLUT3 lie in close proximity to those containing nNOS and that both proteins colocalize in some neurons and fibers in the NTS. We perfused rats and obtained brain stem sections and nodose ganglion sections for immunofluorescent staining analyzed by confocal microscopy. The NTS contained moderate VGLUT3-immunoreactivity (IR), with the intermediate, medial and interstitial subnuclei containing higher VGLUT3-IR than other subnuclei. Although all three forms of VGLUT were present in the NTS, VGLUT3-IR was not colocalized with either VGLUT1-IR or VGLUT2-IR in either processes or cells in the brain stem. Cells and processes containing both VGLUT3-IR and nNOS-IR were noted in all NTS subnuclei and in the nodose ganglion. Triple immunofluorescent staining revealed that cells double-labeled for nNOS-IR and VGLUT3-IR were all additionally labeled for neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN), a neuronal marker. These findings support our hypothesis that neurons and fibers containing VGLUT3 lie in close proximity to those containing nNOS and that both proteins colocalize in some neurons and fibers in the NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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25
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Lin LH, Talman WT. Soluble guanylate cyclase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase colocalize in rat nucleus tractus solitarii. J Chem Neuroanat 2005; 29:127-36. [PMID: 15652699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2004.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2004] [Revised: 08/30/2004] [Accepted: 10/12/2004] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide has been implicated in transmission of cardiovascular signals in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). Pharmacological studies suggest that activation of neurons by nitric oxide in the NTS may involve soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). However, anatomical data supporting this suggestion have not been available. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that neurons and fibers containing neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) lie in close proximity to those containing sGC and the two enzymes colocalize in some neurons and fibers in the NTS. We perfused six rats and obtained brain stem sections for double immunofluorescent staining utilizing antibodies selective for sGC and for nNOS combined with confocal microscopy. The distribution and staining intensity of nNOS-immunoreactivity (IR) was similar to our earlier reports. IR of sGC was present in cell bodies, proximal dendrites and fibers of many brain stem regions. Strong sGC-IR was noted in the hypoglossal, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus and gracilis nuclei. The NTS exhibited moderate sGC-IR. Superimposed images showed that many NTS neurons contained both nNOS-IR and sGC-IR. The percentage of sGC-IR positive cells that were also nNOS-IR positive differed among NTS subnuclei. Similarly, the percentage of nNOS-IR positive cells that were also sGC positive differed among NTS subnuclei. Fibers stained for both nNOS-IR and sGC-IR were also present in NTS subnuclei. In addition, we identified fibers that were stained for nNOS-IR or sGC-IR alone and often found such singly labeled fibers apposed to each other. These data support our hypothesis and provide anatomical support for the suggestion that nitroxidergic activation of the NTS involves sGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA.
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26
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Fan PC, Lin LH. Hybridization of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum in mice. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2005; 36:89-96. [PMID: 15906648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Crossing experiments in mice with two human species of Schistosoma japonicum (Taiwan strain) and Schistosoma mansoni (Puerto Rican strain) were performed. The hybrid miracidia from the cross between female S. japonicum and male S. mansoni infected both Biophalaria glabrata and Oncomalania h. chiui. However, those from the reciprocal crossing could infect only B. glabrata. B. glabrata infected with hybrid miracidia of female S. mansoni x male S. japonicum survived up to 30 days while those infected with miracidia of S. mansoni remained alive for more than 100 days after the first shedding of cercariae. Relatively few hybrid eggs reached maturity either in tissues or in the feces of infected mice. A low percentage of F1 eggs hatched and the infectivity of F1 miracida was also low. Morphology and behavior of hybrid eggs, miracidia, cercariae, and adults were similar to the maternal species. The daily egg production of the hybrid worm pair was less than that of the normal one. The observations in the present study may be attributed to the maternal effects. However, the phenomenon of parthenogenesis in schistosomes cannot be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Fan
- Institute and Department of Parasitology, National Yangming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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27
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Lin LH, Edwards RH, Fremeau RTJ, Fujiyama F, Kaneko T, Talman WT. Localization of vesicular glutamate transporters and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in rat nucleus tractus solitarii. Neuroscience 2004; 123:247-55. [PMID: 14667459 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previously we reported that glutamate and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) colocalize in neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). That finding provided anatomical support for the suggestion that nitric oxide and glutamate interact in cardiovascular regulation by the NTS. Here we test the hypothesis that nNOS colocalizes with vesicular glutamate transporters (VGluT1 and VGluT2) in the NTS. Immunoreactivity (IR) for VGluT better identifies glutamatergic terminals than does glutamate-IR, which may label metabolic as well as transmitter stores of the amino acid. We used fluorescent immunohistochemistry combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy to study IR for VGluT1, VGluT2 and nNOS in rat NTS. A high density of VGluT1-IR positive fibers was present in the gracilis and cuneatus nuclei while in the NTS we found a moderate density in the lateral and interstitial subnuclei and a low density in the dorsolateral, ventral and intermediate subnuclei. The medial, central, commissural and gelatinosus subnuclei contained few VGluT1-IR containing fibers. Thus, VGluT1 containing fibers are not prominent in portions of the NTS where cardiovascular afferent fibers terminate. In contrast, we found a high density of VGluT2-IR containing fibers in the gelatinosus subnucleus and subpostremal area and a moderate density in cardiovascular regions such as the dorsolateral and medial subnuclei as well as in the central and lateral subnuclei. We found a low density in the ventral, intermediate, interstitial and commissural subnuclei. VGluT1-IR and VGluT2-IR rarely colocalized in fibers within the NTS. VGluT1-IR did not colocalize with nNOS, but VGluT2-IR and nNOS-IR colocalized in fibers in all NTS subnuclei. When compared with the other NTS subnuclei, the dorsolateral, gelatinosus and subpostremal subnuclei had higher frequencies of colocalization of VGluT2-IR and nNOS-IR. VGluT2-IR positive fibers were also apposed to nNOS-IR positive fibers throughout the NTS. These data support our hypothesis and confirm that glutamatergic fibers in the NTS contain nNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, VAMC 3-278, MS 151, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA.
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Abstract
Previously we demonstrated that glutamate and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) containing neuronal elements are frequently apposed in subnuclei of the rat nucleus tractus solitarii. It is known that glutamate receptors (GluRs) of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) subtype participate in cardiovascular regulation by the nucleus tractus solitarii and that responses to AMPA receptor activation may be linked to NO. Therefore, in the present study, we further tested the hypothesis that the calcium-permeable subunit GluR1 of AMPA type GluRs and nNOS are colocalized in neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarii. Distribution of GluR1 and nNOS in rat nucleus tractus solitarii was investigated by double fluorescent immunohistochemistry combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Numerous GluR1 immunoreactive cells and fibers were present in subnuclei of the nucleus tractus solitarii. The staining intensity of GluR1 immunoreactive cells varied among subnuclei. Cells in the interstitial subnucleus contained the highest GluR1 staining intensity. A moderate intensity of staining was present in the intermediate, dorsolateral, ventral, and commissural subnuclei. A slightly lower level of GluR1 immunoreactivity was present in cells of the medial subnucleus. Cells in the central subnucleus contained a low level of GluR1 immunoreactivity. The staining intensity of GluR1 immunoreactive fibers also varied among subnuclei. Distribution of nNOS immunoreactivity in the nucleus tractus solitarii and other brain stem areas was the same as in our earlier reports. Superimposition of confocal images of nNOS immunoreactivity and GluR1 immunoreactivity allowed us to identify double-labeled structures. Nearly all neurons that were immunoreactive for nNOS contained GluR1 immunoreactivity, but only a proportion of GluR1 immunoreactive cells contained nNOS immunoreactivity. Double-labeled neurons were present in all subnuclei of the nucleus tractus solitarii. The percentages of GluR1 immunoreactive cells that also contained nNOS immunoreactivity differed among subnuclei of the nucleus tractus solitarii. Fibers that labeled for nNOS alone, GluR1 alone or both were present among labeled cells in these subnuclei. These data support the hypothesis that GluR1 and nNOS are colocalized in neurons of nucleus tractus solitarii. The demonstration of this anatomical relationship provides further anatomical support for the hypothesis that activation of AMPA receptors on neurons that synthesize NO in the nucleus tractus solitarii contributes to autonomic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, MS 151, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA.
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Chiou ST, Lin HD, Yu NC, Hseuh HK, Lin LH, Lin LT, Chen TJ, Lai MS. An initial assessment of the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing diabetes shared care system in Taiwan--some experiences from I-Lan County. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2001; 54 Suppl 1:S67-73. [PMID: 11580971 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8227(01)00311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is the fifth leading cause of death in Taiwan and the burden of suffering is still increasing. Building a comprehensive and efficient health care system is crucial to improve the outcome of the diabetics. We implemented the first diabetes shared care system of Taiwan in I-Lan County since August 1996 under the support of Department of Health, the Executive Yuan. This county-wide system was named 'Lan-Yang Diabetes Shared Care System' by the regional steering committee. Regional guidelines for diabetes management were developed after extensive discussion. A multidisciplinary diabetes care team was organized through a training and certification process. Registered patients held diabetes passports to keep clinical record. Physicians of the system use shared referral protocols and sheets. By the end of June 1999, 99 medical professionals had completed their training for diabetes shared care and been certified. The shared care system awarded 26 clinics to hang the lamp signs with the system logo to make them distinguishable. Such clinics have now been available throughout 12 townships in I-Lan County. The number of registered patients carrying diabetes passport increased to 3484 and there was a community-based patient group in every township of I-Lan County. The amount of continuing diabetes clinical training delivered by the specialists to the primary care physicians and non-physician professionals increased to 1681 person-hours per year. The proportion of registered patients undertaking fundus examination within 1 year increased to 30.9%, checking urine micro-albumin to 28.0% and checking HbA(1c) 72.8%, respectively. Mean HbA(1c) value decreased from 8.7% in the first year to 7.9% in the third year. Our study showed that under the co-ordination by regional health bureau with integration of different levels of medical facilities, governmental sectors and non-governmental community resources, the diabetes shared care model is feasible in Taiwan. Through its implementation, quality of regional diabetes care has achieved preliminary improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Chiou
- I-Lan County Health Bureau, 141 Shen-Ho Street, I-Lan City, I-Lan County 26043, Taiwan, ROC.
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Lee MC, Lin LH, Hung KL, Wu HY. Oral bacterial therapy promotes recovery from acute diarrhea in children. Acta Paediatr Taiwan 2001; 42:301-5. [PMID: 11729708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacilli in the intestines play an important role in developing natural defenses against both intestinal bacterial and viral infections. So a prospective clinical study was carried out at Cathay General Hospital to determine the effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium infantis on the course of acute diarrhea in hospitalized children. Altogether 100 children between 6 and 60 months of age were collected and randomly allocated into 2 groups. Study group (n = 50) was given Infloran Berna, which contains 10(9) viable Lactobacillus acidophilus and 10(9) Bifidobacterium infantis, one capsule tid for 4 days and control group (n = 50) received parenteral rehydration only without any medication. Only 20 stool cultures in study group had positive culture results for Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium. All children were evaluated for the degree of dehydration before rehydration. The clinical course of diarrhea was followed during the treatment period. Features on admission were similar between the study group and control group in age, duration of diarrhea at home, serum sodium & potassium and dehydration degree. The duration of diarrhea was defined as the time until the last appearance of watery stool. There was no difference between the study group and control group in the frequency of diarrhea stools on the day before admission (p > 0.05). However, the frequency of diarrhea for study group improved on the first and second day of hospitalization with statistical difference (p < 0.01). The duration of diarrhea during hospitalization in study group also decreased (3.1 vs. 3.6 days, p < 0.01). Oral bacterial therapy is an effective adjuvant therapy in rotavirus positive and negative children with diarrhea and can safely be administered during an episode of acute diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, 280, Section 4, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chang YJ, Lin CH, Lin LH. Noise and related events in a neonatal intensive care unit. Acta Paediatr Taiwan 2001; 42:212-7. [PMID: 11550409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to explore noise distribution, its timing, and sources of peak noise in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a University Hospital in Southern Taiwan. Two surveys on noise distribution and peak noise of the warmer bed were conducted. Noise at radiate heated beds located in the central sites of two areas, one near (Area A) and the other away from (Area B) the nursing station, were measured continuously for one week using an electronic sound-meter. Peak noise with a sound level of > 65 on the A-weighted decibel scale (dBA) and associated sources were recorded for 48 hours. Monitoring periods of peak noise consisted of a weekday and a day on the weekend randomly selected for Area A. Results showed that mean noise levels at the warmer bed in Areas A and B were 62 and 61.4 dBA on average. In over 70% of the total observation time for both areas the sound levels were > 59 dBA. The noise intensity was particularly high between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. The noise level on the weekend was lower than that on weekdays. During the 48-hour observation period, 4994 peak noises were recorded. Eighty-six percent of these peak noises were within ranges of 65-74 dBA and 90% were human-related factors. The primary non-human related source was monitor alarms. Additionally, peak noises occurred primarily during the 8-11 a.m. and 2-4 p.m. hours on the weekdays and weekends. These results indicate that modifications of staff behavior, care procedures, and apparatus may reduce the noise levels in the NICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Chang
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Glutamate (GLU) receptor activation, which is important in cardiovascular reflex transmission through the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), leads to release of nitric oxide (NO.) from central nitroxidergic neurons. Therefore, we hypothesized that GLU and NO. are linked in cardiovascular control by NTS. We first sought to determine if NO. released into NTS led to cardiovascular changes like those produced by GLU and found that the nitrosothiol S-nitrosocysteine, but not NO. itself or other NO. donors, elicited such responses in anesthetized rats. The responses were dependent on activation of soluble guanylate cyclase but, not being affected by a scavenger of NO., likely did not depend on release of NO. into the extracellular space. Responses to ionotropic GLU agonists in NTS, like those to S-nitrosocysteine, were inhibited by inhibition of soluble guanylate cyclase. Inhibition of neuronal NO. synthase (nNOS) also inhibited responses to ionotropic GLU agonists. The apparent physiologic link between GLU and NO. mechanisms in NTS was further supported by anatomical studies that demonstrated frequent association between GLU-containing nerve terminals and neurons containing nNOS. Furthermore, GLU receptors were often found on NTS neurons that were immunoreactive for nNOS. The anatomical relationships between GLU and nNOS and GLU receptors and nNOS were more pronounced in some subnuclei of NTS than in others. While seen in subnuclei that are known to receive cardiovascular afferents, the association was even more prominent in subnuclei that receive gastrointestinal afferents. These studies support a role for nitroxidergic neurons in mediating cardiovascular and other visceral reflex responses that result from release of GLU into the NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Talman
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Program, University of Iowa, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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Lee MC, Lin LH, Chen DF. Internal hernia caused by Meckel diverticulum in an infant: report of one case. Acta Paediatr Taiwan 2001; 42:105-7. [PMID: 11355062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal obstruction caused by internal hernia due to Meckel diverticulum is a rare disease. The condition is seldom diagnosed preoperatively. In this paper, we present a 10-month-old boy who suffered from abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, and mild fever for 2 days. Abdominal sonography, plain abdomen X-ray, and computed tomography merely showed mechanical ileus and partial malrotation. However, exploratory laparotomy revealed a Meckel diverticulum through which the small bowel had herniated. We introduce the Meckel diverticulum and internal hernia and discuss intestinal obstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, 280, Section 4, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether neuronal nitric oxide synthase and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors are co-localized in the rat nucleus tractus solitarii. Such co-localization would support the hypothesis that nitric oxide participates in nucleus tractus solitarii-mediated functions, such as cardiovascular regulation, by a link to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. We used double fluorescent immunohistochemistry using antibodies against neuronal nitric oxide synthase and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1, the fundamental subunit for functional N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Labeled brainstem sections were examined with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Most of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 immunoreactivity was in cell bodies and proximal dendrites of the numerous labeled cells in the brainstem. High levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 immunoreactivity were present in the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, hypoglossal nucleus and nucleus ambiguus. All subnuclei of the nucleus tractus solitarii contained moderate levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 immunoreactivity. The distribution of neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in the nucleus tractus solitarii was similar to that described in earlier reports. Superimposition of images revealed that almost all neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactive neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii contained N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 immunoreactivity, but a lesser portion of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1-immunoreactive cells contained neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity. Although all nucleus tractus solitarii subnuclei contained double-labeled neurons, the central subnucleus exhibited the highest density of double-labeled neurons.Co-localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 in the nucleus tractus solitarii provides anatomical support for the hypothesis that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation can affect nucleus tractus solitarii-controlled functions via actions on neurons that synthesize nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Marr HY, Chen WC, Lin LH. Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: report of one case. Acta Paediatr Taiwan 2001; 42:49-52. [PMID: 11270187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
We report a 76-day old infant who got diarrhea within the first week of life. He was treated as acute gastroenterocolitis and kept on feeding with regular infant formula. Because the symptoms persisted, the feeding formula was shifted to soy-based formula then to the highly-hydrolyzed formula and got improvement. But severe bloody diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and fever developed after feeding with regular infant formula again. Based on the history and clinical presentations, cow's milk allergy was suspected. He received total parenteral nutrition for 5 days then fed with highly-hydrolyzed formula with slowly increasing amount. Thereafter tests for total eosinophil counts, total serum IgE, milk specific IgE antibodies and milk extract skin prick test were all unremarkable. Under the impression of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), a double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) with infant formula was performed. Regular infant formula induced severe vomiting, diarrhea, fever, acidosis and elevation of absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) of peripheral blood by 27,640/mm3. Based on the laboratory findings and challenge results, the patient fit the diagnostic criteria of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Marr
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, No. 280, Sec. 4, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lee MC, Lin LH. Ultrasound screening of neonatal adrenal hemorrhage. Acta Paediatr Taiwan 2000; 41:327-30. [PMID: 11198940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage (NAH) is frequently overlooked because the majority of cases are asymptomatic. In this study, we investigated the clinical symptoms, echographic characteristics and incidence of NAH from January 1998 to December 1999 at Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Among 3273 newborns who had ultrasound screening, 18 cases were diagnosed as having NAH. The incidence was 0.55% which was compatible with other reports. But there was a female predominance (10:8) which was different from previous reports. Only one premature baby was diagnosed with NAH. No patients had perinatal asphyxia, and this was different from other reports. The mean birth body weight was 3530 grams which was more than the 75th percentile of normal term baby birth weight. Sixteen cases had right-sided NAH and two cases had left-sided NAH. Eleven cases (61%) within this study were asymptomatic. The incidence of pathologic jaundice was 11%. Four babies (22%) had poor oral feeding combined with vomiting. Only one had severe anemia for which blood transfusion was required. There were no cases of adrenocortical insufficiency in our study. Only one patient received adrenalectomy. In conclusion, NAH can be detected early by sonography and most cases require only supportive treatment. Thus, unnecessary surgery and severe complications due to delayed diagnosis can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, 280, Section 4, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen HH, Lin LH. Recurrent pancreatitis secondary to type V hyperlipidemia: report of one case. Acta Paediatr Taiwan 2000; 41:276-8. [PMID: 11100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
With the exception of cystic fibrosis and hereditary pancreatitis, case reports about pancreatitis in children have rarely been mentioned. We report here an 11-year-old boy with type V hyperlipidemia, who suffered from two episodes of acute pancreatitis. Sudden onset of severe upper abdominal pain, fever, and hypertriglyceridemia were the common presentations. Initial treatments including analgesics, fasting, parenteral nutrition support and following diet control with medium-chain triglycerides seem to be successful in our case.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin LH, Emson PC, Talman WT. Apposition of neuronal elements containing nitric oxide synthase and glutamate in the nucleus tractus solitarii of rat: a confocal microscopic analysis. Neuroscience 2000; 96:341-50. [PMID: 10683574 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of glutamate and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the rat nucleus tractus solitarii was investigated by double fluorescent immunohistochemistry combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cells and fibers that exhibited neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity alone, glutamate immunoreactivity alone or both immunolabels were present in all subnuclei of the nucleus tractus solitarii, but staining intensities differed between the subnuclei. The percentages of double-labeled glutamate-immunoreactive cells also differed between the subnuclei. The central subnucleus contained the highest percentage of double-labeled glutamate-immunoreactive cells and the medial subnucleus contained the lowest. The percentages of double-labeled neuronal nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive neurons likewise differed between the subnuclei. The central subnucleus contained the highest percentage of double-labeled neuronal nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive neurons and the commissural subnucleus contained the lowest. Because of our interest in cardiovascular regulation, the anatomical relationship between glutamate-immunoreactive and neuronal nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive fibers in the dorsolateral and commissural subnuclei was further examined at higher magnification. Close appositions were observed between neuronal nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive and glutamate-immunoreactive fibers, between double-labeled and glutamate-immunoreactive fibers, and between neuronal nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive and double-labeled fibers. We recognized that a single visual perspective might cause labeled fibers that pass in close proximity to appear to make contact. Therefore, we constructed three-dimensional images from serial optical sections obtained from the dorsolateral and commissural subnuclei by means of a confocal scanning microscope. Rotation of the three-dimensional images caused some fibers that had seemed to be in close apposition to other structures to separate from those structures. In contrast, some glutamate-immunoreactive and some neuronal nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive fibers remained in close apposition regardless of the angle at which they were viewed. This study supports there being an anatomical link between glutamatergic and nitroxidergic systems in the nucleus tractus solitarii. Recognized physiological interactions between the two systems could occur through such a link.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City 52242, USA
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Kallet RH, Jasmer RM, Luce JM, Lin LH, Marks JD. The treatment of acidosis in acute lung injury with tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane (THAM). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:1149-53. [PMID: 10764304 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.161.4.9906031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical hyperventilation of acidemic patients with acute lung injury (ALI) requires the use of high volumes and pressures that may worsen lung injury. However, permissive hypercapnia in the presence of shock, metabolic acidosis, and multi-organ system dysfunction may compromise normal cellular function. Tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane (THAM) may be an effective method to control acidosis in this circumstance. Protonated THAM is excreted by the kidneys, so that carbon dioxide production is not raised. In an uncontrolled study, we administered THAM to 10 patients with acidosis (mean pH = 7.14) and ALI (mean lung injury score = 3.28) in whom adequate control of arterial pH could not be maintained during either eucapnic ventilation or permissive hypercapnia ventilation. THAM was given at a mean dose of 0.55 mmol/kg/h. Administration of THAM was associated with significant improvements in arterial pH and base deficit, and a decrease in arterial carbon dioxide tension that could not be fully accounted for by ventilation. Although further studies are needed to confirm these observations, THAM appears to be an effective alternative to sodium bicarbonate for treating acidosis during ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Kallet
- Department of Anesthesia and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco at San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California 94110, USA.
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Lin LH, Cao S, Yu L, Cui J, Hamilton WJ, Liu PK. Up-regulation of base excision repair activity for 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in the mouse brain after forebrain ischemia-reperfusion. J Neurochem 2000; 74:1098-105. [PMID: 10693941 PMCID: PMC2726712 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.741098.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The repair enzyme 8-oxoguanine glycosylase/ apyrimidinic/apurinic lyase (OGG) removes 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine (oh8dG) in human cells. Our goal was to examine oh8dG-removing activity in the cell nuclei of male C57BL/6 mouse brains treated with either forebrain ischemia-reperfusion (FblR) or sham operations. We found that the OGG activity in nuclear extracts, under the condition in which other nucleases did not destroy the oligodeoxynucleotide duplex, excised oh8dG with the greatest efficiency on the oligodeoxynucleotide duplex containing oh8dG/dC and with less efficiency on the heteroduplex containing oh8dG/dT, oh8dG/dG, or oh8dG/dA. This specificity was the same as for the recombinant type 1 OGG (OGG1) of humans. We observed that the OGG1 peptide and its activity in the mouse brain were significantly increased after 90 min of ischemia and 20-30 min of reperfusion. The increase in the protein level and in the activity of brain OGG1 correlated positively with the elevation of FblR-induced DNA lesions in an indicator gene (the c-fos gene) of the brain. The data suggest a possibility that the OGG1 protein may excise oh8dG in the mouse brain and that the activity of OGG1 may have a functional role in reducing oxidative gene damage in the brain after FblR.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Abstract
The distribution of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) containing neurons and fibers in subnuclei of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) in the squirrel monkey, Saimuri sciureus, was investigated by nNOS immunohistochemistry and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase histochemistry. Generally, the staining pattern of nNOS and NADPH-diaphorase in the NTS was similar. A high density of neurons and fibers exhibiting both nNOS immunoreactivity and NADPH-diaphorase reactivity was present in the central, medial, intermediate, and dorsolateral subnuclei of the NTS. A moderate density of neurons and fibers that stained for both nNOS and NADPH-diaphorase was noted in the interstitial and ventromedial subnuclei. The gelatinosus and commissural subnuclei contained a low density of neurons and fibers exhibiting nNOS immunoreactivity and NADPH-diaphorase staining. The dorsal motor nucleus of vagus contained a high density of nNOS immunopositive and NADPH-diaphorase containing neurons and fibers at the rostral level, but contained a moderate density of positive fibers and very few positive neurons at the intermediate, subpostremal and commissural NTS levels. Incongruence was noted, however, between nNOS immunostaining and NADPH-diaphorase staining in blood vessels in the brainstem. Capillaries and small vessels exhibited strong staining for NADPH-diaphorase but no nNOS immunoreactivity. In summary, this work substantiates the presence of nNOS in subnuclei of the monkey NTS and is consistent with a role for NO(.) in neurotransmission in primate NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Ho HO, Hwang MC, Tseng SL, Lin LH, Chen KT, Chiang HS, Spur BW, Wong PY, Sheu MT. The percutaneous penetration of prostaglandin E1 and its alkyl esters. J Control Release 1999; 58:349-55. [PMID: 10099159 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(98)00169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The percutaneous delivery of PGE1 and its alkyl esters in alcoholic saline solution through hairless mouse skin was compared. The quantification of alkyl esters was based on the same principle as that for PGE1, which was converted to PGB1 to enhance the sensitivity and minimize the interference. Results showed that it was PGE1 that appeared in the receiver compartment for all alkyl esters examined. The flux of all alkyl esters of PGE1 in the same concentration was higher than PGE1 itself at most of saline vehicle with various fractions of alcohol. The maximal flux for a fixed concentration of each alkyl ester appeared at different fractions of alcohol. When the fractions of alcohol was kept constant, the alkyl ester that showed the maximal flux at this concentration appeared to have a longer chain length with increasing the fraction of alcohol. But isopropyl ester deviated from this order. It was concluded that the alkyl ester derivatives promoted the penetration of PGE1 mainly as a result of enhancing the drug partitioning into the stratum corneum. The alcohol fraction that needed to achieve the maximal flux at the same concentration increased with the increase of alkyl chain length, which resulted in the decrease of solubility parameter. It is necessary to optimize the fraction of alcohol in the saline solution in order to achieve the maximal flux at a fixed concentration for these alkyl esters with different alkyl chain length.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Ho
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taipei Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan 110, China.
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Fan PC, Lu H, Lin LH. Egg production capacity of Paragonimus pulmonalis in cats. J Parasitol 1998; 84:1282-5. [PMID: 9920332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, each of 43 cats was fed with a single metacercaria of Paragonimus pulmonalis and 2 cats (controls) with 2 metacercariae. They were killed 22-372 days postinfection. In the test group, 18 (41.9%) cats were infected, as well as the 2 cats in the control group. Among the 18 worms recovered from the test group, 9 found in the lungs were mature, whereas 5 mature and 4 immature worms were in the pleural cavity. Most eggs from worms encased in a cyst were passed in the feces. However, eggs from worms in the pleural cavity were only found on the lung surface and pleural cavity. Mature worms in cysts seemed to exhibit higher egg production capacity than those in the pleural cavity. Paired mature worms from a cyst laid more eggs than a single encysted mature worm in vitro at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Fan
- Department of Medical Research, Veteran General Hospital and Institute, National Yangming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
The optimization of percutaneous delivery of PGE1 and its ethyl ester in alcoholic buffer solution through hairless mouse skin was investigated. A reversed-phase HPLC system with a photodiode array detector was used to differentiate the UV spectra of the penetration products. By comparison of the UV spectrum for each chromatographic peak, the conversion of PGE1 ethyl ester to PGE1 by enzymatic hydrolysis was found to be the predominant degradation pathway during the in vitro penetration. The quantification of ethyl ester was developed based on the same principle as that for PGE1. It was then applied to monitor the penetration of prostaglandins through hairless mouse skin from the vehicles containing various fractions of alcohol. Results demonstrated that the alkyl group promoted the penetration mainly as a result of enhancing the drug partitioning into the stratum corneum at its maximal thermodynamic activity. The alcohol fraction around 20% seemed to be optimal for the percutaneous delivery of the ethyl ester. The use of collagen gel to carry PGE1 ethyl ester for percutaneous application was included for comparison. The effect of adding alcohol in the collagen gel on the penetration of PGE1 ethyl ester was found to be slightly lower than that from the same vehicle without collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taipei Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan 110, ROC.
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Lin LH, Din TS, Pan YL. Function of GABA rho1 receptors is up-regulated by chronic GABA treatment in Xenopus oocytes. Neurosci Lett 1998; 254:81-4. [PMID: 9779925 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of chronic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatment on homomeric GABA rho1 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The rho1 mRNA-injected oocytes were incubated with 10 mM GABA for 2, 6, 24, 48 or 72 h, prior to the assessment of GABA-gated ion currents. The results showed that GABA exposure for more than 6 h dramatically enhanced the peak GABA-activated currents. In addition to current amplitude, the apparent GABA potency and cooperativity were significantly increased. The enhancement reached its plateau after a 24-h exposure. The up-regulation of GABA current amplitude was completely inhibited by cycloheximide, a translation inhibitor. This suggests that chronic GABA treatment may increase the translational activity of GABA rho1 subunit in Xenopus oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kweisan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Abstract
The anatomical relationship between vagal afferents and brain nitric oxide synthase containing terminals in the nucleus tractus solitarii was studied by means of anterograde tracing combined with immunocytochemistry and immuno-electron microscopy. Biotinylated dextran amine was injected into the nodose ganglion with a glass micropipette. Four to eight days following the injection, regions of the nucleus tractus solitarii containing biotinylated dextran amine-labelled vagal afferents and those containing nitric oxide synthase-immunopositive terminals were congruent. Many neurons exhibiting nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity were found within the biotinylated dextran amine-containing terminal field. However dense labeling of terminals with biotinylated dextran amine precluded determination if the terminals were nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive. Therefore, we combined degeneration of vagal afferents after removal of one nodose ganglion with nitric oxide synthase immuno-electron microscopy. Axon terminals that possessed characteristic vesicle clusters and were partially or completely engulfed by glial processes were identified as degenerating vagal afferents. Degenerating axon terminals comprised 38% of the total axon terminals in the nucleus tractus solitarii in a sample of sections; and of the degenerating axon terminals, 67% were nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive. Nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity was present in 41% of the non-degenerating axon terminals. Prominent staining of dendrites for nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity indicated that much of the nitric oxide synthase in the nucleus tractus solitarii is not derived from peripheral afferents. Of the total number of dendritic profiles sampled, half were nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive. Our data support the hypothesis that nitric oxide or nitric oxide donors may be present in primary vagal afferents that terminate in the nucleus tractus solitarii. While this study confirms that vagal afferents contain brain nitric oxide synthase, it demonstrates for the first time that the majority of nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in the nucleus tractus solitarii is found in intrinsic structures in the nucleus. In addition, our data show that second or higher order neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii may be nitroxidergic and receive both nitroxidergic and non-nitroxidergic vagal input.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City 52242, USA
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Hsu CC, Lin LH, Chen DF. Choledochal cyst in infancy: report of two cases. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1997; 38:300-2. [PMID: 9297933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Choledochal cysts are malformations of the biliary ductal system, which rarely occur in infancy. In neonates and infants, choledochal cysts are congenital, may be associated with distal biliary atresia and typically presents with cholestatic jaundice and acholic stools characteristic of biliary obstruction. In older children and adults, it may be acquired in association with an anomalous pancreaticobiliary union and presents with any combination of intermittent jaundice, abdominal pain, and a palpable abdominal mass. Early detection of choledochal cysts is important in the prevention of the fatal complications of biliary obstruction. Here, we present two cases of congenital choledochal cyst in which the patients were 9 weeks old and 7 weeks old respectively. Both of them presented with jaundice, acholic stools, and hepatomegaly. Combined use of sonography, computed tomography and hepatobiliary scintigraphy demonstrated the presence of choledochal cysts. Thereafter, they underwent surgical excision of the cysts with Roux-en-Y reconstruction of the biliary tree; the results were successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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48
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Abstract
Effects of vagotomy on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) protein and mRNA levels in the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (DMV) and nucleus ambiguus (NA) of rats were examined by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) staining, brain NOS (bNOS) immunostaining and in situ hybridization. NADPH-d staining and bNOS immunoreactivity increased in neurons of the ipsilateral DMV and NA 5, 10, and 20 days after vagotomy. These changes were not observed in unoperated or sham-operated rats. In situ hybridization showed that bNOS mRNA levels were also elevated in neurons of DMV and NA on the operated side. Our results suggest that transection of vagal efferents up-regulates bNOS and its mRNA expression in the DMV and NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA
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49
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Placental (P)-cadherin is one of a family of cell adhesion molecules that participate in embryonic sorting and organogenesis. In previous work, P-cadherin was localized to Sertoli cells in the mouse testis as early as postnatal day 1. This early postnatal localization raised questions about when P-cadherin first appeared in the embryonic testis and whether P-cadherin was expressed differentially in the embryonic testis and ovary. METHODS The localization of P-cadherin, epithelial (E)-cadherin, and Müllerian inhibiting substance was determined in frozen sections of mouse gonads between embryonic days 10.5 and 18 using indirect immunohistochemistry. Alkaline phosphatase reactivity was used to identify germ cells. RESULTS The expression of P-cadherin was traced back to the indifferent stage of gonadogenesis where uniform distribution was observed in the indifferent gonad of both sexes. However, after sexual differentiation, the expression of P-cadherin in the testis was localized to Sertoli cells in the testicular cords, while its expression in the ovary fell below detectable levels. CONCLUSIONS The localization of P-cadherin in the male and female indifferent gonad is similar and cannot be used to distinguish the future testis and ovary. The localization of P-cadherin in the testis after sexual differentiation suggests a role for P-cadherin in testicular cord formation. The common temporal pattern of P-cadherin and Müllerian inhibiting substance expression in Sertoli cells is consistent with a shared regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus 43210, USA
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Shen YJ, Lin LH, Zhang LL. [Monitoring and prevention of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus]. Zhonghua Hu Li Za Zhi 1996; 31:593-4. [PMID: 9295538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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