1
|
Park LJ, Moloo H, Ramsay T, Thavorn K, Presseau J, Zwiep T, Martel G, Devereaux PJ, Talarico R, McIsaac DI. Associations of preoperative anaemia with healthcare resource use and outcomes after colorectal surgery: a population-based cohort study. Br J Anaesth 2024:S0007-0912(24)00150-8. [PMID: 38644160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2024.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative anaemia is common in patient undergoing colorectal surgery. Understanding the population-level costs of preoperative anaemia will inform development and evaluation of anaemia management at health system levels. METHODS This was a population-based cohort study using linked, routinely collected data, including residents from Ontario, Canada, aged ≥18 yr who underwent an elective colorectal resection between 2012 and 2022. Primary exposure was preoperative anaemia (haemoglobin <130 g L-1 in males; <120 g L-1 in females). Primary outcome was 30-day costs in 2022 Canadian dollars (CAD), from the perspective of a publicly funded healthcare system. Secondary outcomes included red blood cell transfusion, major adverse events (MAEs), length of stay (LOS), days alive at home (DAH), and readmissions. RESULTS We included 54,286 patients, with mean 65.3 (range 18-102) years of age and 49.0% females, among which 21 264 (39.2%) had preoperative anaemia. There was an absolute adjusted cost increase of $2671 per person at 30 days after surgery attributable to preoperative anaemia (ratio of means [RoM] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.06). Compared with the control group, 30-day risks of transfusion (odds ratio [OR] 4.34, 95% CI 4.04-4.66), MAEs (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.27), LOS (RoM 1.08, 95% CI 1.07-1.10), and readmissions (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.08-1.24) were higher in the anaemia group, with reduced DAH (RoM 0.95, 95% CI 0.95-0.96). CONCLUSIONS Approximately $2671 CAD per person in 30-day health system costs are attributable to preoperative anaemia after colorectal surgery in Ontario, Canada.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lily J Park
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Husein Moloo
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tim Ramsay
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kednapa Thavorn
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Presseau
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Terry Zwiep
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Guillaume Martel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Daniel I McIsaac
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada; ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital and the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lamy A, Sirota DA, Jacques F, Poostizadeh A, Noiseux N, Efremov S, Demers P, Akselrod B, Wang CY, Arora RC, Branny P, McGuinness SP, Brown CD, Jeanmart H, Zhao Q, Zhang H, Belley-Côté EP, Whitlock RP, Browne A, Copland I, Vincent J, Khatun R, Balasubramanian K, Bangdiwala SI, McGillion MH, Fox-Robichaud AE, Spence J, Yusuf S, Devereaux PJ. Topical Versus Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: The DEPOSITION Randomized Controlled Trial. Circulation 2024. [PMID: 38587333 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.124.069606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although intravenous tranexamic acid is used in cardiac surgery to reduce bleeding and transfusion, topical tranexamic acid results in lower plasma concentrations compared to intravenous tranexamic acid, which may lower the risk of seizures. We aimed to determine whether topical tranexamic acid reduces the risk of in-hospital seizure without increasing the risk of transfusion among cardiac surgery patients. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, double dummy, blinded, randomized controlled trial of patients recruited by convenience sampling in academic hospitals undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Between September 17, 2019, and November 28, 2023, a total of 3242 patients from 16 hospitals in 6 countries were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to receive either intravenous tranexamic acid (control) through surgery or topical tranexamic acid (treatment) at the end of surgery. The primary outcome was seizure, and the secondary outcome was red blood cell transfusion. After the last planned interim analysis-when 75% of anticipated participants had completed follow up-the Data and Safety Monitoring Board recommended to terminate the trial, and upon unblinding, the Operations Committee stopped the trial for safety. RESULTS Among 3242 randomized patients (mean age, 66.0 years; 77.7% male), in-hospital seizure occurred in 4 of 1624 patients (0.2%) in the topical group and in 11 of 1628 patients (0.7%) in the intravenous group (absolute risk difference, -0.5%; 95% CI, -0.9 to 0.03; P = .07). Red blood cell transfusion occurred in 570 patients (35.1%) in the topical group and in 433 (26.8%) in the intravenous group (absolute risk difference, 8.3%; 95% CI, 5.2 to 11.5; P = .007). The absolute risk difference in transfusion of ≥4 units of red blood cells in the topical group compared to the intravenous group was 8.2% (95% CI, 3.4 to 12.9). CONCLUSIONS Among patients having cardiac surgery, topical administration of tranexamic acid resulted in an 8.3% absolute increase in transfusion without reducing the incidence of seizure, compared to intravenous tranexamic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Lamy
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Dmitry A Sirota
- E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Frederic Jacques
- Institut Universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, IUCPQ, Quebec City, Canada
| | | | - Nicolas Noiseux
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Sergey Efremov
- Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Chew Yin Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh C Arora
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Hospitals, Cleveland, OH; Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Piotr Branny
- Head of Cardiac Surgery Department, Hospital Agel Trinec-Podlesi, Trinec, Czech Republic
| | | | - Craig D Brown
- New Brunswick Heart Centre, Saint John, New Brunswick
| | - Hugues Jeanmart
- CIUSSS-NIM Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Rujin Hospital, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Emilie P Belley-Côté
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Richard P Whitlock
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Austin Browne
- Hamilton Health Sciences, General Hospital, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Shrikant I Bangdiwala
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Michael H McGillion
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Alison E Fox-Robichaud
- Dept of Medicine and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Jessica Spence
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lavikainen LI, Guyatt GH, Luomaranta AL, Cartwright R, Kalliala IEJ, Couban RJ, Aaltonen RL, Aro KM, Cárdenas JL, Devereaux PJ, Galambosi PJ, Ge FZ, Halme ALE, Haukka J, Izett-Kay ML, Joronen KM, Karjalainen PK, Khamani N, Oksjoki SM, Pourjamal N, Singh T, Tähtinen RM, Vernooij RWM, Tikkinen KAO. Risk of thrombosis and bleeding in gynecologic cancer surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:403-416. [PMID: 37827272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to provide procedure-specific estimates of the risk of symptomatic venous thromboembolism and major bleeding in the absence of thromboprophylaxis, following gynecologic cancer surgery. DATA SOURCES We conducted comprehensive searches on Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for observational studies. We also reviewed reference lists of eligible studies and review articles. We performed separate searches for randomized trials addressing effects of thromboprophylaxis and conducted a web-based survey on thromboprophylaxis practice. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Observational studies enrolling ≥50 adult patients undergoing gynecologic cancer surgery procedures reporting absolute incidence for at least 1 of the following were included: symptomatic pulmonary embolism, symptomatic deep vein thrombosis, symptomatic venous thromboembolism, bleeding requiring reintervention (including reexploration and angioembolization), bleeding leading to transfusion, or postoperative hemoglobin <70 g/L. METHODS Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility, performed data extraction, and evaluated risk of bias of eligible articles. We adjusted the reported estimates for thromboprophylaxis and length of follow-up and used the median value from studies to determine cumulative incidence at 4 weeks postsurgery stratified by patient venous thromboembolism risk factors. The GRADE approach was applied to rate evidence certainty. RESULTS We included 188 studies (398,167 patients) reporting on 37 gynecologic cancer surgery procedures. The evidence certainty was generally low to very low. Median symptomatic venous thromboembolism risk (in the absence of prophylaxis) was <1% in 13 of 37 (35%) procedures, 1% to 2% in 11 of 37 (30%), and >2.0% in 13 of 37 (35%). The risks of venous thromboembolism varied from 0.1% in low venous thromboembolism risk patients undergoing cervical conization to 33.5% in high venous thromboembolism risk patients undergoing pelvic exenteration. Estimates of bleeding requiring reintervention varied from <0.1% to 1.3%. Median risks of bleeding requiring reintervention were <1% in 22 of 29 (76%) and 1% to 2% in 7 of 29 (24%) procedures. CONCLUSION Venous thromboembolism reduction with thromboprophylaxis likely outweighs the increase in bleeding requiring reintervention in many gynecologic cancer procedures (eg, open surgery for ovarian cancer and pelvic exenteration). In some procedures (eg, laparoscopic total hysterectomy without lymphadenectomy), thromboembolism and bleeding risks are similar, and decisions depend on individual risk prediction and values and preferences regarding venous thromboembolism and bleeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gordon H Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Anna L Luomaranta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rufus Cartwright
- Department of Gender Affirmation Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ilkka E J Kalliala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel J Couban
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Riikka L Aaltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Karoliina M Aro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jovita L Cárdenas
- Direction of Health Technology Assessment, National Center for Health Technology Excellence (CENETEC), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - P J Devereaux
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH
| | - Päivi J Galambosi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fang Zhou Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alex L E Halme
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Haukka
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Clinicum/Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthew L Izett-Kay
- Urogynaecology Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsi M Joronen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Päivi K Karjalainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nadina Khamani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Children's Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Negar Pourjamal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tino Singh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riikka M Tähtinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Robin W M Vernooij
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kari A O Tikkinen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Surgery, South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Halme ALE, Roshanov PS, Tornberg SV, Lavikainen LI, Devereaux PJ, Tikkinen KAO. Timing of Major Postoperative Bleeding Among Patients Undergoing Surgery. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e244581. [PMID: 38564217 PMCID: PMC10988355 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.4581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Although major bleeding is among the most common and prognostically important perioperative complications, the relative timing of bleeding events is not well established. This information is critical for preventing bleeding complications and for informing the timing of pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis. Objective To determine the timing of postoperative bleeding among patients undergoing surgery for up to 30 days after surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants This is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study. Patients aged 45 years or older who underwent inpatient noncardiac surgery were recruited in 14 countries between 2007 and 2013, with follow-up until December 2014. Data analysis was performed from June to July 2023. Exposure Noncardiac surgery requiring overnight hospital admission. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome (postoperative major bleeding) was a composite of the timing of the following bleeding outcomes: (1) bleeding leading to transfusion, (2) bleeding leading to a postoperative hemoglobin level less than 7 g/dL, (3) bleeding leading to death, and (4) bleeding associated with reintervention. Each of the components of the composite primary outcome (1-4) and bleeding independently associated with mortality after noncardiac surgery, which was defined as a composite of outcomes 1 to 3, were secondary outcomes. Results Among 39 813 patients (median [IQR] age, 63.0 [54.8-72.5] years; 19 793 women [49.7%]), there were 5340 major bleeding events (primary outcome) in 4638 patients (11.6%) within the first 30 days after surgery. Of these events, 42.7% (95% CI, 40.9%-44.6%) occurred within 24 hours after surgery, 77.7% (95% CI, 75.8%-79.5%) by postoperative day 7, 88.3% (95% CI, 86.5%-90.2%) by postoperative day 14, and 94.6% (95% CI, 92.7%-96.5%) by postoperative day 21. Within 48 hours of surgery, 56.2% of major bleeding events, 56.2% of bleeding leading to transfusion, 56.1% of bleeding independently associated with mortality after noncardiac surgery, 51.8% of bleeding associated with hemoglobin less than 7 g/dL, and 51.8% of bleeding associated with reintervention had occurred. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, of the major postoperative bleeding events in the first 30 days, more than three-quarters occurred during the first postoperative week. These findings are useful for researchers for the planning future clinical research and for clinicians in prevention of bleeding-related surgical complications and in decision-making regarding starting of pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis after surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavel S. Roshanov
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sara V. Tornberg
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - P. J. Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kari A. O. Tikkinen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, South Karelian Central Hospital, Lappeenranta, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lavikainen LI, Guyatt GH, Kalliala IEJ, Cartwright R, Luomaranta AL, Vernooij RWM, Tähtinen RM, Tadayon Najafabadi B, Singh T, Pourjamal N, Oksjoki SM, Khamani N, Karjalainen PK, Joronen KM, Izett-Kay ML, Haukka J, Halme ALE, Ge FZ, Galambosi PJ, Devereaux PJ, Cárdenas JL, Couban RJ, Aro KM, Aaltonen RL, Tikkinen KAO. Risk of thrombosis and bleeding in gynecologic noncancer surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:390-402. [PMID: 38072372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.11.1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to provide procedure-specific estimates of the risk for symptomatic venous thromboembolism and major bleeding in noncancer gynecologic surgeries. DATA SOURCES We conducted comprehensive searches on Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Furthermore, we performed separate searches for randomized trials that addressed the effects of thromboprophylaxis. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Eligible studies were observational studies that enrolled ≥50 adult patients who underwent noncancer gynecologic surgery procedures and that reported the absolute incidence of at least 1 of the following: symptomatic pulmonary embolism, symptomatic deep vein thrombosis, symptomatic venous thromboembolism, bleeding that required reintervention (including re-exploration and angioembolization), bleeding that led to transfusion, or postoperative hemoglobin level <70 g/L. METHODS A teams of 2 reviewers independently assessed eligibility, performed data extraction, and evaluated the risk of bias of the eligible articles. We adjusted the reported estimates for thromboprophylaxis and length of follow-up and used the median value from studies to determine the cumulative incidence at 4 weeks postsurgery stratified by patient venous thromboembolism risk factors and used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to rate the evidence certainty. RESULTS We included 131 studies (1,741,519 patients) that reported venous thromboembolism risk estimates for 50 gynecologic noncancer procedures and bleeding requiring reintervention estimates for 35 procedures. The evidence certainty was generally moderate or low for venous thromboembolism and low or very low for bleeding requiring reintervention. The risk for symptomatic venous thromboembolism varied from a median of <0.1% for several procedures (eg, transvaginal oocyte retrieval) to 1.5% for others (eg, minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy with hysterectomy, 1.2%-4.6% across patient venous thromboembolism risk groups). Venous thromboembolism risk was <0.5% for 30 (60%) of the procedures; 0.5% to 1.0% for 10 (20%) procedures; and >1.0% for 10 (20%) procedures. The risk for bleeding the require reintervention varied from <0.1% (transvaginal oocyte retrieval) to 4.0% (open myomectomy). The bleeding requiring reintervention risk was <0.5% in 17 (49%) procedures, 0.5% to 1.0% for 12 (34%) procedures, and >1.0% in 6 (17%) procedures. CONCLUSION The risk for venous thromboembolism in gynecologic noncancer surgery varied between procedures and patients. Venous thromboembolism risks exceeded the bleeding risks only among selected patients and procedures. Although most of the evidence is of low certainty, the results nevertheless provide a compelling rationale for restricting pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis to a minority of patients who undergo gynecologic noncancer procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gordon H Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ilkka E J Kalliala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rufus Cartwright
- Chelsea Centre for Gender Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Gynaecology, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna L Luomaranta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robin W M Vernooij
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Riikka M Tähtinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Borna Tadayon Najafabadi
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tino Singh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Negar Pourjamal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Nadina Khamani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Childrens' Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Päivi K Karjalainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi M Joronen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland
| | - Matthew L Izett-Kay
- Urogynaecology Department, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jari Haukka
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Clinicum/Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alex L E Halme
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fang Zhou Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Päivi J Galambosi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P J Devereaux
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jovita L Cárdenas
- National Center for Health Technology Excellence (CENETEC), Direction of Health Technologies assessment, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rachel J Couban
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karoliina M Aro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka L Aaltonen
- Urogynaecology Department, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kari A O Tikkinen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Surgery, South Karelian Central Hospital, Lappeenranta, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sprague S, Slobogean G, Wells JL, O'Hara NN, Thabane L, Mullins CD, Harris AD, Wood A, Viskontas D, Apostle KL, O'Toole RV, Joshi M, Johal H, Al-Asiri J, Hymes RA, Gaski GE, Pilson HT, Carroll EA, Babcock S, Halvorson JJ, Romeo NM, Matson CA, Higgins TF, Marchand LS, Bergin PF, Morellato J, Van Demark RE, Potter GD, Gitajn IL, Chang G, Phelps KD, Kempton LB, Karunakar M, Jaeblon T, Demyanovich HK, Domes CM, Kuhn GR, Reilly RM, Gage MJ, Weaver MJ, von Keudell AG, Heng M, McTague MF, Alnasser A, Mehta S, Donegan DJ, Natoli RM, Szatkowski J, Scott AN, Shannon SF, Jeray KJ, Tanner SL, Marmor MT, Matityahu A, Fowler JT, Pierrie SN, Beltran MJ, Thomson CG, Lin CA, Moon CN, Scolaro JA, Amirhekmat A, Leonard J, Pogorzelski D, Bzovsky S, Heels-Ansdell D, Szasz OP, Gallant JL, Della Rocca GJ, Zura RD, Hebden JN, Patterson JT, Lee C, O'Hara LM, Marvel D, Palmer JE, Friedrich J, D'Alleyrand JCG, Rivera JC, Mossuto F, Schrank GM, Guyatt G, Devereaux PJ, Bhandari M. Skin Antisepsis before Surgical Fixation of Extremity Fractures. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:409-420. [PMID: 38294973 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2307679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies evaluating surgical-site infection have had conflicting results with respect to the use of alcohol solutions containing iodine povacrylex or chlorhexidine gluconate as skin antisepsis before surgery to repair a fractured limb (i.e., an extremity fracture). METHODS In a cluster-randomized, crossover trial at 25 hospitals in the United States and Canada, we randomly assigned hospitals to use a solution of 0.7% iodine povacrylex in 74% isopropyl alcohol (iodine group) or 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol (chlorhexidine group) as preoperative antisepsis for surgical procedures to repair extremity fractures. Every 2 months, the hospitals alternated interventions. Separate populations of patients with either open or closed fractures were enrolled and included in the analysis. The primary outcome was surgical-site infection, which included superficial incisional infection within 30 days or deep incisional or organ-space infection within 90 days. The secondary outcome was unplanned reoperation for fracture-healing complications. RESULTS A total of 6785 patients with a closed fracture and 1700 patients with an open fracture were included in the trial. In the closed-fracture population, surgical-site infection occurred in 77 patients (2.4%) in the iodine group and in 108 patients (3.3%) in the chlorhexidine group (odds ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55 to 1.00; P = 0.049). In the open-fracture population, surgical-site infection occurred in 54 patients (6.5%) in the iodine group and in 60 patients (7.3%) in the chlorhexidine group (odd ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.58 to 1.27; P = 0.45). The frequencies of unplanned reoperation, 1-year outcomes, and serious adverse events were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with closed extremity fractures, skin antisepsis with iodine povacrylex in alcohol resulted in fewer surgical-site infections than antisepsis with chlorhexidine gluconate in alcohol. In patients with open fractures, the results were similar in the two groups. (Funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; PREPARE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03523962.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Sprague
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Gerard Slobogean
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Jeffrey L Wells
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Nathan N O'Hara
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Lehana Thabane
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - C Daniel Mullins
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Anthony D Harris
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Amber Wood
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Darius Viskontas
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Kelly L Apostle
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Robert V O'Toole
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Manjari Joshi
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Herman Johal
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Jamal Al-Asiri
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Robert A Hymes
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Greg E Gaski
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Holly T Pilson
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Eben A Carroll
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Sharon Babcock
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Jason J Halvorson
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Nicholas M Romeo
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Christopher A Matson
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Thomas F Higgins
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Lucas S Marchand
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Patrick F Bergin
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - John Morellato
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Robert E Van Demark
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - G David Potter
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - I Leah Gitajn
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Gerard Chang
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Kevin D Phelps
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Laurence B Kempton
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Madhav Karunakar
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Todd Jaeblon
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Haley K Demyanovich
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Christopher M Domes
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Gabrielle R Kuhn
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Rachel M Reilly
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Mark J Gage
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Michael J Weaver
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Arvind G von Keudell
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Marilyn Heng
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Michael F McTague
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Ahmad Alnasser
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Samir Mehta
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Derek J Donegan
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Roman M Natoli
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Jan Szatkowski
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Alesha N Scott
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Steven F Shannon
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Kyle J Jeray
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Stephanie L Tanner
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Meir T Marmor
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Amir Matityahu
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Justin T Fowler
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Sarah N Pierrie
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Michael J Beltran
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Cameron G Thomson
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Carol A Lin
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Charles N Moon
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - John A Scolaro
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Arya Amirhekmat
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Jordan Leonard
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - David Pogorzelski
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Sofia Bzovsky
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Diane Heels-Ansdell
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Olivia P Szasz
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Jodi L Gallant
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Gregory J Della Rocca
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Robert D Zura
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Joan N Hebden
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Joseph T Patterson
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Christopher Lee
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Lyndsay M O'Hara
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Debra Marvel
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Jana E Palmer
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Jeff Friedrich
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Jean-Claude G D'Alleyrand
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Jessica C Rivera
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Franca Mossuto
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Gregory M Schrank
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - P J Devereaux
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gaudino M, Flather M, Capodanno D, Milojevic M, Bhatt DL, Biondi Zoccai G, Boden WE, Devereaux PJ, Doenst T, Farkouh M, Freemantle N, Fremes S, Puskas J, Landoni G, Lawton J, Myers PO, Redfors B, Sandner S. European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) expert consensus statement on perioperative myocardial infarction after cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 65:ezad415. [PMID: 38420786 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezad415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac surgery may lead to myocardial damage and release of cardiac biomarkers through various mechanisms such as cardiac manipulation, systemic inflammation, myocardial hypoxia, cardioplegic arrest and ischaemia caused by coronary or graft occlusion. Defining perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) after cardiac surgery presents challenges, and the association between the current PMI definitions and postoperative outcomes remains uncertain. To address these challenges, the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) facilitated collaboration among a multidisciplinary group to evaluate the existing evidence on the mechanisms, diagnosis and prognostic implications of PMI after cardiac surgery. The review found that the postoperative troponin value thresholds associated with an increased risk of mortality are markedly higher than those proposed by all the current definitions of PMI. Additionally, it was found that large postoperative increases in cardiac biomarkers are prognostically relevant even in absence of additional supportive signs of ischaemia. A new algorithm for PMI detection after cardiac surgery was also proposed, and a consensus was reached within the group that establishing a prognostically relevant definition of PMI is critically needed in the cardiovascular field and that PMI should be included in the primary composite outcome of coronary intervention trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcus Flather
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Department of Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Davide Capodanno
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Milan Milojevic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiovascular Research, Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giuseppe Biondi Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - William E Boden
- VA New England Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P J Devereaux
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Torsten Doenst
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Farkouh
- Academic Affairs, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Freemantle
- Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Fremes
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John Puskas
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mount Sinai Morningside, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Landoni
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Jennifer Lawton
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick O Myers
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, CHUV-Center Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Björn Redfors
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sigrid Sandner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tabja Bortesi JP, Ranisau J, Di S, McGillion M, Rosella L, Johnson A, Devereaux PJ, Petch J. Machine Learning Approaches for the Image-Based Identification of Surgical Wound Infections: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e52880. [PMID: 38236623 PMCID: PMC10835585 DOI: 10.2196/52880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical site infections (SSIs) occur frequently and impact patients and health care systems. Remote surveillance of surgical wounds is currently limited by the need for manual assessment by clinicians. Machine learning (ML)-based methods have recently been used to address various aspects of the postoperative wound healing process and may be used to improve the scalability and cost-effectiveness of remote surgical wound assessment. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to provide an overview of the ML methods that have been used to identify surgical wound infections from images. METHODS We conducted a scoping review of ML approaches for visual detection of SSIs following the JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) methodology. Reports of participants in any postoperative context focusing on identification of surgical wound infections were included. Studies that did not address SSI identification, surgical wounds, or did not use image or video data were excluded. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Web of Science Core Collection, IEEE Xplore, Compendex, and arXiv for relevant studies in November 2022. The records retrieved were double screened for eligibility. A data extraction tool was used to chart the relevant data, which was described narratively and presented using tables. Employment of TRIPOD (Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis) guidelines was evaluated and PROBAST (Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool) was used to assess risk of bias (RoB). RESULTS In total, 10 of the 715 unique records screened met the eligibility criteria. In these studies, the clinical contexts and surgical procedures were diverse. All papers developed diagnostic models, though none performed external validation. Both traditional ML and deep learning methods were used to identify SSIs from mostly color images, and the volume of images used ranged from under 50 to thousands. Further, 10 TRIPOD items were reported in at least 4 studies, though 15 items were reported in fewer than 4 studies. PROBAST assessment led to 9 studies being identified as having an overall high RoB, with 1 study having overall unclear RoB. CONCLUSIONS Research on the image-based identification of surgical wound infections using ML remains novel, and there is a need for standardized reporting. Limitations related to variability in image capture, model building, and data sources should be addressed in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Ranisau
- Centre for Data Science and Digital Health, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shuang Di
- Centre for Data Science and Digital Health, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Laura Rosella
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy Petch
- Centre for Data Science and Digital Health, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang MK, Razeghi G, Eikelboom JW, Devereaux PJ, Budgeon CA, Jacka MJ, Wright DJ, Latini R, Conen D. Colchicine and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Can J Cardiol 2024:S0828-282X(24)00018-7. [PMID: 38215967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Wang
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ghazal Razeghi
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John W Eikelboom
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charley A Budgeon
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - David J Wright
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Latini
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - David Conen
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Roshanov PS, Chan MTV, Borges FK, Conen D, Wang CY, Xavier D, Berwanger O, Marcucci M, Sessler DI, Szczeklik W, Spence J, Alonso-Coello P, Fernández C, Pearse RM, Malaga G, Garg AX, Srinathan SK, Jacka MJ, Tandon V, McGillion M, Popova E, Sigamani A, Abraham V, Biccard BM, Villar JC, Chow CK, Polanczyk CA, Tiboni M, Whitlock R, Ackland GL, Panju M, Lamy A, Sapsford R, Williams C, Wu WKK, Cortés OL, MacNeil SD, Patel A, Belley-Côté EP, Ofori S, McIntyre WF, Leong DP, Heels-Ansdell D, Gregus K, Devereaux PJ. One-year Outcomes after Discharge from Noncardiac Surgery and Association between Predischarge Complications and Death after Discharge: Analysis of the VISION Prospective Cohort Study. Anesthesiology 2024; 140:8-24. [PMID: 37713506 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous analyses, myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery, major bleeding, and sepsis were independently associated with most deaths in the 30 days after noncardiac surgery, but most of these deaths occurred during the index hospitalization for surgery. The authors set out to describe outcomes after discharge from hospital up to 1 yr after inpatient noncardiac surgery and associations between predischarge complications and postdischarge death up to 1 yr after surgery. METHODS This study was an analysis of patients discharged after inpatient noncardiac surgery in a large international prospective cohort study across 28 centers from 2007 to 2013 of patients aged 45 yr or older followed to 1 yr after surgery. The study estimated (1) the cumulative postdischarge incidence of death and other outcomes up to a year after surgery and (2) the adjusted time-varying associations between postdischarge death and predischarge complications including myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery, major bleeding, sepsis, infection without sepsis, stroke, congestive heart failure, clinically important atrial fibrillation or flutter, amputation, venous thromboembolism, and acute kidney injury managed with dialysis. RESULTS Among 38,898 patients discharged after surgery, the cumulative 1-yr incidence was 5.8% (95% CI, 5.5 to 6.0%) for all-cause death and 24.7% (95% CI, 24.2 to 25.1%) for all-cause hospital readmission. Predischarge complications were associated with 33.7% (95% CI, 27.2 to 40.2%) of deaths up to 30 days after discharge and 15.0% (95% CI, 12.0 to 17.9%) up to 1 yr. Most of the association with death was due to myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (15.6% [95% CI, 9.3 to 21.9%] of deaths within 30 days, 6.4% [95% CI, 4.1 to 8.7%] within 1 yr), major bleeding (15.0% [95% CI, 8.3 to 21.7%] within 30 days, 4.7% [95% CI, 2.2 to 7.2%] within 1 yr), and sepsis (5.4% [95% CI, 2.2 to 8.6%] within 30 days, 2.1% [95% CI, 1.0 to 3.1%] within 1 yr). CONCLUSIONS One in 18 patients 45 yr old or older discharged after inpatient noncardiac surgery died within 1 yr, and one quarter were readmitted to the hospital. The risk of death associated with predischarge perioperative complications persists for weeks to months after discharge. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S Roshanov
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong and Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Flavia K Borges
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - David Conen
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - C Y Wang
- Honorary Professor; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Denis Xavier
- St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Otavio Berwanger
- George Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom; Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maura Marcucci
- Clinical Epidemiology and Research Centre (CERC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Daniel I Sessler
- Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wojciech Szczeklik
- Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jessica Spence
- Anesthesia and Critical Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Pablo Alonso-Coello
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Fernández
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rupert M Pearse
- Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - German Malaga
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Amit X Garg
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | | - Michael J Jacka
- Department of Critical Care and Anesthesia, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Vikas Tandon
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Michael McGillion
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ekaterine Popova
- IIB Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alben Sigamani
- Numen Health, Bangalore, India; Narayana Hrudayalaya Health City Bangalore, Bangalore, India
| | - Valsa Abraham
- Christian Medical College and Hospital Ludhiana, Ludhiana, India
| | - Bruce M Biccard
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | | | - Clara K Chow
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carísi A Polanczyk
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Institute for Health Technology Assessment, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Tiboni
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Richard Whitlock
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Gareth L Ackland
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Panju
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - André Lamy
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Robert Sapsford
- Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Williams
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Olga L Cortés
- Research Department and Nursing Department, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - S Danielle MacNeil
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada; Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Canada
| | - Ameen Patel
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Emilie P Belley-Côté
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sandra Ofori
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - William F McIntyre
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Darryl P Leong
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Diane Heels-Ansdell
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - P J Devereaux
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pandey A, Okaj I, Ichhpuniani S, Tao B, Kaur H, Spence JD, Young J, Healey JS, Devereaux PJ, Um KJ, Benz AP, Conen D, Whitlock RP, Belley-Cote EP, McIntyre WF. Risk Scores for Prediction of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Cardiol 2023; 209:232-240. [PMID: 37922611 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.08.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication after cardiac surgery and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the performance of risk scores to predict POAF in cardiac surgery patients. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL for studies that developed/evaluated a POAF risk prediction model. Pairs of reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data. We pooled area under the receiver operating curves (AUCs), sensitivity and specificity, and adjusted odds ratios from multivariable regression analyses using the generic inverse variance method and random effects models. Forty-three studies (n = 63,847) were included in the quantitative synthesis. Most scores were originally developed for other purposes but evaluated for predicting POAF. Pooled AUC revealed moderate POAF discrimination for the EuroSCORE II (AUC 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54 to 0.65), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (AUC 0.60, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.63), EuroSCORE (AUC 0.63, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.68), CHADS2 (AUC 0.66, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.75), POAF Score (AUC 0.66, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.68), HATCH (AUC 0.67, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.75), CHA2DS2-VASc (AUC 0.68, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.75) and SYNTAX scores (AUC 0.74, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.78). Pooled analyses at specific cutoffs of the CHA2DS2-VASc, CHADS2, HATCH, and POAF scores demonstrated moderate-to-high sensitivity (range 46% to 87%) and low-to-moderate specificity (range 31% to 70%) for POAF prediction. In conclusion, existing clinical risk scores offer at best moderate prediction for POAF after cardiac surgery. Better models are needed to guide POAF risk stratification in cardiac surgery patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Pandey
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iva Okaj
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Brendan Tao
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hargun Kaur
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jack Young
- Health Sciences Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff S Healey
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin J Um
- Division of Cardiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - David Conen
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Emilie P Belley-Cote
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - William F McIntyre
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Devereaux PJ, Ofori S. Utility of pre-operative cardiac biomarkers to predict myocardial infarction and injury after non-cardiac surgery. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2023; 12:740-742. [PMID: 37972289 PMCID: PMC10653664 DOI: 10.1093/ehjacc/zuad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P J Devereaux
- World Health Research Trust, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Heath Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - Sandra Ofori
- World Health Research Trust, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Heath Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Conen D, Ke Wang M, Popova E, Chan MTV, Landoni G, Cata JP, Reimer C, McLean SR, Srinathan SK, Reyes JCT, Grande AM, Tallada AG, Sessler DI, Fleischmann E, Kabon B, Voltolini L, Cruz P, Maziak DE, Gutiérrez-Soriano L, McIntyre WF, Tandon V, Martínez-Téllez E, Guerra-Londono JJ, DuMerton D, Wong RHL, McGuire AL, Kidane B, Roux DP, Shargall Y, Wells JR, Ofori SN, Vincent J, Xu L, Li Z, Eikelboom JW, Jolly SS, Healey JS, Devereaux PJ. Effect of colchicine on perioperative atrial fibrillation and myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery in patients undergoing major thoracic surgery (COP-AF): an international randomised trial. Lancet 2023; 402:1627-1635. [PMID: 37640035 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers are associated with an increased risk of perioperative atrial fibrillation and myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS). Colchicine is an anti-inflammatory drug that might reduce the incidence of these complications. METHODS COP-AF was a randomised trial conducted at 45 sites in 11 countries. Patients aged 55 years or older and undergoing major non-cardiac thoracic surgery were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive oral colchicine 0·5 mg twice daily or matching placebo, starting within 4 h before surgery and continuing for 10 days. Randomisation was done with use of a computerised, web-based system, and was stratified by centre. Health-care providers, patients, data collectors, and adjudicators were masked to treatment assignment. The coprimary outcomes were clinically important perioperative atrial fibrillation and MINS during 14 days of follow-up. The main safety outcomes were a composite of sepsis or infection, and non-infectious diarrhoea. The intention-to-treat principle was used for all analyses. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03310125. FINDINGS Between Feb 14, 2018, and June 27, 2023, we enrolled 3209 patients (mean age 68 years [SD 7], 1656 [51·6%] male). Clinically important atrial fibrillation occurred in 103 (6·4%) of 1608 patients assigned to colchicine, and 120 (7·5%) of 1601 patients assigned to placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 0·85, 95% CI 0·65 to 1·10; absolute risk reduction [ARR] 1·1%, 95% CI -0·7 to 2·8; p=0·22). MINS occurred in 295 (18·3%) patients assigned to colchicine and 325 (20·3%) patients assigned to placebo (HR 0·89, 0·76 to 1·05; ARR 2·0%, -0·8 to 4·7; p=0·16). The composite outcome of sepsis or infection occurred in 103 (6·4%) patients in the colchicine group and 83 (5·2%) patients in the placebo group (HR 1·24, 0·93-1·66). Non-infectious diarrhoea was more common in the colchicine group (134 [8·3%] events) than the placebo group (38 [2·4%]; HR 3·64, 2·54-5·22). INTERPRETATION In patients undergoing major non-cardiac thoracic surgery, administration of colchicine did not significantly reduce the incidence of clinically important atrial fibrillation or MINS but increased the risk of mostly benign non-infectious diarrhoea. FUNDING Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Accelerating Clinical Trials Consortium, Innovation Fund of the Alternative Funding Plan for the Academic Health Sciences Centres of Ontario, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Division of Cardiology at McMaster University, Canada; Hanela Foundation, Switzerland; and General Research Fund, Research Grants Council, Hong Kong.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Conen
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Michael Ke Wang
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ekaterine Popova
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Giovanni Landoni
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine, Vita-Salute University San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Juan P Cata
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cara Reimer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Queen's University, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sean R McLean
- Vancouver Acute Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel I Sessler
- Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Edith Fleischmann
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Kabon
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Voltolini
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Patrícia Cruz
- Service of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, General University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Donna E Maziak
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Gutiérrez-Soriano
- Anesthesiology Department, Anesthesiology Research Group, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - William F McIntyre
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Vikas Tandon
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Juan Jose Guerra-Londono
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Randolph H L Wong
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anna L McGuire
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Biniam Kidane
- Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Yaron Shargall
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sandra N Ofori
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lizhen Xu
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Zhuoru Li
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John W Eikelboom
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sanjit S Jolly
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jeff S Healey
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Marcucci M, Balasubramanian K, Devereaux PJ. Hypotension-Avoidance Versus Hypertension-Avoidance Strategies in Noncardiac Surgery. Ann Intern Med 2023; 176:eL230324. [PMID: 37983797 DOI: 10.7326/l23-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maura Marcucci
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Heo RH, Wang MK, Meyre PB, Birchenough L, Park L, Vuong K, Devereaux PJ, Blum S, Lindahl B, Stone G, Conen D. Associations of Inflammatory Biomarkers With the Risk of Morbidity and Mortality After Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1686-1694. [PMID: 37495205 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although inflammatory biomarkers have been associated with cardiovascular events in nonsurgical settings, these associations have not been systematically addressed in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This review aimed to evaluate the relationships of inflammatory markers with mortality and adverse cardiovascular events in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS Medline, Embase, and Central databases were systematically searched for studies reporting pre- or postoperative levels of inflammatory biomarkers in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Outcomes of interest were postoperative mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Studies reporting multivariable adjusted risk estimates were included. Risk estimates were pooled with the use of random-effects models and reported as summary odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS Among 14,465 citations identified, 29 studies including 29,401 participants met the eligibility criteria. The average follow-up time after surgery was 31 months. Preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.60-2.20; I2 = 19%; 11 studies) and MACE (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.34-2.24; I2 = 0%; 3 studies). CRP levels measured on postoperative day 6 (OR 7.4, 95% CI 2.90-18.88, 1 study) and day 10 (OR 11.8, 95% CI 3.50-39.78, 1 study) were associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Less, but overall similar, information was available for other inflammatory biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS In this large meta-analysis, inflammatory biomarkers measured before or after cardiac surgery were associated with mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Haeeun Heo
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Ke Wang
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pascal B Meyre
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lauren Birchenough
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louis Park
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kiven Vuong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steffen Blum
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bertil Lindahl
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gregg Stone
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Conen
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Brière R, Émond M, Benhamed A, Blanchard PG, Drolet S, Habashi R, Golbon B, Shellenberger J, Pasternak J, Merchant S, Shellenberger J, La J, Sawhney M, Brogly S, Cadili L, Horkoff M, Ainslie S, Demetrick J, Chai B, Wiseman K, Hwang H, Alhumoud Z, Salem A, Lau R, Aw K, Nessim C, Gawad N, Alibhai K, Towaij C, Doan D, Raîche I, Valji R, Turner S, Balmes PN, Hwang H, Hameed SM, Tan JGK, Wijesuriya R, Tan JGK, Hew NLC, Wijesuriya R, Lund M, Hawel J, Gregor J, Leslie K, Lenet T, McIsaac D, Hallet J, Jerath A, Lalu M, Nicholls S, Presseau J, Tinmouth A, Verret M, Wherrett C, Fergusson D, Martel G, Sharma S, McKechnie T, Talwar G, Patel J, Heimann L, Doumouras A, Hong D, Eskicioglu C, Wang C, Guo M, Huang L, Sun S, Davis N, Wang J, Skulsky S, Sikora L, Raîche I, Son HJ, Gee D, Gomez D, Jung J, Selvam R, Seguin N, Zhang L, Lacaille-Ranger A, Sikora L, McIsaac D, Moloo H, Follett A, Holly, Organ M, Pace D, Balvardi S, Kaneva P, Semsar-Kazerooni K, Mueller C, Vassiliou M, Al Mahroos M, Fiore JF, Schwartzman K, Feldman L, Guo M, Karimuddin A, Liu GP, Crump T, Sutherland J, Hickey K, Bonisteel EM, Umali J, Dogar I, Warden G, Boone D, Mathieson A, Hogan M, Pace D, Seguin N, Moloo H, Li Y, Best G, Leong R, Wiseman S, Alaoui AA, Hajjar R, Wassef E, Metellus DS, Dagbert F, Loungnarath R, Ratelle R, Schwenter F, Debroux É, Wassef R, Gagnon-Konamna M, Pomp A, Richard CS, Sebajang H, Alaoui AA, Hajjar R, Dagbert F, Loungnarath R, Sebajang H, Ratelle R, Schwenter F, Debroux É, Wassef R, Gagnon-Konamna M, Pomp A, Santos MM, Richard CS, Shi G, Leung R, Lim C, Knowles S, Parmar S, Wang C, Debru E, Mohamed F, Anakin M, Lee Y, Samarasinghe Y, Khamar J, Petrisor B, McKechnie T, Eskicioglu C, Yang I, Mughal HN, Bhugio M, Gok MA, Khan UA, Fernandes AR, Spence R, Porter G, Hoogerboord CM, Neumann K, Pillar M, Guo M, Manhas N, Melck A, Kazi T, McKechnie T, Jessani G, Heimann L, Lee Y, Hong D, Eskicioglu C, McKechnie T, Tessier L, Archer V, Park L, Cohen D, Parpia S, Bhandari M, Dionne J, Eskicioglu C, Bolin S, Afford R, Armstrong M, Karimuddin A, Leung R, Shi G, Lim C, Grant A, Van Koughnett JA, Knowles S, Clement E, Lange C, Roshan A, Karimuddin A, Scott T, Nadeau K, Macmillan J, Wilson J, Deschenes M, Nurullah A, Cahill C, Chen VH, Patterson KM, Wiseman SM, Wen B, Bhudial J, Barton A, Lie J, Park CM, Yang L, Gouskova N, Kim DH, Afford R, Bolin S, Morris-Janzen D, McLellan A, Karimuddin A, Archer V, Cloutier Z, Berg A, McKechnie T, Wiercioch W, Eskicioglu C, Labonté J, Bisson P, Bégin A, Cheng-Oviedo SG, Collin Y, Fernandes AR, Hossain I, Ellsmere J, El-Kefraoui C, Do U, Miller A, Kouyoumdjian A, Cui D, Khorasani E, Landry T, Amar-Zifkin A, Lee L, Feldman L, Fiore J, Au TM, Oppenheimer M, Logsetty S, AlShammari R, AlAbri M, Karimuddin A, Brown C, Raval MJ, Phang PT, Bird S, Baig Z, Abu-Omar N, Gill D, Suresh S, Ginther N, Karpinski M, Ghuman A, Malik PRA, Alibhai K, Zabolotniuk T, Raîche I, Gawad N, Mashal S, Boulanger N, Watt L, Razek T, Fata P, Grushka J, Wong EG, Hossain I, Landry M, Mackey S, Fairbridge N, Greene A, Borgoankar M, Kim C, DeCarvalho D, Pace D, Wigen R, Walser E, Davidson J, Dorward M, Muszynski L, Dann C, Seemann N, Lam J, Harding K, Lowik AJ, Guinard C, Wiseman S, Ma O, Mocanu V, Lin A, Karmali S, Bigam D, Harding K, Greaves G, Parker B, Nguyen V, Ahmed A, Yee B, Perren J, Norman M, Grey M, Perini R, Jowhari F, Bak A, Drung J, Allen L, Wiseman D, Moffat B, Lee JKH, McGuire C, Raîche I, Tudorache M, Gawad N, Park LJ, Borges FK, Nenshi R, Jacka M, Heels-Ansdell D, Simunovic M, Bogach J, Serrano PE, Thabane L, Devereaux PJ, Farooq S, Lester E, Kung J, Bradley N, Best G, Ahn S, Zhang L, Prince N, Cheng-Boivin O, Seguin N, Wang H, Quartermain L, Tan S, Shamess J, Simard M, Vigil H, Raîche I, Hanna M, Moloo H, Azam R, Ko G, Zhu M, Raveendran Y, Lam C, Tang J, Bajwa A, Englesakis M, Reel E, Cleland J, Snell L, Lorello G, Cil T, Ahn HS, Dube C, McIsaac D, Smith D, Leclerc A, Shamess J, Rostom A, Calo N, Thavorn K, Moloo H, Laplante S, Liu L, Khan N, Okrainec A, Ma O, Lin A, Mocanu V, Karmali S, Bigam D, Bruyninx G, Georgescu I, Khokhotva V, Talwar G, Sharma S, McKechnie T, Yang S, Khamar J, Hong D, Doumouras A, Eskicioglu C, Spoyalo K, Rebello TA, Chhipi-Shrestha G, Mayson K, Sadiq R, Hewage K, MacNeill A, Muncner S, Li MY, Mihajlovic I, Dykstra M, Snelgrove R, Wang H, Schweitzer C, Wiseman SM, Garcha I, Jogiat U, Baracos V, Turner SR, Eurich D, Filafilo H, Rouhi A, Bédard A, Bédard ELR, Patel YS, Alaichi JA, Agzarian J, Hanna WC, Patel YS, Alaichi JA, Provost E, Shayegan B, Adili A, Hanna WC, Mistry N, Gatti AA, Patel YS, Farrokhyar F, Xie F, Hanna WC, Sullivan KA, Farrokhyar F, Patel YS, Liberman M, Turner SR, Gonzalez AV, Nayak R, Yasufuku K, Hanna WC, Mistry N, Gatti AA, Patel YS, Cross S, Farrokhyar F, Xie F, Hanna WC, Haché PL, Galvaing G, Simard S, Grégoire J, Bussières J, Lacasse Y, Sassi S, Champagne C, Laliberté AS, Jeong JY, Jogiat U, Wilson H, Bédard A, Blakely P, Dang J, Sun W, Karmali S, Bédard ELR, Wong C, Hakim SY, Azizi S, El-Menyar A, Rizoli S, Al-Thani H, Fernandes AR, French D, Li C, Ellsmere J, Gossen S, French D, Bailey J, Tibbo P, Crocker C, Bondzi-Simpson A, Ribeiro T, Kidane B, Ko M, Coburn N, Kulkarni G, Hallet J, Ramzee AF, Afifi I, Alani M, El-Menyar A, Rizoli S, Al-Thani H, Chughtai T, Huo B, Manos D, Xu Z, Kontouli KM, Chun S, Fris J, Wallace AMR, French DG, Giffin C, Liberman M, Dayan G, Laliberté AS, Yasufuku K, Farivar A, Kidane B, Weessies C, Robinson M, Bednarek L, Buduhan G, Liu R, Tan L, Srinathan SK, Kidane B, Nasralla A, Safieddine N, Gazala S, Simone C, Ahmadi N, Hilzenrat R, Blitz M, Deen S, Humer M, Jugnauth A, Buduhan G, Kerr L, Sun S, Browne I, Patel Y, Hanna W, Loshusan B, Shamsil A, Naish MD, Qiabi M, Nayak R, Patel R, Malthaner R, Pooja P, Roberto R, Greg H, Daniel F, Huynh C, Sharma S, Vieira A, Jain F, Lee Y, Mousa-Doust D, Costa J, Mezei M, Chapman K, Briemberg H, Jack K, Grant K, Choi J, Yee J, McGuire AL, Abdul SA, Khazoom F, Aw K, Lau R, Gilbert S, Sundaresan S, Jones D, Seely AJE, Villeneuve PJ, Maziak DE, Pigeon CA, Frigault J, Drolet S, Roy ÈM, Bujold-Pitre K, Courval V, Tessier L, McKechnie T, Lee Y, Park L, Gangam N, Eskicioglu C, Cloutier Z, McKechnie T, Archer V, Park L, Lee J, Patel A, Hong D, Eskicioglu C, Ichhpuniani S, McKechnie T, Elder G, Chen A, Logie K, Doumouras A, Hong D, Benko R, Eskicioglu C, Castelo M, Paszat L, Hansen B, Scheer A, Faught N, Nguyen L, Baxter N, Sharma S, McKechnie T, Khamar J, Wu K, Eskicioglu C, McKechnie T, Khamar J, Lee Y, Tessier L, Passos E, Doumouras A, Hong D, Eskicioglu C, McKechnie T, Khamar J, Sachdeva A, Lee Y, Hong D, Eskicioglu C, Fei LYN, Caycedo A, Patel S, Popa T, Boudreau L, Grin A, Wang T, Lie J, Karimuddin A, Brown C, Phang T, Raval M, Ghuman A, Candy S, Nanda K, Li C, Snelgrove R, Dykstra M, Kroeker K, Wang H, Roy H, Helewa RM, Johnson G, Singh H, Hyun E, Moffatt D, Vergis A, Balmes P, Phang T, Guo M, Liu J, Roy H, Webber S, Shariff F, Helewa RM, Hochman D, Park J, Johnson G, Hyun E, Robitaille S, Wang A, Maalouf M, Alali N, Elhaj H, Liberman S, Charlebois P, Stein B, Feldman L, Fiore JF, Lee L, Hu R, Lacaille-Ranger A, Ahn S, Tudorache M, Moloo H, Williams L, Raîche I, Musselman R, Lemke M, Allen L, Samarasinghe N, Vogt K, Brackstone M, Zwiep T, Clement E, Lange C, Alam A, Ghuman A, Karimuddin A, Phang T, Raval M, Brown C, Clement E, Liu J, Ghuman A, Karimuddin A, Phang T, Raval M, Brown C, Mughal HN, Gok MA, Khan UA, Mughal HN, Gok MA, Khan UA, Mughal HN, Gok MA, Khan UA, Mughal HN, Gok MA, Khan UA, James N, Zwiep T, Van Koughnett JA, Laczko D, McKechnie T, Yang S, Wu K, Sharma S, Lee Y, Park L, Doumouras A, Hong D, Parpia S, Bhandari M, Eskicioglu C, McKechnie T, Tessier L, Lee S, Kazi T, Sritharan P, Lee Y, Doumouras A, Hong D, Eskicioglu C, McKechnie T, Lee Y, Hong D, Dionne J, Doumouras A, Parpia S, Bhandari M, Eskicioglu C, Hershorn O, Ghuman A, Karimuddin A, Brown C, Raval M, Phang PT, Chen A, Boutros M, Caminsky N, Dumitra T, Faris-Sabboobeh S, Demian M, Rigas G, Monton O, Smith A, Moon J, Demian M, Garfinkle R, Vasilevsky CA, Rajabiyazdi F, Boutros M, Courage E, LeBlanc D, Benesch M, Hickey K, Hartwig K, Armstrong C, Engelbrecht R, Fagan M, Borgaonkar M, Pace D, Shanahan J, Moon J, Salama E, Wang A, Arsenault M, Leon N, Loiselle C, Rajabiyazdi F, Boutros M, Brennan K, Rai M, Farooq A, McClintock C, Kong W, Patel S, Boukhili N, Caminsky N, Faris-Sabboobeh S, Demian M, Boutros M, Paradis T, Robitaille S, Dumitra T, Liberman AS, Charlebois P, Stein B, Fiore JF, Feldman LS, Lee L, Zwiep T, Abner D, Alam T, Beyer E, Evans M, Hill M, Johnston D, Lohnes K, Menard S, Pitcher N, Sair K, Smith B, Yarjau B, LeBlanc K, Samarasinghe N, Karimuddin AA, Brown CJ, Phang PT, Raval MJ, MacDonell K, Ghuman A, Harvey A, Phang PT, Karimuddin A, Brown CJ, Raval MJ, Ghuman A, Hershorn O, Ghuman A, Karimuddin A, Raval M, Phang PT, Brown C, Logie K, Mckechnie T, Lee Y, Hong D, Eskicioglu C, Matta M, Baker L, Hopkins J, Rochon R, Buie D, MacLean A, Ghuman A, Park J, Karimuddin AA, Phang PT, Raval MJ, Brown CJ, Farooq A, Ghuman A, Patel S, Macdonald H, Karimuddin A, Raval M, Phang PT, Brown C, Wiseman V, Brennan K, Patel S, Farooq A, Merchant S, Kong W, McClintock C, Booth C, Hann T, Ricci A, Patel S, Brennan K, Wiseman V, McClintock C, Kong W, Farooq A, Kakkar R, Hershorn O, Raval M, Phang PT, Karimuddin A, Ghuman A, Brown C, Wiseman V, Farooq A, Patel S, Hajjar R, Gonzalez E, Fragoso G, Oliero M, Alaoui AA, Rendos HV, Djediai S, Cuisiniere T, Laplante P, Gerkins C, Ajayi AS, Diop K, Taleb N, Thérien S, Schampaert F, Alratrout H, Dagbert F, Loungnarath R, Sebajang H, Schwenter F, Wassef R, Ratelle R, Debroux É, Cailhier JF, Routy B, Annabi B, Brereton NJB, Richard C, Santos MM, Gimon T, MacRae H, de Buck van Overstraeten A, Brar M, Chadi S, Kennedy E, Baker L, Hopkins J, Rochon R, Buie D, MacLean A, Park LJ, Archer V, McKechnie T, Lee Y, McIsaac D, Rashanov P, Eskicioglu C, Moloo H, Devereaux PJ, Alsayari R, McKechnie T, Ichhpuniani S, Lee Y, Eskicioglu C, Hajjar R, Oliero M, Fragoso G, Ajayi AS, Alaoui AA, Rendos HV, Calvé A, Cuisinière T, Gerkins C, Thérien S, Taleb N, Dagbert F, Sebajang H, Loungnarath R, Schwenter F, Ratelle R, Wassef R, Debroux E, Richard C, Santos MM, Kennedy E, Simunovic M, Schmocker S, Brown C, MacLean A, Liberman S, Drolet S, Neumann K, Stotland P, Jhaveri K, Kirsch R, Alnajem H, Alibrahim H, Giundi C, Chen A, Rigas G, Munir H, Safar A, Sabboobeh S, Holland J, Boutros M, Kennedy E, Richard C, Simunovic M, Schmocker S, Brown C, MacLean A, Liberman S, Drolet S, Neumann K, Stotland P, Jhaveri K, Kirsch R, Bruyninx G, Gill D, Alsayari R, McKechnie T, Lee Y, Hong D, Eskicioglu C, Zhang L, Abtahi S, Chhor A, Best G, Raîche I, Musselman R, Williams L, Moloo H, Caminsky NG, Moon JJ, Marinescu D, Pang A, Vasilevsky CA, Boutros M, Al-Abri M, Gee E, Karimuddin A, Phang PT, Brown C, Raval M, Ghuman A, Morena N, Ben-Zvi L, Hayman V, Hou M, Nguyen D, Rentschler CA, Meguerditchian AN, Mir Z, Fei L, McKeown S, Dinchong R, Cofie N, Dalgarno N, Cheifetz R, Merchant S, Jaffer A, Cullinane C, Feeney G, Jalali A, Merrigan A, Baban C, Buckley J, Tormey S, Benesch M, Wu R, Takabe K, Benesch M, O'Brien S, Kazazian K, Abdalaty AH, Brezden C, Burkes R, Chen E, Govindarajan A, Jang R, Kennedy E, Lukovic J, Mesci A, Quereshy F, Swallow C, Chadi S, Habashi R, Pasternak J, Marini W, Zheng W, Murakami K, Ohashi P, Reedijk M, Hu R, Ivankovic V, Han L, Gresham L, Mallick R, Auer R, Ribeiro T, Bondzi-Simpson A, Coburn N, Hallet J, Cil T, Fontebasso A, Lee A, Bernard-Bedard E, Wong B, Li H, Grose E, Brandts-Longtin O, Aw K, Lau R, Abed A, Stevenson J, Sheikh R, Chen R, Johnson-Obaseki S, Nessim C, Hennessey RL, Meneghetti AT, Bildersheim M, Bouchard-Fortier A, Nelson G, Mack L, Ghasemi F, Naeini MM, Parsyan A, Kaur Y, Covelli A, Quereshy F, Elimova E, Panov E, Lukovic J, Brierley J, Burnett B, Swallow C, Eom A, Kirkwood D, Hodgson N, Doumouras A, Bogach J, Whelan T, Levine M, Parvez E, Ng D, Kazazian K, Lee K, Lu YQ, Kim DK, Magalhaes M, Grigor E, Arnaout A, Zhang J, Yee EK, Hallet J, Look Hong NJ, Nguyen L, Coburn N, Wright FC, Gandhi S, Jerzak KJ, Eisen A, Roberts A, Ben Lustig D, Quan ML, Phan T, Bouchard-Fortier A, Cao J, Bayley C, Watanabe A, Yao S, Prisman E, Groot G, Mitmaker E, Walker R, Wu J, Pasternak J, Lai CK, Eskander A, Wasserman J, Mercier F, Roth K, Gill S, Villamil C, Goldstein D, Munro V, Pathak A, Lee D, Nguyen A, Wiseman S, Rajendran L, Claasen M, Ivanics T, Selzner N, McGilvray I, Cattral M, Ghanekar A, Moulton CA, Reichman T, Shwaartz C, Metser U, Burkes R, Winter E, Gallinger S, Sapisochin G, Glinka J, Waugh E, Leslie K, Skaro A, Tang E, Glinka J, Charbonneau J, Brind'Amour A, Turgeon AF, O'Connor S, Couture T, Wang Y, Yoshino O, Driedger M, Beckman M, Vrochides D, Martinie J, Alabduljabbar A, Aali M, Lightfoot C, Gala-Lopez B, Labelle M, D'Aragon F, Collin Y, Hirpara D, Irish J, Rashid M, Martin T, Zhu A, McKnight L, Hunter A, Jayaraman S, Wei A, Coburn N, Wright F, Mallette K, Elnahas A, Alkhamesi N, Schlachta C, Hawel J, Tang E, Punnen S, Zhong J, Yang Y, Streith L, Yu J, Chung S, Kim P, Chartier-Plante S, Segedi M, Bleszynski M, White M, Tsang ME, Jayaraman S, Lam-Tin-Cheung K, Jayaraman S, Tsang M, Greene B, Pouramin P, Allen S, Evan Nelson D, Walsh M, Côté J, Rebolledo R, Borie M, Menaouar A, Landry C, Plasse M, Létourneau R, Dagenais M, Rong Z, Roy A, Beaudry-Simoneau E, Vandenbroucke-Menu F, Lapointe R, Ferraro P, Sarkissian SD, Noiseux N, Turcotte S, Haddad Y, Bernard A, Lafortune C, Brassard N, Roy A, Perreault C, Mayer G, Marcinkiewicz M, Mbikay M, Chrétien M, Turcotte S, Waugh E, Sinclair L, Glinka J, Shin E, Engelage C, Tang E, Skaro A, Muaddi H, Flemming J, Hansen B, Dawson L, O'Kane G, Feld J, Sapisochin G, Zhu A, Jayaraman S, Cleary S, Hamel A, Pigeon CA, Marcoux C, Ngo TQP, Deshaies I, Mansouri S, Amhis N, Léveillé M, Lawson C, Achard C, Ilkow C, Collin Y, Tai LH, Park L, Griffiths C, D'Souza D, Rodriguez F, McKechnie T, Serrano PE, Hennessey RL, Yang Y, Meneghetti AT, Panton ONM, Chiu CJ, Henao O, Netto FS, Mainprize M, Hennessey RL, Chiu CJ, Hennessey RL, Chiu CJ, Jatana S, Verhoeff K, Mocanu V, Jogiat U, Birch D, Karmali S, Switzer N, Hetherington A, Verhoeff K, Mocanu V, Birch D, Karmali S, Switzer N, Safar A, Al-Ghaithi N, Vourtzoumis P, Demyttenaere S, Court O, Andalib A, Wilson H, Verhoeff K, Dang J, Kung J, Switzer N, Birch D, Madsen K, Karmali S, Mocanu V, Wu T, He W, Vergis A, Hardy K, Zmudzinski M, Daenick F, Linton J, Zmudzinski M, Fowler-Woods M, He W, Fowler-Woods A, Shingoose G, Vergis A, Hardy K, Lee Y, Doumouras A, Molnar A, Nguyen F, Hong D, Schneider R, Fecso AB, Sharma P, Maeda A, Jackson T, Okrainec A, McLean C, Mocanu V, Birch D, Karmali S, Switzer N, MacVicar S, Dang J, Mocanu V, Verhoeff K, Jogiat U, Karmali S, Birch D, Switzer N, McLennan S, Verhoeff K, Purich K, Dang J, Kung J, Mocanu V, McLennan S, Verhoeff K, Mocanu V, Jogiat U, Birch DW, Karmali S, Switzer NJ, Jeffery L, Hwang H, Ryley A, Schellenberg M, Owattanapanich N, Emigh B, Nichols C, Dilday J, Ugarte C, Onogawa A, Matsushima K, Martin MJ, Inaba K, Schellenberg M, Emigh B, Nichols C, Dilday J, Ugarte C, Onogawa A, Shapiro D, Im D, Inaba K, Schellenberg M, Owattanapanich N, Ugarte C, Lam L, Martin MJ, Inaba K, Rezende-Neto J, Patel S, Zhang L, Mir Z, Lemke M, Leeper W, Allen L, Walser E, Vogt K, Ribeiro T, Bateni S, Bondzi-Simpson A, Coburn N, Hallet J, Barabash V, Barr A, Chan W, Hakim SY, El-Menyar A, Rizoli S, Al-Thani H, Mughal HN, Bhugio M, Gok MA, Khan UA, Warraich A, Gillman L, Ziesmann M, Momic J, Yassin N, Kim M, Makish A, Walser E, Smith S, Ball I, Moffat B, Parry N, Vogt K, Lee A, Kroeker J, Evans D, Fansia N, Notik C, Wong EG, Coyle G, Seben D, Smith J, Tanenbaum B, Freedman C, Nathens A, Fowler R, Patel P, Elrick T, Ewing M, Di Marco S, Razek T, Grushka J, Wong EG, Park LJ, Borges FK, Nenshi R, Serrano PE, Engels P, Vogt K, Di Sante E, Vincent J, Tsiplova K, Devereaux PJ, Talwar G, Dionne J, McKechnie T, Lee Y, Kazi T, El-Sayes A, Bogach J, Hong D, Eskicioglu C, Connell M, Klooster A, Beck J, Verhoeff K, Strickland M, Anantha R, Groszman L, Caminsky NG, Watt L, Boulanger N, Razek T, Grushka J, Di Marco S, Wong EG, Livergant R, McDonald B, Binda C, Luthra S, Ebert N, Falk R, Joos E. 2023 Canadian Surgery Forum: Sept. 20-23, 2023. Can J Surg 2023; 66:S54-S136. [PMID: 38173057 PMCID: PMC10718225 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.014223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Brière
- From Université Laval (Brière, Émond, Blanchard, Drolet) and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (Benhamed)
| | - Marce Émond
- From Université Laval (Brière, Émond, Blanchard, Drolet) and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (Benhamed)
| | - Axel Benhamed
- From Université Laval (Brière, Émond, Blanchard, Drolet) and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (Benhamed)
| | - Pierre-Gilles Blanchard
- From Université Laval (Brière, Émond, Blanchard, Drolet) and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (Benhamed)
| | - Sébastien Drolet
- From Université Laval (Brière, Émond, Blanchard, Drolet) and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (Benhamed)
| | - Rogeh Habashi
- From the University of Toronto (Habashi, Golbon, Pasternak) and Queen's University (Shellenberger)
| | - Bahar Golbon
- From the University of Toronto (Habashi, Golbon, Pasternak) and Queen's University (Shellenberger)
| | - Jonas Shellenberger
- From the University of Toronto (Habashi, Golbon, Pasternak) and Queen's University (Shellenberger)
| | - Jesse Pasternak
- From the University of Toronto (Habashi, Golbon, Pasternak) and Queen's University (Shellenberger)
| | - Shaila Merchant
- From Queen's University (Merchant, La, Sawhney, Brogly) and ICES Queen's (Shellenberger, Brogly)
| | - Jonas Shellenberger
- From Queen's University (Merchant, La, Sawhney, Brogly) and ICES Queen's (Shellenberger, Brogly)
| | - Julie La
- From Queen's University (Merchant, La, Sawhney, Brogly) and ICES Queen's (Shellenberger, Brogly)
| | - Monakshi Sawhney
- From Queen's University (Merchant, La, Sawhney, Brogly) and ICES Queen's (Shellenberger, Brogly)
| | - Susan Brogly
- From Queen's University (Merchant, La, Sawhney, Brogly) and ICES Queen's (Shellenberger, Brogly)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew Lund
- From Western University and London Health Sciences Centre
| | - Jeffrey Hawel
- From Western University and London Health Sciences Centre
| | - Jamie Gregor
- From Western University and London Health Sciences Centre
| | - Ken Leslie
- From Western University and London Health Sciences Centre
| | - Tori Lenet
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Daniel McIsaac
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Julie Hallet
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Angela Jerath
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Manoj Lalu
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Stuart Nicholls
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Justin Presseau
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Alan Tinmouth
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Michael Verret
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Christopher Wherrett
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Dean Fergusson
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Guillaume Martel
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Sahil Sharma
- From McMaster University (Sharma, McKechnie, Talwar, Patel, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Tyler McKechnie
- From McMaster University (Sharma, McKechnie, Talwar, Patel, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Gaurav Talwar
- From McMaster University (Sharma, McKechnie, Talwar, Patel, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Janhavi Patel
- From McMaster University (Sharma, McKechnie, Talwar, Patel, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Luke Heimann
- From McMaster University (Sharma, McKechnie, Talwar, Patel, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Aristithes Doumouras
- From McMaster University (Sharma, McKechnie, Talwar, Patel, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Dennis Hong
- From McMaster University (Sharma, McKechnie, Talwar, Patel, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- From McMaster University (Sharma, McKechnie, Talwar, Patel, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Christine Wang
- From University of Calgary (Wang), University of British Columbia (Guo, Davis), and University of the Fraser Valley (Huang, Sun)
| | - Michael Guo
- From University of Calgary (Wang), University of British Columbia (Guo, Davis), and University of the Fraser Valley (Huang, Sun)
| | - Longlong Huang
- From University of Calgary (Wang), University of British Columbia (Guo, Davis), and University of the Fraser Valley (Huang, Sun)
| | - Shaun Sun
- From University of Calgary (Wang), University of British Columbia (Guo, Davis), and University of the Fraser Valley (Huang, Sun)
| | - Noelle Davis
- From University of Calgary (Wang), University of British Columbia (Guo, Davis), and University of the Fraser Valley (Huang, Sun)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hyo Jin Son
- From the University of Toronto (Son, Gomez, Jung) and Massachusetts General Hospital (Gee)
| | - Denise Gee
- From the University of Toronto (Son, Gomez, Jung) and Massachusetts General Hospital (Gee)
| | - David Gomez
- From the University of Toronto (Son, Gomez, Jung) and Massachusetts General Hospital (Gee)
| | - James Jung
- From the University of Toronto (Son, Gomez, Jung) and Massachusetts General Hospital (Gee)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alicia Follett
- From the Memorial University of Newfoundland (Follett, Dempster, Organ, Pace) and Eastern Health (Dempster, Organ, Pace)
| | - Holly
- From the Memorial University of Newfoundland (Follett, Dempster, Organ, Pace) and Eastern Health (Dempster, Organ, Pace)
| | - Michael Organ
- From the Memorial University of Newfoundland (Follett, Dempster, Organ, Pace) and Eastern Health (Dempster, Organ, Pace)
| | - David Pace
- From the Memorial University of Newfoundland (Follett, Dempster, Organ, Pace) and Eastern Health (Dempster, Organ, Pace)
| | - Saba Balvardi
- From McGill University (Balvardi, Kaneva, Mueller, Vassiliou, Al Mahroos, Fiore Jr., Feldman), the Steinberg-Berstein Centrer for Minimally Invasice Surgery and Innovation (Kaneva, Semsar-Kazerooni), McGill University Health Centre ( Semsar-Kazerooni) and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Cetnrer (Schwartzman)
| | - Pepa Kaneva
- From McGill University (Balvardi, Kaneva, Mueller, Vassiliou, Al Mahroos, Fiore Jr., Feldman), the Steinberg-Berstein Centrer for Minimally Invasice Surgery and Innovation (Kaneva, Semsar-Kazerooni), McGill University Health Centre ( Semsar-Kazerooni) and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Cetnrer (Schwartzman)
| | - Koorosh Semsar-Kazerooni
- From McGill University (Balvardi, Kaneva, Mueller, Vassiliou, Al Mahroos, Fiore Jr., Feldman), the Steinberg-Berstein Centrer for Minimally Invasice Surgery and Innovation (Kaneva, Semsar-Kazerooni), McGill University Health Centre ( Semsar-Kazerooni) and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Cetnrer (Schwartzman)
| | - Carmen Mueller
- From McGill University (Balvardi, Kaneva, Mueller, Vassiliou, Al Mahroos, Fiore Jr., Feldman), the Steinberg-Berstein Centrer for Minimally Invasice Surgery and Innovation (Kaneva, Semsar-Kazerooni), McGill University Health Centre ( Semsar-Kazerooni) and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Cetnrer (Schwartzman)
| | - Melina Vassiliou
- From McGill University (Balvardi, Kaneva, Mueller, Vassiliou, Al Mahroos, Fiore Jr., Feldman), the Steinberg-Berstein Centrer for Minimally Invasice Surgery and Innovation (Kaneva, Semsar-Kazerooni), McGill University Health Centre ( Semsar-Kazerooni) and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Cetnrer (Schwartzman)
| | - Mohammed Al Mahroos
- From McGill University (Balvardi, Kaneva, Mueller, Vassiliou, Al Mahroos, Fiore Jr., Feldman), the Steinberg-Berstein Centrer for Minimally Invasice Surgery and Innovation (Kaneva, Semsar-Kazerooni), McGill University Health Centre ( Semsar-Kazerooni) and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Cetnrer (Schwartzman)
| | - Julio F Fiore
- From McGill University (Balvardi, Kaneva, Mueller, Vassiliou, Al Mahroos, Fiore Jr., Feldman), the Steinberg-Berstein Centrer for Minimally Invasice Surgery and Innovation (Kaneva, Semsar-Kazerooni), McGill University Health Centre ( Semsar-Kazerooni) and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Cetnrer (Schwartzman)
| | - Kevin Schwartzman
- From McGill University (Balvardi, Kaneva, Mueller, Vassiliou, Al Mahroos, Fiore Jr., Feldman), the Steinberg-Berstein Centrer for Minimally Invasice Surgery and Innovation (Kaneva, Semsar-Kazerooni), McGill University Health Centre ( Semsar-Kazerooni) and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Cetnrer (Schwartzman)
| | - Liane Feldman
- From McGill University (Balvardi, Kaneva, Mueller, Vassiliou, Al Mahroos, Fiore Jr., Feldman), the Steinberg-Berstein Centrer for Minimally Invasice Surgery and Innovation (Kaneva, Semsar-Kazerooni), McGill University Health Centre ( Semsar-Kazerooni) and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Cetnrer (Schwartzman)
| | - Michael Guo
- From the University of British Columbia (Guo, Karimuddin, Liu, Sutherland), St. Paul's Hospital (Karimuddin), and University of Calgary (Crump)
| | - Ahmer Karimuddin
- From the University of British Columbia (Guo, Karimuddin, Liu, Sutherland), St. Paul's Hospital (Karimuddin), and University of Calgary (Crump)
| | - Gui Ping Liu
- From the University of British Columbia (Guo, Karimuddin, Liu, Sutherland), St. Paul's Hospital (Karimuddin), and University of Calgary (Crump)
| | - Trafford Crump
- From the University of British Columbia (Guo, Karimuddin, Liu, Sutherland), St. Paul's Hospital (Karimuddin), and University of Calgary (Crump)
| | - Jason Sutherland
- From the University of British Columbia (Guo, Karimuddin, Liu, Sutherland), St. Paul's Hospital (Karimuddin), and University of Calgary (Crump)
| | - Kala Hickey
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hickey, Bonisteel, Umali, Dogar, Warden, Boone, Mathieson, Hogan, Pace)
| | - Erin M Bonisteel
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hickey, Bonisteel, Umali, Dogar, Warden, Boone, Mathieson, Hogan, Pace)
| | - Jurgienne Umali
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hickey, Bonisteel, Umali, Dogar, Warden, Boone, Mathieson, Hogan, Pace)
| | - Ibrahim Dogar
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hickey, Bonisteel, Umali, Dogar, Warden, Boone, Mathieson, Hogan, Pace)
| | - Geoffrey Warden
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hickey, Bonisteel, Umali, Dogar, Warden, Boone, Mathieson, Hogan, Pace)
| | - Darrell Boone
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hickey, Bonisteel, Umali, Dogar, Warden, Boone, Mathieson, Hogan, Pace)
| | - Alexander Mathieson
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hickey, Bonisteel, Umali, Dogar, Warden, Boone, Mathieson, Hogan, Pace)
| | - Michael Hogan
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hickey, Bonisteel, Umali, Dogar, Warden, Boone, Mathieson, Hogan, Pace)
| | - David Pace
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hickey, Bonisteel, Umali, Dogar, Warden, Boone, Mathieson, Hogan, Pace)
| | - Nieve Seguin
- From the University of Ottawa (Seguin, Best) and The Ottawa Hospital (Moloo, Li)
| | - Husein Moloo
- From the University of Ottawa (Seguin, Best) and The Ottawa Hospital (Moloo, Li)
| | - Yiran Li
- From the University of Ottawa (Seguin, Best) and The Ottawa Hospital (Moloo, Li)
| | - Gordon Best
- From the University of Ottawa (Seguin, Best) and The Ottawa Hospital (Moloo, Li)
| | - Rachel Leong
- From the University of British Columbia (Leong, Wiseman) and St. Paul's Hospital (Wiseman)
| | - Sam Wiseman
- From the University of British Columbia (Leong, Wiseman) and St. Paul's Hospital (Wiseman)
| | - Ahmed Amine Alaoui
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | - Roy Hajjar
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | - Evelyne Wassef
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | | | - François Dagbert
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | - Rasmy Loungnarath
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | - Richard Ratelle
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | - Frank Schwenter
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | - Éric Debroux
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | - Ramses Wassef
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | | | - Alfons Pomp
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | - Carole S Richard
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | - Herawaty Sebajang
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | - Ahmed Amine Alaoui
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - Roy Hajjar
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - François Dagbert
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - Rasmy Loungnarath
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - Herawaty Sebajang
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - Richard Ratelle
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - Frank Schwenter
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - Éric Debroux
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - Ramses Wassef
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - Marianne Gagnon-Konamna
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - Alfons Pomp
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - Manuela M Santos
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - Carole S Richard
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michal Pillar
- From the University of British Columbia (Pillar, Guo, Manhas), and St. Paul's Hospital (Melck)
| | - Michael Guo
- From the University of British Columbia (Pillar, Guo, Manhas), and St. Paul's Hospital (Melck)
| | - Neraj Manhas
- From the University of British Columbia (Pillar, Guo, Manhas), and St. Paul's Hospital (Melck)
| | - Adrienne Melck
- From the University of British Columbia (Pillar, Guo, Manhas), and St. Paul's Hospital (Melck)
| | - Tania Kazi
- From McMaster University (Kazi, McKechnie, Jessani, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Tyler McKechnie
- From McMaster University (Kazi, McKechnie, Jessani, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Ghazal Jessani
- From McMaster University (Kazi, McKechnie, Jessani, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Luke Heimann
- From McMaster University (Kazi, McKechnie, Jessani, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Yung Lee
- From McMaster University (Kazi, McKechnie, Jessani, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Dennis Hong
- From McMaster University (Kazi, McKechnie, Jessani, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- From McMaster University (Kazi, McKechnie, Jessani, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kara Nadeau
- From the Northern Ontario School of Medicine (Nadeau, Macmillan, Wilson, Deschenes, Nurullah, Cahill), Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare (Macmillan), Health Sciences North (Cahill), and Northeastern Ontario Rectal and Colong Specialists (Cahill)
| | - Jennifer Macmillan
- From the Northern Ontario School of Medicine (Nadeau, Macmillan, Wilson, Deschenes, Nurullah, Cahill), Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare (Macmillan), Health Sciences North (Cahill), and Northeastern Ontario Rectal and Colong Specialists (Cahill)
| | - Jaime Wilson
- From the Northern Ontario School of Medicine (Nadeau, Macmillan, Wilson, Deschenes, Nurullah, Cahill), Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare (Macmillan), Health Sciences North (Cahill), and Northeastern Ontario Rectal and Colong Specialists (Cahill)
| | - Madeleine Deschenes
- From the Northern Ontario School of Medicine (Nadeau, Macmillan, Wilson, Deschenes, Nurullah, Cahill), Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare (Macmillan), Health Sciences North (Cahill), and Northeastern Ontario Rectal and Colong Specialists (Cahill)
| | - Aruba Nurullah
- From the Northern Ontario School of Medicine (Nadeau, Macmillan, Wilson, Deschenes, Nurullah, Cahill), Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare (Macmillan), Health Sciences North (Cahill), and Northeastern Ontario Rectal and Colong Specialists (Cahill)
| | - Caitlin Cahill
- From the Northern Ontario School of Medicine (Nadeau, Macmillan, Wilson, Deschenes, Nurullah, Cahill), Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare (Macmillan), Health Sciences North (Cahill), and Northeastern Ontario Rectal and Colong Specialists (Cahill)
| | - Victoria H Chen
- From St. Paul's Hospital (Chen, Wiseman) and University of British Columbia (Chen, Patterson, Wiseman)
| | - Keiko M Patterson
- From St. Paul's Hospital (Chen, Wiseman) and University of British Columbia (Chen, Patterson, Wiseman)
| | - Sam M Wiseman
- From St. Paul's Hospital (Chen, Wiseman) and University of British Columbia (Chen, Patterson, Wiseman)
| | - Betty Wen
- From the University of British Columbia (Wen, Barton), Georgetown Publish Hospital Corporation (Bhudial), and Royal Inland Hospital (Barton)
| | - Joshua Bhudial
- From the University of British Columbia (Wen, Barton), Georgetown Publish Hospital Corporation (Bhudial), and Royal Inland Hospital (Barton)
| | - Anise Barton
- From the University of British Columbia (Wen, Barton), Georgetown Publish Hospital Corporation (Bhudial), and Royal Inland Hospital (Barton)
| | - Jessica Lie
- From the University of British Columbia (Lie) and Hebrew SeniorLife (Park, Yang, Gouskova, Kim)
| | - Chan Mi Park
- From the University of British Columbia (Lie) and Hebrew SeniorLife (Park, Yang, Gouskova, Kim)
| | - Laiji Yang
- From the University of British Columbia (Lie) and Hebrew SeniorLife (Park, Yang, Gouskova, Kim)
| | - Natalia Gouskova
- From the University of British Columbia (Lie) and Hebrew SeniorLife (Park, Yang, Gouskova, Kim)
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- From the University of British Columbia (Lie) and Hebrew SeniorLife (Park, Yang, Gouskova, Kim)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Victoria Archer
- From McMaster University (Archer, Cloutier, Berg, McKechnie, Wiercioch, Eskicioglu) and St. Joseph Health (Eskicioglu)
| | - Zacharie Cloutier
- From McMaster University (Archer, Cloutier, Berg, McKechnie, Wiercioch, Eskicioglu) and St. Joseph Health (Eskicioglu)
| | - Annie Berg
- From McMaster University (Archer, Cloutier, Berg, McKechnie, Wiercioch, Eskicioglu) and St. Joseph Health (Eskicioglu)
| | - Tyler McKechnie
- From McMaster University (Archer, Cloutier, Berg, McKechnie, Wiercioch, Eskicioglu) and St. Joseph Health (Eskicioglu)
| | - Wojtek Wiercioch
- From McMaster University (Archer, Cloutier, Berg, McKechnie, Wiercioch, Eskicioglu) and St. Joseph Health (Eskicioglu)
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- From McMaster University (Archer, Cloutier, Berg, McKechnie, Wiercioch, Eskicioglu) and St. Joseph Health (Eskicioglu)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alisha R Fernandes
- From Dalhousie University ( Fernandes, Ellsmere) and Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hossain)
| | - Intekhab Hossain
- From Dalhousie University ( Fernandes, Ellsmere) and Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hossain)
| | - James Ellsmere
- From Dalhousie University ( Fernandes, Ellsmere) and Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hossain)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marta Karpinski
- From the University of Toronto (Karpinski), St. Paul's Hospital (Ghuman), Providence Health Care (Ghuman), University of British Columbia (Ghuman), and McGill University (Malik)
| | - Amandeep Ghuman
- From the University of Toronto (Karpinski), St. Paul's Hospital (Ghuman), Providence Health Care (Ghuman), University of British Columbia (Ghuman), and McGill University (Malik)
| | - Peter R A Malik
- From the University of Toronto (Karpinski), St. Paul's Hospital (Ghuman), Providence Health Care (Ghuman), University of British Columbia (Ghuman), and McGill University (Malik)
| | - Kameela Alibhai
- From the University of Ottawa (Alibhai, Raîche, Gawad), University of British Columbia (Zabolotniuk)
| | - Taryn Zabolotniuk
- From the University of Ottawa (Alibhai, Raîche, Gawad), University of British Columbia (Zabolotniuk)
| | - Isabelle Raîche
- From the University of Ottawa (Alibhai, Raîche, Gawad), University of British Columbia (Zabolotniuk)
| | - Nada Gawad
- From the University of Ottawa (Alibhai, Raîche, Gawad), University of British Columbia (Zabolotniuk)
| | - Sarah Mashal
- From McGill University (Mashal, Razek, Fata, Grushka, Wong), Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik (Boulanger), and Tulattavik Health Center (Watt)
| | - Nathalie Boulanger
- From McGill University (Mashal, Razek, Fata, Grushka, Wong), Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik (Boulanger), and Tulattavik Health Center (Watt)
| | - Larry Watt
- From McGill University (Mashal, Razek, Fata, Grushka, Wong), Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik (Boulanger), and Tulattavik Health Center (Watt)
| | - Tarek Razek
- From McGill University (Mashal, Razek, Fata, Grushka, Wong), Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik (Boulanger), and Tulattavik Health Center (Watt)
| | - Paola Fata
- From McGill University (Mashal, Razek, Fata, Grushka, Wong), Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik (Boulanger), and Tulattavik Health Center (Watt)
| | - Jeremy Grushka
- From McGill University (Mashal, Razek, Fata, Grushka, Wong), Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik (Boulanger), and Tulattavik Health Center (Watt)
| | - Evan G Wong
- From McGill University (Mashal, Razek, Fata, Grushka, Wong), Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik (Boulanger), and Tulattavik Health Center (Watt)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cullen Kim
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland
| | | | - David Pace
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland
| | - Robin Wigen
- From the Children's Hospital at Longon Health Sciences Centre (Wigen), and London Health Sciences Centre (Walser, Davidson, Dorward, Muszynski, Dann, Seemann, Lam)
| | - Emily Walser
- From the Children's Hospital at Longon Health Sciences Centre (Wigen), and London Health Sciences Centre (Walser, Davidson, Dorward, Muszynski, Dann, Seemann, Lam)
| | - Jacob Davidson
- From the Children's Hospital at Longon Health Sciences Centre (Wigen), and London Health Sciences Centre (Walser, Davidson, Dorward, Muszynski, Dann, Seemann, Lam)
| | - Michael Dorward
- From the Children's Hospital at Longon Health Sciences Centre (Wigen), and London Health Sciences Centre (Walser, Davidson, Dorward, Muszynski, Dann, Seemann, Lam)
| | - Leanne Muszynski
- From the Children's Hospital at Longon Health Sciences Centre (Wigen), and London Health Sciences Centre (Walser, Davidson, Dorward, Muszynski, Dann, Seemann, Lam)
| | - Celia Dann
- From the Children's Hospital at Longon Health Sciences Centre (Wigen), and London Health Sciences Centre (Walser, Davidson, Dorward, Muszynski, Dann, Seemann, Lam)
| | - Natashia Seemann
- From the Children's Hospital at Longon Health Sciences Centre (Wigen), and London Health Sciences Centre (Walser, Davidson, Dorward, Muszynski, Dann, Seemann, Lam)
| | - Jennifer Lam
- From the Children's Hospital at Longon Health Sciences Centre (Wigen), and London Health Sciences Centre (Walser, Davidson, Dorward, Muszynski, Dann, Seemann, Lam)
| | - Kaitlyn Harding
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding), University of British Columbia (Lowik, Guinard, Wiseman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Wiseman)
| | - A J Lowik
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding), University of British Columbia (Lowik, Guinard, Wiseman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Wiseman)
| | - Caroline Guinard
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding), University of British Columbia (Lowik, Guinard, Wiseman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Wiseman)
| | - Sam Wiseman
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding), University of British Columbia (Lowik, Guinard, Wiseman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Wiseman)
| | - Odelle Ma
- From the University of Albberta (Ma, Mocanu, Lin, Bigam), and the Centre for Advancement of Surgical Education and Simulation, Royal Alexandra Hospital (Karmali)
| | - Valentin Mocanu
- From the University of Albberta (Ma, Mocanu, Lin, Bigam), and the Centre for Advancement of Surgical Education and Simulation, Royal Alexandra Hospital (Karmali)
| | - Andrea Lin
- From the University of Albberta (Ma, Mocanu, Lin, Bigam), and the Centre for Advancement of Surgical Education and Simulation, Royal Alexandra Hospital (Karmali)
| | - Shahzeer Karmali
- From the University of Albberta (Ma, Mocanu, Lin, Bigam), and the Centre for Advancement of Surgical Education and Simulation, Royal Alexandra Hospital (Karmali)
| | - David Bigam
- From the University of Albberta (Ma, Mocanu, Lin, Bigam), and the Centre for Advancement of Surgical Education and Simulation, Royal Alexandra Hospital (Karmali)
| | - Kaitlyn Harding
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Grant Greaves
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Brent Parker
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Vu Nguyen
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Azim Ahmed
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Belinda Yee
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Joël Perren
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Mathew Norman
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Morgan Grey
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Rafael Perini
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Fahd Jowhari
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Adrian Bak
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Jeremy Drung
- From Western University (Drung, Wiseman, Moffat), and London Health Sciences Centre (Allen, Wiseman, Moffat)
| | - Laura Allen
- From Western University (Drung, Wiseman, Moffat), and London Health Sciences Centre (Allen, Wiseman, Moffat)
| | - Daniele Wiseman
- From Western University (Drung, Wiseman, Moffat), and London Health Sciences Centre (Allen, Wiseman, Moffat)
| | - Bradley Moffat
- From Western University (Drung, Wiseman, Moffat), and London Health Sciences Centre (Allen, Wiseman, Moffat)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lily J Park
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Heels-Ansdell, Simunovic, Bogach, Serrano, Thabane, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Devereaux), and University of Alberta (Jacka)
| | - Flavia K Borges
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Heels-Ansdell, Simunovic, Bogach, Serrano, Thabane, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Devereaux), and University of Alberta (Jacka)
| | - Rahima Nenshi
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Heels-Ansdell, Simunovic, Bogach, Serrano, Thabane, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Devereaux), and University of Alberta (Jacka)
| | - Michael Jacka
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Heels-Ansdell, Simunovic, Bogach, Serrano, Thabane, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Devereaux), and University of Alberta (Jacka)
| | - Diane Heels-Ansdell
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Heels-Ansdell, Simunovic, Bogach, Serrano, Thabane, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Devereaux), and University of Alberta (Jacka)
| | - Marko Simunovic
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Heels-Ansdell, Simunovic, Bogach, Serrano, Thabane, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Devereaux), and University of Alberta (Jacka)
| | - Jessica Bogach
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Heels-Ansdell, Simunovic, Bogach, Serrano, Thabane, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Devereaux), and University of Alberta (Jacka)
| | - Pablo E Serrano
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Heels-Ansdell, Simunovic, Bogach, Serrano, Thabane, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Devereaux), and University of Alberta (Jacka)
| | - Lehana Thabane
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Heels-Ansdell, Simunovic, Bogach, Serrano, Thabane, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Devereaux), and University of Alberta (Jacka)
| | - P J Devereaux
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Heels-Ansdell, Simunovic, Bogach, Serrano, Thabane, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Devereaux), and University of Alberta (Jacka)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gordon Best
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - San Ahn
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Lisa Zhang
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Nicole Prince
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Olivia Cheng-Boivin
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Nieve Seguin
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Harry Wang
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Liam Quartermain
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Sherry Tan
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Jennifer Shamess
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Mathilde Simard
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Humberto Vigil
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Isabelle Raîche
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Mary Hanna
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Husein Moloo
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Riordan Azam
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Gary Ko
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Mayanne Zhu
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Yanuga Raveendran
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Christine Lam
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Janet Tang
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Amrit Bajwa
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Marina Englesakis
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Emma Reel
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Jordan Cleland
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Laura Snell
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Gianni Lorello
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Tulin Cil
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Hilalion San Ahn
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), University of Ottawa (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Leclerc, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), North York General Hospital (Smith), Champlain Region Cancer Care Patient and Family Committee (Shamess), and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Thavorn)
| | - Catherine Dube
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), University of Ottawa (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Leclerc, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), North York General Hospital (Smith), Champlain Region Cancer Care Patient and Family Committee (Shamess), and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Thavorn)
| | - Daniel McIsaac
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), University of Ottawa (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Leclerc, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), North York General Hospital (Smith), Champlain Region Cancer Care Patient and Family Committee (Shamess), and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Thavorn)
| | - David Smith
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), University of Ottawa (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Leclerc, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), North York General Hospital (Smith), Champlain Region Cancer Care Patient and Family Committee (Shamess), and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Thavorn)
| | - Alexie Leclerc
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), University of Ottawa (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Leclerc, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), North York General Hospital (Smith), Champlain Region Cancer Care Patient and Family Committee (Shamess), and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Thavorn)
| | - Jennifer Shamess
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), University of Ottawa (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Leclerc, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), North York General Hospital (Smith), Champlain Region Cancer Care Patient and Family Committee (Shamess), and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Thavorn)
| | - Alaa Rostom
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), University of Ottawa (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Leclerc, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), North York General Hospital (Smith), Champlain Region Cancer Care Patient and Family Committee (Shamess), and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Thavorn)
| | - Natalia Calo
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), University of Ottawa (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Leclerc, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), North York General Hospital (Smith), Champlain Region Cancer Care Patient and Family Committee (Shamess), and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Thavorn)
| | - Kednapa Thavorn
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), University of Ottawa (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Leclerc, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), North York General Hospital (Smith), Champlain Region Cancer Care Patient and Family Committee (Shamess), and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Thavorn)
| | - Husein Moloo
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), University of Ottawa (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Leclerc, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), North York General Hospital (Smith), Champlain Region Cancer Care Patient and Family Committee (Shamess), and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Thavorn)
| | - Simon Laplante
- From the University of Toronto and University Health Network
| | - Louis Liu
- From the University of Toronto and University Health Network
| | - Nadia Khan
- From the University of Toronto and University Health Network
| | - Allan Okrainec
- From the University of Toronto and University Health Network
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ilinca Georgescu
- From Dalhousie University (Georgescu), and Rose City Endoscopy (Khokhotva)
| | | | - Gaurav Talwar
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Sharma, McKechnie, Yang, Khamar, Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu)
| | - Sahil Sharma
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Sharma, McKechnie, Yang, Khamar, Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu)
| | - Tyler McKechnie
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Sharma, McKechnie, Yang, Khamar, Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu)
| | - Shuling Yang
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Sharma, McKechnie, Yang, Khamar, Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu)
| | - Jigish Khamar
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Sharma, McKechnie, Yang, Khamar, Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu)
| | - Dennis Hong
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Sharma, McKechnie, Yang, Khamar, Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu)
| | - Aristithes Doumouras
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Sharma, McKechnie, Yang, Khamar, Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu)
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Sharma, McKechnie, Yang, Khamar, Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan Muncner
- From the University of Alberta (Muncner, Mihajlovic, Dykstra, Snelgrove, Wang), and Memorial University of Newfoundland (Li)
| | - Mo Yu Li
- From the University of Alberta (Muncner, Mihajlovic, Dykstra, Snelgrove, Wang), and Memorial University of Newfoundland (Li)
| | - Igor Mihajlovic
- From the University of Alberta (Muncner, Mihajlovic, Dykstra, Snelgrove, Wang), and Memorial University of Newfoundland (Li)
| | - Mark Dykstra
- From the University of Alberta (Muncner, Mihajlovic, Dykstra, Snelgrove, Wang), and Memorial University of Newfoundland (Li)
| | - Ryan Snelgrove
- From the University of Alberta (Muncner, Mihajlovic, Dykstra, Snelgrove, Wang), and Memorial University of Newfoundland (Li)
| | - Haili Wang
- From the University of Alberta (Muncner, Mihajlovic, Dykstra, Snelgrove, Wang), and Memorial University of Newfoundland (Li)
| | - Christina Schweitzer
- From the University of British Columbia (Schweitzer, Wiseman), St. Paul's Hospital (Schweitzer, Wiseman), and Queen's University (Garcha)
| | - Sam M Wiseman
- From the University of British Columbia (Schweitzer, Wiseman), St. Paul's Hospital (Schweitzer, Wiseman), and Queen's University (Garcha)
| | - Ivneet Garcha
- From the University of British Columbia (Schweitzer, Wiseman), St. Paul's Hospital (Schweitzer, Wiseman), and Queen's University (Garcha)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kerrie A Sullivan
- From McMaster University (Sullivan, Farrokhyar, Patel, Hanna), Université de Montréal (Liberman), University of Alberta (Turner), McGill University (Gonzalez), Western University (Nayak), and University of Toronto (Yasufuku)
| | - Forough Farrokhyar
- From McMaster University (Sullivan, Farrokhyar, Patel, Hanna), Université de Montréal (Liberman), University of Alberta (Turner), McGill University (Gonzalez), Western University (Nayak), and University of Toronto (Yasufuku)
| | - Yogita S Patel
- From McMaster University (Sullivan, Farrokhyar, Patel, Hanna), Université de Montréal (Liberman), University of Alberta (Turner), McGill University (Gonzalez), Western University (Nayak), and University of Toronto (Yasufuku)
| | - Moishe Liberman
- From McMaster University (Sullivan, Farrokhyar, Patel, Hanna), Université de Montréal (Liberman), University of Alberta (Turner), McGill University (Gonzalez), Western University (Nayak), and University of Toronto (Yasufuku)
| | - Simon R Turner
- From McMaster University (Sullivan, Farrokhyar, Patel, Hanna), Université de Montréal (Liberman), University of Alberta (Turner), McGill University (Gonzalez), Western University (Nayak), and University of Toronto (Yasufuku)
| | - Anne V Gonzalez
- From McMaster University (Sullivan, Farrokhyar, Patel, Hanna), Université de Montréal (Liberman), University of Alberta (Turner), McGill University (Gonzalez), Western University (Nayak), and University of Toronto (Yasufuku)
| | - Rahul Nayak
- From McMaster University (Sullivan, Farrokhyar, Patel, Hanna), Université de Montréal (Liberman), University of Alberta (Turner), McGill University (Gonzalez), Western University (Nayak), and University of Toronto (Yasufuku)
| | - Kazuhiro Yasufuku
- From McMaster University (Sullivan, Farrokhyar, Patel, Hanna), Université de Montréal (Liberman), University of Alberta (Turner), McGill University (Gonzalez), Western University (Nayak), and University of Toronto (Yasufuku)
| | - Wael C Hanna
- From McMaster University (Sullivan, Farrokhyar, Patel, Hanna), Université de Montréal (Liberman), University of Alberta (Turner), McGill University (Gonzalez), Western University (Nayak), and University of Toronto (Yasufuku)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pier-Luc Haché
- From the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Université Laval (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Clermont-Auvergne University (Galvaing), and Saint-Jerome Regional Hospital (Sassi)
| | - Geraud Galvaing
- From the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Université Laval (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Clermont-Auvergne University (Galvaing), and Saint-Jerome Regional Hospital (Sassi)
| | - Serge Simard
- From the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Université Laval (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Clermont-Auvergne University (Galvaing), and Saint-Jerome Regional Hospital (Sassi)
| | - Jocelyn Grégoire
- From the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Université Laval (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Clermont-Auvergne University (Galvaing), and Saint-Jerome Regional Hospital (Sassi)
| | - Jean Bussières
- From the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Université Laval (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Clermont-Auvergne University (Galvaing), and Saint-Jerome Regional Hospital (Sassi)
| | - Yves Lacasse
- From the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Université Laval (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Clermont-Auvergne University (Galvaing), and Saint-Jerome Regional Hospital (Sassi)
| | - Sami Sassi
- From the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Université Laval (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Clermont-Auvergne University (Galvaing), and Saint-Jerome Regional Hospital (Sassi)
| | - Catherine Champagne
- From the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Université Laval (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Clermont-Auvergne University (Galvaing), and Saint-Jerome Regional Hospital (Sassi)
| | - Anne-Sophie Laliberté
- From the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Université Laval (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Clermont-Auvergne University (Galvaing), and Saint-Jerome Regional Hospital (Sassi)
| | - Jin Yong Jeong
- From the Incheon St. Mary's Hospital and The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Uzair Jogiat
- From the University of Alberta (Jogiat, Wilson, Bédard, Sun, Karmali, Bédard, Wong), Alberta Health Services (Blakely), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Hillary Wilson
- From the University of Alberta (Jogiat, Wilson, Bédard, Sun, Karmali, Bédard, Wong), Alberta Health Services (Blakely), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Alexandre Bédard
- From the University of Alberta (Jogiat, Wilson, Bédard, Sun, Karmali, Bédard, Wong), Alberta Health Services (Blakely), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Pam Blakely
- From the University of Alberta (Jogiat, Wilson, Bédard, Sun, Karmali, Bédard, Wong), Alberta Health Services (Blakely), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Jerry Dang
- From the University of Alberta (Jogiat, Wilson, Bédard, Sun, Karmali, Bédard, Wong), Alberta Health Services (Blakely), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Warren Sun
- From the University of Alberta (Jogiat, Wilson, Bédard, Sun, Karmali, Bédard, Wong), Alberta Health Services (Blakely), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Shahzeer Karmali
- From the University of Alberta (Jogiat, Wilson, Bédard, Sun, Karmali, Bédard, Wong), Alberta Health Services (Blakely), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Eric L R Bédard
- From the University of Alberta (Jogiat, Wilson, Bédard, Sun, Karmali, Bédard, Wong), Alberta Health Services (Blakely), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Clarence Wong
- From the University of Alberta (Jogiat, Wilson, Bédard, Sun, Karmali, Bédard, Wong), Alberta Health Services (Blakely), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Suhail Yaqoob Hakim
- From the Hamad Medical Corporation (Hakim, Azizi, El- Menyar, Rizoli, Al-Thani), Qatar University (Hakim), and Weill Cornell Medical College Doha (El-Menyar)
| | - Samim Azizi
- From the Hamad Medical Corporation (Hakim, Azizi, El- Menyar, Rizoli, Al-Thani), Qatar University (Hakim), and Weill Cornell Medical College Doha (El-Menyar)
| | - Ayman El-Menyar
- From the Hamad Medical Corporation (Hakim, Azizi, El- Menyar, Rizoli, Al-Thani), Qatar University (Hakim), and Weill Cornell Medical College Doha (El-Menyar)
| | - Sandro Rizoli
- From the Hamad Medical Corporation (Hakim, Azizi, El- Menyar, Rizoli, Al-Thani), Qatar University (Hakim), and Weill Cornell Medical College Doha (El-Menyar)
| | - Hassan Al-Thani
- From the Hamad Medical Corporation (Hakim, Azizi, El- Menyar, Rizoli, Al-Thani), Qatar University (Hakim), and Weill Cornell Medical College Doha (El-Menyar)
| | - Alisha R Fernandes
- From Dalhousie University (Fernandes, French, Ellsmere), and Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Li)
| | - Daniel French
- From Dalhousie University (Fernandes, French, Ellsmere), and Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Li)
| | - Chao Li
- From Dalhousie University (Fernandes, French, Ellsmere), and Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Li)
| | - James Ellsmere
- From Dalhousie University (Fernandes, French, Ellsmere), and Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Li)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adom Bondzi-Simpson
- From the University of Toronto (Bondzi-Simpson, Ribeiro, Ko, Coburn, Kulkarni, Hallet), and University of Manitoba (Kidane)
| | - Tiago Ribeiro
- From the University of Toronto (Bondzi-Simpson, Ribeiro, Ko, Coburn, Kulkarni, Hallet), and University of Manitoba (Kidane)
| | - Biniam Kidane
- From the University of Toronto (Bondzi-Simpson, Ribeiro, Ko, Coburn, Kulkarni, Hallet), and University of Manitoba (Kidane)
| | - Michael Ko
- From the University of Toronto (Bondzi-Simpson, Ribeiro, Ko, Coburn, Kulkarni, Hallet), and University of Manitoba (Kidane)
| | - Natalie Coburn
- From the University of Toronto (Bondzi-Simpson, Ribeiro, Ko, Coburn, Kulkarni, Hallet), and University of Manitoba (Kidane)
| | - Girish Kulkarni
- From the University of Toronto (Bondzi-Simpson, Ribeiro, Ko, Coburn, Kulkarni, Hallet), and University of Manitoba (Kidane)
| | - Julie Hallet
- From the University of Toronto (Bondzi-Simpson, Ribeiro, Ko, Coburn, Kulkarni, Hallet), and University of Manitoba (Kidane)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bright Huo
- From Dalhousie University (Huo, Manos, Xu, Chun, Fris, Wallace, French), University of Ioannina (Kontouli)
| | - Daria Manos
- From Dalhousie University (Huo, Manos, Xu, Chun, Fris, Wallace, French), University of Ioannina (Kontouli)
| | - Zhaolin Xu
- From Dalhousie University (Huo, Manos, Xu, Chun, Fris, Wallace, French), University of Ioannina (Kontouli)
| | - Katerina-Maria Kontouli
- From Dalhousie University (Huo, Manos, Xu, Chun, Fris, Wallace, French), University of Ioannina (Kontouli)
| | - Samuel Chun
- From Dalhousie University (Huo, Manos, Xu, Chun, Fris, Wallace, French), University of Ioannina (Kontouli)
| | - John Fris
- From Dalhousie University (Huo, Manos, Xu, Chun, Fris, Wallace, French), University of Ioannina (Kontouli)
| | - Allison M R Wallace
- From Dalhousie University (Huo, Manos, Xu, Chun, Fris, Wallace, French), University of Ioannina (Kontouli)
| | - Daniel G French
- From Dalhousie University (Huo, Manos, Xu, Chun, Fris, Wallace, French), University of Ioannina (Kontouli)
| | - Catherine Giffin
- From the University of Manitoba (Giffin, Kidane), Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montréal (Liberman), Université de Montréal (Dayan), Centre Hospitalier Affilé Universitaire de Québec (Laliberté), Toronto General Hospital (Yasufuku), and the Swedish Medical Centre (Farivar)
| | - Moishe Liberman
- From the University of Manitoba (Giffin, Kidane), Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montréal (Liberman), Université de Montréal (Dayan), Centre Hospitalier Affilé Universitaire de Québec (Laliberté), Toronto General Hospital (Yasufuku), and the Swedish Medical Centre (Farivar)
| | - Gabriel Dayan
- From the University of Manitoba (Giffin, Kidane), Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montréal (Liberman), Université de Montréal (Dayan), Centre Hospitalier Affilé Universitaire de Québec (Laliberté), Toronto General Hospital (Yasufuku), and the Swedish Medical Centre (Farivar)
| | - Anne-Sophie Laliberté
- From the University of Manitoba (Giffin, Kidane), Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montréal (Liberman), Université de Montréal (Dayan), Centre Hospitalier Affilé Universitaire de Québec (Laliberté), Toronto General Hospital (Yasufuku), and the Swedish Medical Centre (Farivar)
| | - Kazuhiro Yasufuku
- From the University of Manitoba (Giffin, Kidane), Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montréal (Liberman), Université de Montréal (Dayan), Centre Hospitalier Affilé Universitaire de Québec (Laliberté), Toronto General Hospital (Yasufuku), and the Swedish Medical Centre (Farivar)
| | - Alexander Farivar
- From the University of Manitoba (Giffin, Kidane), Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montréal (Liberman), Université de Montréal (Dayan), Centre Hospitalier Affilé Universitaire de Québec (Laliberté), Toronto General Hospital (Yasufuku), and the Swedish Medical Centre (Farivar)
| | - Biniam Kidane
- From the University of Manitoba (Giffin, Kidane), Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montréal (Liberman), Université de Montréal (Dayan), Centre Hospitalier Affilé Universitaire de Québec (Laliberté), Toronto General Hospital (Yasufuku), and the Swedish Medical Centre (Farivar)
| | - Cara Weessies
- From the University of Manitoba (Weessies, Robinson, Bednarek, Buduhan, Liu, Tan, Srinathan, Kidane), and Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute (Kidane)
| | - Madeline Robinson
- From the University of Manitoba (Weessies, Robinson, Bednarek, Buduhan, Liu, Tan, Srinathan, Kidane), and Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute (Kidane)
| | - Leeann Bednarek
- From the University of Manitoba (Weessies, Robinson, Bednarek, Buduhan, Liu, Tan, Srinathan, Kidane), and Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute (Kidane)
| | - Gordon Buduhan
- From the University of Manitoba (Weessies, Robinson, Bednarek, Buduhan, Liu, Tan, Srinathan, Kidane), and Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute (Kidane)
| | - Richard Liu
- From the University of Manitoba (Weessies, Robinson, Bednarek, Buduhan, Liu, Tan, Srinathan, Kidane), and Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute (Kidane)
| | - Lawrence Tan
- From the University of Manitoba (Weessies, Robinson, Bednarek, Buduhan, Liu, Tan, Srinathan, Kidane), and Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute (Kidane)
| | - Sadeesh K Srinathan
- From the University of Manitoba (Weessies, Robinson, Bednarek, Buduhan, Liu, Tan, Srinathan, Kidane), and Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute (Kidane)
| | - Biniam Kidane
- From the University of Manitoba (Weessies, Robinson, Bednarek, Buduhan, Liu, Tan, Srinathan, Kidane), and Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute (Kidane)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roy Hilzenrat
- From the University of British Columbia (Hilzenrat), and Kelowna General Hospital (Blitz, Deen, Humer, Jugnauth, Buduhan)
| | - Maurice Blitz
- From the University of British Columbia (Hilzenrat), and Kelowna General Hospital (Blitz, Deen, Humer, Jugnauth, Buduhan)
| | - Shaun Deen
- From the University of British Columbia (Hilzenrat), and Kelowna General Hospital (Blitz, Deen, Humer, Jugnauth, Buduhan)
| | - Michael Humer
- From the University of British Columbia (Hilzenrat), and Kelowna General Hospital (Blitz, Deen, Humer, Jugnauth, Buduhan)
| | - Anand Jugnauth
- From the University of British Columbia (Hilzenrat), and Kelowna General Hospital (Blitz, Deen, Humer, Jugnauth, Buduhan)
| | - Gordon Buduhan
- From the University of British Columbia (Hilzenrat), and Kelowna General Hospital (Blitz, Deen, Humer, Jugnauth, Buduhan)
| | - Laura Kerr
- From the Northern Ontario School of Medicine
| | - Simon Sun
- From the Northern Ontario School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Brandon Loshusan
- From the London Health Sciences Centre (Loshusan, Qiabi, Nayak, Malthaner), and Western University (Shamsil, Naish, Patel)
| | - Arefin Shamsil
- From the London Health Sciences Centre (Loshusan, Qiabi, Nayak, Malthaner), and Western University (Shamsil, Naish, Patel)
| | - Michael D Naish
- From the London Health Sciences Centre (Loshusan, Qiabi, Nayak, Malthaner), and Western University (Shamsil, Naish, Patel)
| | - Mehdi Qiabi
- From the London Health Sciences Centre (Loshusan, Qiabi, Nayak, Malthaner), and Western University (Shamsil, Naish, Patel)
| | - Rahul Nayak
- From the London Health Sciences Centre (Loshusan, Qiabi, Nayak, Malthaner), and Western University (Shamsil, Naish, Patel)
| | - Rajni Patel
- From the London Health Sciences Centre (Loshusan, Qiabi, Nayak, Malthaner), and Western University (Shamsil, Naish, Patel)
| | - Richard Malthaner
- From the London Health Sciences Centre (Loshusan, Qiabi, Nayak, Malthaner), and Western University (Shamsil, Naish, Patel)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sami Aftab Abdul
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Carleton University (Abdul), University of Ottawa (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak)
| | - Francois Khazoom
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Carleton University (Abdul), University of Ottawa (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak)
| | - Katherine Aw
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Carleton University (Abdul), University of Ottawa (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak)
| | - Rebecca Lau
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Carleton University (Abdul), University of Ottawa (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak)
| | - Sebastien Gilbert
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Carleton University (Abdul), University of Ottawa (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak)
| | - Sudhir Sundaresan
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Carleton University (Abdul), University of Ottawa (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak)
| | - Daniel Jones
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Carleton University (Abdul), University of Ottawa (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak)
| | - Andrew J E Seely
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Carleton University (Abdul), University of Ottawa (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak)
| | - Patrick J Villeneuve
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Carleton University (Abdul), University of Ottawa (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak)
| | - Donna E Maziak
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Carleton University (Abdul), University of Ottawa (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lea Tessier
- From McMaster University (Tessier, McKechnie, Lee, Park, Gangam, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Gangam, Eskicioglu)
| | - Tyler McKechnie
- From McMaster University (Tessier, McKechnie, Lee, Park, Gangam, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Gangam, Eskicioglu)
| | - Yung Lee
- From McMaster University (Tessier, McKechnie, Lee, Park, Gangam, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Gangam, Eskicioglu)
| | - Lily Park
- From McMaster University (Tessier, McKechnie, Lee, Park, Gangam, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Gangam, Eskicioglu)
| | - Nirupa Gangam
- From McMaster University (Tessier, McKechnie, Lee, Park, Gangam, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Gangam, Eskicioglu)
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- From McMaster University (Tessier, McKechnie, Lee, Park, Gangam, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Gangam, Eskicioglu)
| | - Zacharie Cloutier
- From McMaster University ( Cloutier, McKechnie, Archer, Park, Hong, Eskicioglu), University of Calgary (Lee), and Western University (Patel)
| | - Tyler McKechnie
- From McMaster University ( Cloutier, McKechnie, Archer, Park, Hong, Eskicioglu), University of Calgary (Lee), and Western University (Patel)
| | - Victoria Archer
- From McMaster University ( Cloutier, McKechnie, Archer, Park, Hong, Eskicioglu), University of Calgary (Lee), and Western University (Patel)
| | - Lily Park
- From McMaster University ( Cloutier, McKechnie, Archer, Park, Hong, Eskicioglu), University of Calgary (Lee), and Western University (Patel)
| | - Jay Lee
- From McMaster University ( Cloutier, McKechnie, Archer, Park, Hong, Eskicioglu), University of Calgary (Lee), and Western University (Patel)
| | - Ashaka Patel
- From McMaster University ( Cloutier, McKechnie, Archer, Park, Hong, Eskicioglu), University of Calgary (Lee), and Western University (Patel)
| | - Dennis Hong
- From McMaster University ( Cloutier, McKechnie, Archer, Park, Hong, Eskicioglu), University of Calgary (Lee), and Western University (Patel)
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- From McMaster University ( Cloutier, McKechnie, Archer, Park, Hong, Eskicioglu), University of Calgary (Lee), and Western University (Patel)
| | - Simarpreet Ichhpuniani
- From McMaster University (Ichhpuniani, McKechnie, Elder, Chen, Benko), and St. Joseph Healthcare (Logie, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Tyler McKechnie
- From McMaster University (Ichhpuniani, McKechnie, Elder, Chen, Benko), and St. Joseph Healthcare (Logie, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Geoffrey Elder
- From McMaster University (Ichhpuniani, McKechnie, Elder, Chen, Benko), and St. Joseph Healthcare (Logie, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Andrew Chen
- From McMaster University (Ichhpuniani, McKechnie, Elder, Chen, Benko), and St. Joseph Healthcare (Logie, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Kathleen Logie
- From McMaster University (Ichhpuniani, McKechnie, Elder, Chen, Benko), and St. Joseph Healthcare (Logie, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Aristithes Doumouras
- From McMaster University (Ichhpuniani, McKechnie, Elder, Chen, Benko), and St. Joseph Healthcare (Logie, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Dennis Hong
- From McMaster University (Ichhpuniani, McKechnie, Elder, Chen, Benko), and St. Joseph Healthcare (Logie, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Randy Benko
- From McMaster University (Ichhpuniani, McKechnie, Elder, Chen, Benko), and St. Joseph Healthcare (Logie, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- From McMaster University (Ichhpuniani, McKechnie, Elder, Chen, Benko), and St. Joseph Healthcare (Logie, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Matthew Castelo
- From the University of Toronto (Castelo, Paszat, Hansen, Scheer, Baxter), and ICES (Faught, Nguyen)
| | - Lawrence Paszat
- From the University of Toronto (Castelo, Paszat, Hansen, Scheer, Baxter), and ICES (Faught, Nguyen)
| | - Bettina Hansen
- From the University of Toronto (Castelo, Paszat, Hansen, Scheer, Baxter), and ICES (Faught, Nguyen)
| | - Adena Scheer
- From the University of Toronto (Castelo, Paszat, Hansen, Scheer, Baxter), and ICES (Faught, Nguyen)
| | - Neil Faught
- From the University of Toronto (Castelo, Paszat, Hansen, Scheer, Baxter), and ICES (Faught, Nguyen)
| | - Lena Nguyen
- From the University of Toronto (Castelo, Paszat, Hansen, Scheer, Baxter), and ICES (Faught, Nguyen)
| | - Nancy Baxter
- From the University of Toronto (Castelo, Paszat, Hansen, Scheer, Baxter), and ICES (Faught, Nguyen)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tyler McKechnie
- From McMaster University (McKechnie, Khamar, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu), and University of Toronto (Sachdeva)
| | - Jigish Khamar
- From McMaster University (McKechnie, Khamar, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu), and University of Toronto (Sachdeva)
| | - Anjali Sachdeva
- From McMaster University (McKechnie, Khamar, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu), and University of Toronto (Sachdeva)
| | - Yung Lee
- From McMaster University (McKechnie, Khamar, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu), and University of Toronto (Sachdeva)
| | - Dennis Hong
- From McMaster University (McKechnie, Khamar, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu), and University of Toronto (Sachdeva)
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- From McMaster University (McKechnie, Khamar, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu), and University of Toronto (Sachdeva)
| | - Linda Y N Fei
- From Queen's University (Fei, Patel, Popa, Boudreau, Grin, Wang), and the Orlando Health Colon $ Rectal Institute (Caycedo)
| | - Antonio Caycedo
- From Queen's University (Fei, Patel, Popa, Boudreau, Grin, Wang), and the Orlando Health Colon $ Rectal Institute (Caycedo)
| | - Sunil Patel
- From Queen's University (Fei, Patel, Popa, Boudreau, Grin, Wang), and the Orlando Health Colon $ Rectal Institute (Caycedo)
| | - Teodora Popa
- From Queen's University (Fei, Patel, Popa, Boudreau, Grin, Wang), and the Orlando Health Colon $ Rectal Institute (Caycedo)
| | - Lee Boudreau
- From Queen's University (Fei, Patel, Popa, Boudreau, Grin, Wang), and the Orlando Health Colon $ Rectal Institute (Caycedo)
| | - Andrea Grin
- From Queen's University (Fei, Patel, Popa, Boudreau, Grin, Wang), and the Orlando Health Colon $ Rectal Institute (Caycedo)
| | - Tao Wang
- From Queen's University (Fei, Patel, Popa, Boudreau, Grin, Wang), and the Orlando Health Colon $ Rectal Institute (Caycedo)
| | - Jessica Lie
- From the University of British Columbia (Lie), and St. Paul's Hospital (Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Ahmer Karimuddin
- From the University of British Columbia (Lie), and St. Paul's Hospital (Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Carl Brown
- From the University of British Columbia (Lie), and St. Paul's Hospital (Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Terry Phang
- From the University of British Columbia (Lie), and St. Paul's Hospital (Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Manoj Raval
- From the University of British Columbia (Lie), and St. Paul's Hospital (Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Amandeep Ghuman
- From the University of British Columbia (Lie), and St. Paul's Hospital (Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patricia Balmes
- From University of British Columbia (Balmes, Phang, Guo, Liu), and St. Paul's Hospital (Phang)
| | - Terry Phang
- From University of British Columbia (Balmes, Phang, Guo, Liu), and St. Paul's Hospital (Phang)
| | - Michael Guo
- From University of British Columbia (Balmes, Phang, Guo, Liu), and St. Paul's Hospital (Phang)
| | - Jerry Liu
- From University of British Columbia (Balmes, Phang, Guo, Liu), and St. Paul's Hospital (Phang)
| | - Haven Roy
- From the University of Manitoba (Roy, Webber, Shariff, Helewa, Hochman, Johnson, Hyun), and University of British Columbia (Park)
| | - Sandra Webber
- From the University of Manitoba (Roy, Webber, Shariff, Helewa, Hochman, Johnson, Hyun), and University of British Columbia (Park)
| | - Farhana Shariff
- From the University of Manitoba (Roy, Webber, Shariff, Helewa, Hochman, Johnson, Hyun), and University of British Columbia (Park)
| | - Ramzi M Helewa
- From the University of Manitoba (Roy, Webber, Shariff, Helewa, Hochman, Johnson, Hyun), and University of British Columbia (Park)
| | - Dave Hochman
- From the University of Manitoba (Roy, Webber, Shariff, Helewa, Hochman, Johnson, Hyun), and University of British Columbia (Park)
| | - Jason Park
- From the University of Manitoba (Roy, Webber, Shariff, Helewa, Hochman, Johnson, Hyun), and University of British Columbia (Park)
| | - Garrett Johnson
- From the University of Manitoba (Roy, Webber, Shariff, Helewa, Hochman, Johnson, Hyun), and University of British Columbia (Park)
| | - Eric Hyun
- From the University of Manitoba (Roy, Webber, Shariff, Helewa, Hochman, Johnson, Hyun), and University of British Columbia (Park)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard Hu
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ahn, Tudorache, Moloo, Williams, Raîche, Musselman), and Université de Montréal (Lacaille-Ranger)
| | - Ariane Lacaille-Ranger
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ahn, Tudorache, Moloo, Williams, Raîche, Musselman), and Université de Montréal (Lacaille-Ranger)
| | - San Ahn
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ahn, Tudorache, Moloo, Williams, Raîche, Musselman), and Université de Montréal (Lacaille-Ranger)
| | - Mihaela Tudorache
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ahn, Tudorache, Moloo, Williams, Raîche, Musselman), and Université de Montréal (Lacaille-Ranger)
| | - Husein Moloo
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ahn, Tudorache, Moloo, Williams, Raîche, Musselman), and Université de Montréal (Lacaille-Ranger)
| | - Lara Williams
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ahn, Tudorache, Moloo, Williams, Raîche, Musselman), and Université de Montréal (Lacaille-Ranger)
| | - Isabelle Raîche
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ahn, Tudorache, Moloo, Williams, Raîche, Musselman), and Université de Montréal (Lacaille-Ranger)
| | - Reilly Musselman
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ahn, Tudorache, Moloo, Williams, Raîche, Musselman), and Université de Montréal (Lacaille-Ranger)
| | - Maddy Lemke
- From Western University (Lemke, Allen, Vogt, Brackstone, Zwiep), and University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe)
| | - Laura Allen
- From Western University (Lemke, Allen, Vogt, Brackstone, Zwiep), and University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe)
| | - Nadeesha Samarasinghe
- From Western University (Lemke, Allen, Vogt, Brackstone, Zwiep), and University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe)
| | - Kelly Vogt
- From Western University (Lemke, Allen, Vogt, Brackstone, Zwiep), and University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe)
| | - Muriel Brackstone
- From Western University (Lemke, Allen, Vogt, Brackstone, Zwiep), and University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe)
| | - Terry Zwiep
- From Western University (Lemke, Allen, Vogt, Brackstone, Zwiep), and University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jerry Liu
- From the University of British Columbia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alex Chen
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Chen, Boutros, Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian, Rigas), and McGill University Health Centre (Caminsky, Dumitra)
| | - Marylise Boutros
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Chen, Boutros, Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian, Rigas), and McGill University Health Centre (Caminsky, Dumitra)
| | - Natasha Caminsky
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Chen, Boutros, Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian, Rigas), and McGill University Health Centre (Caminsky, Dumitra)
| | - Teodora Dumitra
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Chen, Boutros, Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian, Rigas), and McGill University Health Centre (Caminsky, Dumitra)
| | - Sarah Faris-Sabboobeh
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Chen, Boutros, Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian, Rigas), and McGill University Health Centre (Caminsky, Dumitra)
| | - Marie Demian
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Chen, Boutros, Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian, Rigas), and McGill University Health Centre (Caminsky, Dumitra)
| | - Georgia Rigas
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Chen, Boutros, Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian, Rigas), and McGill University Health Centre (Caminsky, Dumitra)
| | - Olivia Monton
- From McMaster University (Monton), Western University (Smith), McGill University (Moon, Garfinkle), Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Demian, Vasilevsky, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Allister Smith
- From McMaster University (Monton), Western University (Smith), McGill University (Moon, Garfinkle), Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Demian, Vasilevsky, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Jeongyoon Moon
- From McMaster University (Monton), Western University (Smith), McGill University (Moon, Garfinkle), Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Demian, Vasilevsky, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Marie Demian
- From McMaster University (Monton), Western University (Smith), McGill University (Moon, Garfinkle), Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Demian, Vasilevsky, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Richard Garfinkle
- From McMaster University (Monton), Western University (Smith), McGill University (Moon, Garfinkle), Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Demian, Vasilevsky, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Carol-Ann Vasilevsky
- From McMaster University (Monton), Western University (Smith), McGill University (Moon, Garfinkle), Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Demian, Vasilevsky, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Fateme Rajabiyazdi
- From McMaster University (Monton), Western University (Smith), McGill University (Moon, Garfinkle), Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Demian, Vasilevsky, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Marylise Boutros
- From McMaster University (Monton), Western University (Smith), McGill University (Moon, Garfinkle), Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Demian, Vasilevsky, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | | | | | | | - Kala Hickey
- From the Memorial University of Newfoundland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David Pace
- From the Memorial University of Newfoundland
| | | | - Jeongyoon Moon
- From the McGill University Health Centre (Moon), McGill University (Salama, Wang, Arsenault, Leon, Loiselle, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Ebram Salama
- From the McGill University Health Centre (Moon), McGill University (Salama, Wang, Arsenault, Leon, Loiselle, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Anna Wang
- From the McGill University Health Centre (Moon), McGill University (Salama, Wang, Arsenault, Leon, Loiselle, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Mylène Arsenault
- From the McGill University Health Centre (Moon), McGill University (Salama, Wang, Arsenault, Leon, Loiselle, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Nathalie Leon
- From the McGill University Health Centre (Moon), McGill University (Salama, Wang, Arsenault, Leon, Loiselle, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Carmen Loiselle
- From the McGill University Health Centre (Moon), McGill University (Salama, Wang, Arsenault, Leon, Loiselle, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Fatemeh Rajabiyazdi
- From the McGill University Health Centre (Moon), McGill University (Salama, Wang, Arsenault, Leon, Loiselle, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Marylise Boutros
- From the McGill University Health Centre (Moon), McGill University (Salama, Wang, Arsenault, Leon, Loiselle, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Neyla Boukhili
- From McGill University ( Boukhili, Caminsky, Boutros), and the Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian)
| | - Natasha Caminsky
- From McGill University ( Boukhili, Caminsky, Boutros), and the Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian)
| | - Sarah Faris-Sabboobeh
- From McGill University ( Boukhili, Caminsky, Boutros), and the Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian)
| | - Marie Demian
- From McGill University ( Boukhili, Caminsky, Boutros), and the Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian)
| | - Marylise Boutros
- From McGill University ( Boukhili, Caminsky, Boutros), and the Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Terry Zwiep
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Deborah Abner
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Tarik Alam
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Elaine Beyer
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Michele Evans
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Mary Hill
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Debra Johnston
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Karla Lohnes
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Svea Menard
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Nicole Pitcher
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Kelly Sair
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Bev Smith
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Bonita Yarjau
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Kimberly LeBlanc
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Nadeesha Samarasinghe
- From the University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe, Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman), and College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia (MacDonell)
| | - Ahmer A Karimuddin
- From the University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe, Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman), and College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia (MacDonell)
| | - Carl J Brown
- From the University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe, Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman), and College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia (MacDonell)
| | - P Terry Phang
- From the University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe, Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman), and College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia (MacDonell)
| | - Manoj J Raval
- From the University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe, Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman), and College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia (MacDonell)
| | - Karen MacDonell
- From the University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe, Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman), and College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia (MacDonell)
| | - Amandeep Ghuman
- From the University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe, Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman), and College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia (MacDonell)
| | - Alexandra Harvey
- From the University of British Columbia (Harvey, Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - P Terry Phang
- From the University of British Columbia (Harvey, Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Ahmer Karimuddin
- From the University of British Columbia (Harvey, Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Carl J Brown
- From the University of British Columbia (Harvey, Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Manoj J Raval
- From the University of British Columbia (Harvey, Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Amandeep Ghuman
- From the University of British Columbia (Harvey, Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ameer Farooq
- From Queen's University (Farooq, Patel, Macdonald), and St. Paul's Hospital (Ghuman, Karimuddin, Raval, Phang, Brown)
| | - Amandeep Ghuman
- From Queen's University (Farooq, Patel, Macdonald), and St. Paul's Hospital (Ghuman, Karimuddin, Raval, Phang, Brown)
| | - Sunil Patel
- From Queen's University (Farooq, Patel, Macdonald), and St. Paul's Hospital (Ghuman, Karimuddin, Raval, Phang, Brown)
| | - Hugh Macdonald
- From Queen's University (Farooq, Patel, Macdonald), and St. Paul's Hospital (Ghuman, Karimuddin, Raval, Phang, Brown)
| | - Ahmer Karimuddin
- From Queen's University (Farooq, Patel, Macdonald), and St. Paul's Hospital (Ghuman, Karimuddin, Raval, Phang, Brown)
| | - Manoj Raval
- From Queen's University (Farooq, Patel, Macdonald), and St. Paul's Hospital (Ghuman, Karimuddin, Raval, Phang, Brown)
| | - P Terry Phang
- From Queen's University (Farooq, Patel, Macdonald), and St. Paul's Hospital (Ghuman, Karimuddin, Raval, Phang, Brown)
| | - Carl Brown
- From Queen's University (Farooq, Patel, Macdonald), and St. Paul's Hospital (Ghuman, Karimuddin, Raval, Phang, Brown)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alessandro Ricci
- From the Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Ricci, Patel, Brennan, Farooq), and Queen's University (Wiseman, McClintock, Kong)
| | - Sunil Patel
- From the Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Ricci, Patel, Brennan, Farooq), and Queen's University (Wiseman, McClintock, Kong)
| | - Kelly Brennan
- From the Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Ricci, Patel, Brennan, Farooq), and Queen's University (Wiseman, McClintock, Kong)
| | - Vanessa Wiseman
- From the Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Ricci, Patel, Brennan, Farooq), and Queen's University (Wiseman, McClintock, Kong)
| | - Chad McClintock
- From the Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Ricci, Patel, Brennan, Farooq), and Queen's University (Wiseman, McClintock, Kong)
| | - Weidong Kong
- From the Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Ricci, Patel, Brennan, Farooq), and Queen's University (Wiseman, McClintock, Kong)
| | - Ameer Farooq
- From the Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Ricci, Patel, Brennan, Farooq), and Queen's University (Wiseman, McClintock, Kong)
| | - Rohan Kakkar
- From the University of British Columbia ( Kakkar, Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown), and St. Paul's Hospiral (Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown)
| | - Olivia Hershorn
- From the University of British Columbia ( Kakkar, Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown), and St. Paul's Hospiral (Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown)
| | - Manoj Raval
- From the University of British Columbia ( Kakkar, Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown), and St. Paul's Hospiral (Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown)
| | - P Terry Phang
- From the University of British Columbia ( Kakkar, Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown), and St. Paul's Hospiral (Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown)
| | - Ahmer Karimuddin
- From the University of British Columbia ( Kakkar, Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown), and St. Paul's Hospiral (Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown)
| | - Amandeep Ghuman
- From the University of British Columbia ( Kakkar, Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown), and St. Paul's Hospiral (Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown)
| | - Carl Brown
- From the University of British Columbia ( Kakkar, Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown), and St. Paul's Hospiral (Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown)
| | | | | | | | - Roy Hajjar
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Emmanuel Gonzalez
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Gabriela Fragoso
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Manon Oliero
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Ahmed Amine Alaoui
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Hervé Vennin Rendos
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Souad Djediai
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Thibault Cuisiniere
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Patrick Laplante
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Claire Gerkins
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Ayodeji Samuel Ajayi
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Khoudia Diop
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Nassima Taleb
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Sophie Thérien
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Frédéricke Schampaert
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Hefzi Alratrout
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - François Dagbert
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Rasmy Loungnarath
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Herawaty Sebajang
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Frank Schwenter
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Ramses Wassef
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Richard Ratelle
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Éric Debroux
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Jean-François Cailhier
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Bertrand Routy
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Borhane Annabi
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Nicholas J B Brereton
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Carole Richard
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Manuela M Santos
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Tamara Gimon
- From the University of Toronto (Gimon, MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Chadi, Kennedy), Mount Sinai Hospital (MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Kennedy), and University Health Network (Chadi)
| | - Helen MacRae
- From the University of Toronto (Gimon, MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Chadi, Kennedy), Mount Sinai Hospital (MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Kennedy), and University Health Network (Chadi)
| | - Anthony de Buck van Overstraeten
- From the University of Toronto (Gimon, MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Chadi, Kennedy), Mount Sinai Hospital (MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Kennedy), and University Health Network (Chadi)
| | - Mantaj Brar
- From the University of Toronto (Gimon, MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Chadi, Kennedy), Mount Sinai Hospital (MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Kennedy), and University Health Network (Chadi)
| | - Sami Chadi
- From the University of Toronto (Gimon, MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Chadi, Kennedy), Mount Sinai Hospital (MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Kennedy), and University Health Network (Chadi)
| | - Erin Kennedy
- From the University of Toronto (Gimon, MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Chadi, Kennedy), Mount Sinai Hospital (MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Kennedy), and University Health Network (Chadi)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lily J Park
- From McMaster University (Park, Archer, McKechnie, Lee, Eskicioglu, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Devereaux), University of Otawa (McIsaac, Moloo), and Western University (Rashanov)
| | - Victoria Archer
- From McMaster University (Park, Archer, McKechnie, Lee, Eskicioglu, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Devereaux), University of Otawa (McIsaac, Moloo), and Western University (Rashanov)
| | - Tyler McKechnie
- From McMaster University (Park, Archer, McKechnie, Lee, Eskicioglu, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Devereaux), University of Otawa (McIsaac, Moloo), and Western University (Rashanov)
| | - Yung Lee
- From McMaster University (Park, Archer, McKechnie, Lee, Eskicioglu, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Devereaux), University of Otawa (McIsaac, Moloo), and Western University (Rashanov)
| | - Daniel McIsaac
- From McMaster University (Park, Archer, McKechnie, Lee, Eskicioglu, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Devereaux), University of Otawa (McIsaac, Moloo), and Western University (Rashanov)
| | - Pavel Rashanov
- From McMaster University (Park, Archer, McKechnie, Lee, Eskicioglu, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Devereaux), University of Otawa (McIsaac, Moloo), and Western University (Rashanov)
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- From McMaster University (Park, Archer, McKechnie, Lee, Eskicioglu, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Devereaux), University of Otawa (McIsaac, Moloo), and Western University (Rashanov)
| | - Husein Moloo
- From McMaster University (Park, Archer, McKechnie, Lee, Eskicioglu, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Devereaux), University of Otawa (McIsaac, Moloo), and Western University (Rashanov)
| | - P J Devereaux
- From McMaster University (Park, Archer, McKechnie, Lee, Eskicioglu, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Devereaux), University of Otawa (McIsaac, Moloo), and Western University (Rashanov)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roy Hajjar
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Manon Oliero
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Gabriela Fragoso
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Ayodeji Samuel Ajayi
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Ahmed Amine Alaoui
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Hervé Vennin Rendos
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Annie Calvé
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Thibault Cuisinière
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Claire Gerkins
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Sophie Thérien
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Nassima Taleb
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - François Dagbert
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Herawaty Sebajang
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Rasmy Loungnarath
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Frank Schwenter
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Richard Ratelle
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Ramses Wassef
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Eric Debroux
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Carole Richard
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Manuela M Santos
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Erin Kennedy
- From Mount Sinai Hospital (Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto ( Kennedy), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Marko Simunovic
- From Mount Sinai Hospital (Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto ( Kennedy), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Selina Schmocker
- From Mount Sinai Hospital (Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto ( Kennedy), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Carl Brown
- From Mount Sinai Hospital (Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto ( Kennedy), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Anthony MacLean
- From Mount Sinai Hospital (Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto ( Kennedy), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Sender Liberman
- From Mount Sinai Hospital (Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto ( Kennedy), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Sébastien Drolet
- From Mount Sinai Hospital (Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto ( Kennedy), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Katerina Neumann
- From Mount Sinai Hospital (Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto ( Kennedy), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Peter Stotland
- From Mount Sinai Hospital (Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto ( Kennedy), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Kartik Jhaveri
- From Mount Sinai Hospital (Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto ( Kennedy), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Richard Kirsch
- From Mount Sinai Hospital (Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto ( Kennedy), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | | | | | | | - Alex Chen
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital
| | - Georgia Rigas
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital
| | - Haroon Munir
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital
| | - Ali Safar
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital
| | | | | | | | - Erin Kennedy
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Carole Richard
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Marko Simunovic
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Selina Schmocker
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Carl Brown
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Anthony MacLean
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Sender Liberman
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Sébastien Drolet
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Katerina Neumann
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Peter Stotland
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Kartik Jhaveri
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Richard Kirsch
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Allison Pang
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital
| | | | | | - Mohammed Al-Abri
- From the University of British Columbia (Al-Abri, Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Elliott Gee
- From the University of British Columbia (Al-Abri, Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Ahmer Karimuddin
- From the University of British Columbia (Al-Abri, Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - P Terry Phang
- From the University of British Columbia (Al-Abri, Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Carl Brown
- From the University of British Columbia (Al-Abri, Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Manoj Raval
- From the University of British Columbia (Al-Abri, Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Amandeep Ghuman
- From the University of British Columbia (Al-Abri, Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Nina Morena
- From McGill University (Morena, Ben-Zvi, Hayman, Rentschler), University of Calgary (Hou), McGill University Health Centre Research Institute (Nguyen), and St. Mary's Research Centre (Meguerditchian)
| | - Libby Ben-Zvi
- From McGill University (Morena, Ben-Zvi, Hayman, Rentschler), University of Calgary (Hou), McGill University Health Centre Research Institute (Nguyen), and St. Mary's Research Centre (Meguerditchian)
| | - Victoria Hayman
- From McGill University (Morena, Ben-Zvi, Hayman, Rentschler), University of Calgary (Hou), McGill University Health Centre Research Institute (Nguyen), and St. Mary's Research Centre (Meguerditchian)
| | - Mary Hou
- From McGill University (Morena, Ben-Zvi, Hayman, Rentschler), University of Calgary (Hou), McGill University Health Centre Research Institute (Nguyen), and St. Mary's Research Centre (Meguerditchian)
| | - Diana Nguyen
- From McGill University (Morena, Ben-Zvi, Hayman, Rentschler), University of Calgary (Hou), McGill University Health Centre Research Institute (Nguyen), and St. Mary's Research Centre (Meguerditchian)
| | - Carrie A Rentschler
- From McGill University (Morena, Ben-Zvi, Hayman, Rentschler), University of Calgary (Hou), McGill University Health Centre Research Institute (Nguyen), and St. Mary's Research Centre (Meguerditchian)
| | - Ari N Meguerditchian
- From McGill University (Morena, Ben-Zvi, Hayman, Rentschler), University of Calgary (Hou), McGill University Health Centre Research Institute (Nguyen), and St. Mary's Research Centre (Meguerditchian)
| | - Zuhaib Mir
- From Queen's University (Mir, Fei, McKeown, Dinchong, Cofie, Dalgarno, Merchant), and University of British Columbia (Cheifetz)
| | - Linda Fei
- From Queen's University (Mir, Fei, McKeown, Dinchong, Cofie, Dalgarno, Merchant), and University of British Columbia (Cheifetz)
| | - Sandra McKeown
- From Queen's University (Mir, Fei, McKeown, Dinchong, Cofie, Dalgarno, Merchant), and University of British Columbia (Cheifetz)
| | - Rachelle Dinchong
- From Queen's University (Mir, Fei, McKeown, Dinchong, Cofie, Dalgarno, Merchant), and University of British Columbia (Cheifetz)
| | - Nicholas Cofie
- From Queen's University (Mir, Fei, McKeown, Dinchong, Cofie, Dalgarno, Merchant), and University of British Columbia (Cheifetz)
| | - Nancy Dalgarno
- From Queen's University (Mir, Fei, McKeown, Dinchong, Cofie, Dalgarno, Merchant), and University of British Columbia (Cheifetz)
| | - Rona Cheifetz
- From Queen's University (Mir, Fei, McKeown, Dinchong, Cofie, Dalgarno, Merchant), and University of British Columbia (Cheifetz)
| | - Shaila Merchant
- From Queen's University (Mir, Fei, McKeown, Dinchong, Cofie, Dalgarno, Merchant), and University of British Columbia (Cheifetz)
| | - Alisha Jaffer
- From the University of Limerick (Jaffer, Jalali), University Hospital Waterford (Cullinane), and University Hospital Limerick (Feeney, Merrigan, Baban, Buckley, Tormey)
| | - Carolyn Cullinane
- From the University of Limerick (Jaffer, Jalali), University Hospital Waterford (Cullinane), and University Hospital Limerick (Feeney, Merrigan, Baban, Buckley, Tormey)
| | - Gerard Feeney
- From the University of Limerick (Jaffer, Jalali), University Hospital Waterford (Cullinane), and University Hospital Limerick (Feeney, Merrigan, Baban, Buckley, Tormey)
| | - Amirhossein Jalali
- From the University of Limerick (Jaffer, Jalali), University Hospital Waterford (Cullinane), and University Hospital Limerick (Feeney, Merrigan, Baban, Buckley, Tormey)
| | - Anne Merrigan
- From the University of Limerick (Jaffer, Jalali), University Hospital Waterford (Cullinane), and University Hospital Limerick (Feeney, Merrigan, Baban, Buckley, Tormey)
| | - Chwanrow Baban
- From the University of Limerick (Jaffer, Jalali), University Hospital Waterford (Cullinane), and University Hospital Limerick (Feeney, Merrigan, Baban, Buckley, Tormey)
| | - Juliette Buckley
- From the University of Limerick (Jaffer, Jalali), University Hospital Waterford (Cullinane), and University Hospital Limerick (Feeney, Merrigan, Baban, Buckley, Tormey)
| | - Shona Tormey
- From the University of Limerick (Jaffer, Jalali), University Hospital Waterford (Cullinane), and University Hospital Limerick (Feeney, Merrigan, Baban, Buckley, Tormey)
| | | | - Rongrong Wu
- From the Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | - Karineh Kazazian
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Ali Hosni Abdalaty
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Christine Brezden
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Ron Burkes
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Eric Chen
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Anand Govindarajan
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Raymond Jang
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Erin Kennedy
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Jelena Lukovic
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Aruz Mesci
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Fayez Quereshy
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Carol Swallow
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Sami Chadi
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | | | | | - Wanda Marini
- From the University of Toronto (Marini, Ohashi, Reedijk), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Zheng, Murakami), and University Health Network (Zheng, Murakami)
| | - Weiyue Zheng
- From the University of Toronto (Marini, Ohashi, Reedijk), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Zheng, Murakami), and University Health Network (Zheng, Murakami)
| | - Kiichi Murakami
- From the University of Toronto (Marini, Ohashi, Reedijk), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Zheng, Murakami), and University Health Network (Zheng, Murakami)
| | - Pamela Ohashi
- From the University of Toronto (Marini, Ohashi, Reedijk), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Zheng, Murakami), and University Health Network (Zheng, Murakami)
| | - Michael Reedijk
- From the University of Toronto (Marini, Ohashi, Reedijk), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Zheng, Murakami), and University Health Network (Zheng, Murakami)
| | - Richard Hu
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ivankovic, Han, Gresham), and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Mallick, Auer)
| | - Victoria Ivankovic
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ivankovic, Han, Gresham), and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Mallick, Auer)
| | - Lewis Han
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ivankovic, Han, Gresham), and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Mallick, Auer)
| | - Louise Gresham
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ivankovic, Han, Gresham), and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Mallick, Auer)
| | - Ranjeeta Mallick
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ivankovic, Han, Gresham), and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Mallick, Auer)
| | - Rebecca Auer
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ivankovic, Han, Gresham), and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Mallick, Auer)
| | - Tiago Ribeiro
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), and the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet)
| | - Adom Bondzi-Simpson
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), and the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet)
| | - Natalie Coburn
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), and the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet)
| | - Julie Hallet
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), and the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet)
| | - Tulin Cil
- From the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Cil), University Health Network (Cil), and University of Toronto (Cil, Fontebasso)
| | - Adam Fontebasso
- From the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Cil), University Health Network (Cil), and University of Toronto (Cil, Fontebasso)
| | - Alex Lee
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Ericka Bernard-Bedard
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Boaz Wong
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Heidi Li
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Elysia Grose
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Olivier Brandts-Longtin
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Katie Aw
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Rebecca Lau
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Ahmad Abed
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - James Stevenson
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Rahat Sheikh
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Richard Chen
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Stephanie Johnson-Obaseki
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Carolyn Nessim
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuvreet Kaur
- From the University of Toronto (Kaur, Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Swallow), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Covelli, Quereshy Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), University Health Network (Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Covelli, Quereshy, Burnett, Swallow)
| | - Andrea Covelli
- From the University of Toronto (Kaur, Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Swallow), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Covelli, Quereshy Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), University Health Network (Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Covelli, Quereshy, Burnett, Swallow)
| | - Fayez Quereshy
- From the University of Toronto (Kaur, Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Swallow), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Covelli, Quereshy Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), University Health Network (Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Covelli, Quereshy, Burnett, Swallow)
| | - Elena Elimova
- From the University of Toronto (Kaur, Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Swallow), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Covelli, Quereshy Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), University Health Network (Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Covelli, Quereshy, Burnett, Swallow)
| | - Elan Panov
- From the University of Toronto (Kaur, Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Swallow), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Covelli, Quereshy Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), University Health Network (Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Covelli, Quereshy, Burnett, Swallow)
| | - Jelena Lukovic
- From the University of Toronto (Kaur, Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Swallow), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Covelli, Quereshy Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), University Health Network (Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Covelli, Quereshy, Burnett, Swallow)
| | - James Brierley
- From the University of Toronto (Kaur, Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Swallow), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Covelli, Quereshy Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), University Health Network (Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Covelli, Quereshy, Burnett, Swallow)
| | - Bev Burnett
- From the University of Toronto (Kaur, Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Swallow), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Covelli, Quereshy Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), University Health Network (Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Covelli, Quereshy, Burnett, Swallow)
| | - Carol Swallow
- From the University of Toronto (Kaur, Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Swallow), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Covelli, Quereshy Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), University Health Network (Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Covelli, Quereshy, Burnett, Swallow)
| | - Ashley Eom
- From McMaster University (Eom, Hodgson, Doumoura, Bogach, Whelan, Levine, Parvez), and ICES (Kirkwood)
| | - David Kirkwood
- From McMaster University (Eom, Hodgson, Doumoura, Bogach, Whelan, Levine, Parvez), and ICES (Kirkwood)
| | - Nicole Hodgson
- From McMaster University (Eom, Hodgson, Doumoura, Bogach, Whelan, Levine, Parvez), and ICES (Kirkwood)
| | - Aristithes Doumouras
- From McMaster University (Eom, Hodgson, Doumoura, Bogach, Whelan, Levine, Parvez), and ICES (Kirkwood)
| | - Jessica Bogach
- From McMaster University (Eom, Hodgson, Doumoura, Bogach, Whelan, Levine, Parvez), and ICES (Kirkwood)
| | - Timothy Whelan
- From McMaster University (Eom, Hodgson, Doumoura, Bogach, Whelan, Levine, Parvez), and ICES (Kirkwood)
| | - Mark Levine
- From McMaster University (Eom, Hodgson, Doumoura, Bogach, Whelan, Levine, Parvez), and ICES (Kirkwood)
| | - Elena Parvez
- From McMaster University (Eom, Hodgson, Doumoura, Bogach, Whelan, Levine, Parvez), and ICES (Kirkwood)
| | - Deanna Ng
- From the University of Toronto (Ng, Kazazian, Lu, Magalhaes), University of British Columbia (Lee), and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Kim)
| | - Karineh Kazazian
- From the University of Toronto (Ng, Kazazian, Lu, Magalhaes), University of British Columbia (Lee), and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Kim)
| | - Kiera Lee
- From the University of Toronto (Ng, Kazazian, Lu, Magalhaes), University of British Columbia (Lee), and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Kim)
| | - Yi Qing Lu
- From the University of Toronto (Ng, Kazazian, Lu, Magalhaes), University of British Columbia (Lee), and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Kim)
| | - Dae Kyum Kim
- From the University of Toronto (Ng, Kazazian, Lu, Magalhaes), University of British Columbia (Lee), and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Kim)
| | - Marco Magalhaes
- From the University of Toronto (Ng, Kazazian, Lu, Magalhaes), University of British Columbia (Lee), and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Kim)
| | | | | | | | - Elliott K Yee
- From the University of Toronto (Yee), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), and ICES (Look Hong, Nguyen, Coburn)
| | - Julie Hallet
- From the University of Toronto (Yee), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), and ICES (Look Hong, Nguyen, Coburn)
| | - Nicole J Look Hong
- From the University of Toronto (Yee), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), and ICES (Look Hong, Nguyen, Coburn)
| | - Lena Nguyen
- From the University of Toronto (Yee), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), and ICES (Look Hong, Nguyen, Coburn)
| | - Natalie Coburn
- From the University of Toronto (Yee), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), and ICES (Look Hong, Nguyen, Coburn)
| | - Frances C Wright
- From the University of Toronto (Yee), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), and ICES (Look Hong, Nguyen, Coburn)
| | - Sonal Gandhi
- From the University of Toronto (Yee), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), and ICES (Look Hong, Nguyen, Coburn)
| | - Katarzyna J Jerzak
- From the University of Toronto (Yee), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), and ICES (Look Hong, Nguyen, Coburn)
| | - Andrea Eisen
- From the University of Toronto (Yee), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), and ICES (Look Hong, Nguyen, Coburn)
| | - Amanda Roberts
- From the University of Toronto (Yee), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), and ICES (Look Hong, Nguyen, Coburn)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Akie Watanabe
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Susan Yao
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Eitan Prisman
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Gary Groot
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Elliot Mitmaker
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Ross Walker
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Jonn Wu
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Jesse Pasternak
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Chi Kien Lai
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Antoine Eskander
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Jonathan Wasserman
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Frederic Mercier
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Kathryn Roth
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Sabrina Gill
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Carlos Villamil
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - David Goldstein
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Vicki Munro
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Alok Pathak
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Debon Lee
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Anne Nguyen
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Sam Wiseman
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Luckshi Rajendran
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Marco Claasen
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Tommy Ivanics
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Nazia Selzner
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Ian McGilvray
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Mark Cattral
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Anand Ghanekar
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Carol-Anne Moulton
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Trevor Reichman
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Chaya Shwaartz
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Ur Metser
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Ron Burkes
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Erin Winter
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Steven Gallinger
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Gonzalo Sapisochin
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Juan Glinka
- From London Health Sciences Centre and Western University
| | - Evelyn Waugh
- From London Health Sciences Centre and Western University
| | - Ken Leslie
- From London Health Sciences Centre and Western University
| | - Anton Skaro
- From London Health Sciences Centre and Western University
| | - Epharaim Tang
- From London Health Sciences Centre and Western University
| | - Juan Glinka
- From London Health Sciences Centre and Western University
| | - Janyssa Charbonneau
- From Université Laval (Charbonneau, Brind'Amour, Turgeon, O'Connor, Couture), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Charbonneau, Brind'Amour, Turgeon, Couture)
| | - Alexandre Brind'Amour
- From Université Laval (Charbonneau, Brind'Amour, Turgeon, O'Connor, Couture), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Charbonneau, Brind'Amour, Turgeon, Couture)
| | - Alexis F Turgeon
- From Université Laval (Charbonneau, Brind'Amour, Turgeon, O'Connor, Couture), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Charbonneau, Brind'Amour, Turgeon, Couture)
| | - Sarah O'Connor
- From Université Laval (Charbonneau, Brind'Amour, Turgeon, O'Connor, Couture), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Charbonneau, Brind'Amour, Turgeon, Couture)
| | - Thomas Couture
- From Université Laval (Charbonneau, Brind'Amour, Turgeon, O'Connor, Couture), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Charbonneau, Brind'Amour, Turgeon, Couture)
| | - Yifan Wang
- From McGill University (Wang), and Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center (Yoshino, Driedger, Beckman, Vrochides, Martinie)
| | - Osamu Yoshino
- From McGill University (Wang), and Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center (Yoshino, Driedger, Beckman, Vrochides, Martinie)
| | - Michael Driedger
- From McGill University (Wang), and Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center (Yoshino, Driedger, Beckman, Vrochides, Martinie)
| | - Michael Beckman
- From McGill University (Wang), and Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center (Yoshino, Driedger, Beckman, Vrochides, Martinie)
| | - Dionisios Vrochides
- From McGill University (Wang), and Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center (Yoshino, Driedger, Beckman, Vrochides, Martinie)
| | - John Martinie
- From McGill University (Wang), and Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center (Yoshino, Driedger, Beckman, Vrochides, Martinie)
| | - Abdulrahman Alabduljabbar
- From Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (Alabduljabbar), and Dalhousie University (Aali, Lightfoot, Gala-Lopez)
| | - Maral Aali
- From Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (Alabduljabbar), and Dalhousie University (Aali, Lightfoot, Gala-Lopez)
| | - Christopher Lightfoot
- From Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (Alabduljabbar), and Dalhousie University (Aali, Lightfoot, Gala-Lopez)
| | - Boris Gala-Lopez
- From Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (Alabduljabbar), and Dalhousie University (Aali, Lightfoot, Gala-Lopez)
| | | | | | | | - Dhruvin Hirpara
- From the University of Toronto (Hirpara, Zhu), University Health Network (Irish), Ontario Health (Rashid, Martin, McKnight, Hunter), Unity Health (Jayaraman), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Wei), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Wright)
| | - Jonathan Irish
- From the University of Toronto (Hirpara, Zhu), University Health Network (Irish), Ontario Health (Rashid, Martin, McKnight, Hunter), Unity Health (Jayaraman), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Wei), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Wright)
| | - Mohammed Rashid
- From the University of Toronto (Hirpara, Zhu), University Health Network (Irish), Ontario Health (Rashid, Martin, McKnight, Hunter), Unity Health (Jayaraman), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Wei), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Wright)
| | - Tharsiya Martin
- From the University of Toronto (Hirpara, Zhu), University Health Network (Irish), Ontario Health (Rashid, Martin, McKnight, Hunter), Unity Health (Jayaraman), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Wei), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Wright)
| | - Alice Zhu
- From the University of Toronto (Hirpara, Zhu), University Health Network (Irish), Ontario Health (Rashid, Martin, McKnight, Hunter), Unity Health (Jayaraman), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Wei), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Wright)
| | - Leah McKnight
- From the University of Toronto (Hirpara, Zhu), University Health Network (Irish), Ontario Health (Rashid, Martin, McKnight, Hunter), Unity Health (Jayaraman), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Wei), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Wright)
| | - Amber Hunter
- From the University of Toronto (Hirpara, Zhu), University Health Network (Irish), Ontario Health (Rashid, Martin, McKnight, Hunter), Unity Health (Jayaraman), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Wei), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Wright)
| | - Shiva Jayaraman
- From the University of Toronto (Hirpara, Zhu), University Health Network (Irish), Ontario Health (Rashid, Martin, McKnight, Hunter), Unity Health (Jayaraman), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Wei), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Wright)
| | - Alice Wei
- From the University of Toronto (Hirpara, Zhu), University Health Network (Irish), Ontario Health (Rashid, Martin, McKnight, Hunter), Unity Health (Jayaraman), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Wei), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Wright)
| | - Natalie Coburn
- From the University of Toronto (Hirpara, Zhu), University Health Network (Irish), Ontario Health (Rashid, Martin, McKnight, Hunter), Unity Health (Jayaraman), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Wei), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Wright)
| | - Frances Wright
- From the University of Toronto (Hirpara, Zhu), University Health Network (Irish), Ontario Health (Rashid, Martin, McKnight, Hunter), Unity Health (Jayaraman), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Wei), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Wright)
| | - Katlin Mallette
- From Canadian Surgical Technologies & Advanced Robotics (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel), London Health Sciences Centre (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang), and Western University (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang)
| | - Ahmad Elnahas
- From Canadian Surgical Technologies & Advanced Robotics (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel), London Health Sciences Centre (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang), and Western University (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang)
| | - Nawar Alkhamesi
- From Canadian Surgical Technologies & Advanced Robotics (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel), London Health Sciences Centre (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang), and Western University (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang)
| | - Christopher Schlachta
- From Canadian Surgical Technologies & Advanced Robotics (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel), London Health Sciences Centre (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang), and Western University (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang)
| | - Jeffrey Hawel
- From Canadian Surgical Technologies & Advanced Robotics (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel), London Health Sciences Centre (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang), and Western University (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang)
| | - Ephraim Tang
- From Canadian Surgical Technologies & Advanced Robotics (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel), London Health Sciences Centre (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang), and Western University (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jordan Yu
- From the University of British Columbia
| | | | - Peter Kim
- From the University of British Columbia
| | | | | | | | - Molly White
- From the University of Edinburgh (White), the University of Toronto (Tsang), and St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman)
| | - Melanie E Tsang
- From the University of Edinburgh (White), the University of Toronto (Tsang), and St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman)
| | - Shiva Jayaraman
- From the University of Edinburgh (White), the University of Toronto (Tsang), and St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman)
| | - Kimberley Lam-Tin-Cheung
- From the University of Toronto (Lam-Tin-Cheung, Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene), and Unity Health Toronto (Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene)
| | - Shiva Jayaraman
- From the University of Toronto (Lam-Tin-Cheung, Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene), and Unity Health Toronto (Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene)
| | - Melanie Tsang
- From the University of Toronto (Lam-Tin-Cheung, Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene), and Unity Health Toronto (Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene)
| | - Brittany Greene
- From the University of Toronto (Lam-Tin-Cheung, Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene), and Unity Health Toronto (Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene)
| | | | | | | | | | - Julien Côté
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Rolando Rebolledo
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Mélanie Borie
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Ahmed Menaouar
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Carolyne Landry
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Marylène Plasse
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Richard Létourneau
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Michel Dagenais
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Zhixia Rong
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - André Roy
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Eve Beaudry-Simoneau
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Franck Vandenbroucke-Menu
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Réal Lapointe
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Pasquale Ferraro
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Shant Der Sarkissian
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Nicolas Noiseux
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Simon Turcotte
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Yara Haddad
- From Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), and Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Lafortune, Roy, Perreault, Mayer, Marcinkiewicz, Mbikay, Chrétien)
| | - Antoine Bernard
- From Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), and Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Lafortune, Roy, Perreault, Mayer, Marcinkiewicz, Mbikay, Chrétien)
| | - Clara Lafortune
- From Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), and Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Lafortune, Roy, Perreault, Mayer, Marcinkiewicz, Mbikay, Chrétien)
| | - Nathalie Brassard
- From Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), and Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Lafortune, Roy, Perreault, Mayer, Marcinkiewicz, Mbikay, Chrétien)
| | - Annie Roy
- From Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), and Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Lafortune, Roy, Perreault, Mayer, Marcinkiewicz, Mbikay, Chrétien)
| | - Claude Perreault
- From Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), and Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Lafortune, Roy, Perreault, Mayer, Marcinkiewicz, Mbikay, Chrétien)
| | - Gaétan Mayer
- From Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), and Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Lafortune, Roy, Perreault, Mayer, Marcinkiewicz, Mbikay, Chrétien)
| | - Mieczyslaw Marcinkiewicz
- From Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), and Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Lafortune, Roy, Perreault, Mayer, Marcinkiewicz, Mbikay, Chrétien)
| | - Majambu Mbikay
- From Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), and Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Lafortune, Roy, Perreault, Mayer, Marcinkiewicz, Mbikay, Chrétien)
| | - Michel Chrétien
- From Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), and Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Lafortune, Roy, Perreault, Mayer, Marcinkiewicz, Mbikay, Chrétien)
| | - Simon Turcotte
- From Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), and Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Lafortune, Roy, Perreault, Mayer, Marcinkiewicz, Mbikay, Chrétien)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hala Muaddi
- From the University of Toronto (Muaddi, Hansen, Dawson, O'Kane, Feld, Sapisochin), and Queen's University (Flemming)
| | - Jennifer Flemming
- From the University of Toronto (Muaddi, Hansen, Dawson, O'Kane, Feld, Sapisochin), and Queen's University (Flemming)
| | - Bettina Hansen
- From the University of Toronto (Muaddi, Hansen, Dawson, O'Kane, Feld, Sapisochin), and Queen's University (Flemming)
| | - Laura Dawson
- From the University of Toronto (Muaddi, Hansen, Dawson, O'Kane, Feld, Sapisochin), and Queen's University (Flemming)
| | - Grainne O'Kane
- From the University of Toronto (Muaddi, Hansen, Dawson, O'Kane, Feld, Sapisochin), and Queen's University (Flemming)
| | - Jordan Feld
- From the University of Toronto (Muaddi, Hansen, Dawson, O'Kane, Feld, Sapisochin), and Queen's University (Flemming)
| | - Gonzalo Sapisochin
- From the University of Toronto (Muaddi, Hansen, Dawson, O'Kane, Feld, Sapisochin), and Queen's University (Flemming)
| | - Alice Zhu
- From the University of Toronto (Zhu, Jayaraman), and the Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center (Cleary)
| | - Shiva Jayaraman
- From the University of Toronto (Zhu, Jayaraman), and the Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center (Cleary)
| | - Sean Cleary
- From the University of Toronto (Zhu, Jayaraman), and the Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center (Cleary)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sarah Mansouri
- From Université de Sherbrooke (Mansouri, Amhis, Léveillé, Lawson, Achard, Collin, Tai) and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Ilkow)
| | - Nawal Amhis
- From Université de Sherbrooke (Mansouri, Amhis, Léveillé, Lawson, Achard, Collin, Tai) and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Ilkow)
| | - Maxime Léveillé
- From Université de Sherbrooke (Mansouri, Amhis, Léveillé, Lawson, Achard, Collin, Tai) and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Ilkow)
| | - Christine Lawson
- From Université de Sherbrooke (Mansouri, Amhis, Léveillé, Lawson, Achard, Collin, Tai) and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Ilkow)
| | - Carol Achard
- From Université de Sherbrooke (Mansouri, Amhis, Léveillé, Lawson, Achard, Collin, Tai) and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Ilkow)
| | - Carolina Ilkow
- From Université de Sherbrooke (Mansouri, Amhis, Léveillé, Lawson, Achard, Collin, Tai) and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Ilkow)
| | - Yves Collin
- From Université de Sherbrooke (Mansouri, Amhis, Léveillé, Lawson, Achard, Collin, Tai) and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Ilkow)
| | - Lee-Hwa Tai
- From Université de Sherbrooke (Mansouri, Amhis, Léveillé, Lawson, Achard, Collin, Tai) and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Ilkow)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sukhdeep Jatana
- From the University of Alberta (Jatana, Verhoeff, Mocanu, Jogiat, Birch, Karmali, Switzer), and Royal Alexandra Hospital (Birch, Karmali)
| | - Kevin Verhoeff
- From the University of Alberta (Jatana, Verhoeff, Mocanu, Jogiat, Birch, Karmali, Switzer), and Royal Alexandra Hospital (Birch, Karmali)
| | - Valentin Mocanu
- From the University of Alberta (Jatana, Verhoeff, Mocanu, Jogiat, Birch, Karmali, Switzer), and Royal Alexandra Hospital (Birch, Karmali)
| | - Uzair Jogiat
- From the University of Alberta (Jatana, Verhoeff, Mocanu, Jogiat, Birch, Karmali, Switzer), and Royal Alexandra Hospital (Birch, Karmali)
| | - Daniel Birch
- From the University of Alberta (Jatana, Verhoeff, Mocanu, Jogiat, Birch, Karmali, Switzer), and Royal Alexandra Hospital (Birch, Karmali)
| | - Shahzeer Karmali
- From the University of Alberta (Jatana, Verhoeff, Mocanu, Jogiat, Birch, Karmali, Switzer), and Royal Alexandra Hospital (Birch, Karmali)
| | - Noah Switzer
- From the University of Alberta (Jatana, Verhoeff, Mocanu, Jogiat, Birch, Karmali, Switzer), and Royal Alexandra Hospital (Birch, Karmali)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hillary Wilson
- From the University of Alberta (Wilson, Verhoeff, Kung, Switzer, Birch, Madsen, Karmali, Mocanu), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Kevin Verhoeff
- From the University of Alberta (Wilson, Verhoeff, Kung, Switzer, Birch, Madsen, Karmali, Mocanu), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Jerry Dang
- From the University of Alberta (Wilson, Verhoeff, Kung, Switzer, Birch, Madsen, Karmali, Mocanu), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Janice Kung
- From the University of Alberta (Wilson, Verhoeff, Kung, Switzer, Birch, Madsen, Karmali, Mocanu), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Noah Switzer
- From the University of Alberta (Wilson, Verhoeff, Kung, Switzer, Birch, Madsen, Karmali, Mocanu), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Daniel Birch
- From the University of Alberta (Wilson, Verhoeff, Kung, Switzer, Birch, Madsen, Karmali, Mocanu), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Karen Madsen
- From the University of Alberta (Wilson, Verhoeff, Kung, Switzer, Birch, Madsen, Karmali, Mocanu), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Shahzeer Karmali
- From the University of Alberta (Wilson, Verhoeff, Kung, Switzer, Birch, Madsen, Karmali, Mocanu), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Valentin Mocanu
- From the University of Alberta (Wilson, Verhoeff, Kung, Switzer, Birch, Madsen, Karmali, Mocanu), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Ted Wu
- From the University of Manitoba
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yung Lee
- From McMaster University (Lee, Doumouras, Molnar, Hong), and ICES (Nguyen)
| | | | - Amber Molnar
- From McMaster University (Lee, Doumouras, Molnar, Hong), and ICES (Nguyen)
| | - Francis Nguyen
- From McMaster University (Lee, Doumouras, Molnar, Hong), and ICES (Nguyen)
| | - Dennis Hong
- From McMaster University (Lee, Doumouras, Molnar, Hong), and ICES (Nguyen)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sarah MacVicar
- From the University of Alberta (MacVicar, Mocanu, Verhoeff, Jogiat, Karmali, Birch, Switzer), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Jerry Dang
- From the University of Alberta (MacVicar, Mocanu, Verhoeff, Jogiat, Karmali, Birch, Switzer), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Valentin Mocanu
- From the University of Alberta (MacVicar, Mocanu, Verhoeff, Jogiat, Karmali, Birch, Switzer), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Kevin Verhoeff
- From the University of Alberta (MacVicar, Mocanu, Verhoeff, Jogiat, Karmali, Birch, Switzer), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Uzair Jogiat
- From the University of Alberta (MacVicar, Mocanu, Verhoeff, Jogiat, Karmali, Birch, Switzer), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Shahzeer Karmali
- From the University of Alberta (MacVicar, Mocanu, Verhoeff, Jogiat, Karmali, Birch, Switzer), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Daniel Birch
- From the University of Alberta (MacVicar, Mocanu, Verhoeff, Jogiat, Karmali, Birch, Switzer), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Noah Switzer
- From the University of Alberta (MacVicar, Mocanu, Verhoeff, Jogiat, Karmali, Birch, Switzer), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lisa Jeffery
- From the University of British Coumbia (Jeffery, Hwang), Vernon Jubilee Hospital (Hwang, Ryley), and Interior Health Authority (Ryley)
| | - Hamish Hwang
- From the University of British Coumbia (Jeffery, Hwang), Vernon Jubilee Hospital (Hwang, Ryley), and Interior Health Authority (Ryley)
| | - Alexis Ryley
- From the University of British Coumbia (Jeffery, Hwang), Vernon Jubilee Hospital (Hwang, Ryley), and Interior Health Authority (Ryley)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joao Rezende-Neto
- From St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto and Keenan Research Centre
| | - Sunil Patel
- From Queen's University (Patel), University of Ottawa (Zhang), Dalhousie University (Mir), and Western University (Lemke, Leeper, Allen, Walser, Vogt)
| | - Lisa Zhang
- From Queen's University (Patel), University of Ottawa (Zhang), Dalhousie University (Mir), and Western University (Lemke, Leeper, Allen, Walser, Vogt)
| | - Zuhaib Mir
- From Queen's University (Patel), University of Ottawa (Zhang), Dalhousie University (Mir), and Western University (Lemke, Leeper, Allen, Walser, Vogt)
| | - Madeline Lemke
- From Queen's University (Patel), University of Ottawa (Zhang), Dalhousie University (Mir), and Western University (Lemke, Leeper, Allen, Walser, Vogt)
| | - William Leeper
- From Queen's University (Patel), University of Ottawa (Zhang), Dalhousie University (Mir), and Western University (Lemke, Leeper, Allen, Walser, Vogt)
| | - Laura Allen
- From Queen's University (Patel), University of Ottawa (Zhang), Dalhousie University (Mir), and Western University (Lemke, Leeper, Allen, Walser, Vogt)
| | - Eric Walser
- From Queen's University (Patel), University of Ottawa (Zhang), Dalhousie University (Mir), and Western University (Lemke, Leeper, Allen, Walser, Vogt)
| | - Kelly Vogt
- From Queen's University (Patel), University of Ottawa (Zhang), Dalhousie University (Mir), and Western University (Lemke, Leeper, Allen, Walser, Vogt)
| | - Tiago Ribeiro
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), University of Alabama at Birmingham (Bateni), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Barabash, Barr), and ICES (Chan)
| | - Sarah Bateni
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), University of Alabama at Birmingham (Bateni), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Barabash, Barr), and ICES (Chan)
| | - Adom Bondzi-Simpson
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), University of Alabama at Birmingham (Bateni), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Barabash, Barr), and ICES (Chan)
| | - Natalie Coburn
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), University of Alabama at Birmingham (Bateni), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Barabash, Barr), and ICES (Chan)
| | - Julie Hallet
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), University of Alabama at Birmingham (Bateni), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Barabash, Barr), and ICES (Chan)
| | - Victoria Barabash
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), University of Alabama at Birmingham (Bateni), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Barabash, Barr), and ICES (Chan)
| | - Austin Barr
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), University of Alabama at Birmingham (Bateni), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Barabash, Barr), and ICES (Chan)
| | - Wing Chan
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), University of Alabama at Birmingham (Bateni), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Barabash, Barr), and ICES (Chan)
| | - Suhail Yaqoob Hakim
- from Hamad Medical Corporation (Hakim, El-Menyar, Rizoli, Al-Thani), Qatar University (Hakim), and Weill Cornell Medical College Doha (El-Menyar)
| | - Ayman El-Menyar
- from Hamad Medical Corporation (Hakim, El-Menyar, Rizoli, Al-Thani), Qatar University (Hakim), and Weill Cornell Medical College Doha (El-Menyar)
| | - Sandro Rizoli
- from Hamad Medical Corporation (Hakim, El-Menyar, Rizoli, Al-Thani), Qatar University (Hakim), and Weill Cornell Medical College Doha (El-Menyar)
| | - Hassan Al-Thani
- from Hamad Medical Corporation (Hakim, El-Menyar, Rizoli, Al-Thani), Qatar University (Hakim), and Weill Cornell Medical College Doha (El-Menyar)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alex Lee
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee, Evans), and Vancouver Coastal Health (Kroeker)
| | - Jenna Kroeker
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee, Evans), and Vancouver Coastal Health (Kroeker)
| | - David Evans
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee, Evans), and Vancouver Coastal Health (Kroeker)
| | | | | | | | - Guire Coyle
- From McMaster University (Coyle), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coyle, Tanenbaum, Freedman, Nathens, Fowler), and University of Guelph (Seben, Smith)
| | - David Seben
- From McMaster University (Coyle), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coyle, Tanenbaum, Freedman, Nathens, Fowler), and University of Guelph (Seben, Smith)
| | - Jaiden Smith
- From McMaster University (Coyle), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coyle, Tanenbaum, Freedman, Nathens, Fowler), and University of Guelph (Seben, Smith)
| | - Brandy Tanenbaum
- From McMaster University (Coyle), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coyle, Tanenbaum, Freedman, Nathens, Fowler), and University of Guelph (Seben, Smith)
| | - Corey Freedman
- From McMaster University (Coyle), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coyle, Tanenbaum, Freedman, Nathens, Fowler), and University of Guelph (Seben, Smith)
| | - Avery Nathens
- From McMaster University (Coyle), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coyle, Tanenbaum, Freedman, Nathens, Fowler), and University of Guelph (Seben, Smith)
| | - Robert Fowler
- From McMaster University (Coyle), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coyle, Tanenbaum, Freedman, Nathens, Fowler), and University of Guelph (Seben, Smith)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lily J Park
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Serrano, Engels, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Di Sante, Vincent, Tsiplova, Devereaux), and Western University (Vogt)
| | - Flavia K Borges
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Serrano, Engels, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Di Sante, Vincent, Tsiplova, Devereaux), and Western University (Vogt)
| | - Rahima Nenshi
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Serrano, Engels, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Di Sante, Vincent, Tsiplova, Devereaux), and Western University (Vogt)
| | - Pablo E Serrano
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Serrano, Engels, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Di Sante, Vincent, Tsiplova, Devereaux), and Western University (Vogt)
| | - Paul Engels
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Serrano, Engels, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Di Sante, Vincent, Tsiplova, Devereaux), and Western University (Vogt)
| | - Kelly Vogt
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Serrano, Engels, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Di Sante, Vincent, Tsiplova, Devereaux), and Western University (Vogt)
| | - Emily Di Sante
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Serrano, Engels, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Di Sante, Vincent, Tsiplova, Devereaux), and Western University (Vogt)
| | - Jessica Vincent
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Serrano, Engels, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Di Sante, Vincent, Tsiplova, Devereaux), and Western University (Vogt)
| | - Kate Tsiplova
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Serrano, Engels, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Di Sante, Vincent, Tsiplova, Devereaux), and Western University (Vogt)
| | - P J Devereaux
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Serrano, Engels, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Di Sante, Vincent, Tsiplova, Devereaux), and Western University (Vogt)
| | - Gaurav Talwar
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Dionne, McKechnie, Lee, Kazi, El-Sayes, Bogach, Hong, Eskicioglu), Juravinski Hospital (Dionne, Bogach), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Joanna Dionne
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Dionne, McKechnie, Lee, Kazi, El-Sayes, Bogach, Hong, Eskicioglu), Juravinski Hospital (Dionne, Bogach), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Tyler McKechnie
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Dionne, McKechnie, Lee, Kazi, El-Sayes, Bogach, Hong, Eskicioglu), Juravinski Hospital (Dionne, Bogach), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Yung Lee
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Dionne, McKechnie, Lee, Kazi, El-Sayes, Bogach, Hong, Eskicioglu), Juravinski Hospital (Dionne, Bogach), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Tania Kazi
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Dionne, McKechnie, Lee, Kazi, El-Sayes, Bogach, Hong, Eskicioglu), Juravinski Hospital (Dionne, Bogach), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Abdullah El-Sayes
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Dionne, McKechnie, Lee, Kazi, El-Sayes, Bogach, Hong, Eskicioglu), Juravinski Hospital (Dionne, Bogach), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Jessica Bogach
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Dionne, McKechnie, Lee, Kazi, El-Sayes, Bogach, Hong, Eskicioglu), Juravinski Hospital (Dionne, Bogach), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Dennis Hong
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Dionne, McKechnie, Lee, Kazi, El-Sayes, Bogach, Hong, Eskicioglu), Juravinski Hospital (Dionne, Bogach), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Dionne, McKechnie, Lee, Kazi, El-Sayes, Bogach, Hong, Eskicioglu), Juravinski Hospital (Dionne, Bogach), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lilly Groszman
- From the McGill University Heatlh Centre (Groszman, Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Di Marco, Wong), McGill University (Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Wong), Ungava Tulattavik Health Centre (Watt, Boulanger), and Inuulitsivik Health Centre (Boulanger)
| | - Natasha G Caminsky
- From the McGill University Heatlh Centre (Groszman, Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Di Marco, Wong), McGill University (Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Wong), Ungava Tulattavik Health Centre (Watt, Boulanger), and Inuulitsivik Health Centre (Boulanger)
| | - Larry Watt
- From the McGill University Heatlh Centre (Groszman, Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Di Marco, Wong), McGill University (Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Wong), Ungava Tulattavik Health Centre (Watt, Boulanger), and Inuulitsivik Health Centre (Boulanger)
| | - Nathalie Boulanger
- From the McGill University Heatlh Centre (Groszman, Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Di Marco, Wong), McGill University (Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Wong), Ungava Tulattavik Health Centre (Watt, Boulanger), and Inuulitsivik Health Centre (Boulanger)
| | - Tarek Razek
- From the McGill University Heatlh Centre (Groszman, Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Di Marco, Wong), McGill University (Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Wong), Ungava Tulattavik Health Centre (Watt, Boulanger), and Inuulitsivik Health Centre (Boulanger)
| | - Jeremy Grushka
- From the McGill University Heatlh Centre (Groszman, Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Di Marco, Wong), McGill University (Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Wong), Ungava Tulattavik Health Centre (Watt, Boulanger), and Inuulitsivik Health Centre (Boulanger)
| | - Steven Di Marco
- From the McGill University Heatlh Centre (Groszman, Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Di Marco, Wong), McGill University (Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Wong), Ungava Tulattavik Health Centre (Watt, Boulanger), and Inuulitsivik Health Centre (Boulanger)
| | - Evan G Wong
- From the McGill University Heatlh Centre (Groszman, Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Di Marco, Wong), McGill University (Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Wong), Ungava Tulattavik Health Centre (Watt, Boulanger), and Inuulitsivik Health Centre (Boulanger)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ryan Falk
- From the University of British Columbia
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cafaro T, Allwood M, McIntyre WF, Park LJ, Daza J, Ofori SN, Ke Wang M, Borges FK, Conen D, Marcucci M, Healey JS, Whitlock RP, Lamy A, Belley-Côté EP, Spence JD, McGillion M, Devereaux PJ. Landiolol for the prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Anaesth 2023; 70:1828-1838. [PMID: 37917331 PMCID: PMC10656308 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-023-02586-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication following cardiac surgery. Although the evidence suggests that beta blockers prevent POAF, they often cause hypotension. Landiolol, an ultra-short-acting β1 blocker, may prevent POAF, without adverse hemodynamic consequences. SOURCE We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, and trial registries between January 1970 and March 2022. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effect of landiolol for the prevention of POAF after cardiac surgery. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. We pooled data using random-effects models. We used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework to assess certainty of evidence. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Nine RCTs including 868 participants met the eligibility criteria. Patients randomized to landiolol (56/460) had less POAF compared with controls (133/408) with a relative risk (RR) of 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30 to 0.54; I2 = 0%;) and an absolute risk of 12.2% vs 32.6% (absolute risk difference, 20.4%; 95% CI, 15.0 to 25.0). Landiolol resulted in a shorter hospital length-of-stay (LOS) (268 patients; mean difference, -2.32 days; 95% CI, -4.02 to -0.57; I2 = 0%). We found no significant difference in bradycardia (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.48 to 2.56; I2 = 0%). No hypotension was reported with landiolol. We judged the certainty of evidence as moderate for POAF (because of indirectness as outcomes were not clearly defined) and low for LOS (because of imprecision and concern of reporting bias). CONCLUSION In patients undergoing cardiac surgery, landiolol likely reduces POAF and may reduce LOS. A definitive large RCT is needed to confirm these findings. STUDY REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42021262703); registered 25 July 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Cafaro
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Division of Internal Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- David Braley Research Institute, C1-109, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada.
| | - Melissa Allwood
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - William F McIntyre
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lily J Park
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Julian Daza
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra N Ofori
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Ke Wang
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Flavia K Borges
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David Conen
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Maura Marcucci
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jeff S Healey
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Richard P Whitlock
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andre Lamy
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Emilie P Belley-Côté
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica D Spence
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael McGillion
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
McIntyre WF, Vadakken ME, Connolly SJ, Mendoza PA, Lengyel AP, Rai AS, Latendresse NR, Grinvalds AJ, Ramasundarahettige C, Acosta JG, Um KJ, Roberts JD, Conen D, Wong JA, Devereaux PJ, Belley-Côté EP, Whitlock RP, Healey JS. Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence in Patients With Transient New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation Detected During Hospitalization for Noncardiac Surgery or Medical Illness : A Matched Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med 2023; 176:1299-1307. [PMID: 37782930 DOI: 10.7326/m23-1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is often detected for the first time in patients who are hospitalized for another reason. Long-term risks for AF recurrence in these patients are unclear. OBJECTIVE To estimate risk for AF recurrence in patients with new-onset AF during a hospitalization for noncardiac surgery or medical illness compared with a matched population without AF. DESIGN Matched cohort study. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03221777). SETTING Three academic hospitals in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS The study enrolled patients hospitalized for noncardiac surgery or medical illness who had transient new-onset AF. For each participant, an age- and sex-matched control participant with no history of AF from the same hospital ward was recruited. All participants left the hospital in sinus rhythm. MEASUREMENTS 14-day electrocardiographic (ECG) monitor at 1 and 6 months and telephone assessment at 1, 6, and 12 months. The primary outcome was AF lasting at least 30 seconds on the monitor or captured by ECG 12-lead during routine care at 12 months. RESULTS Among 139 participants with transient new-onset AF (70 patients with medical illness and 69 surgical patients) and 139 matched control participants, the mean age was 71 years (SD, 10), the mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.0 (SD, 1.5), and 59% were male. The median duration of AF during the index hospitalization was 15.8 hours (IQR, 6.4 to 49.6 hours). After 1 year, recurrent AF was detected in 33.1% (95% CI, 25.3% to 40.9%) of participants in the transient new-onset AF group and 5.0% (CI, 1.4% to 8.7%) of matched control participants; after adjustment for the number of ECG monitors worn and for baseline clinical differences, the adjusted relative risk was 6.6 (CI, 3.2 to 13.7). After exclusion of participants who had electrical or pharmacologic cardioversion during the index hospitalization (n = 40) and their matched control participants and limiting to AF events detected by the patch ECG monitor, recurrent AF was detected in 32.3% (CI, 23.1% to 41.5%) of participants with transient new-onset AF and 3.0% (CI, 0% to 6.4%) of matched control participants. LIMITATIONS Generalizability is limited, and the study was underpowered to evaluate subgroups and clinical predictors. CONCLUSION Among patients who have transient new-onset AF during a hospitalization for noncardiac surgery or medical illness, approximately 1 in 3 will have recurrent AF within 1 year. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Peer-reviewed grants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William F McIntyre
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University; and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.F.M., S.J.C., D.C., J.A.W., P.J.D., J.S.H.)
| | - Maria E Vadakken
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.E.V., A.S.R., N.R.L., A.J.G., C.R.)
| | - Stuart J Connolly
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University; and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.F.M., S.J.C., D.C., J.A.W., P.J.D., J.S.H.)
| | - Pablo A Mendoza
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (P.A.M.)
| | - Alexandra P Lengyel
- Population Health Research Institute, and Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.P.L.)
| | - Anand S Rai
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.E.V., A.S.R., N.R.L., A.J.G., C.R.)
| | - Nicole R Latendresse
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.E.V., A.S.R., N.R.L., A.J.G., C.R.)
| | - Alex J Grinvalds
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.E.V., A.S.R., N.R.L., A.J.G., C.R.)
| | | | - J Gabriel Acosta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.G.A.)
| | - Kevin J Um
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (K.J.U., J.D.R.)
| | - Jason D Roberts
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (K.J.U., J.D.R.)
| | - David Conen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University; and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.F.M., S.J.C., D.C., J.A.W., P.J.D., J.S.H.)
| | - Jorge A Wong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University; and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.F.M., S.J.C., D.C., J.A.W., P.J.D., J.S.H.)
| | - P J Devereaux
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University; and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.F.M., S.J.C., D.C., J.A.W., P.J.D., J.S.H.)
| | - Emilie P Belley-Côté
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute; and Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.P.B.)
| | - Richard P Whitlock
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute; Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University; Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, McMaster University; and Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (R.P.W.)
| | - Jeff S Healey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University; and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.F.M., S.J.C., D.C., J.A.W., P.J.D., J.S.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ofori S, Lu C, Olasupo OO, Dennis BB, Fairbairn N, Devereaux PJ, Mbuagbaw L. Cytisine for smoking cessation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 251:110936. [PMID: 37678096 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytisine is a smoking cessation medication. This systematic review incorporates recently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to provide an updated evidence-based assessment of cytisine's efficacy and safety. METHODS We searched Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, for RCTs comparing cytisine to other smoking cessation treatments in adults who smoke. PRIMARY OUTCOME 6-month biochemically verified continuous abstinence. Other outcomes: abstinence at longest follow-up, adverse events, mortality, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We used Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) to assess evidence certainty. RESULTS We included 14 RCTs involving 9953 adults. Cytisine was superior to placebo (risk ratio [RR] 2.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-4.47; 5 RCTs, 4325 participants), but not varenicline (RR 1.13, 95% CI 0.65-1.95; 2 RCTs, 2131 participants) for the primary outcome. Cytisine was superior to placebo (RR 2.78, 95% CI 1.64-4.70; 8 RCTs, 5762 participants) and nicotine replacement therapy [NRT] (RR 1.39, 95% CI 1.12-1.73; 2 RCTs, 1511 participants), but not varenicline (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.72-1.44; 4 RCTs, 2708 participants) for abstinence at longest follow-up. Cytisine increased mostly gastrointestinal adverse events compared to placebo (RR 1.15; 95% CI 1.06-1.25; 8 RCTs, 5520 participants) and NRT (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.26-1.84; 1 RCT, 1310 participants) but less adverse events compared to varenicline (RR 0.67; 95% CI 0.48-0.95; 3 RCTs, 2484 participants). CONCLUSION Cytisine shows greater efficacy than placebo and NRT, but more adverse events. It is comparable to varenicline, with fewer adverse events. This can inform clinicians and guidelines on cytisine for smoking cessation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ofori
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada.
| | - Clara Lu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Omotola O Olasupo
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Brittany B Dennis
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nadia Fairbairn
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Canada
| | - P J Devereaux
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Lawrence Mbuagbaw
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Marcucci M, Chan MTV, Smith EE, Absalom AR, Devereaux PJ. Prevention of perioperative stroke in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22:946-958. [PMID: 37739575 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
About 300 million adults undergo non-cardiac surgery annually. Although, in this setting, the incidence of perioperative stroke is low, the absolute number of patients experiencing a stroke is substantial. Furthermore, most patients with this complication will die or end up with severe disability. Covert brain infarctions are more frequent than overt strokes and are associated with postoperative delirium, cognitive decline, and cerebrovascular events at 1 year after surgery. Evidence shows that traditional stroke risk factors including older age, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation are also associated with perioperative stroke; previous stroke is the strongest risk factor for perioperative stroke. Increasing evidence also suggests the pathogenic role of perioperative events, such as hypotension, new atrial fibrillation, paradoxical embolism, and bleeding. Clinicians involved in perioperative care should be aware of this evidence on prevention strategies to improve patient outcomes after non-cardiac surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maura Marcucci
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Eric E Smith
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anthony R Absalom
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - P J Devereaux
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Devereaux PJ, Whitlock R, Lamy A. Perioperative Myocardial Injury/Infarction After Cardiac Surgery: The Diagnostic Criteria Need to Change. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 82:1313-1315. [PMID: 37730287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Richard Whitlock
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andre Lamy
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ofori S, Cafaro T, Devereaux PJ, Marcucci M, Mbuagbaw L, Thabane L, Guyatt G. Noninferiority margins exceed superiority effect estimates for mortality in cardiovascular trials in high-impact journals. J Clin Epidemiol 2023; 161:20-27. [PMID: 37421996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine, in a sample of noninferiority trials, the noninferiority margins (NIMs) and their relation to effect estimates in superiority trials, the rationale being that in general NIMs should be no larger than effects declared important in superiority trials. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING To identify cardiovascular trials published in high-impact journals with a statistically significant primary outcome involving mortality, we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE databases (January 2015-July 2020). We documented the NIMs and determined the proportion of trials with NIMs larger than the median effect estimates across superiority trials. RESULTS From 1,477 screened titles, 65 (39 noninferiority, 26 superiority) trials proved eligible. The NIMs ranged from risk difference of 0.54-10%. The effect estimate across superiority trials was a median risk difference of 2.1% (interquartile range 1.5-4.9); the NIM was larger than 2.1% in 28 (71.8%) noninferiority trials and larger than 1.5%, which was the lower bound of the interquartile range in 32 (82.1%) noninferiority trials. CONCLUSION The very wide range of noninferiority margins and the proportion above a threshold that most would consider an important mortality reduction suggest that clinicians and guideline panels should focus on study results, paying little attention to authors' noninferiority margins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ofori
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Teresa Cafaro
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - P J Devereaux
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maura Marcucci
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawrence Mbuagbaw
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Garg AX, Cuerden M, Cata J, Chan MTV, Devereaux PJ, Fleischmann E, Grande AM, Kabon B, Landoni G, Maziak DE, McLean S, Parikh C, Popova E, Reimer C, Trujillo Reyes JC, Roshanov P, Sessler DI, Srinathan S, Sontrop JM, Gonzalez Tallada A, Wang MK, Wells JR, Conen D. Effect of Colchicine on the Risk of Perioperative Acute Kidney Injury: Clinical Protocol of a Substudy of the Colchicine for the Prevention of Perioperative Atrial Fibrillation Randomized Clinical Trial. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2023; 10:20543581231185427. [PMID: 37457622 PMCID: PMC10338661 DOI: 10.1177/20543581231185427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation during and after surgery can lead to organ damage including acute kidney injury. Colchicine, an established inexpensive anti-inflammatory medication, may help to protect the organs from pro-inflammatory damage. This protocol describes a kidney substudy of the colchicine for the prevention of perioperative atrial fibrillation (COP-AF) study, which is testing the effect of colchicine versus placebo on the risk of atrial fibrillation and myocardial injury among patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Objective Our kidney substudy of COP-AF will determine whether colchicine reduces the risk of perioperative acute kidney injury compared with a placebo. We will also examine whether colchicine has a larger absolute benefit in patients with pre-existing chronic kidney disease, the most prominent risk factor for acute kidney injury. Design and Setting Randomized, superiority clinical trial conducted in 40 centers in 11 countries from 2018 to 2023. Patients Patients (~3200) aged 55 years and older having major thoracic surgery. Intervention Patients are randomized 1:1 to receive oral colchicine (0.5 mg tablet) or a matching placebo, given twice daily starting 2 to 4 hours before surgery for a total of 10 days. Patients, health care providers, data collectors, and outcome adjudicators will be blinded to the randomized treatment allocation. Methods Serum creatinine concentrations will be measured before surgery and on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3 (or until hospital discharge). The primary outcome of the substudy is perioperative acute kidney injury, defined as an increase (from the prerandomization value) in serum creatinine concentration of either ≥26.5 μmol/L (≥0.3 mg/dL) within 48 hours of surgery or ≥50% within 7 days of surgery. The primary analysis (intention-to-treat) will examine the relative risk of acute kidney injury in patients allocated to receive colchicine versus placebo. We will repeat the primary analysis using alternative definitions of acute kidney injury and examine effect modification by pre-existing chronic kidney disease, defined as a prerandomization estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Limitations The substudy will be underpowered to detect small effects on more severe forms of acute kidney injury treated with dialysis. Results Substudy results will be reported in 2024. Conclusions This substudy will estimate the effect of colchicine on the risk of perioperative acute kidney injury in older adults undergoing major thoracic surgery. Clinical trial registration number NCT03310125.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Cata
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sean McLean
- Vancouver Acute Department of Anesthesiology, Vancouver General Hospital, BC, Canada
| | - Chirag Parikh
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pavel Roshanov
- London Health Sciences Centre, ON, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Conen
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nolde JM, Schlaich MP, Sessler DI, Mian A, Corcoran TB, Chow CK, Chan MTV, Borges FK, McGillion MH, Myles PS, Mills NL, Devereaux PJ, Hillis GS. Machine learning to predict myocardial injury and death after non-cardiac surgery. Anaesthesia 2023; 78:853-860. [PMID: 37070957 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial injury due to ischaemia within 30 days of non-cardiac surgery is prognostically relevant. We aimed to determine the discrimination, calibration, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of single-layer and multiple-layer neural networks for myocardial injury and death within 30 postoperative days. We analysed data from 24,589 participants in the Vascular Events in Non-cardiac Surgery Patients Cohort Evaluation study. Validation was performed on a randomly selected subset of the study population. Discrimination for myocardial injury by single-layer vs. multiple-layer models generated areas (95%CI) under the receiver operating characteristic curve of: 0.70 (0.69-0.72) vs. 0.71 (0.70-0.73) with variables available before surgical referral, p < 0.001; 0.73 (0.72-0.75) vs. 0.75 (0.74-0.76) with additional variables available on admission, but before surgery, p < 0.001; and 0.76 (0.75-0.77) vs. 0.77 (0.76-0.78) with the addition of subsequent variables, p < 0.001. Discrimination for death by single-layer vs. multiple-layer models generated areas (95%CI) under the receiver operating characteristic curve of: 0.71 (0.66-0.76) vs. 0.74 (0.71-0.77) with variables available before surgical referral, p = 0.04; 0.78 (0.73-0.82) vs. 0.83 (0.79-0.86) with additional variables available on admission but before surgery, p = 0.01; and 0.87 (0.83-0.89) vs. 0.87 (0.85-0.90) with the addition of subsequent variables, p = 0.52. The accuracy of the multiple-layer model for myocardial injury and death with all variables was 70% and 89%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, Australia
| | - M P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, Australia
| | - D I Sessler
- Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A Mian
- School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - T B Corcoran
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital and Medical School, University of Western Australia and Department of Anaesthesiology and Peri-operative Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C K Chow
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, and Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - M T V Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - F K Borges
- McMaster University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M H McGillion
- McMaster University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P S Myles
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Peri-operative Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - N L Mills
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh and Usher Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P J Devereaux
- McMaster University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G S Hillis
- Medical School, University of Western Australia and Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kavsak PA, Clark L, Arnoldo S, Lou A, Shea JL, Eintracht S, Lyon AW, Bhayana V, Thorlacius L, Raizman JE, Tsui AKY, Djiana R, Chen M, Huang Y, Booth RA, McCudden C, Lavoie J, Beriault DR, Blank DW, Fung AWS, Hoffman B, Taher J, St-Cyr J, Yip PM, Belley-Cote EP, Abramson BL, Borgundvaag B, Friedman SM, Mak S, McLaren J, Steinhart B, Udell JA, Wijeysundera HC, Atkinson P, Campbell SG, Chandra K, Cox JL, Mulvagh S, Quraishi AUR, Chen-Tournoux A, Clark G, Segal E, Suskin N, Johri AM, Sivilotti MLA, Garuba H, Thiruganasambandamoorthy V, Robinson S, Scheuermeyer F, Humphries KH, Than M, Pickering JW, Worster A, Mills NL, Devereaux PJ, Jaffe AS. Analytic Result Variation for High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin: Interpretation and Consequences. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:947-951. [PMID: 37094710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorna Clark
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Amy Lou
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Shea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | | | - Andrew W Lyon
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | | | - Joshua E Raizman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Albert K Y Tsui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Michael Chen
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yun Huang
- Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Joël Lavoie
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Angela W S Fung
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Paul M Yip
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emilie P Belley-Cote
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Susanna Mak
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jafna L Cox
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Eli Segal
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Simon Robinson
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Martin Than
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John W Pickering
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand; Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Nicholas L Mills
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - P J Devereaux
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allan S Jaffe
- Mayo Clinic and Medical Center, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Davidson T, Parlow J, King B, DuMerton D, Roshanov PS, Devereaux PJ, Leitch J. Conversion between B-type natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide in perioperative risk assessment: protocol for a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068147. [PMID: 37208131 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-pro-BNP) are used to identify patients at risk of perioperative vascular events, but prognostic thresholds have been established in a large prospective cohort for NT-pro-BNP only. We designed this study to inform perioperative risk interpretation of BNP values. Our primary objective is to validate a formula to convert BNP to NT-pro-BNP concentrations before non-cardiac surgery. The secondary objective is to determine the association between BNP categories (established based on conversion from NT-pro-BNP categories) and a composite outcome of myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) and vascular death. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a single-centre, prospective cohort study in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery who are >65 years old, Revised Cardiac Risk Index ≥1 or >45 years old with significant cardiovascular disease. BNP and NT-pro-BNP will be measured preoperatively, and troponin measurements will be analysed on postoperative days 1, 2 and 3. MINS and vascular death will be ascertained up to 30 days after surgery. The primary analyses will compare measured NT-pro-BNP values to those predicted by an existing formula (from a non-surgical population) based on BNP concentrations and patient characteristics, and recalibrate and update the formula with additional variables. Secondary analyses will estimate the relationship between categories of measured BNP (corresponding to established NT-pro-BNP thresholds) and the composite of MINS and vascular death. The target sample size of 431 patients is based on our primary analysis (assessing the conversion formula). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval has been obtained by the Queen's University Health Sciences Research Ethics Board, and all participants will provide informed consent for participation in the study. The results will be submitted for publication in conferences and in a peer-reviewed journal, and will inform perioperative vascular risk interpretation of preoperative BNP. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05352698.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taryn Davidson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joel Parlow
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ben King
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah DuMerton
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pavel S Roshanov
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordan Leitch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Duceppe E, Borges FK, Conen D, Tiboni M, Chan MTV, Patel A, Sessler DI, Kavsak PA, Ofori S, Srinathan S, Pearse R, Jaffe AS, Heels-Ansdell D, Garg AX, Pettit S, Sapsford R, Devereaux PJ. Association of Preoperative Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Concentrations and Postoperative Cardiovascular Events after Major Noncardiac Surgery. Anesthesiology 2023; 138:508-522. [PMID: 37039711 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between growth differentiation factor-15 concentrations and cardiovascular disease has been well described. The study hypothesis was that growth differentiation factor-15 may help cardiac risk stratification in noncardiac surgical patients, in addition to clinical evaluation. METHODS The objective of the study was to determine whether preoperative serum growth differentiation factor-15 is associated with the composite primary outcome of myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery and vascular death at 30 days and can improve cardiac risk prediction in noncardiac surgery. This is a prospective cohort study of patients 45 yr or older having major noncardiac surgery. The association between preoperative growth differentiation factor-15 and the primary outcome was determined after adjusting for the Revised Cardiac Risk Index. Preoperative N-terminal-pro hormone brain natriuretic peptide was also added to compare predictive performance with growth differentiation factor-15. RESULTS Between October 27, 2008, and October 30, 2013, a total of 5,238 patients were included who had preoperative growth differentiation factor-15 measured (median, 1,325; interquartile range, 880 to 2,132 pg/ml). The risk of myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery and vascular death was 99 of 1,705 (5.8%) for growth differentiation factor-15 less than 1,000 pg/ml, 161 of 1,332 (12.1%) for growth differentiation factor-15 1,000 to less than 1,500 pg/ml, 302 of 1476 (20.5%) for growth differentiation factor-15 1,500 to less than 3,000 pg/ml, and 247 of 725 (34.1%) for growth differentiation factor-15 concentrations 3,000 pg/ml or greater. Compared to patients who had growth differentiation factor-15 concentrations less than 1,000 pg/ml, the corresponding adjusted hazard ratio for each growth differentiation factor-15 category was 1.93 (95% CI, 1.50 to 2.48), 3.04 (95% CI, 2.41 to 3.84), and 4.8 (95% CI, 3.76 to 6.14), respectively. The addition of growth differentiation factor-15 improved cardiac risk classification by 30.1% (301 per 1,000 patients) compared to Revised Cardiac Risk Index alone. It also provided additional risk classification beyond the combination of preoperative N-terminal-pro hormone brain natriuretic peptide and Revised Cardiac Risk Index (16.1%; 161 per 1,000 patients). CONCLUSIONS Growth differentiation factor-15 is strongly associated with 30-day risk of major cardiovascular events and significantly improved cardiac risk prediction in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Duceppe
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Flavia K Borges
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - David Conen
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Maria Tiboni
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ameen Patel
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Daniel I Sessler
- Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Peter A Kavsak
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sandra Ofori
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Rupert Pearse
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Allan S Jaffe
- Departments of Cardiology and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Diane Heels-Ansdell
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Amit X Garg
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Canada
| | | | - Robert Sapsford
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Turan A, Rivas E, Devereaux PJ, Pu X, Rodriguez-Patarroyo FA, Yalcin EK, Nault R, Maheshwari K, Ruetzler K, Sessler DI. Relative contributions of anaemia and hypotension to myocardial infarction and renal injury: Post hoc analysis of the POISE-2 trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2023; 40:365-371. [PMID: 36891761 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypotension and postoperative anaemia are associated with myocardial and renal injury after noncardiac surgery, but the interaction between them remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that a double-hit of postoperative anaemia and hypotension synergistically worsens a 30-day composite of myocardial infarction (MI) and mortality and acute kidney injury (AKI). Characterising the interaction when hypotension and anaemia occur at same time on myocardial infarction and acute kidney injury. DESIGN Post hoc analysis of the POISE-2 trial. SETTING Patients were enrolled between July 2010 and December 2013 at 135 hospitals in 23 countries. PATIENTS Adults at least 45 years old with known or suspected cardiovascular disease. We excluded patients without available postoperative haemoglobin measurements or hypotension duration records. Exposures were the lowest haemoglobin concentration and the average daily duration of SBP less than 90 mmHg within the first four postoperative days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was a collapsed composite of nonfatal MI and all-cause mortality during the initial 30 postoperative days; our secondary outcome was AKI. RESULTS We included 7940 patients. The mean ± SD lowest postoperative haemoglobin was 10 ± 2 g dl -1 , and 24% of the patients had SBP less than 90 mmHg with daily duration ranging from 0 to 15 h. Four hundred and nine (5.2%) patients had an infarction or died within 30 postoperative days, and 417 (6.4%) patients developed AKI. Lowest haemoglobin concentrations less than 11 g dl -1 , and duration of SBP less than 90 mmHg was associated with greater hazard of composite outcome of nonfatal MI and all-cause mortality, as well as with AKI. However, we did not find significant multiplicative interactions between haemoglobin splines and hypotension duration on the primary composite or on AKI. CONCLUSION Postoperative anaemia and hypotension were meaningfully associated with both our primary composite and AKI. However, lack of significant interaction suggests that the effects of hypotension and anaemia are additive rather than multiplicative. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01082874.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alparslan Turan
- From the Department of Outcomes Research (AT, ER, XP, FAR-P, EKY, KM, KR, DIS), Department of General Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA (AT, KM, KR), Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain (ER), Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, and the Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (PJD), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (XP) and Learner Medical School, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA (RN)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Conen D, Popova E, Wang MK, Chan MTV, Landoni G, Reimer C, Srinathan SK, Cata JP, McLean SR, Trujillo Reyes JC, Grande AM, Gonzalez Tallada A, Sessler DI, Fleischmann E, Maziak DE, Kabon B, Voltolini L, Gutiérrez-Soriano L, Tandon V, DuMerton D, Kidane B, Rajaram R, Shargall Y, Neary JD, Wells JR, McIntyre WF, Blum S, Ofori SN, Vincent J, Xu L, Li Z, Healey JS, Garg AX, Devereaux PJ. Rationale and design of the colchicine for the prevention of perioperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing major noncardiac thoracic surgery (COP-AF) trial. Am Heart J 2023; 259:87-96. [PMID: 36754105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative atrial fibrillation (AF) and myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) are common complications after noncardiac surgery. Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of both disorders. The COP-AF trial tests the hypothesis that colchicine reduces the incidence of perioperative AF and MINS in patients undergoing major noncardiac thoracic surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS The 'COlchicine for the Prevention of Perioperative Atrial Fibrillation' (COP-AF) trial is an international, blinded, randomized trial that compares colchicine to placebo in patients aged at least 55 years and undergoing major noncardiac thoracic surgery with general anesthesia. Exclusion criteria include a history of AF and a contraindication to colchicine (eg, severe renal dysfunction). Oral colchicine at a dose of 0.5 mg or matching placebo is given within 4 hours before surgery. Thereafter, patients receive colchicine 0.5 mg or placebo twice daily for a total of 10 days. The 2 independent co-primary outcomes are clinically important perioperative AF (including atrial flutter) and MINS during 14 days of follow-up. The main safety outcomes are sepsis or infection and non-infectious diarrhea. We aim to enroll 3,200 patients from approximately 40 sites across 11 countries to have at least 80% power for the independent evaluation of the 2 co-primary outcomes. The COP-AF main results are expected in 2023. CONCLUSIONS COP-AF is a large randomized and blinded trial designed to determine whether colchicine reduces the risk of perioperative AF or MINS in patients who have major noncardiac thoracic surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Conen
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ekaterine Popova
- Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Ke Wang
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Giovanni Landoni
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Cara Reimer
- Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Juan P Cata
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas - MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sean R McLean
- Department of Anesthesia, Vancouver Acute (Vancouver General Hospital and UBC Hospital), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Daniel I Sessler
- Department of Outcomes Research, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Edith Fleischmann
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Barbara Kabon
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Voltolini
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Gutiérrez-Soriano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fundación CardioInfantil - Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Vikas Tandon
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Biniam Kidane
- Departments of Surgery, Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ravi Rajaram
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The University of Texas - MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yaron Shargall
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John D Neary
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - William F McIntyre
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steffen Blum
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra N Ofori
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Jessica Vincent
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lizhen Xu
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhuoru Li
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff S Healey
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amit X Garg
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Marcucci M, Painter TW, Conen D, Lomivorotov V, Sessler DI, Chan MTV, Borges FK, Leslie K, Duceppe E, Martínez-Zapata MJ, Wang CY, Xavier D, Ofori SN, Wang MK, Efremov S, Landoni G, Kleinlugtenbelt YV, Szczeklik W, Schmartz D, Garg AX, Short TG, Wittmann M, Meyhoff CS, Amir M, Torres D, Patel A, Ruetzler K, Parlow JL, Tandon V, Fleischmann E, Polanczyk CA, Lamy A, Jayaram R, Astrakov SV, Wu WKK, Cheong CC, Ayad S, Kirov M, de Nadal M, Likhvantsev VV, Paniagua P, Aguado HJ, Maheshwari K, Whitlock RP, McGillion MH, Vincent J, Copland I, Balasubramanian K, Biccard BM, Srinathan S, Ismoilov S, Pettit S, Stillo D, Kurz A, Belley-Côté EP, Spence J, McIntyre WF, Bangdiwala SI, Guyatt G, Yusuf S, Devereaux PJ. Hypotension-Avoidance Versus Hypertension-Avoidance Strategies in Noncardiac Surgery : An International Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Intern Med 2023; 176:605-614. [PMID: 37094336 DOI: 10.7326/m22-3157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among patients having noncardiac surgery, perioperative hemodynamic abnormalities are associated with vascular complications. Uncertainty remains about what intraoperative blood pressure to target and how to manage long-term antihypertensive medications perioperatively. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of a hypotension-avoidance and a hypertension-avoidance strategy on major vascular complications after noncardiac surgery. DESIGN Partial factorial randomized trial of 2 perioperative blood pressure management strategies (reported here) and tranexamic acid versus placebo. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03505723). SETTING 110 hospitals in 22 countries. PATIENTS 7490 patients having noncardiac surgery who were at risk for vascular complications and were receiving 1 or more long-term antihypertensive medications. INTERVENTION In the hypotension-avoidance strategy group, the intraoperative mean arterial pressure target was 80 mm Hg or greater; before and for 2 days after surgery, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors were withheld and the other long-term antihypertensive medications were administered only for systolic blood pressures 130 mm Hg or greater, following an algorithm. In the hypertension-avoidance strategy group, the intraoperative mean arterial pressure target was 60 mm Hg or greater; all antihypertensive medications were continued before and after surgery. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was a composite of vascular death and nonfatal myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery, stroke, and cardiac arrest at 30 days. Outcome adjudicators were masked to treatment assignment. RESULTS The primary outcome occurred in 520 of 3742 patients (13.9%) in the hypotension-avoidance group and in 524 of 3748 patients (14.0%) in the hypertension-avoidance group (hazard ratio, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.88 to 1.12]; P = 0.92). Results were consistent for patients who used 1 or more than 1 antihypertensive medication in the long term. LIMITATION Adherence to the assigned strategies was suboptimal; however, results were consistent across different adherence levels. CONCLUSION In patients having noncardiac surgery, our hypotension-avoidance and hypertension-avoidance strategies resulted in a similar incidence of major vascular complications. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Canadian Institutes of Health Research, National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), and Research Grant Council of Hong Kong.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maura Marcucci
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.)
| | - Thomas W Painter
- Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (T.W.P.)
| | - David Conen
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.)
| | - Vladimir Lomivorotov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Centre, Novosibirsk, Russia (V.L., S.I.)
| | - Daniel I Sessler
- Anesthesiology Institute, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (D.I.S., K.R., S.A., K.M., A.K.)
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.)
| | - Flavia K Borges
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.)
| | - Kate Leslie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (K.L.)
| | - Emmanuelle Duceppe
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (E.D.)
| | - María José Martínez-Zapata
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, IIB Sant Pau, CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain (M.J.M.)
| | - Chew Yin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W., C.C.C.)
| | - Denis Xavier
- St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (D.X.)
| | - Sandra N Ofori
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.)
| | - Michael Ke Wang
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.)
| | - Sergey Efremov
- Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Russia (S.E.)
| | - Giovanni Landoni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Ydo V Kleinlugtenbelt
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.)
| | - Wojciech Szczeklik
- Centre for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (W.S.)
| | - Denis Schmartz
- CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (D.S.)
| | - Amit X Garg
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (A.X.G.)
| | - Timothy G Short
- Department of Anaesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.)
| | - Maria Wittmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.)
| | - Christian S Meyhoff
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark (C.S.M.)
| | - Mohammed Amir
- Department of Surgery, Shifa International Hospital and Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.)
| | - David Torres
- Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile (D.T.)
| | - Ameen Patel
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.P., V.T.)
| | - Kurt Ruetzler
- Anesthesiology Institute, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (D.I.S., K.R., S.A., K.M., A.K.)
| | - Joel L Parlow
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.L.P.)
| | - Vikas Tandon
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.P., V.T.)
| | - Edith Fleischmann
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.F.)
| | - Carisi A Polanczyk
- UFRGS, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, IATS; Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.)
| | - Andre Lamy
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.)
| | - Raja Jayaram
- Department of Anaesthetics, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.J.)
| | - Sergey V Astrakov
- Department of Anesthesiology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia (S.V.A.)
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.)
| | - Chao Chia Cheong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W., C.C.C.)
| | - Sabry Ayad
- Anesthesiology Institute, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (D.I.S., K.R., S.A., K.M., A.K.)
| | - Mikhail Kirov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia (M.K.)
| | - Miriam de Nadal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M. de N.)
| | | | - Pilar Paniagua
- Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (P.P.)
| | - Hector J Aguado
- Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (H.J.A.)
| | - Kamal Maheshwari
- Anesthesiology Institute, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (D.I.S., K.R., S.A., K.M., A.K.)
| | - Richard P Whitlock
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.)
| | - Michael H McGillion
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.)
| | - Jessica Vincent
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.)
| | - Ingrid Copland
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.)
| | - Kumar Balasubramanian
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.)
| | - Bruce M Biccard
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (B.M.B.)
| | - Sadeesh Srinathan
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (S.S.)
| | - Samandar Ismoilov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Centre, Novosibirsk, Russia (V.L., S.I.)
| | - Shirley Pettit
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.)
| | - David Stillo
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.)
| | - Andrea Kurz
- Anesthesiology Institute, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (D.I.S., K.R., S.A., K.M., A.K.)
| | - Emilie P Belley-Côté
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.)
| | - Jessica Spence
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.)
| | - William F McIntyre
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.)
| | - Shrikant I Bangdiwala
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.)
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (G.G.)
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.)
| | - P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Binbraik Y, Wang MK, Riekki T, Conen D, Marcucci M, Borges FK, Hambly N, Devereaux PJ. Pulmonary hypertension and associated outcomes in noncardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Lung 2023; 58:21-27. [PMID: 36343565 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies suggest that patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) may be at higher risk of complications and death after noncardiac surgery. However, the magnitude of these associations is unclear. OBJECTIVES To determine the associations between PH and adverse outcomes after noncardiac surgery. METHODS We searched PUBMED and EMBASE for studies published from January 1970 to April 2022. We included studies that reported the association between PH and one or more outcomes of interest occurring after noncardiac surgery. Data were pooled using random-effects models and reported as summary odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Eighteen studies met eligibility criteria (n=18,214,760). PH was independently associated with mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.09; 95% CI, 1.51-2.90; I2=98%; 8 studies). PH was associated with a higher unadjusted risk of deep venous thrombosis (OR 4.02; 95% CI, 2.14-7.54; I2=85%; 3 studies), pulmonary embolism (OR 4.16; 95% CI, 3.23-5.36; I2=69%; 7 studies), myocardial infarction (OR 1.49; 95% CI, 1.44-1.54; I2=0%; 5 studies), congestive heart failure or cardiogenic shock (OR 3.37; 95% CI, 1.73-6.60; I2=34%; 5 studies), length of hospital stay (mean difference 1.97 days; 95% CI, 0.81-3.12; I2=99%; 5 studies), and delayed extubation (OR 5.98; 95% CI, 1.70-21.02; I2=3%; 3 studies). PH was associated with lower unadjusted risk of postoperative stroke (OR 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88-0.98; I2=0%; 3 studies). CONCLUSION PH is a predictor of morbidity and mortality after noncardiac surgery. High quality studies are needed to determine effective strategies for reducing postoperative complications in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Binbraik
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Cardiac Sciences Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
| | - Michael Ke Wang
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada..
| | - Thomas Riekki
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Conen
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maura Marcucci
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Flavia Kessler Borges
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan Hambly
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - P J Devereaux
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Duceppe E, Borges FK, Tiboni M, Pearse R, Chan MTV, Srinathan S, Kavsak PA, Garg AX, Sessler DI, Sapsford R, Heels-Ansdell D, Pettit S, Vasquez J, Mueller C, Walsh M, Szczeklik W, Rodseth R, Lalu M, Thabane L, Guyatt G, Devereaux PJ. High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I Thresholds to Identify Myocardial Injury After Noncardiac Surgery: A Cohort Study. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:311-318. [PMID: 36682485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) is common and associated with short- and long-term major cardiovascular events. Diagnostic criteria for MINS using Abbott high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) are unknown. METHODS We performed a prospective cohort study of adults who had in-patient noncardiac surgery and measured hs-cTnI (Abbott Laboratories) on postoperative serum samples collected up to postoperative day 3. The objective was to determine prognostically important hs-cTnI thresholds associated with major cardiac events and death at 30 days after noncardiac surgery. Using Cox proportional iterative analyses, we determined peak postoperative hs-cTnI thresholds associated with the occurrence of the 30-day composite of major cardiac events (ie, nonfatal myocardial infarction after 3 postoperative days, cardiac arrest, and congestive heart failure) and death. RESULTS Of 3953 included patients, 66 (1.7%) experienced the primary outcome at 30 days. Peak hs-cTnI values and associated incidence of major cardiac events and death were as follows: < 60 ng/L: 1.0% (95% CI 0.7-1.3); 60 to < 700 ng/L: 8.6% (5.6-13.0); and ≥ 700 ng/L: 27.3% (16.4-41.9). Compared with peak hs-cTnI < 60 ng/L, adjusted hazard ratios were 7.54 (95% CI% 4.27-13.32) for hs-cTnI values of 60 to < 700 ng/L and 26.87 (13.27-54.41) for values ≥ 700 ng/L. CONCLUSIONS Hs-cTnI elevation within the first 3 days after noncardiac surgery independently predicts major cardiac events and death at 30 days. A postoperative hs-cTnI ≥ 60 ng/L was associated with a > 7-fold increase in the risk of subsequent major cardiac events and mortality at 30 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Duceppe
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Flavia K Borges
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Tiboni
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rupert Pearse
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sadeesh Srinathan
- Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter A Kavsak
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amit X Garg
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel I Sessler
- Department of Outcome Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Robert Sapsford
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Diane Heels-Ansdell
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shirley Pettit
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Javiera Vasquez
- Anaesthesiology Department, Clinica Santa Maria, Santiago. Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Mueller
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Micheal Walsh
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wojciech Szczeklik
- Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Reitze Rodseth
- Department of Anaesthesia, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Manoj Lalu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Borges FK, Duceppe E, Heels-Ansdell D, Patel A, Sessler DI, Tandon V, Chan M, Pearse R, Srinathan S, Garg AX, Sapsford RJ, Ofori SN, Marcucci M, Kavsak PA, Pettit S, Spence J, Belley-Cote E, McGillion M, Whitlock R, Lamy A, Conen D, Thomas S, Mueller C, Jaffe AS, Devereaux PJ. High-sensitivity Troponin I Predicts Major Cardiovascular Events after Non-Cardiac Surgery: A Vascular Events in Non-Cardiac Surgery Patients Cohort Evaluation (VISION) Substudy. Clin Chem 2023; 69:492-499. [PMID: 36762424 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS), based on measurement of troponin T, is associated with perioperative major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). We therefore determined the high-sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) thresholds associated with 30 day MACE after non-cardiac surgery. METHODS We performed a nested biobank cohort study of 4553 patients from the Vascular Events in Non-Cardiac Surgery Patients Cohort Evaluation (VISION) Study. We measured hsTnI (ADVIA Centaur® hsTnI assay) on postoperative days 1 to 3 in patients ≥45 years undergoing non-cardiac surgery. An iterative Cox proportional hazard model determined peak postoperative hsTnI thresholds independently associated with MACE (i.e., death, myocardial infarction occurring on postoperative day 4 or after, non-fatal cardiac arrest, or congestive heart failure) within 30 days after surgery. RESULTS MACE occurred in 89/4545 (2.0%) patients. Peak hsTnI values of <75 ng/L, 75 ng/L to <1000 ng/L, and ≥1000 ng/L were associated with 1.2% (95% CI, 0.9-1.6), 7.1% (95% CI, 4.8-10.5), and 25.9% (95% CI, 16.3-38.4) MACE, respectively. Compared to peak hsTnI <75 ng/L, values 75 ng/L to <1000 ng/L and ≥1000 ng/L were associated with adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) of 4.53 (95% CI, 2.75-7.48) and 16.17 (95% CI, 8.70-30.07), respectively. MACE was observed in 9% of patients with peak hsTnI ≥75 ng/L vs 1% in patients with peak hsTnI <75 ng/L (aHR 5.76; 95% CI, 3.64-9.11). A peak hsTnI ≥75 ng/L was associated with MACE in the presence (aHR 9.35; 95% CI, 5.28-16.55) or absence (aHR 3.99; 95% CI, 2.19-7.25) of ischemic features of myocardial injury. CONCLUSION A peak postoperative hsTnI ≥75 ng/L was associated with >5-fold increase in the risk of 30 days MACE compared to levels <75 ng/L. This threshold could be used for MINS diagnosis when the ADVIA Centaur hsTnI assay is used. Clinicaltrials.gov Registration Number: NCT00512109.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia K Borges
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Duceppe
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Diane Heels-Ansdell
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ameen Patel
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Daniel I Sessler
- Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Vikas Tandon
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Matthew Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Rupert Pearse
- Department of Critical Care, Queen Mary University of London and Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amit X Garg
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Robert J Sapsford
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra N Ofori
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Maura Marcucci
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Peter A Kavsak
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Shirley Pettit
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jessica Spence
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Emilie Belley-Cote
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Michael McGillion
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada.,School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Richard Whitlock
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Andre Lamy
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - David Conen
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sabu Thomas
- Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Christian Mueller
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Allan S Jaffe
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - P J Devereaux
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gaudino M, Alexander J, Benedetto U, Boening A, Dimagli A, Fremes S, Chikwe J, Girardi L, Hare D, Kurlansky P, Lamy A, Audisio K, Di Franco A, Devereaux PJ, Diegeler A, Flather M, Lawton JS, Tam DY, Reents W, Rahouma M. Omnia munda mundis ('to the pure, all things are pure'). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 63:6991172. [PMID: 36651674 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Alexander
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Umberto Benedetto
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Andreas Boening
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Arnaldo Dimagli
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Fremes
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Schulich Heart Centre Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joanna Chikwe
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leonard Girardi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Hare
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Kurlansky
- Department of Surgery, Center for Innovation and Outcomes Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andre Lamy
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Katia Audisio
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonino Di Franco
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - P J Devereaux
- Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI) and Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anno Diegeler
- Department Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center Bad Neustadt/Saale, Bad Neustadt/Saale, Germany
| | - Marcus Flather
- Norwich Clinical Trials Unit, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Jennifer S Lawton
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Derrick Y Tam
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Schulich Heart Centre Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wilko Reents
- Department Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center Bad Neustadt/Saale, Bad Neustadt/Saale, Germany
| | - Mohamed Rahouma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chang LL, Devereaux PJ, Slobogean G. Choice of Admitting Services for Older Adults with Hip Fracture. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:2466-2468. [PMID: 36577105 DOI: 10.1056/nejmclde2118451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
36
|
O'Hara NN, Wu J, Rolle N, Sprague S, Devereaux PJ, Borges FK, Slobogean GP. Hip Fracture With Elevated Troponin: Harbinger of Mortality or Need for Accelerated Surgery? J Orthop Trauma 2022; 36:604-609. [PMID: 36037426 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000002444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association of elevated troponin levels with time to surgery and the risk of mortality and other key clinical outcomes among elderly patients with hip fracture who had measured troponin levels at hospital admission. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Single academic trauma center. PATIENTS We included 299 consecutive patients 60 years of age or older with a hip fracture and cardiac troponin levels measured at the time of hospital admission. INTERVENTION Patients with elevated cardiac troponin levels at hospital admission (n = 43) compared with patients with normal troponin levels at admission (n = 256). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Time to surgery, 90-day mortality, and major complications within 90 days of injury. RESULTS The median age of the cohort was 80 years (interquartile range, 70-87 years), 59% were female, and 86% were living independently before their injury. Elevated troponin levels were associated with a 21-hour [95% confidence interval (CI), 12 to 32, P < 0.001] increase in the median time from admission to surgery (43 vs. 22 hours). Elevated troponin levels were also associated with a 14% (95% CI, 0% to 29%, P = 0.01) absolute increase in 90-day mortality (28% vs. 14%). Patients with elevated troponins were 15% (95% CI, -1% to 30%, P = 0.06) more likely to have a major complication (37% vs. 23%); however, the difference did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with a hip fracture and measured troponin levels, elevated troponin levels were associated with significant delays in surgery and increased 90-day mortality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan N O'Hara
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jocelyn Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nicholas Rolle
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sheila Sprague
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON; and
| | - P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
| | - Flavia K Borges
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
| | - Gerard P Slobogean
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Borges FK, Devereaux PJ, Cuerden M, Sontrop JM, Bhandari M, Guerra-Farfán E, Patel A, Sigamani A, Umer M, Neary J, Tiboni M, Tandon V, Ramokgopa MT, Sancheti P, Lawendy AR, Balaguer-Castro M, Jenkinson R, Ślęczka P, Nur AN, Wood GCA, Feibel RJ, McMahon JS, Biccard BM, Ortalda A, Szczeklik W, Wang CY, Tomás-Hernández J, Vincent J, Harvey V, Pettit S, Balasubramanian K, Slobogean G, Garg AX. Accelerated Surgery Versus Standard Care in Hip Fracture (HIP ATTACK-1): A Kidney Substudy of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Kidney Dis 2022; 80:686-689. [PMID: 35346742 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.01.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia K Borges
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Perioperative Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - P J Devereaux
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meaghan Cuerden
- Division of Nephrology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica M Sontrop
- Division of Nephrology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ernesto Guerra-Farfán
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ameen Patel
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Perioperative Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alben Sigamani
- Clinical Research, Narayana Hrudayalaya Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Masood Umer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - John Neary
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Tiboni
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vikas Tandon
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mmampapatla Thomas Ramokgopa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Parag Sancheti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sancheti Institute for Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Pune, India
| | | | - Mariano Balaguer-Castro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Richard Jenkinson
- Department of Surgery and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Aamer Nabi Nur
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gavin C A Wood
- Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert J Feibel
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Bruce M Biccard
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Alessandro Ortalda
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Wojciech Szczeklik
- Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Chew Yin Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jordi Tomás-Hernández
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica Vincent
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie Harvey
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shirley Pettit
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kumar Balasubramanian
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerard Slobogean
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amit X Garg
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Nephrology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sommer JL, Reynolds K, Hebbard P, Mota N, Roos L, Sareen J, Devereaux PJ, Srinathan S, El-Gabalawy R. Healthcare-related correlates of preoperative psychological distress among a mixed surgical and cancer-specific sample. J Psychosom Res 2022; 162:111036. [PMID: 36116291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preoperative distress is commonly experienced by surgical patients and is associated with adverse health-related outcomes. Research suggests preoperative distress may be elevated among cancer surgery patients relative to other surgical groups and there appears to be greater recognition of the adverse impacts of distress for these patients. This study examined associations between preoperative distress and postoperative healthcare-related correlates (e.g., length of stay, re-hospitalization) among a large, mixed surgical sample, and separately among cancer surgery patients with active cancer. METHODS We analyzed secondary data from the Vascular Events In Non-cardiac Surgery Patients Cohort Evaluation (VISION) study - Mental Health Supplement (N = 997; n = 370 active cancer/cancer surgery). The Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale assessed preoperative distress on the day of surgery. Multivariable regressions examined associations between distress and healthcare-related correlates. For significant relationships, we examined associations between anxiety and depressive subscales of distress with the correlates of interest. RESULTS Among the full surgical sample, after adjustment, preoperative distress was associated with a greater length of stay (b = 0.01, 95% CI [0.00-0.02], R2 = 0.15, f2 = 0.18) and increased odds of re-hospitalization (AOR = 1.07, 95%CI [1.01-1.13]). Results were comparable among cancer surgery patients (length of stay: b = 0.02, re-hospitalization: AOR = 1.11). Post-hoc analyses revealed associations between anxiety symptoms and re-hospitalization (AOR range: 1.13-1.26) and between depressive symptoms and length of hospital stay (b range: 0.02-0.04, R2 range: 0.07-0.15, f2 range: 0.07-0.18). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest preoperative distress may be associated with greater postoperative healthcare needs. Results support the importance of screening for distress in the perioperative period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordana L Sommer
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada.
| | | | - Pamela Hebbard
- Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Canada; CancerCare Manitoba, Canada
| | - Natalie Mota
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Leslie Roos
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Canada
| | | | - Renée El-Gabalawy
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada; CancerCare Manitoba, Canada; Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Petch J, Nelson W, Di S, Balasubramanian K, Yusuf S, Devereaux PJ, Borges FK, Bangdiwala SI. Machine learning for detecting centre-level irregularities in randomized controlled trials: A pilot study. Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 122:106963. [PMID: 36252935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Centralized statistical monitoring is sometimes employed as an alternative to onsite monitoring for randomized control trials. Current central monitoring methods have limitations, in that they are relatively resource intensive and do not necessarily generalize to studies where an irregularity pattern has not been observed before. Machine learning has been effective in detecting irregularities in industries such as finance and manufacturing, but to date none have been applied to clinical trials. We conducted a pilot study for the use of machine learning to identify center-level irregularities in data from multicenter clinical trials. We employed unsupervised machine learning methods, which do not rely on labelled data, and therefore allow for the automated discovery of previously unseen irregularity patterns while maintaining flexibility when applied to new data with different structures. This pilot study employs unsupervised machine learning to compute distance matrices between centres, which we used to produce centre-level continuous features. We then used a one-class support vector machine to learn the underlying distribution of each data set to identify data that was substantially different from these distributions. We evaluated our approach against current automatable centralized monitoring methods on two trials with known irregularities. While current approaches performed well on one trial (AUROC 0.752 for monitoring vs. 0.584 for machine learning), our techniques performed substantially better on the other (AUROC 0.140 for monitoring vs 0.728 for machine learning). The results of this pilot study suggest both the feasibility and the potential value of a machine learning-based approach to irregularity detection in RCTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Petch
- Centre for Data Science and Digital Health, Hamilton Health Sciences, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Walter Nelson
- Centre for Data Science and Digital Health, Hamilton Health Sciences, Canada; Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Shuang Di
- Centre for Data Science and Digital Health, Hamilton Health Sciences, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Canada
| | - P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Flavia K Borges
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Shrikant I Bangdiwala
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pedersen SS, Holse C, Mathar CE, Chan MTV, Sessler DI, Liu Y, Zhang L, Kurz A, Jacka M, Torborg A, Biyase T, Montes FR, Wang CY, Pettit S, Devereaux PJ, Meyhoff CS. Intraoperative Inspiratory Oxygen Fraction and Myocardial Injury After Noncardiac Surgery: Results From an International Observational Study in Relation to Recent Controlled Trials. Anesth Analg 2022; 135:1021-1030. [PMID: 35417425 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two trials reported that a high inspiratory oxygen fraction (F io2 ) does not promote myocardial infarction or death. Observational studies can provide larger statistical strength, but associations can be due to unobserved confounding. Therefore, we evaluated the association between intraoperative F io2 and cardiovascular complications in a large international cohort study to see if spurious associations were observed. METHODS We included patients from the Vascular events In noncardiac Surgery patIents cOhort evaluatioN (VISION) study, who were ≥45 years of age, scheduled for overnight hospital admission, and had intraoperative F io2 recorded. The primary outcome was myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS), and secondary outcomes included mortality and pneumonia, all within 30 postoperative days. Data were analyzed with logistic regression, adjusted for many baseline cardiovascular risk factors, and illustrated in relation to findings from 2 recent controlled trials. RESULTS We included 6588 patients with mean age of 62 years of whom 49% had hypertension. The median intraoperative F io2 was 0.46 (5%-95% range, 0.32-0.94). There were 808 patients (12%) with MINS. Each 0.10 increase in median F io2 was associated with a confounder-adjusted increase in odds for MINS: odds ratio (OR), 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-1.23; P < .0001). MINS occurred in contrast with similar frequencies and no significant difference in controlled trials (2240 patients, 194 events), in which patients were given 80% vs 30% oxygen. Mortality was 2.4% and was not significantly associated with a median F io2 (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.97-1.19 per 0.10 increase; P = .18), and 2.9% of patients had pneumonia (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.95-1.15 per 0.10 increase; P = .34). CONCLUSIONS We observed an association between intraoperative F io2 and risk of myocardial injury within 30 days after noncardiac surgery, which contrasts with recent controlled clinical trials. F io2 was not significantly associated with mortality or pneumonia. Unobserved confounding presumably contributed to the observed association between F io2 and myocardial injury that is not supported by trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie S Pedersen
- From the Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Holse
- From the Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clara E Mathar
- From the Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Daniel I Sessler
- Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yingzhi Liu
- Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care
| | - Lin Zhang
- Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Andrea Kurz
- Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of General Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mike Jacka
- Walter C. Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, Edmonton, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Alexandra Torborg
- Discipline of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Congella, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Thuli Biyase
- Discipline of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Congella, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | | | - Chew Yin Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shirley Pettit
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian S Meyhoff
- From the Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Al-Jaishi AA, Taljaard M, Al-Jaishi MD, Abdullah SS, Thabane L, Devereaux PJ, Dixon SN, Garg AX. Machine learning algorithms to identify cluster randomized trials from MEDLINE and EMBASE. Syst Rev 2022; 11:229. [PMID: 36284336 PMCID: PMC9594883 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cluster randomized trials (CRTs) are becoming an increasingly important design. However, authors of CRTs do not always adhere to requirements to explicitly identify the design as cluster randomized in titles and abstracts, making retrieval from bibliographic databases difficult. Machine learning algorithms may improve their identification and retrieval. Therefore, we aimed to develop machine learning algorithms that accurately determine whether a bibliographic citation is a CRT report. METHODS We trained, internally validated, and externally validated two convolutional neural networks and one support vector machine (SVM) algorithm to predict whether a citation is a CRT report or not. We exclusively used the information in an article citation, including the title, abstract, keywords, and subject headings. The algorithms' output was a probability from 0 to 1. We assessed algorithm performance using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curves. Each algorithm's performance was evaluated individually and together as an ensemble. We randomly selected 5000 from 87,633 citations to train and internally validate our algorithms. Of the 5000 selected citations, 589 (12%) were confirmed CRT reports. We then externally validated our algorithms on an independent set of 1916 randomized trial citations, with 665 (35%) confirmed CRT reports. RESULTS In internal validation, the ensemble algorithm discriminated best for identifying CRT reports with an AUC of 98.6% (95% confidence interval: 97.8%, 99.4%), sensitivity of 97.7% (94.3%, 100%), and specificity of 85.0% (81.8%, 88.1%). In external validation, the ensemble algorithm had an AUC of 97.8% (97.0%, 98.5%), sensitivity of 97.6% (96.4%, 98.6%), and specificity of 78.2% (75.9%, 80.4%)). All three individual algorithms performed well, but less so than the ensemble. CONCLUSIONS We successfully developed high-performance algorithms that identified whether a citation was a CRT report with high sensitivity and moderately high specificity. We provide open-source software to facilitate the use of our algorithms in practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Al-Jaishi
- Lawson Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Monica Taljaard
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sheikh S Abdullah
- Department of Computer Science, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P J Devereaux
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie N Dixon
- Lawson Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON, Canada
| | - Amit X Garg
- Lawson Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Slobogean GP, Sprague S, Wells JL, Bhandari M, Harris AD, Mullins CD, Thabane L, Wood A, Della Rocca GJ, Hebden JN, Jeray KJ, Marchand LS, O'Hara LM, Zura RD, Lee C, Patterson JT, Gardner MJ, Blasman J, Davies J, Liang S, Taljaard M, Devereaux PJ, Guyatt G, Heels-Ansdell D, Marvel D, Palmer JE, Friedrich J, O'Hara NN, Grissom F, Gitajn IL, Morshed S, O'Toole RV, Petrisor B, Mossuto F, Joshi MG, D'Alleyrand JCG, Fowler J, Rivera JC, Talbot M, Pogorzelski D, Dodds S, Li S, Del Fabbro G, Szasz OP, Bzovsky S, McKay P, Minea A, Murphy K, Howe AL, Demyanovich HK, Hoskins W, Medeiros M, Polk G, Kettering E, Mahal N, Eglseder A, Johnson A, Langhammer C, Lebrun C, Nascone J, Pensy R, Pollak A, Sciadini M, Degani Y, Phipps H, Hempen E, Johal H, Ristevski B, Williams D, Denkers M, Rajaratnam K, Al-Asiri J, Gallant JL, Pusztai K, MacRae S, Renaud S, Adams JD, Beckish ML, Bray CC, Brown TR, Cross AW, Dew T, Faucher GK, Gurich Jr RW, Lazarus DE, Millon SJ, Moody MC, Palmer MJ, Porter SE, Schaller TM, Sridhar MS, Sanders JL, Rudisill Jr LE, Garitty MJ, Poole AS, Sims ML, Walker CM, Carlisle R, Hofer EA, Huggins B, Hunter M, Marshall W, Ray SB, Smith C, Altman KM, Pichiotino ER, Quirion JC, Loeffler MF, Cole AA, Maltz EJ, Parker W, Ramsey TB, Burnikel A, Colello M, Stewart R, Wise J, Anderson M, Eskew J, Judkins B, Miller JM, Tanner SL, Snider RG, Townsend CE, Pham KH, Martin A, Robertson E, Bray E, Sykes JW, Yoder K, Conner K, Abbott H, Natoli RM, McKinley TO, Virkus WW, Sorkin AT, Szatkowski JP, Mullis BH, Jang Y, Lopas LA, Hill LC, Fentz CL, Diaz MM, Brown K, Garst KM, Denari EW, Osborn P, Pierrie SN, Kessler B, Herrera M, Miclau T, Marmor MT, Matityahu A, McClellan RT, Shearer D, Toogood P, Ding A, Murali J, El Naga A, Tangtiphaiboontana J, Belaye T, Berhaneselase E, Pokhvashchev D, Obremskey WT, Jahangir AA, Sethi M, Boyce R, Stinner DJ, Mitchell PP, Trochez K, Rodriguez E, Pritchett C, Hogan N, Fidel Moreno A, Hagen JE, Patrick M, Vlasak R, Krupko T, Talerico M, Horodyski M, Pazik M, Lossada-Soto E, Gary JL, Warner SJ, Munz JW, Choo AM, Achor TS, Routt ML“C, Kutzler M, Boutte S, Warth RJ, Prayson MJ, Venkatarayappa I, Horne B, Jerele J, Clark L, Boulton C, Lowe J, Ruth JT, Askam B, Seach A, Cruz A, Featherston B, Carlson R, Romero I, Zarif I, Dehghan N, McKee M, Jones CB, Sietsema DL, Williams A, Dykes T, Guerra-Farfan E, Tomas-Hernandez J, Teixidor-Serra J, Molero-Garcia V, Selga-Marsa J, Porcel-Vazquez JA, Andres-Peiro JV, Esteban-Feliu I, Vidal-Tarrason N, Serracanta J, Nuñez-Camarena J, del Mar Villar-Casares M, Mestre-Torres J, Lalueza-Broto P, Moreira-Borim F, Garcia-Sanchez Y, Marcano-Fernández F, Martínez-Carreres L, Martí-Garín D, Serrano-Sanz J, Sánchez-Fernández J, Sanz-Molero M, Carballo A, Pelfort X, Acerboni-Flores F, Alavedra-Massana A, Anglada-Torres N, Berenguer A, Cámara-Cabrera J, Caparros-García A, Fillat-Gomà F, Fuentes-López R, Garcia-Rodriguez R, Gimeno-Calavia N, Martínez-Álvarez M, Martínez-Grau P, Pellejero-García R, Ràfols-Perramon O, Peñalver JM, Salomó Domènech M, Soler-Cano A, Velasco-Barrera A, Yela-Verdú C, Bueno-Ruiz M, Sánchez-Palomino E, Andriola V, Molina-Corbacho M, Maldonado-Sotoca Y, Gasset-Teixidor A, Blasco-Moreu J, Fernández-Poch N, Rodoreda-Puigdemasa J, Verdaguer-Figuerola A, Cueva-Sevieri HE, Garcia-Gimenez S, Viskontas DG, Apostle KL, Boyer DS, Moola FO, Perey BH, Stone TB, Lemke HM, Spicer E, Payne K, Hymes RA, Schwartzbach CC, Schulman JE, Malekzadeh AS, Holzman MA, Gaski GE, Wills J, Pilson H, Carroll EA, Halvorson JJ, Babcock S, Goodman JB, Holden MB, Williams W, Hill T, Brotherton A, Romeo NM, Vallier HA, Vergon A, Higgins TF, Haller JM, Rothberg DL, Olsen ZM, McGowan AV, Hill S, Dauk MK, Bergin PF, Russell GV, Graves ML, Morellato J, McGee SL, Bhanat EL, Yener U, Khanna R, Nehete P, Potter D, VanDemark III R, Seabold K, Staudenmier N, Coe M, Dwyer K, Mullin DS, Chockbengboun TA, DePalo Sr. PA, Phelps K, Bosse M, Karunakar M, Kempton L, Sims S, Hsu J, Seymour R, Churchill C, Mayfield A, Sweeney J, Jaeblon T, Beer R, Bauer B, Meredith S, Talwar S, Domes CM, Gage MJ, Reilly RM, Paniagua A, Dupree J, Weaver MJ, von Keudell AG, Sagona AE, Mehta S, Donegan D, Horan A, Dooley M, Heng M, Harris MB, Lhowe DW, Esposito JG, Alnasser A, Shannon SF, Scott AN, Clinch B, Weber B, Beltran MJ, Archdeacon MT, Sagi HC, Wyrick JD, Le TT, Laughlin RT, Thomson CG, Hasselfeld K, Lin CA, Vrahas MS, Moon CN, Little MT, Marecek GS, Dubuclet DM, Scolaro JA, Learned JR, Lim PK, Demas S, Amirhekmat A, Dela Cruz YM. Aqueous skin antisepsis before surgical fixation of open fractures (Aqueous-PREP): a multiple-period, cluster-randomised, crossover trial. Lancet 2022; 400:1334-1344. [PMID: 36244384 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorhexidine skin antisepsis is frequently recommended for most surgical procedures; however, it is unclear if these recommendations should apply to surgery involving traumatic contaminated wounds where povidone-iodine has previously been preferred. We aimed to compare the effect of aqueous 10% povidone-iodine versus aqueous 4% chlorhexidine gluconate on the risk of surgical site infection in patients who required surgery for an open fracture. METHODS We conducted a multiple-period, cluster-randomised, crossover trial (Aqueous-PREP) at 14 hospitals in Canada, Spain, and the USA. Eligible patients were adults aged 18 years or older with an open extremity fracture treated with a surgical fixation implant. For inclusion, the open fracture required formal surgical debridement within 72 h of the injury. Participating sites were randomly assigned (1:1) to use either aqueous 10% povidone-iodine or aqueous 4% chlorhexidine gluconate immediately before surgical incision; sites then alternated between the study interventions every 2 months. Participants, health-care providers, and study personnel were aware of the treatment assignment due to the colour of the solutions. The outcome adjudicators and data analysts were masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was surgical site infection, guided by the 2017 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network reporting criteria, which included superficial incisional infection within 30 days or deep incisional or organ space infection within 90 days of surgery. The primary analyses followed the intention-to-treat principle and included all participants in the groups to which they were randomly assigned. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03385304. FINDINGS Between April 8, 2018, and June 8, 2021, 3619 patients were assessed for eligibility and 1683 were enrolled and randomly assigned to povidone-iodine (n=847) or chlorhexidine gluconate (n=836). The trial's adjudication committee determined that 45 participants were ineligible, leaving 1638 participants in the primary analysis, with 828 in the povidone-iodine group and 810 in the chlorhexidine gluconate group (mean age 44·9 years [SD 18·0]; 629 [38%] were female and 1009 [62%] were male). Among 1571 participants in whom the primary outcome was known, a surgical site infection occurred in 59 (7%) of 787 participants in the povidone-iodine group and 58 (7%) of 784 in the chlorhexidine gluconate group (odds ratio 1·11, 95% CI 0·74 to 1·65; p=0·61; risk difference 0·6%, 95% CI -1·4 to 3·4). INTERPRETATION For patients who require surgical fixation of an open fracture, either aqueous 10% povidone-iodine or aqueous 4% chlorhexidine gluconate can be selected for skin antisepsis on the basis of solution availability, patient contraindications, or product cost. These findings might also have implications for antisepsis of other traumatic wounds. FUNDING US Department of Defense, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, McMaster University Surgical Associates, PSI Foundation.
Collapse
|
43
|
Vives M, Devereaux PJ. Secondary prevention use of aspirin in non-cardiac, non-carotid endarterectomy surgery in patients who have not had previous coronary stenting: Uso de aspirina como profilaxis secundaria en pacientes sin stents coronarios sometidos a cirugía no-cardiaca y cirugía no-endarterectomía carotídea. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed) 2022; 69:512-513. [PMID: 36088265 DOI: 10.1016/j.redare.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Vives
- EDAIC, Departamento de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario de Girona Dr. J. Trueta, Universidad de Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - P J Devereaux
- Division of Cardiology and Scientific Leader of the Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Surgical Research Group at Population Health Research Institute, Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
O'Hara NN, Heels-Ansdell D, Bzovsky S, Dodds S, Thabane L, Bhandari M, Guyatt G, Devereaux PJ, Slobogean GP, Sprague S. A pragmatic randomized trial evaluating pre-operative aqueous antiseptic skin solutions in open fractures (Aqueous-PREP): statistical analysis plan. Trials 2022; 23:772. [PMID: 36096826 PMCID: PMC9465853 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 1 in 10 patients with a surgically treated open fracture will develop a surgical site infection. The Aqueous-PREP trial will investigate the effect of 10% povidone-iodine versus 4% chlorhexidine in aqueous antiseptic solutions in reducing infections after open fracture surgery. The study protocol was published in April 2020. Methods and design The Aqueous-PREP trial is a pragmatic, multicenter, open-label, randomized multiple period cluster crossover trial. Each participating cluster is randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to provide 1 of the 2 study interventions on all eligible patients during a study period. The intervention periods are 2 months in length. After completing a 2-month period, the participating cluster crosses over to the alternative intervention. We plan to enroll a minimum of 1540 patients at 14 sites. Results The primary outcome is surgical site infection guided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Healthcare Safety Network reporting criteria (2017). All participants’ surgical site infection surveillance period will end 30 days after definitive fracture management surgery for superficial infections and 90 days after definitive fracture management surgery for deep incisional or organ/space infections [1]. The secondary outcome is an unplanned fracture-related reoperation within 12 months of the fracture. Conclusion This manuscript serves as the formal statistical analysis plan (version 1.0) for the Aqueous-PREP trial. The statistical analysis plan was completed on February 28, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan N O'Hara
- R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diane Heels-Ansdell
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sofia Bzovsky
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannon Dodds
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - P J Devereaux
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerard P Slobogean
- R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheila Sprague
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. .,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gaudino M, Audisio K, Di Franco A, Alexander JH, Kurlansky P, Boening A, Chikwe J, Devereaux PJ, Diegeler A, Dimagli A, Flather M, Lamy A, Lawton JS, Tam DY, Reents W, Rahouma M, Girardi LN, Hare DL, Fremes SE, Benedetto U. Radial artery versus saphenous vein versus right internal thoracic artery for coronary artery bypass grafting. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 62:6604735. [PMID: 35678560 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezac345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We used individual patient data from 4 of the largest contemporary coronary bypass surgery trials to evaluate differences in long-term outcomes when radial artery (RA), right internal thoracic artery (RITA) or saphenous vein graft (SVG) are used to complement the left internal thoracic artery-to-left anterior descending graft. METHODS Primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcome was a composite of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction and stroke). Propensity score matching and Cox regression were used to reduce the effect of treatment selection bias and confounders. RESULTS A total of 10 256 patients (1510 RITA; 1385 RA; 7361 SVG) were included. The matched population consisted of 1776 propensity score-matched triplets. The mean follow-up was 7.9 ± 0.1, 7.8 ± 0.1 and 7.8 ± 0.1 years in the RITA, RA and SVG cohorts respectively. All-cause mortality was significantly lower in the RA versus the SVG [hazard ratio (HR) 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51-0.76, P = 0.003] and the RITA group (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.48-0.71, P = 0.001). Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event rate was also lower in the RA group versus the SVG (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.67-0.90, P = 0.04) and the RITA group (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.65-0.86, P = 0.02). Results were consistent in the Cox-adjusted analysis and solid to hidden confounders. CONCLUSIONS In this pooled analysis of 4 large coronary bypass surgery trials, the use of the RA was associated with better clinical outcomes when compared to SVG and RITA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katia Audisio
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonino Di Franco
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John H Alexander
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Paul Kurlansky
- Department of Surgery, Center for Innovation and Outcomes Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Boening
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Joanna Chikwe
- Department of Cardiac Surgery in the Smidt Heart Institute at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P J Devereaux
- Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI) and Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anno Diegeler
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center Bad Neustadt/Saale, Bad Neustadt/Saale, Germany
| | - Arnaldo Dimagli
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus Flather
- Norwich Clinical Trials Unit, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Andre Lamy
- Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI) and Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Lawton
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Derrick Y Tam
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Schulich Heart Centre Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wilko Reents
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center Bad Neustadt/Saale, Bad Neustadt/Saale, Germany
| | - Mohamed Rahouma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leonard N Girardi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David L Hare
- Department of Cardiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen E Fremes
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Schulich Heart Centre Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Umberto Benedetto
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Devereaux PJ, Marcucci M, Painter TW, Conen D, Lomivorotov V, Sessler DI, Chan MTV, Borges FK, Martínez-Zapata MJ, Wang CY, Xavier D, Ofori SN, Wang MK, Efremov S, Landoni G, Kleinlugtenbelt YV, Szczeklik W, Schmartz D, Garg AX, Short TG, Wittmann M, Meyhoff CS, Amir M, Torres D, Patel A, Duceppe E, Ruetzler K, Parlow JL, Tandon V, Fleischmann E, Polanczyk CA, Lamy A, Astrakov SV, Rao M, Wu WKK, Bhatt K, de Nadal M, Likhvantsev VV, Paniagua P, Aguado HJ, Whitlock RP, McGillion MH, Prystajecky M, Vincent J, Eikelboom J, Copland I, Balasubramanian K, Turan A, Bangdiwala SI, Stillo D, Gross PL, Cafaro T, Alfonsi P, Roshanov PS, Belley-Côté EP, Spence J, Richards T, VanHelder T, McIntyre W, Guyatt G, Yusuf S, Leslie K. Tranexamic Acid in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:1986-1997. [PMID: 35363452 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2201171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative bleeding is common in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic drug that may safely decrease such bleeding. METHODS We conducted a trial involving patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to receive tranexamic acid (1-g intravenous bolus) or placebo at the start and end of surgery (reported here) and, with the use of a partial factorial design, a hypotension-avoidance or hypertension-avoidance strategy (not reported here). The primary efficacy outcome was life-threatening bleeding, major bleeding, or bleeding into a critical organ (composite bleeding outcome) at 30 days. The primary safety outcome was myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery, nonhemorrhagic stroke, peripheral arterial thrombosis, or symptomatic proximal venous thromboembolism (composite cardiovascular outcome) at 30 days. To establish the noninferiority of tranexamic acid to placebo for the composite cardiovascular outcome, the upper boundary of the one-sided 97.5% confidence interval for the hazard ratio had to be below 1.125, and the one-sided P value had to be less than 0.025. RESULTS A total of 9535 patients underwent randomization. A composite bleeding outcome event occurred in 433 of 4757 patients (9.1%) in the tranexamic acid group and in 561 of 4778 patients (11.7%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67 to 0.87; absolute difference, -2.6 percentage points; 95% CI, -3.8 to -1.4; two-sided P<0.001 for superiority). A composite cardiovascular outcome event occurred in 649 of 4581 patients (14.2%) in the tranexamic acid group and in 639 of 4601 patients (13.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.14; upper boundary of the one-sided 97.5% CI, 1.14; absolute difference, 0.3 percentage points; 95% CI, -1.1 to 1.7; one-sided P = 0.04 for noninferiority). CONCLUSIONS Among patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, the incidence of the composite bleeding outcome was significantly lower with tranexamic acid than with placebo. Although the between-group difference in the composite cardiovascular outcome was small, the noninferiority of tranexamic acid was not established. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and others; POISE-3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03505723.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Devereaux
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Maura Marcucci
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Thomas W Painter
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - David Conen
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Vladimir Lomivorotov
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Daniel I Sessler
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Flavia K Borges
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - María J Martínez-Zapata
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Chew Yin Wang
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Denis Xavier
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Sandra N Ofori
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Michael K Wang
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Sergey Efremov
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Giovanni Landoni
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Ydo V Kleinlugtenbelt
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Wojciech Szczeklik
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Denis Schmartz
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Amit X Garg
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Timothy G Short
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Maria Wittmann
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Christian S Meyhoff
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Mohammed Amir
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - David Torres
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Ameen Patel
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Emmanuelle Duceppe
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Kurt Ruetzler
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Joel L Parlow
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Vikas Tandon
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Edith Fleischmann
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Carisi A Polanczyk
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Andre Lamy
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Sergey V Astrakov
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Mangala Rao
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - William K K Wu
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Keyur Bhatt
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Miriam de Nadal
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Valery V Likhvantsev
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Pilar Paniagua
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Hector J Aguado
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Richard P Whitlock
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Michael H McGillion
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Michael Prystajecky
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Jessica Vincent
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - John Eikelboom
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Ingrid Copland
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Kumar Balasubramanian
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Alparslan Turan
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Shrikant I Bangdiwala
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - David Stillo
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Peter L Gross
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Teresa Cafaro
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Pascal Alfonsi
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Pavel S Roshanov
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Emilie P Belley-Côté
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Jessica Spence
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Toby Richards
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Tomas VanHelder
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - William McIntyre
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Salim Yusuf
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| | - Kate Leslie
- From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Marcucci M, Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta I, Yang S, Germini F, Gupta S, Agarwal A, Ventresca M, Tang S, Morgano GP, Wang M, Ahmed MM, Neumann I, Izcovich A, Criniti J, Popoff F, Devereaux PJ, Dahm P, Anderson D, Lavikainen LI, Tikkinen KAO, Guyatt GH, Schünemann HJ, Violette PD. Benefits and harms of direct oral anticoagulation and low molecular weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 2022; 376:e066785. [PMID: 35264372 PMCID: PMC8905353 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-066785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically compare the effect of direct oral anticoagulants and low molecular weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis on the benefits and harms to patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. DESIGN Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), up to August 2021. REVIEW METHODS Randomised controlled trials in adults undergoing non-cardiac surgery were selected, comparing low molecular weight heparin (prophylactic (low) or higher dose) with direct oral anticoagulants or with no active treatment. Main outcomes were symptomatic venous thromboembolism, symptomatic pulmonary embolism, and major bleeding. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used for network meta-analyses. Abstracts and full texts were screened independently in duplicate. Data were abstracted on study participants, interventions, and outcomes, and risk of bias was assessed independently in duplicate. Frequentist network meta-analysis with multivariate random effects models provided odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, and GRADE (grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation) assessments indicated the certainty of the evidence. RESULTS 68 randomised controlled trials were included (51 orthopaedic, 10 general, four gynaecological, two thoracic, and one urological surgery), involving 45 445 patients. Low dose (odds ratio 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.16 to 0.67) and high dose (0.19, 0.07 to 0.54) low molecular weight heparin, and direct oral anticoagulants (0.17, 0.07 to 0.41) reduced symptomatic venous thromboembolism compared with no active treatment, with absolute risk differences of 1-100 per 1000 patients, depending on baseline risks (certainty of evidence, moderate to high). None of the active agents reduced symptomatic pulmonary embolism (certainty of evidence, low to moderate). Direct oral anticoagulants and low molecular weight heparin were associated with a 2-3-fold increase in the odds of major bleeding compared with no active treatment (certainty of evidence, moderate to high), with absolute risk differences as high as 50 per 1000 in patients at high risk. Compared with low dose low molecular weight heparin, high dose low molecular weight heparin did not reduce symptomatic venous thromboembolism (0.57, 0.26 to 1.27) but increased major bleeding (1.87, 1.06 to 3.31); direct oral anticoagulants reduced symptomatic venous thromboembolism (0.53, 0.32 to 0.89) and did not increase major bleeding (1.23, 0.89 to 1.69). CONCLUSIONS Direct oral anticoagulants and low molecular weight heparin reduced venous thromboembolism compared with no active treatment but probably increased major bleeding to a similar extent. Direct oral anticoagulants probably prevent symptomatic venous thromboembolism to a greater extent than prophylactic low molecular weight heparin. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018106181.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maura Marcucci
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Stephen Yang
- Department of Anaesthesia, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Federico Germini
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shyla Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Arnav Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Ventresca
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shaowen Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gian Paolo Morgano
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mengxiao Wang
- Department of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ignacio Neumann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Ariel Izcovich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Criniti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Popoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P J Devereaux
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Philipp Dahm
- Minneapolis Veterans Affair Health Care System, Urology Section, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota, Department of Urology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David Anderson
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Kari A O Tikkinen
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Surgery, South Karelian Central Hospital, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Gordon H Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Holger J Schünemann
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael DeGroote Cochrane Canada Centre-Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Philippe D Violette
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Devereaux PJ, Lamy A, Chan MTV, Allard RV, Lomivorotov VV, Landoni G, Zheng H, Paparella D, McGillion MH, Belley-Côté EP, Parlow JL, Underwood MJ, Wang CY, Dvirnik N, Abubakirov M, Fominskiy E, Choi S, Fremes S, Monaco F, Urrútia G, Maestre M, Hajjar LA, Hillis GS, Mills NL, Margari V, Mills JD, Billing JS, Methangkool E, Polanczyk CA, Sant'Anna R, Shukevich D, Conen D, Kavsak PA, McQueen MJ, Brady K, Spence J, Le Manach Y, Mian R, Lee SF, Bangdiwala SI, Hussain S, Borges FK, Pettit S, Vincent J, Guyatt GH, Yusuf S, Alpert JS, White HD, Whitlock RP. High-Sensitivity Troponin I after Cardiac Surgery and 30-Day Mortality. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:827-836. [PMID: 35235725 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consensus recommendations regarding the threshold levels of cardiac troponin elevations for the definition of perioperative myocardial infarction and clinically important periprocedural myocardial injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery range widely (from >10 times to ≥70 times the upper reference limit for the assay). Limited evidence is available to support these recommendations. METHODS We undertook an international prospective cohort study involving patients 18 years of age or older who underwent cardiac surgery. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I measurements (upper reference limit, 26 ng per liter) were obtained 3 to 12 hours after surgery and on days 1, 2, and 3 after surgery. We performed Cox analyses using a regression spline that explored the relationship between peak troponin measurements and 30-day mortality, adjusting for scores on the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II (which estimates the risk of death after cardiac surgery on the basis of 18 variables, including age and sex). RESULTS Of 13,862 patients included in the study, 296 (2.1%) died within 30 days after surgery. Among patients who underwent isolated coronary-artery bypass grafting or aortic-valve replacement or repair, the threshold troponin level, measured within 1 day after surgery, that was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio of more than 1.00 for death within 30 days was 5670 ng per liter (95% confidence interval [CI], 1045 to 8260), a level 218 times the upper reference limit. Among patients who underwent other cardiac surgery, the corresponding threshold troponin level was 12,981 ng per liter (95% CI, 2673 to 16,591), a level 499 times the upper reference limit. CONCLUSIONS The levels of high-sensitivity troponin I after cardiac surgery that were associated with an increased risk of death within 30 days were substantially higher than levels currently recommended to define clinically important periprocedural myocardial injury. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and others; VISION Cardiac Surgery ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01842568.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Devereaux
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Andre Lamy
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - René V Allard
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Vladimir V Lomivorotov
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Giovanni Landoni
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Hong Zheng
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Domenico Paparella
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Michael H McGillion
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Emilie P Belley-Côté
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Joel L Parlow
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Malcolm J Underwood
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Chew Yin Wang
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Nazari Dvirnik
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Marat Abubakirov
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Evgeny Fominskiy
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Stephen Choi
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Stephen Fremes
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Fabrizio Monaco
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Gerard Urrútia
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Marialuz Maestre
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Ludhmila A Hajjar
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Graham S Hillis
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Nicholas L Mills
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Vito Margari
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Joseph D Mills
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - J Stephen Billing
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Emily Methangkool
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Carisi A Polanczyk
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Roberto Sant'Anna
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Dmitry Shukevich
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - David Conen
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Peter A Kavsak
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Matthew J McQueen
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Katheryn Brady
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Jessica Spence
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Yannick Le Manach
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Rajibul Mian
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Shun Fu Lee
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Shrikant I Bangdiwala
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Sara Hussain
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Flavia K Borges
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Shirley Pettit
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Jessica Vincent
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Gordon H Guyatt
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Salim Yusuf
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Joseph S Alpert
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Harvey D White
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| | - Richard P Whitlock
- From McMaster University (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., M.J.M., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., S.H., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton Health Sciences (P.J.D., A.L., E.P.B.-C., N.D., D.C., P.A.K., Y.L.M., F.K.B., G.H.G., S.Y., R.P.W.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., A.L., M.H.M., E.P.B.-C., D.C., M.J.M., K.B., J.S., Y.L.M., R.M., S.F.L., S.I.B., F.K.B., S.P., J.V., S.Y., R.P.W.), Hamilton, Queen's University, Kingston (R.V.A., J.L.P.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto (S.C., S.F.) - all in Ontario, Canada; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (M.T.V.C., M.J.U.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (H.Z.) - both in China; E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.V.L., M.A.) and Novosibirsk State University (V.V.L.), Novosibirsk, and the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (D.S.) - all in Russia; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., E.F., F.M.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., F.M.), Milan, the University of Foggia, Foggia (D.P.), and Santa Maria Hospital GVM Care and Research, Bari (D.P., V.M.) - all in Italy; the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (G.U., M.M.) and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-CIBERESP (G.U.) - both in Barcelona; Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (L.A.H.), and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (C.A.P.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (C.A.P.), and Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (R.S.), Porto Alegre - all in Brazil; Royal Perth Hospital and the University of Western Australia - both in Perth (G.S.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (N.L.M.), the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (J.D.M.), and the Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton (J.S.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (E.M.); the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (J.S.A.); and Auckland City Hospital and the University of Auckland - both in Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hobbes B, Akseer S, Pikula A, Huszti E, Devereaux PJ, Horlick E, Abrahamyan L. Risk of Perioperative Stroke in Patients with Patent Foramen Ovale: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Can J Cardiol 2022; 38:1189-1200. [PMID: 35247468 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common congenital cardiac abnormality. Risk of stroke increases perioperatively; however, the association of PFO with perioperative stroke risk remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review to inform the risk of perioperative stroke in patients with PFO undergoing surgery. METHODS EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to January 2020. We described methods used for establishing PFO and perioperative stroke diagnosis. We conducted meta-analyses to obtain pooled estimates for risk of stroke in patients with and without PFO in different surgical populations. RESULTS Ten articles with a total of 20,858,011 patients met the eligibility criteria. Prevalence of PFO ranged from 0.06-1.4% based on ICD code diagnosis and 10.4-40.4% based on echocardiography diagnosis. Perioperative stroke was observed in 0-25% of patients with PFO, and 0-16.7% without PFO. Studies that use echocardiography to diagnose PFO found no association between PFO and perioperative stroke. Studies that used ICD codes, found strong association but were highly heterogenous. PFO was not associated with a risk of perioperative stroke in cardiac and transplant surgeries. While the adjusted odds ratios for stroke were substantial for orthopedic, general, genitourinary, neuro, and thoracic surgeries (with PFO status established based on ICD codes), data heterogeneity and quality of data create significant uncertainty. CONCLUSION In conclusion, PFO is likely a risk factor for perioperative stroke in select types of surgeries. However, this is based on a very low-quality evidence. Rigorous, prospective studies are needed to further investigate this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hobbes
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Selai Akseer
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Pikula
- Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ella Huszti
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Biostatistics Research Unit, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Departments of Medicine, and Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Horlick
- Toronto Congenital Cardiac Centre for Adults, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (PMCC), UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lusine Abrahamyan
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Marcucci M, Painter TW, Conen D, Leslie K, Lomivorotov VV, Sessler D, Chan MTV, Borges FK, Martínez Zapata MJ, Wang CY, Xavier D, Ofori SN, Landoni G, Efremov S, Kleinlugtenbelt YV, Szczeklik W, Schmartz D, Garg AX, Short TG, Wittmann M, Meyhoff CS, Amir M, Torres D, Patel A, Duceppe E, Ruetzler K, Parlow JL, Tandon V, Wang MK, Fleischmann E, Polanczyk CA, Jayaram R, Astrakov SV, Rao M, VanHelder T, Wu WKK, Cheong CC, Ayad S, Abubakirov M, Kirov M, Bhatt K, de Nadal M, Likhvantsev V, Iglesisas PP, Aguado HJ, McGillion M, Lamy A, Whitlock RP, Roshanov P, Stillo D, Copland I, Vincent J, Balasubramanian K, Bangdiwala SI, Biccard B, Kurz A, Srinathan S, Petit S, Eikelboom J, Richards T, Gross PL, Alfonsi P, Guyatt G, Belley-Cote E, Spence J, McIntyre W, Yusuf S, Devereaux PJ. Rationale and design of the PeriOperative ISchemic Evaluation-3 (POISE-3): a randomized controlled trial evaluating tranexamic acid and a strategy to minimize hypotension in noncardiac surgery. Trials 2022; 23:101. [PMID: 35101083 PMCID: PMC8805242 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05992-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
For patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, bleeding and hypotension are frequent and associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular complications. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent with the potential to reduce surgical bleeding; however, there is uncertainty about its efficacy and safety in noncardiac surgery. Although usual perioperative care is commonly consistent with a hypertension-avoidance strategy (i.e., most patients continue their antihypertensive medications throughout the perioperative period and intraoperative mean arterial pressures of 60 mmHg are commonly accepted), a hypotension-avoidance strategy may improve perioperative outcomes.
Methods
The PeriOperative Ischemic Evaluation (POISE)-3 Trial is a large international randomized controlled trial designed to determine if TXA is superior to placebo for the composite outcome of life-threatening, major, and critical organ bleeding, and non-inferior to placebo for the occurrence of major arterial and venous thrombotic events, at 30 days after randomization. Using a partial factorial design, POISE-3 will additionally determine the effect of a hypotension-avoidance strategy versus a hypertension-avoidance strategy on the risk of major cardiovascular events, at 30 days after randomization. The target sample size is 10,000 participants. Patients ≥45 years of age undergoing noncardiac surgery, with or at risk of cardiovascular and bleeding complications, are randomized to receive a TXA 1 g intravenous bolus or matching placebo at the start and at the end of surgery. Patients, health care providers, data collectors, outcome adjudicators, and investigators are blinded to the treatment allocation. Patients on ≥ 1 chronic antihypertensive medication are also randomized to either of the two blood pressure management strategies, which differ in the management of patient antihypertensive medications on the morning of surgery and on the first 2 days after surgery, and in the target mean arterial pressure during surgery. Outcome adjudicators are blinded to the blood pressure treatment allocation. Patients are followed up at 30 days and 1 year after randomization.
Discussion
Bleeding and hypotension in noncardiac surgery are common and have a substantial impact on patient prognosis. The POISE-3 trial will evaluate two interventions to determine their impact on bleeding, cardiovascular complications, and mortality.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03505723. Registered on 23 April 2018.
Collapse
|