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Liu X, Chen L, Peng W, Deng H, Ni H, Tong H, Hu H, Wang S, Qian J, Liang A, Chen K. Th17/Treg balance: the bloom and wane in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1356869. [PMID: 38558800 PMCID: PMC10978743 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1356869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a multi-organ dysfunction characterized by an unregulated host response to infection. It is associated with high morbidity, rapid disease progression, and high mortality. Current therapies mainly focus on symptomatic treatment, such as blood volume supplementation and antibiotic use, but their effectiveness is limited. Th17/Treg balance, based on its inflammatory property, plays a crucial role in determining the direction of the inflammatory response and the regression of organ damage in sepsis patients. This review provides a summary of the changes in T-helper (Th) 17 cell and regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation and function during sepsis, the heterogeneity of Th17/Treg balance in the inflammatory response, and the relationship between Th17/Treg balance and organ damage. Th17/Treg balance exerts significant control over the bloom and wanes in host inflammatory response throughout sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyong Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Longwang Chen
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Hongsheng Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Hongying Ni
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Hongjie Tong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Hangbo Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Shengchao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Jin Qian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Andong Liang
- Nursing Faculty, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
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Lu ZQ, Zhang C, Zhao LJ, Dong W, Lv L, Lu Y, Chen XY, Zhang J, Liu XY, Xiao Z, Chen LW, Yao YM, Zhao GJ. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 regulates dendritic cell tolerance in late polymicrobial sepsis via the nuclear factor kappa-B p65/β-catenin pathway. Burns Trauma 2024; 12:tkad025. [PMID: 38425412 PMCID: PMC10903637 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) are associated with poor prognosis of sepsis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been shown to have immunomodulatory effects. However, whether MMPs are involved in the functional reprogramming of DCs is unknown. The study aims to investigate the role of MMPs in sepsis-induced DCs tolerance and the potential mechanisms. Methods A murine model of late sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The expression levels of members of the MMP family were detected in sepsis-induced tolerogenic DCs by using microarray assessment. The potential roles and mechanisms underlying MMP8 in the differentiation, maturation and functional reprogramming of DCs during late sepsis were assessed both in vitro and in vivo. Results DCs from late septic mice expressed higher levels of MMP8, MMP9, MMP14, MMP19, MMP25 and MMP27, and MMP8 levels were the highest. MMP8 deficiency significantly alleviated sepsis-induced immune tolerance of DCs both in vivo and in vitro. Adoptive transfer of MMP8 knockdown post-septic bone marrow-derived DCs protected mice against sepsis-associated lethality and organ dysfunction, inhibited regulatory T-cell expansion and enhanced Th1 response. Furthermore, the effect of MMP8 on DC tolerance was found to be associated with the nuclear factor kappa-B p65/β-catenin pathway. Conclusions Increased MMP8 levels in septic DCs might serve as a negative feedback loop, thereby suppressing the proinflammatory response and inducing DC tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-qiu Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Fanhai West Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Fanhai West Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lin-jun Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Fanhai West Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Fanhai West Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Liang Lv
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Fanhai West Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huansha Road,Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Fanhai West Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Fanhai West Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xin-yong Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Fanhai West Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhong Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Fanhai West Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Long-wang Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Fanhai West Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yong-ming Yao
- Department of Rheumatology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Gu'an road, Ouhai district, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Guang-ju Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Fanhai West Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Chen LW, Li JY, Fan L. [Progress in treatment of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2024; 45:98-102. [PMID: 38527847 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121090-20230731-00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma originating from the thymus, which has different clinical and biological characteristics from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, NOS. PMBCL tends to occur in young women, usually presenting as a large anterior mediastinal mass. Most patients are in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ at the time of presentation. There is no standard prognostic scoring system for PMBCL. Immunochemotherapy is commonly used in the treatment of PMBCL, but the optimal first-line treatment has not been determined, and the status of radiotherapy is controversial. The value of PET-CT guided therapy needs to be further verified. Relapsed/refractory PMBCL has a poor prognosis, while novel therapies such as PD-1 inhibitors, brentuximab vedotin, and CAR-T can help improve survival in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Chen
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - J Y Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - L Fan
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
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Hong D, Ren Q, Zhang J, Dong F, Chen S, Dong W, Chen X, Chen L, Yao Y, Lu Z, Zhao G. A new criteria for acute on preexisting kidney dysfunction in critically ill patients. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2173498. [PMID: 36728812 PMCID: PMC9897760 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2173498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Critically ill patients with preexisting kidney dysfunction (PKD) are at high risk for acute kidney injury (AKI). Nevertheless, there is no criteria for screening and classifying AKI in patients with PKD. In this study, after assessing relationship between the change in SCr from baseline and in-hospital mortality, a new criteria, named APKD, for identifying AKI in PKD was proposed. APKD defined AKI in critically ill patients with PKD as an absolute increase of ≥ 0.2 mg/dL in SCr within 48 h or an increase in SCr ≥ 1.1 times over baseline within 7 d. APKD detected more AKI among PKD patients compared with the other criteria. Additionally, the AKI patients identified by APKD but missed by the other criteria had higher mortality than those without AKI. APKD shows higher sensitivities than KDIGO criteria in predicating in-hospital mortality. APKD, but not the KDIGO, is effective for staging the severity of AKI in patients with PKD. In conclusion, APKD is more effective in screening and classifying AKI in critically ill patients with PKD compared with the earlier criteria, and it may helpful in guiding clinical treatment and predicting prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejiang Hong
- Department of Emergency, Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Qinghuan Ren
- Alberta College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Fubo Dong
- Department of Emergency, Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Shiqiang Chen
- Department of Emergency, Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Emergency, Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Emergency, Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Longwang Chen
- Department of Emergency, Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Yongming Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China,Yongming Yao Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing100048, PR China
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Department of Emergency, Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China,Zhongqiu Lu Emergency Department, Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou325000, PR China
| | - Guangju Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China,CONTACT Guangju Zhao
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Ben M, Glinsky JV, Chu J, Spooren AI, Roberts S, Chen LW, Denis S, Lorusso M, Jorgensen V, Gollan EJ, Agostinello J, Van Laake-Geelen CCM, Lincoln C, Stolwijk JM, Bell C, Paddison S, Rainey D, Tranter K, Ilha J, Oostra K, Sherrington C, Harvey LA. Early and intensive Motor Training for people with spinal cord injuries (the SCI-MT Trial): description of the intervention. Spinal Cord 2023; 61:600-607. [PMID: 37468607 PMCID: PMC10645584 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-023-00911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Descriptive. OBJECTIVES The primary objective is to describe the intervention that will be provided in a large multi-centre randomised controlled trial titled: Early and Intensive Motor Training for people with Spinal Cord Injuries (the SCI-MT Trial). The secondary objective is to describe the strategies that will be used to operationalise and standardise the Motor Training provided to participants while keeping the intervention person-centred. METHODS The paper focuses on the rationale and principles of Motor Training for people with spinal cord injuries (SCI). The description of the intervention is based on the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist. Specifically, it addresses the following 6 criteria of the TIDieR checklist: why the effectiveness of Motor Training is being examined; what, how, where and when the Motor Training will be administered; and how much Motor Training will be provided. RESULTS A detailed intervention manual has been developed to help standardise the delivery of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS This paper describes the details of a complex intervention administered as part of a large randomised controlled trial. It will facilitate the subsequent interpretation of the trial results and enable the intervention to be reproduced in clinical practice and future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ben
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J V Glinsky
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Chu
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - S Roberts
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - L W Chen
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - S Denis
- The Prince of Wales Hospital, Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - M Lorusso
- I.R.C.C.S. Foundation Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - V Jorgensen
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesodden, Norway
| | - E J Gollan
- The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, QLD, Australia
| | - J Agostinello
- The Royal Talbot Rehabilitation Centre, Kew Vic, VIC, Australia
| | - C C M Van Laake-Geelen
- Adelante Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C Lincoln
- Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injures Unit, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - J M Stolwijk
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Bell
- Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, Repat Health Precinct, Daw Park, SA, Australia
| | - S Paddison
- London Spinal Cord Injury Centre, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Trust, Middlesex, UK
| | - D Rainey
- Royal Rehab, Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - K Tranter
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Ilha
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, College of Health and Sport Science, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - K Oostra
- Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Sherrington
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - L A Harvey
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Zhao GJ, Yang XY, Zhang C, Dong W, Dong FB, Zhang J, Chen XY, Yao RQ, Xiao Z, Chen LW, Yao YM, Lu ZQ. SUPPLEMENTATION WITH NICOTINAMIDE RIBOSIDE ATTENUATES T CELL EXHAUSTION AND IMPROVES SURVIVAL IN SEPSIS. Shock 2023; 60:238-247. [PMID: 37314209 PMCID: PMC10476598 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT T cell exhaustion is the main cause of sepsis-induced immunosuppression and is associated with the poor prognosis. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) is well known for its anti-aging effect, but its role in sepsis-induced T cell exhaustion remains to be elucidated. In the present study, using a classic septic animal model, we found that the levels of NAD + and its downstream molecule, which is sirtuins 1 (SIRT1), in T cells in sepsis were decreased. Supplementation with nicotinamide ribose (NR), the precursor of NAD + , right after cecal ligation and puncture significantly increased the levels of NAD + and SIRT1. Supplementation with NR alleviated the depletion of mononuclear cells and T lymphocytes in spleen in sepsis and increased the levels of CD3 + CD4 + and CD3 + CD8 + T cells. Interestingly, both Th1 and Th2 cells were expanded after NR treatment, but the balance of Th1/Th2 was partly restored. Nicotinamide ribose also inhibited the regulatory T cells expansion and programmed cell death 1 expression in CD4 + T cells in sepsis. In addition, the bacteria load, organ damage (lung, heart, liver, and kidney), and the mortality of septic mice were reduced after NR supplementation. In summary, these results demonstrate the beneficial effect of NR on sepsis and T cell exhaustion, which is associated with NAD + /SIRT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-ju Zhao
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xi-yu Yang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fu-bo Dong
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ren-qi Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Xiao
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Long-wang Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong-ming Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-qiu Lu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
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Xiao Z, Long J, Zhang J, Qiu Z, Zhang C, Liu H, Liu X, Wang K, Tang Y, Chen L, Lu Z, Zhao G. Administration of protopine prevents mitophagy and acute lung injury in sepsis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1104185. [PMID: 37361224 PMCID: PMC10285494 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1104185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sepsis is a severe life-threatening infection that induces a series of dysregulated physiologic responses and results in organ dysfunction. Acute lung injury (ALI), the primary cause of respiratory failure brought on by sepsis, does not have a specific therapy. Protopine (PTP) is an alkaloid with antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the function of PTP in septic ALI has not yet been documented. This work sought to investigate how PTP affected septic ALI and the mechanisms involved in septic lung damage, including inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitophagy. Methods: Here, we established a mouse model induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and a BEAS-2B cell model exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results: PTP treatment significantly reduced mortality in CLP mice. PTP mitigated lung damage and reduced apoptosis. Western blot analysis showed that PTP dramatically reduced the expression of the apoptosis-associated protein (Cleaved Caspase-3, Cyto C) and increased Bcl-2/Bax. In addition, PTP decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α), increased glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Meanwhile, PTP significantly reduced the expression of mitophagy-related proteins (PINK1, Parkin, LC-II), and downregulated mitophagy by transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, the cells were consistent with animal experiments. Discussion: PTP intervention reduced inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, restored mitochondrial membrane potential, and downregulated mitophagy. The research shows that PTP prevents excessivemitophagy and ALI in sepsis, suggesting that PTP has a potential role in the therapy of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Xiao
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
| | - Juan Long
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Qiu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
| | - Yahui Tang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
| | - Longwang Chen
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
| | - Guangju Zhao
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
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Chen LW, Wu QS, Dai XF, Dong Y, Li QZ, Fang GH, Zhang GC. [Early results of left ventricular assist device implantation for the treatment of heart failure]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 103:920-923. [PMID: 36973220 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20221121-02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-four male patients who underwent left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation due to advanced heart failure in Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University from June 2019 to June 2022 were retrospectively included. The age of patients was 32-61 (48.4±8.4) years. Everheat-Ⅰ, HeartCon and Corheart 6 left ventricular assist systems were used in 10, 6 and 8 cases, respectively. All patients were discharged successfully without mechanical failure, thrombosis or secondary thoracotomy for hemostasis. Early postoperative hemodynamics were significantly improved, left ventricular systolic diameter was reduced, left ventricular ejection fraction was gradually improved, and no hemolysis occurred. The patients were followed up for 3 to 39 (17.9±8.6) months, the cardiac function was restored to grade Ⅰ to Ⅱ, and the 6-minute walking test distance increased significantly. Therefore, satisfactory early results can be achieved with left ventricular assist device implantation for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Q S Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - X F Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Y Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Q Z Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - G H Fang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - G C Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350001, China
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9
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Wu Y, Chen L, Qiu Z, Zhang X, Zhao G, Lu Z. PINK1 protects against dendritic cell dysfunction during sepsis through the regulation of mitochondrial quality control. Mol Med 2023; 29:25. [PMID: 36809929 PMCID: PMC9945621 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cell (DC) dysfunction plays a central role in sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Recent research has indicated that collective mitochondrial fragmentation contributes to the dysfunction of immune cells observed during sepsis. PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) has been characterized as a guide for impaired mitochondria that can keep mitochondrial homeostasis. However, its role in the function of DCs during sepsis and the related mechanisms remain obscure. In our study, we elucidated the effect of PINK1 on DC function during sepsis and its underlying mechanism of action. METHODS Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment were used as in vivo and in vitro sepsis models, respectively. RESULTS We found that changes in mitochondrial PINK1 expression of DCs paralleled changes in DC function during sepsis. The ratio of DCs expressing MHC-II, CD86, and CD80, the mRNAs level of dendritic cells expressing TNF-α and IL-12, and the level of DC-mediated T-cell proliferation were all decreased, both in vivo and in vitro during sepsis, when PINK1 was knocked out. This suggested that PINK1 knockout prevented the function of DCs during sepsis. Furthermore, PINK1 knockout inhibited Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein (Parkin)-dependent mitophagy and enhanced dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-related mitochondrial fission, and the negative effects of PINK1 knockout on DC function following LPS treatment were reversed by Parkin activation and Drp1 inhibitor. Knockout of PINK1 also increased apoptosis of DCs and the mortality of CLP mice. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that PINK1 protected against DC dysfunction during sepsis through the regulation of mitochondrial quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shangcai Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Longwang Chen
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shangcai Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhimin Qiu
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shangcai Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xijing Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangju Zhao
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shangcai Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shangcai Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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10
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Liu X, Chen L, Zhang C, Dong W, Liu H, Xiao Z, Wang K, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Hong G, Lu Z, Zhao G. Ginkgolic acid promotes inflammation and macrophage apoptosis via SUMOylation and NF-κB pathways in sepsis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1108882. [PMID: 36743669 PMCID: PMC9892062 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1108882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive inflammation and increased apoptosis of macrophages contribute to organ damage and poor prognosis of sepsis. Ginkgolic acid (GA) is a natural constituent extracted from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, that can regulate inflammation and apoptosis. The present study aims to investigate the potential effect of GA in treating sepsis and its possible mechanisms. Materials and methods Here, a classic septic mice model and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 inflammation model were established. Cytokines in serum and culture supernatant were detected by ELISA, and the mRNA levels of them were examined by PCR. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to determine histopathological changes in liver, lung and kidney. Bacterial burden in the blood, peritoneal lavage fluids (PLFs) and organs were observed on Luria-Bertani agar medium. Flow cytometry and western blotting was used to detect apoptosis and the expression level of apoptosis related molecules, respectively. Moreover, the levels of SUMOylation were detected by western blotting. The activity of NF-κB p65 was assessed by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. Results The result showed that GA promoted inflammatory responses, reduced bacterial clearance, aggravated organ damage, and increased mortality in septic mice. GA increased apoptosis in peritoneal macrophages (PMs) and RAW 264.7 cells. Meanwhile, GA inhibited SUMOylation and increased the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 as well as its phosphorylation level. Conclusion Collectively, GA promotes inflammation and macrophage apoptosis in sepsis, which may be mediated by inhibiting the SUMOylation process and increasing NF-κB p65 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyong Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Longwang Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhong Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaolu Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yahui Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guangliang Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhongqiu Lu,
| | - Guangju Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China,Guangju Zhao,
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11
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Zhang J, Li WJ, Chen SQ, Chen Z, Zhang C, Ying R, Liu HB, Chen LW, Tang YH, Lu ZQ, Zhao GJ. Mutual promotion of mitochondrial fission and oxidative stress contributes to mitochondrial-DNA-mediated inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis. World J Emerg Med 2023; 14:209-216. [PMID: 37152539 PMCID: PMC10156520 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2023.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is one of the main causes of death in patients with paraquat (PQ) poisoning. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between mitochondrial fission and oxidative stress in PQ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and PF. METHODS C57BL/6 mice and MLE-12 cells were exposed to PQ to construct a PF model in vivo and in vitro. Histological changes in the lungs were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Mitochondrial morphology was detected by MitoTracker® Deep Red FM or transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to determine the expression of protein. The migration ability of the cells was detected by the cell scratch test. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) levels were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to detect cytokine levels. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by chemichromatometry. RESULTS PQ exposure caused EMT and PF in vivo and in vitro. PQ destroyed mitochondrial structure and enhanced the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), which were accompanied by oxidative stress. Inhibiting mitochondrial fission using mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1), a selective inhibitor of Drp1, attenuated PQ-induced EMT and oxidative damage. Treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, reduced Drp1 expression, attenuated mitochondrial structure damage and inhibited PQ-induced EMT and PF. Both Mdivi-1 and NAC treatment markedly suppressed mtDNA release, the expression of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and phosphorylation (P)-NF-κB p65 as well as cytokines (interleukin 6 [IL-6], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) production. CONCLUSION Mutual promotion of mitochondrial fission and oxidative stress contributes to EMT in PQ-induced PF, which is associated with the mtDNA/TLR9/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wen-jing Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shi-qiang Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ze Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ran Ying
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Hong-bing Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Long-wang Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ya-hui Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhong-qiu Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Zhong-qiu Lu,
| | - Guang-ju Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Corresponding Authors: Guang-ju Zhao, ;
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12
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Chen L, Liu X, Wang X, Lu Z, Ye Y. Berberine Alleviates Acute Lung Injury in Septic Mice by Modulating Treg/Th17 Homeostasis and Downregulating NF-κB Signaling. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1139-1151. [PMID: 37077411 PMCID: PMC10108910 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s401293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose A common complication of sepsis is acute lung injury (ALI), which is associated with an acute onset, rapid disease changes, and high mortality. Regulatory T (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells comprise CD4+ T cell subsets, which strongly influence inflammation during ALI. In this study, we investigated the effect of berberine (BBR), an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory drug, on the inflammatory response and immune state in mice with sepsis. Methods A mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was established. The mice were intragastrically administered 50 mg/kg BBR. We used histological techniques to evaluate inflammatory tissue injury and flow cytometry for analyzing Treg/Th17 levels. We also assessed NF-κB signaling pathways by Western blotting assays and immunofluorescence staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the content of cytokines. Results Treatment with BBR considerably mitigated lung injury while improving survival, post-cecal ligation, and puncture (CLP). Treatment with BBR ameliorated pulmonary edema and hypoxemia in septic mice and inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway. BBR also increased Treg cells and decreased Th17 proportions in the spleen and lung tissue of CLP-treated mice. Blocking Treg cells weakened the protective effect of BBR on sepsis-associated lung injury. Conclusion Overall, these results suggested that BBR is a potential therapeutic agent for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwang Chen
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuetao Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Wenzhou Longwan District First People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumei Ye
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yumei Ye, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +860577-5557-9410, Email
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13
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Lu Y, Liu X, Lin S, Chen P, Chen L, Zhao G. Stanniocalcin‐1 Attenuates
Collagen‐Induced
Arthritis through Inhibiting
STAT3
Phosphorylation and Th17 Response. Scand J Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, Wenzhou People's Hospital Wenzhou China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Emergency Department The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine Wenzhou China
| | - Suxian Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, Wenzhou People's Hospital Wenzhou China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Wenzhou People's Hospital Wenzhou China
| | - Longwang Chen
- Emergency Department The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine Wenzhou China
| | - Guangju Zhao
- Emergency Department The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine Wenzhou China
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14
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Lian J, Tan M, Chen L, Zhao G, Hong G, Lu Z. [Value of vascular endothelial-cadherin in evaluating the severity of patients with sepsis]. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 2022; 34:808-813. [PMID: 36177922 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121430-20210927-01408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the value of vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cad) in evaluating the severity of sepsis. METHODS A prospective study was conducted to select 85 patients with sepsis treated in the emergency ward of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from June 1, 2015 to November 1, 2017. The gender, age, medical history, first infection site, number of affected organs, laboratory indexes, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II), simplified acute physiology score II (SAPS II), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and the total length of stay, emergency intensive care unit (EICU) length of stay, 28-day at admission and survival during hospitalization were measured, and the VE-cad level within 24 hours at admission was measured. The patients were divided into sepsis group and septic shock group according to the progress of the disease. The patients were divided into multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) group and non MODS group according to whether they were accompanied by MODS. The differences of the above indexes in patients with different disease progression, MODS and different prognosis were analyzed and compared. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to evaluate the value of VE-cad in evaluating the severity of sepsis. RESULTS A total of 85 patients were included, mainly respiratory tract infection. Among them, 38 cases were sepsis and 47 cases were septic shock, 39 cases had MODS, 46 cases had no MODS, 64 cases survived and 21 cases died within 28 days after admission. Compared with sepsis group, the number of affected organs in septic shock group was greater [3 (2, 4) vs. 1 (0, 2)], APACHE II score [13 (10, 21) vs. 7 (5, 12)], SAPS II score [35 (31, 55) vs. 7 (5, 12)], SOFA score [7.0 (5.0, 10.0) vs. 3.0 (0, 5.0)], blood lactic acid [Lac (mmol/L): 3.5 (2.4, 6.2) vs. 1.9 (1.2, 2.2)], C-reactive protein [CRP (mg/L): 90.0 (58.1, 90.0) vs. 50.5 (38.0,90.0)] and VE-cad levels [mg/L: 1.427 (1.141, 2.150) vs. 1.195 (0.901, 1.688)] were significantly increased, while platelet count [PLT (×109/L): 113.4±67.2 vs. 202.5±109.5] and hemoglobin (Hb) levels (g/L: 106.3±36.3 vs. 118.6±18.0) were significantly decreased (all P < 0.05). Compared with non MODS group, APACHE II score [14 (10, 22) vs. 8 (6, 13)], SAPS II score [36 (32, 56) vs. 29 (24, 35)], SOFA score (7.9±3.9 vs. 4.0±3.8), in-hospital mortality [53.8% (21/39) vs. 0% (0/46)], Lac [mmol/L: 3.1 (2.3, 6.3) vs. 2.1 (1.4, 4.6)] and VE-cad levels [mg/L: 1.427 (1.156, 1.937) vs. 1.195 (0.897, 1.776)] in MODS group were significantly higher, the length of stay in EICU was significantly longer [days: 6 (3, 12) vs. 3 (0, 7)], and the PLT level was significantly lower (×109/L: 118.2±80.0 vs. 182.5±104.0, all P < 0.05). Compared with the death group, the number of affected organs in the survival group was fewer [2 (1, 3) vs. 3 (1, 5)], APACHE II score [9 (6, 13) vs. 21 (13, 25)], SAPS II score [31 (25, 36) vs. 55 (35, 63)] and SOFA score (4.7±3.7 vs. 8.9±4.5) were significantly reduced, and the length of stay in EICU [days: 4 (1, 8) vs. 8 (3, 15)] was significantly shorter (all P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that area under the ROC curve (AUC) of VE-cad, SOFA score and VE-cad combined with SOFA score in evaluating the severity of sepsis were 0.632 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.513-0.750], 0.830 (95%CI was 0.744-0.916) and 0.856 (95%CI was 0.779-0.933), respectively. When the cut-off value of VE-cad was 1.240 mg/L, the sensitivity was 68.1% and the specificity was 55.3%, the sensitivity of VE-cad combined with SOFA score was 85.1%, the specificity was 73.7%. CONCLUSIONS VE-cad has a certain evaluation value for the severity of sepsis, and the evaluation value of VE-cad combined with SOFA score is better than that of VE-cad single index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lian
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng Tan
- Department of Infection, Taizhou Enze Medical Center, Taizhou 317000, Zhejiang, China. Corresponding author: Lu Zhongqiu,
| | - Longwang Chen
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangju Zhao
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangliang Hong
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Zhao GJ, Jiang DW, Cai WC, Chen XY, Dong W, Chen LW, Hong GL, Wu B, Yao YM, Lu ZQ. CD71+ Erythroid Cell Expansion in Adult Sepsis: Potential Causes and Role in Prognosis and Nosocomial Infection Prediction. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830025. [PMID: 35251018 PMCID: PMC8896534 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune suppression contributes to nosocomial infections (NIs) and poor prognosis in sepsis. Recent studies revealed that CD71+ erythroid cells had unappreciated immunosuppressive functions. This study aimed to investigate the values of CD71+ erythroid cells (CECs) in predicting NIs and prognosis among adult septic patients. The potential factors associated with the expansion of CECs were also explored. Methods In total, 112 septic patients and 32 critically ill controls were enrolled. The frequencies of CD71+ cells, CD71+CD235a+ cells, and CD45+ CECs were measured by flow cytometry. The associations between CECs and NIs and 30-day mortality were assessed by ROC curve analysis and Cox and competing-risk regression models. Factors associated with the frequency of CECs were identified by linear regression analysis. Results The percentage of CD71+ cells, CECs, and CD45+ CECs were higher in septic patients than critically ill controls. In septic patients, the percentages of CD71+ cells, CECs, and CD45+ CECs were associated with NI development, while CD71+ cells and CECs were independently associated with 30-day mortality. Linear regression analysis showed that the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon (IFN)-γ were positively associated with the frequencies of CD71+ cells, CECs, and CD45+ CECs, while IL-10 was negatively associated with them. Additionally, the levels of red blood cells (RBCs) were negatively associated with the percentage of CD45+ CECs. Conclusions CECs were expanded in sepsis and can serve as independent predictors of the development of NI and 30-day mortality. Low levels of RBCs and high levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ may contribute to the expansion of CECs in sepsis. Trial Registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR1900024887. Registered 2 August 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=38645
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-ju Zhao
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dan-wei Jiang
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen-chao Cai
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Long-wang Chen
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guang-liang Hong
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong-ming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhong-qiu Lu, ; Yong-ming Yao,
| | - Zhong-qiu Lu
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhong-qiu Lu, ; Yong-ming Yao,
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16
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Zhang Y, Chen L, Luo Y, Wang K, Liu X, Xiao Z, Zhao G, Yao Y, Lu Z. Pink1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy Regulated the Apoptosis of Dendritic Cells in Sepsis. Inflammation 2022; 45:1374-1387. [PMID: 35129770 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are vital antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the immune system, whose apoptosis is closely related to the development of sepsis. Mitophagy is one of the necessary forms of selective autophagy that removes damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria to regulate immunity and inflammation. However, its effect on the apoptosis of DC in sepsis remains unknown. Here, we showed that sepsis activated the apoptosis and mitophagy of DC, and mitophagy had an anti-apoptotic effect on sepsis-induced DC apoptosis. In this study, we used cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to simulate the pathophysiological state of sepsis. Apoptosis and mitophagy of DC were significantly enhanced in CPL mice compared with controls, and in the Pink1-KO (Pink1-knockout) mice CLP model, the level of apoptosis in DC was further increased while the level of mitophagy was decreased. In addition, more severe mitochondrial dysfunction was exhibited in DC of Pink1-KO mice CLP model compared to wild-type (WT) mice. The results suggest that Pink1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is activated during sepsis and has an anti-apoptotic effect on DC, which regulates immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolu Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency & Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longwang Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency & Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinan Luo
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency & Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency & Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhong Xiao
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency & Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangju Zhao
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency & Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Emergency & Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Huang Z, Shi Y, Wang H, Chun C, Chen L, Wang K, Lu Z, Zhao Y, Li X. Protective Effects of Chitosan-Bilirubin Nanoparticles Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 16:8235-8250. [PMID: 34992363 PMCID: PMC8709796 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s344805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gastric ulcers (GU) are a disease of the gastrointestinal tract that can be caused by excessive alcohol consumption and heavy use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. GU manifests predominantly as pathological damage, such as extensive inflammatory erosion and superficial bleeding of the gastric mucosa. Oxidative stress damage and the inflammatory response are now considered important predisposing factors for GU, suggesting that antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs could be treatments for GU. Nanoparticle drug carriers offer many advantages over conventional drugs, such as improved drug efficiency, increased drug stability, and increased half-life. Methods We designed chitosan-bilirubin conjugate (CS-BR) nanoparticles and assessed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant abilities of CS-BR in gastric epithelial cells. Then, we evaluated the intragastric retention time and the anti-ulcer effects of CS-BR in vivo. Results The in vitro data showed that CS-BR nanoparticles protect gastric epithelial cells against oxidative/inflammatory injury. The in vivo study demonstrated that CS-BR nanoparticles accumulate permanently in the stomach and exert powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against GU. Conclusion This study applied bilirubin to the treatment of GU and confirmed that CS-BR nanoparticles are effective at alleviating acute GU in an experimental model. The findings provide innovative ideas for prophylaxis against or treatment of GU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Huang
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yannan Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengcai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Changju Chun
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Longwang Chen
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzheng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinze Li
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
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Dai S, Ye B, Chen L, Hong G, Zhao G, Lu Z. Emodin alleviates LPS-induced myocardial injury through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5203-5213. [PMID: 34131970 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial injury and cardiovascular dysfunction are serious consequences of sepsis and contribute to high mortality. Currently, the pathogenesis of myocardial injury in sepsis is still unclear, and therapeutic approaches are limited. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of emodin on septic myocardial injury and the underlying mechanism. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced C57BL/6 mice and cardiomyocytes were used as models of sepsis in vivo and in vitro, respectively. The results showed that emodin alleviated cardiac dysfunction, myocardial injury and improved survival rate in LPS-induced septic mice. Emodin attenuated the levels of inflammatory cytokines and cardiac inflammation induced by LPS. Emodin reduced NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and Gasdermin D (GSDMD) expression in the heart tissue of LPS-induced septic mice. In vitro, emodin alleviated LPS-induced cell injury and inflammation in cardiomyocytes by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In addition, an NLRP3 inhibitor was used to further confirm the function of the NLRP3 inflammasome in LPS-induced myocardial injury. Taken together, our findings suggest that emodin improves LPS-induced myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction by alleviating the inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte pyroptosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which provides a feasible strategy for preventing and treating myocardial injury in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Dai
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bozhi Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longwang Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangliang Hong
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangju Zhao
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
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Lian J, Chen CS, Fang JJ, Chen LW, Cai WC, Zhao GJ, Hong GL, Lu ZQ. [Role of Orai 1-mediated store-operated calcium entry in the immune function of CD4 + T cells in septic mice]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 101:504-510. [PMID: 33631896 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200616-01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the role of Orai1-mediated store-operated calcium entry in the immune damage of CD4+ T cells in septic mice. Methods: Sepsis mouse model was established by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP). Balb/c mice of clean grade were sacrificed 1, 3, and 5 days after operation. Spleen samples were harvested at given intervals. Splenic CD4+ T cells were selected by immunomagnetic beads and the expression of Orai1 protein was detected by western blotting, the storage operated calcium entry (SOCE) was detected by flow cytometry, the apoptosis of CD4+ T cells was detected by flow cytometry, the proliferation of CD4+ T cells was detected by CCK-8, and the IFN-γ and IL-4 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then the expression of Orai1 protein was regulated to further detect the SOCE and immune function of splenic CD4+ T cells in mice. The experiment was divided into 4 groups, sham group, CLP3 group, Orai1 down group (Orai1-down group) and Orai1 up regulation group (Orai1-up group). Results: The relative expression of Orai1 protein in splenic CD4+ T cells in sham group was 1.03±0.16. Compared with sham group, Orai1 protein levels in CLP Group were all significantly lower (F=19.64, P=0.000 5). The increased value of splenic CD4+ T cells fluorescence intensity in sham group was 494±41. Compared with sham group, the levels of SOCE in CLP Group were all lower (F=30.01, P=0.001). The ratio of early and late apoptosis of CD4+ T cells in sham group was 8.7%±1.5%. Compared with sham group, the early and late apoptosis rates of CLP Group were significantly higher (F=32.29, P=0.000 1). The OD of sham group was 0.81±0.10 at 450 nm. Compared with sham group, the proliferation ability of splenic CD4+ T cells in CLP Group were significantly decreased (F=7.26, P=0.001 8). Compared with sham group, the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 by CD4+ T cells and the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 in CLP Group were all significantly decreased (F=19.690, 6.183, 11.230, all P<0.05). Compared with CLP3 group, the increased value of fluorescence intensity of CD4+ T cells was significantly decreased, the early and late apoptosis ratio of CD4+ T cells was significantly increased, the OD450 nm value of CD4+ T cells was decreased, the multiplication capacity of splenic CD4+ T cells were decreased, the level of IFN-γ and IL-4 secreted by T cells were decreased, and the value of IFN-γ/IL-4 in orai1-down group was decreased (t=4.819, 7.952, 2.988, 28.760, 3.140, 7.670, all P<0.05). However, Orail-up group showed the opposite trend. Conclusion: Orai1-mediated store-operated calcium entry can alleviate the immune dysfunction of CD4+ T cells in septic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lian
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - C S Chen
- Xiangshan Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo 315700, China
| | - J J Fang
- Xiangshan Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo 315700, China
| | - L W Chen
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - W C Cai
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - G J Zhao
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - G L Hong
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Z Q Lu
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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20
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Chen LW, Chuang WY, Hsieh YC, Lin HH, Lin WC, Lin LJ, Chang SC, Lee TT. Effects of dietary supplementation with Taiwanese tea byproducts and probiotics on growth performance, lipid metabolism, and the immune response in red feather native chickens. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:393-404. [PMID: 32882776 PMCID: PMC7961192 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study compared the catechin composition of different tea byproducts and investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with green tea byproducts on the accumulation of abdominal fat, the modulation of lipid metabolism, and the inflammatory response in red feather native chickens. Methods Bioactive compounds were detected, and in vitro anti-obesity capacity analyzed via 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In animal experiments, 320 one-day-old red feather native chickens were divided into 4 treatment groups: control, basal diet supplemented with 0.5% Jinxuan byproduct (JBP), basal diet supplemented with 1% JBP, or basal diet supplemented with 5×106 colony-forming unit (CFU)/kg Bacillus amyloliquefaciens+5×106 CFU/kg Saccharomyces cerevisiae (BA+SC). Growth performance, serum characteristics, carcass characteristics, and the mRNA expression of selected genes were measured. Results This study compared several cultivars of tea, but Jinxuan showed the highest levels of the anti-obesity compound epigallocatechin gallate. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated with Jinxuan extract significantly reduced lipid accumulation. There were no significant differences in growth performance, serum characteristics, or carcass characteristics among the groups. However, in the 0.5% JBP group, mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were significantly decreased. In the 1% JBP group, FAS, ACC and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ levels were significantly decreased. Moreover, inflammation-related mRNA expression levels were decreased by the addition of JBP. Conclusion JBP contained abundant catechins and related bioactive compounds, which reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, however there was no significant reduction in abdominal fat. This may be due to a lack of active anti-obesity compounds or because the major changes in fat metabolism were not in the abdomen. Nonetheless, lipogenesis-related and inflammation-related mRNA expression were reduced in the 1% JBP group. In addition, dietary supplementation with tea byproducts could reduce the massive amount of byproducts created during tea production and modulate lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - W Y Chuang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Y C Hsieh
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - H H Lin
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - W C Lin
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - L J Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - S C Chang
- Kaohsiung Animal Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, 912, Taiwan
| | - T T Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
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21
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Guo XY, Yang X, Gu XR, Zhuo SJ, Chen LW, Da LJ, Ma D. Formation and Development of Environmental Forensics System in China. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 36:437-444. [PMID: 33047522 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the growing attention on ecological environment problems and gradual realization of ecological environment value, environmental damage has jumped from administrative penalty to a new stage, judicial penalty, and environmental damage appraisal has provided a legal weapon to safeguard ecological security. As a new forensic category of China with high comprehensiveness and technical difficulty, environmental damage appraisal involves diversified and complex subjects, fields and appraisal objects, and is still in an early stage in terms of theory and practice. This study aims to provide an important reference for the improvement of the Chinese environmental damage appraisal system of environmental damage by summarizing advanced international experience in areas such as laws and regulations, working mechanism and technical system, and putting forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions based on the problems existing in the development and practice of environmental damage appraisal in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - X Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - X R Gu
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - S J Zhuo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - L W Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - L J Da
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai 200241, China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China
| | - D Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
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22
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Li MF, Hu XY, Chen LW, Lian J, Zhao GJ, Hong GL, Lu ZQ. [Baicalin regulates STIM1-mediated calcium overload and reduces apoptosis of cardiomyocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 99:3176-3182. [PMID: 31694111 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.40.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the protective effect of Baicalin on apoptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide in H9C2 cardiomyocytes and its possible mechanism. Methods: In order to establish apoptosis model of H9C2 cardiomyocytes, H9C2 cardiomyocytes were cultured and divided into four groups: the control group; the baicalin group was treated with baicalin at the final concentration of 10μmol/L for 12 hours; the LPS group was stimulated with LPS at the final concentration of 1 μg/ml for 6 hours; The LPS+baicalin group was stimulated with LPS at the final concentration of 1 μg/ml for 6 hours within treated with baicalin at the final concentration of 10μmol/L for 12 hours. Collecting cell samples, CCK-8 (The Cell Counting Kit-8) was used to detect cell activity, and Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl Transferase Mediated Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) was used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis. Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy was used to detect the expression levels of store-operated calcium entry in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of STIM1, cleaved-caspase3, Bax and Bcl-2. Fluorogenic quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression level of STIM1. Results: Compared with the control group, LPS-induced H9C2 cardiomyocyte survival rate decreased (P<0.05), the expression level of apoptosis increased (P<0.05), the internal flow of calcium increased (P<0.05), the expression levels of cleaved-caspase3, Bax protein levels increased (P<0.05), Bcl-2 protein level decreased (P<0.05), the expression of STIM1 mRNA and protein level increased (P<0.05). Compared with LPS group, the survival rate of H9C2 cardiomyocytes in baicalin intervention group increased (P<0.05), the expression level of apoptosis decreased (P<0.05), the internal flow of calcium decreased (P<0.05), the expression levels of cleaved-caspase3, Bax protein decreased (P<0.05), and the level of Bcl-2 protein increased (P<0.05), the expression of STIM1 mRNA and protein level decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Baicalin may alleviate LPS-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by alleviating calcium overload, and improve cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Li
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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23
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Zhang H, Liu HJ, Huang WH, Chen LW. [Characteristics of pulmonary vascular remodeling in rat model of pulmonary hypertension in left heart disease]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 98:2269-2274. [PMID: 30078284 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2018.28.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate pulmonary vascular remodeling in rat model of pulmonary hypertension in left heart disease (PH-LHD). Methods: A total of 66 male minor Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group (n=6), sham operation group (n=6) and model group (n=54). The rats in the control group entered the experimental procedure immediately without any treatment, and the rats in the sham operation group entered the experimental procedure 64 days after sham operation, and the rats in model group entered the experimental procedure (6 rats each) on day 1, day 3, day 5, day 8, day 15, day 22, day 36, day 50 and day 64 respectively after supracoronary aortic banding successfully. The lung tissue was fixed and cut and made into pathological sections to observe the characteristics of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Results: Medial thickening was mainly observed in pulmonary arterioles with diameter <100 μm [(11.17±1.03)%]. Additionally, medial thickening was seen in pulmonary arterioles with diameter 50-100 μm and 20-50 μm from day 15 [(12.73±1.15)%] and day 50 [(14.53±1.53)%], respectively. Medial muscularize of pulmonary arterioles were mainly observed in arterioles with diameter 20-50 μm, and deteriorated with time. Reduced pulmonary arteriole lumen size were observed with diameter 20-50 μm since day 50 (P<0.05). Conclusion: Pulmonary arteries with diameter >100 μm have little effect on the reconstruction of pulmonary vessels in PH-LHD rat model. However, arterioles with diameter 20-50 μm and 50-100 μm are the most important vessels involved in the formation of pulmonary hypertension, especially 20-50 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
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Chen L, Lu Y, Zhao L, Hu L, Qiu Q, Zhang Z, Li M, Hong G, Wu B, Zhao G, Lu Z. Curcumin attenuates sepsis-induced acute organ dysfunction by preventing inflammation and enhancing the suppressive function of Tregs. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:1-7. [PMID: 29778842 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by the extensive release of cytokines and other mediators. It results in a dysregulated immune response and can lead to organ damage and death. Curcumin has anti-inflammatory properties and immunoregulation functions in various disorders such as sepsis, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, lung fibrosis, gallstone formation, and diabetes. This paper investigates the effects of curcumin on immune status and inflammatory response in mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Inflammatory tissue injury was evaluated by histological observation. Magnetic microbeads were used to isolate splenic CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells (Tregs), and phenotypes were then analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of Foxp3 were detected by Western blot and real-time PCR and cytokine levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found that the administration of curcumin significantly alleviated inflammatory injury of the lung and kidney in septic mice. The suppressive function of Treg cells was enhanced and the plasma levels of IL-10 increased after treatment with curcumin. Furthermore, the secretion of plasma TNF-α and IL-6 was notably inhibited in septic mice treated with curcumin and administration with curcumin could improve survival after CLP. These data suggest that curcumin could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwang Chen
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Linjun Zhao
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lili Hu
- Central Blood Station of Wenzhou, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qiaomeng Qiu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhuoling Zhang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Mengfang Li
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Guangliang Hong
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Guangju Zhao
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; College of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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25
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Yin HL, Yin J, Chen LW, Li N, Liu ZA, Hu ZB, Shen HB. [Clinical value of classified detection of circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood of NSCLC patients]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2017; 38:677-81. [PMID: 27647400 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical value of detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) classified by epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in peripheral blood of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Peripheral blood samples (7.5 ml each time) were collected from 47 NSCLC patients. Among them, blood samples were collected at the end of each therapy-cycle in three patients for longitudinal monitoring of CTCs. CTCs were enriched by the depletion of leucocytes using a magnetic bead separation technique, stained with EpCAM, cytokeratin 7/8 and their isotypic control antibodies, respectively, and then identified and counted by multi-parameter flow cytometry. RESULTS In the blood samples from 47 patients, EpCAM-positive CTCs were detected in 64.3%(9/14), 40.0%(4/10) and 43.5%(10/23) of patients in stages Ⅰ-Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ, respectively. EpCAM-negative CTCs were detected in 78.6%(11/14), 90.0%(9/10) and 91.3%(21/23) of patients in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ, respectively. The total detection rates of EpCAM-positive and EpCAM-negative CTCs were 48.9%(23/47) and 87.2%(41/47), respectively, showing a statistically significant difference between them (P<0.001). According to the stage of the cancer, there was a significant difference between the detection rates of the two types of CTCs in patients of stage Ⅳ(P=0.001), but not in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P>0.05). The number of EpCAM-negative CTCs was significantly higher than that of EpCAM-positive CTCs in all stages (P<0.05). The frequency of patients with the percentage of EpCAM-negative CTCs >90% was significantly higher in stage Ⅳ patients than that in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ cases (P=0.030), while the frequency of patients with the percentage of EpCAM-negative CTCs between 50%~90% was significantly lower in the stage Ⅳ than that in the stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients (P=0.001). The treatment of most patients with EpCAM-negative CTCs >50% showed to be ineffective (P=0.033). CONCLUSION Detection of CTCs classified by EpCAM in peripheral blood is helpful in evaluating the distant metastasis and treatment effectiveness of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - J Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - L W Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - N Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Z A Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Z B Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - H B Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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Chen LW, Zhu LL, Ji Q, Zhu H, Ren YZ, Fan ZG, Li XB, Gao XF, Zhang YJ, Tian NL. [Relationship between myocardial microRNA-30a expression and myocardial fibrosis in rats post myocardial infarction]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2017; 44:443-9. [PMID: 27220582 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the potential role and mechanism of microRNA(miR)-30a in myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS Rats were randomly divided into 1 week MI group (n=11), 2 weeks MI group (n=13) and 4 weeks MI group (n=15) by applying random number table after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Rats in Sham group were examined at respective time points (n=16). Heart function was monitored by echocardiography. Myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF) was determined on Masson stained sections. Myocardial expression of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ was determined by immunohistochemistry. The myocardial mRNA level of miR-30a, TGF-β1 and CTGF were detected by real time-quantitative PCR analysis. The myocardial protein levels of TGF-β1 and CTGF were measured by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The LVEDD ((8.37±0.58) mm) and LVESD ((6.12±0.82) mm) in 4 weeks MI group were significantly higher than those in Sham group ((6.08±0.57) mm, (4.17±0.60) mm), all P<0.01. The FS ((27.0±3.9) %) and LVEF ((51.0±6.3) %) in 4 weeks MI group were significantly lower than those in Sham group ((47.0±2.1) %, (82.0±2.3)%), all P<0.01. The level of myocardial CVF in 1 week MI group, 2 weeks MI group and 4 weeks MI group were significantly higher than in Sham group (all P<0.01) in a time-dependent manner. The level of myocardial collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ was increased gradually from 1 week to 4 weeks post MI compared with Sham group (all P<0.01). The collagen Ⅰ/Ⅲ ratio was similar between 1 week MI group and Sham group (P=0.58), however, which was significantly higher in 2 weeks MI group and 4 weeks MI group compared with Sham group (all P<0.01), and the ratio was significantly higher in 4 weeks MI group than 2 weeks MI group (P<0.01). The level of miR-30a was significantly and gradually reduced in all MI groups compared with Sham group (all P<0.01). The mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1 and CTGF were significantly and gradually increased after MI compared with Sham group (all P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that overexpression of miR-30a after MI might be a potential strategy for suppressing myocardial fibrosis by modulating the mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1 and CTGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
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Guo R, Chen L, Lian J, Wu B, Hong G, Ge Y, Liu Y, Qiu Q, Lu Z. [The protective effect of regulation of paraoxonase 1 gene on liver oxidative stress injury induced by dichlorvos poisoning in mice]. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 2016; 27:285-90. [PMID: 25891459 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4352.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene against liver oxidative stress injury in mice due to dichlorvos poisoning. METHODS Experiment 1: 12 male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into three groups, with 4 mice in each group: control group, green fluorescent protein lentivirus control group (Lv-GFP group), and recombinant PON1 lentivirus group (Lv-PON1 group). 2 × 10⁷ TU of Lv-GFP or Lv-PON1 was transfected via tail vein, while normal saline was given to those in control group. Blood was collected on 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 days via fundus venous plexus for the assay of serum PON1 activity. PON1 mRNA and protein expression levels were respectively determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western Blot on the 3rd post-lentivirus transfection day. Experiment 2: according to the random number table method, another 96 male Balb/c mice were divided into four groups of 24 mice in each control group, dichlorvos group, Lv-GFP intervention group, and Lv-PON1 intervention group. Lv-GFP or Lv-PON1 was transfected via tail vein followed by intraperitoneal injection of dichlorvos 9 mg/kg, while those in control group were given normal saline. Six mice in each group were sacrificed respectively at 6, 12, 24, 48 hours, and liver tissue was collected. PON1 mRNA and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA expression levels were determined by RT-PCR, and PON1 protein level was determined by Western Blot. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in the liver tissue were determined by chemical colorimetry. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured by double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Experiment 1: after Lv-PON1 was transfected to normal mice, PON1 activity in serum gradually increased and maintained a high level on 3rd day, while that of the control group and Lv-GFP group showed a normal low level. On the 3rd post-lentivirus transfection day, PON1 mRNA and PON1 protein expressions in liver were significantly higher than those of control group and Lv-GFP group. Experiment 2: compared with control group, the mice in dichlorvos group showed significant decreases in PON1 mRNA, PON1 protein, Nrf2 mRNA as well as GSH, SOD, CAT levels at 6 hours [PON1 mRNA (gray value): 0.237 ± 0.075 vs. 0.674 ± 0.011, PON1 protein (gray value): 0.602 ± 0.086 vs. 0.998 ± 0.124, Nrf2 mRNA (gray value): 0.089 ± 0.012 vs. 0.126 ± 0.010, GSH (mg/g): 3.84 ± 0.33 vs. 5.52 ± 0.40, SOD (μg/g): 0.383 ± 0.040 vs. 0.564 ± 0.052, CAT (ng/g): 7.32 ± 1.28 vs. 12.46 ± 1.54, all P < 0.05 ], and remarkable increase in MDA content (nmol/g: 7.78 ± 0.41 vs. 2.34 ± 0.25, P < 0.05). With the extension of time, PON1 mRNA, PON1 protein, Nrf2 mRNA and GSH, SOD, CAT levels gradually increased, MDA content gradually decreased, Nrf2 mRNA expression level had risen to the level of control group at 24 hours (0.133 ± 0.019 vs. 0.126 ± 0.009, P > 0.05), and it was higher than that of the control group at 48 hours ( 0.206 ± 0.028 vs. 0.124 ± 0.010, P < 0.05). Compared with that of the dichlorvos group, Lv-PON1 intervention group showed a significant increase in PON1 mRNA, PON1 protein, Nrf2 mRNA and GSH, SOD, CAT levels [PON1 mRNA (gray value): 0.726 ± 0.021 vs. 0.237 ± 0.075, PON1 protein (gray value): 0.739 ± 0.050 vs. 0.602 ± 0.086, Nrf2 mRNA (gray value): 0.158 ± 0.007 vs. 0.089 ± 0.012, GSH (mg/g): 4.30 ± 0.22 vs. 3.84 ± 0.33, SOD ( μg/g): 0.454 ± 0.062 vs. 0.383 ± 0.040, CAT (ng/g): 8.98 ± 1.02 vs. 7.32 ± 1.28, all P < 0.05 ], and a decrease in MDA content (nmol/g: 6.56 ± 0.44 vs. 7.78 ± 0.41, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Regulation of PON1 gene can reduce MDA content, enhance SOD and CAT activities, increase GSH content, and it may also up-regulate Nrf2 mRNA expression to play a protective effect against oxidative stress of liver injury induced by dichlorvos poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Guo
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China. Corresponding author: Lu Zhongqiu,
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Li S, Zhao G, Chen L, Ding Y, Lian J, Hong G, Lu Z. Resveratrol protects mice from paraquat-induced lung injury: The important role of SIRT1 and NRF2 antioxidant pathways. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1833-8. [PMID: 26708779 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) acts via the deacetylation of a number of crucial transcription factors and has been implicated in various biological processes, including oxidative stress. Previous studies have indicated that nuclear factor, erythroid 2‑like 2 (NRF2) is an effective target of antioxidant therapy for paraquat (PQ) poisoning. However, the association between SIRT1 and NRF2 and their effects in PQ‑induced oxidative stress remains to be elucidated. The current study demonstrated that PQ exposure upregulated the expression of SIRT1 and NRF2 following 6‑ and 24‑h exposure in the lungs of mice. However, long‑term exposure to PQ significantly decreased the expression of SIRT1 and NRF2. Resveratrol is a SIRT1 activator, and strongly enhanced SIRT1 expression and attenuated the lung injury resulting from PQ exposure in the current study. Additionally, treatment with resveratrol upregulated the expression of NRF2 and glutathione, increased the activity of heme oxygenase‑1, superoxide dismutase and catalase, but depleted the expression of malondialdehyde. The present results demonstrated that resveratrol reduced PQ‑induced oxidative stress and lung injury, potentially through the positive feedback signaling loop between SIRT1 and NRF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqin Li
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Guangju Zhao
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Longwang Chen
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yinwei Ding
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Lian
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Guangliang Hong
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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Liu J, Chen LW, Ji KM, Yu L, Zhang ZJ. An endurance-enhancing effect of peanut meal protein hydrolysate in mice: possible involvement of a specific peanut peptide. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2013; 98:830-7. [PMID: 24164258 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To improve the functional properties of peanut meal protein for wide utilization, hydrolysis was conducted by alcalase. Compared with saline and peanut meal protein, intragastric administration of low molecular weight (<1 kD) peanut meal peptide (PPH I) could significantly prolong swimming time, increase levels of blood sugar, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and liver glycogen and decrease blood lactate content in mice. Levels of Pro, Leu, Val and His in low molecular weight peanut meal peptides were higher significantly than those in other peanut meal protein hydrolysates. Hydrophobic amino acids, such as Pro, Tyr and His, could perhaps capture free radical and increase antioxidant capacity of peanut peptide and retard fatigue induced by free radical. After separation by HPLC, a primary peptide P1, Pro-Glu-Ile-Glu-Val, was sequenced. Its N-terminal was Val, and it was rich in antioxidant amino acid, Pro and Ile. Levels of plasma glucose, NEFA and liver glycogen in PPH I group were higher than those in mice intragastric administration with peptide P1, and the swimming time is longer in PPH I group than in P1 group. So, the high content of P1 was one of the reason why PPH I had high endurance-enhancing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shi Jiazhuang, China
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Chen LW, Wang JL, Zhang LY, Yang SM, Li CS, Yu N, Zhao W JD, Zhao LD, Li K, Liu MB, Zhai SQ. Establishment of an animal model of spontaneous cervical lymph node metastasis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and obtaining laryngocarcinoma cells with high metastatic potential. Neoplasma 2013; 60:504-10. [PMID: 23790168 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2013_065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To establish an animal model of spontaneous cervical lymph node metastasis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and obtain laryngocarcinoma cells with high metastatic potential, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line HEP-2 in logarithmic phase were inoculated under the lingual margin mucosa of nude mice. HEP-2 cells metastasized to the cervical lymph nodes were isolated, cultured, and re-inoculated under the lingual margin mucosa of nude mice twice. The tumor formation in the tongue and in the cervical lymph nodes was confirmed by pathological examination. Carcinoma cells' ability of invasion and migration was detected by transwell assay. Human specific Alu sequences were detected by PCR, which indicated that the tumor cells originated from human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line HEP-2. Finally, an animal model of spontaneous lymph node metastasis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma was successfully established. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells with high metastatic potential to lymph nodes were obtained through repeated inoculations. .
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Ng OTW, Chen LW, Chan YS, Yung KKL. Small interfering RNA specific for N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B offers neuroprotection to dopamine neurons through activation of MAP kinase. Neurosignals 2012; 21:42-54. [PMID: 22377595 DOI: 10.1159/000334720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B (NR2B)-specific siRNA was applied in parkinsonian models. Our previous results showed that reduction in expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 (NR1), the key subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, by antisense oligos ameliorated the motor symptoms in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat, an animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia T W Ng
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
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Chu JMT, Chen LW, Chan YS, Yung KKL. Neuroprotective effects of neurokinin receptor one in dopaminergic neurons are mediated through Akt/PKB cell signaling pathway. Neuropharmacology 2011; 61:1389-98. [PMID: 21907219 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurokinin one (NK1) receptor is Substance P (SP) receptor and it is abundantly distributed in the basal ganglia. Growing evidences were shown on their possible roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). NK1 receptor is a kind of G-protein-coupled-receptor (GPCR) and it links to various downstream survival signaling pathways. In the present study, treatment of NK1 receptor agonist septide [(Pyr6, Pro9)-SP (6-11)] was found to ameliorate the motor deficit in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rats in apomorphine rotation test. Septide treatments were also demonstrated to provide neuroprotection. In 6-OHDA lesioned rats, protection of TH immunoreactive neurons and terminals in substantia nigra (SN) and striatum was found after septide treatment. In SH-SY5Y cultures, cytotoxicity of 6-OHDA was reduced by septide pretreatment. In addition, up-regulations of phosphorylated serine-threonine kinase Akt and phosphorylated mitochondrial apoptotic protein BAD were observed in both in vivo and in vitro models, indicating the inhibition of apoptotic pathway by septide. In conclusion, septide could trigger the pro-survival Akt/PKB signaling pathway and protect dopaminergic neurons in in vivo and in vitro models against 6-OHDA toxicity. Therefore septide treatment may have therapeutic implications in treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M T Chu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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Lin Z, Shan ZG, Liao CX, Chen LW. The effect of microwave and bipolar radio-frequency ablation in the surgical treatment of permanent atrial fibrillation during valve surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 59:460-4. [PMID: 21692021 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1271146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequent problem in patients undergoing valve surgery. This study compared microwave and bipolar radio-frequency ablation of the left atrium in AF patients undergoing valve surgery. METHODS Patients who required left atrial ablation for permanent AF (duration > 6 months) during valve surgery were randomized to a microwave group (n = 94) or a radio-frequency group (n = 93). Regular follow-up was carried out at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-procedure and annually thereafter. RESULTS There were 4 postoperative deaths in the microwave group and 2 in the radio-frequency group. The median follow-up for all patients was 24.0 months (range: 12-36.0 months). Freedom from AF recurrence was significantly higher in the radio-frequency group than in the microwave group at 3 months (85.7 vs. 72.2 %, P = 0.026), 6 months (87.9 vs. 73.3 %%, P = 0.013), 9 months (84.6 vs. 68.9 %, P = 0.012), 12 months (84.6 vs. 67.8 %%, P = 0.008), and 24 months (88.7 vs. 71.2 %, P = 0.022) and at the latest follow-up (81.3 vs. 65.6 %, P = 0.016). CONCLUSION Bipolar radio-frequency ablation is superior to microwave ablation for the treatment of permanent AF in patients undergoing valve surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lin
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Chen LW, Chien RN, Fang KM, Yen CL, Chang JJ, Lee TS, Liu CJ. Elucidating therapeutic effects on patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and main portal vein thrombosis. Hepatogastroenterology 2010; 57:228-231. [PMID: 20583418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The survival duration for patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with main portal vein thrombosis (MPVT) was usually less than 3 months. The aim of this study is to elucidate whether treatment can prolong the survival for such patients. METHODOLOGY Retrospectively we analyzed the clinical features and outcomes of 63 patients with HCC and MPVT over a 7-year period. Three therapeutic modalities--transcatheter arterial chemotherapy (TAC) with or without radiotherapy (RT), and systemic chemotherapy--were applied. RESULTS The patients were divided into two groups: 34 (54%) patients were treated, while the remaining 29 (46%) were not. Multivariate analysis revealed that Child-Pugh class, Okuda stage for HCC and the presence of treatment were the principal factors to predict survival. The survival was significantly longer in treated patients than those untreated both in the Child-Pugh class A or B patients. Significantly longer survival is evident in patients treated by TAC combing RT compared to those underwent TAC alone, systemic chemotherapy or no treatment. CONCLUSIONS The survival of Child-Pugh class A or B patients can be extended by the use of an appropriate therapeutic modality. TAC combined with RT did the best benefit to prolong survival in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Chen
- Liver Research Unit, Chang-Gung University and Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
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Chen LW, Meng K, Zhang Y. [Application of the wavelet transform in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2009; 29:1168-1171. [PMID: 19650445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
With the development of ultrafast laser technique and deeper understanding of the terahertz (THz)electromagnetic wave, THz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS)has become a novel and rapidly developed technique. It has been applied in many fields such as biomedical diagnostics, semiconductor wafer diagnostics, and inspection of artwork However, the achieved spectrum will exhibit strong oscillations when it is measured in air environment due to the absorption of water vapor. In the present paper, spectra in the range of 0.2-1.9 THz for seven kinds of samples were measured by THz-TDs in both nitrogen and air environment. The wavelet transform was used to process the data measured in the air environment to eliminate the influence of water vapor. The feasibility of this method was demonstrated by the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-wang Chen
- Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing Key Lab for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China.
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Zhu RX, Potts R, Pan YX, Yao HT, Lü LQ, Zhao X, Gao X, Chen LW, Gao F, Deng CL. Early evidence of the genus Homo in East Asia. J Hum Evol 2008; 55:1075-85. [PMID: 18842287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2007] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The timing and route of the earliest dispersal from Africa to Eastern Asia are contentious topics in the study of early human evolution because Asian hominin fossil sites with precise age constraints are very limited. Here we report new high-resolution magnetostratigraphic results that place stringent age controls on excavated hominin incisors and stone tools from the Yuanmou Basin, southwest China. The hominin-bearing layer resides in a reverse polarity magnetozone just above the upper boundary of the Olduvai subchron, yielding an estimated age of 1.7Ma. The finding represents the age of the earliest documented presence of Homo, with affinities to Homo erectus, in mainland East Asia. This age estimate is roughly the same as for H. erectus in island Southeast Asia and immediately prior to the oldest archaeological evidence in northeast Asia. Mammalian fauna and pollen obtained directly from the hominin site indicate that the Yuanmou hominins lived in a varied habitat of open vegetation with patches of bushland and forest on an alluvial fan close to a lake or swamp. The age and location are consistent with a rapid southern migration route of initial hominin populations into Eastern Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R X Zhu
- Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory (SKL-LE), Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
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Wang JH, Zhang WP, Liu HX, Wang D, Li YF, Wang WQ, Wang L, He FR, Wang Z, Yan QG, Chen LW, Huang GS. Detection of human parvovirus B19 in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2008; 98:611-8. [PMID: 18212749 PMCID: PMC2243166 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate whether parvovirus B19, a common human pathogen, was also involved in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), 112 paraffin-embedded thyroid specimens of benign nodules, papillary, medullary and follicular carcinomas, and normal controls were examined for B19 DNA and capsid protein by nested PCR, in situ hybridisation (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was investigated by IHC. The results showed B19 DNA commonly exists in human thyroid tissues; however, there were significant differences between PTC group and normal controls, and between PTC and nonneoplastic adjacent tissues (P<0.001). The presence of viral DNA in PTC neoplastic epithelium was confirmed by laser-capture microdissection and sequencing of nested PCR products. B19 capsid protein in PTC group was significantly higher than that of all the control groups and nonneoplastic adjacent tissues (P⩽0.001). Compared with control groups, the activation of NF-κB in PTC group was significantly increased (P⩽0.02), except for medullary carcinomas, and the activation of NF-κB was correlated with the viral protein presence (P=0.002). Moreover, NF-κB was colocalised with B19 DNA in the neoplastic epithelium of PTC by double staining of IHC and ISH. These results indicate for the first time a possible role of B19 in pathogenesis of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Chung EKY, Chen LW, Chan YS, Yung KKL. Up-regulation in expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 3 in substantia nigra but not in striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Neurosignals 2007; 15:238-48. [PMID: 17435391 DOI: 10.1159/000101704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Overactivity of the glutamatergic system is suggested to be closely related to the onset and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT1, T2 and T3) are a group of glutamate transporters in neurons that are responsible for transporting glutamate into synaptic vesicles and they are key elements for homeostasis of glutamate neurotransmission. The present study was aimed to investigate the expression of VGLUT1, T2 and T3 proteins after the onset of Parkinson's disease. A rat model of Parkinson's disease, the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat, was employed. Immunocytochemistry revealed that VGLUT1, T2 and T3 immunoreactivity was not modulated in the striatum of the lesioned rat. Western blotting analyses also showed that there was no change in the expression of T1, T2 and T3 proteins in the striatum. In contrast, no VGLUT1 protein was detected in the substantia nigra. After the lesion, levels of VGLUT2 immunoreactivity and protein were not modulated. Significant increase of VGLUT3 immunoreactivity was observed in the perikarya of GABAergic substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons (+14.7%) although VGLUT3 protein was not modulated in the nigral tissues. VGLUT3 in GABAergic neurons is suggested to play a role in GABA synthesis. The present results may therefore implicate that VGLUT1 and T2 are not modulated in the striatum and the substantia nigra of the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat and only VGLUT3 plays a role in pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Y Chung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, PR China
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Lui PW, Yeung CW, Yung WH, Shi Y, Chen LW, Chan YS, Yung KKL. Ablation of gene expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor one by antisense oligonucleotides in striatal neurons in culture. Neurosignals 2006; 14:303-16. [PMID: 16772733 DOI: 10.1159/000093045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2005] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a twenty-mer antisense oligonucleotide specific for N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor one (ANR1) was applied to striatal neurons in primary cell culture. The ANR1 was found to be specific and nontoxic. Significant reductions in expression of NR1 mRNA and proteins were resulted after a single dose of ANR1 transcripts. Interestingly, there were reductions in total NR1 proteins but two phosphorylated forms of NR1 proteins at serine 896 and 897 residues were not reduced. There was also no change in the pattern of distribution of NR1 immunoreactivity in the striatal neurons. In addition, significant reductions of NMDA-mediated peak inward current were found after application of a higher concentration of ANR1 (20-100 microM) by patch clamp recordings. The present results indicate that ANR1 is a useful agent in reducing NMDA receptor functions. The present data thus provide detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms to explain our previous findings of amelioration of motor symptoms in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. More importantly, application of ANR1 was also found to display neuroprotective effects of striatal neurons against NMDA-induced excitotoxic cell death. The findings have implications in development of new approach in prevention of cell death in neurodegenerative diseases and new treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Lui
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, PR China
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Abstract
Splenic tumours are occasionally found during routine physical check-ups or elective abdominal image studies. Histologically, most splenic tumours are of benign vascular origin. To avoid unnecessary surgery for asymptomatic patients with benign splenic tumours and clarify the clinicopathological features of spleen tumours, this study gathered 44 cases of primary or isolated metastatic spleen tumours confirmed by pathology from surgery specimens or biopsies. The differences in clinicopathological features and image presentations between benign and malignant spleen tumour were investigated. Thirty-two cases involved benign tumours while 12 cases were malignant. Among the benign tumours, vascular originating tumours were most common (with 14 cases of cavernous haemangiomas, 13 cases of lymphangioma, three cases of lymphangiohaemangioma and one case of Littoral cell angioma). Notably, one, case of inflammatory pseudotumour because of Schistosoma parasite infection was also noted. Among the malignant tumours, there were four cases of angiosarcomas with vascular endothelium origins, as well as lymphomas and six metastatic tumours. Image studies were non-specific. Image study alone is an inadequate basis for making differential diagnoses between benign and malignant tumours. Instead, pathological studies are required for a final diagnosis. Using previous studies and this investigation, fine needle aspiration biopsy of spleen tumours with the help of ultrasonic or computed tomography appears a safe and effective method for obtaining biopsy specimens. Splenectomy is recommended only for patients with malignancies or complications such as intractable abdominal pain, coagulopathy or tumour rupture with an unstable haemodynamic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
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Chen LW, Yung KKL, Chan YS. Neurokinin peptides and neurokinin receptors as potential therapeutic intervention targets of basal ganglia in the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease. Curr Drug Targets 2004; 5:197-206. [PMID: 15011953 DOI: 10.2174/1389450043490596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a serious motor disorder and it is the second most common brain degenerative disease in human. PD is known to be caused by degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra but the cause of cell death is largely unknown. Mammalian neurokinins [NKs] are a group of neuropeptides that include substance P (SP; neurokinin-1, NK-1), substance K (SK; NK-2; neurokinin A), and neuromedin K (NK; NK-3; neurokinin B). Their biological effects as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, or neurotrophic-like factors are mediated by three distinct neurokinin receptors, namely SP receptor (SPR: NK-1 receptor, NK-1R), SKR (NK-2R), and NKR (NK-3R). Several lines of evidence have indicated that neurokinins are implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. First, decreases of SP level and SP-immunoreactivity have been found in nigral and striatal tissues of animals with PD and postmortem PD patients. Second, NKs exert neuroprotective effects on neurons. In addition, NK receptors, namely NK-1 and NK-3 receptors, are abundantly localized in dopaminergic and cholinergic neurons of the basal ganglia, indicating that these neurons are under the physiological regulation of NKs. Moreover, modulation in motor activity occurred in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice, PD animal model, after systemic administration of NK receptor agonists. NKs and NK receptors, therefore, might be important molecules that are associated with functions and survival of neurons in the basal ganglia, in particular the dopamine neurons. Further studies should be devoted to elucidate the functional roles of NK systems in (a) the neuropathogenesis and neuroprotection during the course of PD, (b) the efficacy of NK receptor drugs towards PD, and (c) potential therapeutic intervention that targets at the prevention or treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Chen
- Institute of Neurosciences, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P R China.
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Chan YS, Chen LW, Lai CH, Shum DKY, Yung KKL, Zhang FX. Receptors of glutamate and neurotrophin in vestibular neuronal functions. J Biomed Sci 2003; 10:577-87. [PMID: 14576459 DOI: 10.1159/000073522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed advances in understanding the roles of receptors of neurotrophin and glutamate in the vestibular system. In the first section of this review, the biological actions of neurotrophins and their receptors in the peripheral and central vestibular systems are summarized. Emphasis will be placed on the roles of neurotrophins in developmental plasticity and in the maintenance of vestibular function in the adult animal. This is reviewed in relation to the developmental expression pattern of neurotrophins and their receptors within the vestibular nuclei. The second part is focused on the functional role of different glutamate receptors on central vestibular neurons. The developmental expression pattern of glutamate receptor subunits within the vestibular nuclei is reviewed in relation to the potential role of glutamate receptors in regulating the development of vestibular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Chan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Chen LW, Wei LC, Lang B, Ju G, Chan YS. Differential expression of AMPA receptor subunits in dopamine neurons of the rat brain: a double immunocytochemical study. Neuroscience 2002; 106:149-60. [PMID: 11564425 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00255-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have examined the distribution of dopamine neurons expressing alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptor subunits (glutamate receptors 1, 2/3 and 4) in the A8-A15 regions of the rat brain using double immunofluorescence. The distribution of glutamate receptor 1- or 2/3-like immunoreactive neurons completely overlapped that of tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactive neurons in dopamine cell groups in the retrorubral field (A8), the substantia nigra (A9), the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus raphe linealis (A10), and the rostral hypothalamic periventricular nucleus (A14, A15). In the caudal hypothalamic periventricular nucleus (A11), arcuate nucleus (A12) and zona incerta (A13), the distribution was partially overlapping. Neurons double-labeled for tyrosine hydroxylase and glutamate receptor 1 or 2/3 immunoreactivities were, however, exclusively found in certain dopamine cell regions: in areas A14-A15, 85-88% of tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons expressed glutamate receptor 1 and 22-25% expressed glutamate receptor 2/3, while in areas A8-A10, 20-43% expressed glutamate receptor 1 and 63-84% expressed glutamate receptor 2/3. In contrast, the double-labeled neurons were hardly detected in the A11-A13 regions. No tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons displayed glutamate receptor 4 immunoreactivity, though a partially overlapping distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase- and glutamate receptor 4-immunopositive neurons was also seen in regions A8-10, A11 and A13. The present study has demonstrated the morphological evidence for direct modulation of dopamine neurons via AMPA receptors in rat mesencephalon and hypothalamus. This distribution may provide the basis for a selective dopamine neuron loss in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
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Pang FC, Chow TW, Cummings JL, Leung VPY, Chiu HFK, Lam LCW, Chen QL, Tai CT, Chen LW, Wang SJ, Fuh JL. Effect of neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's disease on Chinese and American caregivers. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002; 17:29-34. [PMID: 11802227 DOI: 10.1002/gps.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Chinese culture, extended family support, acceptance of age-related cognitive changes and filial tradition of caring for elders may decrease caregiver burden and distress in the context of dementia. OBJECTIVE To study cross-regional and cross-cultural differences in symptom-related caregiver distress due to the behavioral problems of Chinese and American patients with Alzheimer's disease. METHOD Caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease at Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan (n = 89), Chinese University of Hong Kong (n = 31) and the UCLA Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Los Angeles, California (n = 169) reported the neuropsychiatric symptoms of patients and their corresponding distress on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. RESULT Presence or absence of distress due to the neuropsychiatric symptoms of the patients with Alzheimer's disease was assessed. The three centers differed significantly in the proportions of caregivers with distress caused by depression (p < 0.05) and apathy (p < 0.001). UCLA had higher proportions of caregivers with depression-related distress than Taipei. UCLA caregivers were also more stressed by apathy than caregivers in Taipei and Hong Kong. Logistic regression further supported the findings that depression-related and apathy-related caregiver distress differed between Chinese and American caregivers (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results were surprising, in that American and Chinese (Taipei and Hong Kong) caregivers exhibited similar distress or lack of distress in response to delusions, hallucinations, agitation, anxiety, euphoria, disinhibition, irritability, aberrant motor behavior, sleep and appetite symptoms of Alzheimer's disease patients. Chinese caregivers were less affected by depression and apathy in patients with Alzheimer's disease than Caucasian caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Pang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong.
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Chen LW, Yeh CT, Fang KM, Chu CM, Liaw YF. Reactivation of hepatitis C virus superinfection in a patient seropositive for hepatitis B e antigen. Infection 2001; 29:351-4. [PMID: 11787840 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-001-1195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
During the course of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, a patient seropositive for hepatitis B e antigen experienced four episodes of acute hepatic necroinflammation. Serum HBV-DNA concentration elevated immediately before the first and third exacerbations, whereas serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA was detected during the second and fourth exacerbations. The nucleotide sequences of HCV hypervariable region derived from samples of the two exacerbations were identical. Interestingly, "de novo" seroconversion of anti-HCV antibody (Abbott HCV EIA 3.0) followed by reversion occurred in both the second and fourth exacerbations with low sample/cutoff ratios. Immunoblot analysis using a line-immunoassay (Inno-LIA HCV Ab III) revealed a single positive band (C1) developing after the second exacerbation. These data indicate that the second exacerbation in this patient was caused by newly acquired acute HCV superinfection, whereas the fourth exacerbation was likely due to reactivation of the previous HCV infection. Recognition of such a case suggests that the presence of de novo seroconversion of anti-HCV may indicate either reactivation or acute superinfection of HCV in a patient seropositive for hepatitis B e antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Chen
- Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Feng YP, Chen LW, Zhou DH, Chen J, Xu XJ, Chi ZQ. Analysis of binding domain and function of chimeric mu/kappa opioid receptors to ohmefentanyl stereoisomers. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2001; 22:981-5. [PMID: 11749787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate specific domains in mu opioid receptors that accounted for selective binding of three stereoisomers of ohmefentanyl (Ohm9204, Ohm9202, and Ohm9203) and study the function of chimera II. METHODS Rat mu and kappa opioid receptors (RMOR, RKOR) and four mu/kappa chimeric receptors (chimeras) I, II, III, and IV were transiently expressed in COS-1 cells. The binding ability and binding domain of receptor to ligands were determined by radioactive ligand and receptor binding experiments. Through measuring cellular cAMP levels, we studied the function of chimera II in mediating signal transduction. RESULTS Binding affinities of four chimeric receptors were similar to wild type opioid receptors (RMOR and RKOR). The binding affinities of Ohm9204 and Ohm9202 to chimera II were similar to that of RMOR. The binding affinities of Ohm9203 to all six receptors were low. U50488 possessed high binding affinity to chimera I, however dynorphie A(1-9) had some binding affinity to chimera II that was similar to RKOR, which indicated the domains of RKOR accounting for selectively binding to peptide ligand dynorphie A(1-9) and nonpeptide ligand U50488 were different. The efficacy of Ohm9204 and Ohm9203 on inhibiting forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in cells transfected with chimera II was similar to that in cells transfected with RMOR. CONCLUSION Replacing 194-268 residues of RMOR with 185-262 residues of RKOR does not influence the ability of mu opioid receptor to bind Ohm9204 and Ohm9202 and the receptor mediated inhibition of cellular cAMP level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Feng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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Abstract
The effect of fMLP (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine), a neutrophil-stimulating bacterial peptide, on Ca2+ mobilization in human neutrophils was examined using fura-2 as a Ca2+ indicator. fMLP (10 nM-10 microM) increased [Ca2+]i concentration-dependently. The [Ca2+]i signal comprised an initial rise followed by a gradual decay and a sustained phase. External Ca2+ removal partly decreased the signal. La3+ (50 microM) pretreatment mimicked the effect of Ca2+ removal. In Ca(2+)-free medium, pretreatment with 1 microM thapsigargin (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor) prevented 10 microM fMLP from increasing [Ca2+]i; whereas 1 microM thapsigargin still significantly increased [Ca2+]i after pretreatment with 10 microM fMLP. Addition of 3 mM Ca2+ induced a concentration-dependent [Ca2+]i increase after pretreatment with fMLP in Ca(2+)-free medium. This Ca2+ entry was partly inhibited by econazole (25 microM), SKF96365 (50 microM), and a phospholipase A2 inhibitor (aristolochic acid; 20 microM). The fMLP (10 microM)-induced Ca2+ release was abolished by inhibiting phospholipase C with 2 microM U73122. The fMLP-induced [Ca2+]i increase was inhibited by 25% by pretreatment with 10 nM phorbol ester to activate protein kinase C but was augmented by 27% by pretreatment with 2 microM GF 109203X to inactivate protein kinase C. We found that fMLP increase reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) production in neutrophils, which can be suppressed by U73122 pretreatment. Collectively, this study shows that in human neutrophils, fMLP increased [Ca2+]i concentration-dependently by releasing Ca2+ from phospholipase C-coupled, thapsigargin-sensitive stores, accompanied by Ca2+ entry. The fMLP-induced [Ca2+]i rise was modulated by protein kinase C, and the fMLP-induced Ca2+ entry was abolished by La3+, and was reduced by econazole, SKF96365 and inhibition of phospholipase A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, 386 Ta Chung 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
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Chen LW, Wei LC, Liu HL, Ding YQ, Zhang H, Rao ZR, Ju G, Chan YS. Cholinergic neurons expressing neuromedin K receptor (NK3) in the basal forebrain of the rat: a double immunofluorescence study. Neuroscience 2001; 103:413-22. [PMID: 11246156 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(00)00568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
By using a double immunofluorescence method we have examined the distribution of cholinergic neurons expressing neuromedin K receptor (NK3) in the rat brain and spinal cord. The distribution of neuromedin K receptor-like immunoreactive neurons completely overlapped with that of choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons in certain regions of the basal forebrain, e.g. the medial septal nucleus, nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, magnocellular preoptic nucleus and substantia innominata. Partially overlapping distributions of neuromedin K receptor-like immunoreactive and choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons were found in the basal nucleus of Meynert, globus pallidus, ventral pallidum of the forebrain, tegmental nuclei of the pons and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Neurons showing both neuromedin K receptor-like and choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivities, however, were found predominantly in the medial septal nucleus, nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca and magnocellular preoptic nucleus of the basal forebrain: 66-80% of these choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons displayed neuromedin K receptor-like immunoreactivity. Neurons showing both neuromedin K receptor-like and choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivities were hardly detected in other aforementioned regions of the forebrain, brainstem and spinal cord. The present study has provided morphological evidence for direct physiological modulation or regulation of cholinergic neurons by tachykinins through the neuromedin K receptor in the basal forebrain of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, PR China.
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Chen LW, Wei LC, Liu HL, Qiu Y, Chan YS. Cholinergic neurons expressing substance P receptor (NK(1)) in the basal forebrain of the rat: a double immunocytochemical study. Brain Res 2001; 904:161-6. [PMID: 11516425 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic neurons expressing substance P receptor (SPR, NK(1)) were examined in the rat brain using double immunofluorescence. The distribution of SPR-like immunoreactive (SPR-LI) neurons completely overlapped with that of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-LI neurons in the medial septal nucleus, the nucleus of diagonal band of Broca, the magnocellular preoptic nucleus, the substantia innominata of basal forebrain, the caudate-putamen, and the ventral pallidum of the basal ganglia. In the mesopontine tegmentum and the cranial motor nuclei of the brainstem, the distribution of SPR-LI and ChAT-LI neurons was partially overlapping. Neurons showing both SPR-like and ChAT-like immunoreactivities, however, were predominantly found above basal forebrain regions and 82-90% of these ChAT-LI neurons displayed SPR-like immunoreactivity, in addition to the confirmatory observation that 100% of the ChAT-LI neurons exhibit SPR-like immunoreactivity in the basal ganglia. In contrast, neurons double-labeled for SPR-like and ChAT-like immunoreactivities were hardly detected in aforementioned regions of the brainstem. The present study has provided morphological evidence for direct physiological modulation of cholinergic neurons by tachykinins through substance P receptor in the basal forebrain of the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, PR China.
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Abstract
To understand more fully the effects of bepridil, an antiarrhythmic and antianginal drug, on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and systemic immune responses, its effect on intracellular Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) in human neutrophils was investigated by using fura-2 as a fluorescent probe. Bepridil (10-200 microM) increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent fashion. This signal was partly inhibited by removal of extracellular Ca2+. In a Ca(2+)-free medium, pretreatment with bepridil (100 microM) abolished the Ca2+ release induced by thapsigargin (1 microM), an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor, and by carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (2 microM), a mitochondrial uncoupler. Pretreatment with carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and thapsigargin, respectively, partly inhibited bepridil-induced Ca2+ release. Addition of Ca2+ (3 mM) increased [Ca2+]i after pretreatment with bepridil (100 microM) in a Ca(2+)-free medium. Bepridil (100 microM)-induced Ca2+ release was not altered when phospholipase C was inhibited by U73122 (2 microM). Both Ca2+ release and Ca2+ entry induced by bepridil (100 microM) were augmented by activating protein kinase C with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (10 nM), and were suppressed by inhibiting protein kinase C with GF 109203X (2 microM). Treatment with bepridil (10-20 microM) for 30 min increased the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) by more than 50%. Collectively, it was found that bepridil increased [Ca2+]i concentration-dependently in human neutrophils by releasing Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and, possibly, other compartments in a phospholipase C-independent manner. Bepridil also activated Ca2+ influx. The activity of protein kinase C may regulate bepridil-induced Ca2+ release and Ca2+ entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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