1
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Tieu R, Zeng Q, Zhao D, Zhang G, Feizi N, Manandhar P, Williams AL, Popp B, Wood-Trageser MA, Demetris AJ, Tso JY, Johnson AJ, Kane LP, Abou-Daya KI, Shlomchik WD, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Lakkis FG. Tissue-resident memory T cell maintenance during antigen persistence requires both cognate antigen and interleukin-15. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd8454. [PMID: 37083450 PMCID: PMC10334460 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add8454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cell biology has been largely developed from acute infection models in which antigen is cleared and sterilizing immunity is achieved. Less is known about TRM cells in the context of chronic antigen persistence and inflammation. We investigated factors that underlie TRM maintenance in a kidney transplantation model in which TRM cells drive rejection. In contrast to acute infection, we found that TRM cells declined markedly in the absence of cognate antigen, antigen presentation, or antigen sensing by the T cells. Depletion of graft-infiltrating dendritic cells or interruption of antigen presentation after TRM cells were established was sufficient to disrupt TRM maintenance and reduce allograft pathology. Likewise, removal of IL-15 transpresentation or of the IL-15 receptor on T cells during TRM maintenance led to a decline in TRM cells, and IL-15 receptor blockade prevented chronic rejection. Therefore, antigen and IL-15 presented by dendritic cells play nonredundant key roles in CD8 TRM cell maintenance in settings of antigen persistence and inflammation. These findings provide insights that could lead to improved treatment of chronic transplant rejection and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Tieu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Daqiang Zhao
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Gang Zhang
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Neda Feizi
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Priyanka Manandhar
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Amanda L. Williams
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Benjamin Popp
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Transplant Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michelle A. Wood-Trageser
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Transplant Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Anthony J. Demetris
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Transplant Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - J. Yun Tso
- JN Biosciences, Mountain View, California 94043, USA
| | - Aaron J. Johnson
- Departments of Immunology, Neurology, and Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lawrence P. Kane
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Khodor I. Abou-Daya
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Warren D. Shlomchik
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Martin H. Oberbarnscheidt
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Fadi G. Lakkis
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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2
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Sacirbegovic F, Günther M, Greco A, Zhao D, Wang X, Zhou M, Rosenberger S, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Held W, McNiff J, Jain D, Höfer T, Shlomchik WD. Graft-versus-host disease is locally maintained in target tissues by resident progenitor-like T cells. Immunity 2023; 56:369-385.e6. [PMID: 36720219 PMCID: PMC10182785 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, donor αβ T cells attack recipient tissues, causing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a major cause of morbidity and mortality. A central question has been how GVHD is sustained despite T cell exhaustion from chronic antigen stimulation. The current model for GVHD holds that disease is maintained through the continued recruitment of alloreactive effectors from blood into affected tissues. Here, we show, using multiple approaches including parabiosis of mice with GVHD, that GVHD is instead primarily maintained locally within diseased tissues. By tracking 1,203 alloreactive T cell clones, we fitted a mathematical model predicting that within each tissue a small number of progenitor T cells maintain a larger effector pool. Consistent with this, we identified a tissue-resident TCF-1+ subpopulation that preferentially engrafted, expanded, and differentiated into effectors upon adoptive transfer. These results suggest that therapies targeting affected tissues and progenitor T cells within them would be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Sacirbegovic
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthias Günther
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Greco
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daqiang Zhao
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xi Wang
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Rosenberger
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martin H Oberbarnscheidt
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Werner Held
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer McNiff
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dhanpat Jain
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Warren D Shlomchik
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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3
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Warunek J, Lucas A, Mathews L, Ossart J, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Lakkis FG, Turnquist HR. Paired Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors Impact The Differentiation of Reparative Macrophages Following Allogeneic Challenge. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.175.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Monocytes differentiate into CD206+CD301+ reparative macrophages (MΦs) that orchestrate tissue repair in response to damage signals and cytokines. Yet, transplanting allogeneic materials produces a novel situation where innate allorecognition of mismatched MHCI may disrupt normal MΦ responses. B6 monocyte paired immunoglobulin-like receptor (PIR)-A3 recognizes BALB/c H2-Dd to generate pro-inflammatory dendritic cells that promote kidney and heart transplant rejection. Conversely, monocyte PIR-B binding to self MHCI negatively regulates PIR-A signals. How PIRs shape MΦ differentiation after Tx was not understood, so we tested the hypothesis that recognition of self-versus-allogeneic MHCI by PIRs divergently modulates MΦ differentiation. Monocyte-derived MΦ differentiation in wild type (WT), Rag2−/−γc−/−, Pira−/− and Pirb−/− B6 mice was assessed by flow cytometry 3 days after exposure to 20×106 radiation-damaged BALB/c allogeneic (allo) or B6 syngeneic (syn) splenocytes administered intraperitoneally. Syn materials predominantly stimulated monocyte differentiation into phenotypically reparative MΦs. Allo cells instead transformed monocytes exclusively into pro-inflammatory Ly6chiCD86hi MΦs. Rag2−/−γc−/− mice behaved similarly. IL-33 released from injured cells metabolically reprograms infiltrating monocytes and MΦs to support their differentiation into CD206+CD301+MΦs. Interestingly, Pirb−/− mice display greatly reduced C206+CD301+MΦs, which correlated with their decreased expression of the IL-33 receptor. Our data provide important insights into how innate allorecognition by PIR-A disrupts the typical generation of reparative MΦs in response to injured self that is supported by PIR-B.
Supported by 5T32AI074490-14
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Warunek
- 1Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
- 2Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
- 3Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Anna Lucas
- 1Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Lisa Mathews
- 1Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Jason Ossart
- 1Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
- 2Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Martin H. Oberbarnscheidt
- 1Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
- 2Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
- 3Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Fadi G Lakkis
- 1Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
- 2Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
- 3Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Heth R Turnquist
- 1Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
- 2Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
- 3Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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4
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Abou-Daya KI, Oberbarnscheidt MH. Innate allorecognition in transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021; 40:557-561. [PMID: 33958265 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful allogeneic transplantation has been made possible by suppressing activation of the adaptive immune system. Current immunosuppressive therapy prevents rejection by targeting T and B cells. Despite this effective treatment, it is the innate immune system, which includes dendritic cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, that is responsible for the initiation of the adaptive immune response. Recent work has described that the innate immune system is capable of recognizing allogeneic nonself and some of the mechanisms of innate allorecognition have been uncovered. Better understanding of the role of the innate immune system in initiation and maintenance of the allo-immune response has potential to lead to better treatment strategies for transplant patients, prolonging allograft survival. Here, we review advances in our understanding of innate allorecognition in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khodor I Abou-Daya
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Martin H Oberbarnscheidt
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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5
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Abou-Daya KI, Tieu R, Zhao D, Rammal R, Sacirbegovic F, Williams AL, Shlomchik WD, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Lakkis FG. Resident memory T cells form during persistent antigen exposure leading to allograft rejection. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/57/eabc8122. [PMID: 33741656 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abc8122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) contained at sites of previous infection provide local protection against reinfection. Whether they form and function in organ transplants where cognate antigen persists is unclear. This is a key question in transplantation as T cells are detected long term in allografts, but it is not known whether they are exhausted or are functional memory T cells. Using a mouse model of kidney transplantation, we showed that antigen-specific and polyclonal effector T cells differentiated in the graft into TRM and subsequently caused allograft rejection. TRM identity was established by surface phenotype, transcriptional profile, and inability to recirculate in parabiosis and retransplantation experiments. Graft TRM proliferated locally, produced interferon-γ upon restimulation, and their in vivo depletion attenuated rejection. The vast majority of antigen-specific and polyclonal TRM lacked phenotypic and transcriptional exhaustion markers. Single-cell analysis of graft T cells early and late after transplantation identified a transcriptional program associated with transition to the tissue-resident state that could serve as a platform for the discovery of therapeutic targets. Thus, recipient effector T cells differentiate into functional graft TRM that maintain rejection locally. Targeting these TRM could improve renal transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khodor I Abou-Daya
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Roger Tieu
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Daqiang Zhao
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Rayan Rammal
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Faruk Sacirbegovic
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Amanda L Williams
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Warren D Shlomchik
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Martin H Oberbarnscheidt
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Fadi G Lakkis
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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6
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Zeng F, Chen Z, Chen R, Shufesky WJ, Bandyopadhyay M, Camirand G, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Sullivan MLG, Baty CJ, Yang MQ, Calderon M, Stolz DB, Erdos G, Pelanda R, Brennan TV, Catz SD, Watkins SC, Larregina AT, Morelli AE. Graft-derived extracellular vesicles transported across subcapsular sinus macrophages elicit B cell alloimmunity after transplantation. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabb0122. [PMID: 33731430 PMCID: PMC8939235 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the role of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) in recognizing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and mediating transplant rejection, how and where recipient B cells in lymphoid tissues encounter donor MHC antigens remains unclear. Contrary to the dogma, we demonstrated here that migration of donor leukocytes out of skin or heart allografts is not necessary for B or T cell allosensitization in mice. We found that mouse skin and cardiac allografts and human skin grafts release cell-free donor MHC antigens via extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are captured by subcapsular sinus (SCS) macrophages in lymph nodes or analog macrophages in the spleen. Donor EVs were transported across the SCS macrophages, and donor MHC molecules on the EVs were recognized by alloreactive B cells. This triggered B cell activation and DSA production, which were both prevented by SCS macrophage depletion. These results reveal an unexpected role for graft-derived EVs and open venues to interfere with EV biogenesis, trafficking, or function to restrain priming or reactivation of alloreactive B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Zeng
- T.E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Dermatology and Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhizhao Chen
- T.E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Transplant Center, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Rao Chen
- T.E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - William J Shufesky
- T.E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mohna Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Geoffrey Camirand
- T.E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Martin H Oberbarnscheidt
- T.E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mara L G Sullivan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Catherine J Baty
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mu-Qing Yang
- T.E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Michel Calderon
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Donna Beer Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Geza Erdos
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Roberta Pelanda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Todd V Brennan
- Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Sergio D Catz
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Adriana T Larregina
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Adrian E Morelli
- T.E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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7
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Li T, Zhang Z, Bartolacci JG, Dwyer GK, Liu Q, Mathews LR, Velayutham M, Roessing AS, Lee YC, Dai H, Shiva S, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Dziki JL, Mullet SJ, Wendell SG, Wilkinson JD, Webber SA, Wood-Trageser M, Watkins SC, Demetris AJ, Hussey GS, Badylak SF, Turnquist HR. Graft IL-33 regulates infiltrating macrophages to protect against chronic rejection. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:5397-5412. [PMID: 32644975 PMCID: PMC7524467 DOI: 10.1172/jci133008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alarmins, sequestered self-molecules containing damage-associated molecular patterns, are released during tissue injury to drive innate immune cell proinflammatory responses. Whether endogenous negative regulators controlling early immune responses are also released at the site of injury is poorly understood. Herein, we establish that the stromal cell-derived alarmin interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a local factor that directly restricts the proinflammatory capacity of graft-infiltrating macrophages early after transplantation. By assessing heart transplant recipient samples and using a mouse heart transplant model, we establish that IL-33 is upregulated in allografts to limit chronic rejection. Mouse cardiac transplants lacking IL-33 displayed dramatically accelerated vascular occlusion and subsequent fibrosis, which was not due to altered systemic immune responses. Instead, a lack of graft IL-33 caused local augmentation of proinflammatory iNOS+ macrophages that accelerated graft loss. IL-33 facilitated a metabolic program in macrophages associated with reparative and regulatory functions, and local delivery of IL-33 prevented the chronic rejection of IL-33-deficient cardiac transplants. Therefore, IL-33 represents what we believe is a novel regulatory alarmin in transplantation that limits chronic rejection by restraining the local activation of proinflammatory macrophages. The local delivery of IL-33 in extracellular matrix-based materials may be a promising biologic for chronic rejection prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfang Li
- Department of Surgery and
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Kidney Transplantation and
| | - Zhongqiang Zhang
- Department of Surgery and
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Organ Transplantation and General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Joe G. Bartolacci
- Department of Surgery and
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and
| | - Gaelen K. Dwyer
- Department of Surgery and
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Surgery and
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lisa R. Mathews
- Department of Surgery and
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Murugesan Velayutham
- Department of Surgery and
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood, Vascular Medicine Institute and
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna S. Roessing
- Department of Surgery and
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yoojin C. Lee
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Helong Dai
- Department of Surgery and
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Kidney Transplantation and
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood, Vascular Medicine Institute and
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Martin H. Oberbarnscheidt
- Department of Surgery and
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jenna L. Dziki
- Department of Surgery and
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and
| | - Steven J. Mullet
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Health Sciences Metabolomics and Lipidomics Core and
- Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stacy G. Wendell
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Health Sciences Metabolomics and Lipidomics Core and
- Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James D. Wilkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Steven A. Webber
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michelle Wood-Trageser
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and
| | - Simon C. Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony J. Demetris
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and
- Department of Pathology and
| | - George S. Hussey
- Department of Surgery and
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and
| | - Stephen F. Badylak
- Department of Surgery and
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hēth R. Turnquist
- Department of Surgery and
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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8
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Hughes AD, Zhao D, Dai H, Abou-Daya KI, Tieu R, Rammal R, Williams AL, Landsittel DP, Shlomchik WD, Morelli AE, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Lakkis FG. Cross-dressed dendritic cells sustain effector T cell responses in islet and kidney allografts. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:287-294. [PMID: 31763998 DOI: 10.1172/jci125773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of host T cells that mediate allograft rejection is a 2-step process. The first occurs in secondary lymphoid organs where T cells encounter alloantigens presented by host DCs and differentiate to effectors. Antigen presentation at these sites occurs principally via transfer of intact, donor MHC-peptide complexes from graft cells to host DCs (cross-dressing) or by uptake and processing of donor antigens into allopeptides bound to self-MHC molecules (indirect presentation). The second step takes place in the graft, where effector T cells reengage with host DCs before causing rejection. How host DCs present alloantigens to T cells in the graft is not known. Using mouse islet and kidney transplantation models, imaging cytometry, and 2-photon intravital microscopy, we demonstrate extensive cross-dressing of intragraft host DCs with donor MHC-peptide complexes that occurred early after transplantation, whereas host DCs presenting donor antigen via the indirect pathway were rare. Cross-dressed DCs stably engaged TCR-transgenic effector CD8+ T cells that recognized donor antigen and were sufficient for sustaining acute rejection. In the chronic kidney rejection model, cross-dressing declined over time but was still conspicuous 8 weeks after transplantation. We conclude that cross-dressing of host DCs with donor MHC molecules is a major antigen presentation pathway driving effector T cell responses within allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Hughes
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute.,Physician Scientist Training Program, and
| | - Daqiang Zhao
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hehua Dai
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Khodor I Abou-Daya
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roger Tieu
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rayan Rammal
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amanda L Williams
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas P Landsittel
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute.,Department of Biomedical Informatics
| | - Warren D Shlomchik
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute.,Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adrian E Morelli
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Martin H Oberbarnscheidt
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fadi G Lakkis
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Zhao D, Abou-Daya KI, Dai H, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Li XC, Lakkis FG. Innate Allorecognition and Memory in Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:918. [PMID: 32547540 PMCID: PMC7270276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, we have witnessed a decline in the rates of acute rejection without significant improvement in chronic rejection. Current treatment strategies principally target the adaptive immune response and not the innate response. Therefore, better understanding of innate immunity in transplantation and how to target it is highly desirable. Here, we review the latest advances in innate immunity in transplantation focusing on the roles and mechanisms of innate allorecognition and memory in myeloid cells. These novel concepts could explain why alloimmune response do not abate over time and shed light on new molecular pathways that can be interrupted to prevent or treat chronic rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqiang Zhao
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Khodor I Abou-Daya
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hehua Dai
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Martin H Oberbarnscheidt
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Xian C Li
- Immunobiology & Transplant Science Center and Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Fadi G Lakkis
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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10
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Dai H, Lan P, Zhao D, Abou-Daya K, Liu W, Chen W, Friday AJ, Williams AL, Sun T, Chen J, Chen W, Mortin-Toth S, Danska JS, Wiebe C, Nickerson P, Li T, Mathews LR, Turnquist HR, Nicotra ML, Gingras S, Takayama E, Kubagawa H, Shlomchik MJ, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Li XC, Lakkis FG. PIRs mediate innate myeloid cell memory to nonself MHC molecules. Science 2020; 368:1122-1127. [PMID: 32381589 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax4040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunological memory specific to previously encountered antigens is a cardinal feature of adaptive lymphoid cells. However, it is unknown whether innate myeloid cells retain memory of prior antigenic stimulation and respond to it more vigorously on subsequent encounters. In this work, we show that murine monocytes and macrophages acquire memory specific to major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) antigens, and we identify A-type paired immunoglobulin-like receptors (PIR-As) as the MHC-I receptors necessary for the memory response. We demonstrate that deleting PIR-A in the recipient or blocking PIR-A binding to donor MHC-I molecules blocks memory and attenuates kidney and heart allograft rejection. Thus, innate myeloid cells acquire alloantigen-specific memory that can be targeted to improve transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehua Dai
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peixiang Lan
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daqiang Zhao
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Khodor Abou-Daya
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wentao Liu
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenhao Chen
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J Friday
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amanda L Williams
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jianjiao Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven Mortin-Toth
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jayne S Danska
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Immunology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chris Wiebe
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Peter Nickerson
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tengfang Li
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lisa R Mathews
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hêth R Turnquist
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew L Nicotra
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine (CEBaM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sebastien Gingras
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eiji Takayama
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kubagawa
- Humoral Immune Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark J Shlomchik
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martin H Oberbarnscheidt
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xian C Li
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fadi G Lakkis
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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11
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Daya KA, Zhao D, Tieu R, Rammal R, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Lakkis FG. Formation and function of resident memory t cells in renal allografts. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.161.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The role of TRM in transplantation is unknown. In this study, we investigated the formation and function of TRM in a mouse kidney transplantation model.
(B6xBALB/c) F1.ova kidneys were transplanted to B6 recipients and 1m OT-I Teff cells transferred on day 2. Graft, blood, bone marrow, SLO, and liver were harvested 4 and 8 wks after transplantation. TRM were identified as CD44hiCD62LlowCD69+ CD103+/− cells after excluding in vivo labeled T cells. OT-I and polyclonal TRM were transcriptionally characterized using scRNAseq. TRM residency was tested by parabiosis and re-transplantation. To further establish a causal relationship between the TRM OT-Is and rejection we depleted them at wk 4 post adoptive transfer using anti-Thy1.1 (250 ug IV per day for 7d).
Mean serum creatinine (mg/dl) was significantly higher in allo vs syn group at wk 8 (0.7 vs 0.2, p<0.05). Graft histology showed mixed acute and chronic rejection in the allo group. Flow analysis of allograft cells demonstrated TRM cells among OT-I and endogenous T cell populations at 4 & 8 wks. The OT-I population was exclusively TRM phenotype by flow and scRNAseq, rapidly produced IFNγ upon re-stimulation, and was not detected anywhere else. There was no significant difference in mean number of OT-Is between wk 4 and wk 8 (277K vs 234k, p=0.74). OT-I T cells could not be detected in the parabiont kidney graft or tissues or in the secondary host outside the re-transplanted kidney, indicating that the TRM are indeed resident in the graft and do not re-circulate. Depleting the OT-Is preserved kidney function at wk 8 compared to the non-depleted group (Cr= 0.7 vs 0.2, p<0.05).
Our findings show that donor-specific TRM form in kidney allografts, are functional, and contribute to rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roger Tieu
- 2University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Rayan Rammal
- 3American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
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12
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Daya KA, Zhao D, Biery K, Oberbarnscheidt MH. Tertiary lymphoid organs in renal chronic allograft rejection. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.161.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Chronic allograft rejection remains a major obstacle to long-term allograft survival. The immunologic role of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLO) in allograft rejection is unclear. Here, we employed a chronic renal allograft rejection model in mice and intravital 2-photon microscopy to investigate the function of TLO in transplant rejection.
CB6F1 (F1) RIP-LTα (preformed TLO) or F1 (no TLO) kidney grafts were transplanted to WT B6 recipients and survival monitored. To investigate immunologic function of TLO, we adoptively transferred B6-RIPLTα CD11c-YFP mice with 10m naïve dsRed OT-I T cells or 10m CTR-labeled NP-specific B cells + 10m CFP+ OT-II cells and immunized with NP-OVA + alum. Intravital 2P imaging of renal TLO was performed at time points 0, 3, 6, 24 or 72 hours after immunization. 4D image analysis was performed and mean speed, displacement, arrest coefficient (AC) and contact times (CT) with DC were calculated for OT-I, OT-II and NP-B cells.
F1 RIP-LTα grafts rejected significantly faster (MST= 54) than F1 grafts (MST= 225), demonstrating that TLO contribute to allograft rejection. F1 RIP-LTα grafts contained similar numbers of, but larger TLO than F1 grafts as demonstrated by histology. Mean speed and displacement of OT-I and OT-II cells significantly decreased over time after immunization while AC and mean CT significantly increased. B cell mean speed, displacement and AC increased after immunization. These data are consistent with B cell activation and productive T cell-DC interactions and mirror previously reported data in secondary lymphoid organs.
We provide first evidence that TLO provide a local structure for T and B cell activation that propagates anti-graft immune responses in the setting of chronic rejection.
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13
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Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for ESRD but is complicated by the response of the recipient's immune system to nonself histocompatibility antigens on the graft, resulting in rejection. Multiphoton intravital microscopy, referred to as four-dimensional imaging because it records dynamic events in three-dimensional tissue volumes, has emerged as a powerful tool to study immunologic processes in living animals. Here, we will review advances in understanding the complex mechanisms of T cell-mediated rejection made possible by four-dimensional imaging of mouse renal allografts. We will summarize recent data showing that activated (effector) T cell migration to the graft is driven by cognate antigen presented by dendritic cells that surround and penetrate peritubular capillaries, and that T cell-dendritic cell interactions persist in the graft over time, maintaining the immune response in the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Hughes
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery.,Physician Scientist Training Program
| | - Fadi G Lakkis
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery.,Department of Immunology.,Division of Renal-Electrolyte, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Martin H Oberbarnscheidt
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, .,Department of Immunology.,Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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14
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Dai H, Friday AJ, Abou-Daya KI, Williams AL, Mortin-Toth S, Nicotra ML, Rothstein DM, Shlomchik WD, Matozaki T, Isenberg JS, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Danska JS, Lakkis FG. Donor SIRPα polymorphism modulates the innate immune response to allogeneic grafts. Sci Immunol 2017; 2:2/12/eaam6202. [PMID: 28783664 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aam6202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mice devoid of T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells distinguish between self and allogeneic nonself despite the absence of an adaptive immune system. When challenged with an allograft, they mount an innate response characterized by accumulation of mature, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) that produce interleukin-12 and present antigen to T cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the innate immune system detects allogeneic nonself to generate these DCs are not known. To address this question, we studied the innate response of Rag2-/- γc-/- mice, which lack T, B, and NK cells, to grafts from allogeneic donors. By positional cloning, we identified that donor polymorphism in the gene encoding signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) is a key modulator of the recipient's innate allorecognition response. Donors that differed from the recipient in one or both Sirpa alleles elicited an innate alloresponse. The response was mediated by binding of donor SIRPα to recipient CD47 and was modulated by the strength of the SIRPα-CD47 interaction. Therefore, sensing SIRPα polymorphism by CD47 provides a molecular mechanism by which the innate immune system distinguishes between self and allogeneic nonself independently of T, B, and NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehua Dai
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Andrew J Friday
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Khodor I Abou-Daya
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Amanda L Williams
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Steven Mortin-Toth
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Matthew L Nicotra
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - David M Rothstein
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Warren D Shlomchik
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Takashi Matozaki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Jeffrey S Isenberg
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Martin H Oberbarnscheidt
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Jayne S Danska
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G1X8, Canada. .,Departments of Immunology and Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Fadi G Lakkis
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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15
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Laws LH, Parker CE, Cherala G, Koguchi Y, Waisman A, Slifka MK, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Obhrai JS, Yeung MY, Riella LV. Inflammation Causes Resistance to Anti-CD20-Mediated B Cell Depletion. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:3139-3149. [PMID: 27265023 PMCID: PMC5334788 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
B cells play a central role in antibody-mediated rejection and certain autoimmune diseases. However, B cell-targeted therapy such as anti-CD20 B cell-depleting antibody (aCD20) has yielded mixed results in improving outcomes. In this study, we investigated whether an accelerated B cell reconstitution leading to aCD20 depletion resistance could account for these discrepancies. Using a transplantation model, we found that antigen-independent inflammation, likely through toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, was sufficient to mitigate B cell depletion. Secondary lymphoid organs had a quicker recovery of B cells when compared to peripheral blood. Inflammation altered the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of aCD20 therapy by shortening drug half-life and accelerating the reconstitution of the peripheral B cell pool by bone marrow-derived B cell precursors. IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin) coadministration also shortened aCD20 drug half-life and led to accelerated B cell recovery. Repeated aCD20 dosing restored B cell depletion and delayed allograft rejection, especially B cell-dependent, antibody-independent allograft rejection. These data demonstrate the importance of further clinical studies of the PK/PD of monoclonal antibody treatment in inflammatory conditions. The data also highlight the disconnect between B cell depletion on peripheral blood compared to secondary lymphoid organs, the deleterious effect of IVIG when given with aCD20 and the relevance of redosing of aCD20 for effective B cell depletion in alloimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ganesh Cherala
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University
| | - Yoshinobu Koguchi
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
| | - Mark K. Slifka
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University
| | | | | | - Melissa Y. Yeung
- Schuster Transplant Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Leonardo V. Riella
- Schuster Transplant Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
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16
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Yatim KM, Gosto M, Humar R, Williams AL, Oberbarnscheidt MH. Renal dendritic cells sample blood-borne antigen and guide T-cell migration to the kidney by means of intravascular processes. Kidney Int 2016; 90:818-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Zhuang Q, Liu Q, Divito SJ, Zeng Q, Yatim KM, Hughes AD, Rojas-Canales DM, Nakao A, Shufesky WJ, Williams AL, Humar R, Hoffman RA, Shlomchik WD, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Lakkis FG, Morelli AE. Graft-infiltrating host dendritic cells play a key role in organ transplant rejection. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12623. [PMID: 27554168 PMCID: PMC4999515 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful engraftment of organ transplants has traditionally relied on preventing the activation of recipient (host) T cells. Once T-cell activation has occurred, however, stalling the rejection process becomes increasingly difficult, leading to graft failure. Here we demonstrate that graft-infiltrating, recipient (host) dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in driving the rejection of transplanted organs by activated (effector) T cells. We show that donor DCs that accompany heart or kidney grafts are rapidly replaced by recipient DCs. The DCs originate from non-classical monocytes and form stable, cognate interactions with effector T cells in the graft. Eliminating recipient DCs reduces the proliferation and survival of graft-infiltrating T cells and abrogates ongoing rejection or rejection mediated by transferred effector T cells. Therefore, host DCs that infiltrate transplanted organs sustain the alloimmune response after T-cell activation has already occurred. Targeting these cells provides a means for preventing or treating rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhuang
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Center for Organ Transplantation, 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Sherrie J Divito
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Karim M Yatim
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Andrew D Hughes
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Physician Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Darling M Rojas-Canales
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - A Nakao
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - William J Shufesky
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Amanda L Williams
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Rishab Humar
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Rosemary A Hoffman
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Warren D Shlomchik
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Martin H Oberbarnscheidt
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Fadi G Lakkis
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Adrian E Morelli
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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18
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Zhang Q, Dai H, Yatim KM, Abou-Daya K, Williams AL, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Camirand G, Rudd CE, Lakkis FG. CD8+ Effector T Cell Migration to Pancreatic Islet Grafts Is Dependent on Cognate Antigen Presentation by Donor Graft Cells. J Immunol 2016; 197:1471-6. [PMID: 27357151 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising therapy for diabetes, but acute rejection of the islets by host effector T cells has hindered clinical application. In this study, we addressed the mechanisms of CD8(+) effector T cell migration to islet grafts because interrupting this step is key to preventing rejection. We found that effector T cell migration to revascularized islet transplants in mice is dependent on non-self Ag recognition rather than signaling via Gαi-coupled chemokine receptors. Presentation of non-self Ag by donor cells was necessary for migration, whereas Ag presentation by recipient cells was dispensable. We also observed that deficiency of SKAP1, an immune cell adaptor downstream of the TCR and important for integrin activation, prolongs allograft survival but does not reduce effector T cell migration to the graft. Therefore, effector T cell migration to transplanted islets is Ag driven, not chemokine driven, but SKAP1 does not play a critical role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China; Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Hehua Dai
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Karim M Yatim
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Khodor Abou-Daya
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Amanda L Williams
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Martin H Oberbarnscheidt
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Geoffrey Camirand
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Christopher E Rudd
- Cell Signaling Section, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Fadi G Lakkis
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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19
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Yatim K, Gosto M, Humar R, Williams AL, Oberbarnscheidt MH. Antigen presentation via intravascular extensions of renal DC is necessary for antigen-specific T Cell migration into the kidney. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.207.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We have previously shown that CX3CR1+ renal DC sample antigen via intravascular processes in the context of systemic infection and immune complex disease. Here, we investigated the role of intravascular DC processes in antigen presentation and effector T cell migration to the kidney.
To investigate T cell migration, CFP-OVA E. coli and CD8+ DsRed+ OT-I effector T cells, pretreated with Pertussis toxin (PTX), were i.v. injected into CX3CR1gfp/+ mice 24h before 2P intravital microscopy (2PIM) of the kidney was performed.
OT-I T cells migrated into the kidney, with 2PIM showing prolonged (30 min) DC-T cell interactions. OT-I migration was significantly higher (2-fold) when OVA was present (CFP-OVA E. coli vs WT E.coli), demonstrating that migration of effector T cells was antigen-specific. To test if antigen presentation by DC was necessary to mediate migration of T cells, we used CD11c-YFP Kb−/− bone marrow chimeric recipients (hematopoietic cells lack H-2k(b), parenchymal cells express H-2k(b)). CFP-OVA E. coli injection into a CD11c YFP Kb−/− bone marrow chimeric mouse abrogated effector OT-I T cell migration into the renal tissue.
Our data demonstrate that migration of effector T cells in the setting of systemic infection is antigen-specific. In addition, antigen presentation by hematopoietic cells, most likely DC, is necessary to mediate antigen-specific effector T cell migration. H-2k(b) expression on parenchymal and endothelial cells does not mediate antigen-specific effector T cell migration. Our findings show that renal DC have two roles: immune surveillance by sampling and presenting antigen via intravascular processes, and guiding effector T cells to the site of antigen.
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Abstract
Vertebrates mount strong adaptive immune responses to transplanted organs (allografts), but the mechanisms by which the innate immune system initiates this response are not completely understood. In anti-microbial immunity, non-self molecules associated with pathogens but not present in the host induce the maturation of innate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by binding to germ-line-encoded receptors. Mature APCs then initiate the adaptive immune response by presenting microbial antigen and providing costimulatory signals to T cells. How allografts activate APCs, however, is less clear, because allografts are presumably sterile. A widely accepted view is that inflammatory or 'danger' molecules released by dying graft cells at the time of transplantation trigger APC maturation and the T-cell response that follows. Alternatively, it has been proposed that the introduction of microbial products during the surgical procedure could also alert the innate immune system to the presence of the transplanted organ. Here, we review why these hypotheses fail to fully explain how the alloimmune response is initiated after transplantation and summarize evidence that recognition of allogeneic non-self by monocytes is a key event in triggering alloimmunity and graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Oberbarnscheidt
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine & University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine & University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M Yatim
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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22
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Oberbarnscheidt MH, Zeng Q, Li Q, Dai H, Williams AL, Shlomchik WD, Rothstein DM, Lakkis FG. Non-self recognition by monocytes initiates allograft rejection. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3579-89. [PMID: 24983319 DOI: 10.1172/jci74370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturation of T cell-activating APCs directly links innate and adaptive immunity and is typically triggered by microbial infection. Transplantation of allografts, which are sterile, generates strong T cell responses; however, it is unclear how grafts induce APC maturation in the absence of microbial-derived signals. A widely accepted hypothesis is that dying cells in the graft release "danger" molecules that induce APC maturation and initiate the adaptive alloimmune response. Here, we demonstrated that danger signals associated with dying cells are not sufficient to initiate alloimmunity, but that recognition of allogeneic non-self by the innate immune system is required. In WT as well as in T cell-, B cell-, and innate lymphoid cell-deficient mice, allogeneic grafts elicited persistent differentiation of monocytes into mature DCs that expressed IL-12 and stimulated T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. In contrast, syngeneic grafts in the same mice elicited transient and less pronounced differentiation of monocytes into DCs, which neither expressed IL-12 nor stimulated IFN-γ production. In a model in which T cell recognition is restricted to a single foreign antigen on the graft, rejection occurred only if the allogeneic non-self signal was also sensed by the host's innate immune system. These findings underscore the importance of innate recognition of allogeneic non-self by monocytes in initiating graft rejection.
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23
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Walch JM, Zeng Q, Li Q, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Hoffman RA, Williams AL, Rothstein DM, Shlomchik WD, Kim JV, Camirand G, Lakkis FG. Cognate antigen directs CD8+ T cell migration to vascularized transplants. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:2663-71. [PMID: 23676459 DOI: 10.1172/jci66722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The migration of effector or memory T cells to the graft is a critical event in the rejection of transplanted organs. The prevailing view is that the key steps involved in T cell migration - integrin-mediated firm adhesion followed by transendothelial migration - are dependent on the activation of Gαi-coupled chemokine receptors on T cells. In contrast to this view, we demonstrated in vivo that cognate antigen was necessary for the firm adhesion and transendothelial migration of CD8+ effector T cells specific to graft antigens and that both steps occurred independent of Gαi signaling. Presentation of cognate antigen by either graft endothelial cells or bone marrow-derived APCs that extend into the capillary lumen was sufficient for T cell migration. The adhesion and transmigration of antigen-nonspecific (bystander) effector T cells, on the other hand, remained dependent on Gαi, but required the presence of antigen-specific effector T cells. These findings underscore the primary role of cognate antigen presented by either endothelial cells or bone marrow-derived APCs in the migration of T cells across endothelial barriers and have important implications for the prevention and treatment of graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Walch
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Abstract
The vertebrate innate immune system consists of inflammatory cells and soluble mediators that comprise the first line of defense against microbial infection and, importantly, trigger antigen-specific T and B cell responses that lead to lasting immunity. The molecular mechanisms responsible for microbial non-self recognition by the innate immune system have been elucidated for a large number of pathogens. How the innate immune system recognizes non-microbial non-self, such as organ transplants, is less clear. In this review, we approach this question by describing the principal mechanisms of non-self, or 'damaged' self, recognition by the innate immune system (pattern recognition receptors, the missing self theory, and the danger hypothesis) and discussing whether and how these mechanisms apply to allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Oberbarnscheidt
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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25
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Abstract
B cells are recognized as effector cells in allograft rejection that are dependent upon T cell help to produce alloantibodies causing graft injury. It is not known if B cells can also help T cells differentiate into memory cells in the alloimmune response. We found that in B-cell-deficient hosts, differentiation of alloreactive T cells into effectors was intact whereas their development into memory T cells was impaired. To test if B cell help for T cells was required for their continued differentiation into memory T cells, activated T cells were sorted from alloimmunized mice and transferred either with or without B cells into naïve adoptive hosts. Activated T cells cotransferred with B cells gave rise to more memory T cells than those transferred without B cells and upon recall, mediated accelerated rejection of skin allografts. Cotransfer of B cells led to increased memory T cells by enhancing activated CD4 T-cell proliferation and activated CD8 T-cell survival. These results indicate that B cells help alloreactive T-cell differentiation, proliferation and survival to generate optimal numbers of functional memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Harn Ng
- Departments of Medicine (Renal-Electrolyte) and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261,Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Martin H. Oberbarnscheidt
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | | | - Rosemary Hoffman
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Geetha Chalasani
- Departments of Medicine (Renal-Electrolyte) and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261,Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Dr. Geetha Chalasani, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, BST W1554, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261. Phone: (412) 383-5924; Fax: (412) 383-9990;
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26
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Zecher D, Li Q, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Demetris AJ, Shlomchik WD, Rothstein DM, Lakkis FG. NK cells delay allograft rejection in lymphopenic hosts by downregulating the homeostatic proliferation of CD8+ T cells. J Immunol 2010; 184:6649-57. [PMID: 20483732 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
T cells present in lymphopenic environments undergo spontaneous (homeostatic) proliferation resulting in expansion of the memory T cell pool. Homeostatically generated memory T cells protect the host against infection but can cause autoimmunity and allograft rejection. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that regulate homeostatic T cell proliferation is germane to clinical settings in which lymphodepletion is used. In this study, we asked whether NK cells, which regulate immune responses in lymphocyte-replete hosts, also regulate homeostatic T cell proliferation under lymphopenic conditions. We found that T cells transferred into genetically lymphocyte-deficient RAG-/- mice proliferate faster and generate more CD8+ memory T cells if NK cells were absent. CD8+ T cells that underwent homeostatic proliferation in the presence of NK cells generated mostly effector memory (CD44highCD62Llow) lymphocytes, whereas those that divided in the absence of NK cells were skewed toward central memory (CD44highCD62Lhigh). The latter originated predominantly from proliferation of the "natural" central memory CD8+ T cell pool. Regulation of homeostatic proliferation by NK cells occurred independent of perforin but was reversed by excess IL-15. Importantly, NK depletion enhanced CD8+ T cell recovery in T cell-depleted wild-type mice and accelerated rejection of skin allografts, indicating that regulation of homeostatic proliferation by NK cells is not restricted to genetically lymphocyte-deficient animals. These results demonstrate that NK cells downregulate homeostatic CD8+ T cell proliferation in lymphopenic environments by competing for IL-15. Concomitant NK and T cell depletion may be undesirable in transplant recipients because of enhanced expansion of memory CD8+ T cells that increase the risk of rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zecher
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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27
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Oberbarnscheidt MH, Obhrai JS, Williams AL, Rothstein DM, Shlomchik WD, Chalasani G, Lakkis FG. Type I interferons are not critical for skin allograft rejection or the generation of donor-specific CD8+ memory T cells. Am J Transplant 2010; 10:162-7. [PMID: 19951284 PMCID: PMC2806930 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-I) link innate to adaptive immunity in microbial infection, autoimmune disease and tumor immunity. It is not known whether IFN-I have an equally central role in alloimmunity. Here we tested this possibility by studying skin allograft survival and donor-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in mice that lack the IFN-I receptor (IFN-IR-/-). We found that IFN-IR-/- mice reject fully allogeneic wild-type skin grafts at the same rate as wild-type recipients. Similarly, allograft rejection was not delayed if IFN-IR-/- male skin was transplanted to syngeneic IFN-IR-/- female mice. Quantitation of the male (H-Y)-specific CD8+ T-cell response in these mice revealed normal generation of donor-specific CD8+ effector T cells but fourfold reduction in CD8+ memory T cells. Memory CD8+ T cells generated in the absence of IFN-IR had normal phenotype and recall function, assessed by ex vivo cytokine production and the ability of IFN-IR-/- mice to mount second set rejection. Finally, these memory T cells were maintained at a constant number despite their inability to respond to IFN-1. Our findings indicate that IFN-I cytokines are not critical for acute allograft rejection or for the expansion and differentiation of donor-specific CD8+ T cells into long-lived, functional memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H. Oberbarnscheidt
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Jagdeep S. Obhrai
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Amanda L. Williams
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - David M. Rothstein
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261,Departments of Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Warren D. Shlomchik
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261,Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261,Departments of Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - Fadi G. Lakkis
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261,Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261,Address correspondence to: Fadi G. Lakkis, MD, Starzl Transplantation Institute, BST-W1548, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261;
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28
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Abstract
The contribution of secondary lymphoid tissue-homing central memory T cells (T(CM)) and peripheral tissue-homing effector memory T cells (T(EM)) to allograft rejection is not known. We tested whether T(EM) is the principal subset responsible for allograft rejection due to the nonlymphoid location of target antigens. Skin allograft rejection was studied after transferring either CD8 T(CM) or T(EM) to wild-type mice and to mice that lack secondary lymphoid tissues. We found that CD8 T(CM) and T(EM) were equally effective at rejecting allografts in wild-type hosts. However, CD8 T(EM) were significantly better than T(CM) at rejecting allografts in the absence of secondary lymphoid tissues. CD8 T(CM) were dependent upon secondary lymphoid tissues more than T(EM) for optimal differentiation into effectors that migrate into the allograft. Recall of either CD8 T(CM) or T(EM) led to accumulation of T(EM) after allograft rejection. These findings indicate that either CD8 T(CM) or T(EM) mediate allograft rejection but T(EM) have an advantage over T(CM) in immune surveillance of peripheral tissues, including transplanted organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yue-Harn Ng
- Departments of Medicine (Renal-Electrolyte) and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Geetha Chalasani
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261,Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Geetha Chalasani, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, W1554 BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.
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29
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Nasr IW, Reel M, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Mounzer RH, Baddoura FK, Ruddle NH, Lakkis FG. Tertiary lymphoid tissues generate effector and memory T cells that lead to allograft rejection. Am J Transplant 2007; 7:1071-9. [PMID: 17359505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01756.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid tissues are lymph node-like cell aggregates that arise at sites of chronic inflammation. They have been observed in transplanted organs undergoing chronic rejection, but it is not known whether they contribute to the rejection process by supporting local activation of naïve lymphocytes. To answer this question, we established a murine transplantation model in which the donor skin contains tertiary lymphoid tissues due to transgenic expression of lymphotoxin-alpha(RIP-LT alpha), whereas the recipient lacks all secondary lymphoid organs and does not mount primary alloimmune responses. We demonstrate in this model that RIP-LT alpha allografts that harbor tertiary lymphoid tissues are rejected, while wild-type allografts that lack tertiary lymphoid tissues are accepted. Wild-type allografts transplanted at the same time as RIP-LT alpha skin or 60 days later were also rejected, suggesting that tertiary lymphoid tissues, similar to secondary lymphoid organs, generate both effector and memory immune responses. Consistent with this observation, naive T cells transferred to RIP-LT alpha skin allograft but not syngeneic graft recipients proliferated and differentiated into effector and memory T cells. These findings provide direct evidence that tertiary lymphoid structures perpetuate the rejection process by supporting naïve T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I W Nasr
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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30
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Obhrai JS, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Hand TW, Diggs L, Chalasani G, Lakkis FG. Effector T Cell Differentiation and Memory T Cell Maintenance Outside Secondary Lymphoid Organs. J Immunol 2006; 176:4051-8. [PMID: 16547240 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.7.4051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Naive T cell circulation is restricted to secondary lymphoid organs. Effector and memory T cells, in contrast, acquire the ability to migrate to nonlymphoid tissues. In this study we examined whether nonlymphoid tissues contribute to the differentiation of effector T cells to memory cells and the long-term maintenance of memory T cells. We found that CD4, but not CD8, effector T cell differentiation to memory cells is impaired in adoptive hosts that lack secondary lymphoid organs. In contrast, established CD4 and CD8 memory T cells underwent basal homeostatic proliferation in the liver, lungs, and bone marrow, were maintained long-term, and functioned in the absence of secondary lymphoid organs. CD8 memory T cells found in nonlymphoid tissues expressed both central and effector memory phenotypes, whereas CD4 memory T cells displayed predominantly an effector memory phenotype. These findings indicate that secondary lymphoid organs are not necessary for the maintenance and function of memory T cell populations, whereas the optimal differentiation of CD4 effectors to memory T cells is dependent on these organs. The ability of memory T cells to persist and respond to foreign Ag independently of secondary lymphoid tissues supports the existence of nonlymphoid memory T cell pools that provide essential immune surveillance in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeep S Obhrai
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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