1
|
Clark G, Raniwala H, Koppa M, Chen K, Leenheer A, Zimmermann M, Dong M, Li L, Wen YH, Dominguez D, Trusheim M, Gilbert G, Eichenfield M, Englund D. Nanoelectromechanical Control of Spin-Photon Interfaces in a Hybrid Quantum System on Chip. Nano Lett 2024; 24:1316-1323. [PMID: 38227973 PMCID: PMC10835722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Color centers (CCs) in nanostructured diamond are promising for optically linked quantum technologies. Scaling to useful applications motivates architectures meeting the following criteria: C1 individual optical addressing of spin qubits; C2 frequency tuning of spin-dependent optical transitions; C3 coherent spin control; C4 active photon routing; C5 scalable manufacturability; and C6 low on-chip power dissipation for cryogenic operations. Here, we introduce an architecture that simultaneously achieves C1-C6. We realize piezoelectric strain control of diamond waveguide-coupled tin vacancy centers with ultralow power dissipation necessary. The DC response of our device allows emitter transition tuning by over 20 GHz, combined with low-power AC control. We show acoustic spin resonance of integrated tin vacancy spins and estimate single-phonon coupling rates over 1 kHz in the resolved sideband regime. Combined with high-speed optical routing, our work opens a path to scalable single-qubit control with optically mediated entangling gates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Clark
- The
MITRE Corporation, 202 Burlington Road, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, United States
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hamza Raniwala
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew Koppa
- Sandia
National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Kevin Chen
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrew Leenheer
- Sandia
National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Matthew Zimmermann
- The
MITRE Corporation, 202 Burlington Road, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, United States
| | - Mark Dong
- The
MITRE Corporation, 202 Burlington Road, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, United States
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Linsen Li
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Y. Henry Wen
- The
MITRE Corporation, 202 Burlington Road, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, United States
| | - Daniel Dominguez
- Sandia
National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Matthew Trusheim
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- DEVCOM,
Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Gerald Gilbert
- The
MITRE Corporation, 200
Forrestal Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Matt Eichenfield
- College of
Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719, United States
| | - Dirk Englund
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hirsch G, Trusheim M, Cobbs E, Bala M, Garner S, Hartman D, Isaacs K, Lumpkin M, Lim R, Oye K, Pezalla E, Saltonstall P, Selker H. Corrigendum: Adaptive biomedical innovation: Evolving our global system to sustainably and safely bring new medicines to patients in need. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 101:542. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
3
|
Eichler H, Bloechl‐Daum B, Bauer P, Bretz F, Brown J, Hampson LV, Honig P, Krams M, Leufkens H, Lim R, Lumpkin MM, Murphy MJ, Pignatti F, Posch M, Schneeweiss S, Trusheim M, Koenig F. "Threshold-crossing": A Useful Way to Establish the Counterfactual in Clinical Trials? Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 100:699-712. [PMID: 27650716 PMCID: PMC5114686 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A central question in the assessment of benefit/harm of new treatments is: how does the average outcome on the new treatment (the factual) compare to the average outcome had patients received no treatment or a different treatment known to be effective (the counterfactual)? Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the standard for comparing the factual with the counterfactual. Recent developments necessitate and enable a new way of determining the counterfactual for some new medicines. For select situations, we propose a new framework for evidence generation, which we call "threshold-crossing." This framework leverages the wealth of information that is becoming available from completed RCTs and from real world data sources. Relying on formalized procedures, information gleaned from these data is used to estimate the counterfactual, enabling efficacy assessment of new drugs. We propose future (research) activities to enable "threshold-crossing" for carefully selected products and indications in which RCTs are not feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H‐G Eichler
- European Medicines AgencyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - B Bloechl‐Daum
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - P Bauer
- Section for Medical Statistics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent SystemsMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - J Brown
- Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care InstituteHartfordConnecticutUSA
| | - LV Hampson
- Lancaster UniversityLancasterUnited Kingdom
| | | | - M Krams
- Janssen Pharmaceutical CompaniesRaritanNew JerseyUSA
| | - H Leufkens
- Medicines Evaluation Board, UtrechtUniversity of UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - R Lim
- Health CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - MM Lumpkin
- Bill and Melinda Gates FoundationSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - MJ Murphy
- Project Data SphereDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - F Pignatti
- European Medicines AgencyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - M Posch
- Section for Medical Statistics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent SystemsMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - S Schneeweiss
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - M Trusheim
- MIT Sloan School of ManagementCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - F Koenig
- Section for Medical Statistics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent SystemsMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hirsch G, Trusheim M, Cobbs E, Bala M, Garner S, Hartman D, Isaacs K, Lumpkin M, Lim R, Oye K, Pezalla E, Saltonstall P, Selker H. Adaptive Biomedical Innovation: Evolving Our Global System to Sustainably and Safely Bring New Medicines to Patients in Need. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 100:685-698. [PMID: 27626610 PMCID: PMC5129677 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The current system of biomedical innovation is unable to keep pace with scientific advancements. We propose to address this gap by reengineering innovation processes to accelerate reliable delivery of products that address unmet medical needs. Adaptive biomedical innovation (ABI) provides an integrative, strategic approach for process innovation. Although the term "ABI" is new, it encompasses fragmented "tools" that have been developed across the global pharmaceutical industry, and could accelerate the evolution of the system through more coordinated application. ABI involves bringing stakeholders together to set shared objectives, foster trust, structure decision-making, and manage expectations through rapid-cycle feedback loops that maximize product knowledge and reduce uncertainty in a continuous, adaptive, and sustainable learning healthcare system. Adaptive decision-making, a core element of ABI, provides a framework for structuring decision-making designed to manage two types of uncertainty - the maturity of scientific and clinical knowledge, and the behaviors of other critical stakeholders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Hirsch
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Trusheim
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Cobbs
- Merck, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - M Bala
- Sanofi, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - S Garner
- National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), London, UK
| | - D Hartman
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - K Isaacs
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Lumpkin
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - R Lim
- Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Oye
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - P Saltonstall
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD), Danbury, Connecticut, USA
| | - H Selker
- Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oye KA, Jain G, Amador M, Arnaout R, Brown JS, Crown W, Ferguson J, Pezalla E, Rassen JA, Selker HP, Trusheim M, Hirsch G. The next frontier: Fostering innovation by improving health data access and utilization. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2015; 98:514-21. [PMID: 26234275 PMCID: PMC5052021 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K A Oye
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Department of Political Science and Engineering Systems Division, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - G Jain
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Amador
- MIT Portugal Program, International Risk Governance Council Portugal, Portugal
| | - R Arnaout
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J S Brown
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and HMS, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - W Crown
- Optum Labs, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - E Pezalla
- Aetna, Inc., Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - H P Selker
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, and Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Trusheim
- Sloan School of Management, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - G Hirsch
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|