1
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Esbjörnsson M, Norman B, Persson M, Saini A, Bülow J, Jansson E. Enhanced interleukin-6 in human adipose tissue vein after sprint exercise: Results from a pilot study. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2024; 44:171-178. [PMID: 37899535 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-volume sprint exercise is likely to reduce body fat. Interleukin (IL-6) may mediate this by increasing adipose tissue (AT) lipolysis. Therefore, the exchange of AT IL-6 and glycerol, a marker of lipolysis, was examined in 10 healthy subjects performing three 30-s all-out sprints. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from brachial artery (a) and a superficial subcutaneous vein (v) on the anterior abdominal wall up to 9 min after the last sprint and analysed for IL-6 and glycerol. RESULTS Arterial IL-6 increased 2-fold from rest to last sprint. AT venous IL-6 increased 15-fold from 0.4 ± 0.4 at rest to 7.0 ± 4 pg × mL-1 (p < 0.0001) and AT v-a difference increased 45-fold from 0.12 ± 0.3 to 6.0 ± 5 pg x mL-1 (p < 0.0001) 9 min after last sprint. Arterial glycerol increased 2.5-fold from rest to 9 min postsprint 1 (p < 0.0001) and was maintained during the exercise period. AT venous and v-a difference of glycerol increased 2-fold from rest to 9 min postsprint 1 (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.01, respectively), decreased until 18 min postsprint 2 (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001), and then increased again until 9 min after last sprint (both p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The concurrent increase in venous IL-6 and glycerol in AT after last sprint is consistent with an IL-6 induced lipolysis in AT. Glycerol data also indicated an initial increase in lipolysis after sprint 1 that was unrelated to IL-6. Increased IL-6 in adipose tissue may, therefore, complement other sprint exercise-induced lipolytic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Esbjörnsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Norman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Moa Persson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Amarjit Saini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jens Bülow
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Jansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Zhang C, Nilsson H, Ebihara Y, Yamauchi M, Persson M, Rong Z, Zhong J, Dong C, Chen Y, Zhou X, Sun Y, Harada Y, Halekas J, Xu S, Futaana Y, Shi Z, Yuan C, Yun X, Fu S, Gao J, Holmström M, Wei Y, Barabash S. Detection of magnetospheric ion drift patterns at Mars. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6866. [PMID: 37891189 PMCID: PMC10611764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42630-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mars lacks a global magnetic field, and instead possesses small-scale crustal magnetic fields, making its magnetic environment fundamentally different from intrinsic magnetospheres like those of Earth or Saturn. Here we report the discovery of magnetospheric ion drift patterns, typical of intrinsic magnetospheres, at Mars using measurements from Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission. Specifically, we observe wedge-like dispersion structures of hydrogen ions exhibiting butterfly-shaped distributions (pitch angle peaks at 22.5°-45° and 135°-157.5°) within the Martian crustal fields, a feature previously observed only in planetary-scale intrinsic magnetospheres. These dispersed structures are the results of drift motions that fundamentally resemble those observed in intrinsic magnetospheres. Our findings indicate that the Martian magnetosphere embodies an intermediate case where both the unmagnetized and magnetized ion behaviors could be observed because of the wide range of strengths and spatial scales of the crustal magnetic fields around Mars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Space Physics and Department of Astronomy, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hans Nilsson
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - Yusuke Ebihara
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | | | - Moa Persson
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Zhaojin Rong
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanfei Dong
- Center for Space Physics and Department of Astronomy, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Center for Space Physics and Department of Astronomy, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuzhi Zhou
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Sun
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuki Harada
- Department of Geophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jasper Halekas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Shaosui Xu
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Zhen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chongjing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Yun
- Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Fu
- Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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3
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Aizawa S, Harada Y, André N, Saito Y, Barabash S, Delcourt D, Sauvaud JA, Barthe A, Fedorov A, Penou E, Yokota S, Miyake W, Persson M, Nénon Q, Rojo M, Futaana Y, Asamura K, Shimoyama M, Hadid LZ, Fontaine D, Katra B, Fraenz M, Krupp N, Matsuda S, Murakami G. Direct evidence of substorm-related impulsive injections of electrons at Mercury. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4019. [PMID: 37463887 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mercury's magnetosphere is known to involve fundamental processes releasing particles and energy like at Earth due to the solar wind interaction. The resulting cycle is however much faster and involves acceleration, transport, loss, and recycling of plasma. Direct experimental evidence for the roles of electrons during this cycle is however missing. Here we show that in-situ plasma observations obtained during BepiColombo's first Mercury flyby reveal a compressed magnetosphere hosts of quasi-periodic fluctuations, including the original observation of dynamic phenomena in the post-midnight, southern magnetosphere. The energy-time dispersed electron enhancements support the occurrence of substorm-related, multiple, impulsive injections of electrons that ultimately precipitate onto its surface and induce X-ray fluorescence. These observations reveal that electron injections and subsequent energy-dependent drift now observed throughout Solar System is a universal mechanism that generates aurorae despite the differences in structure and dynamics of the planetary magnetospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Aizawa
- IRAP, CNRS-UPS-CNES, Toulouse, France.
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan.
- Department of Physics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Yuki Harada
- Department of Geophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Yoshifumi Saito
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Stas Barabash
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, SE 98192, Sweden
| | - Dominique Delcourt
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), CNRS-Observatoire de Paris-Sorbonne Université-Université Paris Saclay-Ecole polytechnique-Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Shoichiro Yokota
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Moa Persson
- IRAP, CNRS-UPS-CNES, Toulouse, France
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kazushi Asamura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | - Lina Z Hadid
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), CNRS-Observatoire de Paris-Sorbonne Université-Université Paris Saclay-Ecole polytechnique-Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Dominique Fontaine
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), CNRS-Observatoire de Paris-Sorbonne Université-Université Paris Saclay-Ecole polytechnique-Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Bruno Katra
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), CNRS-Observatoire de Paris-Sorbonne Université-Université Paris Saclay-Ecole polytechnique-Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Markus Fraenz
- Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Krupp
- Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Go Murakami
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
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4
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Way MJ, Ostberg C, Foley BJ, Gillmann C, Höning D, Lammer H, O’Rourke J, Persson M, Plesa AC, Salvador A, Scherf M, Weller M. Synergies Between Venus & Exoplanetary Observations: Venus and Its Extrasolar Siblings. Space Sci Rev 2023; 219:13. [PMID: 36785654 PMCID: PMC9911515 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-023-00953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Here we examine how our knowledge of present day Venus can inform terrestrial exoplanetary science and how exoplanetary science can inform our study of Venus. In a superficial way the contrasts in knowledge appear stark. We have been looking at Venus for millennia and studying it via telescopic observations for centuries. Spacecraft observations began with Mariner 2 in 1962 when we confirmed that Venus was a hothouse planet, rather than the tropical paradise science fiction pictured. As long as our level of exploration and understanding of Venus remains far below that of Mars, major questions will endure. On the other hand, exoplanetary science has grown leaps and bounds since the discovery of Pegasus 51b in 1995, not too long after the golden years of Venus spacecraft missions came to an end with the Magellan Mission in 1994. Multi-million to billion dollar/euro exoplanet focused spacecraft missions such as JWST, and its successors will be flown in the coming decades. At the same time, excitement about Venus exploration is blooming again with a number of confirmed and proposed missions in the coming decades from India, Russia, Japan, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Here we review what is known and what we may discover tomorrow in complementary studies of Venus and its exoplanetary cousins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Way
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA
- Theoretical Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Colby Ostberg
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - Bradford J. Foley
- Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Cedric Gillmann
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - Dennis Höning
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helmut Lammer
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstr. 6, 8042 Graz, Austria
| | - Joseph O’Rourke
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA
| | - Moa Persson
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier – Toulouse III, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Arnaud Salvador
- Department of Astronomy and Planetary Science, Northern Arizona University, Box 6010, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA
- Habitability, Atmospheres, and Biosignatures Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Manuel Scherf
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstr. 6, 8042 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Geodesy, Technical University, Graz, Austria
| | - Matthew Weller
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058 USA
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5
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Persson M, Aizawa S, André N, Barabash S, Saito Y, Harada Y, Heyner D, Orsini S, Fedorov A, Mazelle C, Futaana Y, Hadid LZ, Volwerk M, Collinson G, Sanchez-Cano B, Barthe A, Penou E, Yokota S, Génot V, Sauvaud JA, Delcourt D, Fraenz M, Modolo R, Milillo A, Auster HU, Richter I, Mieth JZD, Louarn P, Owen CJ, Horbury TS, Asamura K, Matsuda S, Nilsson H, Wieser M, Alberti T, Varsani A, Mangano V, Mura A, Lichtenegger H, Laky G, Jeszenszky H, Masunaga K, Signoles C, Rojo M, Murakami G. BepiColombo mission confirms stagnation region of Venus and reveals its large extent. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7743. [PMID: 36522338 PMCID: PMC9755131 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The second Venus flyby of the BepiColombo mission offer a unique opportunity to make a complete tour of one of the few gas-dynamics dominated interaction regions between the supersonic solar wind and a Solar System object. The spacecraft pass through the full Venusian magnetosheath following the plasma streamlines, and cross the subsolar stagnation region during very stable solar wind conditions as observed upstream by the neighboring Solar Orbiter mission. These rare multipoint synergistic observations and stable conditions experimentally confirm what was previously predicted for the barely-explored stagnation region close to solar minimum. Here, we show that this region has a large extend, up to an altitude of 1900 km, and the estimated low energy transfer near the subsolar point confirm that the atmosphere of Venus, despite being non-magnetized and less conductive due to lower ultraviolet flux at solar minimum, is capable of withstanding the solar wind under low dynamic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Persson
- grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier—Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - S. Aizawa
- grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier—Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - N. André
- grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier—Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - S. Barabash
- grid.425140.60000 0001 0706 1867Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - Y. Saito
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y. Harada
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Geophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - D. Heyner
- grid.6738.a0000 0001 1090 0254Institute for Geophysics and Extraterrestrial Physics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S. Orsini
- grid.4293.c0000 0004 1792 8585Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Fedorov
- grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier—Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - C. Mazelle
- grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier—Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Y. Futaana
- grid.425140.60000 0001 0706 1867Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - L. Z. Hadid
- grid.508893.fLaboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Saclay, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Paris, France
| | - M. Volwerk
- grid.4299.60000 0001 2169 3852Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - G. Collinson
- grid.133275.10000 0004 0637 6666National Aeronautic and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - B. Sanchez-Cano
- grid.9918.90000 0004 1936 8411School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - A. Barthe
- grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier—Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - E. Penou
- grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier—Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - S. Yokota
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Earth and Space Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - V. Génot
- grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier—Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - J. A. Sauvaud
- grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier—Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - D. Delcourt
- grid.508893.fLaboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Saclay, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Paris, France
| | - M. Fraenz
- grid.435826.e0000 0001 2284 9011Max-Planck-Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - R. Modolo
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Pierre Marie Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Guyancourt, France
| | - A. Milillo
- grid.4293.c0000 0004 1792 8585Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Rome, Italy
| | - H.-U. Auster
- grid.6738.a0000 0001 1090 0254Institute for Geophysics and Extraterrestrial Physics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - I. Richter
- grid.6738.a0000 0001 1090 0254Institute for Geophysics and Extraterrestrial Physics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J. Z. D. Mieth
- grid.6738.a0000 0001 1090 0254Institute for Geophysics and Extraterrestrial Physics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - P. Louarn
- grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier—Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - C. J. Owen
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, UK
| | - T. S. Horbury
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - K. Asamura
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S. Matsuda
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - H. Nilsson
- grid.425140.60000 0001 0706 1867Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - M. Wieser
- grid.425140.60000 0001 0706 1867Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - T. Alberti
- grid.4293.c0000 0004 1792 8585Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Varsani
- grid.4299.60000 0001 2169 3852Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - V. Mangano
- grid.4293.c0000 0004 1792 8585Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Mura
- grid.4293.c0000 0004 1792 8585Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Rome, Italy
| | - H. Lichtenegger
- grid.4299.60000 0001 2169 3852Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - G. Laky
- grid.4299.60000 0001 2169 3852Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - H. Jeszenszky
- grid.4299.60000 0001 2169 3852Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - K. Masunaga
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Kyoto, Japan
| | - C. Signoles
- grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier—Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - M. Rojo
- grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier—Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - G. Murakami
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Kyoto, Japan
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6
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Persson M, Kulyk MM, Kravets AF, Korenivski V. Proximity-enhanced magnetocaloric effect in ferromagnetic trilayers. J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 35:075801. [PMID: 36323000 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac9f95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The demagnetization and associated magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in strong-weak-strong ferromagnetic trilayers, upon a reorientation of the strong ferromagnets from parallel to antiparallel (AP) magnetization, is simulated using atomistic spin dynamics. The simulations yield non-trivial spin distributions in the AP state, which in turn allows entropy to be calculated directly. The influence of longer-range spin-spin interactions and of variable strength of the external switching field are investigated. Finally, we find that the MCE in the system can be significantly improved by allowing the local exchange to vary through the spacer, which in practice can be implemented by spatially tailoring the spacer's magnetic dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Persson
- Nanostructure Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M M Kulyk
- Nanostructure Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A F Kravets
- Nanostructure Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V Korenivski
- Nanostructure Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Persson M, Lampa E, Grzechnik S, Nylander M, Johansson E, Von Perner G, Dufva EM. OP0298-PARE EXPERIENCES AND IMPACT OF PATIENT AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT IN SWEDISH RHEUMATOLOGY RESEARCH: A SURVEY OF RESEARCHERS AND PATIENT RESEARCH PARTNERS. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundPatient and public involvement (PPI) in research is based on the principle that research should be conducted “with” or “by” members of the public, rather than “to”, “for”, or “about” them.(1) Successful PPI is dependent on active partnerships between researchers and people living with rheumatic diseases throughout the research process. Such partnerships have been shown to improve the quality and relevance of the research. However, as funding bodies increase their demands for PPI, so too may the risk for tokenistic “involvement”.Since 2008, the Swedish Rheumatism Association (SRA) has trained people living with rheumatic diseases to become patient research partners (PRPs) and encouraged their involvement in research projects. The network has grown substantially in terms of the number of registered PRPs, the number of research projects aiming to include PRPs, as well as the number of active partnerships between researchers and PRPs. However, the quality of partnerships and the impact of PPI on Swedish rheumatology research is unknown.ObjectivesTo examine the extent of PPI in Swedish rheumatology research, the nature of partnerships between researchers and PRPs, and the perceived impact of PRPs on the research processes.MethodsThe target population was researchers and PRPs linked to the SRA in 2021, the largest private funder of Swedish rheumatology research. In practice, this included researchers who had applied for research grants from the SRA, researchers that had sought PRPs through the SRA, PRPs trained and registered with the SRA, as well as external PRPs named in grant applications submitted to the SRA.An online questionnaire was developed to examine the target population’s understanding of the concept of PPI, their current involvement and experience of PPI, the nature of the partnerships between PRPs and researchers, and their future needs.(2,3) The survey was shared via email to the target population and remained open for one month.PRPs were involved in the development and testing of the survey and will be involved in the interpretation and implementation of results.ResultsA total of 126 researchers that had submitted research grant applications to the SRA were identified. A further 5 researchers who had previously registered interest in collaborating with PRPs were identified from our records. Review of our internal register of trained PRPs identified 36 PRPs, whilst a further 9 external PRPs were identified from grant applications. However, contact details were unavailable for 7 of the external PRPs. As such, the survey was circulated to 131 researchers and 38 PRPs.Preliminary response rates, one week into the survey period, were 31.3% for the researchers (41 responses) and 39.5% for the PRPs (15 responses).ConclusionAs funding bodies increase their demands for PPI in grant applications, evaluations of the nature of PPI are required to ensure that funders’ efforts do not mistakenly result in tokenistic efforts to include patients and the public in research. A better understanding of the nature of PPI, the impact of PPI on research, and the needs of the researchers and PRPs will allow appropriate support and training to be developed. This will allow growth not only in the number of partnerships, but also in the quality of partnerships between researchers and PRPs. This, in turn, is likely to improve the quality of rheumatology research.References[1]INVOLVE. Briefing notes for researchers - public involvement in NHS, health and social care research. In Eastleigh; 2021.[2]Wilson P, Mathie E, Keenan J, McNeilly E, Goodman C, Howe A, et al. ReseArch with Patient and Public invOlvement: a RealisT evaluation – the RAPPORT study. NIHR J Libr. 2015.[3]Warner G, Baghdasaryan Z, Osman F, Lampa E, Sarkadi A. ‘I felt like a human being’—An exploratory, multi-method study of refugee involvement in the development of mental health intervention research. Health Expect Int J Public Particip Health Care Health Policy. 2021 May;24(Suppl 1):30–9.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Nieskens T, Magnusson O, Persson M, Andersson P, Söderberg M, Sjögren A. Development of a kidney-on-a-chip model that replicates an antisense oligonucleotide-induced kidney injury biomarker response. Toxicol Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Rathsman B, Haas J, Persson M, Ludvigsson J, Svensson AM, Lind M, Andersson Franko M, Nyström T. LDL cholesterol level as a risk factor for retinopathy and nephropathy in children and adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide cohort study. J Intern Med 2021; 289:873-886. [PMID: 33283333 PMCID: PMC8247303 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular complications are common in people with diabetes, where poor glycaemic control is the major contributor. The aim of this study was to explore the association between elevated LDL cholesterol levels and the risk of retinopathy or nephropathy in young individuals with type 1 diabetes. METHODS This was a nationwide observational population-based cohort study, including all children and adults with a duration of type 1 diabetes of ≤ 10 years, identified in the Swedish National Diabetes Register between 1998 and 2017. We calculated the crude incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and used multivariable Cox regression to estimate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of retinopathy or nephropathy in four LDL cholesterol categories: <2.6 (Reference), 2.6-3.4, 3.4-4.1 and > 4.1 mmol L-1 . RESULTS In total, 11 024/12 350 (retinopathy/nephropathy, both cohorts, respectively) children and adults (median age 21 years, female 42%) were followed up to 28 years from diagnosis until end of study. Median duration of diabetes when entering the study was 6 and 7 years in the retinopathy and nephropathy cohort, respectively. Median LDL cholesterol was 2.4 mmol L-1 , and median HbA1c level was 61 mmol mol-1 (7.7 %). After multivariable adjustment, the HRs (95% CI) for retinopathy in individuals with LDL cholesterol levels of 2.6-3.4, 3.4-4.1 or > 4.1 mmol L-1 were as follows: 1.13 (1.03-1.23), 1.16 (1.02-1.32) and 1.18 (0.99-1.41), compared with the reference. The corresponding numbers for nephropathy were as follows: 1.15 (0.96-1.32), 1.30 (1.03-1.65) and 1.41 (1.06-1.89). CONCLUSIONS Young individuals with type 1 diabetes exposed to high LDL cholesterol levels have an increased risk of retinopathy and nephropathy independent of glycaemia and other identified risk factors for vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rathsman
- From the, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Haas
- From the, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Persson
- From the, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiological Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Ludvigsson
- Division of Paediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Crown Princess Victoria Children's Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - A-M Svensson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre of Registers in Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Lind
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, NU Hospital Group, Uddevalla, Sweden
| | - M Andersson Franko
- From the, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Nyström
- From the, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Johansson M, Schulte J, Ricci F, Persson M, Sutton R, Hamrefors V, Fedorowski A. Downregulation of growth hormone in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: insights from the SYSTEMA cohort. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a variant of cardiovascular autonomic disorder occurring predominantly in young women. POTS is characterized by an excessive heart rate increase when assuming upright posture accompanied by symptoms of orthostatic intolerance. The pathophysiology of POTS has not been fully established and is believed to be multifactorial.
Purpose
We aimed to investigate the alterations in circulating growth hormone level in POTS.
Methods
We conducted an age-matched case-control study enrolling 42 patients with POTS (age 31±9 years; 36 women) verified by positive head-up tilt testing and cardiovascular autonomic tests, and 46 controls (32±9 years; 35 women) with negative active standing test and no history of syncope, orthostatic intolerance and endocrine disease. We measured plasma levels of growth hormone using a high-sensitivity chemiluminescence immunoassay in relation to presence of POTS diagnosis. All study participants completed the validated Orthostatic Hypotension Questionnaire (OHQ), consisting of two components: the symptoms assessment scale (OHSA) and daily activity scale (OHDAS) to evaluate the burden of symptoms. We applied standard statistical tests for group differences. Growth hormone values were log-transformed and standardized before the group comparison.
Results
POTS patients had significantly lower plasma levels of growth hormone (ng/mL) (median=0.53, IQR, 0.10–2.83 vs. median=2.33, IQR, 0.26–7.2, p=0.04) than controls. Levels of growth hormone were reversely related to OHDAS (p=0.049) among POTS patients. Supine heart rate was significantly higher in POTS patients (69.0±11.1 beats/min vs. 63.3±10.8 beats/min, p=0.02), as well as diastolic blood pressure (72.9±9.1 mmHg vs. 69.0±8.5 mmHg, p=0.04). We observed no significant difference in supine systolic blood pressure (116.6±13.3 mmHg vs. 115.2±10.0 mmHg, p=0.60). POTS patients had a significantly higher composite OHQ score than controls (60.0±18.6 vs. 4.2±7.5, p<0.001), as well as OHSA (36.2±10.0 vs. 3.6±6.4, p<0.001) and OHDAS (23.8±9.7 vs. 0.6±1.3, p<0.001).
Conclusion(s)
Our study shows that patients with POTS have significantly reduced plasma levels of circulating growth hormone. Lower growth hormone levels among POTS patients are associated with increased impairment of daily life activities. Further studies are necessary to confirm our findings in the independent populations and explain the mechanisms behind this alteration.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Crafoord Foundation, Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Schulte
- SphingoTec GmbH, Hennigsdorf, Germany
| | - F Ricci
- G. d Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - R Sutton
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Fedorowski
- Lund University, Dept. of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden
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Järvinen L, Tenhunen M, Myllykangas M, Persson M, Traneus E, Sjöberg O, Ekström P. PO-1620: Reconstruction of intra-fractional real-time prostate movement and its effect on dose distribution. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01638-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Karlsson A, Persson M, Mjörnheim AC, Gudnadottir G, Hellgren J. Total nasal airway resistance while sitting predicts airway collapse when lying down. J Laryngol Otol 2020; 134:1-8. [PMID: 33106191 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215120002194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal obstruction when lying down is a common complaint in patients with chronic nasal obstruction, but rhinomanometry is typically performed in the sitting position. This study aimed to analyse whether adding rhinomanometry in a supine position is a useful examination. METHOD A total of 41 patients with chronic nasal obstruction underwent rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry, sitting and supine, before and after decongestion, as well as an over-night polygraphy. RESULTS Total airway resistance was measurable in a supine position in 48 per cent (14 of 29) of the patients with total airway resistance of equal to or less than 0.3 Pa/cm3/second when sitting and in none (0 of 12) of the patients with total nasal airway resistance of more than 0.3 Pa/cm3/second when sitting. After decongestion, this increased to 83 per cent and 58 per cent, respectively. CONCLUSION Increased nasal resistance when sitting predicts nasal breathing problems when supine. Rhinomanometry in a supine position should be performed to diagnose upper airway collapse when supine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karlsson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Persson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A-C Mjörnheim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - G Gudnadottir
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Hellgren
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Duchenne F, Thébault E, Michez D, Elias M, Drake M, Persson M, Rousseau-Piot JS, Pollet M, Vanormelingen P, Fontaine C. Author Correction: Phenological shifts alter the seasonal structure of pollinator assemblages in Europe. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:279. [PMID: 31932704 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Duchenne
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Université Paris-Est Créteil, INRA, IRD, Paris, France. .,Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - E Thébault
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Université Paris-Est Créteil, INRA, IRD, Paris, France
| | - D Michez
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute of Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - M Elias
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, MNHN, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | | | - M Persson
- Department of Water Resources Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - M Pollet
- Research Group Species Diversity (SPECDIV), Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - C Fontaine
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Duchenne F, Thébault E, Michez D, Elias M, Drake M, Persson M, Rousseau-Piot JS, Pollet M, Vanormelingen P, Fontaine C. Phenological shifts alter the seasonal structure of pollinator assemblages in Europe. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 4:115-121. [PMID: 31900448 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-1062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pollinators play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems by providing key ecosystem functions and services to wild plants and crops, respectively. The sustainable provision of such ecosystem functions and services requires diverse pollinator communities over the seasons. Despite evidence that climate warming shifts pollinator phenology, a general assessment of these shifts and their consequences on pollinator assemblages is still lacking. By analysing phenological shifts of over 2,000 species, we show that, on average, the mean flight date of European pollinators shifted to be 6 d earlier over the last 60 yr, while their flight period length decreased by 2 d. Our analysis further reveals that these shifts have probably altered the seasonal distribution of pollination function and services by decreasing the overlap among pollinators' phenologies within European assemblages, except in the most northeastern part of Europe. Such changes are expected to decrease the functional redundancy and complementarity of pollinator assemblages and, therefore, might alter the performance of pollination function and services and their robustness to ongoing pollinator extinctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Duchenne
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Université Paris-Est Créteil, INRA, IRD, Paris, France. .,Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - E Thébault
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Université Paris-Est Créteil, INRA, IRD, Paris, France
| | - D Michez
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute of Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - M Elias
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, MNHN, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | | | - M Persson
- Department of Water Resources Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - M Pollet
- Research Group Species Diversity (SPECDIV), Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - C Fontaine
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Kharraziha I, Medic Spahic J, Ricci F, Persson-Tholin J, Persson M, Firth K, Axelsson J, Sutton R, Fedorowski A, Hamrefors V. P4441Serum activity against specific G-protein coupled receptors is associated with the severity of orthostatic symptoms in patients with POTS. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is characterised by an excessive heart rate increase upon standing and orthostatic intolerance. Previous studies indicate autoimmune involvement mediated via G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) as a possible aetiology.
Purpose
To test if serum from POTS patients and controls activates selected GPCRs and if the activation associates with the severity of symptoms.
Methods
A total of 34 POTS patients (age 28.9 [9.9] years; 29 women) and a population-based control group of 25 healthy subjects (age 30.7 [8.6] years; 21 women) were included. The subjects performed an active standing test and completed the orthostatic hypotension questionnaire (OHQ) including ten items related to orthostatic intolerance. The OHQ composite score was calculated (range 0–10).
Sera were analysed by a FRET-based reporter system (Tango GeneBLAzer, Thermo Fischer) based on a beta-arrestin-linked transcription factor driving transgenic betalactamase transcription. HEK293M-cells over-expressing one of the GPCRs, adrenergic alpha-1 (ADRA1), adrenergic beta-2 (ADRB2), muscarinic type-2 (CHRM2) and opioid-receptor-like 1 (OPRL1) receptor were plated in 96-well optical plates and allowed to re-attach during 48 hrs. The cells were treated with 10% sera diluted in RPMI for 5 hours, followed by addition of the FRET-substrate, incubation for 60 min and quantification analysis in a CLARIOStar multi-purpose plate reader.
Quantification of the activation of the GPCRs was log-transformed and related to the OHQ composite and individual scores in age-adjusted linear regression models. OHQ scores were compared according to the median of sera activation, using independent samples t-test.
Results
Serum ADRA1 activation associated with the OHQ composite score (beta 0.77 OHQ points per SD of activity; p=0.009), whereas there were no significant associations among controls (p=0.953). The association between ADRA1 and total OHQ was significant also after adjusting for heart rate and systolic blood pressure at 3 min (p=0.024). The OHQ composite score was higher in with above median serum ADRA1 activation (Figure 1).
ADRA1 activation associated with a higher score for vision problems (p<0.001) and symptoms during prolonged standing (p=0.037) and walking for short (p=0.042) or long periods (p=0.001).
The activity of ARB2, CHRM2 and OPRL1 did not associate with OHQ composite score in neither POTS patients nor controls.
Figure 1. OHQ according to ADRA1 activation
Conclusions
Activating serum proteins for the adrenergic alpha-1 receptor are associated with the severity of orthostatic symptoms in POTS patients, partly independent of the orthostatic hemodynamic response. Serum activity against alpha1 receptors is related particularly to symptoms of disturbed vision and symptoms during walking or prolonged standing. Serum activity against the adrenergic alpha 1 receptor may be a one factor underlying the orthostatic symptoms in POTS.
Acknowledgement/Funding
The Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, The Swedish Heart and Lung Association, Solidex, ALF funds, Crafoord Foundation, Ernhold Lundströms Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kharraziha
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmo, Sweden
| | - J Medic Spahic
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmo, Sweden
| | - F Ricci
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmo, Sweden
| | - J Persson-Tholin
- Skane University Hospital, The Clinical Research Unit, Malmo, Sweden
| | - M Persson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmo, Sweden
| | - K Firth
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmo, Sweden
| | - J Axelsson
- Karolinska University Hospital, Dept. of Stem Cell Therapy and Apheresis, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Sutton
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Fedorowski
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmo, Sweden
| | - V Hamrefors
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmo, Sweden
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Gardner T, Benzie M, Börner J, Dawkins E, Fick S, Garrett R, Godar J, Grimard A, Lake S, Larsen R, Mardas N, McDermott C, Meyfroidt P, Osbeck M, Persson M, Sembres T, Suavet C, Strassburg B, Trevisan A, West C, Wolvekamp P. Transparency and sustainability in global commodity supply chains. World Dev 2019; 121:163-177. [PMID: 31481824 PMCID: PMC6686968 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades rapid advances in processes to collect, monitor, disclose, and disseminate information have contributed towards the development of entirely new modes of sustainability governance for global commodity supply chains. However, there has been very little critical appraisal of the contribution made by different transparency initiatives to sustainability and the ways in which they can (and cannot) influence new governance arrangements. Here we seek to strengthen the theoretical underpinning of research and action on supply chain transparency by addressing four questions: (1) What is meant by supply chain transparency? (2) What is the relevance of supply chain transparency to supply chain sustainability governance? (3) What is the current status of supply chain transparency, and what are the strengths and weaknesses of existing initiatives? and (4) What propositions can be advanced for how transparency can have a positive transformative effect on the governance interventions that seek to strengthen sustainability outcomes? We use examples from agricultural supply chains and the zero-deforestation agenda as a focus of our analysis but draw insights that are relevant to the transparency and sustainability of supply chains in general. We propose a typology to distinguish among types of supply chain information that are needed to support improvements in sustainability governance, and illustrate a number of major shortfalls and systematic biases in existing information systems. We also propose a set of ten propositions that, taken together, serve to expose some of the potential pitfalls and undesirable outcomes that may result from (inevitably) limited or poorly designed transparency systems, whilst offering guidance on some of the ways in which greater transparency can make a more effective, lasting and positive contribution to sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.A. Gardner
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden
- Corresponding author at: Stockholm Environment Institute, Linnégatan 87D, Box 24218, Stockholm 104 51, Sweden.
| | - M. Benzie
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden
| | - J. Börner
- Institute for Food and Resource Economics, Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Germany
| | | | - S. Fick
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden
| | | | - J. Godar
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden
| | | | - S. Lake
- Global Canopy, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - P. Meyfroidt
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
- F.R.S.–FNRS, Belgium
| | - M. Osbeck
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden
| | | | | | - C. Suavet
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden
| | | | | | - C. West
- University of York, United Kingdom
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Hildén K, Hanson U, Persson M, Magnuson A, Simmons D, Fadl H. Gestational diabetes and adiposity are independent risk factors for perinatal outcomes: a population based cohort study in Sweden. Diabet Med 2019; 36:151-157. [PMID: 30698864 PMCID: PMC6590111 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the interaction effects of gestational diabetes (GDM) with obesity on perinatal outcomes. METHODS A population-based cohort study in Sweden excluding women without pre-gestational diabetes with a singleton birth between 1998 and 2012. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the potential independent associations of GDM and BMI with adverse perinatal outcomes as well as their interactions. Main outcome measures were malformations, stillbirths, perinatal mortality, low Apgar score, fetal distress, prematurity and Erb's palsy. RESULTS Some 1,294,006 women were included, with a GDM prevalence of 1% (n = 14,833). The rate of overweight/obesity was 67.7% in the GDM-group and 36.1% in the non-GDM-group. No significant interaction existed. Offspring of women with GDM had significantly increased risk of malformations, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.16 (95% confidence intervals 1.06-1.26), prematurity, aOR 1.86 (1.76-1. 98), low Apgar score, aOR 1.36 (1.10-1.70), fetal distress, aOR 1.09 (1.02-1.16) and Erb's palsy aOR 2.26 (1.79-2.86). No risk for stillbirth or perinatal mortality was seen. Offspring of overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2 ), obese (BMI 30-34.9 kg/m2 ) and severely obese women (BMI ≥ 35.0 kg/m2 ) had significantly increased risks of all outcomes including stillbirth 1.51 (1.40-1.62) to 2.85 (2.52-3.22) and perinatal mortality 1.49 (1.40-1.59) to 2.83 (2.54-3.15). CONCLUSIONS There is no interaction effect between GDM and BMI for the studied outcomes. Higher BMI and GDM are major independent risk factors for most serious adverse perinatal outcomes. More effective pre-pregnancy and antenatal interventions are required to prevent serious adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with either GDM or high BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Hildén
- Department of Obstetrics & GynaecologySchool of Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - U. Hanson
- School of Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - M. Persson
- Department of MedicineClinical Epidemiology UnitKarolinska UniversitetssjukhusetSolnaSweden
| | - A. Magnuson
- Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - D. Simmons
- School of Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
- School of MedicineWestern Sydney UniversityCampbelltownNSWAustralia
| | - H. Fadl
- Department of Obstetrics & GynaecologySchool of Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
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18
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Åmark H, Westgren M, Persson M. Prediction of stillbirth in women with overweight or obesity-A register-based cohort study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206940. [PMID: 30452441 PMCID: PMC6242307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a model for prediction of stillbirth after the 28th gestational week in singleton pregnancies of women with overweight or obesity. METHOD This is a register-based cohort study. The first trimester screening database including data from 2006 until 2015 was cross-linked with the Swedish Medical Birth Register and the Swedish Register of Total Population. The final study cohort comprised 145,319 pregnancies, out of which 45,859 pregnancies were complicated by overweight or obesity and without pre-gestational diabetes. There were in total 282 stillbirths. Prediction models for stillbirth in pregnancies with overweight or obesity were constructed based on maternal characteristics, pregnancy complications and biochemical markers. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and area under curve (AUC) were calculated, based on logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of stillbirth was 1.6/1000 births and 2.6/1000 births in normal weight and overweight/obese women, respectively. The final predictive model had an AUC of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.64-0.74) with a sensitivity of 28% at a 90% fixed specificity. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to predict 28% of stillbirths in overweight or obese women, at a false positive rate of 10%. In particular, growth-restricted fetuses are at increased risk of stillbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Åmark
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institute, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Westgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention & Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Persson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institute, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Persson M, Becker C, Elding Larsson H, Lernmark Å, Forsander G, Ivarsson SA, Ludvigsson J, Samuelsson U, Marcus C, Carlsson A. The Better Diabetes Diagnosis (BDD) study - A review of a nationwide prospective cohort study in Sweden. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 140:236-244. [PMID: 29626585 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Sweden is one of the highest in the world. However, the possibility of other types of diabetes must also be considered. In addition, individuals with T1D constitute a heterogeneous group. A precise classification of diabetes is a prerequisite for optimal outcome. For precise classification, knowledge on the distribution of genetic factors, biochemical markers and clinical features in individuals with new onset of diabetes is needed. The Better Diabetes Diagnosis (BDD), is a nationwide study in Sweden with the primary aim to facilitate a more precise classification and diagnosis of diabetes in order to enable the most adequate treatment for each patient. Secondary aims include identification of risk factors for diabetes-related co-morbidities. Since 2005, data on almost all children and adolescents with newly diagnosed diabetes in Sweden are prospectively collected and including heredity of diabetes, clinical symptoms, levels of C peptide, genetic analyses and detection of autoantibodies. Since 2011, analyses of HLA profile, autoantibodies and C peptide levels are part of clinical routine in Sweden for all pediatric patients with suspected diagnosis of diabetes. In this review, we present the methods and main results of the BDD study so far and discuss future aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Persson
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - C Becker
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - H Elding Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Å Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - G Forsander
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and the Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S A Ivarsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Ludvigsson
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - U Samuelsson
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - C Marcus
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Pediatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Carlsson
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund, Sweden
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20
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Liu S, Baugh D, Motobayashi K, Zhao X, Levchenko SV, Gawinkowski S, Waluk J, Grill L, Persson M, Kumagai T. Anharmonicity in a double hydrogen transfer reaction studied in a single porphycene molecule on a Cu(110) surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12112-12119. [PMID: 29676424 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00178b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Anharmonicity plays a crucial role in hydrogen transfer reactions in hydrogen-bonding systems, which leads to a peculiar spectral line shape of the hydrogen stretching mode as well as highly complex intra/intermolecular vibrational energy relaxation. Single-molecule study with a well-defined model is necessary to elucidate a fundamental mechanism. Recent low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) experiments revealed that the cis↔cis tautomerization in a single porphycene molecule on Cu(110) at 5 K can be induced by vibrational excitation via an inelastic electron tunnelling process and the N-H(D) stretching mode couples with the tautomerization coordinate [Kumagai et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 111, 246101]. Here we discuss a pronounced anharmonicity of the N-H stretching mode observed in the STM action spectra and the conductance spectra. Density functional theory calculations find a strong intermode coupling of the N-H stretching with an in-plane bending mode within porphycene on Cu(110).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Olofsson B, Persson M, Bellelli G, Morandi A, Gustafson Y, Stenvall M. Development of dementia in patients with femoral neck fracture who experience postoperative delirium-A three-year follow-up study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:623-632. [PMID: 29292537 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It remains unclear to what extent postoperative delirium (POD) affects the incidence of dementia in hip fracture patients, and the methods used to detect delirium and dementia require validation. The aim of this study was to investigate the development of dementia within 3 years of femoral neck fracture repair surgery, with a focus on POD as a potential predictive factor. METHODS Patients were assessed for cognition, delirium, depression, psychological well-being, and nutritional status during their hospitalization as well as 4, 12, and 36 months after the operation. Logistic regression models were used to analyse factors associated with POD and factors associated with the development of dementia. RESULTS The study sample consisted of 135 patients without a history of dementia, of whom 20 (14.8%) were delirious preoperatively and 75 (55.5%) postoperatively. Three years after their operations, 43/135 patients (31.8%) were diagnosed with dementia. A greater portion of patients diagnosed with dementia (39/43, 90.6%) than patients with no dementia (36/92, 39.1%) were included among the 75 patients who had experienced POD (P < 0.001). In a logistic regression model, after adjustment for covariates (age, sex, diabetes, delirium pre-and postoperatively, hyperactive delirium, days with delirium, urinary tract infection, and Mini Nutritional Assessment score), POD emerged an independent predictor for the development of new dementia (odds ratio, 15.6; 95% confidence interval, 2.6-91.6) within 3 years after the operation. CONCLUSION Geriatric hip fracture patients who exhibit POD should be monitored closely for the development of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Olofsson
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Orthopaedics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Persson
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - G Bellelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - A Morandi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Ancelle Hospital Cremona, Italy
| | - Y Gustafson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Stenvall
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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22
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Waylen A, Ness AR, Wills AK, Persson M, Rumsey N, Sandy JR. Cleft Care UK study. Part 5: child psychosocial outcomes and satisfaction with cleft services. Orthod Craniofac Res 2018; 18 Suppl 2:47-55. [PMID: 26567855 PMCID: PMC4670713 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To describe the impact of cleft service centralization on parental perceptions of child outcomes and satisfaction with care from the Cleft Care UK (CCUK) study and compare them to the Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG) study that took place 15 years earlier. Setting and Sample Population A subgroup of respondents from a UK multicentre cross-sectional study (CCUK) of 5-year-olds born with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate. Materials and Methods Data on parents’ perceptions of child self-confidence and their satisfaction with treatment outcomes and service provision were collected via self-report questionnaires. Data were compared with findings from the 1998 CSAG study. Results Fewer parents in the CCUK study perceived their children as having poor self-confidence than in the 1998 CSAG study (8 and 19%, respectively). At least 81% of parents report satisfaction with the child’s facial features after surgery and 98% report being satisfied with the care received. These results are similar to those reported in 1998. There is no evidence of an adverse impact on families’ ability to attend appointments at the cleft clinic following centralization. Levels of reported problems (around 30%) with attendance were similar to those reported by CSAG. Conclusion Centralization of cleft services appears to have improved parental perceptions of some child outcomes but has made little difference to already high levels of parental satisfaction with cleft care services. Centralization is not associated with an increase in the proportion of families who find it difficult to attend appointments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Waylen
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A R Ness
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A K Wills
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M Persson
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - N Rumsey
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - J R Sandy
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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23
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Ness AR, Wills AK, Waylen A, Al-Ghatam R, Jones TEM, Preston R, Ireland AJ, Persson M, Smallridge J, Hall AJ, Sell D, Sandy JR. Centralization of cleft care in the UK. Part 6: a tale of two studies. Orthod Craniofac Res 2018; 18 Suppl 2:56-62. [PMID: 26567856 PMCID: PMC4670710 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives We summarize and critique the methodology and outcomes from a substantial study which has investigated the impact of reconfigured cleft care in the United Kingdom (UK) 15 years after the UK government started to implement the centralization of cleft care in response to an earlier survey in 1998, the Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG). Setting and Sample Population A UK multicentre cross-sectional study of 5-year-olds born with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate. Data were collected from children born in the UK with a unilateral cleft lip and palate between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2007. Materials and Methods We discuss and contextualize the outcomes from speech recordings, hearing, photographs, models, oral health and psychosocial factors in the current study. We refer to the earlier survey and other relevant studies. Results We present arguments for centralization of cleft care in healthcare systems, and we evidence this with improvements seen over a period of 15 years in the UK. We also make recommendations on how future audit and research may configure. Conclusions Outcomes for children with a unilateral cleft lip and palate have improved after the introduction of a centralized multidisciplinary service, and other countries may benefit from this model. Predictors of early outcomes are still needed, and repeated cross-sectional studies, larger longitudinal studies and adequately powered trials are required to create a research-led evidence-based (centralized) service.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Ness
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A K Wills
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A Waylen
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Al-Ghatam
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - T E M Jones
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, UK
| | - R Preston
- Cleft Lip and Palate Association, London, UK
| | - A J Ireland
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M Persson
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - J Smallridge
- South Thames' Cleft Unit, Guy's and St Thomas Hospital, London, UK.,Cleft Net East Cleft Network, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - A J Hall
- Children's Hearing Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.,Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - D Sell
- Speech and Language Therapy Department and Centre for Outcomes and Experience Research in Children's Health, Illness and Disability (ORCHID), Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J R Sandy
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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24
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Persson M, Sandy JR, Waylen A, Wills AK, Al-Ghatam R, Ireland AJ, Hall AJ, Hollingworth W, Jones T, Peters TJ, Preston R, Sell D, Smallridge J, Worthington H, Ness AR. A cross-sectional survey of 5-year-old children with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate: the Cleft Care UK study. Part 1: background and methodology. Orthod Craniofac Res 2018; 18 Suppl 2:1-13. [PMID: 26567851 PMCID: PMC4670715 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives We describe the methodology for a major study investigating the impact of reconfigured cleft care in the United Kingdom (UK) 15 years after an initial survey, detailed in the Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG) report in 1998, had informed government recommendations on centralization. Setting and Sample Population This is a UK multicentre cross-sectional study of 5-year-olds born with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate. Children born between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2007 were seen in cleft centre audit clinics. Materials and Methods Consent was obtained for the collection of routine clinical measures (speech recordings, hearing, photographs, models, oral health, psychosocial factors) and anthropometric measures (height, weight, head circumference). The methodology for each clinical measure followed those of the earlier survey as closely as possible. Results We identified 359 eligible children and recruited 268 (74.7%) to the study. Eleven separate records for each child were collected at the audit clinics. In total, 2666 (90.4%) were collected from a potential 2948 records. The response rates for the self-reported questionnaires, completed at home, were 52.6% for the Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire and 52.2% for the Satisfaction with Service Questionnaire. Conclusions Response rates and measures were similar to those achieved in the previous survey. There are practical, administrative and methodological challenges in repeating cross-sectional surveys 15 years apart and producing comparable data.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Persson
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - J R Sandy
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A Waylen
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A K Wills
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Al-Ghatam
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Dental & Maxillofacial Centre, Royal Medical Services, West Riffa, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - A J Ireland
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A J Hall
- Children's Hearing Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.,Centre for Child & Adolescent Health, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - W Hollingworth
- School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - T Jones
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, UK
| | - T J Peters
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Preston
- Cleft Lip and Palate Association, London, UK
| | - D Sell
- Speech and Language Therapy Department and Centre for Outcomes and Experience Research in Children's Health, Illness and Disability (ORCHID), Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Smallridge
- South Thames' Cleft Unit, Guy's and St Thomas Hospital, London, UK.,Cleft Net East Cleft Network, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Worthington
- School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A R Ness
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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25
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Smallridge J, Hall AJ, Chorbachi R, Parfect V, Persson M, Ireland AJ, Wills AK, Ness AR, Sandy JR. Functional outcomes in the Cleft Care UK study--Part 3: oral health and audiology. Orthod Craniofac Res 2018; 18 Suppl 2:25-35. [PMID: 26567853 PMCID: PMC4950029 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To compare oral health and hearing outcomes from the Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG, 1998) and the Cleft Care UK (CCUK, 2013) studies. Setting and sample population Two UK‐based cross‐sectional studies of 5‐year‐olds born with non‐syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate undertaken 15 years apart. CSAG children were treated in a dispersed model of care with low‐volume operators. CCUK children were treated in a centralized, high volume operator system. Materials and methods Oral health data were collected using a standardized proforma. Hearing was assessed using pure tone audiometry and middle ear status by otoscopy and tympanometry. ENT and hearing history were collected from medical notes and parental report. Results Oral health was assessed in 264 of 268 children (98.5%). The mean dmft was 2.3, 48% were caries free, and 44.7% had untreated caries. There was no evidence this had changed since the CSAG survey. Oral hygiene was generally good, 96% were enrolled with a dentist. Audiology was assessed in 227 of 268 children (84.7%). Forty‐three per cent of children received at least one set of grommets – a 17.6% reduction compared to CSAG. Abnormal middle ear status was apparent in 50.7% of children. There was no change in hearing levels, but more children with hearing loss were managed with hearing aids. Conclusions Outcomes for dental caries and hearing were no better in CCUK than in CSAG, although there was reduced use of grommets and increased use of hearing aids. The service specifications and recommendations should be scrutinized and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Smallridge
- South Thames' Cleft Unit, Guy's and St Thomas Hospital, London, UK.,Cleft Net East Cleft Network, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - A J Hall
- Children's Hearing Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.,School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Chorbachi
- North Thames Cleft Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and Broomfield Hospital, London, UK
| | - V Parfect
- East of England Cleft Network, Audiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Persson
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - A J Ireland
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A K Wills
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A R Ness
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J R Sandy
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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26
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Persson M, Possmark S, Sellberg F, Berglind D. Experiences of women who dropped-out of support intervention after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx186.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F Sellberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Berglind
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Lindberg L, Danielsson P, Persson M, Hagman E, Marcus C. Childhood obesity increases risk of premature death in young adulthood – A prospective cohort study. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx189.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Lindberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Danielsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Persson
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Hagman
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Marcus
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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de Winter J, Molenaar J, Lassche S, Malfatti E, Romero N, Persson M, Rassier D, van Engelen B, Voermans N, Ottenheijm C. Slow relaxation kinetics of sarcomeres contribute to muscle slowness in NEM6 patients. Neuromuscul Disord 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Wadelius M, Eriksson N, Johansson C, Persson M, Karawajczyk M, Nordang L, Islander G, Hugosson S, Axelsson T, Yue QY, Magnusson P, Hallberg P. Genome-Wide Association Study of Angioedema Induced by Ace Inhibitors or Arbs in Sweden. Clin Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.05.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Fagerberg B, Borne Y, Sallsten G, Smith J, Acosta S, Persson M. Circulating cadmium concentration and risk of aortic aneurysms: A nested case-control study within the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. J Vasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Ballantyne C, Cushman M, Psaty B, Furberg C, Khaw KT, Sandhu M, Oldgren J, Rossi GP, Maiolino G, Cesari M, Lenzini L, James SK, Rimm E, Collins R, Anderson J, Koenig W, Brenner H, Rothenbacher D, Berglund G, Persson M, Berger P, Brilakis E, McConnell JP, Koenig W, Sacco R, Elkind M, Talmud P, Rimm E, Cannon CP, Packard C, Barrett-Connor E, Hofman A, Kardys I, Witteman JCM, Criqui M, Corsetti JP, Rainwater DL, Moss AJ, Robins S, Bloomfield H, Collins D, Packard C, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Ridker P, Ballantyne C, Cannon CP, Cushman M, Danesh J, Gu D, Hofman A, Nelson JJ, Thompson S, Zalewski A, Zariffa N, Di Angelantonio E, Kaptoge S, Thompson A, Thompson S, Walker M, Watson S, Wood A. Collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from observational studies of Lp-PLA2 and cardiovascular diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 14:3-11. [PMID: 17301621 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjr.0000239464.18509.f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of observational epidemiological studies have reported generally positive associations between circulating mass and activity levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Few studies have been large enough to provide reliable estimates in different circumstances, such as in different subgroups (e.g., by age group, sex, or smoking status) or at different Lp-PLA2 levels. Moreover, most published studies have related disease risk only to baseline values of Lp-PLA2 markers (which can lead to substantial underestimation of any risk relationships because of within-person variability over time) and have used different approaches to adjustment for possible confounding factors. OBJECTIVES By combination of data from individual participants from all relevant observational studies in a systematic 'meta-analysis', with correction for regression dilution (using available data on serial measurements of Lp-PLA2), the Lp-PLA2 Studies Collaboration will aim to characterize more precisely than has previously been possible the strength and shape of the age and sex-specific associations of plasma Lp-PLA2 with coronary heart disease (and, where data are sufficient, with other vascular diseases, such as ischaemic stroke). It will also help to determine to what extent such associations are independent of possible confounding factors and to explore potential sources of heterogeneity among studies, such as those related to assay methods and study design. It is anticipated that the present collaboration will serve as a framework to investigate related questions on Lp-PLA2 and cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS A central database is being established containing data on circulating Lp-PLA2 values, sex and other potential confounding factors, age at baseline Lp-PLA2 measurement, age at event or at last follow-up, major vascular morbidity and cause-specific mortality. Information about any repeat measurements of Lp-PLA2 and potential confounding factors has been sought to allow adjustment for possible confounding and correction for regression dilution. The analyses will involve age-specific regression models. Synthesis of the available observational studies of Lp-PLA2 will yield information on a total of about 15 000 cardiovascular disease endpoints.
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Abstract
AIM To analyse the impact of overweight and obesity on the risk of adverse maternal outcomes and fetal macrosomia in pregnancies of women treated for severe gestational diabetes. METHODS This was a population-based cohort study including all singleton pregnancies in Sweden without pre-existing diabetes in the period 1998-2012. Only mothers with an early- pregnancy BMI of ≥ 18.5 kg/m² were included. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine odds ratios with 95% CIs for maternal outcomes and fetal growth. Analyses were stratified by maternal gestational diabetes/non-gestational diabetes to investigate the impact of overweight/obesity in each group. RESULTS Of 1 249 908 singleton births, 13 057 were diagnosed with gestational diabetes (1.0%). Overweight/obesity had the same impact on the risks of caesarean section and fetal macrosomia in pregnancies with and without gestational diabetes, but the impact of maternal BMI on the risk of preeclampsia was less pronounced in women with gestational diabetes. Normal-weight women with gestational diabetes had an increased risk of caesarean section [odds ratio 1.26 (95% CI 1.16-1.37)], preeclampsia [odds ratio 2.03 (95% CI 1.71-2.41)] and large-for-gestational-age infants [odds ratio 2.25 (95% CI 2.06-2.46)]. Risks were similar in the overweight group without gestational diabetes, caesarean section [odds ratio 1.34 (1.33-1.36)], preeclampsia odds ratio [1.76 (95% CI 1.72-1.81)], large-for-gestational-age [odds ratio 1.76 (95% CI 1.74-1.79)]. CONCLUSIONS Maternal overweight and obesity is associated with similar increments in risks of adverse maternal outcomes and delivery of large-for-gestational-age infants in women with and without gestational diabetes. Obese women with gestational diabetes are defined as a high-risk group. Normal-weight women with gestational diabetes have similar risks of adverse outcomes to overweight women without gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hildén
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - U Hanson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Persson
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Fadl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Abstract
In this paper we consider an economic agent (the consumer) having initial wealth x(0), which he is allowed to spend during the time interval [0, T]. There are N consumer goods, the prices of which are described by a system of stochastic differential equations, and the consumer can spend his money as he pleases provided that he does not get into debt. The consumer's problem is to maximize his expected utility over [0, T]. Given a separable utility function we show that the optimal consumption policy is linear in the wealth variable regardless of the structure of the price system, and if we assume that the price processes are geometric Brownian motions we can give the optimal consumption policy explicitly.
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Kjaer A, Persson M, Skovgaard D, Brandt-Larsen M, Christensen C, Madsen J, Nielsen CH, Loft A, Berthelsen AK, Kroman N, Højgaard L. Abstract P5-01-04: uPAR PET imaging in breast cancer: First-in-humans studies using 64Cu-DOTA-AE105 and 68Ga-NOTA-AE105. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p5-01-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is a well-established prognostic biomarker in many cancer types including breast cancer (BC). Numerous studies using immunohistochemically evaluation of uPAR expression in tissue samples from BC patients have shown that not only is uPAR consistently overexpressed, but also carries strong prognostic value and is associates with overall survival. Accordingly, uPAR is an obvious target for identifying BC and for phenotyping aggressiveness in BC. Using whole body Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging rather than tissue specimens circumvents possible sampling error and allows for staging. Our objective was therefore to perform first-in-humans studies of uPAR-specific PET imaging in BC using either 64Cu-DOTA-AE105 or 68Ga-NOTA-AE105
Methods
Six patients with BC and scheduled for surgery were included. Prior to operation, patients were either PET/CT scanned 1, 3 and 24 h after injection of the uPAR PET ligand 64Cu-DOTA-AE105 (n=3; half life of 64Cu: 13 h) or PET/CT scanned 10 min, 1 h or 2 h after injection of 68Ga-NOTA-AE105 (n=3; half life of 68Ga: 1 h). PET Images were visually analyzed for visible tumor uptake of 64Cu-DOTA-AE105 or 68Ga-NOTA-AE105 and Standardized Uptake Values (SUV) were obtained by manually drawing volumes of interest (VOIs) around the primary tumor as well as identified metastases. Results are given as SUVmax. Tumor-to-background ratios relative to liver, kidney, blood and muscle were also calculated. Surgical tumor specimens were obtained from all patients during subsequent surgery. In addition to routine pathological examination, tissue was analyzed for ex vivo uPAR expression as target validation.
Results
Both primary tumors and metastases were visually detectable. For 64Cu-DOTA-AE105 SUVmax values were 2.9–4.0., and 2.9-4.0 after 1 and 3 h, respectively. Tumor-to-background ratios after 1 h were 0.91 (tumor-liver), 1.65 (tumor-kidney), 0.96 (tumor-blood) and 8.9 (tumor-muscle), respectively. Tumor-to-background ratios after 3 h were 0.50 (tumor-liver), 0.96 (tumor-kidney), 4.2 (tumor-blood) and 11.4 (tumor-muscle), respectively. Ex vivo analysis by immunohistochemistry confirmed uPAR expression in all primary cancer lesions. For 68Ga-NOTA-AE105, SUVmax was 5.0, 3.8 and 4.2 after 10 min, 1 h and 3 h, respectively (first patient analyzed). Tumor-to-background ratios after 10 min were 2.8 (tumor-liver), 0.4 (tumor-kidney), 1.6 (tumor-blood) and 8.4 (tumor-muscle), respectively. Tumor-to-background ratios after 1 h were 3.2 (tumor-liver), 0.6 (tumor-kidney), 1.7 (tumor-blood) and 7.1 (tumor-muscle), respectively.
Conclusion
This is the first study in humans using PET imaging of uPAR in BC. Both primary tumors and metastases were clearly visible with robust PET tracer uptake and a high and sufficient contrast between tumors and background. Our data supports continuation into phase II clinical studies using uPAR PET for staging and risk stratification, which potentially may be used for selection of treatment strategy in BC.
Citation Format: Kjaer A, Persson M, Skovgaard D, Brandt-Larsen M, Christensen C, Madsen J, Nielsen CH, Loft A, Berthelsen AK, Kroman N, Højgaard L. uPAR PET imaging in breast cancer: First-in-humans studies using 64Cu-DOTA-AE105 and 68Ga-NOTA-AE105. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-01-04.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kjaer
- Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen
| | - M Persson
- Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen
| | | | | | | | - J Madsen
- Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen
| | - CH Nielsen
- Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen
| | - A Loft
- Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen
| | | | - N Kroman
- Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen
| | - L Højgaard
- Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen
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Gårdebjer S, Andersson M, Engström J, Restorp P, Persson M, Larsson A. Using Hansen solubility parameters to predict the dispersion of nano-particles in polymeric films. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01935d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new surface modification followed by calculation of Hansen solubility parameters to predict dispersability of cellulose nanocrystals in LDPE is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Gårdebjer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 412 96 Göteborg
- Sweden
- SuMo Biomaterials
| | | | - J. Engström
- AkzoNobel Pulp and Performance Chemicals AB
- 445 80 Bohus
- Sweden
| | - P. Restorp
- AkzoNobel Pulp and Performance Chemicals AB
- 445 80 Bohus
- Sweden
| | - M. Persson
- SuMo Biomaterials
- VINN Excellence Centre
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 412 96 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - A. Larsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 412 96 Göteborg
- Sweden
- SuMo Biomaterials
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Bergström G, Berglund G, Blomberg A, Brandberg J, Engström G, Engvall J, Eriksson M, de Faire U, Flinck A, Hansson MG, Hedblad B, Hjelmgren O, Janson C, Jernberg T, Johnsson Å, Johansson L, Lind L, Löfdahl CG, Melander O, Östgren CJ, Persson A, Persson M, Sandström A, Schmidt C, Söderberg S, Sundström J, Toren K, Waldenström A, Wedel H, Vikgren J, Fagerberg B, Rosengren A. The Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study: objectives and design. J Intern Med 2015; 278:645-59. [PMID: 26096600 PMCID: PMC4744991 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary diseases are major causes of death worldwide, but currently recommended strategies for diagnosis and prevention may be outdated because of recent changes in risk factor patterns. The Swedish CArdioPulmonarybioImage Study (SCAPIS) combines the use of new imaging technologies, advances in large-scale 'omics' and epidemiological analyses to extensively characterize a Swedish cohort of 30 000 men and women aged between 50 and 64 years. The information obtained will be used to improve risk prediction of cardiopulmonary diseases and optimize the ability to study disease mechanisms. A comprehensive pilot study in 1111 individuals, which was completed in 2012, demonstrated the feasibility and financial and ethical consequences of SCAPIS. Recruitment to the national, multicentre study has recently started.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - G Berglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Blomberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Brandberg
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - G Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Engvall
- Department of Clinical Physiology, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - M Eriksson
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - U de Faire
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Flinck
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M G Hansson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B Hedblad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - O Hjelmgren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Jernberg
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Å Johnsson
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L Johansson
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Unit of Radiology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Lind
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C-G Löfdahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - O Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - C J Östgren
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - A Persson
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Radiology in Linkoping, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - M Persson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Sandström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Heart Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - C Schmidt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Heart Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Sundström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Uppsala Clinical Research Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Toren
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Waldenström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine Thoracic Center, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - H Wedel
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Vikgren
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B Fagerberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Rosengren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ilyas A, Persson KM, Persson M. Residual organic matter and microbial respiration in bottom ash: Effects on metal leaching and eco-toxicity. Waste Manag Res 2015; 33:805-811. [PMID: 25999368 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x15585343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A common assumption regarding the residual organic matter, in bottom ash, is that it does not represent a significant pool of organic carbon and, beyond metal-ion complexation process, it is of little consequence to evolution of ash/leachate chemistry. This article evaluates the effect of residual organic matter and associated microbial respiratory processes on leaching of toxic metals (i.e. arsenic, copper, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, lead, antimony and zinc), eco-toxicity of ash leachates. Microbial respiration was quantified with help of a respirometric test equipment OXITOP control system. The effect of microbial respiration on metal/residual organic matter leaching and eco-toxicity was quantified with the help of batch leaching tests and an eco-toxicity assay - Daphnia magna. In general, the microbial respiration process decreased the leachate pH and eco-toxicity, indicating modification of bioavailability of metal species. Furthermore, the leaching of critical metals, such as copper and chromium, decreased after the respiration in both ash types (fresh and weathered). It was concluded that microbial respiration, if harnessed properly, could enhance the stability of fresh bottom ash and may promote its reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ilyas
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - K M Persson
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Persson
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Shore AC, Colhoun HM, Natali A, Palombo C, Östling G, Aizawa K, Kennbäck C, Casanova F, Persson M, Gooding K, Gates PE, Khan F, Looker HC, Adams F, Belch J, Pinnoli S, Venturi E, Morizzo C, Goncalves I, Ladenvall C, Nilsson J. Measures of atherosclerotic burden are associated with clinically manifest cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a European cross-sectional study. J Intern Med 2015; 278:291-302. [PMID: 25752315 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to develop and validate surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in subjects with diabetes. The macrovascular changes associated with diabetes include aggravated atherosclerosis, increased arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine which of these factors is most strongly associated with clinically manifest cardiovascular events. METHODS Vascular changes were measured in a cohort of 458 subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and CVD (myocardial infarction, stroke or lower extremity arterial disease), 527 subjects with T2D but without clinically manifest CVD and 515 subjects without T2D and with or without CVD. RESULTS Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and ankle-brachial pressure index were independently associated with the presence of CVD in subjects with T2D, whereas pulse wave velocity and endothelial function provided limited independent additive information. Measurement of IMT in the carotid bulb provided better discrimination of the presence of CVD in subjects with T2D than measurement of IMT in the common carotid artery. The factors most significantly associated with increased carotid IMT in T2D were age, disease duration, systolic blood pressure, impaired renal function and increased arterial stiffness, whereas there were no or weak independent associations with metabolic factors and endothelial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Measures of atherosclerotic burden are associated with clinically manifest CVD in subjects with T2D. In addition, vascular changes that are not directly related to known metabolic risk factors are important in the development of both atherosclerosis and CVD in T2D. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved is crucial for enabling better identification of CVD risk in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Shore
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, University of Exeter Medical School and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, UK
| | - H M Colhoun
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - A Natali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Palombo
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Östling
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - K Aizawa
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, University of Exeter Medical School and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, UK
| | - C Kennbäck
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - F Casanova
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, University of Exeter Medical School and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, UK
| | - M Persson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - K Gooding
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, University of Exeter Medical School and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, UK
| | - P E Gates
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, University of Exeter Medical School and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, UK
| | - F Khan
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - H C Looker
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - F Adams
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - J Belch
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - S Pinnoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Venturi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Morizzo
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - I Goncalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - C Ladenvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Steurer W, Schuler B, Pavliček N, Gross L, Scivetti I, Persson M, Meyer G. Toggling the Local Electric Field with an Embedded Adatom Switch. Nano Lett 2015; 15:5564-5568. [PMID: 26177363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
By means of scanning probe microscopy we demonstrate that Au(+) on NaCl films adsorbs in an embedded, slightly off-centered Cl-Cl bridge position and can be switched between two equivalent mirror-symmetric configurations using the attractive force exerted by a scanning probe tip. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the displacement of the Au atom from the centered position of the bridge configuration is accompanied by a large lifting of the closest Cl atom leading to significant changes in the local electrostatic field. Our findings suggest that Au(+) can be used to toggle the local electrostatic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Steurer
- †IBM Research-Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - B Schuler
- †IBM Research-Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - N Pavliček
- †IBM Research-Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - L Gross
- †IBM Research-Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - I Scivetti
- ‡Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - M Persson
- ‡Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - G Meyer
- †IBM Research-Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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Rosvall M, Persson M, Östling G, Nilsson P, Melander O, Hedblad B, Engström G. Risk factors for the progression of carotid intima-media thickness over a 16-year follow-up period: The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Atherosclerosis 2015; 239:615-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Persson M, Skovgaard D, Madsen J, Nielsen C, Loft A, Brandt-Larsen M, Christensen C, Hoejgaard L, Brasso K, Kjaer A. 932 UPAR PET/CT imaging in prostate cancer: A first-in-humans study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9056(15)60920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Öström H, Öberg H, Xin H, LaRue J, Beye M, Dell’Angela M, Gladh J, Ng ML, Sellberg JA, Kaya S, Mercurio G, Nordlund D, Hantschmann M, Hieke F, Kühn D, Schlotter WF, Dakovski GL, Turner JJ, Minitti MP, Mitra A, Moeller SP, Föhlisch A, Wolf M, Wurth W, Persson M, Nørskov JK, Abild-Pedersen F, Ogasawara H, Pettersson LGM, Nilsson A. Probing the transition state region in catalytic CO oxidation on Ru. Science 2015; 347:978-82. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1261747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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43
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Steurer W, Repp J, Gross L, Scivetti I, Persson M, Meyer G. Manipulation of the charge state of single Au atoms on insulating multilayer films. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:036801. [PMID: 25659012 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.036801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We show charge-state manipulation of single Au adatoms on 2-11 monolayer (ML) thick NaCl films on Cu surfaces by attaching or detaching single electrons via the tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM). Tristate charge control (neutral, negatively charged, and positively charged) is achieved. On Cu(100) and Cu(111) supports, charge tristability is achieved independently of the NaCl layer thickness. In contrast, on Cu(311), only Au anions are stable on the thinnest NaCl films, but neutral and positive charge states become sufficiently long lived on films thicker than 4 ML to allow AFM-based charge-state-manipulation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Steurer
- IBM Research-Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - J Repp
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - L Gross
- IBM Research-Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - I Scivetti
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - M Persson
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - G Meyer
- IBM Research-Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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Engström G, Smith JG, Persson M, Nilsson PM, Melander O, Hedblad B. Response to letter to the editor 'Is red cell distribution width a biomarker in risk assessment of diabetes mellitus?'. J Intern Med 2014; 276:538. [PMID: 25039400 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Hussen HI, Moradi T, Persson M. Maternal overweight and obesity increase the risk of type 1 diabetes in offspring of parents without diabetes regardless of ethnicity. Eur J Public Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku165.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Persson M, Fadl H. Perinatal outcome in relation to fetal sex in offspring to mothers with pre-gestational and gestational diabetes--a population-based study. Diabet Med 2014; 31:1047-54. [PMID: 24773081 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective of the present study was to investigate if perinatal outcome differs with fetal sex in pregnancies with maternal Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes. METHODS This was a population-based cohort study, with data from the Medical Birth Registry in Sweden throughout the period 1998-2007. Singleton pregnancies with maternal Type 1 diabetes (n = 4092), Type 2 diabetes (n = 412) and gestational diabetes (n = 8602) were identified based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition code. For comparison, 905 565 pregnancies without diabetes were included. The primary outcome was a composite outcome, consisting of any of the following diagnoses: perinatal mortality rate, major malformation, preterm delivery, acute respiratory disorders and neonatal hypoglycaemia. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios for adverse outcomes in male offspring within the diabetic and reference cohorts, respectively. RESULTS In pregnancies with diabetes, maternal characteristics did not differ with fetal sex, except for a higher rate of Caesarean delivery in male offspring of women with Type 1 diabetes. Male infants to mothers with Type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes had significantly increased odds of respiratory disorders [adjusted odds ratio (confidence interval) Type 1 diabetes: 1.50 (1.12-2.02); gestational diabetes: 1.81 (1.27-2.57)]. Male infants to mothers with gestational diabetes also had significantly increased odds of major malformations [adjusted odds ratio: 1.44 (1.07-1.93)]. In offspring of mothers with Type 2 diabetes, odds ratios of most outcomes were higher in male infants; however, not significantly different from female infants. In pregnancies without diabetes, male infants had significantly higher odds of all adverse outcomes, except perinatal mortality rate. CONCLUSION The risk of adverse perinatal outcome in offspring of mothers with Type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes did not differ by sex, except for a higher risk in male infants for respiratory disorders. The risk of major malformations was also significantly increased in male offspring to mothers with gestational diabetes. In offspring of mothers with Type 2 diabetes, no significant differences between sexes were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Persson
- Clinical Epidemiological Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
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Farngren J, Persson M, Schweizer A, Foley JE, Ahrén B. Glucagon dynamics during hypoglycaemia and food-re-challenge following treatment with vildagliptin in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; 16:812-8. [PMID: 24612221 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition on glucagon dynamics in patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS The study was a single-centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled crossover study in patients with T2D, mean age 59 ± 6 (s.d.) years and mean haemoglobin A1c 7.7 ± 0.8%, treated with exogenous insulin with or without oral antihyperglycaemic agents. Patients received vildagliptin (50 mg BID) or placebo as add-on to insulin for 4 weeks in random order with a 4-week washout in-between. On day 28 of the respective treatment, patients were served a standard meal (500 kcal) followed by a hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemic clamp (target 2.5 mmol/l) and a subsequent food re-challenge (700 kcal). The completers population (n = 29) was analysed. RESULTS Glucose levels were lower with vildagliptin than with placebo during the meal [areas under the curve (AUC) 1.23 ± 0.07 vs. 1.46 ± 0.05 mol/l min, P < 0.001] and similar between the groups during the clamp. During the meal, glucagon levels were lower with vildagliptin (AUC 1.98 ± 0.15 vs. 2.15 ± 0.17 nmol/l min, P = 0.016). In contrast, the glucagon counter-regulation to the insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was sustained by vildagliptin (6.05 ± 1.20 pmol/l during vildagliptin vs.6.94 ± 1.09 pmol/l during placebo, NS). During the food re-challenge after hypoglycaemia, glucagon levels were, again, significantly lower after vildagliptin (AUC 1.30 ± 0.11 vs. 1.52 ± 0.12 nmol/l min, P < 0.039). Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) levels were significantly elevated by vildagliptin compared to placebo during meal, hypoglycaemia and food re-challenge. CONCLUSIONS Vildagliptin action to block GLP-1 and GIP inactivation by DPP-4 improves glucagon dynamics during hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia and food re-challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Farngren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperglycaemia has multiple effects on the red blood cell (RBC), including glycation of haemoglobin, reduced deformability and reduced lifespan. Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a measure of the heterogeneity of erythrocyte volumes. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between RDW and glucose, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM). DESIGN, SETTING AND SUBJECTS RDW and mean corpuscular volume were measured in 26 709 non-diabetic participants (aged 45-73 years) from the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. HbA1c and fasting venous blood glucose levels were measured in 4845 subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Incidence of DM (n = 2944) over 14 years of follow-up was studied by linkage with national and local DM registers. RESULTS Individuals with low RDW had significantly higher risk of developing DM [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29-1.70, for 1st vs. 4th quartile], especially in subjects with impaired fasting glucose (n = 416) (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.12-4.14). Low RDW was also associated with significantly higher waist circumference and glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations. By contrast, RDW was significantly and positively associated with HbA1c, corresponding an increase in HbA1c of 0.10% per 1 SD increase in RDW. CONCLUSION Low RDW is associated with increased incidence of DM independently of other risk factors. We propose that low RDW could be a surrogate marker of reduced RBC survival, with lower HbA1c due to shorter duration of glucose exposure. RDW is a biomarker that could improve risk assessment for individuals at risk of developing DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Carlsson Tedgren A, Persson M, Nilsson J. SU-F-19A-10: Recalculation and Reporting Clinical HDR 192-Ir Head and Neck Dose Distributions Using Model Based Dose Calculation. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Svensson-Färbom P, Ohlson Andersson M, Almgren P, Hedblad B, Engström G, Persson M, Christensson A, Melander O. Cystatin C identifies cardiovascular risk better than creatinine-based estimates of glomerular filtration in middle-aged individuals without a history of cardiovascular disease. J Intern Med 2014; 275:506-21. [PMID: 24279862 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Creatinine- and cystatin C-based estimates of renal function are considered to be cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, but the clinical utility in middle-aged subjects without a history of CVD is controversial. DESIGN We related plasma cystatin C and creatinine-based glomerular filtration rate (GFR) [MDRD, CKD-EPI-2009, and CKD-EPI-comb (a combination of creatinine and cystatin C)] to incident CVD, CVD mortality, all-cause mortality, and heart failure in 4650 middle-aged subjects without CVD. RESULTS The hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation increment (95% CI) of cystatin C predicted incident CVD (1.22, 1.11-1.33; P < 0.0001), CVD mortality (1.44, 1.24-1.66; P < 0.0001), all-cause mortality (1.15, 1.05-1.26; P = 0.002), and heart failure (1.27, 1.05-1.55; P = 0.02), whereas MDRD and CKD-EPI-2009 only predicted CVD mortality (0.79, 0.66-0.93; P = 0.006 and 0.78, 0.66-0.92; P = 0.003, respectively). Cystatin C led to a significant increase in the net reclassification improvement for all endpoints, except heart failure. Only within the quartile with the worst renal function were all measures related to all-cause and CVD mortality. The top 25% of cystatin C in the population significantly predicted risk of incident CVD and CVD mortality, whereas MDRD and CKD-EPI-2009 were predictors of CVD mortality only at a GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (11-13% of the population) and of incident CVD only at a GFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (<1% of the population). CONCLUSION Cystatin C is a better risk marker for CVD morbidity and mortality than creatinine-based GFR. Whether this is explained by cystatin C being a better marker for true GFR or through other effects of cystatin C remains to be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Svensson-Färbom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Trelleborg Hospital, Trelleborg, Sweden; Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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