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Chaudhary N, Grover M. Bioindustrial applications of thermostable Endoglucanase purified from Trichoderma viride towards the conversion of agrowastes to value-added products. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 211:106324. [PMID: 37356677 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Importance of biocatalytic reactions and biotransformations mediated by fungal enzymes has increased tremendously in various industries. Endoglucanase obtained from Trichoderma viride has been utilized for bioconversion of agrowastes; wheat straw (WS) and corn stover (CS) as biomass into citric acid and single cell protein (SCP) as value-added products. The enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity with Mr:44.67 kDa; purification-fold, yield, specific activity to be 19.5-, 29.2%, and 150.4 Units.mg-1, respectively, with thermostability up to 70 °C. The enzyme showed a novel N-terminal peptide and its computational analysis revealed a conserved 'SG' amino acid sequence alike microbial cellulases. The experimental results have shown the potential of endoglucanase for the conversion of agrowastes; wheat straw (WS) and corn stover (CS) into citric acid, maximum yield (KgM-3) found in submerged (WS:50;CS:45) fermentation process. Single-cell protein (SCP) production in WS (68 KgM-3) hydrolysate was superior to both CS hydrolysate (60 KgM-3) and YEPD (standard medium) (58 KgM-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhee Chaudhary
- Centre of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India.
| | - Monendra Grover
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-IASRI, Library Avenue Pusa, New Delhi, India
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Das P, Grover M, Mishra DC, Guha Majumdar S, Shree B, Kumar S, Mir ZA, Chaturvedi KK, Bhardwaj SC, Singh AK, Rai A. Genome-wide identification and characterization of Puccinia striiformis-responsive lncRNAs in Triticum aestivum. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1120898. [PMID: 37650000 PMCID: PMC10465180 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1120898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Wheat stripe rust (yellow rust) caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is a serious biotic stress factor limiting wheat production worldwide. Emerging evidence demonstrates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in various developmental processes in plants via post-transcription regulation. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on a pair of near-isogenic lines-rust resistance line FLW29 and rust susceptible line PBW343-which differed only in the rust susceptibility trait. A total of 6,807 lncRNA transcripts were identified using bioinformatics analyses, among which 10 lncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed between resistance and susceptible lines. In order to find the target genes of the identified lncRNAs, their interactions with wheat microRNA (miRNAs) were predicted. A total of 199 lncRNAs showed interactions with 65 miRNAs, which further target 757 distinct mRNA transcripts. Moreover, detailed functional annotations of the target genes were used to identify the candidate genes, pathways, domains, families, and transcription factors that may be related to stripe rust resistance response in wheat plants. The NAC domain protein, disease resistance proteins RPP13 and RPM1, At1g58400, monodehydroascorbate reductase, NBS-LRR-like protein, rust resistance kinase Lr10-like, LRR receptor, serine/threonine-protein kinase, and cysteine proteinase are among the identified targets that are crucial for wheat stripe rust resistance. Semiquantitative PCR analysis of some of the differentially expressed lncRNAs revealed variations in expression profiles of two lncRNAs between the Pst-resistant and Pst-susceptible genotypes at least under one condition. Additionally, simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were also identified from wheat lncRNA sequences, which may be very useful for conducting targeted gene mapping studies of stripe rust resistance in wheat. These findings improved our understanding of the molecular mechanism responsible for the stripe rust disease that can be further utilized to develop wheat varieties with durable resistance to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinita Das
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Monendra Grover
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Bharti Shree
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Sundeep Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Mir
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Amit Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Rai
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Naitam MG, Ramakrishnan B, Grover M, Kaushik R. Rhizosphere-dwelling halophilic archaea: a potential candidate for alleviating salinity-associated stress in agriculture. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1212349. [PMID: 37564293 PMCID: PMC10410454 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1212349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a serious environmental factor that impedes crop growth and drastically reduces yield. This study aimed to investigate the potential of halophilic archaea isolated from the Rann of Kutch to alleviate the negative impact of salinity on crop growth and yield. The halophilic archaea, which demonstrated high tolerance to salinity levels up to 4.5 M, were evaluated for their ability to promote plant growth in both salt-tolerant and salt-susceptible wheat cultivars. Our assessment focused on their capacity to solubilize essential nutrients, including phosphorus (14-61 mg L-1), potassium (37-78 mg L-1), and zinc (8-17 mg L-1), as well as their production of the phytohormone IAA (17.30 to 49.3 μg ml-1). To conduct the experiments, five wheat cultivars (two salt-tolerant and three salt-susceptible) were grown in triplicates using soft MS agar tubes (50 ml) and pots containing 10 kg of soil with an electrical conductivity (EC) of 8 dSm-1. Data were collected at specific time points: 21 days after sowing (DAS) for the MS agar experiment, 45 DAS for the pot experiment, and at the time of harvest. In the presence of haloarchaea, the inoculated treatments exhibited significant increases in total protein (46%), sugar (27%), and chlorophyll (31%) levels compared to the un-inoculated control. Furthermore, the inoculation led to an elevated accumulation of osmolyte proline (31.51%) and total carbohydrates (27.85%) while substantially reducing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, catalase, and peroxidase by 57-76%, respectively. Notably, the inoculated treatments also showed improved plant vegetative growth parameters compared to the un-inoculated treatments. Interestingly, the positive effects of the halophilic archaea were more pronounced in the susceptible wheat cultivars than in the tolerant cultivars. These findings highlight the growth-promoting abilities of the halophilic archaeon Halolamina pelagica CDK2 and its potential to mitigate the detrimental effects of salinity. Consequently, further evaluation of this halophilic archaeon under field conditions is warranted to explore its potential use in the development of microbial inoculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur G. Naitam
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - B. Ramakrishnan
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Monendra Grover
- Center for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Kaushik
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Mir ZA, Chauhan D, Pradhan AK, Srivastava V, Sharma D, Budhlakoti N, Mishra DC, Jadon V, Sahu TK, Grover M, Gangwar OP, Kumar S, Bhardwaj SC, Padaria JC, Singh AK, Rai A, Singh GP, Kumar S. Comparative transcriptome profiling of near isogenic lines PBW343 and FLW29 to unravel defense related genes and pathways contributing to stripe rust resistance in wheat. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:169. [PMID: 37209309 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Stripe rust (Sr), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is the most devastating disease that poses serious threat to the wheat-growing nations across the globe. Developing resistant cultivars is the most challenging aspect in wheat breeding. The function of resistance genes (R genes) and the mechanisms by which they influence plant-host interactions are poorly understood. In the present investigation, comparative transcriptome analysis was carried out by involving two near-isogenic lines (NILs) PBW343 and FLW29. The seedlings of both the genotypes were inoculated with Pst pathotype 46S119. In total, 1106 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at early stage of infection (12 hpi), whereas expressions of 877 and 1737 DEGs were observed at later stages (48 and 72 hpi) in FLW29. The identified DEGs were comprised of defense-related genes including putative R genes, 7 WRKY transcriptional factors, calcium, and hormonal signaling associated genes. Moreover, pathways involved in signaling of receptor kinases, G protein, and light showed higher expression in resistant cultivar and were common across different time points. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to further confirm the transcriptional expression of eight critical genes involved in plant defense mechanism against stripe rust. The information about genes are likely to improve our knowledge of the genetic mechanism that controls the stripe rust resistance in wheat, and data on resistance response-linked genes and pathways will be a significant resource for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor Ahmad Mir
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Divya Chauhan
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Vivek Srivastava
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Divya Sharma
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Neeraj Budhlakoti
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Vasudha Jadon
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Tanmaya Kumar Sahu
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Monendra Grover
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Om Prakash Gangwar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Flowerdale, Shimla, Himachal, Pradesh, 171002, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Flowerdale, Shimla, Himachal, Pradesh, 171002, India
| | - S C Bhardwaj
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Flowerdale, Shimla, Himachal, Pradesh, 171002, India
| | - Jasdeep C Padaria
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anil Rai
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - G P Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sundeep Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Mann A, Kumar N, Kumar A, Lata C, Kumar A, Meena B, Gaba S, Grover M. De novo transcriptomic data of salt tolerant halophytes Dichnathium annulatum (Forssk.) stapf and Urochondra setulosa (Trin.) C.E.Hubb. Data Brief 2021; 39:107536. [PMID: 34805465 PMCID: PMC8581266 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Two halophytes, Dichanthium annulatum (moderately salt tolerant) and Urochondra setulosa (highly salt tolerant) were selected to generate transcriptome at different salinity levels. Sequencing of RNA samples was done on Illumina-Hi-Seq platform for de novo transcriptome assembly from the leaf tissues of D. annulatum at salinity of ECe ∼30 dS/m and of U. setulosa at three salt levels (i.e. ECe ∼30, ∼40 and ∼50 dS/m). DESeq was used for identification of differentially expressed transcripts and a total of 267,196 and 384,442 transcripts were assembled through Trinity in both the plants respectively. A total of 32,246 and 25,479 SSRs were identified respectively in both the plants using MISA perl script with mono and tri-nucleotide repeats as most common motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Mann
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Charu Lata
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - B.L. Meena
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Sonam Gaba
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, New Delhi 110011 India
| | - Monendra Grover
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, New Delhi 110011 India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the possible association between invasive fungal sinusitis (mucormycosis) and coronavirus disease. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care centre over four months, involving all patients with mucormycosis of the paranasal sinuses suffering from or having a history of coronavirus disease infection. RESULTS Twenty-three patients presented with mucormycosis, all had an association with coronavirus disease 2019. The ethmoids (100 per cent) were the most common sinuses affected. Intra-orbital extension was seen in 43.47 per cent of cases, while intracranial extension was only seen in 8.69 per cent. Diabetes mellitus was present in 21 of 23 cases, and was uncontrolled in 12 cases. All patients had a history of steroid use during their coronavirus treatment. CONCLUSION New manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 are appearing over time. The association between coronavirus and mucormycosis of the paranasal sinuses must be given serious consideration. Uncontrolled diabetes and over-zealous use of steroids are two main factors aggravating the illness, and both of these must be properly checked.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sharma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - M Grover
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - S Bhargava
- Department of Pathology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - S Samdani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - T Kataria
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
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Pradhan AK, Kumar S, Singh AK, Budhlakoti N, Mishra DC, Chauhan D, Mittal S, Grover M, Kumar S, Gangwar OP, Kumar S, Gupta A, Bhardwaj SC, Rai A, Singh K. Identification of QTLs/Defense Genes Effective at Seedling Stage Against Prevailing Races of Wheat Stripe Rust in India. Front Genet 2020; 11:572975. [PMID: 33329711 PMCID: PMC7728992 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.572975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance in modern wheat cultivars for stripe rust is not long lasting due to the narrow genetic base and periodical evolution of new pathogenic races. Though nearly 83 Yr genes conferring resistance to stripe rust have been cataloged so far, few of them have been mapped and utilized in breeding programs. Characterization of wheat germplasm for novel sources of resistance and their incorporation into elite cultivars is required to achieve durable resistance and thus to minimize the yield losses. Here, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed on a set of 391 germplasm lines with the aim to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) using 35K Axiom® array. Phenotypic evaluation disease severity against four stripe rust pathotypes, i.e., 46S119, 110S119, 238S119, and 47S103 (T) at the seedling stage in a greenhouse providing optimal conditions was carried out consecutively for 2 years (2018 and 2019 winter season). We identified, a total of 17 promising QTl which passed FDR criteria. Moreover these 17 QTL identified in the current study were mapped at different genomic locations i.e. 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4B, 5B and 6B. These 17 QTLs identified in the present study might play a key role in marker-assisted breeding for developing stripe rust resistant wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Kumar Pradhan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Sundeep Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeraj Budhlakoti
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Dwijesh C Mishra
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Chauhan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Mittal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Monendra Grover
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Suneel Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Om P Gangwar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Regional Station, Shimla, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Regional Station, Shimla, India
| | - Arun Gupta
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Subhash C Bhardwaj
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Regional Station, Shimla, India
| | - Anil Rai
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
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Ashok Kumar J, Vinaya Kumar K, Avunje S, Akhil V, Ashok S, Kumar S, Sivamani B, Grover M, Rai A, Alavandi SV, Vijayan KK. Phylogenetic Relationship Among Brackishwater Vibrio Species. Evol Bioinform Online 2020; 16:1176934320903288. [PMID: 32214789 PMCID: PMC7065438 DOI: 10.1177/1176934320903288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibriosis is regarded as an important disease of penaeid shrimps affecting larvae
in hatcheries. Among the Vibrio species, Vibrio
parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio furnissii, Vibrio campbellii,
Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Vibrio
anguillarum are often associated with diseases in finfish and
shellfish of brackishwater ecosystem. Accurate species differentiating methods
for the organisms present in an ecosystem are required for precise
classification of the species and to take steps for their management.
Conventional methods like 16s rRNA phylogeny and multilocus sequence typing
(MLST) have often failed to correctly identify Vibrio species.
This has necessitated a comprehensive investigation on methodologies available
to distinguish Vibrio species associated with brackishwater
aquaculture system. To achieve this, 35 whole genomes belonging to 7
Vibrio species were subjected to phylogenetic analysis
based on 16s rRNA gene, MLST genes, single-copy orthologous genes, and
single-nucleotide polymorphisms. In addition, genome-based similarity indices
like average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH)
were computed as confirmatory tests to verify the phylogenetic relations. There
were some misclassifications occurred regarding phylogenetic relations based on
16s rRNA genes and MLST genes, while phylogeny with single-copy orthologous
genes produced accurate species-level clustering. Study reveals that the species
identification based on whole genome-based estimates or genome-wide variants are
more precise than the ones done with single or subset of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ashok Kumar
- Nutrition Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, India
| | - K Vinaya Kumar
- Nutrition Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, India
| | - S Avunje
- Aquatic Animal Health and Environment Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, India
| | - V Akhil
- Nutrition Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, India
| | - S Ashok
- Nutrition Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, India
| | - Sujeet Kumar
- Aquatic Animal Health and Environment Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, India
| | - B Sivamani
- Nutrition Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, India
| | - Monendra Grover
- Center for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Rai
- Center for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - S V Alavandi
- Aquatic Animal Health and Environment Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, India
| | - K K Vijayan
- Nutrition Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, India
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Singh AK, Singh N, Kumar S, Kumari J, Singh R, Gaba S, Yadav MC, Grover M, Chaurasia S, Kumar R. Identification and evolutionary analysis of polycistronic miRNA clusters in domesticated and wild wheat. Genomics 2020; 112:2334-2348. [PMID: 31926215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are ~22 nucleotide long non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional level. Genome-wide analysis was performed to identify polycistronic miRNAs from wheat. Total 89 polycistronic miRNAs were identified in bread wheat which were distributed on three component sub-genomes (A = 26, B = 33 and D = 30). Except some, most of the identified polycistronic miRNAs were also present in other cultivated and wild wheat species. Expression of 11 identified polycistronic miRNAs could be validated using previously assembled transcriptomes, RNA-seq/s-RNA seq data of cultivated and wild wheats and RT-PCR. Polycistronic miRNAs orthologs were also localized on rice and Brachypodium genomes. As a case study, we also analyzed molecular evolution of miR395 family polycistrons in wheat. Both tandem and segmental duplications contributed to expansion of miR395 family polycistrons. Our findings provide a comprehensive view on wheat polycitronic miRNAs that will enable their in-depth functional analysis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singh
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sundeep Kumar
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Jyoti Kumari
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sonam Gaba
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Mahesh C Yadav
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Monendra Grover
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Shiksha Chaurasia
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
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Kumar RR, Singh K, Ahuja S, Tasleem M, Singh I, Kumar S, Grover M, Mishra D, Rai GK, Goswami S, Singh GP, Chinnusamy V, Rai A, Praveen S. Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals novel stress-associated active proteins (SAAPs) and pathways involved in modulating tolerance of wheat under terminal heat. Funct Integr Genomics 2018; 19:329-348. [PMID: 30465139 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-018-0648-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Terminal heat stress has detrimental effect on the growth and yield of wheat. Very limited information is available on heat stress-associated active proteins (SAAPs) in wheat. Here, we have identified 159 protein groups with 4271 SAAPs in control (22 ± 3 °C) and HS-treated (38 °C, 2 h) wheat cvs. HD2985 and HD2329 using iTRAQ. We identified 3600 proteins to be upregulated and 5825 proteins to be downregulated in both the wheat cvs. under HS. We observed 60.3% of the common SAAPs showing upregulation in HD2985 (thermotolerant) and downregulation in HD2329 (thermosusceptible) under HS. GO analysis showed proton transport (molecular), photosynthesis (biological), and ATP binding (cellular) to be most altered under HS. Most of the SAAPs identified were observed to be chloroplast localized and involved in photosynthesis. Carboxylase enzyme was observed most abundant active enzymes in wheat under HS. An increase in the degradative isoenzymes (α/β-amylases) was observed, as compared to biosynthesis enzymes (ADP-glucophosphorylase, soluble starch synthase, etc.) under HS. Transcript profiling showed very high relative fold expression of HSP17, CDPK, Cu/Zn SOD, whereas downregulation of AGPase, SSS under HS. The identified SAAPs can be used for targeted protein-based precision wheat-breeding program for the development of 'climate-smart' wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet R Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Khushboo Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sumedha Ahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Mohd Tasleem
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Indra Singh
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute (IASRI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute (IASRI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Monendra Grover
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute (IASRI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Dwijesh Mishra
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute (IASRI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Gyanendra K Rai
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agriculture Science and Technology, Chatta, Jammu and Kashmir, 180009, India
| | - Suneha Goswami
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Gyanendra P Singh
- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anil Rai
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute (IASRI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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11
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Meher PK, Sahu TK, Mohanty J, Gahoi S, Purru S, Grover M, Rao AR. nifPred: Proteome-Wide Identification and Categorization of Nitrogen-Fixation Proteins of Diaztrophs Based on Composition-Transition-Distribution Features Using Support Vector Machine. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1100. [PMID: 29896173 PMCID: PMC5986947 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As inorganic nitrogen compounds are essential for basic building blocks of life (e.g., nucleotides and amino acids), the role of biological nitrogen-fixation (BNF) is indispensible. All nitrogen fixing microbes rely on the same nitrogenase enzyme for nitrogen reduction, which is in fact an enzyme complex consists of as many as 20 genes. However, the occurrence of six genes viz., nifB, nifD, nifE, nifH, nifK, and nifN has been proposed to be essential for a functional nitrogenase enzyme. Therefore, identification of these genes is important to understand the mechanism of BNF as well as to explore the possibilities for improving BNF from agricultural sustainability point of view. Further, though the computational tools are available for the annotation and phylogenetic analysis of nifH gene sequences alone, to the best of our knowledge no tool is available for the computational prediction of the above mentioned six categories of nitrogen-fixation (nif) genes or proteins. Thus, we proposed an approach, which is first of its kind for the computational identification of nif proteins encoded by the six categories of nif genes. Sequence-derived features were employed to map the input sequences into vectors of numeric observations that were subsequently fed to the support vector machine as input. Two types of classifier were constructed: (i) a binary classifier for classification of nif and non-nitrogen-fixation (non-nif) proteins, and (ii) a multi-class classifier for classification of six categories of nif proteins. Higher accuracies were observed for the combination of composition-transition-distribution (CTD) feature set and radial kernel, as compared to the other feature-kernel combinations. The overall accuracies were observed >90% in both binary and multi-class classifications. The developed approach further achieved >92% accuracy, while evaluated with blind (independent) test datasets. The developed approach also produced higher accuracy in identifying nif proteins, while evaluated using proteome-wide datasets of several species. Furthermore, we established a prediction server nifPred (http://webapp.cabgrid.res.in/nifPred) to assist the scientific community for proteome-wide identification of six categories of nif proteins. Besides, the source code of nifPred is also available at https://github.com/PrabinaMeher/nifPred. The developed web server is expected to supplement the transcriptional profiling and comparative genomics studies for the identification and functional annotation of genes related to BNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabina K Meher
- Division of Statistical Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanmaya K Sahu
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyotilipsa Mohanty
- Division of Statistical Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India.,Department of Bioinformatics, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shachi Gahoi
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Supriya Purru
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Monendra Grover
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Atmakuri R Rao
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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12
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Kumar RR, Goswami S, Singh K, Dubey K, Rai GK, Singh B, Singh S, Grover M, Mishra D, Kumar S, Bakshi S, Rai A, Pathak H, Chinnusamy V, Praveen S. Characterization of novel heat-responsive transcription factor (TaHSFA6e) gene involved in regulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) - A key member of heat stress-tolerance network of wheat. J Biotechnol 2018; 279:1-12. [PMID: 29746879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress has an adverse effect on the quality and quantity of agriculturally important crops, especially wheat. The tolerance mechanism has not been explored much in wheat and very few genes/ TFs responsive to heat stress is available on public domain. Here, we identified, cloned and characterized a putative TaHSFA6e TF gene of 1.3 kb from wheat cv. HD2985. We observed an ORF of 368 aa with Hsf DNA binding signature domain in the amino acid sequence. Single copy number of TaHSFA6e was observed integrated in the genome of wheat. Expression analysis of TaHSFA6e under differential HS showed maximum transcripts in wheat cv. Halna (thermotolerant) in response to 38 °C for 2 h during pollination and grain-filling stages, as compared to PBW343, HD2329 and HD2985. Putative target genes of TaHSFA6e (HSP17, HSP70 and HSP90) showed upregulation in response to differential HS (30 & 38 °C, 2 h) during pollination and grain-filling stages. Small HSP17 was observed most triggered in Halna under HS. We observed increase in the catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and decrease in the lipid peroxidation in thermotolerant cvs. (Halna, HD2985), as compared to thermosusceptible (PBW343, HD2329) under differential HS. Multiple stresses (heat - 38 °C, 2 h, and drought - 100 mL of 20% polyethylene Glycol 6000) during seedling stage of wheat showed positive correlation between the expression of TaHSFA6e, putative targets (HSP70, HSP90, HSP17) and TAC. Halna (thermotolerant) performed better, as compared to other contrasting cvs. TaHSFA6e TF can be used as promising candidate gene for manipulating the heat stress-tolerance network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet R Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Suneha Goswami
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Khushboo Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kavita Dubey
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Gyanendra K Rai
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Science and Technology, Chatta, Jammu and Kashmir, 180009, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shivdhar Singh
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Monendra Grover
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, ICAR, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Dwijesh Mishra
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, ICAR, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, ICAR, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Suman Bakshi
- Department of Atomic Energy, Babha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Anil Rai
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, ICAR, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Himanshu Pathak
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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13
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Hasler WL, May KP, Wilson LA, Van Natta M, Parkman HP, Pasricha PJ, Koch KL, Abell TL, McCallum RW, Nguyen LA, Snape WJ, Sarosiek I, Clarke JO, Farrugia G, Calles-Escandon J, Grover M, Tonascia J, Lee LA, Miriel L, Hamilton FA. Relating gastric scintigraphy and symptoms to motility capsule transit and pressure findings in suspected gastroparesis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:10.1111/nmo.13196. [PMID: 28872760 PMCID: PMC6004323 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wireless motility capsule (WMC) findings are incompletely defined in suspected gastroparesis. We aimed to characterize regional WMC transit and contractility in relation to scintigraphy, etiology, and symptoms in patients undergoing gastric emptying testing. METHODS A total of 209 patients with gastroparesis symptoms at NIDDK Gastroparesis Consortium centers underwent gastric scintigraphy and WMCs on separate days to measure regional transit and contractility. Validated questionnaires quantified symptoms. KEY RESULTS Solid scintigraphy and liquid scintigraphy were delayed in 68.8% and 34.8% of patients; WMC gastric emptying times (GET) were delayed in 40.3% and showed 52.8% agreement with scintigraphy; 15.5% and 33.5% had delayed small bowel (SBTT) and colon transit (CTT) times. Transit was delayed in ≥2 regions in 23.3%. Rapid transit was rarely observed. Diabetics had slower GET but more rapid SBTT versus idiopathics (P ≤ .02). GET delays related to greater scintigraphic retention, slower SBTT, and fewer gastric contractions (P ≤ .04). Overall gastroparesis symptoms and nausea/vomiting, early satiety/fullness, bloating/distention, and upper abdominal pain subscores showed no relation to WMC transit. Upper and lower abdominal pain scores (P ≤ .03) were greater with increased colon contractions. Constipation correlated with slower CTT and higher colon contractions (P = .03). Diarrhea scores were higher with delayed SBTT and CTT (P ≤ .04). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Wireless motility capsules define gastric emptying delays similar but not identical to scintigraphy that are more severe in diabetics and relate to reduced gastric contractility. Extragastric transit delays occur in >40% with suspected gastroparesis. Gastroparesis symptoms show little association with WMC profiles, although lower symptoms relate to small bowel or colon abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Hasler
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K P May
- Data Coordinating Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L A Wilson
- Data Coordinating Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Van Natta
- Data Coordinating Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H P Parkman
- Section of Gastroenterology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P J Pasricha
- Section of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K L Koch
- Section on Gastroenterology, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - T L Abell
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - R W McCallum
- Section of Gastroenterology, Texas Tech University, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - L A Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - W J Snape
- Division of Gastroenterology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - I Sarosiek
- Section of Gastroenterology, Texas Tech University, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - J O Clarke
- Division of Gastroenterology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - G Farrugia
- Section of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J Calles-Escandon
- Endocrinology Section, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M Grover
- Section of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J Tonascia
- Data Coordinating Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L A Lee
- Section of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University Data Coordinating Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L Miriel
- Data Coordinating Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - F A Hamilton
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
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14
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Grover M, Bernard CE, Pasricha PJ, Parkman HP, Gibbons SJ, Tonascia J, Koch KL, McCallum RW, Sarosiek I, Hasler WL, Nguyen LAB, Abell TL, Snape WJ, Kendrick ML, Kellogg TA, Hamilton FA, Farrugia G. Diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis is associated with loss of CD206-positive macrophages in the gastric antrum. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29:10.1111/nmo.13018. [PMID: 28066953 PMCID: PMC5423829 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal studies have increasingly highlighted the role of macrophages in the development of delayed gastric emptying. However, their role in the pathophysiology of human gastroparesis is unclear. Our aim was to determine changes in macrophages and other cell types in the gastric antrum muscularis propria of patients with diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis. METHODS Full thickness gastric antrum biopsies were obtained from patients enrolled in the Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium (11 diabetic, 6 idiopathic) and 5 controls. Immunolabeling and quantitative assessment was done for interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) (Kit), enteric nerves protein gene product 9.5, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, tyrosine hydroxylase), overall immune cells (CD45) and anti-inflammatory macrophages (CD206). Gastric emptying was assessed using nuclear medicine scintigraphy and symptom severity using the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index. RESULTS Both diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis patients showed loss of ICC as compared to controls (Mean [standard error of mean]/hpf: diabetic, 2.28 [0.16]; idiopathic, 2.53 [0.47]; controls, 6.05 [0.62]; P=.004). Overall immune cell population (CD45) was unchanged but there was a loss of anti-inflammatory macrophages (CD206) in circular muscle (diabetic, 3.87 [0.32]; idiopathic, 4.16 [0.52]; controls, 6.59 [1.09]; P=.04) and myenteric plexus (diabetic, 3.83 [0.27]; idiopathic, 3.59 [0.68]; controls, 7.46 [0.51]; P=.004). There was correlation between the number of ICC and CD206-positive cells (r=.55, P=.008). Enteric nerves (PGP9.5) were unchanged: diabetic, 33.64 (3.45); idiopathic, 41.26 (6.40); controls, 46.80 (6.04). CONCLUSION Loss of antral CD206-positive anti-inflammatory macrophages is a key feature in human gastroparesis and it is associates with ICC loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grover
- Mayo Clinic, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - CE Bernard
- Mayo Clinic, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - PJ Pasricha
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - HP Parkman
- Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - SJ Gibbons
- Mayo Clinic, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J Tonascia
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - KL Koch
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | - WL Hasler
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - TL Abell
- University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - WJ Snape
- California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - ML Kendrick
- Mayo Clinic, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - TA Kellogg
- Mayo Clinic, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - FA Hamilton
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - G Farrugia
- Mayo Clinic, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Rochester, MN, USA
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15
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Peters S, Edogawa S, Sundt W, Dyer R, Dalenberg D, Mazzone A, Singh R, Moses N, Weber C, Linden DR, MacNaughton WK, Turner JR, Camilleri M, Katzka D, Farrugia G, Grover M, Grover M. Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Females Have Normal Colonic Barrier and Secretory Function. Am J Gastroenterol 2017; 112:913-923. [PMID: 28323272 PMCID: PMC5502210 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine whether constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) is associated with changes in intestinal barrier and secretory function. METHODS A total of 19 IBS-C patients and 18 healthy volunteers (all females) underwent saccharide excretion assay (0.1 g 13C mannitol and 1 g lactulose), measurements of duodenal and colonic mucosal barrier (transmucosal resistance (TMR), macromolecular and Escherichia coli Bio-Particle translocation), mucosal secretion (basal and acetylcholine (Ach)-evoked short-circuit current (Isc)), in vivo duodenal mucosal impedance, circulating endotoxins, and colonic tight junction gene expression. RESULTS There were no differences in the in vivo measurements of barrier function between IBS-C patients and healthy controls: cumulative excretion of 13C mannitol (0-2 h mean (s.e.m.); IBS-C: 12.1 (0.9) mg vs. healthy: 13.2 (0.8) mg) and lactulose (8-24 h; IBS-C: 0.9 (0.5) mg vs. healthy: 0.5 (0.2) mg); duodenal impedance IBS-C: 729 (65) Ω vs. healthy: 706 (43) Ω; plasma mean endotoxin activity level IBS-C: 0.36 (0.03) vs. healthy: 0.35 (0.02); and in colonic mRNA expression of occludin, zonula occludens (ZO) 1-3, and claudins 1-12 and 14-19. The ex vivo findings were consistent, with no group differences: duodenal TMR (IBS-C: 28.2 (1.9) Ω cm2 vs. healthy: 29.8 (1.9) Ω cm2) and colonic TMR (IBS-C: 19.1 (1.1) Ω cm2 vs. healthy: 17.6 (1.7) Ω cm2); fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran (4 kDa) and E. coli Bio-Particle flux. Colonic basal Isc was similar, but duodenal basal Isc was lower in IBS-C (43.5 (4.5) μA cm-2) vs. healthy (56.9 (4.9) μA cm-2), P=0.05. Ach-evoked ΔIsc was similar. CONCLUSIONS Females with IBS-C have normal colonic barrier and secretory function. Basal duodenal secretion is decreased in IBS-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peters
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S Edogawa
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - W Sundt
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - R Dyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D Dalenberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A Mazzone
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - R Singh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - N Moses
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C Weber
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - DR Linden
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - WK MacNaughton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - JR Turner
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Camilleri
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D Katzka
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - G Farrugia
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Madhusudan Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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16
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Grover M, Bhatnagar N. Using social media for better guesstimation of size of a chikungunya outbreak: A mixed methods study. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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17
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Wadhwa A, AlNahhas MF, Dierkhising R, Patel R, Kashyap P, Pardi D, Khanna S, Grover M. High risk of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome in patients with Clostridium difficile infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44:576-82. [PMID: 27444134 PMCID: PMC4982831 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious enteritis is a commonly identified risk factor for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is on the rise. However, there is limited information on post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS) development following CDI and the host- and infection-related risk factors are not known. AIM To determine the incidence and risk factors for PI-IBS following CDI. METHODS A total of 684 cases of CDI identified from September 2012 to November 2013 were surveyed. Participants completed the Rome III IBS questionnaire and details on the CDI episode. Predictive modelling was done using logistic regression to evaluate risk factors for PI-IBS development. RESULTS A total of 315 CDI cases responded (46% response rate) and 205 were at-risk (no pre-CDI IBS) for PI-IBS development. A total of 52/205 (25%) met the Rome III criteria for IBS ≥6 months following CDI. IBS-mixed was most common followed by IBS-diarrhoea. In comparison to those without subsequent PI-IBS, greater percentage of PI-IBS patients had CDI symptoms >7 days, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain during CDI, anxiety and a higher BMI. Using logistic regression, CDI symptoms >7 days [Odds ratio (OR): 2.96, P = 0.01], current anxiety (OR: 1.33, P < 0.0001) and a higher BMI (OR: 1.08, P = 0.004) were independently associated with PI-IBS development; blood in the stool during CDI was protective (OR: 0.44, P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort study, new-onset IBS is common after CDI. Longer CDI duration, current anxiety and higher BMI are associated with the diagnosis of C. difficile PI-IBS. This chronic sequela should be considered during active management and follow-up of patients with CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Wadhwa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - MF. AlNahhas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - R. Dierkhising
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - R. Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - P. Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - D. Pardi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - S. Khanna
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - M. Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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18
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Kumar RR, Goswami S, Singh K, Dubey K, Singh S, Sharma R, Verma N, Kala YK, Rai GK, Grover M, Mishra DC, Singh B, Pathak H, Chinnusamy V, Rai A, Praveen S. Identification of Putative RuBisCo Activase (TaRca1)-The Catalytic Chaperone Regulating Carbon Assimilatory Pathway in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) under the Heat Stress. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:986. [PMID: 27462325 PMCID: PMC4940427 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
RuBisCo activase (Rca) is a catalytic chaperone involved in modulating the activity of RuBisCo (key enzyme of photosynthetic pathway). Here, we identified eight novel transcripts from wheat through data mining predicted to be Rca and cloned a transcript of 1.4 kb from cv. HD2985, named as TaRca1 (GenBank acc. no. KC776912). Single copy number of TaRca1 was observed in wheat genome. Expression analysis in diverse wheat genotypes (HD2985, Halna, PBW621, and HD2329) showed very high relative expression of TaRca1 in Halna under control and HS-treated, as compared to other cultivars at different stages of growth. TaRca1 protein was predicted to be chloroplast-localized with numerous potential phosphorylation sites. Northern blot analysis showed maximum accumulation of TaRca1 transcript in thermotolerant cv. during mealy-ripe stage, as compared to thermosusceptible. Decrease in the photosynthetic parameters was observed in all the cultivars, except PBW621 in response to HS. We observed significant increase in the Rca activity in all the cultivars under HS at different stages of growth. HS causes decrease in the RuBisCo activity; maximum reduction was observed during pollination stage in thermosusceptible cvs. as validated through immunoblotting. We observed uniform carbon distribution in different tissues of thermotolerant cvs., as compared to thermosusceptible. Similarly, tolerance level of leaf was observed maximum in Halna having high Rca activity under HS. A positive correlation was observed between the transcript and activity of TaRca1 in HS-treated Halna. Similarly, TaRca1 enzyme showed positive correlation with the activity of RuBisCo. There is, however, need to manipulate the thermal stability of TaRca1 enzyme through protein engineering for sustaining the photosynthetic rate under HS-a novel approach toward development of "climate-smart" crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet R. Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Suneha Goswami
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Khushboo Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Kavita Dubey
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Renu Sharma
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Neeraj Verma
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Yugal K. Kala
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Gyanendra K. Rai
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyJammu, India
| | - Monendra Grover
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Dwijesh C. Mishra
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Nuclear Research Laboratory, Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Himanshu Pathak
- Center for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Anil Rai
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
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Faubion WA, Camilleri M, Murray JA, Kelly P, Amadi B, Kosek MN, Enders F, Larson J, Grover M, Boe G, Dyer R, Singh R. Improving the detection of environmental enteric dysfunction: a lactulose, rhamnose assay of intestinal permeability in children aged under 5 years exposed to poor sanitation and hygiene. BMJ Glob Health 2016; 1:e000066. [PMID: 28588929 PMCID: PMC5321325 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an asymptomatic intestinal disorder affecting populations living in conditions of poor sanitation and hygiene. The study tested intestinal barrier function in infants with EED. Methods We prospectively studied an advanced high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry assay of urine collected after oral intake of the monosaccharide, L-rhamnose and the disaccharide, lactulose, in 112 children from three continents. Findings Compared to the US cohort (n=27), the cohorts of children from Peru (n=19) and Zambia (n=85) were older with evidence of growth impairment. The median (range) of age (months) was 8.0 (2.0 to 13.0), 27.0 (15.0 to 29.0) and 21.0 (12.0 to 36.0), respectively. The median (range) of height for age Z score was −0.1 (−1.8 to 2.4), −1.8 (−3.3 to −0.2) and −2.3 (−8.5 to 1.2), respectively. Among children with valid sugar data (n=22 USA, n=19 Peru, n=73 Zambia), there were no significant differences in the median rhamnose urine concentrations between the three groups. The median (range) lactulose concentration (µg/mL) was 6.78 (0.29 to 31.90), 47.60 (4.23 to 379.00) and 75.40 (0.67 to 873.00) in the US, Peruvian and Zambian cohorts, respectively (p<0.001). The lactulose/rhamnose ratio (LRR) was higher in cohorts from Peru (0.75, 0.15, 5.02) and Zambia (2.26, 0.08, 14.48) compared to the US (0.14, 0.06, 1.00) cohort (p<0.001). In a multivariate effect modification model, higher weight-for-age z scores were associated with lower post-dose lactulose when rhamnose excretion was constant (p=0.003). Conclusions This non-invasive two saccharide permeability protocol measures changes in intestinal permeability in children with EED and permits the identification of individuals for interventional trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Faubion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - M Camilleri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - J A Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - P Kelly
- Queen Mary, University of London, University of Zambia School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - B Amadi
- Queen Mary, University of London, University of Zambia School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - M N Kosek
- Department of International Health, John's Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - F Enders
- Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - J Larson
- Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - G Boe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - R Dyer
- Immunochemical Core Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - R Singh
- Immunochemical Core Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Grover M, Bhatnagar N, Kotwal A, Chauhan H. Lessons learnt from a recent Ebola virus outbreak: A scoping study. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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21
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Grover M, Talley NJ. Antibiotics and onset of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:451. [PMID: 26891063 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - N J Talley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Vats G, Grover M, Singh A, Chandra N, Pandey N, Rai A. Role of palmitoylation and nitration in modification of large number of proteins associated with drought stress in plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5958/2394-448x.2016.00010.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Goswami S, Kumar RR, Dubey K, Singh JP, Tiwari S, Kumar A, Smita S, Mishra DC, Kumar S, Grover M, Padaria JC, Kala YK, Singh GP, Pathak H, Chinnusamy V, Rai A, Praveen S, Rai RD. SSH Analysis of Endosperm Transcripts and Characterization of Heat Stress Regulated Expressed Sequence Tags in Bread Wheat. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1230. [PMID: 27582756 PMCID: PMC4988357 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the major problems in agriculturally important cereal crops, especially wheat. Here, we have constructed a subtracted cDNA library from the endosperm of HS-treated (42°C for 2 h) wheat cv. HD2985 by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). We identified ~550 recombinant clones ranging from 200 to 500 bp with an average size of 300 bp. Sanger's sequencing was performed with 205 positive clones to generate the differentially expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Most of the ESTs were observed to be localized on the long arm of chromosome 2A and associated with heat stress tolerance and metabolic pathways. Identified ESTs were BLAST search using Ensemble, TriFLD, and TIGR databases and the predicted CDS were translated and aligned with the protein sequences available in pfam and InterProScan 5 databases to predict the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). We observed eight different types of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the DEPs corresponds to the cloned ESTs-147 sites with phosphorylation, 21 sites with sumoylation, 237 with palmitoylation, 96 sites with S-nitrosylation, 3066 calpain cleavage sites, and 103 tyrosine nitration sites, predicted to sense the heat stress and regulate the expression of stress genes. Twelve DEPs were observed to have transmembrane helixes (TMH) in their structure, predicted to play the role of sensors of HS. Quantitative Real-Time PCR of randomly selected ESTs showed very high relative expression of HSP17 under HS; up-regulation was observed more in wheat cv. HD2985 (thermotolerant), as compared to HD2329 (thermosusceptible) during grain-filling. The abundance of transcripts was further validated through northern blot analysis. The ESTs and their corresponding DEPs can be used as molecular marker for screening or targeted precision breeding program. PTMs identified in the DEPs can be used to elucidate the thermotolerance mechanism of wheat-a novel step toward the development of "climate-smart" wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneha Goswami
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Suneha Goswami
| | - Ranjeet R. Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
- Ranjeet R. Kumar
| | - Kavita Dubey
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti P. Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Sachidanand Tiwari
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Shuchi Smita
- Centre for Agricultural Bio-Informatics, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Dwijesh C. Mishra
- Centre for Agricultural Bio-Informatics, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Centre for Agricultural Bio-Informatics, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Monendra Grover
- Centre for Agricultural Bio-Informatics, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | | | - Yugal K. Kala
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Gyanendra P. Singh
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Himanshu Pathak
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | | | - Anil Rai
- Centre for Agricultural Bio-Informatics, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Raj D. Rai
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
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Grover M. Conservation of Properties of Outer Membranes Protein across Host Genera of Pasteurella multocida Suggests Common Mechanism of Action. Mol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.4172/2168-9547.1000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kumar RR, Goswami S, Sharma SK, Kala YK, Rai GK, Mishra DC, Grover M, Singh GP, Pathak H, Rai A, Chinnusamy V, Rai RD. Harnessing Next Generation Sequencing in Climate Change: RNA-Seq Analysis of Heat Stress-Responsive Genes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). OMICS 2015; 19:632-47. [PMID: 26406536 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Wheat is a staple food worldwide and provides 40% of the calories in the diet. Climate change and global warming pose a threat to wheat production, however, and demand a deeper understanding of how heat stress might impact wheat production and wheat biology. However, it is difficult to identify novel heat stress associated genes when the genomic information is not available. Wheat has a very large and complex genome that is about 37 times the size of the rice genome. The present study sequenced the whole transcriptome of the wheat cv. HD2329 at the flowering stage, under control (22°±3°C) and heat stress (42°C, 2 h) conditions using Illumina HiSeq and Roche GS-FLX 454 platforms. We assembled more than 26.3 and 25.6 million high-quality reads from the control and HS-treated tissues transcriptome sequences respectively. About 76,556 (control) and 54,033 (HS-treated) contigs were assembled and annotated de novo using different assemblers and a total of 21,529 unigenes were obtained. Gene expression profile showed significant differential expression of 1525 transcripts under heat stress, of which 27 transcripts showed very high (>10) fold upregulation. Cellular processes such as metabolic processes, protein phosphorylation, oxidations-reductions, among others were highly influenced by heat stress. In summary, these observations significantly enrich the transcript dataset of wheat available on public domain and show a de novo approach to discover the heat-responsive transcripts of wheat, which can accelerate the progress of wheat stress-genomics as well as the course of wheat breeding programs in the era of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet R Kumar
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi, India
| | - Suneha Goswami
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi, India
| | - Sushil K Sharma
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi, India
| | - Yugal K Kala
- 2 Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi, India
| | - Gyanendra K Rai
- 3 Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Jammu, India
| | - Dwijesh C Mishra
- 4 Centre for Agricultural Bio-Informatics (CAB-in), Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI) , New Delhi, India
| | - Monendra Grover
- 4 Centre for Agricultural Bio-Informatics (CAB-in), Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI) , New Delhi, India
| | | | - Himanshu Pathak
- 6 Division of CESCRA, Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Rai
- 4 Centre for Agricultural Bio-Informatics (CAB-in), Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI) , New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- 7 Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi, India
| | - Raj D Rai
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi, India
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Sengupta A, Grover M, Chakraborty A, Saxena S. HEPNet: A Knowledge Base Model of Human Energy Pool Network for Predicting the Energy Availability Status of an Individual. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127918. [PMID: 26053019 PMCID: PMC4460090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HEPNet is an electronic representation of metabolic reactions occurring within human cellular organization focusing on inflow and outflow of the energy currency ATP, GTP and other energy associated moieties. The backbone of HEPNet consists of primary bio-molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats which ultimately constitute the chief source for the synthesis and obliteration of energy currencies in a cell. A series of biochemical pathways and reactions constituting the catabolism and anabolism of various metabolites are portrayed through cellular compartmentalization. The depicted pathways function synchronously toward an overarching goal of producing ATP and other energy associated moieties to bring into play a variety of cellular functions. HEPNet is manually curated with raw data from experiments and is also connected to KEGG and Reactome databases. This model has been validated by simulating it with physiological states like fasting, starvation, exercise and disease conditions like glycaemia, uremia and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency (DLDD). The results clearly indicate that ATP is the master regulator under different metabolic conditions and physiological states. The results also highlight that energy currencies play a minor role. However, the moiety creatine phosphate has a unique character, since it is a ready-made source of phosphoryl groups for the rapid synthesis of ATP from ADP. HEPNet provides a framework for further expanding the network diverse age groups of both the sexes, followed by the understanding of energetics in more complex metabolic pathways that are related to human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, U.P., India
| | - Monendra Grover
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics (CABin), Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI), ICAR, New Delhi, India
| | - Amlan Chakraborty
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, U.P., India
| | - Sarika Saxena
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, U.P., India
- * E-mail:
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27
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Grover M. Conservation of Properties of Outer Membranes Protein across Host Genera of Pasteurella multocida Suggests Common Mechanism of Action. Mol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.4172/2168-9547.1000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Halophilic archaea/bacteria adapt to different salt concentration, namely extreme, moderate and low. These type of adaptations may occur as a result of modification of protein structure and other changes in different cell organelles. Thus proteins may play an important role in the adaptation of halophilic archaea/bacteria to saline conditions. The Halophile protein database (HProtDB) is a systematic attempt to document the biochemical and biophysical properties of proteins from halophilic archaea/bacteria which may be involved in adaptation of these organisms to saline conditions. In this database, various physicochemical properties such as molecular weight, theoretical pI, amino acid composition, atomic composition, estimated half-life, instability index, aliphatic index and grand average of hydropathicity (Gravy) have been listed. These physicochemical properties play an important role in identifying the protein structure, bonding pattern and function of the specific proteins. This database is comprehensive, manually curated, non-redundant catalogue of proteins. The database currently contains 59 897 proteins properties extracted from 21 different strains of halophilic archaea/bacteria. The database can be accessed through link. Database URL: http://webapp.cabgrid.res.in/protein/
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Sharma
- Center for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Mohammad Samir Farooqi
- Center for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi
- Center for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Lal
- Center for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Monendra Grover
- Center for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Anil Rai
- Center for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Pankaj Pandey
- Center for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
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Grover M, Kashyap PC. Germ-free mice as a model to study effect of gut microbiota on host physiology. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26:745-8. [PMID: 24860967 PMCID: PMC4083815 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The alterations in resident gut microbiota seen in chronic gastrointestinal disorders have led to an increasing interest in the role of gut bacteria in maintaining intestinal barrier function. While acute alterations in colonic secretomotor function in response to pathogens have been well described, the effect of commensal bacteria on intestinal barrier function and colonic secretomotor function still remains poorly understood. Germ-free mice represent a model system to study effect of gut microbes on host gastrointestinal physiology. The study by Lomasney et al. represents an important step in this direction by demonstrating that the colonic secretomotor function is largely preserved in germ-free mice, hence making them a suitable model to study effect of gut microbiota on host function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Grover
- Enteric Neuroscience Program; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| | - P. C. Kashyap
- Enteric Neuroscience Program; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
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Sandberg RL, Rodriguez G, Gibson LL, Dattelbaum DM, Stevens GD, Grover M, Lalone BM, Udd E. Embedded optical probes for simultaneous pressure and temperature measurement of materials in extreme conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/500/14/142031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Grover M, Camilleri M, Smith K, Linden DR, Farrugia G. On the fiftieth anniversary. Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome: mechanisms related to pathogens. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26:156-67. [PMID: 24438587 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (GI) infections resulting from bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens predispose to postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) and other functional GI disorders. Existing literature supports the role of enterochromaffin cell hyperplasia, serotonin synthesis and reuptake, impaired barrier function, altered immune activation, and potentially mast cell activation in the pathophysiology of PI-IBS. PURPOSE The objective of this review was to summarize from the literature the characteristics of the pathogens commonly implicated in PI-IBS, their acute enteritis phases, and the changes seen in the postinfectious phase that may contribute toward development of IBS. A limitation of our current understanding is that the postinfectious GI sequelae reported in prior studies followed epidemic diarrheal outbreaks often involving more than one pathogen, or the studies focused on highly selected, tertiary referral patients. Understanding the mechanisms, natural history, and optimized management of individuals suffering PI-IBS following the more typical sporadic infection requires larger studies of PI-IBS following GI infections encountered in community settings. These studies should include genetic, physiological, and molecular studies to provide more generalizable information that can ultimately be used to diagnose, manage, and potentially prevent the development of PI-IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Sule G, Campeau PM, Zhang VW, Nagamani SCS, Dawson BC, Grover M, Bacino CA, Sutton VR, Brunetti-Pierri N, Lu JT, Lemire E, Gibbs RA, Cohn DH, Cui H, Wong LJ, Lee BH. Next-generation sequencing for disorders of low and high bone mineral density. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:2253-9. [PMID: 23443412 PMCID: PMC3709009 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To achieve an efficient molecular diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), and osteopetrosis (OPT), we designed a next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform to sequence 34 genes. We validated this platform on known cases and have successfully identified the causative mutation in most patients without a prior molecular diagnosis. INTRODUCTION Osteogenesis imperfecta, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and osteopetrosis are collectively common inherited skeletal diseases. Evaluation of subjects with these conditions often includes molecular testing which has important counseling and therapeutic and sometimes legal implications. Since several different genes have been implicated in these conditions, Sanger sequencing of each gene can be a prohibitively expensive and time-consuming way to reach a molecular diagnosis. METHODS In order to circumvent these problems, we have designed and tested a NGS platform that would allow simultaneous sequencing on a single diagnostic platform of different genes implicated in OI, OPT, EDS, and other inherited conditions, leading to low or high bone mineral density. We used a liquid-phase probe library that captures 602 exons (~100 kb) of 34 selected genes and have applied it to test clinical samples from patients with bone disorders. RESULTS NGS of the captured exons by Illumina HiSeq 2000 resulted in an average coverage of over 900X. The platform was successfully validated by identifying mutations in six patients with known mutations. Moreover, in four patients with OI or OPT without a prior molecular diagnosis, the assay was able to detect the causative mutations. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our NGS panel provides a fast and accurate method to arrive at a molecular diagnosis in most patients with inherited high or low bone mineral density disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sule
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, R814, MS225, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Grover M, Grover R, Singh R, Kumar R, Kumar S. Quantum combinatorial model of gene expression. Bioinformation 2013; 9:141-4. [PMID: 23422839 PMCID: PMC3569601 DOI: 10.6026/97320630009141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose that the DNA within the chromatin behaves as a dynamic combinatorial library capable of forming novel structures by
reversible processes. We also hypothesize that states within the library may be linked via quantum tunneling. RNA polymerase
then could scan these states and the system decoheres to the “appropriate” state. Two ways of sustaining quantum coherence at
relevant time scales could be possible, first, screening: the quantum system can be kept isolated from its decohering environment,
second, the existence of decoherence free subspaces .We discuss the role of superconductivity in context of avoiding decoherence in
context of our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monendra Grover
- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India ; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, NOIDA, India
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Rajan E, Gostout CJ, Bonin EA, Moran EA, Locke GR, Szarka LA, Talley NJ, Deters JL, Miller CA, Knipschield MA, Lurken MS, Stoltz GJ, Bernard CE, Grover M, Farrugia G. Endoscopic full-thickness biopsy of the gastric wall with defect closure by using an endoscopic suturing device: survival porcine study. Gastrointest Endosc 2012; 76:1014-9. [PMID: 23078926 PMCID: PMC3666864 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of several common gastric motility diseases and functional GI disorders remains essentially unexplained. Gastric wall biopsies that include the muscularis propria to evaluate the enteric nervous system, interstitial cells of Cajal, and immune cells can provide important insights for our understanding of the etiology of these disorders. OBJECTIVES To determine the technical feasibility, reproducibility, and safety of performing a full-thickness gastric biopsy (FTGB) by using a submucosal endoscopy with mucosal flap (SEMF) technique; the technical feasibility, reproducibility, and safety of tissue closure by using an endoscopic suturing device; the ability to identify myenteric ganglia in resected specimens; and the long-term safety. DESIGN Single center, preclinical survival study. SETTING Animal research laboratory, developmental endoscopy unit. SUBJECTS Twelve domestic pigs. INTERVENTIONS Animals underwent an SEMF procedure with gastric muscularis propria resection. The resultant offset mucosal entry site was closed by using an endoscopic suturing device. Animals were kept alive for 2 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS The technical feasibility, reproducibility, and safety of the procedure; the clinical course of the animals; the histological and immunochemical evaluation of the resected specimen to determine whether myenteric ganglia were present in the sample. RESULTS FTGB was performed by using the SEMF technique in all 12 animals. The offset mucosal entry site was successfully closed by using the suturing device in all animals. The mean resected tissue specimen size was 11 mm. Mean total procedure time was 61 minutes with 2 to 4 interrupted sutures placed per animal. Histology showed muscularis propria and serosa, confirming full-thickness resections in all animals. Myenteric ganglia were visualized in 11 of 12 animals. The clinical course was uneventful. Repeat endoscopy and necropsy at 2 weeks showed absence of ulceration at both the mucosal entry sites and overlying the more distal muscularis propria resection sites. There was complete healing of the serosa in all animals with minimal single-band adhesions in 5 of 12 animals. Retained sutures were present in 10 of 12 animals. LIMITATIONS Animal experiment. CONCLUSIONS FTGB by using the SEMF technique and an endoscopic suturing device is technically feasible, reproducible, and safe. Larger tissue specimens will allow improved analysis of multiple cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - GR Locke
- Developmental Endoscopy Unit and Enteric NeuroScience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - LA Szarka
- Developmental Endoscopy Unit and Enteric NeuroScience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | | | | | | | | | | | - GJ Stoltz
- Developmental Endoscopy Unit and Enteric NeuroScience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - CE Bernard
- Developmental Endoscopy Unit and Enteric NeuroScience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - M Grover
- Developmental Endoscopy Unit and Enteric NeuroScience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - G Farrugia
- Developmental Endoscopy Unit and Enteric NeuroScience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
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Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the middle ear is a rare tumor, even rarer in adults and has a very poor prognosis. We report here an unusual case of rhabdomyosarcoma in middle ear of an adult, mimicking chronic suppurative otitis media and facial nerve palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Grover
- SMS Medical College, Jaipur, India
| | - J Mehta
- SMS Medical College, Jaipur, India
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Hada MS, Chadda V, Mishra P, Gupta P, Grover M. Unusual metallic foreign bodies in the larynx: two case reports. Indian J Pediatr 2012; 79:1100-2. [PMID: 22237635 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-011-0621-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Impaction of a foreign body (FB) in the larynx is a rare situation. It is more common in children then older age group. The authors report two cases of unusual foreign bodies in the larynx which presented with complaints of sudden onset of change of voice without any respiratory difficulty. One was of 9 y and other was a 7-y-old boy with foreign body in the glottis. In both cases there was accidental inhalation of the FB which was immediately followed by difficulty of speech. Metallic foreign bodies were removed successfully by direct laryngoscopy under general anesthesia (GA) which is followed by recovery of the symptoms.
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Abstract
Gastroparesis is often divided into subsets based on etiology and pathophysiology; however, the utility of these subsets in the diagnosis and treatment of gastro-paresis is not well defined. The objectives are to consider the subsets of gastroparesis from the perspectives of etiology and pathogenesis, pathophysiology, histopathology, and clinical associations, with particular focus on similarities and differences between diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis and consideration of the potential subset of painful gastroparesis. We conclude that idiopathic and diabetic gastroparesis has similar initial presentations and manifestations, except that idiopathic gastroparesis tends to be associated more frequently with pain. Myopathic disorders are uncommon. Extrinsic denervation was considered the most common etiology; however, with the decline in surgery for peptic ulceration and in-depth study of full-thickness gastric biopsies, the most common intrinsic defects are being recognized in the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC-opathy) and with immune infiltration and neuronal changes (intrinsic neuropathic gastroparesis). Histomorphological differences at the microscopic level between diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis are still of unclear significance. Two gastroparesis subsets worthy of special mention, because they are potentially reversible with identification of the cause, are postviral gastroparesis, which has a generally good prognosis, and iatrogenic gastroparesis, especially in patients with non-surgical gastroparesis, such as diabetics exposed to incretins such as pramlintide and exenatide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Camilleri
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Grover M, Bernard CE, Pasricha PJ, Lurken MS, Faussone-Pellegrini MS, Smyrk TC, Parkman HP, Abell TL, Snape WJ, Hasler WL, McCallum RW, Nguyen L, Koch KL, Calles J, Lee L, Tonascia J, Ünalp-Arida A, Hamilton FA, Farrugia G. Clinical-histological associations in gastroparesis: results from the Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:531-9, e249. [PMID: 22339929 PMCID: PMC3353102 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2012.01894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular changes associated with diabetic (DG) and idiopathic gastroparesis (IG) have recently been described from patients enrolled in the Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium. The association of these cellular changes with gastroparesis symptoms and gastric emptying is unknown. The aim of this study was to relate cellular changes to symptoms and gastric emptying in patients with gastroparesis. METHODS Earlier, using full thickness gastric body biopsies from 20 DG, 20 IG, and 20 matched controls, we found decreased interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and enteric nerves and an increase in immune cells in both DG and IG. Here, demographic, symptoms [gastroparesis cardinal symptom index score (GCSI)], and gastric emptying were related to cellular alterations using Pearson's correlation coefficients. KEY RESULTS Interstitial cells of Cajal counts inversely correlated with 4 h gastric retention in DG but not in IG (r = -0.6, P = 0.008, DG, r = 0.2, P = 0.4, IG). There was also a significant correlation between loss of ICC and enteric nerves in DG but not in IG (r = 0.5, P = 0.03 for DG, r = 0.3, P = 0.16, IG). Idiopathic gastroparesis with a myenteric immune infiltrate scored higher on the average GCSI (3.6 ± 0.7 vs 2.7 ± 0.9, P = 0.05) and nausea score (3.8 ± 0.9 vs 2.6 ± 1.0, P = 0.02) as compared to those without an infiltrate. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES In DG, loss of ICC is associated with delayed gastric emptying. Interstitial cells of Cajal or enteric nerve loss did not correlate with symptom severity. Overall clinical severity and nausea in IG is associated with a myenteric immune infiltrate. Thus, full thickness gastric biopsies can help define specific cellular abnormalities in gastroparesis, some of which are associated with physiological and clinical characteristics of gastroparesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grover
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Garg S, Singh R, Grover M. India's health workforce: current status and the way forward. Natl Med J India 2012; 25:111-113. [PMID: 22816170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Garg
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
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40
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Grover M, Naumann U, Mohammad-Dar L, Glennon D, Ringwood S, Eisler I, Williams C, Treasure J, Schmidt U. A randomized controlled trial of an Internet-based cognitive-behavioural skills package for carers of people with anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 2011; 41:2581-2591. [PMID: 21733215 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291711000766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) poses a major burden on families. Carers (e.g. parents or partners) of people with AN are often highly distressed and may inadvertently respond in ways that can contribute to the maintenance of the disorder, e.g. through high levels of over-involvement and criticism [also known as expressed emotion (EE)]. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel web-based systemic cognitive-behavioural (CBT) intervention for carers of people with AN, designed to reduce carer distress and teach skills in how to offer effective support. METHOD Carers of people with AN (n=64) were randomly allocated to either the web-intervention, overcoming anorexia online, with limited clinician supportive guidance (by email or phone), or to ad-hoc usual support from the UK patient and carer organization Beat. Carer outcomes were assessed at post-treatment (4 months) and follow-up (6 months). RESULTS Compared with the control intervention, web-based treatment significantly reduced carers' anxiety and depression (primary outcome) at post-treatment, with a similar trend in carers' EE. Other secondary outcomes did not favour the online intervention. Gains were maintained at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This is the first ever study to use an online CBT program to successfully reduce carer distress and improve carers' ability to support the person with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grover
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Section of Eating Disorders, London, UK
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41
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White L, Mirrani G, Grover M, Rollason J, Malin A, Suntharalingam J. S130 Outcomes of pseudomonas eradication therapy in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Thorax 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.150946.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
Schwann cells line nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and synthesize myelin. In addition, they support neuronal survival, neurite growth and regeneration. In dissociated cultures of postnatal mouse spiral ganglia, regenerating neurites spontaneously associate with Schwann cells. However, the mechanisms and consequences of interactions between cochlear Schwann cells and spiral ganglion neurites have not been examined. Further, the similarities and differences between cochlear Schwann cells and other PNS Schwann cells have not been studied. Experiments to examine these questions will rely on the ability to purify and characterize cochlear Schwann cells. Here we present methods for purifying Schwann cells from postnatal mouse cochleas and for transfecting them with expression plasmids. Dissociated spiral ganglia were plated on poly-D-lysine/laminin in medium containing neurotrophins, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), N2 supplement and serum and maintained for 5 days. Cells were harvested with trypsin/EDTA and subjected to an immuno-magnetic purification procedure. After 24 h in vitro, cultures were >85% Schwann cells. Nucleofection of purified Schwann cells with pMax-green fluorescent protein (pMax-GFP) plasmid, or with pEGFP-C-vimentin plasmid returned >45% transfection efficiency. These methods will allow the in-depth characterization of cochlear Schwann cells and an evaluation of their biochemical, functional, and genetic mechanisms that may promote neurite growth from the spiral ganglion.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Whitlon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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43
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Loughnan BA, Grover M, Nielsen PB. Maternal death due to extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli: a warning for the future? Int J Obstet Anesth 2010; 19:327-30. [PMID: 20627692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe a maternal death due to necrotising fasciitis caused by an extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli resistant to routinely used antimicrobial agents. Necrotising fasciitis is a rare complication of septicaemia with a high mortality. Signs of infection were insidious and masked by the use of routine analgesic agents and concurrent preeclampsia. The incidence of infection with extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms is increasing both in the United Kingdom and globally and will need to be considered in the obstetric setting. The use of the current Modified Early Warning Scores was of limited help in this case. Where there is no response to routine antibiotics within 12h, microbiological review is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Loughnan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, UK.
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44
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Schmidt U, Andiappan M, Grover M, Robinson S, Perkins S, Dugmore O, Treasure J, Landau S, Eisler I, Williams C. Randomised controlled trial of CD-ROM-based cognitive-behavioural self-care for bulimia nervosa. Br J Psychiatry 2008; 193:493-500. [PMID: 19043154 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.107.046607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive-behavioural self-care is advocated as a first step in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. AIMS To examine the effectiveness of a CD-ROM-based cognitive-behavioural intervention in bulimia nervosa and eating disorder not otherwise specified (NOS) (bulimic type) in a routine setting. METHOD Ninety-seven people with bulimia nervosa or eating disorder NOS were randomised to either CD-ROM without support for 3 months followed by a flexible number of therapist sessions or to a 3-month waiting list followed by 15 sessions of therapist cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) (ISRCTN51564819). Clinical symptoms were assessed at pre-treatment, 3 months and 7 months. RESULTS Only two-thirds of participants started treatment. Although there were significant group x time interactions for bingeing and vomiting, favouring the CD-ROM group at 3 months and the waiting-list group at 7 months, post hoc group comparisons at 3 and 7 months found no significant differences for bingeing or vomiting. CD-ROM-based delivery of this intervention, without support from a clinician, may not be the best way of exploiting its benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Schmidt
- Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AZ, UK.
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Faiz OD, Brown TJ, Colucci G, Grover M, Clark SK. Trends in colorectal day case surgery in NHS Trusts between 1998 and 2005. Colorectal Dis 2008; 10:935-42. [PMID: 18294271 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2008.01481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Day case surgery is safe and offers potential benefits to both patients and healthcare providers. This study aimed to describe national changes in colorectal day case workload between 1998 and 2005. METHODS Admission data relating to Office of Population Censuses and Surveys Classification of Surgical Operations and Procedures (4th revision) (OPCS-4) coloproctology operation codes were analysed using the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database. Day case rates (DCRs) were calculated as the proportion of elective cases performed on an ambulatory basis. RESULTS In total, 3 119 058 colorectal admissions were recorded on the HES database between 1998 and 2005; 1 891 474 (61%) of these were for lower gastrointestinal endoscopies. Emergency cases accounted for 527 665 (17%), elective inpatient cases for 406 368 (13%) and elective day cases for 293 551 (9%) admissions. Throughout the study period the DCRs for five commonly performed elective colorectal procedures were: 0.70 for anal lesion excisions (OPCS-4 codes: H48.1, H48.2 and H48.3); 0.16 for haemorrhoidectomy (OPCS-4 code: H51.1); 0.63 for anal fissure procedures (OPCS-4 codes: H56.2 and H56.4); 0.39 for elective procedures for anal fistula (OPCS-4 codes: H55.1, H55.2, H55.3 and H55.4); 0.37 for elective pilonidal surgery (OPCS-4 codes: H59 and H60.2). Two emergency operations, drainage of perianal and pilonidal abscesses (OPCS-4 codes: H58.2 and H60.3 respectively), were identified as operations potentially amenable to day surgery. Over the seven study years, an annual average of 8559 (+/-SD 307) admissions were coded to drainage of a perianal abscess and 4676 (+/-SD 478) admissions to drainage of pilonidal abscess. The average annual bed usage associated with these procedures was 18 831 (+/-SD 718) and 7623 (+/-SD 436) bed days respectively. CONCLUSIONS Colorectal day case surgery is currently under-exploited in the NHS. By lifting some of the barriers to day case surgery significant resource savings may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- O D Faiz
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St. Mark's Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, UK.
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Sauvé P, Mountney J, Khan T, De Beer J, Higgins B, Grover M. Metal ion levels after metal-on-metal Ring total hip replacement: a 30-year follow-up study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 89:586-90. [PMID: 17540740 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.89b5.18457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Metal-on-metal bearings for total hip replacement (THR) are becoming increasingly popular. Improved wear characteristics mean that these articulations are being inserted into younger patients in the form of THR and resurfacing procedures. This has led to concerns regarding potential carcinogenicity because of the increased exposure to metal ions that the procedure brings. We have studied the serum cobalt and chromium concentrations in patients who had primary, well-fixed Ring metal-on-metal THRs for more than 30 years. The levels of cobalt and chromium were elevated by five and three times, respectively compared with those in our reference groups. Metal-on-metal articulations appear to be the source of metal ions throughout the life of the prosthesis. In three patients who had undergone revision of a previous metal-on-metal THR to a metal-on-polyethylene replacement the levels of metal ions were within the normal range. The elevations of cobalt and chromium ions seen in our study were comparable with those in patients with modern metal-on-metal THRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sauvé
- Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Southwick Hill Road, Cosham PO6 3LY, United Kingdom.
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Whitlon DS, Grover M, Tristano J, Williams T, Coulson MT. Culture conditions determine the prevalence of bipolar and monopolar neurons in cultures of dissociated spiral ganglion. Neuroscience 2007; 146:833-40. [PMID: 17331652 PMCID: PMC2532701 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Revised: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To gain insight into the mechanisms that control the generation or maintenance of the characteristic bipolar morphology of cochlear spiral ganglion neurons, we have taken advantage of our recently developed procedure for culture of dissociated newborn mouse spiral ganglion. In these cultures, inclusion of the cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in the medium increases neuronal survival and the number of bipolar neurons. Here we tested effects of two other LIF-type cytokines (ciliary neurotrophic factor, CNTF; and human recombinant oncostatin M, hOSM) and of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) on survival, morphology and neurite lengths of neurons in cultures of dissociated spiral ganglion. Like LIF, CNTF and hOSM increased neuronal survival and the number of surviving bipolar neurons. BMP4 also increased neuronal survival, but unlike LIF, CNTF and hOSM, increased the number of monopolar neurons and neurons with no neurites. In addition, population histograms demonstrate that the population lengths of the longer and shorter neurites of bipolar neurons were shorter in BMP4 containing cultures than in control or LIF cultures. When LIF and BMP4 were simultaneously added to the cultures, the BMP4 effects predominated. These experiments demonstrate that exposure to different environmental conditions can result in different morphologies in the surviving population of spiral ganglion neurons in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Whitlon
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Searle, Room 12-561, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Grover M, Talwalkar S, Casbard A, Boralessa H, Contreras M, Boralessa H, Brett S, Goldhill DR, Soni N. Silent myocardial ischaemia and haemoglobin concentration: a randomized controlled trial of transfusion strategy in lower limb arthroplasty. Vox Sang 2006; 90:105-12. [PMID: 16430668 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2006.00730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Red cell transfusion is commonly used in orthopaedic surgery. Evidence suggests that a restrictive transfusion strategy may be safe for most patients. However, concern has been raised over the risks of anaemia in those with ischaemic cardiac disease. Perioperative silent myocardial ischaemia (SMI) has a relatively high incidence in the elderly population undergoing elective surgery. This study used Holter monitoring to compare the effect of a restrictive and a liberal red cell transfusion strategy on the incidence of SMI in patients without signs or symptoms of ischaemic heart disease who were undergoing lower limb arthroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a multicentre, controlled trial in which 260 patients undergoing elective hip and knee replacement surgery were enrolled and randomized to transfusion triggers that were either restrictive (8 g/dl) or liberal (10 g/dl). Participants were monitored with continuous ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) (Holter monitoring), preoperatively for 12 h and postoperatively for 72 h. The tapes were analysed for new ischaemia by technicians blinded to treatment. The total ischaemia time in minutes was divided by the recording time in hours and an ischaemic load in min/h was calculated. Haemoglobin levels were measured preoperatively, postoperatively in the recovery room, and on days one, three and five after surgery. RESULTS The mean postoperative haemoglobin concentration was 9.87 g/dl in the restrictive group and 11.09 g/dl in the liberal group. In the restrictive group, 34% were transfused a total of 89 red cell units, and in the liberal group 43% were given a total of 119 red cell units. A postoperative episode of silent ischaemia was experienced by 21/109 (19%) patients in the restrictive group and by 26/109 (24%) patients in the liberal group [mean difference -4.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI): -15.5% to 6%, P = 0.41). There was no significant difference (P = 0.53) between the overall ischaemic load in the restrictive group (median 0 min/h, range 0-4.18) and the liberal group (median 0 min/h, range 0-19.48). In those patients who did experience postoperative SMI, the mean ischaemic load was 0.48 min/h in the restrictive group and 1.51 min/h in the liberal group (ratio 0.32, 95% CI: 0.14-0.76, P = 0.011). The median postoperative length of hospital stay in the restrictive group was 7.3 days [range 5-11; interquartile range (IQR) 6-8] compared with 7.5 days (range 5-13; IQR 7-8) in the liberal group. The numbers were not large enough to conclude equivalence. CONCLUSIONS In patients without preoperative evidence of myocardial ischaemia undergoing elective hip and knee replacement surgery, a restrictive transfusion strategy seems unlikely to be associated with an increased incidence of SMI. A proportion of these patients experience moderate SMI, regardless of the transfusion trigger. Use of a restrictive transfusion strategy did not increase length of hospital stay, and use of this strategy would lead to a significant reduction in red cell transfusion in orthopaedic surgery. Our data did not indicate any potential for harm in employing such a strategy in patients with no prior evidence of cardiac ischaemia who were undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grover
- Magill Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
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Whitlon DS, Ketels KV, Coulson MT, Williams T, Grover M, Edpao W, Richter CP. Survival and morphology of auditory neurons in dissociated cultures of newborn mouse spiral ganglion. Neuroscience 2006; 138:653-62. [PMID: 16413120 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2005] [Revised: 11/08/2005] [Accepted: 11/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have systematically characterized neuronal survival and growth in cultures derived from newborn/postnatal day 1 mouse cochlea. Dissociated cultures of the cochlear spiral ganglion provide an experimental environment in which to examine molecular mechanisms of survival, development and physiology of auditory neurons. To relate survival to the total number of neurons present in the source tissue, three cochleas from different newborn CD-1 mice were embedded in Araldite resin and serially sectioned at 5 mum thickness. All neurons were counted. To avoid overcounting, each section served as a lookup section for the next, giving 8240+/-423 (S.D.) neurons per ganglion. Cultures maintained in the presence of adjacent non-neural tissue, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin 3, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and 10% fetal bovine serum returned the best overall survival (30%) at 42 h post-plating. Best overall survival required the continuous presence of a serum component(s) larger than 100,000 MW. Plating efficiency (number of neurons that attach to the well after 4 h) was similar in the presence or absence of LIF. Inclusion of LIF maintained 100% survival of plated neurons over 42 h of culture; without LIF, a large fraction of the neurons did not survive. LIF appeared to maintain survival by preferentially preserving a population of bipolar neurons, while having little effect on the number of monopolar neurons. This work provides quantitative measures of survival and morphology of auditory neurons in vitro. The results support the idea that survival of spiral ganglion neurons in vivo may depend on interactions with adjacent, non-neural tissue and raise the possibility that maintenance of bipolar morphology after hair cell damage may require biochemical mechanisms in addition to those induced by neurotrophins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Whitlon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Grover M, Dimmer S, Rodger J. Oxoid aura system as a semi-automated, standard antimicrobial susceptibility test method. Br J Biomed Sci 2001; 58:146-53. [PMID: 11575736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The need for a national strategy for antimicrobial resistance surveillance is well recognised. The diversity of susceptibility testing methods in the UK has led to the development of a standard method by the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Here, use of an early manual-measurement Oxoid Aura system is compared with an in-house, non-standard method. The usefulness of such a system in the evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility data collected for Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus, is also examined. An automated version of this equipment is now available.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grover
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester, UK
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