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Sahadeo NSD, Nicholls S, Moreira FRR, O'Toole Á, Ramkissoon V, Whittaker C, Hill V, McCrone JT, Mohammed N, Ramjag A, Jordan AB, Hill SC, Singh R, Nathaniel-Girdharrie SM, Hinds A, Ramkissoon N, Parag KV, Nandram N, Parasram R, Khan-Mohammed Z, Edghill L, Indar L, Andrewin A, Sealey-Thomas R, McMillan P, Oyinloye A, George K, Potter I, Lee J, Johnson D, Charles S, Singh N, Bisesor-McKenzie J, Laws H, Belmar-George S, Keizer-Beache S, Greenaway-Duberry S, Ashwood N, Foster JE, Georges K, Naidu R, Ivey M, Giddings S, Haraksingh R, Ramsubhag A, Jayaraman J, Chinnadurai C, Oura C, Pybus OG, St John J, Gonzalez-Escobar G, Faria NR, Carrington CVF. Correction: Implementation of Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the Caribbean: Lessons learned for sustainability in resource-limited settings. PLOS Glob Public Health 2023; 3:e0002393. [PMID: 37695757 PMCID: PMC10495005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001455.].
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Sahadeo NSD, Nicholls S, Moreira FRR, O’Toole Á, Ramkissoon V, Whittaker C, Hill V, McCrone JT, Mohammed N, Ramjag A, Brown Jordan A, Hill SC, Singh R, Nathaniel-Girdharrie SM, Hinds A, Ramkissoon N, Parag KV, Nandram N, Parasram R, Khan-Mohammed Z, Edghill L, Indar L, Andrewin A, Sealey-Thomas R, McMillan P, Oyinloye A, George K, Potter I, Lee J, Johnson D, Charles S, Singh N, Bisesor-McKenzie J, Laws H, Belmar-George S, Keizer-Beache S, Greenaway-Duberry S, Ashwood N, Foster JE, Georges K, Naidu R, Ivey M, Giddings S, Haraksingh R, Ramsubhag A, Jayaraman J, Chinnadurai C, Oura C, Pybus OG, St. John J, Gonzalez-Escobar G, Faria NR, Carrington CVF. Implementation of genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the Caribbean: Lessons learned for sustainability in resource-limited settings. PLOS Glob Public Health 2023; 3:e0001455. [PMID: 36963002 PMCID: PMC10022082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of global genomic surveillance to monitor the emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants and inform public health decision-making. Until December 2020 there was minimal capacity for viral genomic surveillance in most Caribbean countries. To overcome this constraint, the COVID-19: Infectious disease Molecular epidemiology for PAthogen Control & Tracking (COVID-19 IMPACT) project was implemented to establish rapid SARS-CoV-2 whole genome nanopore sequencing at The University of the West Indies (UWI) in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) and provide needed SARS-CoV-2 sequencing services for T&T and other Caribbean Public Health Agency Member States (CMS). Using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION sequencing platform and ARTIC network sequencing protocols and bioinformatics pipeline, a total of 3610 SARS-CoV-2 positive RNA samples, received from 17 CMS, were sequenced in-situ during the period December 5th 2020 to December 31st 2021. Ninety-one Pango lineages, including those of five variants of concern (VOC), were identified. Genetic analysis revealed at least 260 introductions to the CMS from other global regions. For each of the 17 CMS, the percentage of reported COVID-19 cases sequenced by the COVID-19 IMPACT laboratory ranged from 0·02% to 3·80% (median = 1·12%). Sequences submitted to GISAID by our study represented 73·3% of all SARS-CoV-2 sequences from the 17 CMS available on the database up to December 31st 2021. Increased staffing, process and infrastructural improvement over the course of the project helped reduce turnaround times for reporting to originating institutions and sequence uploads to GISAID. Insights from our genomic surveillance network in the Caribbean region directly influenced non-pharmaceutical countermeasures in the CMS countries. However, limited availability of associated surveillance and clinical data made it challenging to contextualise the observed SARS-CoV-2 diversity and evolution, highlighting the need for development of infrastructure for collecting and integrating genomic sequencing data and sample-associated metadata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita S. D. Sahadeo
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Soren Nicholls
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Filipe R. R. Moreira
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Áine O’Toole
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vernie Ramkissoon
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Charles Whittaker
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Verity Hill
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John T. McCrone
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Mohammed
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Anushka Ramjag
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Arianne Brown Jordan
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Sarah C. Hill
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Risha Singh
- Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA), Headquartered in Port of Spain, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | | | - Avery Hinds
- Ministry of Health, Port of Spain, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Nuala Ramkissoon
- Ministry of Health, Port of Spain, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Kris V. Parag
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Naresh Nandram
- Ministry of Health, Port of Spain, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Roshan Parasram
- Ministry of Health, Port of Spain, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | | | - Lisa Edghill
- Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA), Headquartered in Port of Spain, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Lisa Indar
- Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA), Headquartered in Port of Spain, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Irad Potter
- Ministry of Health and Social Development, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands
| | - John Lee
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands
| | - David Johnson
- Ministry of Health, Wellness and New Health Investment, Roseau, Dominica
| | | | | | | | - Hazel Laws
- Ministry of Health, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | | | - Simone Keizer-Beache
- Ministry of Health, Wellness and the Environment, Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
| | | | - Nadia Ashwood
- Ministry of Health, Agriculture, Sports and Human Services, Grand Turk, Turks and Caicos Islands
| | - Jerome E. Foster
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Karla Georges
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Rahul Naidu
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Marsha Ivey
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Stanley Giddings
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Rajini Haraksingh
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Adesh Ramsubhag
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Jayaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Chinnaraja Chinnadurai
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Christopher Oura
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Oliver G. Pybus
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joy St. John
- Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA), Headquartered in Port of Spain, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez-Escobar
- Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA), Headquartered in Port of Spain, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Nuno R. Faria
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias e Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christine V. F. Carrington
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
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3
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Brito AF, Semenova E, Dudas G, Hassler GW, Kalinich CC, Kraemer MUG, Ho J, Tegally H, Githinji G, Agoti CN, Matkin LE, Whittaker C, Howden BP, Sintchenko V, Zuckerman NS, Mor O, Blankenship HM, de Oliveira T, Lin RTP, Siqueira MM, Resende PC, Vasconcelos ATR, Spilki FR, Aguiar RS, Alexiev I, Ivanov IN, Philipova I, Carrington CVF, Sahadeo NSD, Branda B, Gurry C, Maurer-Stroh S, Naidoo D, von Eije KJ, Perkins MD, van Kerkhove M, Hill SC, Sabino EC, Pybus OG, Dye C, Bhatt S, Flaxman S, Suchard MA, Grubaugh ND, Baele G, Faria NR. Global disparities in SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7003. [PMID: 36385137 PMCID: PMC9667854 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic sequencing is essential to track the evolution and spread of SARS-CoV-2, optimize molecular tests, treatments, vaccines, and guide public health responses. To investigate the global SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance, we used sequences shared via GISAID to estimate the impact of sequencing intensity and turnaround times on variant detection in 189 countries. In the first two years of the pandemic, 78% of high-income countries sequenced >0.5% of their COVID-19 cases, while 42% of low- and middle-income countries reached that mark. Around 25% of the genomes from high income countries were submitted within 21 days, a pattern observed in 5% of the genomes from low- and middle-income countries. We found that sequencing around 0.5% of the cases, with a turnaround time <21 days, could provide a benchmark for SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance. Socioeconomic inequalities undermine the global pandemic preparedness, and efforts must be made to support low- and middle-income countries improve their local sequencing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson F Brito
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Instituto Todos pela Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Gytis Dudas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gabriel W Hassler
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chaney C Kalinich
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Joses Ho
- GISAID Global Data Science Initiative, Munich, Germany
- Bioinformatics Institute & ID Labs, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Houriiyah Tegally
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - George Githinji
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Charles N Agoti
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Lucy E Matkin
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles Whittaker
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin P Howden
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vitali Sintchenko
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Neta S Zuckerman
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orna Mor
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Heather M Blankenship
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Laboratories, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Tulio de Oliveira
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raymond T P Lin
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marilda Mendonça Siqueira
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paola Cristina Resende
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Tereza R Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Spilki
- Feevale University, Institute of Health Sciences, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Renato Santana Aguiar
- Laboratório de Biologia Integrativa, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ivailo Alexiev
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan N Ivanov
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivva Philipova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Christine V F Carrington
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Nikita S D Sahadeo
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Ben Branda
- GISAID Global Data Science Initiative, Munich, Germany
| | - Céline Gurry
- GISAID Global Data Science Initiative, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- GISAID Global Data Science Initiative, Munich, Germany
- Bioinformatics Institute & ID Labs, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dhamari Naidoo
- Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi, India
| | - Karin J von Eije
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Division of Clinical Virology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Emerging Diseases and Zoonoses Unit, Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mark D Perkins
- Emerging Diseases and Zoonoses Unit, Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria van Kerkhove
- Emerging Diseases and Zoonoses Unit, Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Ester C Sabino
- Instituto Todos pela Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oliver G Pybus
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead, UK
| | | | - Samir Bhatt
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Seth Flaxman
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marc A Suchard
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nathan D Grubaugh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Guy Baele
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nuno R Faria
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- The Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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4
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Brito AF, Semenova E, Dudas G, Hassler GW, Kalinich CC, Kraemer MU, Ho J, Tegally H, Githinji G, Agoti CN, Matkin LE, Whittaker C, Howden BP, Sintchenko V, Zuckerman NS, Mor O, Blankenship HM, de Oliveira T, Lin RTP, Siqueira MM, Resende PC, Vasconcelos ATR, Spilki FR, Aguiar RS, Alexiev I, Ivanov IN, Philipova I, Carrington CVF, Sahadeo NSD, Gurry C, Maurer-Stroh S, Naidoo D, von Eije KJ, Perkins MD, van Kerkhove M, Hill SC, Sabino EC, Pybus OG, Dye C, Bhatt S, Flaxman S, Suchard MA, Grubaugh ND, Baele G, Faria NR. Global disparities in SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance. medRxiv 2021:2021.08.21.21262393. [PMID: 34462754 PMCID: PMC8404891 DOI: 10.1101/2021.08.21.21262393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genomic sequencing provides critical information to track the evolution and spread of SARS-CoV-2, optimize molecular tests, treatments and vaccines, and guide public health responses. To investigate the spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the global SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance, we estimated the impact of sequencing intensity and turnaround times (TAT) on variant detection in 167 countries. Most countries submit genomes >21 days after sample collection, and 77% of low and middle income countries sequenced <0.5% of their cases. We found that sequencing at least 0.5% of the cases, with a TAT <21 days, could be a benchmark for SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance efforts. Socioeconomic inequalities substantially impact our ability to quickly detect SARS-CoV-2 variants, and undermine the global pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson F. Brito
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Instituto Todos pela Saúde, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizaveta Semenova
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gytis Dudas
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gabriel W. Hassler
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chaney C. Kalinich
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Joses Ho
- GISAID Global Data Science Initiative, Munich, Germany
- Bioinformatics Institute & ID Labs, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Houriiyah Tegally
- KwaZulu–Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - George Githinji
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kenya
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pwani University, Kenya
| | | | - Lucy E. Matkin
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Whittaker
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin P Howden
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vitali Sintchenko
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Neta S. Zuckerman
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Orna Mor
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Heather M Blankenship
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Laboratories, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Tulio de Oliveira
- KwaZulu–Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Fernando R. Spilki
- Feevale University, Institute of Health Sciences, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renato Santana Aguiar
- Laboratório de Biologia Integrativa, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ivailo Alexiev
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan N. Ivanov
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivva Philipova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Christine V. F. Carrington
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Nikita S. D. Sahadeo
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Céline Gurry
- GISAID Global Data Science Initiative, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- GISAID Global Data Science Initiative, Munich, Germany
- Bioinformatics Institute & ID Labs, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | - Dhamari Naidoo
- Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi, India
| | - Karin J von Eije
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Division of Clinical Virology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Emerging Diseases and Zoonoses Unit, Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mark D. Perkins
- Emerging Diseases and Zoonoses Unit, Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria van Kerkhove
- Emerging Diseases and Zoonoses Unit, Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Ester C. Sabino
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oliver G. Pybus
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Dye
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samir Bhatt
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Seth Flaxman
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marc A. Suchard
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nathan D. Grubaugh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Guy Baele
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nuno R. Faria
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sahadeo NSD, Allicock OM, De Salazar PM, Auguste AJ, Widen S, Olowokure B, Gutierrez C, Valadere AM, Polson-Edwards K, Weaver SC, Carrington CVF. Understanding the evolution and spread of chikungunya virus in the Americas using complete genome sequences. Virus Evol 2017; 3:vex010. [PMID: 28480053 PMCID: PMC5413804 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vex010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Local transmission of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was first detected in the Americas in December 2013, after which it spread rapidly throughout the Caribbean islands and American mainland, causing a major chikungunya fever epidemic. Previous phylogenetic analysis of CHIKV from a limited number of countries in the Americas suggests that an Asian genotype strain was responsible, except in Brazil where both Asian and East/Central/South African (ECSA) lineage strains were detected. In this study, we sequenced thirty-three complete CHIKV genomes from viruses isolated in 2014 from fourteen Caribbean islands, the Bahamas and two mainland countries in the Americas. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that they all belonged to the Asian genotype and clustered together with other Caribbean and mainland sequences isolated during the American outbreak, forming an 'Asian/American' lineage defined by two amino acid substitutions, E2 V368A and 6K L20M, and divided into two well-supported clades. This lineage is estimated to be evolving at a mean rate of 5 × 10-4 substitutions per site per year (95% higher probability density, 2.9-7.9 × 10-4) and to have arisen from an ancestor introduced to the Caribbean (most likely from Oceania) in about March 2013, 9 months prior to the first report of CHIKV in the Americas. Estimation of evolutionary rates for individual gene regions and selection analyses indicate that (in contrast to the Indian Ocean Lineage that emerged from the ECSA genotype followed by adaptive evolution and with a significantly higher substitution rate) the evolutionary dynamics of the Asian/American lineage are very similar to the rest of the Asian genotype and natural selection does not appear to have played a major role in its emergence. However, several codon sites with evidence of positive selection were identified within the non-structural regions of Asian genotype sequences outside of the Asian/American lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S D Sahadeo
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - O M Allicock
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - P M De Salazar
- Caribbean Public Health Agency, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.,ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A J Auguste
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - S Widen
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - B Olowokure
- Caribbean Public Health Agency, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - C Gutierrez
- Caribbean Public Health Agency, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - A M Valadere
- Caribbean Public Health Agency, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - K Polson-Edwards
- Caribbean Public Health Agency, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - S C Weaver
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - C V F Carrington
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
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Waggoner JJ, Sahadeo NSD, Brown A, Mohamed-Hadley A, Hadley D, Carrington L, Carrington CVF, Pinsky BA. Improved serotype-specific dengue virus detection in Trinidad and Tobago using a multiplex, real-time RT-PCR. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 81:105-6. [PMID: 25533614 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) transmission occurs throughout the Caribbean, though laboratory confirmation and epidemiologic surveillance are limited by the availability of serotype-specific molecular diagnostics. In this study, we show that a serotype-specific DENV multiplex, real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) detected DENV RNA in significantly more samples (82/182) than a reference hemi-nested RT-PCR (57/182; P=0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J Waggoner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nikita S D Sahadeo
- Department of Pre-Clinical Studies, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Arianne Brown
- Trinidad Public Health Laboratory, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
| | | | - Dexter Hadley
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Leslie Carrington
- Trinidad Public Health Laboratory, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Christine V F Carrington
- Department of Pre-Clinical Studies, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Benjamin A Pinsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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