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McAtee R, Wood MW, Daniels JB, Lashnits E. Treatment of Francisella philomiragia bacteremia in a dog. J Vet Intern Med 2024. [PMID: 38738486 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To describe the diagnosis and successful treatment of systemic francisellosis in a dog. An 11-year-old female spayed Labrador retriever presented for progressive lethargy, hyporexia, and cough. The dog was febrile with a neutrophilia, nonregenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia, and had increased activity in serum of liver-derived enzymes. Francisella philomiragia was isolated from aerobic blood culture. The dog was treated for 6 weeks with enrofloxacin orally. Repeated aerobic blood cultures after 2 and 6 weeks of antibiotic therapy were negative. The dog was clinically normal 7 months after diagnosis with no evidence of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rae McAtee
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael W Wood
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Joshua B Daniels
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Erin Lashnits
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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2
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Clark HE, Trepanier LA, Wood MW. Oral cinacalcet administration decreases serum ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations in healthy dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2024. [PMID: 38563476 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cinacalcet is an oral calcimimetic that has potential to non-invasively treat primary hyperparathyroidism in dogs (Canis lupis familiaris). There is minimal data assessing its efficacy in dogs. This study aimed to determine whether a single dose of cinacalcet decreases serum ionized calcium (iCa), total calcium (tCa), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations. Twelve dogs received a median dose of 0.49 mg/kg (range 0.30-0.69 mg/kg) cinacalcet per os. Venous blood samples were collected at time 0 (before cinacalcet administration), 3, 8, and 24 h following cinacalcet administration. PTH, iCa, and tCa concentrations were measured at each time point and compared to 0 hour concentrations. A significant (50%) decrease in serum PTH occurred at 3 h with a median PTH of 4.6 pmol/L (range 2.7-10.8) at baseline and 1.65 pmol/L (range 0.5-14.7) at 3 h; p = .005. A significant, but not clinically relevant, decrease in serum iCa from a median baseline of 1.340 mmol/L (range 1.32-1.41) to a 3 h median of 1.325 mmol/L (range 1.26-1.39), p = .043, was also observed. tCa concentrations were not different. This study showed that a single dose of cinacalcet leads to transient decreases in iCa and PTH concentrations in healthy dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Clark
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lauren A Trepanier
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael W Wood
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Paul PK, Das R, Drow T, Nylen EA, Henrique de Souza A, Wang Z, Wood MW, Davis DB, Bjorling DE, Galipeau J. Corrigendum to "Islet allografts expressing a PD-L1 and IDO fusion protein evade immune rejection and reverse preexisting diabetes in immunocompetent mice without systemic immunosuppression" [American Journal of Transplantation (2022) 2571-2585]. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:693. [PMID: 36907701 PMCID: PMC10501976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradyut K Paul
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rahul Das
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Travis Drow
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emily A Nylen
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Arnaldo Henrique de Souza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Zunyi Wang
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael W Wood
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dawn B Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dale E Bjorling
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Paul PK, Das R, Drow T, Nylen EA, de Souza AH, Wang Z, Wood MW, Davis DB, Bjorling DE, Galipeau J. Islet allografts expressing a PD-L1 and IDO fusion protein evade immune rejection and reverse preexisting diabetes in immunocompetent mice without systemic immunosuppression. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:2571-2585. [PMID: 35897156 PMCID: PMC9804298 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic islet transplantation is a promising experimental therapy for poorly controlled diabetes. Despite pharmacological immunosuppression, long-term islet engraftment remains elusive. Here, we designed a synthetic fusion transgene coupling PD-L1 and indoleamine dioxygenase [hereafter PIDO] whose constitutive expression prevents immune destruction of genetically engineered islet allograft transplanted in immunocompetent mice. PIDO expressing murine islets maintain robust dynamic insulin secretion in vitro and when transplanted in allogeneic hyperglycemic murine recipients reverse pre-existing streptozotocin-induced and autoimmune diabetes in the absence of pharmacological immunosuppression for more than 50 and 8 weeks, respectively, and is dependent on host CD4 competence. Additionally, PIDO expression in allografts preserves endocrine functional viability of islets and promotes a localized tolerogenic milieu characterized by the suppression of host CD8 T cell and phagocyte recruitment and accumulation of FOXP3+ Tregs. Furthermore, in the canine model of xenogeneic islet transplantation, muscle implanted PIDO-expressing porcine islets displayed physiological glucose-responsive insulin secretion competency in euglycemic recipient for up to 20 weeks. In conclusion, the PIDO transgenic technology enables host CD4+ T cell-modulated immune evasiveness and long-term functional viability of islet allo- and xenografts in immune-competent recipients without the need for pharmacological immune suppression and would allow for improved outcomes for tissue transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradyut K Paul
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rahul Das
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Travis Drow
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emily A Nylen
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Arnaldo Henrique de Souza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Zunyi Wang
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael W Wood
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dawn B Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dale E Bjorling
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Siu K, Rylander H, Obernberger CA, Pfaff N, Hartmann FA, Wood MW, Viviano K. No adverse consequences associated with targeting clinical signs to initiate antimicrobial treatment of postoperative subclinical bacteriuria in dogs following surgical decompression of Hansen type I thoracolumbar disk herniation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 261:1-9. [PMID: 36166501 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.07.0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of postoperative bacteriuria, clinical course of subclinical bacteriuria in the absence of antimicrobial intervention, clinical signs of bacteriuria that trigger antimicrobial treatment, and outcomes for dogs with subclinical bacteriuria following surgical decompression of acute intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) Hansen type I. ANIMALS Twenty client-owned dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy for acute (≤ 6 days) IVDH Hansen type I affecting the thoracolumbar spinal cord segments between August 2018 and January 2019. PROCEDURES In this prospective study, dogs were serially evaluated at presentation, hospital discharge, 2 weeks postoperatively, and between 4 and 6 weeks postoperatively. Dogs were monitored for clinical signs of bacteriuria, underwent laboratory monitoring (CBC, biochemical analyses, urinalysis, urine bacterial culture), and were scored for neurologic and urinary status. In the absence of clinical signs, bacteriuria was not treated with antimicrobials. RESULTS Four of the 18 dogs developed bacteriuria without clinical signs 4 days to 4 to 6 weeks after surgery. In all 4 dogs, bacteriuria resulted in lower urinary tract signs 13 to 26 weeks postoperatively. No dogs had evidence of systemic illness despite delaying antimicrobial treatment until clinical signs developed. New-onset incontinence was the only clinical sign in 3 dogs. All bacterial isolates had wide antimicrobial susceptibility. Bacteriuria and clinical signs resolved with beta-lactam antimicrobial treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Postoperative bacteriuria occurs in some dogs with IVDH Hansen type I and, when present, may lead to clinical signs over time. Clinical signs of bacteriuria may be limited to new-onset urinary incontinence, inappropriate urination, or both. Delaying antimicrobial treatment until clinical signs of bacteriuria developed did not result in adverse consequences or systemic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Siu
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Helena Rylander
- 2Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | - Natalia Pfaff
- 3Sage Veterinary Center, Bay Area Emergency and Veterinary Specialist, Redwood City, CA
| | - Faye A Hartmann
- 4UW Veterinary Care, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Michael W Wood
- 2Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Katrina Viviano
- 2Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Lepold AM, Tesfamichael DH, Hartmann FA, Wiley CA, Wood MW. Comparison of urine fibrinogen and interleukin-6 concentrations between healthy dogs and dogs with risk factors for enterococcal bacteriuria. Am J Vet Res 2021; 82:846-852. [PMID: 34554867 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.82.10.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare urine concentrations of fibrinogen (uFIB) and interleukin-6 (uIL-6) between dogs with risk factors for enterococcal bacteriuria and healthy dogs. SAMPLE Banked urine samples with negative aerobic culture results from 8 dogs with urolithiasis, 9 dogs with anatomic abnormalities of the lower portion of the urinary tract (LUT), 10 dogs with LUT neoplasia, and 21 healthy control dogs. PROCEDURES Urine creatinine concentration (uCrea) was determined by an automated biochemical analyzer, and uFIB and uIL-6 were determined by dog-specific ELISAs. The uFIB:uCrea and uIL-6:uCrea ratios were calculated for each sample to normalize intersample differences in urine concentration and were compared among the 4 experimental groups. RESULTS Median uFIB:uCrea ratios for dogs with urolithiasis (0.72; interquartile [25th to 75 percentile] range [IQR], 0.46 to 3.48) and LUT neoplasia (6.16; IQR, 3.89 to 12.75), but not for dogs with LUT anatomic abnormalities (0.48; IQR, 0.27 to 0.69), were significantly greater than that for control dogs (0.17; IQR, 0.07 to 0.39). Median uIL-6: uCrea ratios for dogs with urolithiasis (0.48; IQR, 0.18 to 1.61), LUT anatomic abnormalities (0.25; IQR, 0.17 to 0.33), and LUT neoplasia (0.25; IQR, 0.12 to 1.01) were significantly greater than that for control dogs (0.08; IQR, 0.06 to 0.11). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The uFIB and uIL-6 in dogs with risk factors for enterococcal bacteriuria were generally greater than corresponding values in control dogs. Further investigation is necessary to determine the role of fibrinogen in enterococcal colonization of the urinary tract of dogs.
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Saver A, Loeber S, Hardie R, Wood MW, Pritchard JC. Transpalatal reconstruction and stenting for treatment of choanal atresia and nasopharyngeal stenosis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:190-196. [PMID: 34227860 DOI: 10.2460/javma.259.2.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 3-year-old 17.5-kg (38.5-lb) mixed-breed dog was referred for evaluation because of nasal discharge, sneezing, and signs of nasal congestion of approximately 9 months' duration. A diagnosis of nasopharyngeal stenosis (NPS) was made prior to referral. CLINICAL FINDINGS Sneezing, bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge, reduced nasal airflow, stertor, and increased inspiratory effort were noted on physical examination. Results of serum biochemical analysis were within respective reference ranges. Review of CT images of the skull revealed findings consistent with severe bilateral partial osseous choanal atresia and NPS. Retrograde rhinoscopy confirmed membranous NPS. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME A ventral rhinotomy was performed; communication between the pharynx and nasal passageway was reestablished by surgical debridement of the caudal border of the palatine bone and vomerine crest and groove, followed by dissection of the membranous NPS and reconstruction of the caudal part of the nasopharynx. A covered nasopharyngeal stent was placed in the newly established nasopharynx. The dog recovered uneventfully but was presented 3 weeks later with recurrent signs; diagnostic findings were consistent with stenosis rostral to the stent. The stenosis was treated with balloon dilation, and a second covered stent was placed rostral to and overlapping the first stent, spanning the stenotic region. Eleven months after this procedure, the dog was doing well. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results for this patient suggested that ventral rhinotomy and covered nasopharyngeal stent placement can be used successfully for the management of osseous choanal atresia in dogs; however, careful attention to preoperative planning and potential complications is necessary.
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Wood MW, Lepold A, Tesfamichael D, Lasarev MR. Risk factors for enterococcal bacteriuria in dogs: A retrospective study. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:2447-2453. [PMID: 33009682 PMCID: PMC7694861 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, Enterococcus spp. urinary tract infections (UTI) are commonly associated with urinary catheter-induced urothelial inflammation but this is not the case in dogs. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To identify risk factors predisposing dogs to enterococcal bacteriuria. ANIMALS Seventy dogs with Enterococcus spp. bacteriuria (case) and 70 dogs with Enterococcus coli bacteriuria (control). METHODS A single center retrospective case-control study with subjects and controls identified by a medical records search for Enterococcus spp. (subject) or E coli (control) bacteriuria from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2017. Cases and controls were balanced with respect to average age and weight. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate and test whether the odds of having Enterococcus spp. bacteriuria (instead of E coli) were associated with the presence of any given characteristic. RESULTS A history of recurrent bacteriuria was significantly more common in Enterococcus spp. cases than in E coli controls (odds ratio [OR]: 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-4.16, P = .04). Comorbidities associated with the presence of Enterococcus spp. bacteriuria included lower urinary tract (LUT) anatomic abnormalities (OR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.17-8.10, P = .02), urolithiasis (P = .01), and the presence of LUT neoplasia (P = .04). Small frequencies (n = 12 and n = 6, respectively) compromise our ability to precisely estimate the genuine OR for the latter 2 characteristics. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE If the identified risk factors promote Enterococcus spp. colonization in dogs via induced LUT inflammation similar to people then Enterococcus spp. bacteriuria could be a sentinel for underlying LUT inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Wood
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Adam Lepold
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dahlia Tesfamichael
- College of Letters and Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael R Lasarev
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Ruetten H, Cole C, Wehber M, Wegner KA, Girardi NM, Peterson NT, Scharpf BR, Romero MF, Wood MW, Colopy SA, Bjorling DE, Vezina CM. An immunohistochemical prostate cell identification key indicates that aging shifts procollagen 1A1 production from myofibroblasts to fibroblasts in dogs prone to prostate-related urinary dysfunction. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232564. [PMID: 32726309 PMCID: PMC7390344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The identity and spatial distribution of prostatic cell types has been determined in humans but not in dogs, even though aging- and prostate-related voiding disorders are common in both species and mechanistic factors, such as prostatic collagen accumulation, appear to be shared between species. In this publication we characterize the regional distribution of prostatic cell types in the young intact dog to enable comparisons with human and mice and we examine how the cellular source of procollagen 1A1 changes with age in intact male dogs. Methods A multichotomous decision tree involving sequential immunohistochemical stains was validated for use in dog and used to identify specific prostatic cell types and determine their distribution in the capsule, peripheral, periurethral and urethral regions of the young intact canine prostate. Prostatic cells identified using this technique include perivascular smooth muscle cells, pericytes, endothelial cells, luminal, intermediate, and basal epithelial cells, neuroendocrine cells, myofibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibrocytes, and other hematolymphoid cells. To enhance rigor and transparency, all high resolution images (representative images shown in the figures and biological replicates) are available through the GUDMAP database at https://doi.org/10.25548/16-WMM4. Results The prostatic peripheral region harbors the largest proportion of epithelial cells. Aging does not change the density of hematolymphoid cells, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts in the peripheral region or in the fibromuscular capsule, regions where we previously observed aging- and androgen-mediated increases in prostatic collagen abundance Instead, we observed aging-related changes the procollagen 1A1 positive prostatic cell identity from a myofibroblast to a fibroblast. Conclusions Hematolymphoid cells and myofibroblasts are often identified as sources of collagen in tissues prone to aging-related fibrosis. We show that these are not the likely sources of pathological collagen synthesis in older intact male dogs. Instead, we identify an aging-related shift in the prostatic cell type producing procollagen 1A1 that will help direct development of cell type and prostate appropriate therapeutics for collagen accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ruetten
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- George M. O’Brien Benign Urology Center, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Clara Cole
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- George M. O’Brien Benign Urology Center, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Marlyse Wehber
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- George M. O’Brien Benign Urology Center, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kyle A. Wegner
- George M. O’Brien Benign Urology Center, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nicholas M. Girardi
- George M. O’Brien Benign Urology Center, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nelson T. Peterson
- George M. O’Brien Benign Urology Center, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Brandon R. Scharpf
- George M. O’Brien Benign Urology Center, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Romero
- Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and Nephrology and Hypertension, George M. O’Brien Urology Research Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Wood
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sara A. Colopy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Dale E. Bjorling
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Chad M. Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- George M. O’Brien Benign Urology Center, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tesfamichael DH, Wood MW, Pritchard JC. Comparison of commercial manual extraction kits for RNA isolation from canine whole blood. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:737-741. [PMID: 32633638 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720938026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High quantities of quality RNA are necessary for many veterinary laboratory tests. Several commercial kits are available for RNA isolation from human whole blood; their resultant RNA yield and purity have not been reported for canine whole blood, to our knowledge. We assessed the performance of 4 RNA extraction kits (RiboPure, TRIzol, RNeasy Protect animal blood, and QIAamp RNA blood mini). Whole blood from a healthy dog was stored in the manufacturer-recommended RNA stabilizing buffer as directed. RNA isolation, including DNase treatment, was performed using each kit's manufacturer's protocol. Resultant RNA yield and purity were evaluated using spectrophotometric absorbance, capillary electrophoresis and electropherogram analysis, and a reverse-transcription real-time PCR (RT-rtPCR) assay. The RNeasy Protect animal blood kit extracted the highest, and RiboPure the lowest, concentration of nucleic acid. RNA integrity numbers classified extracted RNA as good quality or better for all kits except RNeasy Protect. All kits had evidence of genomic DNA contamination as assessed by RT-rtPCR. Overall, QIAamp RNA blood mini kit and TRIzol optimized both RNA yield and purity from canine whole blood. These kits extracted high quantities of good quality RNA as evidenced by high RNA integrity numbers and minimal contamination with proteins and solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael W Wood
- University of Wisconsin, Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI
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Zhao W, Fan J, Kulic I, Koh C, Clark A, Meuller J, Engkvist O, Barichievy S, Raynoschek C, Hicks R, Maresca M, Wang Q, Brown DG, Lok A, Parro C, Robert J, Chou HY, Zuhl AM, Wood MW, Brandon NJ, Wellington CL. Axl receptor tyrosine kinase is a regulator of apolipoprotein E. Mol Brain 2020; 13:66. [PMID: 32366277 PMCID: PMC7197143 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease. Apolipoprotein E (apoE), which carries lipids in the brain in the form of lipoproteins, plays an undisputed role in AD pathophysiology. A high-throughput phenotypic screen was conducted using a CCF-STTG1 human astrocytoma cell line to identify small molecules that could upregulate apoE secretion. AZ7235, a previously discovered Axl kinase inhibitor, was identified to have robust apoE activity in brain microglia, astrocytes and pericytes. AZ7235 also increased expression of ATP-binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1), which is involved in the lipidation and secretion of apoE. Moreover, AZ7235 did not exhibit Liver-X-Receptor (LXR) activity and stimulated apoE and ABCA1 expression in the absence of LXR. Target validation studies using AXL-/- CCF-STTG1 cells showed that Axl is required to mediate AZ7235 upregulation of apoE and ABCA1. Intriguingly, apoE expression and secretion was significantly attenuated in AXL-deficient CCF-STTG1 cells and reconstitution of Axl or kinase-dead Axl significantly restored apoE baseline levels, demonstrating that Axl also plays a role in maintaining apoE homeostasis in astrocytes independent of its kinase activity. Lastly, these effects may require human apoE regulatory sequences, as AZ7235 exhibited little stimulatory activity toward apoE and ABCA1 in primary murine glia derived from neonatal human APOE3 targeted-replacement mice. Collectively, we identified a small molecule that exhibits robust apoE and ABCA1 activity independent of the LXR pathway in human cells and elucidated a novel relationship between Axl and apoE homeostasis in human astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchen Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jianjia Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Iva Kulic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Cheryl Koh
- Mechanistic Biology & Profiling, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, USA
| | - Amanda Clark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Johan Meuller
- Mechanistic Biology & Profiling, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Engkvist
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Carina Raynoschek
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ryan Hicks
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcello Maresca
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Qi Wang
- Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, USA
| | - Dean G Brown
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, USA
| | - Alvin Lok
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Cameron Parro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jerome Robert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hsien-Ya Chou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Andrea M Zuhl
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, USA
| | - Michael W Wood
- Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, USA
| | | | - Cheryl L Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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12
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Wood MW, Barrett-Wilt GA. Effect of twice-daily oral administration of a chondroitin sulfate-containing supplement on urine chondroitin sulfate concentrations in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:799-805. [PMID: 31339761 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.8.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the magnitude and duration of changes in urine chondroitin sulfate concentration (uCS) as a result of oral administration of a chondroitin sulfate-containing supplement in dogs. ANIMALS 8 healthy privately owned dogs. PROCEDURES A urine sample was collected from each dog via cystocentesis on day 1; free-catch midstream urine samples were collected once daily on days 2 through 5. Pretreatment uCS was established from those samples. Each dog then received a chondroitin sulfate-containing supplement (20 to 30 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) for 8 days (on days 7 through 14). Urine samples were collected on days 8 through 12 and day 15. For each sample, uCS was quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Variable urine concentration was accounted for by dividing the uCS by urine creatinine concentration (uCrea) to determine the uCS:uCrea ratio. Pretreatment uCS:uCrea ratios were compared with treatment uCS:uCrea ratios to calculate the fold change in uCS after supplement administration. RESULTS Among the study dogs, oral administration of the chondroitin sulfate-containing supplement resulted in a 1.9-fold increase in the median uCS:uCrea ratio. Data obtained on days 8 through 12 and day 15 indicated that the daily increase in uCS remained consistent and was not additive. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that oral administration of supplemental chondroitin sulfate to dogs modestly increased uCS within 24 hours; however, subsequent supplement administration did not have an additive effect. A potential therapeutic benefit of persistently increased uCS in preventing recurrent urinary tract infections in dogs warrants investigation.
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13
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Chopko TC, Han C, Gregro AR, Engers DW, Felts AS, Poslusney MS, Bollinger KA, Morrison RD, Bubser M, Lamsal A, Luscombe VB, Cho HP, Schnetz-Boutaud NC, Rodriguez AL, Chang S, Daniels JS, Stec DF, Niswender CM, Jones CK, Wood MR, Wood MW, Duggan ME, Brandon NJ, Conn PJ, Bridges TM, Lindsley CW, Melancon BJ. SAR inspired by aldehyde oxidase (AO) metabolism: Discovery of novel, CNS penetrant tricyclic M 4 PAMs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2224-2228. [PMID: 31248774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This letter describes progress towards an M4 PAM preclinical candidate inspired by an unexpected aldehyde oxidase (AO) metabolite of a novel, CNS penetrant thieno[2,3-c]pyridine core to an equipotent, non-CNS penetrant thieno[2,3-c]pyrdin-7(6H)-one core. Medicinal chemistry design efforts yielded two novel tricyclic cores that enhanced M4 PAM potency, regained CNS penetration, displayed favorable DMPK properties and afforded robust in vivo efficacy in reversing amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor C Chopko
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Changho Han
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alison R Gregro
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Darren W Engers
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew S Felts
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mike S Poslusney
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Katrina A Bollinger
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ryan D Morrison
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael Bubser
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Atin Lamsal
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Vincent B Luscombe
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hyekyung P Cho
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nathalie C Schnetz-Boutaud
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alice L Rodriguez
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sichen Chang
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - J Scott Daniels
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Donald F Stec
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael R Wood
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael W Wood
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, R&D, Boston, MA 02451, USA
| | - Mark E Duggan
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, R&D, Boston, MA 02451, USA
| | | | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Bruce J Melancon
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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14
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Engers DW, Melancon BJ, Gregro AR, Bertron JL, Bollinger SR, Felts AS, Konkol LC, Wood MR, Bollinger KA, Luscombe VB, Rodriguez AL, Jones CK, Bubser M, Yohn SE, Wood MW, Brandon NJ, Dugan ME, Niswender CM, Conn PJ, Bridges TM, Lindsley CW. VU6005806/AZN-00016130, an advanced M 4 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) profiled as a potential preclinical development candidate. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1714-1718. [PMID: 31113706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This letter describes progress towards an M4 PAM preclinical candidate that resulted in the discovery of VU6005806/AZN-00016130. While the thieno[2,3-c]pyridazine core has been a consistent feature of key M4 PAMs, no work had previously been reported with respect to alternate functionality at the C3 position of the pyridazine ring. Here, we detail new chemistry and analogs that explored this region, and quickly led to VU6005806/AZN-00016130, which was profiled as a putative candidate. While, the β-amino carboxamide moiety engendered solubility limited absorption in higher species precluding advancement (or requiring extensive pharmaceutical sciences formulation), VU6005806/AZN-00016130 represents a new, high quality preclinical in vivo probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren W Engers
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bruce J Melancon
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Allison R Gregro
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeanette L Bertron
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sean R Bollinger
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew S Felts
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Leah C Konkol
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael R Wood
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Katrina A Bollinger
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Vincent B Luscombe
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alice L Rodriguez
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael Bubser
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Samantha E Yohn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael W Wood
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, R&D Boston, MA 02451, USA
| | | | - Mark E Dugan
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, R&D Boston, MA 02451, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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15
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Filipeanu C, Ogunlade B, Ghita I, Wood MW, Fang Y. The Pleiotropic GPCR Ligand Rotigotine Acts as a β‐arrestin Biased Ligand on Orphan Receptor GPR52. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.503.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yayin Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyHoward UniversityWashingtonDC
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16
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Tarr JC, Wood MR, Noetzel MJ, Melancon BJ, Lamsal A, Luscombe VB, Rodriguez AL, Byers FW, Chang S, Cho HP, Engers DW, Jones CK, Niswender CM, Wood MW, Brandon NJ, Duggan ME, Jeffrey Conn P, Bridges TM, Lindsley CW. Corrigendum to “Challenges in the development of an M4 PAM preclinical candidate: The discovery, SAR, and biological characterization of a series of azetidine-derived tertiary amides” [Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 27(23) (2017) 5179–5184]. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Ruetten H, Wegner KA, Romero MF, Wood MW, Marker PC, Strand D, Colopy SA, Vezina CM. Prostatic collagen architecture in neutered and intact canines. Prostate 2018; 78:839-848. [PMID: 29740846 PMCID: PMC6356104 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate stiffness and increased collagen content both associate with the presence of urinary symptoms in men but mechanisms responsible, including impact of age and androgens, are unknown. Dogs develop prostate-related urinary dysfunction similar to humans, but mechanisms are also unknown. Mice have been used to examine how prostatic collagen accumulation affects voiding but whether mouse prostatic collagen organization resembles human or dog has not been evaluated. Here, we have constructed the first comprehensive, comparative maps of collagen architecture in canine, human, and mouse prostate and test whether canine prostatic collagen content is increased by aging and reduced by castration. METHODS Complete transverse prostate sections were stained with picrosirius red and imaged with confocal microscopy to reveal and compare collagen architecture across species. Canine prostatic collagen fiber length, diameter, and density in prostatic urethral, periurethral, peripheral, and capsular regions were quantified and compared among four experimental groups: young intact, young neutered, old intact, and old neutered dogs. RESULTS Surprisingly, the majority of collagen was localized to the prostatic urethra in canine, human, and mouse. In canine and human, capsular regions also featured a dense collagen network but it appeared less dense than around prostatic urethra. Older, intact male canines exhibited overall denser prostate collagen fibers and had thicker capsular fibers than young, intact males. Prostatic glandular regions undergo dramatic atrophy and regression following castration, and our finding of neutered animals having increased collagen fiber density in both periurethral and peripheral regions is consistent with glandular contraction and increased proportion of stroma. CONCLUSIONS Collagen architecture in dog appears similar to that in humans when cross sections are compared side-by-side. Canine collagen organization is affected by both age and androgen status, suggesting these factors may contribute to collagen accumulation in some males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ruetten
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- George M. O'Brien Benign Urology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kyle A Wegner
- George M. O'Brien Benign Urology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Michael F Romero
- Physiology & Biomedical Engineering and Nephrology & Hypertension, George M. O'Brien Urology Research Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael W Wood
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Paul C Marker
- George M. O'Brien Benign Urology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Douglas Strand
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sara A Colopy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- George M. O'Brien Benign Urology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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18
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Varnes JG, Xiong H, Forst JM, Holmquist CR, Ernst GE, Frietze W, Dembofsky B, Andisik DW, Palmer WE, Hinkley L, Steelman GB, Wilkins DE, Tian G, Jonak G, Potts WM, Wang X, Brugel TA, Alhambra C, Wood MW, Veale CA, Albert JS. Bicyclo((aryl)methyl)benzamides as inhibitors of GlyT1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1043-1049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Fan J, Zhao RQ, Parro C, Zhao W, Chou HY, Robert J, Deeb TZ, Raynoschek C, Barichievy S, Engkvist O, Maresca M, Hicks R, Meuller J, Moss SJ, Brandon NJ, Wood MW, Kulic I, Wellington CL. Small molecule inducers of ABCA1 and apoE that act through indirect activation of the LXR pathway. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:830-842. [PMID: 29563219 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m081851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
apoE is the primary lipid carrier within the CNS and the strongest genetic risk factor for late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). apoE is primarily lipidated via ABCA1, and both are under transcriptional regulation by the nuclear liver X receptor (LXR). Considerable evidence from genetic (using ABCA1 overexpression) and pharmacological (using synthetic LXR agonists) studies in AD mouse models suggests that increased levels of lipidated apoE can improve cognitive performance and, in some strains, can reduce amyloid burden. However, direct synthetic LXR ligands have hepatotoxic side effects that limit their clinical use. Here, we describe a set of small molecules, previously annotated as antagonists of the purinergic receptor, P2X7, which enhance ABCA1 expression and activity as well as apoE secretion, and are not direct LXR ligands. Furthermore, P2X7 is not required for these molecules to induce ABCA1 upregulation and apoE secretion, demonstrating that the ABCA1 and apoE effects are mechanistically independent of P2X7 inhibition. Hence, we have identified novel dual activity compounds that upregulate ABCA1 across multiple CNS cell types, including human astrocytes, pericytes, and microglia, through an indirect LXR mechanism and that also independently inhibit P2X7 receptor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjia Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rui Qi Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cameron Parro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wenchen Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hsien-Ya Chou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jerome Robert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tarek Z Deeb
- Tufts-AstraZeneca Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, MA
| | - Carina Raynoschek
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development (IMED) Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Samantha Barichievy
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development (IMED) Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Engkvist
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development (IMED) Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcello Maresca
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development (IMED) Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ryan Hicks
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development (IMED) Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Meuller
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development (IMED) Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephen J Moss
- Tufts-AstraZeneca Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, MA.,Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines and Early Development (IMED) Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA
| | - Michael W Wood
- Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines and Early Development (IMED) Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA
| | - Iva Kulic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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20
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Tarr JC, Wood MR, Noetzel MJ, Melancon BJ, Lamsal A, Luscombe VB, Rodriguez AL, Byers FW, Chang S, Cho HP, Engers DW, Jones CK, Niswender CM, Wood MW, Brandon NJ, Duggan ME, Conn PJ, Bridges TM, Lindsley CW. Challenges in the development of an M 4 PAM preclinical candidate: The discovery, SAR, and biological characterization of a series of azetidine-derived tertiary amides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5179-5184. [PMID: 29089231 PMCID: PMC6542369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the continued optimization of M4 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) within the 5-amino-thieno[2,3-c]pyridazine series of compounds. In this letter, we disclose our studies on tertiary amides derived from substituted azetidines. This series provided excellent CNS penetration, which had been challenging to consistently achieve in other amide series. Efforts to mitigate high clearance, aided by metabolic softspot analysis, were unsuccessful and precluded this series from further consideration as a preclinical candidate. In the course of this study, we found that potassium tetrafluoroborate salts could be engaged in a tosyl hydrazone reductive cross coupling reaction, a previously unreported transformation, which expands the synthetic utility of the methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Tarr
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael R Wood
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Meredith J Noetzel
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bruce J Melancon
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Atin Lamsal
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Vincent B Luscombe
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alice L Rodriguez
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Frank W Byers
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sichen Chang
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hyekyung P Cho
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Darren W Engers
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael W Wood
- Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Astra Zeneca, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Astra Zeneca, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mark E Duggan
- Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Astra Zeneca, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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21
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Shi Y, Yamada K, Liddelow SA, Smith ST, Zhao L, Luo W, Tsai RM, Spina S, Grinberg LT, Rojas JC, Gallardo G, Wang K, Roh J, Robinson G, Finn MB, Jiang H, Sullivan PM, Baufeld C, Wood MW, Sutphen C, McCue L, Xiong C, Del-Aguila JL, Morris JC, Cruchaga C, Fagan AM, Miller BL, Boxer AL, Seeley WW, Butovsky O, Barres BA, Paul SM, Holtzman DM. ApoE4 markedly exacerbates tau-mediated neurodegeneration in a mouse model of tauopathy. Nature 2017; 549:523-527. [PMID: 28959956 PMCID: PMC5641217 DOI: 10.1038/nature24016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 746] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
APOE4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer disease. ApoE4 increases brain amyloid-β pathology relative to other ApoE isoforms. However, whether APOE independently influences tau pathology, the other major proteinopathy of Alzheimer disease and other tauopathies, or tau-mediated neurodegeneration, is not clear. By generating P301S tau transgenic mice on either a human ApoE knock-in (KI) or ApoE knockout (KO) background, here we show that P301S/E4 mice have significantly higher tau levels in the brain and a greater extent of somatodendritic tau redistribution by three months of age compared with P301S/E2, P301S/E3, and P301S/EKO mice. By nine months of age, P301S mice with different ApoE genotypes display distinct phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) staining patterns. P301S/E4 mice develop markedly more brain atrophy and neuroinflammation than P301S/E2 and P301S/E3 mice, whereas P301S/EKO mice are largely protected from these changes. In vitro, E4-expressing microglia exhibit higher innate immune reactivity after lipopolysaccharide treatment. Co-culturing P301S tau-expressing neurons with E4-expressing mixed glia results in a significantly higher level of tumour-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion and markedly reduced neuronal viability compared with neuron/E2 and neuron/E3 co-cultures. Neurons co-cultured with EKO glia showed the greatest viability with the lowest level of secreted TNF-α. Treatment of P301S neurons with recombinant ApoE (E2, E3, E4) also leads to some neuronal damage and death compared with the absence of ApoE, with ApoE4 exacerbating the effect. In individuals with a sporadic primary tauopathy, the presence of an ε4 allele is associated with more severe regional neurodegeneration. In individuals who are positive for amyloid-β pathology with symptomatic Alzheimer disease who usually have tau pathology, ε4-carriers demonstrate greater rates of disease progression. Our results demonstrate that ApoE affects tau pathogenesis, neuroinflammation, and tau-mediated neurodegeneration independently of amyloid-β pathology. ApoE4 exerts a 'toxic' gain of function whereas the absence of ApoE is protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders,
Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kaoru Yamada
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shane Antony Liddelow
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University,
Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott T Smith
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lingzhi Zhao
- Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Feil Family
Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell
University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenjie Luo
- Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Feil Family
Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell
University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard M. Tsai
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lea T. Grinberg
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco,
CA, USA
| | - Julio C. Rojas
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gilbert Gallardo
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders,
Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kairuo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders,
Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joseph Roh
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders,
Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Grace Robinson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri School of
Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Mary Beth Finn
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders,
Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders,
Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Patrick M Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham
Veterans Health Administration Medical Center’s Geriatric Research,
Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Caroline Baufeld
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Courtney Sutphen
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders,
Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lena McCue
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St
Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St
Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jorge L. Del-Aguila
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine,
660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C. Morris
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders,
Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine,
660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School
of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Anne M. Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders,
Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam L. Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William W. Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco,
CA, USA
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ben A. Barres
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University,
Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven M. Paul
- Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Feil Family
Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell
University, New York, NY, USA
- Voyager Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David M. Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders,
Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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22
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Wood MW, Martino G, Coupal M, Lindberg M, Schroeder P, Santhakumar V, Valiquette M, Sandin J, Widzowski D, Laird J. Broad analgesic activity of a novel, selective M1 agonist. Neuropharmacology 2017. [PMID: 28623171 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although the muscarinic receptor family has long been a source of potentially compelling targets for small molecule drug discovery, it was difficult to achieve agonist selectivity within the family. A new class of M1 muscarinic agonists has emerged, and these compounds have been characterized as agonists that activate the receptor at an allosteric site. Members of this class of M1 agonists have been shown to be selective across the muscarinic receptors. However, upon introduction of a novel pharmacologic mechanism, it is prudent to ensure that no new off-target activities have arisen, particularly within the context of in vivo experiments. Reported here, is the in vitro and in vivo characterization of a novel M1 agonist tool compound, PPBI, and demonstrations that the primary biological effects of PPBI are mediated through M1. PPBI reverses d-amphetamine locomotor activity, but fails to do so in transgenic mice that do not express M1. PPBI also reverses a natural deficit in a rat cognition model at a level of exposure which also activates cortical circuitry. Most notably, PPBI is analgesic in a variety of rat and mouse models and the analgesic effect of PPBI is reversed by an M1-preferring antagonist and an M1-selective toxin. Finally, the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic measures of PPBI are compared across multiple endpoints which highlights that activity in models of psychosis and pain require higher exposures than that required in the cognition model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Wood
- AstraZeneca, Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines & Early Development, Waltham, MA 02451, United States.
| | - Giovanni Martino
- AstraZeneca, Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines & Early Development, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Martin Coupal
- AstraZeneca, Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines & Early Development, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Mattias Lindberg
- AstraZeneca, Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines & Early Development, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Patricia Schroeder
- AstraZeneca, Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines & Early Development, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Vijayaratnam Santhakumar
- AstraZeneca, Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines & Early Development, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Manon Valiquette
- AstraZeneca, Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines & Early Development, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Johan Sandin
- AstraZeneca, Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines & Early Development, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Daniel Widzowski
- AstraZeneca, Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines & Early Development, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Jennifer Laird
- AstraZeneca, Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines & Early Development, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
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23
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Gould RW, Grannan MD, Gunter BW, Ball J, Bubser M, Bridges TM, Wess J, Wood MW, Brandon NJ, Duggan ME, Niswender CM, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Jones CK. Cognitive enhancement and antipsychotic-like activity following repeated dosing with the selective M 4 PAM VU0467154. Neuropharmacology 2017; 128:492-502. [PMID: 28729220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although selective activation of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtype has been shown to improve cognitive function in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders, recent evidence suggests that enhancing M4 mAChR function can also improve memory performance. Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) targeting the M4 mAChR subtype have shown therapeutic potential for the treatment of multiple symptoms observed in schizophrenia, including positive and cognitive symptoms when assessed in acute preclinical dosing paradigms. Since the cholinergic system has been implicated in multiple stages of learning and memory, we evaluated the effects of repeated dosing with the highly selective M4 PAM VU0467154 on either acquisition and/or consolidation of learning and memory when dosed alone or after pharmacologic challenge with the N-methyl-d-aspartate subtype of glutamate receptors (NMDAR) antagonist MK-801. MK-801 challenge represents a well-documented preclinical model of NMDAR hypofunction that is thought to underlie some of the positive and cognitive symptoms observed in schizophrenia. In wildtype mice, 10-day, once-daily dosing of VU0467154 either prior to, or immediately after daily testing enhanced the rate of learning in a touchscreen visual pairwise discrimination task; these effects were absent in M4 mAChR knockout mice. Following a similar 10-day, once-daily dosing regimen of VU0467154, we also observed 1) improved acquisition of memory in a cue-mediated conditioned freezing paradigm, 2) attenuation of MK-801-induced disruptions in the acquisition of memory in a context-mediated conditioned freezing paradigm and 3) reversal of MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion. Comparable efficacy and plasma and brain concentrations of VU0467154 were observed after repeated dosing as those previously reported with an acute, single dose administration of this M4 PAM. Together, these studies are the first to demonstrate that cognitive enhancing and antipsychotic-like activity are not subject to the development of tolerance following repeated dosing with a selective M4 PAM in mice and further suggest that activation of M4 mAChRs may modulate both acquisition and consolidation of memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Gould
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael D Grannan
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Barak W Gunter
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jacob Ball
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael Bubser
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jurgen Wess
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael W Wood
- AstraZeneca, Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines & Early Development, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- AstraZeneca, Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines & Early Development, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Mark E Duggan
- AstraZeneca, Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines & Early Development, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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24
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Tarr JC, Wood MR, Noetzel MJ, Bertron JL, Weiner RL, Rodriguez AL, Lamsal A, Byers FW, Chang S, Cho HP, Jones CK, Niswender CM, Wood MW, Brandon NJ, Duggan ME, Conn PJ, Bridges TM, Lindsley CW. Challenges in the development of an M 4 PAM preclinical candidate: The discovery, SAR, and in vivo characterization of a series of 3-aminoazetidine-derived amides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2990-2995. [PMID: 28522253 PMCID: PMC5518475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This letter details the continued chemical optimization of a novel series of M4 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) based on a 5-amino-thieno[2,3-c]pyridazine core by incorporating a 3-amino azetidine amide moiety. The analogs described within this work represent the most potent M4 PAMs reported for this series to date. The SAR to address potency, clearance, subtype selectivity, CNS exposure, and P-gp efflux are described. This work culminated in the discovery of VU6000918, which demonstrated robust efficacy in a rat amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion reversal model at a minimum efficacious dose of 0.3mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Tarr
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael R Wood
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Meredith J Noetzel
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeanette L Bertron
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rebecca L Weiner
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alice L Rodriguez
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Atin Lamsal
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Frank W Byers
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sichen Chang
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hyekyung P Cho
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael W Wood
- Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Astra Zeneca, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Astra Zeneca, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mark E Duggan
- Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Astra Zeneca, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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25
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Melancon BJ, Wood MR, Noetzel MJ, Nance KD, Engelberg EM, Han C, Lamsal A, Chang S, Cho HP, Byers FW, Bubser M, Jones CK, Niswender CM, Wood MW, Engers DW, Wu D, Brandon NJ, Duggan ME, Conn PJ, Bridges TM, Lindsley CW. Optimization of M 4 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs): The discovery of VU0476406, a non-human primate in vivo tool compound for translational pharmacology. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2296-2301. [PMID: 28442253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This letter describes the further chemical optimization of the 5-amino-thieno[2,3-c]pyridazine series (VU0467154/VU0467485) of M4 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), developed via iterative parallel synthesis, culminating in the discovery of the non-human primate (NHP) in vivo tool compound, VU0476406 (8p). VU0476406 is an important in vivo tool compound to enable translation of pharmacodynamics from rodent to NHP, and while data related to a Parkinson's disease model has been reported with 8p, this is the first disclosure of the optimization and discovery of VU0476406, as well as detailed pharmacology and DMPK properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce J Melancon
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael R Wood
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Meredith J Noetzel
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kellie D Nance
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eileen M Engelberg
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Changho Han
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Atin Lamsal
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sichen Chang
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hyekyung P Cho
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Frank W Byers
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael Bubser
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael W Wood
- AstraZeneca, Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines & Early Development, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Darren W Engers
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dedong Wu
- AstraZeneca, Pharmaceutical Science, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- AstraZeneca, Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines & Early Development, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Mark E Duggan
- AstraZeneca, Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines & Early Development, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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26
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Wood MR, Noetzel MJ, Melancon BJ, Poslusney MS, Nance KD, Hurtado MA, Luscombe VB, Weiner RL, Rodriguez AL, Lamsal A, Chang S, Bubser M, Blobaum AL, Engers DW, Niswender CM, Jones CK, Brandon NJ, Wood MW, Duggan ME, Conn PJ, Bridges TM, Lindsley CW. Discovery of VU0467485/AZ13713945: An M 4 PAM Evaluated as a Preclinical Candidate for the Treatment of Schizophrenia. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:233-238. [PMID: 28197318 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the structure-activity relationships within a series of potent, selective, and orally bioavailable muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 4 (M4) positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). Compound 6c (VU0467485) possesses robust in vitro M4 PAM potency across species and in vivo efficacy in preclinical models of schizophrenia. Coupled with an attractive DMPK profile and suitable predicted human PK, 6c (VU0467485) was evaluated as a preclinical development candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Wood
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Meredith J. Noetzel
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Bruce J. Melancon
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Michael S. Poslusney
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kellie D. Nance
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Miguel A. Hurtado
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Vincent B. Luscombe
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Weiner
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Alice L. Rodriguez
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Atin Lamsal
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Sichen Chang
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Michael Bubser
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Anna L. Blobaum
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Darren W. Engers
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Carrie K. Jones
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Brandon
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines Biotech
Unit, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael W. Wood
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines Biotech
Unit, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mark E. Duggan
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines Biotech
Unit, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Thomas M. Bridges
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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27
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Wood MR, Noetzel MJ, Poslusney MS, Melancon BJ, Tarr JC, Lamsal A, Chang S, Luscombe VB, Weiner RL, Cho HP, Bubser M, Jones CK, Niswender CM, Wood MW, Engers DW, Brandon NJ, Duggan ME, Conn PJ, Bridges TM, Lindsley CW. Challenges in the development of an M 4 PAM in vivo tool compound: The discovery of VU0467154 and unexpected DMPK profiles of close analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:171-175. [PMID: 27939174 PMCID: PMC5340297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This letter describes the chemical optimization of a novel series of M4 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) based on a 5-amino-thieno[2,3-c]pyridazine core, developed via iterative parallel synthesis, and culminating in the highly utilized rodent in vivo tool compound, VU0467154 (5). This is the first report of the optimization campaign (SAR and DMPK profiling) that led to the discovery of VU0467154, and details all of the challenges faced in allosteric modulator programs (steep SAR, species differences in PAM pharmacology and subtle structural changes affecting CNS penetration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Wood
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Meredith J Noetzel
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael S Poslusney
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bruce J Melancon
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James C Tarr
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Atin Lamsal
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sichen Chang
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Vincent B Luscombe
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rebecca L Weiner
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hyekyung P Cho
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael Bubser
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael W Wood
- Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Astra Zeneca, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Darren W Engers
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Astra Zeneca, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mark E Duggan
- Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Astra Zeneca, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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28
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Fan J, Zareyan S, Zhao W, Shimizu Y, Pfeifer TA, Tak JH, Isman MB, Van den Hoven B, Duggan ME, Wood MW, Wellington CL, Kulic I. Identification of a Chrysanthemic Ester as an Apolipoprotein E Inducer in Astrocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162384. [PMID: 27598782 PMCID: PMC5012716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is the most highly associated susceptibility locus for late onset Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), and augmenting the beneficial physiological functions of apoE is a proposed therapeutic strategy. In a high throughput phenotypic screen for small molecules that enhance apoE secretion from human CCF-STTG1 astrocytoma cells, we show the chrysanthemic ester 82879 robustly increases expressed apoE up to 9.4-fold and secreted apoE up to 6-fold and is associated with increased total cholesterol in conditioned media. Compound 82879 is unique as structural analogues, including pyrethroid esters, show no effect on apoE expression or secretion. 82879 also stimulates liver x receptor (LXR) target genes including ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1), LXRα and inducible degrader of low density lipoprotein receptor (IDOL) at both mRNA and protein levels. In particular, the lipid transporter ABCA1 was increased by up to 10.6-fold upon 82879 treatment. The findings from CCF-STTG1 cells were confirmed in primary human astrocytes from three donors, where increased apoE and ABCA1 was observed along with elevated secretion of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-like apoE particles. Nuclear receptor transactivation assays revealed modest direct LXR agonism by compound 82879, yet 10 μM of 82879 significantly upregulated apoE mRNA in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) depleted of both LXRα and LXRβ, demonstrating that 82879 can also induce apoE expression independent of LXR transactivation. By contrast, deletion of LXRs in MEFs completely blocked mRNA changes in ABCA1 even at 10 μM of 82879, indicating the ability of 82879 to stimulate ABCA1 expression is entirely dependent on LXR transactivation. Taken together, compound 82879 is a novel chrysanthemic ester capable of modulating apoE secretion as well as apoE-associated lipid metabolic pathways in astrocytes, which is structurally and mechanistically distinct from known LXR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjia Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shahab Zareyan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wenchen Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yoko Shimizu
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tom A. Pfeifer
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jun-Hyung Tak
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Murray B. Isman
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Mark E. Duggan
- AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Wood
- AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cheryl L. Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Iva Kulic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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29
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Wood MR, Noetzel MJ, Tarr JC, Rodriguez AL, Lamsal A, Chang S, Foster JJ, Smith E, Chase P, Hodder PS, Engers DW, Niswender CM, Brandon NJ, Wood MW, Duggan ME, Conn PJ, Bridges TM, Lindsley CW. Discovery and SAR of a novel series of potent, CNS penetrant M4 PAMs based on a non-enolizable ketone core: Challenges in disposition. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4282-6. [PMID: 27476142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This Letter describes the chemical optimization of a novel series of M4 PAMs based on a non-enolizable ketone core, identified from an MLPCN functional high-throughput screen. The HTS hit was potent, selective and CNS penetrant; however, the compound was highly cleared in vitro and in vivo. SAR provided analogs for which M4 PAM potency and CNS exposure were maintained; yet, clearance remained high. Metabolite identification studies demonstrated that this series was subject to rapid, and near quantitative, reductive metabolism to the corresponding secondary alcohol metabolite that was devoid of M4 PAM activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Wood
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Meredith J Noetzel
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James C Tarr
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alice L Rodriguez
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Atin Lamsal
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sichen Chang
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jarrett J Foster
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Emery Smith
- The Scripps Research Institutes Molecular Screening Center, Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Peter Chase
- The Scripps Research Institutes Molecular Screening Center, Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | | | - Darren W Engers
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Astra Zeneca, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael W Wood
- Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Astra Zeneca, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mark E Duggan
- Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Astra Zeneca, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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30
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Pritchard JC, Jacob ME, Ward TJ, Parsons CT, Kathariou S, Wood MW. Listeria monocytogenessepticemia in an immunocompromised dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2016; 45:254-259. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C. Pritchard
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
| | - Megan E. Jacob
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
| | - Todd J. Ward
- Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit; Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Peoria IL USA
| | - Cameron T. Parsons
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
| | - Sophia Kathariou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
| | - Michael W. Wood
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine; Madison WI USA
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31
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Wood MR, Noetzel MJ, Engers JL, Bollinger KA, Melancon BJ, Tarr JC, Han C, West M, Gregro AR, Lamsal A, Chang S, Ajmera S, Smith E, Chase P, Hodder PS, Bubser M, Jones CK, Hopkins CR, Emmitte KA, Niswender CM, Wood MW, Duggan ME, Conn PJ, Bridges TM, Lindsley CW. Discovery and optimization of a novel series of highly CNS penetrant M4 PAMs based on a 5,6-dimethyl-4-(piperidin-1-yl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine core. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3029-3033. [PMID: 27185330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This Letter describes the chemical optimization of a novel series of M4 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) based on a 5,6-dimethyl-4-(piperidin-1-yl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine core, identified from an MLPCN functional high-throughput screen. The HTS hit was potent and selective, but not CNS penetrant. Potency was maintained, while CNS penetration was improved (rat brain:plasma Kp=0.74), within the original core after several rounds of optimization; however, the thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine core was subject to extensive oxidative metabolism. Ultimately, we identified a 6-fluoroquinazoline core replacement that afforded good M4 PAM potency, muscarinic receptor subtype selectivity and CNS penetration (rat brain:plasma Kp>10). Moreover, this campaign provided fundamentally distinct M4 PAM chemotypes, greatly expanding the available structural diversity for this exciting CNS target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Wood
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Meredith J Noetzel
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Julie L Engers
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Katrina A Bollinger
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bruce J Melancon
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James C Tarr
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Changho Han
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mary West
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alison R Gregro
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Atin Lamsal
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sichen Chang
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sonia Ajmera
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Emery Smith
- The Scripps Research Institutes Molecular Screening Center, Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Peter Chase
- The Scripps Research Institutes Molecular Screening Center, Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | | | - Michael Bubser
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Corey R Hopkins
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kyle A Emmitte
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael W Wood
- Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Astra Zeneca, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mark E Duggan
- Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Astra Zeneca, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Cross AJ, Widzowski D, Maciag C, Zacco A, Hudzik T, Liu J, Nyberg S, Wood MW. Quetiapine and its metabolite norquetiapine: translation from in vitro pharmacology to in vivo efficacy in rodent models. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:155-66. [PMID: 26436896 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Quetiapine has a range of clinical activity distinct from other atypical antipsychotic drugs, demonstrating efficacy as monotherapy in bipolar depression, major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. The neuropharmacological mechanisms underlying this clinical profile are not completely understood; however, the major active metabolite, norquetiapine, has been shown to have a distinct in vitro pharmacological profile consistent with a broad therapeutic range and may contribute to the clinical profile of quetiapine. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We evaluated quetiapine and norquetiapine, using in vitro binding and functional assays of targets known to be associated with antidepressant and anxiolytic drug actions and compared these activities with a representative range of established antipsychotics and antidepressants. To determine how the in vitro pharmacological properties translate into in vivo activity, we used preclinical animal models with translational relevance to established antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like drug action. KEY RESULTS Norquetiapine had equivalent activity to established antidepressants at the noradrenaline transporter (NET), while quetiapine was inactive. Norquetiapine was active in the mouse forced swimming and rat learned helplessness tests. In in vivo receptor occupancy studies, norquetiapine had significant occupancy at NET at behaviourally relevant doses. Both quetiapine and norquetiapine were agonists at 5-HT1A receptors, and the anxiolytic-like activity of norquetiapine in rat punished responding was blocked by the 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY100635. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Quetiapine and norquetiapine have multiple in vitro pharmacological actions, and results from preclinical studies suggest that activity at NET and 5-HT1A receptors contributes to the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects in patients treated with quetiapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Cross
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D Widzowski
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C Maciag
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Zacco
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - T Hudzik
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Liu
- AstraZeneca R&D, Shanghai, China
| | - S Nyberg
- AstraZeneca R&D, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - M W Wood
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Gould RW, Nedelcovych MT, Gong X, Tsai E, Bubser M, Bridges TM, Wood MR, Duggan ME, Brandon NJ, Dunlop J, Wood MW, Ivarsson M, Noetzel MJ, Daniels JS, Niswender CM, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Jones CK. State-dependent alterations in sleep/wake architecture elicited by the M4 PAM VU0467154 - Relation to antipsychotic-like drug effects. Neuropharmacology 2015; 102:244-53. [PMID: 26617071 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates direct relationships between sleep abnormalities and the severity and prevalence of other symptom clusters in schizophrenia. Assessment of potential state-dependent alterations in sleep architecture and arousal relative to antipsychotic-like activity is critical for the development of novel antipsychotic drugs (APDs). Recently, we reported that VU0467154, a selective positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), exhibits robust APD-like and cognitive enhancing activity in rodents. However, the state-dependent effects of VU0467154 on sleep architecture and arousal have not been examined. Using polysomnography and quantitative electroencephalographic recordings from subcranial electrodes in rats, we evaluated the effects of VU0467154, in comparison with the atypical APD clozapine and the M1/M4-preferring mAChR agonist xanomeline. VU0467154 induced state-dependent alterations in sleep architecture and arousal including delayed Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep onset, increased cumulative duration of total and Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep, and increased arousal during waking periods. Clozapine decreased arousal during wake, increased cumulative NREM, and decreased REM sleep. In contrast, xanomeline increased time awake and arousal during wake, but reduced slow wave activity during NREM sleep. Additionally, in combination with the N-methyl-d-aspartate subtype of glutamate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist MK-801, modeling NMDAR hypofunction thought to underlie many symptoms in schizophrenia, both VU0467154 and clozapine attenuated MK-801-induced elevations in high frequency gamma power consistent with an APD-like mechanism of action. These findings suggest that selective M4 PAMs may represent a novel mechanism for treating multiple symptoms of schizophrenia, including disruptions in sleep architecture without a sedative profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Gould
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael T Nedelcovych
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Xuewen Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Erica Tsai
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael Bubser
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael R Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mark E Duggan
- Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John Dunlop
- Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael W Wood
- Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Magnus Ivarsson
- Proteostasis Therapeutics, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Meredith J Noetzel
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - J Scott Daniels
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Varnes JG, Geschwindner S, Holmquist CR, Forst J, Wang X, Dekker N, Scott CW, Tian G, Wood MW, Albert JS. Fragment-assisted hit investigation involving integrated HTS and fragment screening: Application to the identification of phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 26:197-202. [PMID: 26597534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fragment-based drug design (FBDD) relies on direct elaboration of fragment hits and typically requires high resolution structural information to guide optimization. In fragment-assisted drug discovery (FADD), fragments provide information to guide selection and design but do not serve as starting points for elaboration. We describe FADD and high-throughput screening (HTS) campaign strategies conducted in parallel against PDE10A where fragment hit co-crystallography was not available. The fragment screen led to prioritized fragment hits (IC50's ∼500μM), which were used to generate a hypothetical core scaffold. Application of this scaffold as a filter to HTS output afforded a 4μM hit, which, after preparation of a small number of analogs, was elaborated into a 16nM lead. This approach highlights the strength of FADD, as fragment methods were applied despite the absence of co-crystallographical information to efficiently identify a lead compound for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey G Varnes
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, PO Box 15437, Wilmington, DE 19850-5437, USA.
| | | | - Christopher R Holmquist
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, PO Box 15437, Wilmington, DE 19850-5437, USA
| | - Janet Forst
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, PO Box 15437, Wilmington, DE 19850-5437, USA
| | - Xia Wang
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, PO Box 15437, Wilmington, DE 19850-5437, USA
| | - Niek Dekker
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Clay W Scott
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, PO Box 15437, Wilmington, DE 19850-5437, USA
| | - Gaochao Tian
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, PO Box 15437, Wilmington, DE 19850-5437, USA
| | - Michael W Wood
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, PO Box 15437, Wilmington, DE 19850-5437, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Albert
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, PO Box 15437, Wilmington, DE 19850-5437, USA.
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Bubser M, Bridges TM, Dencker D, Gould RW, Grannan M, Noetzel MJ, Lamsal A, Niswender CM, Daniels JS, Poslusney MS, Melancon BJ, Tarr JC, Byers FW, Wess J, Duggan ME, Dunlop J, Wood MW, Brandon NJ, Wood MR, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Jones CK. Selective activation of M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors reverses MK-801-induced behavioral impairments and enhances associative learning in rodents. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:920-42. [PMID: 25137629 PMCID: PMC4324418 DOI: 10.1021/cn500128b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) represent a novel approach for the treatment of psychotic symptoms associated with schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. We recently reported that the selective M4 PAM VU0152100 produced an antipsychotic drug-like profile in rodents after amphetamine challenge. Previous studies suggest that enhanced cholinergic activity may also improve cognitive function and reverse deficits observed with reduced signaling through the N-methyl-d-aspartate subtype of the glutamate receptor (NMDAR) in the central nervous system. Prior to this study, the M1 mAChR subtype was viewed as the primary candidate for these actions relative to the other mAChR subtypes. Here we describe the discovery of a novel M4 PAM, VU0467154, with enhanced in vitro potency and improved pharmacokinetic properties relative to other M4 PAMs, enabling a more extensive characterization of M4 actions in rodent models. We used VU0467154 to test the hypothesis that selective potentiation of M4 receptor signaling could ameliorate the behavioral, cognitive, and neurochemical impairments induced by the noncompetitive NMDAR antagonist MK-801. VU0467154 produced a robust dose-dependent reversal of MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion and deficits in preclinical models of associative learning and memory functions, including the touchscreen pairwise visual discrimination task in wild-type mice, but failed to reverse these stimulant-induced deficits in M4 KO mice. VU0467154 also enhanced the acquisition of both contextual and cue-mediated fear conditioning when administered alone in wild-type mice. These novel findings suggest that M4 PAMs may provide a strategy for addressing the more complex affective and cognitive disruptions associated with schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bubser
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Thomas M. Bridges
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Ditte Dencker
- Laboratory
of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert W. Gould
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Michael Grannan
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Meredith J. Noetzel
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Atin Lamsal
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - J. Scott Daniels
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Michael S. Poslusney
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Bruce J. Melancon
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - James C. Tarr
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Frank W. Byers
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jürgen Wess
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Mark E. Duggan
- Neuroscience
Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John Dunlop
- Neuroscience
Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael W. Wood
- Neuroscience
Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Brandon
- Neuroscience
Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael R. Wood
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Carrie K. Jones
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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Pritchard JC, Birkenheuer AJ, Hanel RM, Wood MW. Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) Envenomation of Dogs: 52 Cases (2004–2011). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2014; 50:338-44. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Copperhead envenomation is common within the US, and no studies exist describing the clinical course of copperhead envenomation in dogs. Almost all treatment decisions regarding those bites are extrapolated from retrospective studies evaluating the clinical course of rattlesnake bites. Because copperheads and rattlesnakes produce venom with different potency, assumptions that treatment of the different envenomations should be similar may be incorrect. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical course of copperhead envenomation in dogs and administered treatments. Medical records of 52 dogs treated for copperhead envenomation were reviewed, and owners were contacted regarding outcome. The most common clinical signs associated with copperhead envenomation included swelling, pain, and ecchymosis. Clinicopathological abnormalities (e.g., thrombocytopenia, elevated clotting times, leukocytosis) were mild, and red blood cell morphology changes and coagulopathies were rare. Most dogs were treated with antimicrobials, analgesics, and fluid therapy. No dogs in this study required the use of antivenin and all survived to discharge. This study found that the clinical course after copperhead envenomation is generally limited to local rather than systemic illness. Copperhead envenomation in dogs is largely self-limiting and responsive to supportive care with hospitalization for monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C. Pritchard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC
| | - Adam J. Birkenheuer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC
| | - Rita M. Hanel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC
| | - Michael W. Wood
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC
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Wood MW, Wesolowski SS, Widzowski DV, Cross AJ. Quantification of the interrelationships of receptor pharmacologies within a tricyclic privileged structural scaffold through application of modified forward selection. Neuropharmacology 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wood MW, Wesolowski SS, Widzowski DV, Cross AJ. Quantification of the interrelationships of receptor pharmacologies within a tricyclic privileged structural scaffold through application of modified forward selection. Neuropharmacology 2014; 77:475-480. [PMID: 24490229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Many neuropsychiatric drugs interact with more than one molecular target, and therapeutic indices might be improved by prospectively designing compounds with profiles optimized against a combination of targets. The dibenzo-epine scaffold is considered a privileged structure, and this scaffold has been explored rigorously in the search for potential novel neuropharmacologic treatments. Members of this chemical class are known to interact with many receptors and transporters, particularly those of the biogenic amine class. In this study, four points of diversity within a dibenzo-epine scaffold were varied systematically and the pharmacologic profiles of the compounds were assessed across 14 receptors and transporters thought to be important to clinical profiles of efficacy and safety. The resulting data were analyzed using a modified forward selection linear regression procedure, thus revealing potential pharmacophoric relationships of the assessed targets within this chemical class. The results highlight a strong covariance across numerous targets. Moreover, the outcome quantifies the innately problematic issue of prospectively designing compounds with defined affinities across multiple targets. Finally, an exploration of the correspondence of binding affinities to in vitro functional activity reveals an additional layer of complexity central to prospectively designing compounds to engage multiple targets. The apparent relatedness of the 5-HT(2a) and D₂ activities suggests that the structural pharmacophores of these receptors overlap more closely with each other than with members of their respective families.
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Hutchins RG, Vaden SL, Jacob ME, Harris TL, Bowles KD, Wood MW, Bailey CS. Vaginal microbiota of spayed dogs with or without recurrent urinary tract infections. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:300-4. [PMID: 24467326 PMCID: PMC4858014 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited information is available regarding the vaginal microbiota of normal spayed dogs and spayed dogs with recurrent UTIs. Vaginal lactic acid‐producing bacteria (LAB) have been associated with decreased frequency of recurrent urinary tract infection in women and may have a protective role within the urinary tract of female dogs. Hypothesis/Objectives Spayed dogs with historical recurrent UTI will have decreased prevalence of LAB and increased prevalence of uropathogenic bacterial populations in the vaginal microbiota when compared with the vaginal microbiota of healthy, spayed dogs. Animals Twenty‐one client‐owned adult spayed female dogs with historical recurrent UTI and 23 healthy, spayed female dogs without a history of recurrent UTI. Methods Dogs were placed into a recurrent UTI group or control group in this prospective study. Bacterial populations were isolated and characterized from vaginal swabs obtained from each dog. Results The most common bacterial isolates obtained from the vaginal tract of all dogs were Escherichia coli (11/44) and S. pseudintermedius (13/44). E. coli was isolated from the vaginal tract of 8 of 21 (38%) dogs in the rUTI group and 3 of 23 (13%) dogs in the control group (P = .08). LAB were isolated from 7 of the 44 dogs. Two of these 7 dogs were in the rUTI group and 5 of the 7 dogs were in the control group. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The vaginal microbiota of spayed female dogs with recurrent UTI was similar to the control population of normal, spayed female dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Hutchins
- Veterinary Specialty Hospital of the Carolinas, Raleigh, NC
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Hutchins RG, Bailey CS, Jacob ME, Harris TL, Wood MW, Saker KE, Vaden SL. The effect of an oral probiotic containing lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, and bacillus species on the vaginal microbiota of spayed female dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:1368-71. [PMID: 24033665 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are often difficult to treat. Vaginal colonization with lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) is associated with reduced frequency of recurrent UTIs in women. Oral probiotics might help increase the prevalence of vaginal LAB and decrease the frequency of recurrent UTIs in dogs. HYPOTHESIS Administration of an oral probiotic supplement containing Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacillus species will increase the prevalence of LAB in the vagina of dogs. ANIMALS Thirty-five healthy, spayed female dogs without history of recurrent UTIs. METHODS Prospective, controlled study. Enrolled dogs received an oral probiotic supplement for 14 or 28 days. A vaginal tract culture was obtained from each dog before and after oral probiotic administration. Twenty-three dogs received the oral probiotic supplement daily for a period of 14 days and 12 dogs received the oral probiotic supplement daily for a period of 28 days. RESULTS Lactic acid-producing bacteria were isolated from 7 of 35 dogs prior to probiotic administration. After the treatment course, 6 of 35 dogs had LAB isolated. Only one of these dogs had LAB (Enterococcus canintestini) isolated for the first time. Enterococcus canintestini was the most common LAB isolated from all dogs in this study, although it was not included in the probiotic supplement. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Lactic acid-producing bacteria are not a common isolate from the vaginal vault of dogs. Administration of this oral probiotic supplement for a 2- or 4-week period did not increase the prevalence of vaginal LAB in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Hutchins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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Brown DG, Bernstein PR, Wu Y, Urbanek RA, Becker CW, Throner SR, Dembofsky BT, Steelman GB, Lazor LA, Scott CW, Wood MW, Wesolowski SS, Nugiel DA, Koch S, Yu J, Pivonka DE, Li S, Thompson C, Zacco A, Elmore CS, Schroeder P, Liu J, Hurley CA, Ward S, Hunt HJ, Williams K, McLaughlin J, Hoesch V, Sydserff S, Maier D, Aharony D. Azepines and piperidines with dual norepinephrine dopamine uptake inhibition and antidepressant activity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:46-51. [PMID: 24900562 DOI: 10.1021/ml300262e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe the discovery of inhibitors of norepinephrine (NET) and dopamine (DAT) transporters with reduced activity relative to serotonin transporters (SERT). Two compounds, 8b and 21a, along with nomifensine were tested in a rodent receptor occupancy study and demonstrated dose-dependent displacement of radiolabeled NET and DAT ligands. These compounds were efficacious in a rat forced swim assay (model of depression) and also had activity in rat spontaneous locomotion assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean G. Brown
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Peter R. Bernstein
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Ye Wu
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Urbanek
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Christopher W. Becker
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Scott R. Throner
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Bruce T. Dembofsky
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Gary B. Steelman
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Lois A. Lazor
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Clay W. Scott
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Michael W. Wood
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Steven S. Wesolowski
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | | | - Stephanie Koch
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Jian Yu
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Donald E. Pivonka
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Shuang Li
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Carol Thompson
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Anna Zacco
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Charles S. Elmore
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Patricia Schroeder
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - JianWei Liu
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Christopher A. Hurley
- Argenta, 8/9 Spire Green Centre, Flex
Meadow, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5TR, United
Kingdom
| | - Stuart Ward
- Argenta, 8/9 Spire Green Centre, Flex
Meadow, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5TR, United
Kingdom
| | - Hazel J. Hunt
- Argenta, 8/9 Spire Green Centre, Flex
Meadow, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5TR, United
Kingdom
| | - Karen Williams
- Argenta, 8/9 Spire Green Centre, Flex
Meadow, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5TR, United
Kingdom
| | - Joseph McLaughlin
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Valerie Hoesch
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Simon Sydserff
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Donna Maier
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - David Aharony
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
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42
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Wood MW, Breitschwerdt EB, Nordone SK, Linder KE, Gookin JL. Uropathogenic E. coli promote a paracellular urothelial barrier defect characterized by altered tight junction integrity, epithelial cell sloughing and cytokine release. J Comp Pathol 2011; 147:11-9. [PMID: 22014415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The urinary bladder is a common site of bacterial infection with a majority of cases attributed to uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Sequelae of urinary tract infections (UTIs) include the loss of urothelial barrier function and subsequent clinical morbidity secondary to the permeation of urine potassium, urea and ammonia into the subepithelium. To date there has been limited research describing the mechanism by which this urothelial permeability defect develops. The present study models acute uropathogenic E. coli infection in vitro using intact canine bladder mucosa mounted in Ussing chambers to determine whether infection induces primarily a transcellular or paracellular permeability defect. The Ussing chamber sustains tissue viability while physically separating submucosal and lumen influences, so this model is ideal for quantitative measurement of transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) to assess alterations of urothelial barrier function. Using this model, changes in both tissue ultrastructure and TER indicated that uropathogenic E. coli infection promotes a paracellular permeability defect associated with the failure of umbrella cell tight junction formation and umbrella cell sloughing. In addition, bacterial interaction with the urothelium promoted secretion of cytokines from the urinary bladder with bioactivity capable of modulating epithelial barrier function including tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-15. IL-15 secretion by the infected bladder mucosa is a novel finding and, because IL-15 plays key roles in reconstitution of tight junction function in damaged intestine, this study points to a potential role for IL-15 in UTI-induced urothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Wood
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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43
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Wood MW, Nordone SK, Vaden SL, Breitschwerdt EB. Assessment of urine solute and matrix effects on the performance of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of interleukin-6 in dog urine. J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 23:316-20. [PMID: 21398454 DOI: 10.1177/104063871102300219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurement of cytokine concentrations within body fluids is a means of recognizing subclinical and/or unresolved, infectious and inflammatory states in patients. In the urinary tract, such information may be useful for identifying patients with pyelonephritis, asymptomatic bacteriuria, recurrent infections, and cystitis. One such cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), is recognized as a primary cytokine that is produced following exposure of the urothelium to bacterial virulence factors. Complicating reliable testing for this and other cytokines is the nature of urine itself. Urine varies widely in its composition as indicated by the range of pH and urine specific gravity (USG) observed in healthy patients. An additional variable is the protein and carbohydrate matrix capable of hindering immunologic testing modalities, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The purpose of the current study was to examine the role of urine pH, USG, and matrix while optimizing a canine-specific chemiluminescent ELISA for the measurement of IL-6 in the urine of dogs. Urine spiked with IL-6 obtained maximal IL-6 quantitative recoveries of only 55 ± 10% (mean ± 1 standard deviation) when an ELISA optimized for cell culture supernatants was used. The urine matrix and variations in USG were determined to by contributing to this poor IL-6 recovery. Using specific matrix inhibitors and optimal dilutions improved the IL-6 quantitative recovery to 91 ± 5%. Urine pH (5.5-9.5) had no effect. The current work underscores the importance of critically optimizing testing modalities for biomarkers, particularly if they are immunologic in origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Wood
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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44
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Brown DG, Maier DL, Sylvester MA, Hoerter TN, Menhaji-Klotz E, Lasota CC, Hirata LT, Wilkins DE, Scott CW, Trivedi S, Chen T, McCarthy DJ, Maciag CM, Sutton EJ, Cumberledge J, Mathisen D, Roberts J, Gupta A, Liu F, Elmore CS, Alhambra C, Krumrine JR, Wang X, Ciaccio PJ, Wood MW, Campbell JB, Johansson MJ, Xia J, Wen X, Jiang J, Wang X, Peng Z, Hu T, Wang J. 2,6-Disubstituted pyrazines and related analogs as NR2B site antagonists of the NMDA receptor with anti-depressant activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3399-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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45
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Varnes JG, Forst JM, Hoerter TN, Holmquist CR, Wilkins DE, Tian G, Jonak G, Wang X, Potts WM, Wood MW, Alhambra C, Brugel TA, Albert JS. Identification of N-(2-(azepan-1-yl)-2-phenylethyl)-benzenesulfonamides as novel inhibitors of GlyT1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4878-81. [PMID: 20637614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 06/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) inhibitors is described. Scoping of the heterocycle moiety of hit 4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide 1 led to replacement of the piperidine with an azepane for a modest increase in potency. Phenyl sulfonamides proved superior to alkyl and non-phenyl aromatic sulfonamides, while subsequent ortho substitution of the 2-(azepan-1-yl)-2-phenylethanamine aromatic ring yielded 39 (IC(50) 37 nM, solubility 14 microM), the most potent GlyT1 inhibitor in this series. Favorable brain-plasma ratios were observed for select compounds in pharmacokinetic studies to evaluate CNS penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey G Varnes
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington, DE 19850, USA
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46
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Wood MW, Vaden S, Cerda-Gonzalez S, Keene B. Cystoscopic-guided balloon dilation of a urethral stricture in a female dog. Can Vet J 2007; 48:731-3. [PMID: 17824158 PMCID: PMC1899847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A 9-year-old, spayed female, Labrador retriever was referred for evaluation of dysuria. Cystoscopic examination revealed a urethral stricture in the proximal urethra that was dilated by use of an angioplasty balloon (Gruntzig angioplasty balloon) under cystoscopic guidance. Following the procedure, the dysuria resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Wood
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough St., Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.
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47
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Zhao C, Wood MW, Galyov EE, Höpken UE, Lipp M, Bodmer HC, Tough DF, Carter RW. Salmonella typhimurium infection triggers dendritic cells and macrophages to adopt distinct migration patterns in vivo. Eur J Immunol 2007; 36:2939-50. [PMID: 17048271 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The presence of an anti-bacterial T cell response and evidence of bacterial products in inflamed joints of reactive arthritis patients suggests an antigen transportation role in this disease for macrophages and dendritic cells. We have investigated the functional properties and in vivo migration of macrophages and DC after infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium). BM-derived macrophages and DC displayed enhanced expression of costimulatory molecules (CD40 and CD86) and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-12p40) and nitric oxide after infection. Upon adoptive transfer into mice, infected DC migrated to lymphoid tissues and induced an anti-Salmonella T cell response, whereas infected macrophages did not. Infection of DC with S. typhimurium was associated with strong up-regulation of the chemokine receptor CCR7 and acquisition of responsiveness to chemokines acting through this receptor. Moreover, S. typhimurium-infected CCR7-deficient DC were unable to migrate to lymph nodes after adoptive transfer, although they did reach the spleen. Our data demonstrate distinct roles for macrophages and DC as antigen transporters after S. typhimurium infection and a dependence on CCR7 for migration of DC to lymph nodes after bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Zhao
- The Edward Jenner Institute for Vaccine Research, Compton, Newbury, UK
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48
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Stevens JM, Ulrich RL, Taylor LA, Wood MW, Deshazer D, Stevens MP, Galyov EE. Actin-binding proteins from Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia thailandensis can functionally compensate for the actin-based motility defect of a Burkholderia pseudomallei bimA mutant. J Bacteriol 2005; 187:7857-62. [PMID: 16267310 PMCID: PMC1280302 DOI: 10.1128/jb.187.22.7857-7862.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we identified a bacterial factor (BimA) required for actin-based motility of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Here we report that Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia thailandensis are capable of actin-based motility in J774.2 cells and that BimA homologs of these bacteria can restore the actin-based motility defect of a B. pseudomallei bimA mutant. While the BimA homologs differ in their amino-terminal sequence, they interact directly with actin in vitro and vary in their ability to bind Arp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Stevens
- Division of Microbiology, Institute for Animal Health, Compton Laboratory, Berkshire, UK
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Wood MW, Hastings RC, Sygowski LA. A Homogeneous Fluorescent Cell-Based Assay for Detection of Heterologously Expressed Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 10:849-55. [PMID: 16234340 DOI: 10.1177/1087057105280640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Arhodamine-derived, membrane-permeable fluorophore (DAR-4MAM) sensitive to nitric oxide production has been developed recently. The authors evaluated this reagent in both 96 and 384-well formats using heterologously expressed neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). nNOS transfected into HEK-293T cellswas stimulated by the addition of ionomycin. The calcium mobilization resulting from ionomycin treatment of nNOS-expressing 293T cells induced a robust increase in emission intensity, as measured using a standard rhodamine filter set. The effect was time dependent, and a 3 to 4-fold stimulation could be achieved in a 2-h time period. Ionomycin-dependent nitric oxide (NO) production was completely inhibited by several arginine analogs at micromolar concentrations (e.g., L-NAME IC 50= 3.0 µ M). Several arginine analog inhibitors of nNOS were revealed to be differentially reversible over increasing substrate concentrations. The assay is a facile method for characterizing inhibitors of nNOS in a relatively unperturbed cell environment.
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Stevens MP, Stevens JM, Jeng RL, Taylor LA, Wood MW, Hawes P, Monaghan P, Welch MD, Galyov EE. Identification of a bacterial factor required for actin-based motility of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Mol Microbiol 2005; 56:40-53. [PMID: 15773977 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen that enters and escapes from eukaryotic cells using the power of actin polymerization. We have identified a bacterial protein (BimA) that is required for the ability of B. pseudomallei to induce the formation of actin tails. BimA contains proline-rich motifs and WH2-like domains and shares limited homology at the C-terminus with the Yersinia autosecreted adhesin YadA. BimA is located at the pole of the bacterial cell at which actin polymerization occurs and mutation of bimA abolished actin-based motility of the pathogen in J774.2 cells. Transient expression of BimA in HeLa cells resulted in F-actin clustering reminiscent of that seen on WASP overexpression. Antibody-mediated clustering of a CD32 chimera in which the cytoplasmic domain was replaced with BimA resulted in localization of the chimera to the tips of F-actin enriched membrane protrusions. We report that purified truncated BimA protein binds monomeric actin in a concentration-dependent manner in cosedimentation assays and that BimA stimulates actin polymerization in vitro in a manner independent of the cellular Arp2/3 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Stevens
- Division of Microbiology, Institute for Animal Health, Compton Laboratory, Berkshire, RG20 7NN, UK
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