1
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O'Driscoll NJ, Evans L, Mallory M, Snyder M. A Quantitative Method to Measure the Kinetics of Elemental Mercury Emissions From Black Shale (Nova Scotia, Canada). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2023; 111:57. [PMID: 37898591 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
A controlled chamber method using continuous gold trap atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) (Tekran 2537X) for the analysis of Hg(0) emissions from moderate mass rock samples was developed and tested. A series of black shale and other bedrock samples from Nova Scotia, Canada, were used to test the method and its reproducibility. Hg(0) emissions at 170°C were measured to quantify both free surficial Hg(0) and Hg(0) that had penetrated the rock structure. High volumes of chamber air (45 L) were sampled using 30 min collection times to achieve detectable elemental mercury (Hg(0)) emissions. We found higher percentage masses of Hg(0) were released (1.1%-4.1% of total Hg mass present) in black shale samples as compared to granite and basalt samples from the same region (0.0%-0.3% released) over 350 h of continuous analysis time. The pseudo first order emission rate constants ranged from 0.015-0.245 h-1 (mean 0.063 h-1, standard deviation (SD) 0.102) for the black shale samples analyzed and was 0.004 h-1 for the granite sample. The 24-h zero-order emission rate constants ranged between 0.41 and 3.54 ng h-1 (mean 1.4 ng h-1, SD 1.3) for the black shale samples analyzed and were ~ 0.01 ng h-1 for the granite and basalt samples. This technique has useful implications for examining rock properties and Hg(0) emission rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J O'Driscoll
- Earth and Environmental Science Department, Acadia University, 32 University Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - L Evans
- Earth and Environmental Science Department, Acadia University, 32 University Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - M Mallory
- Biology Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - M Snyder
- Earth and Environmental Science Department, Acadia University, 32 University Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
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2
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Chartrand T, Dalley R, Close J, Goriounova NA, Lee BR, Mann R, Miller JA, Molnar G, Mukora A, Alfiler L, Baker K, Bakken TE, Berg J, Bertagnolli D, Braun T, Brouner K, Casper T, Csajbok EA, Dee N, Egdorf T, Enstrom R, Galakhova AA, Gary A, Gelfand E, Goldy J, Hadley K, Heistek TS, Hill D, Jorstad N, Kim L, Kocsis AK, Kruse L, Kunst M, Leon G, Long B, Mallory M, McGraw M, McMillen D, Melief EJ, Mihut N, Ng L, Nyhus J, Oláh G, Ozsvár A, Omstead V, Peterfi Z, Pom A, Potekhina L, Rajanbabu R, Rozsa M, Ruiz A, Sandle J, Sunkin SM, Szots I, Tieu M, Toth M, Trinh J, Vargas S, Vumbaco D, Williams G, Wilson J, Yao Z, Barzo P, Cobbs C, Ellenbogen RG, Esposito L, Ferreira M, Gouwens NW, Grannan B, Gwinn RP, Hauptman JS, Jarsky T, Keene CD, Ko AL, Koch C, Ojemann JG, Patel A, Ruzevick J, Silbergeld DL, Smith K, Sorensen SA, Tasic B, Ting JT, Waters J, de Kock CPJ, Mansvelder HD, Tamas G, Zeng H, Kalmbach B, Lein ES. Morphoelectric and transcriptomic divergence of the layer 1 interneuron repertoire in human versus mouse neocortex. Science 2023; 382:eadf0805. [PMID: 37824667 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf0805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Neocortical layer 1 (L1) is a site of convergence between pyramidal-neuron dendrites and feedback axons where local inhibitory signaling can profoundly shape cortical processing. Evolutionary expansion of human neocortex is marked by distinctive pyramidal neurons with extensive L1 branching, but whether L1 interneurons are similarly diverse is underexplored. Using Patch-seq recordings from human neurosurgical tissue, we identified four transcriptomic subclasses with mouse L1 homologs, along with distinct subtypes and types unmatched in mouse L1. Subclass and subtype comparisons showed stronger transcriptomic differences in human L1 and were correlated with strong morphoelectric variability along dimensions distinct from mouse L1 variability. Accompanied by greater layer thickness and other cytoarchitecture changes, these findings suggest that L1 has diverged in evolution, reflecting the demands of regulating the expanded human neocortical circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jennie Close
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Natalia A Goriounova
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brian R Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rusty Mann
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Gabor Molnar
- Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits of the Hungarian Academy of Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alice Mukora
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jim Berg
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Eva Adrienn Csajbok
- Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits of the Hungarian Academy of Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tom Egdorf
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Anna A Galakhova
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Amanda Gary
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jeff Goldy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Tim S Heistek
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - DiJon Hill
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nik Jorstad
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lisa Kim
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Agnes Katalin Kocsis
- Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits of the Hungarian Academy of Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lauren Kruse
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Brian Long
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Medea McGraw
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Erica J Melief
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Norbert Mihut
- Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits of the Hungarian Academy of Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lindsay Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julie Nyhus
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gáspár Oláh
- Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits of the Hungarian Academy of Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Ozsvár
- Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits of the Hungarian Academy of Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltan Peterfi
- Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits of the Hungarian Academy of Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alice Pom
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Marton Rozsa
- Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits of the Hungarian Academy of Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Joanna Sandle
- Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits of the Hungarian Academy of Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Ildiko Szots
- Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits of the Hungarian Academy of Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Michael Tieu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martin Toth
- Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits of the Hungarian Academy of Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Sara Vargas
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Julia Wilson
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zizhen Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pal Barzo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Manuel Ferreira
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Grannan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jason S Hauptman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tim Jarsky
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew L Ko
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey G Ojemann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anoop Patel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacob Ruzevick
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel L Silbergeld
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan T Ting
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jack Waters
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christiaan P J de Kock
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Huib D Mansvelder
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gabor Tamas
- Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits of the Hungarian Academy of Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian Kalmbach
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ed S Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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3
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Lee BR, Dalley R, Miller JA, Chartrand T, Close J, Mann R, Mukora A, Ng L, Alfiler L, Baker K, Bertagnolli D, Brouner K, Casper T, Csajbok E, Donadio N, Driessens SLW, Egdorf T, Enstrom R, Galakhova AA, Gary A, Gelfand E, Goldy J, Hadley K, Heistek TS, Hill D, Hou WH, Johansen N, Jorstad N, Kim L, Kocsis AK, Kruse L, Kunst M, León G, Long B, Mallory M, Maxwell M, McGraw M, McMillen D, Melief EJ, Molnar G, Mortrud MT, Newman D, Nyhus J, Opitz-Araya X, Ozsvár A, Pham T, Pom A, Potekhina L, Rajanbabu R, Ruiz A, Sunkin SM, Szöts I, Taskin N, Thyagarajan B, Tieu M, Trinh J, Vargas S, Vumbaco D, Waleboer F, Walling-Bell S, Weed N, Williams G, Wilson J, Yao S, Zhou T, Barzó P, Bakken T, Cobbs C, Dee N, Ellenbogen RG, Esposito L, Ferreira M, Gouwens NW, Grannan B, Gwinn RP, Hauptman JS, Hodge R, Jarsky T, Keene CD, Ko AL, Korshoej AR, Levi BP, Meier K, Ojemann JG, Patel A, Ruzevick J, Silbergeld DL, Smith K, Sørensen JC, Waters J, Zeng H, Berg J, Capogna M, Goriounova NA, Kalmbach B, de Kock CPJ, Mansvelder HD, Sorensen SA, Tamas G, Lein ES, Ting JT. Signature morphoelectric properties of diverse GABAergic interneurons in the human neocortex. Science 2023; 382:eadf6484. [PMID: 37824669 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf6484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Human cortex transcriptomic studies have revealed a hierarchical organization of γ-aminobutyric acid-producing (GABAergic) neurons from subclasses to a high diversity of more granular types. Rapid GABAergic neuron viral genetic labeling plus Patch-seq (patch-clamp electrophysiology plus single-cell RNA sequencing) sampling in human brain slices was used to reliably target and analyze GABAergic neuron subclasses and individual transcriptomic types. This characterization elucidated transitions between PVALB and SST subclasses, revealed morphological heterogeneity within an abundant transcriptomic type, identified multiple spatially distinct types of the primate-specialized double bouquet cells (DBCs), and shed light on cellular differences between homologous mouse and human neocortical GABAergic neuron types. These results highlight the importance of multimodal phenotypic characterization for refinement of emerging transcriptomic cell type taxonomies and for understanding conserved and specialized cellular properties of human brain cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rachel Dalley
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Thomas Chartrand
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jennie Close
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rusty Mann
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alice Mukora
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lindsay Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lauren Alfiler
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Krissy Brouner
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tamara Casper
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Eva Csajbok
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Stan L W Driessens
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Netherlands
| | - Tom Egdorf
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rachel Enstrom
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anna A Galakhova
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Netherlands
| | - Amanda Gary
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Emily Gelfand
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jeff Goldy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kristen Hadley
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tim S Heistek
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Netherlands
| | - Dijon Hill
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Wen-Hsien Hou
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Nik Jorstad
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lisa Kim
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Agnes Katalin Kocsis
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lauren Kruse
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Michael Kunst
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gabriela León
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Brian Long
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Medea McGraw
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Erica J Melief
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gabor Molnar
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Dakota Newman
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Julie Nyhus
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Attila Ozsvár
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Alice Pom
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Ram Rajanbabu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Augustin Ruiz
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Susan M Sunkin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ildikó Szöts
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Naz Taskin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Michael Tieu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jessica Trinh
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sara Vargas
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David Vumbaco
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Femke Waleboer
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Netherlands
| | | | - Natalie Weed
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Grace Williams
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Julia Wilson
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Shenqin Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Thomas Zhou
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Pál Barzó
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Trygve Bakken
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Charles Cobbs
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Richard G Ellenbogen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Luke Esposito
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Manuel Ferreira
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Grannan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ryder P Gwinn
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Jason S Hauptman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rebecca Hodge
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tim Jarsky
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrew L Ko
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Boaz P Levi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kaare Meier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey G Ojemann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anoop Patel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jacob Ruzevick
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Daniel L Silbergeld
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kimberly Smith
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jens Christian Sørensen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Experimental Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jack Waters
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jim Berg
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Marco Capogna
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Natalia A Goriounova
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Netherlands
| | - Brian Kalmbach
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Christiaan P J de Kock
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Netherlands
| | - Huib D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Netherlands
| | | | - Gabor Tamas
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ed S Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jonathan T Ting
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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4
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Bartnik A, Fuchs TA, Ashton K, Kuceyeski A, Li X, Mallory M, Oship D, Bergsland N, Ramasamy D, Jakimovski D, Benedict RHB, Weinstock-Guttman B, Zivadinov R, Dwyer MG. Functional alteration due to structural damage is network dependent: insight from multiple sclerosis. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:6090-6102. [PMID: 36585775 PMCID: PMC10498137 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about how the brain's functional organization changes over time with respect to structural damage. Using multiple sclerosis as a model of structural damage, we assessed how much functional connectivity (FC) changed within and between preselected resting-state networks (RSNs) in 122 subjects (72 with multiple sclerosis and 50 healthy controls). We acquired the structural, diffusion, and functional MRI to compute functional connectomes and structural disconnectivity profiles. Change in FC was calculated by comparing each multiple sclerosis participant's pairwise FC to controls, while structural disruption (SD) was computed from abnormalities in diffusion MRI via the Network Modification tool. We used an ordinary least squares regression to predict the change in FC from SD for 9 common RSNs. We found clear differences in how RSNs functionally respond to structural damage, namely that higher-order networks were more likely to experience changes in FC in response to structural damage (default mode R2 = 0.160-0.207, P < 0.001) than lower-order sensory networks (visual network 1 R2 = 0.001-0.007, P = 0.157-0.387). Our findings suggest that functional adaptability to structural damage depends on how involved the affected network is in higher-order processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bartnik
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
| | - Tom A Fuchs
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
| | - Kira Ashton
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
| | - Amy Kuceyeski
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
- Psychological and Brain Science Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Matthew Mallory
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
| | - Devon Oship
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
| | - Niels Bergsland
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan 20148, Italy
| | - Deepa Ramasamy
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
| | - Dejan Jakimovski
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
| | - Ralph H B Benedict
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
| | - Michael G Dwyer
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
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5
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Gamlin CR, Schneider-Mizell CM, Mallory M, Elabbady L, Gouwens N, Williams G, Mukora A, Dalley R, Bodor A, Brittain D, Buchanan J, Bumbarger D, Kapner D, Kinn S, Mahalingam G, Seshamani S, Takeno M, Torres R, Yin W, Nicovich PR, Bae JA, Castro MA, Dorkenwald S, Halageri A, Jia Z, Jordan C, Kemnitz N, Lee K, Li K, Lu R, Macrina T, Mitchell E, Mondal SS, Mu S, Nehoran B, Popovych S, Silversmith W, Turner NL, Wong W, Wu J, Yu S, Berg J, Jarsky T, Lee B, Seung HS, Zeng H, Reid RC, Collman F, da Costa NM, Sorensen SA. Integrating EM and Patch-seq data: Synaptic connectivity and target specificity of predicted Sst transcriptomic types. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.22.533857. [PMID: 36993629 PMCID: PMC10055412 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.22.533857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Neural circuit function is shaped both by the cell types that comprise the circuit and the connections between those cell types 1 . Neural cell types have previously been defined by morphology 2, 3 , electrophysiology 4, 5 , transcriptomic expression 6-8 , connectivity 9-13 , or even a combination of such modalities 14-16 . More recently, the Patch-seq technique has enabled the characterization of morphology (M), electrophysiology (E), and transcriptomic (T) properties from individual cells 17-20 . Using this technique, these properties were integrated to define 28, inhibitory multimodal, MET-types in mouse primary visual cortex 21 . It is unknown how these MET-types connect within the broader cortical circuitry however. Here we show that we can predict the MET-type identity of inhibitory cells within a large-scale electron microscopy (EM) dataset and these MET-types have distinct ultrastructural features and synapse connectivity patterns. We found that EM Martinotti cells, a well defined morphological cell type 22, 23 known to be Somatostatin positive (Sst+) 24, 25 , were successfully predicted to belong to Sst+ MET-types. Each identified MET-type had distinct axon myelination patterns and synapsed onto specific excitatory targets. Our results demonstrate that morphological features can be used to link cell type identities across imaging modalities, which enables further comparison of connectivity in relation to transcriptomic or electrophysiological properties. Furthermore, our results show that MET-types have distinct connectivity patterns, supporting the use of MET-types and connectivity to meaningfully define cell types.
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6
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Berg J, Sorensen SA, Ting JT, Miller JA, Chartrand T, Buchin A, Bakken TE, Budzillo A, Dee N, Ding SL, Gouwens NW, Hodge RD, Kalmbach B, Lee C, Lee BR, Alfiler L, Baker K, Barkan E, Beller A, Berry K, Bertagnolli D, Bickley K, Bomben J, Braun T, Brouner K, Casper T, Chong P, Crichton K, Dalley R, de Frates R, Desta T, Lee SD, D'Orazi F, Dotson N, Egdorf T, Enstrom R, Farrell C, Feng D, Fong O, Furdan S, Galakhova AA, Gamlin C, Gary A, Glandon A, Goldy J, Gorham M, Goriounova NA, Gratiy S, Graybuck L, Gu H, Hadley K, Hansen N, Heistek TS, Henry AM, Heyer DB, Hill D, Hill C, Hupp M, Jarsky T, Kebede S, Keene L, Kim L, Kim MH, Kroll M, Latimer C, Levi BP, Link KE, Mallory M, Mann R, Marshall D, Maxwell M, McGraw M, McMillen D, Melief E, Mertens EJ, Mezei L, Mihut N, Mok S, Molnar G, Mukora A, Ng L, Ngo K, Nicovich PR, Nyhus J, Olah G, Oldre A, Omstead V, Ozsvar A, Park D, Peng H, Pham T, Pom CA, Potekhina L, Rajanbabu R, Ransford S, Reid D, Rimorin C, Ruiz A, Sandman D, Sulc J, Sunkin SM, Szafer A, Szemenyei V, Thomsen ER, Tieu M, Torkelson A, Trinh J, Tung H, Wakeman W, Waleboer F, Ward K, Wilbers R, Williams G, Yao Z, Yoon JG, Anastassiou C, Arkhipov A, Barzo P, Bernard A, Cobbs C, de Witt Hamer PC, Ellenbogen RG, Esposito L, Ferreira M, Gwinn RP, Hawrylycz MJ, Hof PR, Idema S, Jones AR, Keene CD, Ko AL, Murphy GJ, Ng L, Ojemann JG, Patel AP, Phillips JW, Silbergeld DL, Smith K, Tasic B, Yuste R, Segev I, de Kock CPJ, Mansvelder HD, Tamas G, Zeng H, Koch C, Lein ES. Author Correction: Human neocortical expansion involves glutamatergic neuron diversification. Nature 2022; 601:E12. [PMID: 34992294 PMCID: PMC8770134 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jim Berg
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan T Ting
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Brian Kalmbach
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Changkyu Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian R Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Eliza Barkan
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Allison Beller
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kyla Berry
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Kris Bickley
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Chong
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tsega Desta
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tom Egdorf
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - David Feng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Olivia Fong
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Szabina Furdan
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna A Galakhova
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clare Gamlin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amanda Gary
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jeff Goldy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Natalia A Goriounova
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Hong Gu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Tim S Heistek
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex M Henry
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Djai B Heyer
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - DiJon Hill
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chris Hill
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Madie Hupp
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tim Jarsky
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sara Kebede
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lisa Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lisa Kim
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Caitlin Latimer
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Boaz P Levi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Rusty Mann
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Desiree Marshall
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Medea McGraw
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Erica Melief
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eline J Mertens
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leona Mezei
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Mihut
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Gabor Molnar
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alice Mukora
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lindsay Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kiet Ngo
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Julie Nyhus
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gaspar Olah
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Aaron Oldre
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Attila Ozsvar
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Daniel Park
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Reid
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Josef Sulc
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Aaron Szafer
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Viktor Szemenyei
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Michael Tieu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Herman Tung
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Femke Waleboer
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katelyn Ward
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - René Wilbers
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Zizhen Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pal Barzo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Amy Bernard
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Philip C de Witt Hamer
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Manuel Ferreira
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sander Idema
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew L Ko
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gabe J Murphy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lydia Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Ojemann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anoop P Patel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Daniel L Silbergeld
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Rafael Yuste
- NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Idan Segev
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences and Department of Neurobiology, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Christiaan P J de Kock
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gabor Tamas
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ed S Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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7
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Berg J, Sorensen SA, Ting JT, Miller JA, Chartrand T, Buchin A, Bakken TE, Budzillo A, Dee N, Ding SL, Gouwens NW, Hodge RD, Kalmbach B, Lee C, Lee BR, Alfiler L, Baker K, Barkan E, Beller A, Berry K, Bertagnolli D, Bickley K, Bomben J, Braun T, Brouner K, Casper T, Chong P, Crichton K, Dalley R, de Frates R, Desta T, Lee SD, D'Orazi F, Dotson N, Egdorf T, Enstrom R, Farrell C, Feng D, Fong O, Furdan S, Galakhova AA, Gamlin C, Gary A, Glandon A, Goldy J, Gorham M, Goriounova NA, Gratiy S, Graybuck L, Gu H, Hadley K, Hansen N, Heistek TS, Henry AM, Heyer DB, Hill D, Hill C, Hupp M, Jarsky T, Kebede S, Keene L, Kim L, Kim MH, Kroll M, Latimer C, Levi BP, Link KE, Mallory M, Mann R, Marshall D, Maxwell M, McGraw M, McMillen D, Melief E, Mertens EJ, Mezei L, Mihut N, Mok S, Molnar G, Mukora A, Ng L, Ngo K, Nicovich PR, Nyhus J, Olah G, Oldre A, Omstead V, Ozsvar A, Park D, Peng H, Pham T, Pom CA, Potekhina L, Rajanbabu R, Ransford S, Reid D, Rimorin C, Ruiz A, Sandman D, Sulc J, Sunkin SM, Szafer A, Szemenyei V, Thomsen ER, Tieu M, Torkelson A, Trinh J, Tung H, Wakeman W, Waleboer F, Ward K, Wilbers R, Williams G, Yao Z, Yoon JG, Anastassiou C, Arkhipov A, Barzo P, Bernard A, Cobbs C, de Witt Hamer PC, Ellenbogen RG, Esposito L, Ferreira M, Gwinn RP, Hawrylycz MJ, Hof PR, Idema S, Jones AR, Keene CD, Ko AL, Murphy GJ, Ng L, Ojemann JG, Patel AP, Phillips JW, Silbergeld DL, Smith K, Tasic B, Yuste R, Segev I, de Kock CPJ, Mansvelder HD, Tamas G, Zeng H, Koch C, Lein ES. Human neocortical expansion involves glutamatergic neuron diversification. Nature 2021; 598:151-158. [PMID: 34616067 PMCID: PMC8494638 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03813-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The neocortex is disproportionately expanded in human compared with mouse1,2, both in its total volume relative to subcortical structures and in the proportion occupied by supragranular layers composed of neurons that selectively make connections within the neocortex and with other telencephalic structures. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses of human and mouse neocortex show an increased diversity of glutamatergic neuron types in supragranular layers in human neocortex and pronounced gradients as a function of cortical depth3. Here, to probe the functional and anatomical correlates of this transcriptomic diversity, we developed a robust platform combining patch clamp recording, biocytin staining and single-cell RNA-sequencing (Patch-seq) to examine neurosurgically resected human tissues. We demonstrate a strong correspondence between morphological, physiological and transcriptomic phenotypes of five human glutamatergic supragranular neuron types. These were enriched in but not restricted to layers, with one type varying continuously in all phenotypes across layers 2 and 3. The deep portion of layer 3 contained highly distinctive cell types, two of which express a neurofilament protein that labels long-range projection neurons in primates that are selectively depleted in Alzheimer's disease4,5. Together, these results demonstrate the explanatory power of transcriptomic cell-type classification, provide a structural underpinning for increased complexity of cortical function in humans, and implicate discrete transcriptomic neuron types as selectively vulnerable in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Berg
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan T Ting
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Brian Kalmbach
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Changkyu Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian R Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Eliza Barkan
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Allison Beller
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kyla Berry
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Kris Bickley
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Chong
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tsega Desta
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tom Egdorf
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - David Feng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Olivia Fong
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Szabina Furdan
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna A Galakhova
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clare Gamlin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amanda Gary
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jeff Goldy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Natalia A Goriounova
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Hong Gu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Tim S Heistek
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex M Henry
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Djai B Heyer
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - DiJon Hill
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chris Hill
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Madie Hupp
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tim Jarsky
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sara Kebede
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lisa Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lisa Kim
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Caitlin Latimer
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Boaz P Levi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Rusty Mann
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Desiree Marshall
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Medea McGraw
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Erica Melief
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eline J Mertens
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leona Mezei
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Mihut
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Gabor Molnar
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alice Mukora
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lindsay Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kiet Ngo
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Julie Nyhus
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gaspar Olah
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Aaron Oldre
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Attila Ozsvar
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Daniel Park
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Reid
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Josef Sulc
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Aaron Szafer
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Viktor Szemenyei
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Michael Tieu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Herman Tung
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Femke Waleboer
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katelyn Ward
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - René Wilbers
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Zizhen Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pal Barzo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Amy Bernard
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Philip C de Witt Hamer
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Manuel Ferreira
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sander Idema
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew L Ko
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gabe J Murphy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lydia Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Ojemann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anoop P Patel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Daniel L Silbergeld
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Rafael Yuste
- NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Idan Segev
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences and Department of Neurobiology, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Christiaan P J de Kock
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gabor Tamas
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ed S Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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8
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Gouwens NW, Sorensen SA, Baftizadeh F, Budzillo A, Lee BR, Jarsky T, Alfiler L, Baker K, Barkan E, Berry K, Bertagnolli D, Bickley K, Bomben J, Braun T, Brouner K, Casper T, Crichton K, Daigle TL, Dalley R, de Frates RA, Dee N, Desta T, Lee SD, Dotson N, Egdorf T, Ellingwood L, Enstrom R, Esposito L, Farrell C, Feng D, Fong O, Gala R, Gamlin C, Gary A, Glandon A, Goldy J, Gorham M, Graybuck L, Gu H, Hadley K, Hawrylycz MJ, Henry AM, Hill D, Hupp M, Kebede S, Kim TK, Kim L, Kroll M, Lee C, Link KE, Mallory M, Mann R, Maxwell M, McGraw M, McMillen D, Mukora A, Ng L, Ng L, Ngo K, Nicovich PR, Oldre A, Park D, Peng H, Penn O, Pham T, Pom A, Popović Z, Potekhina L, Rajanbabu R, Ransford S, Reid D, Rimorin C, Robertson M, Ronellenfitch K, Ruiz A, Sandman D, Smith K, Sulc J, Sunkin SM, Szafer A, Tieu M, Torkelson A, Trinh J, Tung H, Wakeman W, Ward K, Williams G, Zhou Z, Ting JT, Arkhipov A, Sümbül U, Lein ES, Koch C, Yao Z, Tasic B, Berg J, Murphy GJ, Zeng H. Integrated Morphoelectric and Transcriptomic Classification of Cortical GABAergic Cells. Cell 2020; 183:935-953.e19. [PMID: 33186530 PMCID: PMC7781065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are frequently classified into distinct types on the basis of structural, physiological, or genetic attributes. To better constrain the definition of neuronal cell types, we characterized the transcriptomes and intrinsic physiological properties of over 4,200 mouse visual cortical GABAergic interneurons and reconstructed the local morphologies of 517 of those neurons. We find that most transcriptomic types (t-types) occupy specific laminar positions within visual cortex, and, for most types, the cells mapping to a t-type exhibit consistent electrophysiological and morphological properties. These properties display both discrete and continuous variation among t-types. Through multimodal integrated analysis, we define 28 met-types that have congruent morphological, electrophysiological, and transcriptomic properties and robust mutual predictability. We identify layer-specific axon innervation pattern as a defining feature distinguishing different met-types. These met-types represent a unified definition of cortical GABAergic interneuron types, providing a systematic framework to capture existing knowledge and bridge future analyses across different modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agata Budzillo
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Brian R Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tim Jarsky
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lauren Alfiler
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Eliza Barkan
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kyla Berry
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Kris Bickley
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jasmine Bomben
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Thomas Braun
- Byte Physics, Schwarzastraße 9, Berlin 12055, Germany
| | - Krissy Brouner
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tamara Casper
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Tanya L Daigle
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rachel Dalley
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tsega Desta
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Tom Egdorf
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Rachel Enstrom
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Luke Esposito
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Colin Farrell
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David Feng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Olivia Fong
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rohan Gala
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Clare Gamlin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Amanda Gary
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Jeff Goldy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Melissa Gorham
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lucas Graybuck
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hong Gu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kristen Hadley
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Alex M Henry
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - DiJon Hill
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Madie Hupp
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sara Kebede
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tae Kyung Kim
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lisa Kim
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Matthew Kroll
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Changkyu Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Rusty Mann
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Medea McGraw
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Alice Mukora
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lindsay Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lydia Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kiet Ngo
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Aaron Oldre
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniel Park
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hanchuan Peng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Osnat Penn
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Thanh Pham
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alice Pom
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Zoran Popović
- Center for Game Science, Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | - Shea Ransford
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David Reid
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | - Augustin Ruiz
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David Sandman
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kimberly Smith
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Josef Sulc
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Susan M Sunkin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Aaron Szafer
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Michael Tieu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Amy Torkelson
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jessica Trinh
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Herman Tung
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Wayne Wakeman
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Katelyn Ward
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Grace Williams
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Anton Arkhipov
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Uygar Sümbül
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ed S Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Zizhen Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bosiljka Tasic
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jim Berg
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gabe J Murphy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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9
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Chamberlain S, Bellnier D, Yendamuri S, Lindenmann J, Demmy T, Nwogu C, Ramer M, Tworek L, Oakley E, Mallory M, Carlsen L, Sexton S, Curtin L, Shafirstein G. An Optical Surface Applicator for Intraoperative Photodynamic Therapy. Lasers Surg Med 2020; 52:523-529. [PMID: 31587314 PMCID: PMC7131890 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Intraoperative photodynamic therapy (IO-PDT) is typically administered by a handheld light source. This can result in uncontrolled distribution of light irradiance that impacts tissue and tumor response to photodynamic therapy. The objective of this work was to characterize a novel optical surface applicator (OSA) designed to administer controlled light irradiance in IO-PDT. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS An OSA was constructed from a flexible silicone mesh applicator with multiple cylindrically diffusing optical fibers (CDF) placed into channels of the silicone. Light irradiance distribution, at 665 nm, was evaluated on the OSA surface and after passage through solid tissue-mimicking optical phantoms by measurements from a multi-channel dosimetry system. As a proof of concept, the light administration of the OSA was tested in a pilot study by conducting a feasibility and performance test with 665-nm laser light to activate 2-(1'-hexyloxyethyl) pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) in the thoracic cavity of adult swine. RESULTS At the OSA surface, the irradiance distribution was non-uniform, ranging from 128 to 346 mW/cm2 . However, in the tissue-mimicking phantoms, beam uniformity improved markedly, with irradiance ranges of 39-153, 33-87, and 12-28 mW/cm2 measured at phantom thicknesses of 3, 5, and 10 mm, respectively. The OSA safely delivered the prescribed light dose to the thoracic cavities of four swine. CONCLUSIONS The OSA can provide predictable light irradiances for administering a well-defined and potentially effective therapeutic light in IO-PDT. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Chamberlain
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Roswell Park), Buffalo, New York
| | - David Bellnier
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Roswell Park), Buffalo, New York
| | - Sai Yendamuri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York
| | - Joerg Lindenmann
- Division of Thoracic and Hyperbaric Surgery, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - Todd Demmy
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Max Ramer
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Roswell Park), Buffalo, New York
| | - Larry Tworek
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Roswell Park), Buffalo, New York
| | - Emily Oakley
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Roswell Park), Buffalo, New York
| | - Matthew Mallory
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Roswell Park), Buffalo, New York
| | - Lindsey Carlsen
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Roswell Park), Buffalo, New York
| | - Sandra Sexton
- Laboratory Animal Shared Resource, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York
| | - Leslie Curtin
- Laboratory Animal Shared Resource, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York
| | - Gal Shafirstein
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Roswell Park), Buffalo, New York
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10
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Oakley E, Bellnier D, Hutson A, Cooper H, Habitzruther M, Sexton S, Curtin L, Tworek L, Mallory M, Henderson B, Shafirstein G. Irradiance, Photofrin ® Dose and Initial Tumor Volume are Key Predictors of Response to Interstitial Photodynamic Therapy of Locally Advanced Cancers in Translational Models. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:397-404. [PMID: 31887227 PMCID: PMC7138700 DOI: 10.1111/php.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to develop a predictive model for Photofrin® -mediated interstitial photodynamic therapy (I-PDT) of locally advanced tumors. Our finite element method was used to simulate 630-nm intratumoral irradiance and fluence for C3H mice and New Zealand White rabbits bearing large squamous cell carcinomas. Animals were treated with light only or I-PDT using the same light settings. I-PDT was administered with Photofrin® at 5.0 or 6.6 mg kg-1 , 24 h drug-light interval. The simulated threshold fluence was fixed at 45 J cm-2 while the simulated threshold irradiance varied, intratumorally. No cures were obtained in the mice treated with a threshold irradiance of 5.4 mW cm-2 . However, 20-90% of the mice were cured when the threshold irradiances were ≥8.6 mW cm-2 . In the rabbits treated with I-PDT, 13 of the 14 VX2 tumors showed either local control or were cured when threshold irradiances were ≥15.3 mW cm-2 and fluence was 45 J cm-2 . No tumor growth delay was observed in VX2 treated with light only (n = 3). In the mouse studies, there was a high probability (92.7%) of predicting cure when the initial tumor volume was below the median (493.9 mm3 ) and I-PDT was administered with a threshold intratumoral irradiance ≥8.6 mW cm-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Oakley
- Photodynamic Therapy CenterRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Roswell Park)BuffaloNY
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell ParkBuffaloNY
| | - David Bellnier
- Photodynamic Therapy CenterRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Roswell Park)BuffaloNY
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell ParkBuffaloNY
| | - Alan Hutson
- Department of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsRoswell ParkBuffaloNY
| | - Hannah Cooper
- Photodynamic Therapy CenterRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Roswell Park)BuffaloNY
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell ParkBuffaloNY
| | - Michael Habitzruther
- Photodynamic Therapy CenterRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Roswell Park)BuffaloNY
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell ParkBuffaloNY
| | - Sandra Sexton
- Laboratory Animals Shared ResourcesRoswell ParkBuffaloNY
| | - Leslie Curtin
- Laboratory Animals Shared ResourcesRoswell ParkBuffaloNY
| | - Lawrence Tworek
- Photodynamic Therapy CenterRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Roswell Park)BuffaloNY
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell ParkBuffaloNY
| | - Matthew Mallory
- Photodynamic Therapy CenterRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Roswell Park)BuffaloNY
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell ParkBuffaloNY
| | - Barbara Henderson
- Photodynamic Therapy CenterRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Roswell Park)BuffaloNY
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell ParkBuffaloNY
| | - Gal Shafirstein
- Photodynamic Therapy CenterRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Roswell Park)BuffaloNY
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell ParkBuffaloNY
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11
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Fuchs TA, Benedict RHB, Bartnik A, Choudhery S, Li X, Mallory M, Oship D, Yasin F, Ashton K, Jakimovski D, Bergsland N, Ramasamy DP, Weinstock-Guttman B, Zivadinov R, Dwyer MG. Preserved network functional connectivity underlies cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:5231-5241. [PMID: 31444887 PMCID: PMC6864900 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive reserve is one's mental resilience or resistance to the effects of structural brain damage. Reserve effects are well established in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and Alzheimer's disease, but the neural basis of this phenomenon is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether preservation of functional connectivity explains cognitive reserve. Seventy‐four PwMS and 29 HCs underwent neuropsychological assessment and 3 T MRI. Structural damage measures included gray matter (GM) atrophy and network white matter (WM) tract disruption between pairs of GM regions. Resting‐state functional connectivity was also assessed. PwMS exhibited significantly impaired cognitive processing speed (t = 2.14, p = .037) and visual/spatial memory (t = 2.72, p = .008), and had significantly greater variance in functional connectivity relative to HCs within relevant networks (p < .001, p < .001, p = .016). Higher premorbid verbal intelligence, a proxy for cognitive reserve, predicted relative preservation of functional connectivity despite accumulation of GM atrophy (standardized‐β = .301, p = .021). Furthermore, preservation of functional connectivity attenuated the impact of structural network WM tract disruption on cognition (β = −.513, p = .001, for cognitive processing speed; β = −.209, p = .066, for visual/spatial memory). The data suggests that preserved functional connectivity explains cognitive reserve in PwMS, helping to maintain cognitive capacity despite structural damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom A Fuchs
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Ralph H B Benedict
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Alexander Bartnik
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Sanjeevani Choudhery
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Matthew Mallory
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Devon Oship
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Faizan Yasin
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Kira Ashton
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Dejan Jakimovski
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Niels Bergsland
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Deepa P Ramasamy
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Center for Biomedical Imaging, Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Michael G Dwyer
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
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12
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Mallory M, Kauweloa K, Staecker H, Camarata P, Chamoun R, Badkul R, Tennapel M, Wang F. The Effect of Debulking Surgery on Brainstem Dosimetry and Toxicity for Large Vestibular Schwannomas Treated with Fractionated Stereotactic Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Garner K, Jensen J, Nabholz L, Husmann C, Trytek D, Mallory M, Taylor L, Sullivan D. VA OFFICE OF RURAL HEALTH ENTERPRISE WIDE INITIATIVE—ADVANCE CARE PLANNING VIA GROUP VISITS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Garner
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center
| | - J Jensen
- VISN 16/Little Rock, GRECC, Department of Veteran Affairs
| | - L Nabholz
- VISN 16/Little Rock, GRECC, Department of Veteran Affairs
| | - C Husmann
- White River Junction VAMC, Department of Veteran Affairs
| | - D Trytek
- Canandaigua VA Medical Center, Department of Veteran Affairs
| | - M Mallory
- VISN 16/Little Rock GRECC Department of Veteran Affairs
| | - L Taylor
- Central Office, Department of Veteran Affairs
| | - D Sullivan
- VISN 16/Little Rock GRECC Department of Veteran Affairs
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14
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Fuchs TA, Dwyer MG, Kuceyeski A, Choudhery S, Carolus K, Li X, Mallory M, Weinstock-Guttman B, Jakimovski D, Ramasamy D, Zivadinov R, Benedict RHB. White matter tract network disruption explains reduced conscientiousness in multiple sclerosis. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3682-3690. [PMID: 29740964 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying white matter (WM) tract disruption in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) provides a novel means for investigating the relationship between defective network connectivity and clinical markers. PwMS exhibit perturbations in personality, where decreased Conscientiousness is particularly prominent. This trait deficit influences disease trajectory and functional outcomes such as work capacity. We aimed to identify patterns of WM tract disruption related to decreased Conscientiousness in PwMS. Personality assessment and brain MRI were obtained in 133 PwMS and 49 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Lesion maps were applied to determine the severity of WM tract disruption between pairs of gray matter regions. Next, the Network-Based-Statistics tool was applied to identify structural networks whose disruption negatively correlates with Conscientiousness. Finally, to determine whether these networks explain unique variance above conventional MRI measures and cognition, regression models were applied controlling for age, sex, brain volume, T2-lesion volume, and cognition. Relative to HCs, PwMS exhibited lower Conscientiousness and slowed cognitive processing speed (p = .025, p = .006). Lower Conscientiousness in PwMS was significantly associated with WM tract disruption between frontal, frontal-parietal, and frontal-cingulate pathways in the left (p = .02) and right (p = .01) hemisphere. The mean disruption of these pathways explained unique additive variance in Conscientiousness, after accounting for conventional MRI markers of pathology and cognition (ΔR2 = .049, p = .029). Damage to WM tracts between frontal, frontal-parietal, and frontal-cingulate cortical regions is significantly correlated with reduced Conscientiousness in PwMS. Tract disruption within these networks explains decreased Conscientiousness observed in PwMS as compared with HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom A Fuchs
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Michael G Dwyer
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Amy Kuceyeski
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Radiology, The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, 407 East 61st St, RR-115, New York, New York
| | - Sanjeevani Choudhery
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Keith Carolus
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Matthew Mallory
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Dejan Jakimovski
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Deepa Ramasamy
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Center for Biomedical Imaging, Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York.,Center for Biomedical Imaging, Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
| | - Ralph H B Benedict
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
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Mallory M, Sood S, Tennapel M, Chen A, Lominska C. Dosimetric Impact of Metal Artifacts From Dental Implants and Clinical Implications for Head And Neck IMRT Treatment Planning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.12.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Mallory M, Butler-Xu Y, Chen AM. Irradiation of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer: Is less really more? Oncotarget 2018; 9:12546-12547. [PMID: 29560086 PMCID: PMC5849150 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mallory
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas, KS, USA
| | - Yiqing Butler-Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas, KS, USA
| | - Allen M Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas, KS, USA
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Mallory M, Pokhrel D, Badkul R, Jiang H, Lominska C, Wang F. Volumetric modulated arc therapy treatment planning of thoracic vertebral metastases using stereotactic body radiotherapy. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2018; 19:54-61. [PMID: 29349867 PMCID: PMC5849835 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose/Objectives To retrospectively evaluate the plan quality, treatment efficiency, and accuracy of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for thoracic spine metastases using stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Materials/Methods Seven patients with thoracic vertebral metastases treated with noncoplanar hybrid arcs (NCHA) (1 to 2 3D‐conformal partial arcs +7 to 9 IMRT beams) were re‐optimized with VMAT plans using three coplanar arcs. Tumors were located between T2 and T7 and PTVs ranged between 24.3 and 240.1 cc (median 48.1 cc). All prescriptions were 30 Gy in 5 fractions with 6 MV beams treated using the Novalis Tx linac equipped with high definition multileaf collimators (HDMLC). MR images were fused with planning CTs for target and OAR contouring. Plans were compared for target coverage using conformality index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), D90, D98, D2, and Dmedian. Normal tissue sparing was evaluated by comparing doses to the spinal cord (Dmax, D0.35, and D1.2 cc), esophagus (Dmax and D5 cc), heart (Dmax, D15 cc), and lung (V5 and V10). Data analysis was performed with a two‐sided t‐test for each set of parameters. Dose delivery efficiency and accuracy of each VMAT plan was assessed via quality assurance (QA) using a MapCHECK device. The Beam‐on time (BOT) was recorded, and a gamma index was used to compare dose agreement between the planned and measured doses. Results VMAT plans resulted in improved CI (1.02 vs. 1.36, P = 0.05), HI (0.14 vs. 0.27, P = 0.01), D98 (28.4 vs. 26.8 Gy, P = 0.03), D2 (32.9 vs. 36.0 Gy, P = 0.02), and Dmedian (31.4 vs. 33.7 Gy, P = 0.01). D90 was improved but not statistically significant (30.4 vs. 31.0 Gy, P = 0.38). VMAT plans showed statistically significant improvements in normal tissue sparing: Esophagus Dmax (22.5 vs. 27.0 Gy, P = 0.03), Esophagus 5 cc (17.6 vs. 21.5 Gy, P = 0.02), and Heart Dmax (13.1 vs. 15.8 Gy, P = 0.03). Improvements were also observed in spinal cord and lung sparing as well but were not statistically significant. The BOT showed significant reduction for VMAT, 4.7 ± 0.6 min vs. 7.1 ± 1 min for NCHA (not accounting for couch kicks). VMAT plans demonstrated an accurate dose delivery of 95.5 ± 1.0% for clinical gamma passing rate of 3%/3 mm criteria, which was similar to NCHA plans. Conclusions VMAT plans have shown improved dose distributions and normal tissue sparing compared to NCHA plans. Significant reductions in treatment time could potentially minimize patient discomfort and intrafraction movement errors. VMAT planning for SBRT is an attractive option for the treatment of metastases to thoracic vertebrae, and further investigation using alternative fractionation schedules is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mallory
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Damodar Pokhrel
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky Chandler Hospital, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Rajeev Badkul
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hongyu Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Christopher Lominska
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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18
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Mallory M, Wang F, Badkul R, Tennapel M, Camarata P, Staecker H, Chamoun R. Fractionated Stereotactic Radiation Therapy for Large Vestibular Schwannomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Hargan KE, Michelutti N, Coleman K, Grooms C, Blais JM, Kimpe LE, Gilchrist G, Mallory M, Smol JP. Cliff-nesting seabirds influence production and sediment chemistry of lakes situated above their colony. Sci Total Environ 2017; 576:85-98. [PMID: 27780103 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Seabirds that congregate in large numbers during the breeding season concentrate marine-derived nutrients to their terrestrial nesting sites, and these nutrients disperse and enhance production in nearby terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. In the Canadian Arctic, large seabird colonies (>100,000 breeding pairs) nest on cliff faces that drain directly in the ocean, ultimately returning the nutrients back to the marine environment from which they were derived. However, strong winds blowing up cliff faces could transport nutrients up in elevation and onto surrounding terrestrial and aquatic environments. Here, we assess the degree to which seabird nutrients and metals have been delivered to coastal lakes near Hudson Strait (Nunavut, Canada) over the past century. Three lakes located at a higher elevation and increasing distance from a thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia) colony (~400,000 breeding pairs) were sampled for surface water chemistry. In addition, algal assemblages, nitrogen isotopes, and metal/metalloids were analyzed in four dated sediment cores. Elevated nutrients and major ions, as well as an enriched δ15N signature in the sediment cores, were measured in the lake <100m from the cliff, whilst no comparable changes were recorded in lakes >1km from the seabird colony. In contrast, similar oligotrophic and benthic diatom assemblages were identified in all three lakes, suggesting that diatoms were not influenced by enhanced nutrient inputs in this Arctic environment. Chemical tracers (e.g., total mercury) and algal assemblages in the lake near the colony suggest climate warming since ~1950 was the most likely driver of limnological changes, but this effect was muted in the more distant lakes. These pronounced changes in the seabird-impacted lake suggest that, with warming air temperatures and diminished lake ice cover, longer growing seasons may allow for aquatic organisms to more fully exploit the seabird nutrient subsidies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Hargan
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - N Michelutti
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - K Coleman
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - C Grooms
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - J M Blais
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - L E Kimpe
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - G Gilchrist
- Wildlife Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Ottawa K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - M Mallory
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Ave., Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - J P Smol
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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Pokhrel D, Sood S, McClinton C, Shen X, Badkul R, Jiang H, Mallory M, Mitchell M, Wang F, Lominska C. On the use of volumetric-modulated arc therapy for single-fraction thoracic vertebral metastases stereotactic body radiosurgery. Med Dosim 2017; 42:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meddos.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Mallory M, Pokhrel D, Badkul R, Jiang H, Wang F, Lominska C. Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) Treatment Planning for Thoracic Vertebral Metastases Using Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.2257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Pokhrel D, Mallory M, Badkul R, Jiang H, Saleh H, Wang F, Lominska C. SU-F-T-632: On the Use of Intensity Modulated Arc Therapy for Thoracic Vertebral Metastases SBRT Treatment. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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23
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Losk K, Mallory M, Caterson S, Camuso K, Cutone L, Roberts P, Lin N, Bunnell C, Golshan M. Abstract P2-13-12: Implementation of a breast/reconstructive surgery coordinator to reduce preoperative delays for patients undergoing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p2-13-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The scheduling of mastectomy with immediate reconstruction (M-IR) procedures requires coordination between breast and plastic surgical teams that can contribute to delays in breast cancer treatment and subsequently impact patient outcomes and satisfaction. The breast center leadership at our comprehensive cancer center established a time-to-treatment target of 28 days from initial consultation with a breast surgical oncologist to M-IR. We sought to determine if a centralized breast surgical coordinator (BC) could reduce preoperative delays.
Methods
We initiated a 60-day pilot program to evaluate the impact of a BC on the workflow, efficiency, and timeliness for patients seen at our breast center. All reconstructive surgery candidates were referred to the BC, who had access to the clinic and operating room schedules of the breast and plastic surgeons. The BC worked with patients and both surgical services to identify the earliest consult and surgery dates and facilitated case booking. Interval days between initial surgical consult and M-IR were calculated. The median time to M-IR and the proportion of M-IR cases that met the time-to-treatment goal was determined. These results were compared to a reference cohort of breast cancer patients undergoing M-IR during the same time period (January-March) in 2013 and 2014, who had their consults and surgeries scheduled independently by breast surgery administrative staff. Patients who received neoadjuvant therapy or did not have a definitive cancer diagnosis at initial consultation were excluded from the time-to-treatment calculation.
Results
A total of 99 patients were referred to the BC (62% cancer, 21% neoadjuvant, and 17% prophylactic) during the pilot period. Focusing exclusively on patients with a definitive breast cancer diagnosis at initial consultation, an 18.5% increase in the percentage of cases that met the target (p=0.04), and a 7 day decrease in the median number of days to M-IR (p=0.02) was observed with the implementation of the BC (Table 1).
Table 1: Days to M-IR Pre and Post Implementation of BCPatients (N)Median Days to M-IR (IQR)% M-IR within 28 daysBaseline (59)40.0 (17.0)23.7%BC (45)33.0 (20.0)42.2%p-value0.020.04
Conclusion
The coordination of care between breast surgical and reconstructive services presents timeliness challenges which may be partially alleviated through the implementation of a BC role. Establishing a centralized position to coordinate co-surgeon cases has improved time-to-treatment for M-IR at our cancer center. Further research is warranted to validate these preliminary findings, and determine the impact the BC has on operational efficiency and workflows.
Citation Format: Losk K, Mallory M, Caterson S, Camuso K, Cutone L, Roberts P, Lin N, Bunnell C, Golshan M. Implementation of a breast/reconstructive surgery coordinator to reduce preoperative delays for patients undergoing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-13-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Losk
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Brigham and Women's Hopsital, Boston, MA
| | - M Mallory
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Brigham and Women's Hopsital, Boston, MA
| | - S Caterson
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Brigham and Women's Hopsital, Boston, MA
| | - K Camuso
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Brigham and Women's Hopsital, Boston, MA
| | - L Cutone
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Brigham and Women's Hopsital, Boston, MA
| | - P Roberts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Brigham and Women's Hopsital, Boston, MA
| | - N Lin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Brigham and Women's Hopsital, Boston, MA
| | - C Bunnell
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Brigham and Women's Hopsital, Boston, MA
| | - M Golshan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Brigham and Women's Hopsital, Boston, MA
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Mallory M, Gogineni E, Jones GC, Greer L, Simone CB. Therapeutic hyperthermia: The old, the new, and the upcoming. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 97:56-64. [PMID: 26315383 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia has long been used for cancer treatment, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both. Its efficacy and versatility continue to be well demonstrated in randomized trials across a number of primary cancers, but barriers to its widespread adoption persist including effective delivery and verification systems. This article describes hyperthermia, details its biological mechanisms of action and immunological effects, and summarizes select preclinical data and key clinical trials combining hyperthermia with standard cancer treatments. Current challenges and emerging technologies that have the potential to make this translational therapy more accessible to a greater number of patients are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mallory
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Internal Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Emile Gogineni
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
| | - Guy C Jones
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Lester Greer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, 9300 DeWitt Loop Fort Belvoir, 22060, VA, USA.
| | - Charles B Simone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA.
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Stukenborg GJ, Blackhall L, Harrison J, Barclay JS, Dillon P, Davis MA, Mallory M, Read P. Cancer patient-reported outcomes assessment using wireless touch screen tablet computers. Qual Life Res 2013; 23:1603-7. [PMID: 24307212 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-013-0595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the feasibility of collecting patient-reported outcomes data with wireless touch screen tablet computers in the adult oncology palliative care setting. METHODS Patients were provided with tablet computers during scheduled clinic visits and answered online queries about their experience over the past week in the health domains of anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain interference, physical function, instrumental social support, sleep impairment, diarrhea, constipation, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, dyspnea, neuropathy, and spiritual values. RESULTS Content analysis of patient interviews indicates that wireless touch screen tablet computers are a feasible approach for collecting patient-reported outcome measures by palliative care cancer patients presenting in clinic. Most patients indicated that the questionnaire was easy to answer. However, all but one patient requested some form of assistance, and many reported difficulties attributable to a lack of familiarity with the device, interpretation of certain questions, and wireless connectivity-related issues. CONCLUSIONS This feasibility study demonstrates that tablet computers have the potential to efficiently and reliably collect patient-reported health status measures among palliative care cancer patients presenting in clinics. The use of these devices may lead to substantial improvements by making patient-reported outcomes available for clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Stukenborg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA,
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26
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Chen Q, Mallory M, Best R, Crandley E, Khandelwal S. Tomotherapy Fixed-Beam 3DCRT for Accelerated Whole Breast Irradiation With Concomitant Boost. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Mallory M, Chartrand K, Gauthier ER. GADD153 expression does not necessarily correlate with changes in culture behavior of hybridoma cells. BMC Biotechnol 2007; 7:89. [PMID: 18070358 PMCID: PMC2222238 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-7-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The acute sensitivity of some hybridoma cell lines to culture-related stresses severely limits their productivity. Recent developments in the characterization of the stress signals modulating the cellular phenotype revealed that the pro-apoptotic transcription factor Gadd153 could be used as a marker to facilitate the optimization of mammalian cell cultures. In this report, we analyzed the expression of Gadd153 in Sp2/0-Ag14 murine hybridoma cells grown in stationary batch culture and subjected to two different culture optimization paradigms: L-glutamine supplementation and ectopic expression of Bcl-xL, an anti-apoptotic gene. Results The expression of Gadd153 was found to increase in Sp2/0-Ag14 cells in a manner which coincided with the decline in cell viability. L-glutamine supplementation prolonged Sp2/0-Ag14 cell survival and greatly suppressed Gadd153 expression both at the mRNA and protein level. However, Gadd153 levels remained low after L-glutamine supplementation even as cell viability declined. Bcl-xL overexpression also extended Sp2/0-Ag14 cell viability, initially delayed the induction of Gadd153, but did not prevent the increase in Gadd153 protein levels during the later phase of the culture, when cell viability was declining. Interestingly, L-glutamine supplementation prevented Gadd153 up-regulation in cells ectopically expressing Bcl-xL, but had no effect on cell viability. Conclusion This study highlights important limitations to the use of Gadd153 as an indicator of cell stress in hybridoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mallory
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
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28
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Gauthier ER, Mallory M. Tight control of cell viability by L‐glutamine in Sp2/0‐Ag14 hybridoma cells. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.6.lb35-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Mallory
- BiologyLaurentian University935 Ramsey Lake RoadSudburyP3E 2C6Canada
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Everall IP, Heaton RK, Marcotte TD, Ellis RJ, McCutchan JA, Atkinson JH, Grant I, Mallory M, Masliah E. Cortical synaptic density is reduced in mild to moderate human immunodeficiency virus neurocognitive disorder. HNRC Group. HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center. Brain Pathol 2006; 9:209-17. [PMID: 10219738 PMCID: PMC8098484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic and synaptic damage (without frank neuronal loss) may be seen in milder human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related cognitive disorders. Synapse volume estimates, performed by stereological methods, could enhance the ability to detect subtle neuronal changes that may accompany cognitive impairment in HIV infection. For the present study, synaptic density and neuronal number were assessed by combined stereology/confocal microscopy and these measures were then correlated with ante-mortem levels of cognitive performance in AIDS patients. Three-dimensional stereological measures showed a significant correlation between reduced synaptic density and poor neuropsychological performance. To evaluate the specificity of any observed associations, additional variables including viral burden, astrogliosis and number of calbindin-immunoreactive neurons were measured. Factor analysis of a set of neuropathological variables revealed two factors; one defined by synaptic density and volume fraction, calbindin pyramidal neuronal densities and viral burden; the second by astrocytosis and calbindin interneuron density. Only the first factor correlated significantly with neuropsychological functioning during life. It is concluded that a combination of factors including synaptic damage, specific neuronal loss and increasing viral load underlies HIV-associated cognitive impairment. As synaptic damage is potentially reversible, early diagnosis and treatment of mild cogntive disorders may improve functioning and prevent the progression of brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Everall
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
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30
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Rockenstein E, Mallory M, Mante M, Alford M, Windisch M, Moessler H, Masliah E. Effects of Cerebrolysin on amyloid-beta deposition in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm Suppl 2003:327-36. [PMID: 12456076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the potential mechanisms through which Cerebrolysin, a neuroprotective noothropic agent, might affect Alzheimer's disease pathology. Transgenic (tg) mice expressing mutant human (h) amyloid precursor protein 751 (APP751) cDNA under the Thy-1 promoter (mThy1-hAPP751) were treated for four weeks with this compound and analyzed by confocal microscopy to asses its effects on amyloid plaque formation and neurodegeneration. In this model, amyloid plaques in the brain are found much earlier (beginning at 3 months) than in other tg models. Quantitative computer-aided analysis with anti-amyloid-beta protein (A beta) antibodies, revealed that Cerebrolysin significantly reduced the amyloid burden in the frontal cortex of 5-month-old mice. Furthermore, Cerebrolysin treatment reduced the levels of A beta(1-42). This was accompanied by amelioration of the synaptic alterations in the frontal cortex of mThy1-hAPP751 tg mice. In conclusion, the present study supports the possibility that Cerebrolysin might have neuroprotective effects by decreasing the production of A beta(1-42) and reducing amyloid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624, USA
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Rockenstein E, Mallory M, Mante M, Sisk A, Masliaha E. Early formation of mature amyloid-beta protein deposits in a mutant APP transgenic model depends on levels of Abeta(1-42). J Neurosci Res 2001; 66:573-82. [PMID: 11746377 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to develop an alternative singly-transgenic (tg) hAPP model where amyloid deposition will occur at an earlier age. For this purpose, we generated lines of tg mice expressing hAPP751 cDNA containing the London (V717I) and Swedish (K670M/N671L) mutations under the regulatory control of the murine (m)Thy-1 gene (mThy1-hAPP751). In the brains of the highest (line 41) and intermediate (lines 16 and 11) expressers, high levels of hAPP expression were found in neurons in layers 4-5 of the neocortex, hippocampal CA1 and olfactory bulb. As early as 3-4 months of age, line 41 mice developed mature plaques in the frontal cortex, whereas at 5-7 months plaque formation extended to the hippocampus, thalamus and olfactory region. Ultrastructural and double-immunolabeling analysis confirmed that most plaques were mature and contained dystrophic neurites immunoreactive with antibodies against APP, synaptophysin, neurofilament and tau. In addition, a decrease in the number of synaptophysin-immunoreactive terminals was most prominent in the frontal cortex of mice from line 41. Mice from line 11 developed diffuse amyloid deposits at 11 months of age, whereas mice from line 16 did not show evidence of amyloid deposition. Analysis of Abeta by ELISA showed that levels of Abeta(1-40) were higher in mice that did not show any amyloid deposits (line 16), whereas Abeta(1-42) was the predominant species in tg animals from the lines showing plaque formation (lines 41 and 11). Taken together this study indicates that early onset plaque formation depends on levels of Abeta(1-42).
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MESH Headings
- Aging/genetics
- Aging/metabolism
- Alzheimer Disease/genetics
- Alzheimer Disease/metabolism
- Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/genetics
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/ultrastructure
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/metabolism
- Animals
- Benzothiazoles
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/pathology
- Brain/physiopathology
- Congo Red
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Neurologic Mutants
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Electron
- Mutagenesis, Insertional
- Mutation/physiology
- Neurites/metabolism
- Neurites/pathology
- Neurites/ultrastructure
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/pathology
- Neurons/ultrastructure
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/ultrastructure
- Plaque, Amyloid/genetics
- Plaque, Amyloid/metabolism
- Plaque, Amyloid/ultrastructure
- Presynaptic Terminals/metabolism
- Presynaptic Terminals/pathology
- Presynaptic Terminals/ultrastructure
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/physiology
- Thiazoles
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0624, USA
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32
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Chen Q, Yoshida H, Schubert D, Maher P, Mallory M, Masliah E. Presenilin binding protein is associated with neurofibrillary alterations in Alzheimer's disease and stimulates tau phosphorylation. Am J Pathol 2001; 159:1597-602. [PMID: 11696419 PMCID: PMC1867048 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel presenilin binding protein, PBP, has recently been identified. PBP is localized to the particulate fraction of extracts of Alzheimer's disease brain but is found in the soluble fractions of brain from age matched normal controls. It is shown here that PBP is associated with neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease brain. In addition, the expression of PBP increases the phosphorylation of tau in cultured cells. Therefore PBP may have a regulatory role in tau phosphorylation and in the genesis of neurofibrillary tangles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Chen
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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33
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Abstract
We characterized beta-synuclein, the non-amyloidogenic homolog of alpha-synuclein, as an inhibitor of aggregation of alpha-synuclein, a molecule implicated in Parkinson's disease. For this, doubly transgenic mice expressing human (h) alpha- and beta-synuclein were generated. In doubly transgenic mice, beta-synuclein ameliorated motor deficits, neurodegenerative alterations, and neuronal alpha-synuclein accumulation seen in halpha-synuclein transgenic mice. Similarly, cell lines transfected with beta-synuclein were resistant to alpha-synuclein accumulation. halpha-synuclein was coimmunoprecipitated with hbeta-synuclein in the brains of doubly transgenic mice and in the double-transfected cell lines. Our results raise the possibility that beta-synuclein might be a natural negative regulator of alpha-synuclein aggregation and that a similar class of endogenous factors might regulate the aggregation state of other molecules involved in neurodegeneration. Such an anti-amyloidogenic property of beta-synuclein might also provide a novel strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hashimoto
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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34
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Masliah E, Rockenstein E, Veinbergs I, Sagara Y, Mallory M, Hashimoto M, Mucke L. beta-amyloid peptides enhance alpha-synuclein accumulation and neuronal deficits in a transgenic mouse model linking Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:12245-50. [PMID: 11572944 PMCID: PMC59799 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.211412398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are associated with the cerebral accumulation of beta-amyloid and alpha-synuclein, respectively. Some patients have clinical and pathological features of both diseases, raising the possibility of overlapping pathogenetic pathways. We generated transgenic (tg) mice with neuronal expression of human beta-amyloid peptides, alpha-synuclein, or both. The functional and morphological alterations in doubly tg mice resembled the Lewy-body variant of Alzheimer's disease. These mice had severe deficits in learning and memory, developed motor deficits before alpha-synuclein singly tg mice, and showed prominent age-dependent degeneration of cholinergic neurons and presynaptic terminals. They also had more alpha-synuclein-immunoreactive neuronal inclusions than alpha-synuclein singly tg mice. Ultrastructurally, some of these inclusions were fibrillar in doubly tg mice, whereas all inclusions were amorphous in alpha-synuclein singly tg mice. beta-Amyloid peptides promoted aggregation of alpha-synuclein in a cell-free system and intraneuronal accumulation of alpha-synuclein in cell culture. beta-Amyloid peptides may contribute to the development of Lewy-body diseases by promoting the aggregation of alpha-synuclein and exacerbating alpha-synuclein-dependent neuronal pathologies. Therefore, treatments that block the production or accumulation of beta-amyloid peptides could benefit a broader spectrum of disorders than previously anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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35
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Rockenstein E, Hansen LA, Mallory M, Trojanowski JQ, Galasko D, Masliah E. Altered expression of the synuclein family mRNA in Lewy body and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2001; 914:48-56. [PMID: 11578596 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02772-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to determine if levels of alpha-, beta- and/or gamma-synuclein mRNAs are differentially affected in brains of Lewy body disease (LBD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, compared to controls. In control cases, highest levels of expression were observed in the neocortex and the lowest in basal ganglia and substantia nigra. beta-Synuclein was the most abundant message (75-80%), followed by gamma-synuclein (10-15%) and alpha-synuclein (8-10%). Analysis of the superior temporal cortex, a region selectively affected in LBD and AD, showed that compared to controls, levels of alpha-synuclein were increased in cases of diffuse LBD (DLBD), levels of beta-synuclein were decreased in AD and DLBD, and levels of gamma-synuclein were increased in AD cases. This study suggests that a critical balance among products of the synuclein gene is important to maintain normal brain function and that alterations in this balance might be associated with neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624, USA
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36
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Veinbergs I, Van Uden E, Mallory M, Alford M, McGiffert C, DeTeresa R, Orlando R, Masliah E. Role of apolipoprotein E receptors in regulating the differential in vivo neurotrophic effects of apolipoprotein E. Exp Neurol 2001; 170:15-26. [PMID: 11421580 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.2001.7684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is known to bind to at least five receptors, including the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein (LRP), very low density LDL receptor (VLDL-R), LDL-R, apoE receptor 2 (apoER2), and megalin/gp330. In this context, the main objective of the present study was to better understand the contributions of LRP and LDL-R to the in vivo neurotrophic effects of apoE. For this purpose, apoE-deficient and receptor-associated protein (RAP)-deficient mice were infused with recombinant apoE3, RAP, or saline. Infusion of apoE3 into apoE-deficient mice resulted in amelioration of degenerative alterations of pyramidal neurons, but had no effect on somatostatin-producing interneurons. In contrast, infusion of apoE3 into RAP-deficient mice resulted in amelioration of degenerative alterations of somatostatin-producing interneurons. LRP and LDL-R levels were significantly reduced in RAP-deficient mice, but significantly increased in the apoE-deficient mice. In contrast, levels of apoE were reduced in the RAP-deficient mice compared to wildtype controls, suggesting that neurotrophic effects of apoE3 in the RAP-deficient mice were related to a combined deficit in endogenous apoE and selected apoE receptors. Furthermore, in apoE-deficient mice, infusion of apoE3 had a neurotrophic effect on somatostatin-producing interneurons only when combined with RAP, suggesting that increased expression of apoE receptors in apoE-deficient mice prevented apoE from rescuing somatostatin-producing neurons. This study supports the contention that some of the in vivo neurotrophic effects of apoE are mediated by LRP and LDL-R and that a critical balance between levels of apoE and its receptors is necessary for the differential neurotrophic effects to appear.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Veinbergs
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624, USA
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37
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Abstract
Regulation of extracellular excitotoxins by glial and neuronal glutamate transporters is critical to maintain synaptic terminal integrity. Factors interfering with the normal functioning of these transporters might be involved in neurodegeneration. Among them, recent studies have shown that hypoxia alters glutamate transporter function; however, it is unclear if hypoxia has an effect on the expression of glutamate transporters and which intracellular signaling pathways are involved. The C6 rat glial and GT1--7 mouse neuronal cell lines were exposed to hypoxic conditions (5% CO(2), 95% N(2)) and levels of glutamate transporter mRNA were determined by ribonuclease protection assay. After 21 hr, there was a 100% increase in levels of rat excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) mRNA in C6 cells and a 600% increase in levels of murine EAAT2 mRNA in GT1--7 cells. There was a similar increase in mRNA levels after hypoxia in C6 cells transfected with human EAAT2, whereas reoxygenation normalized the expression levels of glutamate transporters. Although the expression of EAATs was associated with increased immunoreactivity by Western blot, functioning of the transporters was decreased as evidenced by D-aspartate uptake. Finally, although the protein kinase C stimulator phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate enhanced EAAT2 mRNA levels after hypoxia, protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I had the opposite effect. Taken together, this study suggests that the hypoxia is capable of upregulating levels of EAATs via a protein kinase C-dependent compensatory mechanism. This increased expression is not sufficient to overcome the decreased functioning of the EAATs associated with decreased ATP production and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hsu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0624, USA
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38
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Masliah E, Sisk A, Mallory M, Games D. Neurofibrillary pathology in transgenic mice overexpressing V717F beta-amyloid precursor protein. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2001; 60:357-68. [PMID: 11305871 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/60.4.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of mutated human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP717V-->F) under control of the platelet-derived growth factor promoter (PDAPP minigene) in transgenic (tg) mice results in plaque formation and astroglial activation similar to Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the extent of the neurofibrillary pathology in this model is less understood. In order to determine if these mice develop AD-like neurofibrillary pathology, vibratome sections from PDAPP tg mice (4- to 20-months-old) were immunolabeled with antibodies against phosphorylated tau (AT8) and phosphorylated neurofilaments (SMI 312, TA51), and analyzed by laser scanning confocal and electron microscopy. Phosphorylated neurofilament-immunoreactive dystrophic neurites in plaques were first seen in mice at 10 to 12 months of age, while phosphorylated tau-immunoreactive dystrophic neurites were observed after 14 months of age. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis revealed that phosphorylated neurofilament immunoreactivity was diffusely distributed along filamentous aggregates (12-15 nm in diameter) in the plaque dystrophic neurites, and occasionally in neuronal cell bodies. In contrast, phosphorylated tau immunoreactivity was observed as clusters distributed along filamentous structures accumulating in the dystrophic neurites and around neurotubules in the axons. However, no paired helical filaments were observed. Taken together, these studies indicate that the PDAPP tg model recapitulates early cytoskeletal pathology similar to that observed in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0624, USA
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39
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Everall IP, Trillo-Pazos G, Bell C, Mallory M, Sanders V, Masliah E. Amelioration of neurotoxic effects of HIV envelope protein gp120 by fibroblast growth factor: a strategy for neuroprotection. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2001; 60:293-301. [PMID: 11245213 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/60.3.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately two thirds of patients with human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis (HIVE) show cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration, while one third are cognitively unimpaired and their neuronal populations are preserved. Thus, it is possible that these individuals might have the capacity to produce neurotrophic factors capable of protecting neurons against the deleterious effects of HIV. In this context, the main objective of this study was to determine whether fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) is protective against HIV. For this purpose levels of FGF1 immunoreactivity were determined in the frontal cortex of 35 AIDS cases subdivided into 4 groups according to the presence or absence of HIVE and neurodegeneration. In cases without both HIVE and neurodegeneration, mild to moderate levels of FGFI immunoreactivity were observed in pyramidal neurons, while in cases with HIVE but without neurodegeneration, levels were significiantly elevated. In contrast, individuals with both HIVE and neurodegeneration showed low levels of neuronal FGF1 immunoreactivity. Furthermore, studies in primary human neuronal cultures treated with the HIV envelope protein-gp120 in the presence or absence of FGF1 showed that FGF1 was protective against gpl20 neurotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results support the notion that upregulation of certain neurotrophic factors, such as FGF1, might protect the central nervous system from the neurotoxic effects of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Everall
- Institute of Psychiatry, DeCrespigny Park, London, United Kingdom
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40
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Abstract
Excitotoxicity might play an important role in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. In the mouse brain, kainic acid (KA) lesioning results in neurodegeneration patterns similar to those found in human disease. For this study, two sets of experiments were performed in order to determine if Cerebrolysin ameliorates the alterations associated with KA administration. In the first set of experiments, mice received intraperitoneal KA injections followed by Cerebrolysin administration, while in the second, mice were pretreated with Cerebrolysin for 4 weeks and then challenged with KA. Behavioral testing in the water maze and assessment of neuronal structure by laser scanning confocal microscopy showed a significant protection against KA lesions in mice pretreated with Cerebrolysin. In contrast, mice that received Cerebrolysin after KA injections did not show significant improvement. This study supports the contention that Cerebrolysin might have a neuroprotective effect in vivo against excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Veinbergs
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla 92093-0624, USA
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41
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Clavijo A, Lin M, Riva J, Mallory M, Lin F, Zhou EM. Development of a competitive ELISA using a truncated E2 recombinant protein as antigen for detection of antibodies to classical swine fever virus. Res Vet Sci 2001; 70:1-7. [PMID: 11170845 DOI: 10.1053/rvsc.2000.0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The sequence encoding a truncated E2 glycoprotein of the Alfort/187 strain of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) was expressed in Escherichia coli using the pET expression system and the recombinant product purified by Ni-NTA agarose affinity chromatography. The antigenicity of this recombinant protein was demonstrated by immunoblot using anti- CSFV-specific antibodies. A monoclonal antibody was produced against the truncated E2 protein and used as competitor in an ELISA for the detection of antibodies to CSFV. Specific antibodies were demonstrated by competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) as early as 21 days post-infection (dpi) in experimentally infected pigs. Seroconversion was demonstrated by C-ELISA and neutralising peroxidase-linked assay (NPLA) in all infected animals by 4 weeks. No cross-reaction with antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) was seen in the C-ELISA using sera from experimentally infected pigs. The C-ELISA is not intended as a substitute for the NPLA. However, it is expected it will be useful for monitoring and prevalence studies. It will also assist in testing a large number of samples in the event of an outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Clavijo
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington St. Suite T2300, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4, Canada.
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42
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Masliah E, Mallory M, Alford M, DeTeresa R, Hansen LA, McKeel DW, Morris JC. Altered expression of synaptic proteins occurs early during progression of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 2001; 56:127-9. [PMID: 11148253 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.56.1.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 502] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression levels of three synaptic proteins (synaptophysin, synaptotagmin, and growth-associated protein 43 [GAP43]) in AD cases clinically classified by Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score were analyzed. Compared with control subjects (CDR = 0), mild (early) AD (CDR = 0.5 to 1) cases had a 25% loss of synaptophysin immunoreactivity. Levels of synaptotagmin and GAP43 were unchanged in mild AD, but cases with CDR of >1 had a progressive decrement in these synaptic proteins. Thus, synaptic injury in frontal cortex is an early event in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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43
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Takenouchi T, Hashimoto M, Hsu LJ, Mackowski B, Rockenstein E, Mallory M, Masliah E. Reduced neuritic outgrowth and cell adhesion in neuronal cells transfected with human alpha-synuclein. Mol Cell Neurosci 2001; 17:141-50. [PMID: 11161475 DOI: 10.1006/mcne.2000.0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since recent reports have suggested that alpha-synuclein might play a role in neuronal plasticity, the main objective of this study was to determine the effects of alpha-synuclein on neuritic outgrowth. We stably transfected either human (h) alpha- or beta-synuclein cDNA in B103 rat neuronal cells. Expression of h(alpha)-synuclein resulted in reduced neurite extension and weak adhesion compared to vector-transfected and h(beta)-synuclein expressing cells. To investigate the potential pathways involved, we studied the effects of reagents known to modulate B103 proliferation and differentiation. Neither phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate nor forskolin or antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, or vitamin E) were able to restore the reduced length of neurites in h(alpha)-synuclein-expressing cells. These results suggest that reduced neuritic activity in the h(alpha)-synuclein-expressing cells might be due, in part, to alterations in cell adhesion capacity. This might be attributed to alpha-synuclein affecting a signal transduction pathway distinct from protein kinase C and protein kinase A.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takenouchi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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44
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Gall D, Nielsen K, Forbes L, Cook W, Leclair D, Balsevicius S, Kelly L, Smith P, Mallory M. Evaluation of the fluorescence polarization assay and comparison to other serological assays for detection of brucellosis in cervids. J Wildl Dis 2001; 37:110-8. [PMID: 11272484 DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-37.1.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The complement fixation test (CFT), competitive enzyme immunoassay (CELISA), indirect enzyme immunoassay (IELISA) and fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) were evaluated for the detection of antibodies to Brucella abortus and Brucella suis biotype 4 in caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), elk (Cervus elapus), red deer (Cervus elapus), and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). When combining the data the FPA and the CELISA were determined to be the most suitable tests for serodiagnosis of Cervidae. The overall actual sensitivity of the CFT and the IELISA was 100%. The overall actual sensitivity for the CELISA and FPA was 99%. The overall relative specificity of the CFT (including treatment of anti-complementary data as positive or negative for analysis), the CELISA, the IELISA and the FPA were 65%, 93%, 99%, 99%, and 99%, respectively. The specificities of the buffered plate agglutination test (BPAT), the CFT, the CELISA, the FPA and the IELISA for 55 elk vaccinated with B. abortus strain 19 and tested 4 mo post vaccination were 14%, 31%, 51%, 84%, and 2%, respectively. The FPA is the diagnostic test of choice because it has sensitivity and specificity values comparable to the CELISA; it has the capability to distinguish vaccinal antibody and antibody resulting from exposure to cross-reacting organisms such as Yersinia enterocolitica 0:9 from antibody to Brucella spp. in most cases; it is technically simple to do; it is adaptable to field use and it is relatively inexpensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gall
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Animal Diseases Research Institute, Nepean, Ontario.
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45
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Surujballi O, Mallory M. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona antibodies in bovine sera. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2001; 8:40-3. [PMID: 11139193 PMCID: PMC96008 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.8.1.40-43.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a specific monoclonal antibody (M898) was developed for detection of bovine antibodies to Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. This assay was evaluated using field sera (n = 190) with serovar pomona microscopic agglutination test (MAT) titers of > or =100 as the positive population (group A); field sera (n = 1,445) which were negative in the MAT (1:100 dilution) for serovar pomona (group B); and sera (from a specific-pathogen-free cattle herd [n = 210]) which were negative in the MAT (1:100 dilution) for serovars canicola, copenhageni, grippotyphosa, hardjo, pomona, and sejroe (group C). At the cutoff point recommended by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the combined ELISA results of serum groups A, B, and C, the sensitivity and specificity values were 93.7 and 96.3%, respectively. The value for the area under this ROC curve was 0.977, indicating a high level of accuracy for the ELISA. Similar results were obtained from the analysis of the combined results of serum groups A and B and from the analysis of the combined results of serum groups A and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Surujballi
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Animal Diseases Research Institute, Nepean, Ontario, Canada K2H 8P9.
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46
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Veinbergs I, Mallory M, Sagara Y, Masliah E. Vitamin E supplementation prevents spatial learning deficits and dendritic alterations in aged apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Eur J Neurosci 2000; 12:4541-6. [PMID: 11122365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that altered function of apolipoprotein E might lead to Alzheimer's disease via oxidative stress. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine if antioxidative treatment with vitamin E was neuroprotective in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. For this purpose, 1-month-old control and apolipoprotein E-deficient mice received dietary vitamin E for 12 months. We showed that, compared to apolipoprotein E-deficient mice who received a regular diet, mice treated with vitamin E displayed a significantly improved behavioural performance in the Morris water maze. This improved performance was associated with preservation of the dendritic structure in vitamin E-treated apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. In addition, whilst untreated apolipoprotein E-deficient mice displayed increased levels of lipid peroxidation and glutathione, vitamin E-treated mice showed near normal levels of both lipid peroxidation and glutathione. These results support the contention that vitamin E prevents the age-related neurodegenerative alterations in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Veinbergs
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0624, USA
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Lin M, Lin F, Mallory M, Clavijo A. Deletions of structural glycoprotein E2 of classical swine fever virus strain alfort/187 resolve a linear epitope of monoclonal antibody WH303 and the minimal N-terminal domain essential for binding immunoglobulin G antibodies of a pig hyperimmune serum. J Virol 2000; 74:11619-25. [PMID: 11090160 PMCID: PMC112443 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.24.11619-11625.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The major structural glycoprotein E2 of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is responsible for eliciting neutralizing antibodies and conferring protective immunity. The current structural model of this protein predicts its surface-exposed region at the N terminus with a short stretch of the C-terminal residues spanning the membrane envelope. In this study, the N-terminal region of 221 amino acids (aa) covering aa 690 to 910 of the CSFV strain Alfort/187 E2, expressed as a fusion product in Escherichia coli, was shown to contain the epitope recognized by a monoclonal antibody (WH303) with affinity for various CSFV strains but not for the other members of the Pestivirus genus, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and border disease virus (BDV). This region also contains the sites recognized by polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies of a pig hyperimmune serum. Serial deletions of this region precisely defined the epitope recognized by WH303 to be TAVSPTTLR (aa 829 to 837) of E2. Comparison of the sequences around the WH303-binding site among the E2 proteins of pestiviruses indicated that the sequence TAVSPTTLR is strongly conserved in CSFV strains but highly divergent among BVDV and BDV strains. These results provided a structural basis for the reactivity patterns of WH303 and also useful information for the design of a peptide containing this epitope for potential use in the detection and identification of CSFV. By deletion analysis, an antigenic domain capable of reacting with pig polyclonal IgG was found 17 aa from the WH303 epitope within the N-terminal 123 residues (aa 690 to 812). Small N- or C-terminal deletions introduced into the domain disrupt its reactivity with pig polyclonal IgG, suggesting that this is the minimal antigenic domain required for binding to pig antibodies. This domain could have eliminated or reduced the cross-reactivity with other pestiviruses and may thus have an application for the serological detection of CSFV infection; evaluation of this is now possible, since the domain has been expressed in E. coli in large amounts and purified to homogeneity by chromatographic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lin
- Animal Diseases Research Institute, Nepean, Ontario, Canada.
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Van Uden E, Sagara Y, Van Uden J, Orlando R, Mallory M, Rockenstein E, Masliah E. A protective role of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein against amyloid beta-protein toxicity. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:30525-30. [PMID: 10899157 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m001151200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to delineate the neuroprotective role of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) against amyloid beta-protein toxicity, studies were performed in C6 cells challenged with amyloid beta-protein in the presence or absence of activated alpha(2)-macroglobulin. Toxicity was assessed via two cell viability assays. We found that this endocytic receptor conferred protection against amyloid beta-protein toxicity in the presence of activated alpha(2)-macroglobulin and its down-regulation via inhibition by receptor-associated protein or transfection of cells with presenilin 1, increased susceptibility to amyloid beta-protein toxicity. Increased surface LRP immunoreactivity in response to amyloid beta-protein challenge was associated with increased translocation of LRP from the endoplasmic reticulum to the surface, rather than from increased mRNA or protein expression. Furthermore, this translocation of LRP to the surface was mediated by a calcium/calmodulin protein kinase II-dependent signaling pathway. These studies provide evidence for a protective role of LRP against amyloid beta-protein toxicity and may explain the aggressive nature of presenilin-1 mutation in familial Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Van Uden
- Departments of Neurosciences, Medicine, and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0624, USA
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Hsu LJ, Sagara Y, Arroyo A, Rockenstein E, Sisk A, Mallory M, Wong J, Takenouchi T, Hashimoto M, Masliah E. alpha-synuclein promotes mitochondrial deficit and oxidative stress. Am J Pathol 2000; 157:401-10. [PMID: 10934145 PMCID: PMC1850140 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of the presynaptic protein alpha-synuclein has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Because neurodegeneration in these conditions might be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, the effects of alpha-synuclein were investigated in a hypothalamic neuronal cell line (GT1-7). alpha-Synuclein overexpression in these cells resulted in formation of alpha-synuclein-immunopositive inclusion-like structures and mitochondrial alterations accompanied by increased levels of free radicals and decreased secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. These alterations were ameliorated by pretreatment with anti-oxidants such as vitamin E. Taken together these results suggest that abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein could lead to mitochondrial alterations that may result in oxidative stress and, eventually, cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Hsu
- Departments of Pathology, Neurosciences, and Reproductive Medicine, the University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Masliah E, Alford M, Mallory M, Rockenstein E, Moechars D, Van Leuven F. Abnormal glutamate transport function in mutant amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. Exp Neurol 2000; 163:381-7. [PMID: 10833311 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.2000.7386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that amyloid precursor protein (APP), which plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), protects against excitotoxic neuronal injuries by regulating the function of the glial glutamate transporters. The mechanisms underlying these effects and their relationship to the neurodegenerative process in AD are under intense scrutiny. In this context, the main objective of the present study was to determine if overexpression of mutant human APP in transgenic mouse brains results in altered functioning of the excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs). Transgenic mice expressing the 695 amino acid form of the human APP from the Thy-1 promoter showed a significant decrease in B(max) and K(D) for aspartate uptake when compared to nontransgenic controls. This decrease in glutamate transporter activity was associated with decreased protein expression of glial specific glutamate transporters, EAAT1 and 2, but did not affect mRNA levels. These results suggest that expression of mutant forms of APP disturbs astroglial transport of excitatory amino acids at the posttranscriptional level leading, in turn, to increased susceptibility to glutamate toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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