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Ismail MM, El-Fakharany EM, Hegazy GE. Purification and fractionation of phycobiliproteins from Arthrospira platensis and Corallina officinalis with evaluating their biological activities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14270. [PMID: 37652963 PMCID: PMC10471603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are a class of water-soluble pigments with a variety of biological functions that are present in red macroalgae and cyanobacterial species. The crude forms of phycocyanin (C-PC) from the blue green alga Arthrospira platensis and allophycocyanin (APC) from the red macroalga Corallina officinalis were extracted and purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, anion exchange chromatography, and size exclusion chromatography methods, respectively. The obtained C-PC and APC from A. platensis and C. officinalis were 0.31 mg/mL and 0.08 mg/mL, respectively, with molecular masses of "17.0 KDa and 19.0 KDa" and "15.0 KDa and 17.0 KDa" corresponding to α and β subunits, respectively. FT-IR was used to characterize the purified APC and C-PC in order to look into their structures. Highly purified extracts (A620/A280 > 4.0) were obtained from subtractions' PC3 and PC4 that were tested for their biological activities. APC and C-PC crude extracts plus their fractions exhibited potent anti-oxidant in different ratios by using three techniques. PC1 showed high anti-inflammatory (75.99 and 74.55%) and anti-arthritic (78.89 and 76.92%) activities for C. officinalis and A. platensis, respectively compared with standard drugs (72.02 and 71.5%). The methanolic and water extracts of both species showed greater antibacterial efficacy against Gram +ve than Gram -ve marine bacteria. Our study shed light on the potential medical uses of C-PC and APC extracted from the tested species as natural substances in a variety of foods and drugs. Further investigations are required to explore the diverse chemical natures of distinct PBPs from different cyanobacteria and red algae because their amino acid sequences vary among different algal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Ismail
- National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research & Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ghada E Hegazy
- National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt.
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research & Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Ismail MM, Diab MH, El-Sheekh MM. Trophic status determination of the Egyptian Eastern Mediterranean Sea based on phytoplankton diversity and their biochemical contents. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1040. [PMID: 37582905 PMCID: PMC10427522 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study attempted to test the applicability of using phytoplankton as a bioindicator for assessing water quality along the Eastern Alexandria coast, Egypt. Eight stations were selected to cover the different characteristics of seawater during the summer 2022. Six algal groups were detected in different ratios: Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Silicoflagellata, and Euglenophyceae. Phytoplankton abundance was found highest at the Port Said (PS) beach, and the lowest abundance was detected at Ras El Bar (RB) beach. According to the evaluation of phytoplankton abundance, all the studied stations are oligotrophic state except PS was eutrophic. Based on Chl a concentration, the selected stations could be described as good-bad from west to east. The Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness indexes classified the studied stations as being moderate pollution except for PS and RB stations. The existence of organic pollution indicators species like Navicula, Synedra, and Euglena is a warning indication of the declining water quality especially in B and M stations. The biochemical compositions of the collected phytoplankton were spatial fluctuated. Protein and carbohydrates were the dominant macromolecules in the phytoplankton community compared with lipids. These macromolecules are used to assess trophic states whereas the ratio between protein and carbohydrate > 1 represents a healthy coast as observed in some stations. Thus, phytoplankton should be considered a bioindicator within Water Framework Directive monitoring programs for the Mediterranean Sea. For the long-term monitoring of the Mediterranean Sea's ecosystem, it is recommended that the macromolecules of phytoplankton should be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Ismail
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Diab
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt
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Ismail MM, El Zokm GM, Miranda Lopez JM. Nutritional, bioactive compounds content, and antioxidant activity of brown seaweeds from the Red Sea. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1210934. [PMID: 37565040 PMCID: PMC10410277 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1210934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brown seaweeds are excellent sources of bioactive molecules with a wide range of pharmacological effects, whose content can vary depending on several factors, including the origin and the environment in which the algae grow. Methods This study aimed to estimate 19 compounds regarding primary and secondary metabolites of eight brown macroalgal species from a clean Egyptian Red Sea coast. A proximate analysis, pigment, phenolic compounds, and vitamin contents were determined. In addition, the energy content and antioxidant activity were estimated to explore the potential application of algae as functional foods to encourage the species' commercialization. Results Based on the chemical composition, Polycladia myrica was the most valuable species, with a comparatively high protein content of 22.54%, lipid content of 5.21%, fucoxanthin content of 3.12 μg/g, β-carotene content of 0.55 mg/100 g, and carbohydrate content of 45.2%. This species also acts as a great source of vitamin C, flavonoids, tannins, phenol content and total antioxidant capacity. Discussion The antioxidant activity of the selected algae indicated that its phenol, vitamin and pigment contents were powerful antioxidant compounds based on the structure-activity relationships. This result was verified by the strong correlation in statistical analysis at the 95% confidence level. From a worldwide perspective and based on the obtained results, these brown species may be reinforced as an essential line in future foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M. Ismail
- Department of Marine Environment, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehan M. El Zokm
- Department of Marine Environment, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt
| | - José M. Miranda Lopez
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos (LHICA), Departamento de Química Analí-tica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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Ismail MM, Ismail GA, Elshobary ME. Morpho-anatomical, and chemical characterization of some calcareous Mediterranean red algae species. Bot Stud 2023; 64:10. [PMID: 37071314 PMCID: PMC10113420 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-023-00373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Climatic changes are anticipated to have a detrimental effect on calcifying marine species. Calcareous red algae may be especially vulnerable to seasonal variations since they are common and essential biologically, but there is little research on the morpho-anatomical, and chemical characterization of such species. This study conducted the seasonal investigation of the three dominant Mediterranean calcified red algae. Morphological and 18S rRNA analysis confirmed the identification of collected species as Corallina officinalis, Jania rubens, and Amphiroa rigida. In general, C. officinalis was represented in the four seasons and flourishing maximum in autumn (70% of total species individuals). While J. rubens species was represented in winter, autumn, and spring and completely absent in summer. A. rigida was abundant only in the summer season by 40%. A full morphological and anatomical description of these species were examined, and their chemical compositions (carbohydrate, protein, lipid, pigments, and elements content) were assessed in different seasons, where carbohydrates were the dominant accumulates followed by proteins and lipids. Pearson correlation analysis confirmed a positive correlation between salinity level and nitrogenous nutrients of the seawater with the pigment contents (phycobiliproteins, carotenoids, and chlorophyll a) of the studied seaweeds. The results proved that calcified red algae were able to deposit a mixture of calcium carbonates such as calcite, vaterite, calcium oxalate, calcite-III I calcium carbonate, and aragonite in variable forms depending on the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Ismail
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Gehan A Ismail
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Mostafa E Elshobary
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
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Shobier AH, Ismail MM, Hassan SWM. Variation in Anti-inflammatory, Anti-arthritic, and Antimicrobial Activities of Different Extracts of Common Egyptian Seaweeds with an Emphasis on Their Phytochemical and Heavy Metal Contents. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2071-2087. [PMID: 35665884 PMCID: PMC9931819 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, and antimicrobial activities of some common Egyptian seaweeds in addition to their phytochemical and heavy metal contents were investigated. Phytochemical screening of the seaweed extracts showed the presence of different primary and secondary metabolites with different concentrations according to their species and the used solvent. The ethanolic extract of Colpmenia sinuosa (CSBE2) exhibited the maximum anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity at 1000 μg/ml concentration compared to other seaweed extracts. The dichloromethane extract of Corallina officinalis (CORM) exerted the highest antimicrobial activity with an average inhibition zone diameter (AV) = 15.29 mm and activity index (AI) = 1.53 and with the highest antagonistic activity against Escherichia coli (28 mm). It is followed by Ulva linza ethanolic extract (ULGE2) which recorded (AV) of 14.71 mm and (AI) of 1.30 with the highest antifungal activity against Candida albicans (30 mm). The collected seaweeds would therefore be a very promising source for treating inflammatory, arthritic, and microbial diseases. Moreover, the investigated seaweeds showed variable concentrations of heavy metals among various species. The mean concentrations of the heavy metals took the following order: Fe > Zn > Mn > Ba > Cu > As > Cr > Ni > Pb > V > Cd > Se > Co > Mo. Based on the permissible limits set by the WHO and CEVA, Pb and Ni in the studied seaweeds were found to be within the permissible limits, whereas Cd and Zn contents were at the borderline. Significant correlations were observed between studied parameters. The estimated daily intakes for most heavy metals were lower than the recommended daily intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida H. Shobier
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M. Ismail
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
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Labib W, El-Dahhar AA, Shahin SA, Ismail MM, Hosny S, Diab MH. Water quality indices as tools for assessment of the Eastern Harbor’s water status (Alexandria, Egypt). SN Appl Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-023-05304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractBased on weekly sampling, the present short-term study was set out over a one-year cycle in the Eastern Harbor (Alexandria, Egypt). This study aims to assess water quality monitoring data. Among the 13 indexes used in the present study to define the water quality in the harbor, 6 depend on physical and chemical variables, and the other 6 are biological criteria. Chlorophyll concentrations and phytoplankton cell numbers were also used as indicators for assessing trophic status. The study indicated that water status mesotrophic and poor-bad classes are the major trend in the harbor, but oligotrophic condition dominates in winter, and the eutrophic status and poor class dominate in autumn. Looking for suitable tools to assess the water status in such a highly dynamic marine basin is not a simple task, and identification of a common quality status relying on a single assessment approach is hard to realize. Despite the consensus between some approaches, significant discrepancies were observed in the classification results on temporal scale, and for the inability of some indices to sort all types of water bodies in the harbor. The study might represent an integral part of holistic ecosystem-based management of coastal waters.
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El-Sayed AA, Ismail MM. Physico-chemodiversity variation between the most common calcareous red seaweed, Eastern Harbor, Alexandria, Egypt. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12457. [PMID: 36619451 PMCID: PMC9813763 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study sought to detect the difference in physicochemical properties and the proximate compositions of common calcareous red seaweeds "Corallina officinalis, Jania rubens, and Amphiroa rigida". J. rubens was recorded highly water (WHC), and oil holding capacity (OHC) (1.619 ± 0.08 g g-1 DW, 3.1 ± 0.50 g g-1 DW, respectively) than those other species relating to the hydrophilic nature of polysaccharides, whereas swelling water capacity (SWC) was higher in A. rigida (5.25 ± 0.38 mL g-1 DW). A higher value of carbohydrates (49.88 ± 2.56% DW) was observed in J. rubens, Contrariwise, protein (36.99 ± 1.36% DW) and lipid contents (5.85 ± 0.49% DW) were higher in C. officinalis. Albumin and protamine protein fractions were higher in J. rubens specimens (45.11 ± 2.29 mg g-1 & 0.0014 ± 0.0007 mg g-1 DW, respectively) than other species. While globulin and glutilin (31.70 ± 1.90 mg g-1 DW & 41.93 ± 2.20 mg g-1 DW, respectively) were high in A. rigida. Contrariwise, insoluble protein fraction was high in C. officinalis (9.50 ± 0.50 mg g-1 DW). J. rubens specimens were recorded maximum values of the photosynthetic pigments. The different surface types and elemental analysis of three species were examined by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). From fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy the S-S stretching peak of disulfides group at 462 cm-1 was the fingerprint of J. rubens. From GC-MS data A.rigida possesses 16 bioactive components with biological properties. As a result, J. rubens and A. rigida could be employed as an ingredient in functional foods and drug manufacture.
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Barakat KM, Ismail MM, Abou El Hassayeb HE, El Sersy NA, Elshobary ME. Chemical characterization and biological activities of ulvan extracted from Ulva fasciata (Chlorophyta). Rend Fis Acc Lincei 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-022-01103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractUlvan is a sulfated heteropolysaccharide present in the cell wall of Ulva species with a unique structure and biological potential used in various fields. Chemical characterization was carried out to determine the structure of ulvan from Ulva fasciata Delile collected from Eastern Harbor, Alexandria coast, Egypt. Ulva contains 31.5% carbohydrate with a total ulvan content of 43.66% of total carbohydrate (13.75 g/100 g DW) and sulfate content of 20.45% of ulvan. FTIR spectrum presented signals of the sulfate ester (C–O–S) and sulfate groups (S=O), typical for ulvan. GC–MS revealed that ulvan was mainly composed of rhamnose and fucose. 1H-NMR spectra of ulvan showed identical behavior of monosaccharides nature with peaks characteristic of sulfated polysaccharides at 3.2–5.3 ppm region. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) demonstrated amorphous architecture, and the sulfated nature of polysaccharides was emphasized by EDX analysis. The extracted ulvan showed significant antimicrobial activity against human and fish pathogens as well as antifouling bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 8 µg/mL. The extracted ulvan exhibited potent antioxidant activity with a scavenging effect of 84.93% for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy free radical (DPPH). Moreover, it showed anti-arthritic properties for the first time with a maximum inhibition of 86.04% with IC50 of 43.21%, indicating their potential value for the health and food industry.
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Alias NSNM, Arith F, Mustafa ANM, Ismail MM, Chachuli SAM, Shah ASM. Compatibility of Al-doped ZnO electron transport layer with various HTLs and absorbers in perovskite solar cells. Appl Opt 2022; 61:4535-4542. [PMID: 36256295 DOI: 10.1364/ao.455550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown a significant improvement in cell performance in photovoltaics technology. The commonly used light absorbing material of halide-based perovskite in PSCs has produced high efficiency cells with low cost and a simple fabrication process. However, it contains the harmful substance of Pb, which affects the environment, and the cell still suffers from instability in the long run. Therefore, this work presents a theoretical study of the Pb-free absorber layer of CH3NH3SnI3 that is paired for compatibility with various types of hole transport layers (HTLs). Several key parameters of the absorbent layer and HTL have been optimized to produce the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) using 1D-SCAPS software under AM 1.5 illumination. It was found that the combination of Cu2O and CH3NH3SnI3 used as the HTL and absorbent layer, respectively, has resulted in great PCE as high as 27.72%. These findings prove that the use of inorganic HTLs and Pb-free perovskite layers is promising for use in PSCs.
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Elkomy RG, Ismail MM. Crude sulfated polysaccharides extracted from marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria simplicissima with evaluation antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Iran J Microbiol 2021; 13:553-559. [PMID: 34557285 PMCID: PMC8421576 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v13i4.6983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Microalgae have been widely used as a novel source of bioactive substances. These substances exhibit various biological actions including, antioxidant and antitumor effects material. The present work is carried out to evaluate potential applications of cyanobacterium Oscillatoria simplicissima containing mainly polysaccharides. Materials and Methods: Crude polysaccharides from marine cyanobacteria Oscillatoria simplicissima and Oscillatoria acutissima were extracted and characterized according to their chemical content and cytotoxic activities. The isolated polysaccharides characterized by the Fourier transmittance infrared spectrum (FT-IR). Results: These polysaccharides constituted 34.68 mg/g of sugar, 0.011 mg/g of protein, and 28.92 mg/g of sulfate contents. The antioxidant property of the methanol extracts of these green microalgae was evaluated by measuring the free radical scavenging activity by the DPPH assay method. The algal extracts were then evaluated for their suppressive effect on tumor cell growth (A-549, MDA-MB-231, PC-3, HT-29, HepG2, and HeLa) by using the SRB assay. At a concentration of 10 mg/ mL, Oscillatoria simplicissima exhibits an antioxidant activity of 45.97%. The cytotoxic activity revealed that Oscillatoria simplicissima polysaccharide shows potent cytotoxic activity against lung cancer (A-549) cell line 49.465 μg/mL. Conclusion: Microalgal polysaccharides have great therapeutically potential in drug development used as antitumor and antioxidant agents in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham G Elkomy
- Department of Marine Environment, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Hurghada, Egypt
| | - Mona M Ismail
- Department of Marine Environment, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Hurghada, Egypt
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Gaballah MS, Ismail K, Aboagye D, Ismail MM, Sobhi M, Stefanakis AI. Effect of design and operational parameters on nutrients and heavy metal removal in pilot floating treatment wetlands with Eichhornia Crassipes treating polluted lake water. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:25664-25678. [PMID: 33464529 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Though having an economic and ecological impact on Marriott Lake management in Egypt, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is an aquatic floating macrophyte with a known phytoremediation potential. In order to assess its remediation potential, pilot floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) with E. crassipes were built in duplicates to evaluate the removal of nutrients and heavy metals from the polluted lake water. The experimental design included units with different water depths (15, 25, and 35 cm; D15, D25, and D35, respectively) and plant coverage (90, 70, 50, and 0%; P90, P70, P50, and P0, respectively). The pilot FTWs were monitored over a 7-day operation cycle to identify the optimum combination of design (plant coverage, water depth) and operation (hydraulic retention time; HRT) parameters needed for maximum BOD5, TN, NH4-N, and TP removal. NH4-N removal reached 97.4% in the D25P50 unit after 3 days, BOD5 75% in the D15P90 after 3 days, TN 82% in the D25P70 after 4 days, and TP 84.2% in the D35P70 after 4 days. The open-water evaporation rate was higher than the evapotranspiration rate in the planted units, probably due to the warm climate of the study area. Metals were also sufficiently removed through bioaccumulation in plant tissues in the order of Fe > Pb > Cu > Ni (62.5%, 88.9%, 81.7%, and 80.4% for D25P50, D25P70, D25P50, and D25P90, respectively), while most of the assimilated metal mass was translocated to the plant roots. The biochemical composition of the plant tissue was significantly different between the shoot and root parts. Overall, the FTW with 70% E. crassipes coverage, 25-cm water depth, and an HRT of 3-5 days was identified as the optimum design for effective remediation of the polluted Marriott Lake in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Gaballah
- Marine Environment Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, 21556, Egypt.
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Khiary Ismail
- Agricultural and Bio-system Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dominic Aboagye
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Mona M Ismail
- Marine Environment Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, 21556, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Sobhi
- Agricultural and Bio-system Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Gaballah MS, Ismail K, Aboagye D, Ismail MM, Sobhi M, Stefanakis AI. Correction to: Effect of design and operational parameters on nutrients and heavy metal removal in pilot floating treatment wetlands with Eichhornia crassipes treating polluted lake water. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:25679. [PMID: 33544349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Gaballah
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt.
- College of Engineering, Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Khiary Ismail
- Agricultural and Bio-system Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dominic Aboagye
- College of Engineering, Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Mona M Ismail
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Sobhi
- Agricultural and Bio-system Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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El Zokm GM, Ismail MM, El-Said GF. Halogen content relative to the chemical and biochemical composition of fifteen marine macro and micro algae: nutritional value, energy supply, antioxidant potency, and health risk assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:14893-14908. [PMID: 33222067 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Marine algae have made a strong contribution to global food security in the future. This study is the first report describing the concentration, pathways, and interactions of halogens in 15 species of marine algae collected from the Eastern Harbor in Alexandria, Egypt, relative to 22 key variables. The relationship between halogen content and chemical and biochemical parameters was studied through multivariate analysis. Among all the tested algae, the iodine content was the lowest (2.53-3.00 μg/g). The range of fluoride and chloride in macroalgae (1.12-1.70 and 0.10-0.46 mg/g) was smaller than that of microalgae (0.10-0.46 and 1.48-3.17 mg/g). The bromide content in macroalgae (0.36-5.45 mg/g) was higher than that in microalgae (0.40-0.76 mg/g). The halogen content in macroalgae was arranged in the order of Br > F > Cl > I. In addition, the biochemical parameters such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and certain heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb, Ni, Co, Cd, and Cr) were determined. Calories, energy, total antioxidant activity (TAC), K/Na, and ion quotient amounts were estimated. The results showed that the green seaweed species had the highest TAC content. In most of the studied algal species, the calculated ion quotient referred to their likelihood of overcoming high blood pressure. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of algae showed no adverse effects on human health. Most of the research variables are below the acceptable WHO/FAO level. Generally, the calorie content of the selected algae is less than 2 kcal, which makes the algae considered an alternative source of healthy food to reduce obesity.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehan M El Zokm
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona M Ismail
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ghada F El-Said
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria, Egypt
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Eissa AE, Abu‐Seida AM, Ismail MM, Abu‐Elala NM, Abdelsalam M. A comprehensive overview of the most common skeletal deformities in fish. Aquaculture Research 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/are.15125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa E. Eissa
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Ashraf M. Abu‐Seida
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Mona M. Ismail
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt
| | - Nermeen M. Abu‐Elala
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelsalam
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
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El-Sayed AAM, Abouzeid FM, Ismail MM, ElZokm GM. Characterization and utilization of Sargassum linifolium and Stypopodium schimperi polysaccharides as blue inhibitors for steel electo-polishing. Water Sci Technol 2021; 83:409-424. [PMID: 33504704 PMCID: wst_2020_586 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Different polysaccharide extracts (crude polysaccharide, fucoidan and alginate) from Sargassum linifolium and Stypopodium schimperi were examined as inhibitors of the carbon steel anodic dissolution process in 8 M phosphoric acid. The anode potential and limiting current relationship was measured and compared for gradually increasing algae extract concentrations (from 20 to 350 ppm). The limiting current decreases while inhibition efficiency (%) increases as the concentrations of all these extracts increase. Fucoidan from S. linifolium is considered to have the most retardation effect. The extracts' retardation mechanism is depending on the adsorption process at the steel metal, which was proved by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, SEM shows that high concentration (350 ppm) of Stypopodium schimperi crude polysaccharide, Sargassum linifolium fucoidan and Stypopodium schimperi alginate extracts have promising effect on the surface texture. The data of Langmuir and the kinetic-thermodynamic isotherms were determined to clarify the nature of adsorption of extract on the metal-solution interface. The activation energy and activation parameters (changes in enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy) were determined and gave indication for strong interaction between the inhibitor and the steel surface. The extract features were investigated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The polysaccharides from the brown algae, especially fucoidan, manifest potential as a natural electro-polishing blue inhibitor. Surface morphology study confirmed that addition of algae extract to a steel dissolution bath enhanced the surface appearance and its texture quality to great extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F M Abouzeid
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt E-mail:
| | - Mona M Ismail
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Gehan M ElZokm
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
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Abstract
Red Seaweed “Rhodophyta” are an important group of macroalgae that include approximately 7000 species. They are a rich source of structurally diverse bioactive constituents, including protein, sulfated polysaccharides, pigments, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds with nutritional, medical, and industrial importance. Polysaccharides are the main components in the cell wall of red algae and represent about 40–50% of the dry weight, which are extensively utilized in industry and pharmaceutical compounds, due to their thickening and gelling properties. The hydrocolloids galactans carrageenans and agars are the main red seaweed cell wall polysaccharides, which had broad-spectrum therapeutic characters. Generally, the chemical contents of seaweed are different according to the algal species, growth stage, environment, and external conditions, e.g., the temperature of the water, light intensity, nutrient concentrations in the ecosystem. Economically, they can be recommended as a substitute source for natural ingredients that contribute to a broad range of bioactivities like cancer therapy, anti-inflammatory agents, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory. This review touches on the main points of the pharmaceutical applications of red seaweed, as well as the exploitation of their specific compounds and secondary metabolites with vital roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M. Ismail
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Alexandria 21556, Egypt;
| | - Badriyah S. Alotaibi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mostafa M. EL-Sheekh
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1224106666; Fax: +20-403350804
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Abstract
Six species of macroalgae belonging to the Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta divisions were cultivated in a closed system with Guillard's f/2, Walne's, Provasoli Enriched Seawater (PES) medium, and seawater (control) for 6 weeks. The growth rate and parameters of the tested seaweeds showed that all used media enhanced the growth rate and chemical content as compared with other seaweeds cultivated in seawater without addition of any nutrients. There are significant differences in the effect of the used media on the seaweed composition at p = .01; PES is more effective than the f/2 and Walne's media. The results indicate that the cultivation technique of some macroalgae was an efficient tool for increasing the seaweeds' biomass and increasing their chemical compounds, calories, and energy under laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Ismail
- a Marine Environmental Division , National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries , Alexandria , Egypt
| | - Mostafa El-Sheekh
- b Botany Department, Faculty of Science , Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt
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Alio JL, Artola A, Ruiz-Moreno JM, Ismail MM, Ayala MJ. Accuracy of the Potential Acuity Meter in Predicting the Visual Outcome in Cases of Cataract Associated with Macular Degeneration. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 3:189-92. [PMID: 8142743 DOI: 10.1177/112067219300300403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In order to ascertain the accuracy and specificity of the Potential Acuity Meter (PAM) in the preoperative evaluation of likely postoperative visual acuity in cases of cataract associated with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), we studied the results in 130 cases, 54 of whom had preoperatively proved or suspected ARMD associated with a cataract. All of them were operated with extracapsular extraction and implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL), and final visual acuity was established when all the patients were visited three months postoperatively. A positive linear correlation was found between normal ocular fundus and PAM prediction (r = 0.77), and in the group of patients with preoperatively confirmed ARMD (r = 0.77). No difference was found between the preoperative PAM estimation and the final visual acuity in both groups. The PAM prediction was less accurate in cases with doubtful preoperative ARMD (r = 0.58) for whom showed PAM the highest score of false negatives in favor of the final visual acuity. Our results show that PAM is a reliable clinical technique for the prediction of visual results after cataract surgery in cases with preoperatively proved or doubtful macular pathology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the sensitivity and specificity of the PAM in diseased or suspicious maculas associated with cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Alio
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Carlos Ophthalmological Center, University of Alicante, Spain
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Ismail MM, El Zokm GM, El-Sayed AAM. Variation in biochemical constituents and master elements in common seaweeds from Alexandria Coast, Egypt, with special reference to their antioxidant activity and potential food uses: prospective equations. Environ Monit Assess 2017; 189:648. [PMID: 29177576 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical constituents and master elements (Pb, Cr, Cd, Fe, Cu, Zn, Hg, B, Al, SO42-, Na, K, Li, Ca, Mg, and F) were investigated in six different seaweed species from Abu Qir Bay in the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea coast. The moisture level ranged from 30.26% in Corallina mediterranea to 77.57% in Padina boryana. On dry weight basis, the ash contents varied from 25.53% in Jania rubens to 88.84% in Sargassum wightii. The protein contents fluctuated from 8.26% in S. wightii to 28.01% in J. rubens. Enteromorpha linza showed the highest lipids (4.66%) and carbohydrate contents (78.95%), whereas C. mediterranea had the lowest lipid (0.5%), and carbohydrate contents (38.12%). Chlorophylls and carotenoid contents varied among the species. Total antioxidant capacity of the tested green seaweeds had the highest activities followed by brown and red seaweeds which had a similar trend of phenol and tannins contents. High reducing power was observed in all tested seaweeds extract except Ulva lactuca. Brown species had the highest amount of elements followed by red and green seaweeds. Notably, SO42- recorded the highest level in the tested green species (108.05 mg/g dry weight (DW)). The Ca/Mg and K/Na ratios reflected highly significant difference between seaweed species. This study keeps an eye on 29 parameters and by applying stepwise multiple regression analysis, prospective equations have been set to describe the interactions between these parameters inside seaweeds. Accordingly, the tested seaweeds can be recommended as a source of healthy food with suitable ion quotient and estimated daily intake values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Ismail
- Marine Environmental Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, 21556, Egypt.
| | - Gehan M El Zokm
- Marine Environmental Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, 21556, Egypt
| | - Abeer A M El-Sayed
- Marine Environmental Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, 21556, Egypt
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Ismail GA, Ismail MM. Variation in oxidative stress indices of two green seaweeds growing under different heavy metal stresses. Environ Monit Assess 2017; 189:68. [PMID: 28116602 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5775-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of nine heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined in the green seaweed species Cladophora glomerata and Ulva compressa collected from El-Mex and Sidi Kirayr locations. The heavy metal concentrations in algal tissues were in direct correlation with their soluble concentrations in seawater with the descending order: Fe<Mn<Zn<Cu<Cr<Pb<Ni<Cd<Co. The bioaccumulation factor of iron and copper was higher in both tested species collected from El-Mex, while it was maximum for cadmium in Sidi Kirayr location. This metal contamination led to apparent alternation in algal thalli morphology. The results showed that C. glomerata had a superior adaptation to metal stress than U. compressa, due to its ability to produce non-enzymatic and enzymatic compounds for scavenging of the produced reactive oxygen species. The recorded contents of the oxidative stress indices (phenols, antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, and ascorbic acid) and the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) were higher in both tested seaweeds from El-Mex bay. Additionally, the estimated metal pollution index and pollution load index for the tested algae and seawaters ensured their ability as metal pollution bioindicators for monitoring marine environment quality and as biomarkers for oxidative damage assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehan A Ismail
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Mona M Ismail
- Marine Environmental Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, 21556, Egypt
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Ismail MM, Gheda SF, Pereira L. Variation in bioactive compounds in some seaweeds from Abo Qir bay, Alexandria, Egypt. Rend Fis Acc Lincei 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-015-0472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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El-Mansy MAM, Ismail MM. On the spectroscopic analyses of 3-(4-Hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-3-yl)-2-nitro-3-oxo-propionic acid (HMQNP). Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 135:704-709. [PMID: 25129625 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a combined experimental and theoretical study on molecular structure and vibrational frequencies of HMQNP were reported. The FT-IR spectrum of HMQNP is recorded in the solid phase. The equilibrium geometries, harmonic vibrational frequencies, thermo-chemical parameters, total dipole moment, nuclear repulsion energy and HOMO-LUMO energies are calculated by DFT/B3LYP utilizing 6-311G(d,p) basis set. Results showed that HMQNP possesses a high dipole moment value of 9.3 Debye. HMQNP spin is doublet state which enhances frontier molecular orbitals to split into alpha (spin ↑) and beta (spin ↓) molecular orbitals with two different energy gaps 4.2 and 2.7 eV, respectively. HMQNP is highly recommended to be a more promising structure for many applications in optoelectronic devices such as solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A M El-Mansy
- Physics Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - M M Ismail
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo, Egypt
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Kelly SJ, Ismail MM. Is exposure to chronic stressors a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes? Eur J Public Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku162.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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El-Sheekh MM, Bedaiwy MY, Osman ME, Ismail MM. Influence of Molasses on Growth, Biochemical Composition and Ethanol Production of the Green Algae Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.18005/jaeb0202002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Eid OM, Eid MM, Kayed HF, Mahmoud WM, Mousafa SS, Ismail MM, Abdeen DM. Detection of cytogenetics abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukemia using FISH technique and their prognostic impact. Gulf J Oncolog 2014; 1:68-75. [PMID: 24610291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a clonal lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by progressive accumulation of morphologically and immunophenotypically mature lymphocytes. Characterization of genomic aberrations may help to understand the pathogenesis of CLL and may give prognostic information independent from conventional clinical markers for a risk-adapted management of CLL patients. AIM The aim of the present study is to determine the most common cytogenetics abnormalities between patients with CLL and its prognostic impact. PATIENTS AND METHODS The present study was carried out on 20 adult patients presented with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The patients were diagnosed on the basis of standard clinical (lymph node involvement and/or hepatosplenomegaly), hematological and immunophenotypic criteria for diagnosis of B-CLL. All cases were studied at the time of their diagnosis. FISH technique was successfully performed on PB samples using CLL LSI probes for ATM (11q22) / GLI (12q13) and 13q14/ p53 (17p13). RESULTS For comparative statistical studies, the patients were divided into group I (patients with favorable outcome) and group II (patients with unfavorable outcome). All patients showed one or more cytogenetic abnormality with the prevalence of p53 in 16 patients out of 20 that perfectly correlated with the poor outcome of the patients. This is followed by deletion in the 13q14 and to a lesser extent deletion in ATM gene, but no one has exhibited amplification in the 12q13 locus. CONCLUSION p53 deletion as a sole abnormality has a higher prognostic power than other cytogenetics abnormalities. The cytogenetics study using FISH panel for CLL patients in a complementary fashion to the other clinical and laboratory findings may overcome the pitfalls in the diagnosis and may also assess the assignment of therapeutic protocols for CLL patients according to the results of their cytogenetic analysis at the time of diagnosis. KEYWORDS FISH, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, CLL, p53, cytogenetics, Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Eid
- Dr. Ola M. Eid, Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt. Tel No. 00201001775606.
| | - M M Eid
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H F Kayed
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - W M Mahmoud
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S S Mousafa
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - M M Ismail
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - D M Abdeen
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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Ismail MM, Gamaleldein MH, Hassa KA. Closed kinetic chain exercises with or without additional hip strengthening exercises in management of patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2013; 49:687-698. [PMID: 23820880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common musculoskeletal pain condition, especially in females. Decreased hip muscle strength has been implicated as a contributing factor. Isolated open kinetic chain hip abductors and lateral rotators exercises were added by many authors to the rehabilitation program. However, Closed Kinetic Chain (CKC) exercises focusing on hip and knee muscles were not investigated if they can produce similar effect of hip strengthening and decreasing pain without the need of isolated exercises for hip musculature. AIM The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of a CKC exercises program with or without additional hip strengthening exercises on pain and hip abductors and lateral rotators peak torque. DESIGN Prospective randomized clinical trial. SETTING Patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome referred to the outpatient physical therapy clinic of the faculty of physical therapy, cairo university. POPULATION Thirty two patients who had patellofemoral pain syndrome with age ranged from eighteen to thirty years. METHODS Patients were randomly assigned into two groups: CKC group and CKC with hip muscles strengthening exercises as a control (CO) group. Treatment was given 3 times/week, for 6 weeks. Patients were evaluated pre- and post-treatment for their pain severity using VAS, function of knee joint using Kujala questionnaire, hip abductors and external rotators concentric/eccentric peak torque. RESULTS There were significant improvements in pain, function and hip muscles peak torque in both groups (P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between groups in hip muscles torque (P<0.05) but pain and function improvements were significantly greater in the CO group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Six weeks CKC program focusing on knee and hip strengthening has similar effect in improving hip muscles torque in patients with PFPS as a CKC exercises with additional hip strengthening exercises. However, adding isolated hip strengthening exercises has the advantage of more pain relief. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT CKC exercises with additional hip strengthening could be more beneficial in decreasing pain in PFPS than CKC exercises alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ismail
- Orthopedic Physical Pherapy Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt -
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Ismail MM, Morsy GM, Mohamed HM, El-Mansy MAM, Abd-Alrazk MMA. FT-IR spectroscopic analyses of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-[2-nitro-2-oxoacetyl-2(1H)quinolinone (HMNOQ). Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 113:191-195. [PMID: 23727672 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.04.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a combined experimental and theoretical study on molecular structure and vibrational frequencies of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-[2-nitro-2-oxoacetyl-2(1H)quinolinone (HMNOQ) was reported. The FT-IR spectrum of HMNCQ is recorded in the solid phase. The equilibrium geometries, harmonic vibrational frequencies, thermo-chemical parameters, total dipole moment and HOMO-LUMO energies are calculated by density functional theory DFT/B3LYP utilizing 6-311G(d,p) basis set. Results showed that HMNOQ is highly recommended to be a promising structure for many applications in optoelectronic devices due to its high calculated dipole moment value (9 Debye) which indicates its high reactivity to interact with the surrounding molecules. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap of HMNOQ is 4 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ismail
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo, Egypt
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Gunawardena GSA, Karunaweera ND, Ismail MM. Socio–economic and behavioural factors affecting the prevalence ofAscarisinfection in a low-country tea plantation in Sri Lanka. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 2013; 98:615-21. [PMID: 15324467 DOI: 10.1179/000349804225021299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The identification of the factors that affect the prevalences of geohelminthiases should help to maximize the effectiveness of programmes for the control of these diseases. In the present study, the relationships between the prevalence and intensity of human infection with Ascaris and the availability of sanitary facilities, socio-economic status and personal health habits have been explored in Sri Lanka. The 176 subjects, who lived on a low-country tea plantation, were aged 2-50 years (median = 13 years) and were investigated between the July and December of 2000. When the prevalence and intensity of Ascaris infection were determined, using Kato-Katz smears, 50.0% of the subjects were found to be secreting the eggs of the parasite. Almost all (96.6%) of the subjects lived in terraces of one-room houses built by the plantation owners, and only 30.7% had access to a latrine. Most (90.3%) obtained their drinking water from common taps, and 48.8% boiled their drinking water. The subjects who only drank water that had been boiled and those who washed their hands before meals were relatively unlikely to be infected (P < 0.05 for each). In congested living conditions with poor sanitary facilities, the level of faecal contamination of the environment is invariably high. Even under these conditions, however, good hygiene and the boiling of all drinking water can reduce the risks of Ascaris infection. In the study setting and in similar environments, regular anthelmintic therapy, improvements in housing conditions and sanitary facilities, and health education, to promote risk-reducing patterns of behaviour, would all be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S A Gunawardena
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, P. O. Box 271, Kynsey Road, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka.
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Youssef SR, Ismail MM, Abd Al Wahed E, Al Dessoky H. Growth advantage of CD34+ cells in trisomy 8 high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome despite enhanced apoptotic signals. East Mediterr Health J 2013; 18:1065-71. [PMID: 23301363 DOI: 10.26719/2012.18.10.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study examined haematopoietic stem cells of 19 high-risk cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) for apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals and cellular proliferation and correlated these with clinical and cytogenetic subtypes, particularly trisomy 8. The aim was to identify cellular and cytogenetic markers of prognostic relevance to survival of high-risk MDS cases. High-risk MDS cases had a significantly higher percentage of apoptotic CD34+ cells and anti-apoptotic survivin+ cells than controls, particularly for trisomy 8 cases. Trisomy 8+ cells showed a significant positive correlation with apoptotic CD34+ cells and capacity for colony formation. The latter was significantly lower in trisomy-8-negative cases than normal controls, while that oftrisomy 8 cases was comparable to controls. Our results suggest that although trisomy 8 cells are in a pro-apoptotic state, they are checked by the enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic signals which provide them with their proliferative advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Youssef
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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H. Osman MEA, El-Sheekh MM, Metwally MA, A. Ismail AEW, Ismail MM. Antagonistic Activity of Some Fungi and Cyanobacteria Species against Rhizoctonia solani. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijpp.2011.101.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
1. The pharmacokinetic properties of doxycycline were determined in healthy chickens and chickens naturally infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum after a single intravenous (i.v.) and oral administration of the drug at 20 mg/kg body weight. Tissue residues of the tested drug after an oral dose of 20 mg/kg given twice daily for 5 consecutive days were also estimated in diseased chickens. 2. The plasma concentrations of doxycycline following single i.v. and oral administration were higher in healthy chickens than in diseased ones. Following i.v. injection, the elimination half-life (t1/2beta), distribution half-life and mean residence time (MRT) were longer in healthy chickens than in diseased birds. The values of total body clearance (ClB) and volume of distribution (Vdss) were larger in healthy chickens than in diseased birds. 3. After single oral administration, the absorption half-life (tl/2ab) and the elimination half-life were longer in normal birds than in diseased ones. The maximum plasma concentration of the drug was higher in normal chickens than in diseased ones. 4. Following repeated oral administration, the concentration of doxycycline in all tissues except muscle was higher than the corresponding concentrations in plasma. Concentrations of doxycycline in different tissues were in the following order: kidney > liver > lung > muscle. The drug was detected in liver and kidney in substantial concentrations on d 5 post administration of the last dose whereas, on d 7, its concentration in all tissues was below the lower limit of the sensitivity of the assay method used. Because of the low sensitivity of the microbiological assay method used in this study, a safe withdrawal time for doxycycline in diseased birds could not be estimated for the meanwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ismail
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
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Badreldin AMA, Kroener A, Heldwein MB, Doerr F, Vogt H, Ismail MM, Bossert T, Hekmat K. Prognostic value of daily cardiac surgery score (CASUS) and its derivatives in cardiac surgery patients. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 58:392-7. [PMID: 20922621 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1250080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to validate the usefulness of CASUS derivatives for cardiac surgery patients and their reliability for daily decision making. METHODS We included, prospectively, the data of all adult cardiac surgery patients who had an ICU stay of at least 12 hours between 20 January 2003 and 14 October 2005 in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of the University of Cologne, Germany. Data were collected until ICU discharge and included initial, maximum, mean, and total CASUS values. δ CASUS (difference from initial value) was calculated at 48 and 96 hours postoperatively. The predictive efficacy of the derivatives was tested with calibration and discrimination statistics. RESULTS 2372 patients were included with a mean age of 66.2 ± 11.2 years. ICU mortality was 3.6 % (n =85). Mean ICU stay was 3.0 ± 6.1 days. The discrimination was very good for all derivatives (area under the curve ranged between 0.988 and 0.926). The calibration was also good except for the total CASUS, which showed a significant difference between the expected and observed mortality. Increased δ CASUS at 48 hours (1038 patients) and 96 hours (435 patients) correlated with an increase in mortality (23.1 % and 42.9 %, respectively), and conversely a decreased mortality rate was observed with decreasing values (1.9 % and 3.8 %, respectively). CONCLUSION CASUS derivatives including δ CASUS have a good prognostic value for cardiac surgery patients with regard to the prediction of mortality and survival during ICU stay, with the exception of total CASUS which was not informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M A Badreldin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Friedrich Schiller University Hospital of Jena, Jena, Germany.
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Fernando SD, Gunawardena GSA, Siriwardena C, Palihawadana VP, Ismail MM. Knowledge and practice on use of anthelminthics by mothers in selected areas in the Colombo District. Ceylon Med J 2009; 52:70-1. [PMID: 17691567 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v52i2.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Gunawardena GSA, Siriwardana C, Paranavitane SR, Ismail MM, Fernando SD. Anthelmintic prescribing patterns of a sample of general practitioners from selected areas in the Colombo district of Sri Lanka. Indian J Community Med 2008; 33:93-9. [PMID: 19967032 PMCID: PMC2784634 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.40876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
General Practitioners (GPs) provide first contact care of children and pregnant mothers in the community. This study ascertained the prescribing pattern of anthelmintics to children and pregnant women by a sample of GPs from the district of Colombo. Two hundred medical practitioners engaged in full-time General Practice (100 urban and 100 rural), were selected randomly. A pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. A total of 183 GPs aged between 26 and 72 years (median 38) participated with 94 coming from urban areas. Seventy percent of the GPs were male. Almost 13% of GPs from urban areas had a Postgraduate degree in comparison to 4.5% from the rural areas (P < 0.05). Over 50% of GPs had 6-20 years of service and over 30% treated 16-30 patients daily. Seventy-three percent of GPs from rural areas accessed health-related reading material either daily or weekly in contrast to only 40% from urban areas (P < 0.001). All GPs prescribed anthelmintics to children. Pyrantel pamoate was the preferred anthelmintic used for children by both groups. Approximately 55% and 64% of GPs from urban and rural areas, respectively, prescribed anthelmintics during pregnancy. A majority of GPs prescribed drugs after the first trimester. However, 25% from urban areas gave drugs during any trimester (P < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that GPs with postgraduate qualifications, those having frequent access to health-related material and those seeing more than 30 patients daily, prescribed anthelmintics to pregnant women more often. Although routine de-worming of pregnant women and children should occur through government antenatal and well-baby clinics, and through the schools de-worming programme, it may not happen due to various reasons. Thus, GPs play a vital role in achieving good coverage of anthelmintics among children and pregnant women. Making available clear national guidelines on prescribing anthelmintics in Sri Lanka would improve the prescribing patterns of anthelmintics among GPs.
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Gunawardena GSA, Ismail MM, Bradley MH, Karunaweera ND. Impact of the 2004 mass drug administration for the control of lymphatic filariasis, in urban and rural areas of the Western province of Sri Lanka. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2007; 101:335-41. [PMID: 17524248 DOI: 10.1179/136485907x176364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis is targeted to be eliminated globally, at least as a public-health problem, by 2020. The comprehensive strategy for achieving this goal includes the interruption of the transmission of the causative parasites, by drastically reducing the prevalences of microfilaraemia in at-risk communities. In a descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional and community-based study, the impact of the 2004 mass drug administration (MDA) on filarial infection, in selected areas of the Western province of Sri Lanka, has now been assessed 1-2 and 11 months after the administration of the diethylcarbamazine-albendazole combination employed. Using the cluster-sampling method, urban study populations were selected in the Colombo districts and rural ones were selected in the Gampaha district. After obtaining informed written consent, 2 ml venous blood were collected, between 20.00 and 24.00 hours, from each subject. Personal details and drug compliance in the 2004 MDA were recorded. The samples of 'night' blood were checked for microfilariae, using membrane filtration, and for filarial antigenaemia, using commercial (NOW) immunochromatographic test kits. Eighty-four (4.10%) of the 2034 subjects examined 1-2 months after the 2004 MDA but only four (0.20%) of the 1974 subjects checked 11 months after the MDA were found antigenaemic and/or microfilaraemic (P<0.001). Between the two follow-ups, the overall prevalences of both antigenaemia (4.03% v. 0.15%; P<0.001) and microfilaraemia (0.20% v. 0.05%; P=0.38) fell, although only the reduction in antigenaemia was statistically significant. The prevalence of infection (as indicated by antigenaemia and/or microfilaraemia) fell significantly within each of the two study districts (P<0.001). Although, when the prevalence of infection was high, drug compliance appeared to be an important determinant of the reduction of antigenaemia (P=0.04), the 20% difference in compliance between urban and rural areas had no apparent effect on the corresponding prevalences of infection recorded at either follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S A Gunawardena
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, PO Box 271, Kynsey Road, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka.
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Abstract
The development of immunodiagnostic tests (IDTs) for bancroftian filariasis must be aimed at defined objectives, such as the determination of exposure rates, the detection of microfilaraemia and the diagnosis of clinical filariasis. Assays for both antibody and antigen detection are necessary. Antigen determination may be more appropriate in the detection of microfilaraemia, but for clinical filariasis, antibody determination may prove more useful. The microfilarial surface antigens are very good candidates for this purpose. Determination of antibody to larval antigens may be the best way of establishing exposure rates for epidemiological purposes. An important prerequisite for IDT development is the characterization of antigens at epitope level. Sharing of antigen epitopes with host antigens could be a major limitation in IDT development. An understanding of the parasitological and immunological background of the endemic locality is also necessary. It is recommended that all IDTs are evaluated in follow-up case studies.
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El Batran SA, Osman AEN, Ismail MM, El Sayed AM. Synthesis and evaluation of 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives as potentially novel compounds with analgesic and other CNS activities. Inflammopharmacology 2006; 14:62-71. [PMID: 16835715 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-006-1498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2005] [Accepted: 11/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New 2,6-piperidinediones 2(a-g) and 4(a-d) were prepared by initial condensation of aromatic aldehydes or cycloalkanones with cyanoacetamide to give alpha-cyanocinnamides l(a-g) or cycloalkylidenes 3(a,b) which underwent Michae1 addition with ethyl cyanoacetate or diethylmalonate. Compounds 4(a-d) were alkylated by various alkyl halides to produce the N-alkylated 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives 5(a-m). Some new selected compounds 2(a-c,f), 4(a-d) and 5(e,h,j) were pharmacologically evaluated for potential anticonvulsant, sedative and analgesic activities. These compounds exhibited significant anticonvulsant and analgesic effects after a single I.P. administration 100 mg/kg b.wt. On the other hand all the investigated compounds induced hypnotic activity and prolonged the phenobarbital sodium- induced sleep as compared with the control group and the most potent compound was found to be 2(f).
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Affiliation(s)
- S A El Batran
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Gunawardena GSA, Karunaweera ND, Ismail MM. Effects of climatic, socio-economic and behavioural factors on the transmission of hookworm (Necator americanus) on two low-country plantations in Sri Lanka. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2005; 99:601-9. [PMID: 16156974 DOI: 10.1179/136485905x51436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The climatic, socio-economic and behavioural factors influencing hookworm (Necator americanus) infection in Sri Lanka were explored between February 2000 and June 2001. In February 2000, a single stool sample was collected from each of the 477 subjects investigated, who were aged 2-74 years (median = 13 years) and lived on the 'lowcountry' Maliboda and Ayr plantations. The 'baseline' prevalence (28.5%) and intensity of hookworm infection (0- 4828.5 eggs/g faeces, with a mean of 128.4 eggs/g) were then determined by examining these initial samples, as Kato-Katz smears. Subsequently, each participant was treated with a single, 500-mg dose of mebendazole and then followed-up, at monthly intervals, for the next 15 months. Whenever a subject was found smear-positive for hookworm eggs at one of the monthly follow-ups, he or she was treated again with mebendazole. This approach allowed the monthly incidence of hookworm infection to be determined for each subject, assuming that subjects became smear-positive approximately 6 weeks post-infection. During the study period, rainfall and mean temperature were recorded daily and then converted to monthly values so that the relationship between the incidence of infection over each month and the rainfall and mean temperature over the same period could be explored. In addition, potentially relevant data on the socio-economic status and behaviour of each subject were collected, in questionnaire-based interviews with the adult subjects and the caregivers of the children investigated. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were then calculated for each factor that might increase the risk of hookworm infection. The monthly incidence of hookworm infection showed three peaks -- in September 2000 (21.3%), January 2001 (20.8%) and May 2001 (17.5%) -- at Maliboda, and two peaks -- in September 2000 (25.0%) and February 2001 (29.2%) -- at Ayr. With the data for all subjects combined, incidence showed a statistically significant correlation with mean temperature (r = -0.468; P = 0.018). The results of a multivariate analysis also revealed that mean temperature was significant (beta = -5.296; P = 0.01) in hookworm incidence. Bathing and washing with water from rock-pools formed by waterfalls (OR = 1.33; CI = 1.35-4.01), the use of wells (OR = 2.35; CI = 1.29-4.30), and a lack of toilets (OR = 1.60; CI = 1.01-2.53) each appeared to increase the risk of hookworm infection significantly. Those living on the two study plantations, and perhaps many other similar plantations in Sri Lanka, would clearly benefit from improved access to the public water supply (especially to pipe-borne water) and toilets.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S A Gunawardena
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Abstract
Turkey astrovirus (TAstV) is an important agent of poult enteritis. The diagnosis of astroviruses has been dependent mainly on electron microscopy (EM) or immune EM (IEM). To develop other simple, rapid, and reliable diagnostic assays, two antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (AC-ELISAs), polyclonal AC-ELISA and monoclonal AC-ELISA, were developed in this study. Monoplex and multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs) were also developed using nondegenerate primer sets specific to the capsid region and degenerate primer pairs specific to the polymerase area of two TAstV. EM was included for comparison. Fecal or intestinal contents samples from naturally and experimentally infected poults with enteritis were examined using the developed assays. The polyclonal AC-ELISA had higher sensitivity and wider detection spectrum than the monoclonal AC-ELISA with group-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb), whereas the monoclonal AC-ELISA had very high specificity but lower sensitivity, which was estimated at 0.06 microg of viral proteins. Small round viruses (SRV) that could be astroviruses or other small viruses were detected in 34.4% of the samples examined by EM. The monoplex RT-PCR results amplified with primers SRV-1-3 and SRV-1-5 revealed that the positive rate of astroviruses was 45.3%, which was 10.9% higher than that of EM even if other SRVs were not excluded. Multiplex RT-PCR with SRV-1-3 and SRV-1-5 and AFCP-F1 and AFCP-R1 and the monoplex RT-PCR with degenerate primers verified that the positive rate of astroviruses was 59.4%, which was 25% higher than that of EM. Both RT-PCRs showed good specificity and wider detection spectrum compared with earlier published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
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40
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Abstract
The pharmacokinetic properties of ceftriaxone were investigated in 10 goats following a single intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration of 20 mg kg(-1) body weight. After i.v. injection, ceftriaxone serum concentration-time curves were characteristic of a two-compartment open model. The distribution and elimination half-lives (t(1/2alpha), t(1/2beta)) were 0.12 and 1.44 h respectively. Following i.m. injection, peak serum concentration (C(max)) of 23.6 microg ml(-1) was attained at 0.70 h. The absorption and elimination half-lives (t(1/2ab), t(1/2el)) were 0.138 and 1.65 h respectively. The systemic bioavailability of the i.m. administration (F %) was 85%. Following i.v. and i.m. administration, the drug was excreted in high concentrations in urine for 24 h post-administration. The drug was detected at low concentrations in milk of lactating goats. A recommended dosage of 20 mg kg(-1) injected i.m. every 12 h could be expected to provide a therapeutic serum concentration exceeding the minimal inhibitory concentrations for different susceptible pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ismail
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
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Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of cefepime were studied following intravenous and intramuscular administration of 6.5 mg/kg in four female Friesian calves. Following single intravenous administration, the serum concentration-time curves of cefepime were best fitted using a two-compartment open model. The elimination half-life (t(1/2)beta) was 2.38+/-0.16 h, volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) was 0.21 +/- 0.01 L/kg, and total body clearance (ClB) was 1.1 +/- 0.08 ml/min per kg. Following intramuscular administration, the drug was rapidly absorbed with an absorption half-life (t(1/2)ab) of 0.29+/-0.02 h; maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of 21.7 +/- 1.1 microg/ml was attained after (Tmax) 1.1 +/- 0.08 h; and the drug was eliminated with an elimination half-life (t(1/2)el) of 3.02 +/- 0.18 h. The systemic bioavailability (F) after intramuscular administration of cefepime in calves was 95.7% +/- 7.44%. The in vitro serum protein-binding tendency was 10.5-16.7%. Following administration by both routes, the drug was excreted in high concentrations in urine for 24 h post administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ismail
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
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Abdel-Fattah MAF, Dessouki AA, Ramadan T, Ismail MM. Evaluation of eugenol as anesthetic in Cat-fish (Clarias gariepinus) with special reference to biochemical and histopathological alterations. Journal of Veterinary Medical Research 2005. [DOI: 10.21608/jvmr.2005.77941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
Seasonal variation in a particular area may influence the occurrence of helminth infections and determining such fluctuations may help to maximize the beneficial effects of mass treatment. This study determined the seasonal variations in infection levels of Ascaris lumbricoides between March 2000 and June 2001 in two selected low-country plantations. Four hundred and seventy seven persons aged between 2 and 74 years (median 13) participated. Stools were tested using the Kato-Katz method and the prevalence and intensity of infection determined. All persons were treated with a single dose of mebendazole. Monthly follow-ups were undertaken with similar stool examinations and treatment given if found positive. Infection and re-infection rates were calculated each month. Rainfall and temperature were recorded each day. Total rainfall, number of wet-days and mean temperature was calculated for each month. The prevalence of Ascaris infection was 53.4% and 51.0% at Maliboda and Ayr estates respectively. Highest infection and re-infection rates at Maliboda (37.7%, 37.2%) occurred in June and at Ayr (13.3%, 25.9%) in October 2000 respectively. During the study period, the mean rainfall was 28.1 cm (range 7.4-63.9 cm) and mean temperature 27.6 degrees C (range 22.1 degrees -34.4 degrees C). Significant correlations (P<0.05) were found between the re-infection rate and rainfall, temperature and the number of wet-days. Similar correlations were observed with the infection rate and temperature and the number of wet-days. Ascaris infections were found to correlate significantly only with the number of wet-days in a month (P<0.01). Thus, the number of wet-days appears to be a better indicator of Ascaris infections than total rainfall or mean temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S A Gunawardena
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, PO Box 271, Kynsey Road, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka.
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Abstract
We designed this study to compare the replication potential of turkey coronavirus (TCV) and its effect in chickens and turkeys and to study the effect of singleand combined infection of turkey poults with TCV and astrovirus. We studied the pathogenicity of TCV in experimentally inoculated turkey poults and chickens by observing the dinical signs and gross lesions. Two trials were conducted with 1-day-old and 4-wk-old specific-pathogen-free turkey poults and chickens. One-day-old turkey poults developed diarrhea at 48 hr postinoculation. Poults euthanatized at 3, 5, and 7 days postinoculation had flaccid, pale, and thin-walled intestines with watery contents. The 4-wk-old turkeys had no clinical signs or gross lesions. One-day-old and 4-wk-old chicks developed no clinical signs or gross lesions although the TCV was detected in gut contents of the birds throughout the experimental period (14 days). In another experiment, mean plasma D-xylose concentrations in 3-day-old turkey poults inoculated with TCV, turkey astrovirus, or a combination of both viruses were significantly lower than in the uninoculated controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ismail
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
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Ismail MM, Cho KO, Hasoksuz M, Saif LJ, Saif YM. Antigenic and genomic relatedness of turkey-origin coronaviruses, bovine coronaviruses, and infectious bronchitis virus of chickens. Avian Dis 2001; 45:978-84. [PMID: 11785902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
In earlier studies in our laboratory, we found that bovine coronavirus (BCV) was pathogenic for 1-day-old turkey poults. This finding prompted us to study the antigenic and genomic relatedness of turkey origin coronaviruses (TOCVs) to BCV. A one-step reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting a 730-base pair fragment of the nucleocapsid (N) gene of BCV and a nested PCR targeting a 407-base pair fragment of the N gene were used in an attempt to detect TOCV from North Carolina, Indiana, and a prototype turkey coronavirus (TCV) obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. Both the one-step RT-PCR and the nested PCR amplified cell culture-passaged isolates of calf diarrhea strains of BCV but none of the 15 tested TOCVs or transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus of swine. TOCVs also did not cross-react in a BCV antigen-capture (AC) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against N, spike glycoprotein, and hemagglutinin esterase glycoprotein proteins of BCV as coating antibodies. The same TOCVs could be detected with primers designed from the genome of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) of chickens. These primers amplified a 1082-base pair region spanning portions of the membrane glycoprotein (M) and N protein genes of IBV and TCV. The TOCVs also cross-reacted in an AC-ELISA with MAbs against the M and subunit 2 of spike glycoprotein of IBV.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Base Sequence
- Cattle
- Chick Embryo
- Chickens
- Coronavirus, Bovine/classification
- Coronavirus, Bovine/genetics
- Coronavirus, Bovine/immunology
- Coronavirus, Turkey/classification
- Coronavirus, Turkey/genetics
- Coronavirus, Turkey/immunology
- Cross Reactions
- DNA, Viral
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary
- Gene Amplification
- Genes, Viral
- Infectious bronchitis virus/classification
- Infectious bronchitis virus/genetics
- Infectious bronchitis virus/immunology
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/genetics
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/immunology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Turkeys
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ismail
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691, USA
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Horton J, Witt C, Ottesen EA, Lazdins JK, Addiss DG, Awadzi K, Beach MJ, Belizario VY, Dunyo SK, Espinel M, Gyapong JO, Hossain M, Ismail MM, Jayakody RL, Lammie PJ, Makunde W, Richard-Lenoble D, Selve B, Shenoy RK, Simonsen PE, Wamae CN, Weerasooriya MV. An analysis of the safety of the single dose, two drug regimens used in programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Parasitology 2001; 121 Suppl:S147-60. [PMID: 11386686 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000007423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This review of the safety of the co-administration regimens to be used in programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (albendazole + ivermectin or albendazole + diethylcarbamazine [DEC]) is based on 17 studies conducted in Sri Lanka, India, Haiti, Ghana, Tanzania, Kenya, Ecuador, the Philippines, Gabon, Papua New Guinea, and Bangladesh. The total data set comprises 90,635 subject exposures and includes individuals of all ages and both genders. Results are presented for hospital-based studies, laboratory studies, active surveillance of microfilaria-positive and microfilaria-negative individuals, and passive monitoring in both community-based studies and mass treatment programmes of individuals treated with albendazole (n = 1538), ivermectin (9822), DEC (576), albendazole + ivermectin (7470), albendazole + DEC (69,020), or placebo (1144). The most rigorous monitoring, which includes haematological and biochemical laboratory parameters pre- and post-treatment, provides no evidence that consistent changes are induced by any treatment; the majority of abnormalities appear to be sporadic, and the addition of albendazole to either ivermectin or DEC does not increase the frequency of abnormalities. Both DEC and ivermectin show, as expected, an adverse event profile compatible with the destruction of microfilariae. The addition of albendazole to either single-drug treatment regimen does not appear to increase the frequency or intensity of events seen with these microfilaricidal drugs when used alone. Direct observations indicated that the level of adverse events, both frequency and intensity, was correlated with the level of microfilaraemia. In non microfilaraemic individuals, who form 80-90% of the 'at risk' populations to be treated in most national public health programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF), the event profile with the compounds alone or in combination does not differ significantly from that of placebo. Data on the use of ivermectin + albendazole in areas either of double infection (onchocerciasis and LF), or of loiais (with or without concurrent LF) are still inadequate and further studies are needed. Additional data are also recommended for populations infected with Brugia malayi, since most data thus far derive from populations infected with Wuchereria bancrofti.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Horton
- Department of Therapeutics (Tropical Medicine), SmithKline Beecham International, Brentford, Mliddlesex, UK.
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Ismail MM, Jayakody RL, Weil GJ, Fernando D, De Silva MS, De Silva GA, Balasooriya WK. Long-term efficacy of single-dose combinations of albendazole, ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine for the treatment of bancroftian filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2001; 95:332-5. [PMID: 11491010 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(01)90257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In a 'blinded' trial (in Sri Lanka, 1996-98) of 47 male asymptomatic microfilaraemic subjects with Wuchereria bancrofti infection, the safety, tolerability and filaricidal efficacy of 3 single-dose combination regimens were compared: albendazole 400 mg with ivermectin 200 micrograms/kg, albendazole 400 mg with diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) 6 mg/kg or albendazole 600 mg with ivermectin 400 micrograms/kg. Treated subjects were followed-up for 24 months. This represents the first long-term study using combinations of albendazole with DEC or ivermectin in the above doses against bancroftian filariasis. All subjects had pre-treatment microfilaria (mf) counts over 100/mL. All 3 treatments significantly reduced mf counts, with the albendazole-DEC-treated group showing the lowest mf levels at 18 and 24 months post-treatment. Filarial antigen tests suggested that all 3 treatments had significant activity against adult W. bancrofti; albendazole-DEC combination had the greatest activity according to this test, with antigen levels decreasing to 30.5% of pre-treatment antigen levels, 24 months after therapy. All 3 treatments were clinically safe and well tolerated. These results suggest that a single dose of albendazole 400 mg together with DEC 6 mg/kg is a safe and effective combination for suppression of microfilaraemia of bancroftian filariasis that could be considered for use in filariasis control programmes based on mass treatment of endemic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ismail
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kynsey Road, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka.
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48
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methotrexate (MTX) is an antineoplastic agent widely used in low dose to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Its side effects can partly be explained by folate antagonism. Folinic acid (Leucovorin) is generally administered with MTX to decrease MTX-induced toxicity. However information regarding the inhibitory effect of folinic acid against cytogenetic damage caused by MTX is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the protective effect of folinic acid against MTX-genotoxicity. METHODS This study was done on Wistar albino rats and in patients with RA. Forty rats of both sexes were randomized into four equal groups and dosed in the following way: Group-I, distilled water vehicle; Group-II, 0.5 mg/kg folinic acid; Group-III, 0.5 mg/kg MTX; Group-IV, 0.5 mg/kg folinic acid plus 0.5 mg/kg MTX. Doses were given i.p., once daily for 8 consecutive days. A bone marrow chromosomal study and a micronucleus test were performed for each rat. Twenty patients with RA (5 males and 15 females) on a 10 mg weekly dose of MTX, i.m., for one month, were administered the same dose of MTX in addition to 10 mg of folinic acid as a single dose 4 hours after MTX administration, i.m., every week for another 4 weeks. Chromosomal studies as well as a micronucleus test were evaluated for each patient. RESULTS MTX produced a significant genetic injury as proved by the increased incidence of chromosomal aberration and micronuclei formation in Group-III animals. Inversely, folinic acid (group IV) produced a significant protection against genetic damages induced by MTX. In RA patients, folinic acid provides satisfactory improvement of MTX-induced genetic damage. CONCLUSION Folinic acid has a protective affect against MTX genotoxicity in human as well as in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Shahin
- Department of Rheumatology & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University.
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49
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Ismail MM, Cho KO, Ward LA, Saif LJ, Saif YM. Experimental bovine coronavirus in turkey poults and young chickens. Avian Dis 2001; 45:157-63. [PMID: 11332477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The DB2 calf strain of bovine coronavirus (BCV) was used to inoculate 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) turkey poults in three trials. In all trials, the birds developed clinical signs of enteritis at 48-72 hr postinoculation. Birds euthanatized at 3, 5, and 7 days postinoculation (DPI) had flaccid, pale intestines with watery contents, and the ceca were markedly enlarged with frothy contents. Coronavirus particles were detected by immune electron microscopy with BCV antibodies from the intestinal contents of birds killed at 3, 5, 7, and 12 DPI. Body weights of inoculated poults killed at 3, 5, and 7 DPI were significantly reduced as compared with controls. Hemagglutinating antibodies were detected in sera of convalescent birds at 12 DPI. However, experimental inoculation of 1-day-old SPF chicks in two trials with the same virus resulted in no clinical signs or macroscopic or microscopic lesions. No coronaviruses were detected from intestinal contents, and there were no significant differences in body weights of inoculated and noninoculated control chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ismail
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691, USA
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50
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Ismail MM. [Experimental corneal histological study after thermokeratoplasty with holmium laser]. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2000; 75:619-25. [PMID: 11151234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the histological results after application of LTK (Laser Thermal Keratoplasty). These changes explain the considerable regression of the refractive effect obtained. METHODS This is an experimental study in 25 eyes of albino rabbits after application of LTK, using the contralateral as a control. The histopathological evaluation was done at 12 hours, one week, one month, 3 months and 6 months of LTK spot application using various corneal stains. RESULTS At 12 hours there appears an intense intercellular edema and basophylia on the impact area, covering 100% of the stroma. After the first week a hyperplasia of the epithelium was found. At the first month there exists a gradual decrease of the basophylia, but the abnormal stromal structure remains. Over the third month, the collagen becomes acidophilous and with a laxer structure, thus showing the formation of new collagen. These changes remain constant at the 6th month. CONCLUSION The non-contact LTK induces an intense tissular damage associated to an inflammatory reaction, prior to the formation of new collagen tissue, changing the anatomic image of the cornea. These changes cause the regression of the effect produced by the holmium laser.
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