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Wang X, Zhong P, Liu M, Zhang C, Yang S. A novel method-based reinforcement learning with deep temporal difference network for flexible double shop scheduling problem. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9047. [PMID: 38641689 PMCID: PMC11031591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper studies the flexible double shop scheduling problem (FDSSP) that considers simultaneously job shop and assembly shop. It brings about the problem of scheduling association of the related tasks. To this end, a reinforcement learning algorithm with a deep temporal difference network is proposed to minimize the makespan. Firstly, the FDSSP is defined as the mathematical model of the flexible job-shop scheduling problem joined to the assembly constraint level. It is translated into a Markov decision process that directly selects behavioral strategies according to historical machining state data. Secondly, the proposed ten generic state features are input into the deep neural network model to fit the state value function. Similarly, eight simple constructive heuristics are used as candidate actions for scheduling decisions. From the greedy mechanism, optimally combined actions of all machines are obtained for each decision step. Finally, a deep temporal difference reinforcement learning framework is established, and a large number of comparative experiments are designed to analyze the basic performance of this algorithm. The results showed that the proposed algorithm was better than most other methods, which contributed to solving the practical production problem of the manufacturing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Peisi Zhong
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
| | - Mei Liu
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Centre, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Shihao Yang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
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Ren JW, Xu J, Huang X, Xu M, Chen MY, Wang Y, Wang W, Zhong P. [Analysis of the influencing factors of short-term and long-term facial nerve function after vestibular schwannoma resection via suboccipital retrosigmoid approach]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2023; 58:1183-1190. [PMID: 38186092 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20231015-00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To summarize the experience of facial nerve(FN) preservation in microsurgical treatment of vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection via suboccipital retrosigmoid approach and to analyze the influencing factors of facial function prognosis in short-term and long-term period. Methods: Patients with VS who underwent microsurgery via suboccipital retrosigmoid approach by the skull base surgery team in Huashan Hospital from January 2013 to February 2018 were enrolled. A total of 308 patients were included in this study, including 132 males and 176 females. The average age was 47.9 year-old (Range: 17-79 year-old). The patient's clinical data and FN function prognosis were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analysis by SPSS 23.0 statistical software were performed to evaluate the factors affecting facial function prognosis and its recovery. Results: Gross total resection was achieved in 304 cases, and subtotal resection was in 4 cases. The facial nerve preservation rate anatomically was 99.4%. The facial nerve of 2 cases was thin due to large tumor compression and severed, and a one-stage reconstruction was performed during surgery.Of the 308 patients, 300 cases were successfully followed up, and 8 cases were lost to follow-up. The mean follow-up time was 52 months. In short-term (2 weeks after surgery), satisfactory facial nerve function (House-Brackmann (H-B) grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ) was achieved in 96 cases, and 212 cases were unsatisfactory function (H-B grade Ⅲ-Ⅵ). After 1 year, 198 were satisfactory function and 97 were unsatisfactory. After 3 years, 219 were satisfactory function and 75 were unsatisfactory. Five years later, 155 were satisfactory function and 34 were unsatisfactory. According to the results of logistic regression analysis, the impact factors of FN function in short-term were tumor size (P=0.011) and stimulation threshold (ST) of EMG monitoring (P<0.001). The impact factors in long-term were tumor size (P=0.005), ST of EMG monitoring (P=0.005) and FN rehabilitation training. Conclusions: Tumor diameter is an independent factor related to FN function, and the larger the tumor, the worse the postoperative FN function. The ST of EMG (ST≤0.05 mA) can predict short-term and long-term FN function. The systematic facial rehabilitation training can effectively promote the recovery of FN after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Lab. of Brain Function and Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - J Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Lab. of Brain Function and Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - X Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Lab. of Brain Function and Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - M Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Lab. of Brain Function and Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - M Y Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Lab. of Brain Function and Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Lab. of Brain Function and Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - W Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - P Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Lab. of Brain Function and Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Xiao BJ, Zhuang JH, Zhong P, Bi Y. [Characteristics of autonomic neuropathy in patients with vestibular migraine]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 103:671-676. [PMID: 36858367 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20220726-01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the characteristics of autonomic neuropathy in patients with vestibular migraine (VM) by sympathetic skin reflex (SSR) and R-R interval variation (RRIV). Methods: Seventy-three patients with interseizure VM and 36 healthy controls in the Department of Neurology affiliated to Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital of Tongji University from November 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021 were prospectively enrolled. SSR and RRIV were performed and relevant parameters were recorded, including SSR latency, SSR amplitude, RRIV during calm breathing (R%), RRIV during deep breathing (D%), RRIV difference between deep breathing and calm breathing (D%-R%), RRIV ratio between deep breathing and calm breathing (D%/R%), and the difference and correlation of various parameters between VM patients and healthy controls were analyzed. Results: Among the 73 patients with VM, there were 12 males and 61 females, and aged (46±13) years. While among 36 healthy controls, there were 6 males and 30 females, and aged (46±7) years. Among the 73 VM patients, abnormal SSR, abnormal RRIV, abnormal SSR and RRIV, and abnormal SSR or RRIV was detected in 38 cases (52%), 17 cases (23%), 11 cases (15%) and 44 cases (60%), respectively. Compared with healthy controls, the lower extremity SSR latency [(1 719±289) ms] in VM patients was longer than that in control group [(1 500±349) ms] (P=0.001), but the upper extremity SSR amplitude [1.6 (0.8, 3.0) mV] was lower than that in control group [2.6 (1.8, 4.2) mV] (P=0.006). SSR amplitude, R% and D% were negatively correlated with age in VM patients (rs=-0.311, P=0.007; rs=-0.237, P=0.043; rs=-0.263, P=0.024, respectively). SSR of lower extremity in VM patients was longer than that of upper extremity [(1 719±289) ms vs (1 244±185) ms, P<0.001], but the amplitude of lower extremity was lower than that of upper extremity [0.8 (0.3, 1.7) mV vs 1.6 (0.8, 3.0) mV, P<0.001]. SSR latency of upper limb was positively correlated with SSR latency of lower limb (r=0.436, P<0.001), the amplitude of upper limb was positively correlated with amplitude of lower limb (rs=0.456, P<0.001), and D% was positively correlated with R% (rs=0.357, P=0.002). Conclusion: The autonomic neuropathy during VM interphase features with imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, and the sympathetic nerve function is mainly impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China Department of Neurology, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - J H Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - P Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Y Bi
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
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Xu Y, Zhong P, Hua J, Cai S, Yang YM, Ding Y. [A case report of neck congenital fibrosarcoma in newborns]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2022; 57:998-999. [PMID: 36058669 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20211103-00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital,Chengdu 6117311, China
| | - P Zhong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital,Chengdu 6117311, China
| | - J Hua
- Department of Pathology, Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu 6117311, China
| | - S Cai
- Department of Pathology, Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu 6117311, China
| | - Y M Yang
- Department of B-Ultrasound Room, Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu 6117311, China
| | - Yumei Ding
- Department of Radiology Department, Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu 6117311, China
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Wu Q, Qu M, Zhong P, Zeng Y, Wang J, Zhang Q, Wang T, Liu D, Yang L, Zhou J, Wang T. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Activity of Ultra-Short Wave Diathermy on LPS-Induced Rat Lung Injury. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 172:423-429. [PMID: 35175488 PMCID: PMC8853088 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05407-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We studied the lung-protective effect and mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of ultra-short-wave diathermy (USWD) in a rat model of LPS-induced acute lung injury. Histological examination of the lung tissues was performed and the levels of oxidative stress-related factors and inflammatory cytokines were measured. It was shown that the lung injury score, the lung wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D), oxidative stress-related factors malondialdehyde and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), and inflammatory cytokines were increased after LPS administration, while USWD treatment reduced these parameters. In addition, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase 4 were decreased in rats with LPS-induced acute lung injury, while USWD therapy up-regulated the expression of these enzymes. Thus, USWD could antagonize lung injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory response in rats with acute lung injury. USWD can be a promising adjunctive treatment to counter oxidative stress and inflammation and a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of patients with this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - M Qu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - P Zhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Y Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - J Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Q Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - D Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - L Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - J Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Chen Z, Zhong P, Liu M, Sun H, Shang K. A novel hybrid approach for product concept evaluation based on rough numbers, shannon entropy and TOPSIS-PSI. IFS 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-210184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to help the designers to make decisions in the early stage of new product development. Design concept evaluation is very critical in design process, it may affect the later stages. However, facing to uncertain circumstance, mostly, the raw data in early stage are subjective and imprecise. This work proposes a novel approach to solve this problem. The whole work is based on rough numbers, Shannon entropy, technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution method and preference selection index method. Firstly, rough numbers and Shannon entropy are integrated to determine the weight of evaluation criteria based on their interrelationships. After that, a novel technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution method improved by rough numbers and preference selection index method is proposed to evaluate and rank the alternatives. Then, a comparative case is carried out with proposed method and two other methods in this study. The comparation of evaluation processes indicates that the proposed method’s advantage. Compared the other methods, proposed approach is objective, simple and do not need additional input. The results of three methods are similar. It means that the proposed method is not only effective and efficient in design concept evaluation, but also can save time and cost in the early stage of new product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Center, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peisi Zhong
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Center, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Kai Shang
- Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
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Aubin F, Cervoni J, Alby-Lepresle B, Weil D, Zhong P, Wendling D, Toussirot E, Carbonnel F, Blondet R, Thévenot T, Monnet E, Cales P, Di Martino V. Évaluation non invasive de la fibrose hépatique chez des patients atteints de psoriasis, polyarthrite rhumatoïde ou maladie de Crohn traités par méthotrexate. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2020.09.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Liu D, Li C, Fan B, Zhong P. Dynamic analysis of the arbitrary position of a particle robot around an inclined pipe based on virtual joints. INT J ADV ROBOT SYST 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1729881419898588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the movement of a robot on the outside of a pipe, it either exhibits linear or rotating motion along the axis of the pipe. In this process, not only is there conversion between kinetic energy, potential energy, resistance power consumption, and external work, but there are also complex mechanical relationships that occur. To solve the dynamic problems of the out-pipe climbing robot in space, the axis and diameter of the pipe were simplified to the virtual joints of a robot with zero mass, and the virtual dynamic model of the robot in space has been established. According to the vector of the arbitrary position of a particle robot around an inclined pipe, combined with the improved Lagrange–Newton–Euler method, the system’s dynamic equation that includes friction has been established, and the required driving force for an arbitrary position of the robot in the process of circling an inclined pipe has been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengbiao Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Tai’an, China
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Cuiyun Li
- Department of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Tai’an, China
| | - Binghui Fan
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Peisi Zhong
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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9
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Seo JS, Zhong P, Liu A, Yan Z, Greengard P. Correction: Elevation of p11 in lateral habenula mediates depression-like behavior. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:3451-3452. [PMID: 31636379 PMCID: PMC7962569 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0538-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-S. Seo
- grid.134907.80000 0001 2166 1519Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY USA
| | - P. Zhong
- grid.273335.30000 0004 1936 9887Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - A. Liu
- grid.273335.30000 0004 1936 9887Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Z. Yan
- grid.273335.30000 0004 1936 9887Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - P. Greengard
- grid.134907.80000 0001 2166 1519Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY USA
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Abstract
Understanding the response of solid materials to shock loading is important for mitigating shock-induced damages and failures, as well as advancing the beneficial use of shock waves for material modifications. In this paper, we consider a representative brittle material, BegoStone, in the form of cylindrical bodies and submerged in water. We present a computational study on the causal relationship between the prescribed shock load and the resulting elastic waves and damage in the solid material. A recently developed three-dimensional computational framework, FIVER, is employed, which couples a finite volume compressible fluid solver with a finite element structural dynamics solver through the construction and solution of local, one-dimensional fluid-solid Riemann problems. The material damage and fracture are modeled and simulated using a continuum damage mechanics model and an element erosion method. The computational model is validated in the context of shock wave lithotripsy and the results are compared with experimental data. We first show that after calibrating the growth rate of microscopic damage and the threshold for macroscopic fracture, the computational framework is capable of capturing the location and shape of the shock-induced fracture observed in a laboratory experiment. Next, we introduce a new phenomenological model of shock waveform, and present a numerical parametric study on the effects of a single shock load, in which the shock waveform, magnitude, and the size of the target material are varied. In particular, we vary the waveform gradually from one that features non-monotonic decay with a tensile phase to one that exhibits monotonic decay without a tensile phase. The result suggests that when the length of the shock pulse is comparable to that of the target material, the former waveform may induce much more significant damage than the latter one, even if the two share the same magnitude, duration, and acoustic energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Cao
- Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Y. Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 90271, United States
| | - D. Liao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 90271, United States
| | - P. Zhong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 90271, United States
| | - K. G. Wang
- Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
- Corresponding author (K. G. Wang)
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Abstract
Attention maps have been fused in the VggNet structure (EAC-Net) [1] and have shown significant improvement compared to that of the VggNet structure. However, in [1], E-Net was designed based on the facial action unit (AU) center and for facial AU detection only. Thus, for the use of attention maps in every image type, this paper proposed a new convolutional neural network (CNN) structure, P_VggNet, comprising the following parts: P_Net and VggNet with 16 layers (VggNet-16). The generation approach of P_Net was designed, and the P_VggNet structure was proposed. To prove the efficiency of P_VggNet, we designed two experiments, which indicated that P_VggNet could more efficiently extract image features than VggNet-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhua Liu
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Center, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong province, China
| | - Peisi Zhong
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Center, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong province, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yi Zheng
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Center, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong province, China
| | - Kaige Yang
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Center, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong province, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Center, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong province, China
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12
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Lau SY, Siau JW, Sobota RM, Wang CI, Zhong P, Lane DP, Ghadessy FJ. Synthetic 10FN3-based mono- and bivalent inhibitors of MDM2/X function. Protein Eng Des Sel 2018; 31:301-312. [PMID: 30169723 PMCID: PMC6277172 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzy018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered non-antibody scaffold proteins constitute a rapidly growing technology for diagnostics and modulation/perturbation of protein function. Here, we describe the rapid and systematic development of high-affinity 10FN3 domain inhibitors of the MDM2 and MDMX proteins. These are often overexpressed in cancer and represent attractive drug targets. Using facile in vitro expression and pull-down assay methodology, numerous design iterations addressing insertion site(s) and spacer length were screened for optimal presentation of an MDM2/X dual peptide inhibitor in the 10FN3 scaffold. Lead inhibitors demonstrated robust, on-target cellular inhibition of MDM2/X leading to activation of the p53 tumor suppressor. Significant improvement to target engagement was observed by increasing valency within a single 10FN3 domain, which has not been demonstrated previously. We further established stable reporter cell lines with tunable expression of EGFP-fused 10FN3 domain inhibitors, and showed their intracellular location to be contingent on target engagement. Importantly, competitive inhibition of MDM2/X by small molecules and cell-penetrating peptides led to a readily observable phenotype, indicating significant potential of the developed platform as a robust tool for cell-based drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- S -Y Lau
- p53 Laboratory (p53Lab), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J W Siau
- p53 Laboratory (p53Lab), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - R M Sobota
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Dr, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C -I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - P Zhong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D P Lane
- p53 Laboratory (p53Lab), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - F J Ghadessy
- p53 Laboratory (p53Lab), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Seo JS, Zhong P, Liu A, Yan Z, Greengard P. Elevation of p11 in lateral habenula mediates depression-like behavior. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1113-1119. [PMID: 28507317 PMCID: PMC5690885 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The lateral habenula (LHb) is a key brain region involved in the pathophysiology of depression. It is activated by stimuli associated with negative experiences and is involved in encoding aversive signals. Hyperactivity of LHb is found in both rodent models of depression and human patients with depression. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here we show that in LHb neurons, p11, a multifunctional protein implicated in depression, is significantly upregulated by chronic restraint stress. Knockdown of p11 expression in LHb alleviates the stress-induced depression-like behaviors. Moreover, chronic restraint stress induces bursting action potentials in LHb neurons, which are abolished by p11 knockdown. Overexpression of p11 in dopamine D2 receptor-containing LHb neurons of control mice induces depression-like behaviors. These results have identified p11 in LHb as a key molecular determinant regulating negative emotions, which may help to understand the molecular and cellular basis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-S Seo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY USA
| | - P Zhong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - A Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Z Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - P Greengard
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY USA
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Jiang XL, Zhong P, Huang CL, He F, Fan XM, Chen XR. [The relationship between nutritional status and oxidative stress markers, pulmonary function in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2017; 40:40-45. [PMID: 28100361 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between the nutritional status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the levels of serum oxidative stress markers protein carbonyls (PC), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and pulmonary function. Methods: 200 patients with stable COPD (the COPD group) and 100 healthy individuals (the control group) who visited during June 2014 and August 2014 were enrolled in our study. The levels of PC, MDA, 8-OHdG and TAC in serum were detected. Pulmonary function was tested. Nutritional status was assessed by mini nutritional assessment (MNA) that classified the nutrition class. Results: The levels of PC, MDA, and 8-OHdG in serum increased significantly in the COPD group [3.82 (1.79, 6.83) μg/L, 3.89(2.77, 5.40) μmol/L and 359.18(259.25, 587.85) ng/L, respectively], and the levels of TAC in serum decreased significantly in COPD group [11.35(4.81, 20.20)U/ml], as compared with the control group [2.29(1.08, 3.26) μg/L, 3.08(2.32, 4.03) μmol/L, 311.37(265.47, 374.08) ng/L and 18.81(15.21, 23.19) U/ml, respectively, all P<0.05]. All the nutrition assessment parameters were gradually decreased as nutritional status worsen (all P<0.05). In malnourished (risk) COPD subgroup, the levels of PC and TAC in serum increased significantly [6.10(3.02, 8.18) μg/L and 13.33(6.07, 23.96) U/ml, respectively] and the FEV(1)% and FEV(1)/FVC index decreased significantly [42.90(34.68, 71.23) and 46.96(38.96, 60.63), respectively] as compared the well-nourished COPD subgroup [3.25(1.61, 5.37) μg/L, 9.99(4.41, 16.77) U/ml, 69.10(45.95, 89.23) and 53.32(42.13, 63.15), all P<0.05]. Furthermore, we had found that the upper arm muscle circumference, calf circumference and BMI were positively correlated with MNA (r=0.498, 0.587, 0.781, P<0.001), negatively correlated with PC (r=-0.209, -0.195, -0.231, P<0.05) and positively correlated with FEV(1)% (r=0.223, 0.274, 0.350, P<0.05). The upper arm muscle circumference and BMI were positively correlated with FEV(1)/FVC (r=0.166, 0.224, P<0.05). In COPD group, the level of PC in serum and FEV(1)% were important factor in MNA score, and the impacts of FEV(1)% were greater than the level of PC(β=0.367, -0.304, P<0.001). Conclusion: The protein carbonylation and airflow limitation might be closely related to malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Jiang
- Second Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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Huang X, Ji KY, Xu J, Shao CH, Wang W, Xu M, Chen DQ, Chen MY, Zhong P. [The surgical management of giant intracranial vestibular schwannoma via retrosigmoid approach: a retrospective review of 657 cases]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017; 51:401-7. [PMID: 27345873 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss the surgical technique and common complications from the microsurgical treatment of giant intracranial vestibular schwannoma via suboccipital retrosigmoid approach and to propose strategies for minimizing such complications. METHODS Surgical outcomes and complications were evaluated in a consecutive series of 657 unilateral giant vestibular schwannomas treated in Shanghai Huashan Hospital via suboccipital retrosigmoid approach from 1999 to 2014. According to the international classification of vestibular schwannoma, giant tumor means tumor's size over 4 cm in diameter. Clinical status and complications were assessed postoperatively within 14 days and at follow-ups (range, 6-191 months; mean, 59.6 months). RESULTS Follow-up data were available for 566 of the 657 patients (86.1%). The most frequent clinical symptoms were hearing loss in different levels (100%), deafness (36.4%), facial numbness (68.8%). Total tumor resection was achieved in 556 patients (84.6%), subtotal resection in 99 patients (15.1%), and partial resection in 2 patients (0.3%). The common postoperative complications included new deafness (49.6%), intracranial infection (7.6%), low cranial nerve defect (7.5%) and pneumonia (6.2%). The facial nerve was preserved anatomically in 589 cases (89.6%) after operation, and the functional valuation of facial nerve according to postoperative House-Brackmann showed 216 patients (32.9%) in grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ, 308 cases (46.9%) in grade Ⅲ, 133 patients (20.2%) in grade Ⅳ-Ⅵ. Long-term followed-up results showed 428 patients (75.6%) in grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ one year after surgical treatment. CONCLUSIONS Many of these complications are avoidable. Surgical experiences and the clinical anatomy of the approach, accompany with using intraoperative nerve monitoring, preoperatively study the individual imaging and clinical data and multidisciplinary cooperation are the key points to avoid the complications of giant intracranial vestibular schwannoma via suboccipital retrosigmoid approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - K Y Ji
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - J Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - C H Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - W Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - M Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - D Q Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - M Y Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - P Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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16
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Zhong P, Kai-Ke T, Le-Yuan W, Hong Z, Yang C, Jing W, Bin Z, Yu-Chuan Y, Gang C, Zhi-Yong S. [Epidemic situation of imported malaria in Chengdu City from 2012 to 2016]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2017; 29:502-504. [PMID: 29508592 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2017018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective To understand the malaria epidemic situation in Chengdu City, so as to provide the evidence for effectively carrying out the malaria elimination work. Methods The data of imported malaria in Chengdu City from 2012 to 2016 were collected from the Disease Surveillance Information Reporting System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and analyzed respectively. Results A total of 240 imported malaria cases were reported in Chengdu City from 2012 to 2016. In detail, 68.75% of the cases were falciparum malaria cases, 20.41% were vivax malaria cases, 2.50% were quartan malaria cases, 6.25% were ovale malaria cases, and 2.08% were mixed Plasmodium infections. Among them three patients died, with a mortality of 1.25%. All of the cases were infected overseas, among which 224 patients returned from Africa and 16 patients from Southeast Asia. The annual average morbidity was 0.28/100 000, and there was a significantly difference among annual average morbidities (χ2 = 23.87, P < 0.001). There were malaria cases reported in every month, and no significantly difference among seasons (χ2 = 0.833, P > 0.05). Conclusion The number of overseas imported malaria in Chengdu City increases year by year. The effective measures to control the overseas imported malaria should be strengthened to consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhong
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - T Kai-Ke
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Le-Yuan
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z Hong
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - C Yang
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Jing
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z Bin
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Yu-Chuan
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - C Gang
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - S Zhi-Yong
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
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Zhong P, Sun DM, Wu DH, Li TM, Liu XY, Liu HY. Serum total bilirubin levels are negatively correlated with metabolic syndrome in aged Chinese women: a community-based study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e5252. [PMID: 28146216 PMCID: PMC5304216 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated serum total bilirubin levels as a predictor for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and investigated the relationship between serum total bilirubin levels and MetS prevalence. This cross-sectional study included 1728 participants over 65 years of age from Eastern China. Anthropometric data, lifestyle information, and previous medical history were collected. We then measured serum levels of fasting blood-glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and total bilirubin, as well as alanine aminotransferase activity. The prevalence of MetS and each of its individual component were calculated per quartile of total bilirubin level. Logistic regression was used to assess the correlation between serum total bilirubin levels and MetS. Total bilirubin level in the women who did not have MetS was significantly higher than in those who had MetS (P<0.001). Serum total bilirubin quartiles were linearly and negatively correlated with MetS prevalence and hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) in females (P<0.005). Logistic regression showed that serum total bilirubin was an independent predictor of MetS for females (OR: 0.910, 95%CI: 0.863-0.960; P=0.001). The present study suggests that physiological levels of serum total bilirubin might be an independent risk factor for aged Chinese women, and the prevalence of MetS and HTG are negatively correlated to serum total bilirubin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai TCM Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - D M Sun
- Puxing Community Health Service Centers, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - D H Wu
- Department of Neurology, the Third People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - T M Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai TCM Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - X Y Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai TCM Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - H Y Liu
- Pingliang Community Health Service Centers, Yangpu Area, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Serotonergic (5HT) neurons exert diverse and widespread functions in the brain. Dysfunction of the serotonergic system gives rise to a variety of mental illnesses including depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, autism and eating disorders. Here we show that human primary fibroblasts were directly converted to induced serotonergic (i5HT) neurons by the expression of Ascl1, Foxa2, Lmx1b and FEV. The transdifferentiation was enhanced by p53 knockdown and appropriate culture conditions including hypoxia. The i5HT neurons expressed markers for mature serotonergic neurons, had Ca(2+)-dependent 5HT release and selective 5HT uptake, exhibited spontaneous action potentials and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents. Application of serotonin significantly increased the firing rate of spontaneous action potentials, demonstrating the functional utility of i5HT neurons for studying serotonergic neurotransmission. The availability of human i5HT neurons will be very useful for research and drug discovery on many serotonin-related mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - H Jiang
- Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - P Zhong
- Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Z Yan
- Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - S Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China. E-mail:
| | - J Feng
- Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, 124 Sherman Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA E-mail:
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Xiong JY, Li SC, Sun YX, Zhang XS, Dong ZZ, Zhong P, Sun XR. Long-term treadmill exercise improves spatial memory of male APPswe/PS1dE9 mice by regulation of BDNF expression and microglia activation. Biol Sport 2015; 32:295-300. [PMID: 26681831 PMCID: PMC4672160 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1163692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that physical activity could delay or attenuate the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). But the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. To investigate the effect of long-term treadmill exercise on the spatial memory of AD mice and the possible role of β-amyloid, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and microglia in the effect, male APPswe/PS1dE9 AD mice aged 4 months were subjected to treadmill exercise for 5 months with 6 sessions per week and gradually increased load. A Morris water maze was used to evaluate the spatial memory. Expression levels of β-amyloid, BDNF and Iba-1 (a microglia marker) in brain tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. Sedentary AD mice and wildtype C57BL/6J mice served as controls. The results showed that 5-month treadmill exercise significantly decreased the escape latencies (P < 0.01 on the 4th day) and improved the spatial memory of the AD mice in the water maze test. Meanwhile, treadmill exercise significantly increased the number of BDNF-positive cells and decreased the ratios of activated microglia in both the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. However, treadmill exercise did not significantly alleviate the accumulation of β-amyloid in either the cerebral cortex or the hippocampus of the AD mice (P > 0.05). The study suggested that long-term treadmill exercise could improve the spatial memory of the male APPswe/PS1dE9 AD mice. The increase in BDNF-positive cells and decrease in activated microglia might underpin the beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Xiong
- School of Physical Education, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China ; Equal contribution
| | - S C Li
- School of Physical Education, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China ; Equal contribution
| | - Y X Sun
- Library of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China ; Equal contribution
| | - X S Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China ; Equal contribution
| | - Z Z Dong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - P Zhong
- Laboratory of Physiological Science, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - X R Sun
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China ; Institute of Aging Research, Dongguan Scientific Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
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Wei J, Yuen EY, Liu W, Li X, Zhong P, Karatsoreos IN, McEwen BS, Yan Z. Estrogen protects against the detrimental effects of repeated stress on glutamatergic transmission and cognition. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:588-98. [PMID: 23835908 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Converging evidence suggests that females and males show different responses to stress; however, little is known about the mechanism underlying the sexually dimorphic effects of stress. In this study, we found that young female rats exposed to 1 week of repeated restraint stress show no negative effects on temporal order recognition memory (TORM), a cognitive process controlled by the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which was contrary to the impairment in TORM observed in stressed males. Concomitantly, normal glutamatergic transmission and glutamate receptor surface expression in PFC pyramidal neurons were found in repeatedly stressed females, in contrast to the significant reduction seen in stressed males. The detrimental effects of repeated stress on TORM and glutamate receptors were unmasked in stressed females when estrogen receptors were inhibited or knocked down in PFC, and were prevented in stressed males with the administration of estradiol. Blocking aromatase, the enzyme for the biosynthesis of estrogen, revealed the stress-induced glutamatergic deficits and memory impairment in females, and the level of aromatase was significantly higher in the PFC of females than in males. These results suggest that estrogen protects against the detrimental effects of repeated stress on glutamatergic transmission and PFC-dependent cognition, which may underlie the stress resilience of females.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wei
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - E Y Yuen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - W Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - X Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - P Zhong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - I N Karatsoreos
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - B S McEwen
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Z Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Hsiao CT, Choi JK, Singh S, Chahine GL, Hay TA, Ilinskii YA, Zabolotskaya EA, Hamilton MF, Sankin G, Yuan F, Zhong P. Modelling single- and tandem-bubble dynamics between two parallel plates for biomedical applications. J Fluid Mech 2013; 716:10.1017/jfm.2012.526. [PMID: 24293683 PMCID: PMC3843546 DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2012.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Carefully timed tandem microbubbles have been shown to produce directional and targeted membrane poration of individual cells in microfluidic systems, which could be of use in ultrasound-mediated drug and gene delivery. This study aims at contributing to the understanding of the mechanisms at play in such an interaction. The dynamics of single and tandem microbubbles between two parallel plates is studied numerically and analytically. Comparisons are then made between the numerical results and the available experimental results. Numerically, assuming a potential flow, a three-dimensional boundary element method (BEM) is used to describe complex bubble deformations, jet formation, and bubble splitting. Analytically, compressibility and viscous boundary layer effects along the channel walls, neglected in the BEM model, are considered while shape of the bubble is not considered. Comparisons show that energy losses modify the bubble dynamics when the two approaches use identical initial conditions. The initial conditions in the boundary element method can be adjusted to recover the bubble period and maximum bubble volume when in an infinite medium. Using the same conditions enables the method to recover the full dynamics of single and tandem bubbles, including large deformations and fast re-entering jet formation. This method can be used as a design tool for future tandem-bubble sonoporation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.-T. Hsiao
- Dynaflow, Inc., 10621-J Iron Bridge Rd., Jessup, MD 20794, USA
- correspondence:
| | - J.-K. Choi
- Dynaflow, Inc., 10621-J Iron Bridge Rd., Jessup, MD 20794, USA
| | - S. Singh
- Dynaflow, Inc., 10621-J Iron Bridge Rd., Jessup, MD 20794, USA
| | - G. L. Chahine
- Dynaflow, Inc., 10621-J Iron Bridge Rd., Jessup, MD 20794, USA
| | - T. A. Hay
- Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78713, USA
| | - Yu. A. Ilinskii
- Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78713, USA
| | - E. A. Zabolotskaya
- Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78713, USA
| | - M. F. Hamilton
- Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78713, USA
| | - G. Sankin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Box 90300, NC 27708, USA
| | - F. Yuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Box 90300, NC 27708, USA
| | - P. Zhong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Box 90300, NC 27708, USA
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Smith N, Zhong P. Stone comminution correlates with the average peak pressure incident on a stone during shock wave lithotripsy. J Biomech 2012; 45:2520-5. [PMID: 22935690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the roles of lithotripter shock wave (LSW) parameters and cavitation in stone comminution, a series of in vitro fragmentation experiments have been conducted in water and 1,3-butanediol (a cavitation-suppressive fluid) at a variety of acoustic field positions of an electromagnetic shock wave lithotripter. Using field mapping data and integrated parameters averaged over a circular stone holder area (R(h)=7 mm), close logarithmic correlations between the average peak pressure (P(+(avg))) incident on the stone (D=10 mm BegoStone) and comminution efficiency after 500 and 1000 shocks have been identified. Moreover, the correlations have demonstrated distinctive thresholds in P(+(avg)) (5.3 MPa and 7.6 MPa for soft and hard stones, respectively), that are required to initiate stone fragmentation independent of surrounding fluid medium and LSW dose. These observations, should they be confirmed using other shock wave lithotripters, may provide an important field parameter (i.e., P(+(avg))) to guide appropriate application of SWL in clinics, and facilitate device comparison and design improvements in future lithotripters.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Smith
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Sciences, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Smith N, Sankin GN, Simmons WN, Nanke R, Fehre J, Zhong P. A comparison of light spot hydrophone and fiber optic probe hydrophone for lithotripter field characterization. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:014301. [PMID: 22299970 PMCID: PMC3281968 DOI: 10.1063/1.3678638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a newly developed light spot hydrophone (LSHD) in lithotripter field characterization was compared to that of the fiber optic probe hydrophone (FOPH). Pressure waveforms produced by a stable electromagnetic shock wave source were measured by the LSHD and FOPH under identical experimental conditions. In the low energy regime, focus and field acoustic parameters matched well between the two hydrophones. At clinically relevant high energy settings for shock wave lithotripsy, the measured leading compressive pressure waveforms matched closely with each other. However, the LSHD recorded slightly larger |P_| (p < 0.05) and secondary peak compressive pressures (p < 0.01) than the FOPH, leading to about 20% increase in total acoustic pulse energy calculated in a 6 mm radius around the focus (p = 0.06). Tensile pulse durations deviated ~5% (p < 0.01) due to tensile wave shortening from cavitation activity using the LSHD. Intermittent compression spikes and laser light reflection artifacts have been correlated to bubble activity based on simultaneous high-speed imaging analysis. Altogether, both hydrophones are adequate for lithotripter field characterization as specified by the international standard IEC 61846.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Smith
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
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Patel CA, Wang J, Wang X, Dong F, Zhong P, Luo PP, Wang KC. Parallel selection of antibody libraries on phage and yeast surfaces via a cross-species display. Protein Eng Des Sel 2011; 24:711-9. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzr034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Zilberman DE, Lipkin ME, Ferrandino MN, Simmons WN, Mancini JG, Raymundo ME, Zhong P, Preminger GM. The digital flexible ureteroscope: in vitro assessment of optical characteristics. Int Braz J Urol 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-55382011000300015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
In this paper the metal-assisted electrochemical etching of silicon is introduced. By electrochemical measurement and sequent simulation, it is revealed that the potential of the valence band maximum at the silicon/metal interface is more negative than that of the silicon/electrolyte interface. Accordingly, holes injected from the back contact are driven preferentially to the silicon/metal interface. Consequently, silicon below metal is electrochemically etched much faster than a naked silicon surface without metal coverage. Metals such as Ag and Cu have been utilized to catalyze the electrochemical etching. Feature sizes as small as 30 nm can be achieved by metal-assisted electrochemical etching. Meanwhile, the metal-assisted electrochemical etching method enables convenient control over the etching direction of non-(100) substrates, and facilitates the fabrication of orientation-modulated silicon nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z P Huang
- Functional Molecular Materials Center, Scientific Research Academy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Sankin G, Yuan F, Zhong P. Pulsating tandem microbubble for localized and directional single-cell membrane poration. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:078101. [PMID: 20868077 PMCID: PMC3771526 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.078101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of laser-generated tandem microbubble (maximum diameter of about 50 μm) with single (rat mammary carcinoma) cells is investigated in a 25-μm liquid layer. Antiphase and coupled oscillation of the tandem microbubble leads to the formation of alternating, directional microjets (with max microstreaming velocity of 10 m/s) and vortices (max vorticity of 350 000 s{-1}) in opposite directions. Localized and directional membrane poration (200 nm to 2 μm in pore size) can be produced by the tandem microbubble in an orientation and proximity-dependent manner, which is absent from a single oscillating microbubble of comparable size and at the same stand-off distance.
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29
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Simmons WN, Cocks FH, Zhong P, Preminger G. A composite kidney stone phantom with mechanical properties controllable over the range of human kidney stones. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2009; 3:130-3. [PMID: 19878912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel composite kidney stone phantom has been developed. This stone phantom is producible with mechanical properties mimicking the range of tensile fracture strength and acoustic properties of human kidney stones and is an inorganic/organic composite material, as are natural kidney stones. Diametral compression testing was used to measure tensile fracture strength, which determines the acoustic comminution behavior of kidney stones. Ultrasound transmission tests were made to characterize the acoustic properties of these stone phantoms. Both the tensile fracture strength (controllable from 1 to approximately 5 MPa) and acoustic properties (C(L) = 2700-4400 m/s and C(T)=1600-2300m/s) of these composite phantom stones match those of a wide variety of human kidney stones. These artificial stone phantoms should have wide utility in lithotripsy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- W N Simmons
- Duke University, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Durham, NC 27708-0300, USA
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30
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Lu X, Sankin G, Pua EC, Madden J, Zhong P. Activation of transgene expression in skeletal muscle by focused ultrasound. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 379:428-33. [PMID: 19118526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To correlate thermal dose from focused ultrasound (FUS) with gene expression and tissue injury, a temperature plateau strategy was employed. Plasmids encoding luciferase gene under the control of hsp70B promoter were transfected into the right gastrocnemius muscle in a rat via electroporation. One day after transfection, hind limbs were treated with 3.3-MHz focused ultrasound, using one of four different temperature plateaus with spatial-peak time-average focal temperatures (T(SPTA)) of 46 degrees C, 48 degrees C, 51 degrees C and 62 degrees C. The treatment duration at the plateau temperature was varied from 0 to 30s. Gene expression was analyzed in vivo one day following FUS treatment, and H&E staining was employed to assess tissue injury. Gene activation and tissue damage correlated closely with thermal dose. The highest level of gene activation was induced by FUS at T(SPTA)=51 degrees C for 20s, which was found to be statistically equivalent to that produced by water-bath hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Sciences, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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31
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Sankin GN, Zhong P. Interaction between shock wave and single inertial bubbles near an elastic boundary. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2006; 74:046304. [PMID: 17155170 PMCID: PMC1947943 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.74.046304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of laser-generated single inertial bubbles (collapse time = 121 mus) near a silicon rubber membrane with a shock wave (55 MPa in peak pressure and 1.7 mus in compressive pulse duration) is investigated. The interaction leads to directional, forced asymmetric collapse of the bubble with microjet formation toward the surface. Maximum jet penetration into the membrane is produced during the bubble collapse phase with optimal shock wave arrival time and stand-off distance. Such interaction may provide a unique acoustic means for in vivo microinjection, applicable to targeted delivery of macromolecules and gene vectors to biological tissues.
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32
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Zhang XG, Zhang XH, Zhong P. Crystal structure of 1-(2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-((3-bromophenyl) methyleneimino)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile, C18H8BrCl2F3N4. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2006. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2006.221.14.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Abstract
The interaction of a lithotripter shock wave (LSW) with laser-generated single vapor bubbles in water is investigated using high-speed photography and pressure measurement via a fiber-optic probe hydrophone. The interaction leads to nonspherical collapse of the bubble with secondary shock wave emission and microjet formation along the LSW propagation direction. The maximum pressure amplification is produced during the collapse phase of the bubble oscillation when the compressive pulse duration of the LSW matches with the forced collapse time of the bubble.
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34
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Heimbach D, Kourambas J, Zhong P, Jacobs J, Hesse A, Mueller SC, Delvecchio FC, Cocks FH, Preminger GM. The Use of Chemical Treatments for Improved Comminution of Artificial Stones. J Urol 2004; 171:1797-801. [PMID: 15076279 DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000118962.31123.fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The acoustic and mechanical properties of various stone compositions are significantly different and thus result in varying degrees of fragility. Consequently, results to shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) are influenced accordingly. We report the results of a study of fragility of various stone compositions, and the influence on each stone's baseline physical properties and fragility when exposed to various chemolytic solutions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Before SWL artificial stones of differing compositions were irrigated with various chemolytic solutions. Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) stones were treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), stones composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate hydrogen were treated with hemiacidrin, and stones made of uric acid (UA) were treated with tromethamine. Synthetic urine served as a control for all stone groups. Using an ultrasound transmission technique, longitudinal wave propagation speed was measured in all groups of artificial stones. Stone density was also measured by using a pycnometer (based on Archimedes' principle). Based on these measurements transverse (shear) wave speed (assuming a constant Poisson's ratio), wave impedance and dynamic mechanical properties of the artificial stones were calculated. Moreover, the microhardness of these artificial stones was measured, and fragility testing using SWL with and without pretreatment with the previously mentioned chemolytic solutions, was performed. RESULTS Wave speed, wave impedance, dynamic mechanical properties and microhardness of EDTA treated COM stones and tromethamine treated UA stones were found to decrease compared to untreated (synthetic urine) control groups. The suggestion that chemolytic pretreatment increases stone fragility was verified by the finding of increased stone comminution after SWL testing. Combining this medical pretreatment and SWL, the findings demonstrate a significant impact of various solvents on stone comminution, in particular EDTA treated COM stones, tromethamine treated UA stones and hemiacidrin treated magnesium ammonium phosphate hydrogen stones. These data suggest that by altering the chemical environment of the fluid surrounding the stones it is possible to increase the fragility of renal calculi in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that appropriate chemical treatments may provide a useful adjunctive modality for improving the efficacy of stone comminution during shock wave lithotripsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Heimbach
- Department of Urology, Section of Experimental Urology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lin
- School of the Environment, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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36
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Zhong P, Yan Z. Chronic antidepressant treatment alters serotonergic regulation of GABA transmission in prefrontal cortical pyramidal neurons. Neuroscience 2004; 129:65-73. [PMID: 15489029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin system is highly involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders such as depression and anxiety. Currently, the most widely used treatment for these illnesses is selective serotonin (5-HT)reuptake inhibitors, such as fluoxetine. Because of the multiplicity of 5-HT receptors and their different adaptive properties, the chronic effects of fluoxetine have remained unclear. In this study, we investigated the alteration of 5-HT functions by long-term antidepressant treatment in pyramidal neurons of prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain region crucial for the control of emotion and cognition. One prominent function of serotonin in PFC is to regulate GABAergic inhibitory transmission. Application of 5-HT induced a large, desensitizing enhancement of the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC), as well as a potent reduction of electrically evoked IPSC (eIPSC). Chronic fluoxetine treatment did not alter basal sIPSC, but reduced eIPSC in response to different stimulus strengths. Moreover, chronic (but not acute) fluoxetine treatment caused a much faster desensitization of the 5-HT effect on sIPSC, and significantly attenuated the 5-HT effect on eIPSC. Application of a 5-HT(2) receptor agonist produced similar effects as 5-HT on sIPSC and eIPSC, and these effects were similarly altered by long-term fluoxetine treatment. These electrophysiological results suggest that chronic antidepressant treatment resulted in a down-regulation of the synaptic function of forebrain 5-HT(2) receptors. Given the key role of GABAergic inhibitory transmission in controlling PFC functions, its altered regulation by serotonin after chronic fluoxetine treatment may provide a mechanism underlying the therapeutic action of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 124 Sherman Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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37
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Zhong P, Ding J, Zhang X. New Synthetic Route to Ketones from Camphene and -Pinene. Chem Nat Compd 2003. [DOI: 10.1023/b:conc.0000018108.77705.0c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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39
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Yang TB, Zhong P, Nie JL, Li JS, Qu LN, Li YH, Kan GH. Preparation and identification of specific and high-affinity monoclonal antibodies against morphine. Hybrid Hybridomics 2002; 21:197-201. [PMID: 12165146 DOI: 10.1089/153685902760173926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A C6-hemisuccinate derivative of morphine was prepared and conjugated to bovine serum albumin and ovalbumin. High titer antibody producing spleen cells were removed and fused with myeloma cells of SP2/0 origin. Using a conventional immunization protocol generated twenty-six stable murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) producing cell lines to morphine. The donor mouse produced antiserum with a high titer of 1/640,000. Twelve MAbs were selected for further characterization since they showed high sensitivities (53 pg/well to inhibit 50% of the tracer) in improved group-selective immunoassay (IGSI). The assay, which maintains high sensitivity, high precision, and a wide range of optical density (OD) values, was developed using the conjugate M-6-S-OVA to screen and characterize the anti-morphine MAbs. After four successive limiting dilutions, antibodies produced by 12 clones had high affinities ranging from 10(9) to 10(10) M(-1). These clones were found to be of Ig(G) class and IgM class with kappa and lambda light chain. Subclass determination showed that the clones produced IgG1, IgG2a, IgG3, and IgM types of antibody. One clone (2F8B11F2A12) was used to establish the calibration curve with a sensitivity of 400 pg/mL covering up to 25.6 ng/mL in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Yang
- 13th Department, Institute of Space Medico-Engineering, Beijing, China.
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40
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Garza-Ramos G, Xiong L, Zhong P, Mankin A. Binding site of macrolide antibiotics on the ribosome: new resistance mutation identifies a specific interaction of ketolides with rRNA. J Bacteriol 2001; 183:6898-907. [PMID: 11698379 PMCID: PMC95531 DOI: 10.1128/jb.183.23.6898-6907.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrolides represent a clinically important class of antibiotics that block protein synthesis by interacting with the large ribosomal subunit. The macrolide binding site is composed primarily of rRNA. However, the mode of interaction of macrolides with rRNA and the exact location of the drug binding site have yet to be described. A new class of macrolide antibiotics, known as ketolides, show improved activity against organisms that have developed resistance to previously used macrolides. The biochemical reasons for increased potency of ketolides remain unknown. Here we describe the first mutation that confers resistance to ketolide antibiotics while leaving cells sensitive to other types of macrolides. A transition of U to C at position 2609 of 23S rRNA rendered E. coli cells resistant to two different types of ketolides, telithromycin and ABT-773, but increased slightly the sensitivity to erythromycin, azithromycin, and a cladinose-containing derivative of telithromycin. Ribosomes isolated from the mutant cells had reduced affinity for ketolides, while their affinity for erythromycin was not diminished. Possible direct interaction of ketolides with position 2609 in 23S rRNA was further confirmed by RNA footprinting. The newly isolated ketolide-resistance mutation, as well as 23S rRNA positions shown previously to be involved in interaction with macrolide antibiotics, have been modeled in the crystallographic structure of the large ribosomal subunit. The location of the macrolide binding site in the nascent peptide exit tunnel at some distance from the peptidyl transferase center agrees with the proposed model of macrolide inhibitory action and explains the dominant nature of macrolide resistance mutations. Spatial separation of the rRNA residues involved in universal contacts with macrolides from those believed to participate in structure-specific interactions with ketolides provides the structural basis for the improved activity of the broader spectrum group of macrolide antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Garza-Ramos
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Illinois, 900 S. Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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41
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Zhong P, Zhou Y. Suppression of large intraluminal bubble expansion in shock wave lithotripsy without compromising stone comminution: methodology and in vitro experiments. J Acoust Soc Am 2001; 110:3283-3291. [PMID: 11785829 DOI: 10.1121/1.1416906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the potential of vascular injury without compromising the stone comminution capability of a Dornier HM-3 lithotripter, we have devised a method to suppress intraluminal bubble expansion via in situ pulse superposition. A thin shell ellipsoidal reflector insert was designed and fabricated to fit snugly into the original reflector of an HM-3 lithotripter. The inner surface of the reflector insert shares the same first focus with the original HM-3 reflector, but has its second focus located 5 mm proximal to the generator than that of the HM-3 reflector. With this modification, the original lithotripter shock wave is partitioned into a leading lithotripter pulse (peak positive pressure of 46 MPa and positive pulse duration of 1 micros at 24 kV) and an ensuing second compressive wave of 10 MPa peak pressure and 2 micros pulse duration, separated from each other by about 4 micros. Superposition of the two waves leads to a selective truncation of the trailing tensile component of the lithotripter shock wave, and consequently, a reduction in the maximum bubble expansion up to 41% compared to that produced by the original reflector. The pulse amplitude and -6 dB beam width of the leading lithotripter shock wave from the upgraded reflector at 24 kV are comparable to that produced by the original HM-3 reflector at 20 kV. At the lithotripter focus, while only about 30 shocks are needed to cause a rupture of a blood vessel phantom made of cellulose hollow fiber (i.d.=0.2 mm) using the original HM-3 reflector at 20 kV, no rupture could be produced after 200 shocks using the upgraded reflector at 24 kV. On the other hand, after 100 shocks the upgraded reflector at 24 kV can achieve a stone comminution efficiency of 22%, which is better than the 18% efficiency produced by the original reflector at 20 kV (p = 0.043). All together, it has been shown in vitro that the upgraded reflector can produce satisfactory stone comminution while significantly reducing the potential for vessel rupture in shock wave lithotripsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
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42
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Ma Z, Clark RF, Brazzale A, Wang S, Rupp MJ, Li L, Griesgraber G, Zhang S, Yong H, Phan LT, Nemoto PA, Chu DT, Plattner JJ, Zhang X, Zhong P, Cao Z, Nilius AM, Shortridge VD, Flamm R, Mitten M, Meulbroek J, Ewing P, Alder J, Or YS. Novel erythromycin derivatives with aryl groups tethered to the C-6 position are potent protein synthesis inhibitors and active against multidrug-resistant respiratory pathogens. J Med Chem 2001; 44:4137-56. [PMID: 11708916 DOI: 10.1021/jm0102349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of erythromycin derivatives has been discovered with potent activity against key respiratory pathogens, including those resistant to erythromycin. These compounds are characterized by having an aryl group tethered to the C-6 position of the erythronolide skeleton. Extensive structural modification of the C-6 moiety led to the discovery of several promising compounds with potent activity against both mef- and erm-mediated resistant Streptoccoccus pneumoniae. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that the new macrolides are potent protein synthesis inhibitors, which interact with methylated ribosomes isolated from resistant organisms. In experimental animal models, these compounds exhibited excellent in vivo efficacy and balanced pharmacokinetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ma
- Infectious Disease Research, Abbott Laboratories, 200 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-3537, USA.
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43
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Zhang H, Wang T, Chen JH, Wen XL, Zhong P, Song JP. [Effect of simulated weightlessness on the apoptosis of thymus cells in tail-suspended mice]. Space Med Med Eng (Beijing) 2001; 14:291-4. [PMID: 11681345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of simulated weightlessness on apoptosis of thymus cells in mice. METHOD Tail-suspended mice were used as an animal model of simulated weightlessness; chromosome breakage was measured by PI staining, and changes of cell membrane were determined by Annexin-V analysis. RESULT As compared with the control, there was no obvious chromosome breakage; the total number of apoptotic cells and number of early apoptotic cells increased in 1 d suspended group; the number of early apoptotic cells increased significantly and the total number of apoptotic cells increased very significantly in 2d suspended groups. CONCLUSION These results suggested that simulated weightlessness could promote apoptosis of thymus cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Institute of Space Medico-Engineering, Beijing 100094, China
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44
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Abstract
The bacterial ribosome is a target for a variety of drug classes including macrolides. Macrolide antibiotics are primarily used for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. One of the most important features of the macrolide class is the excellent safety profile allowing the drug to be used broadly across all age groups. The emergence of macrolide resistance, especially in S. pneumoniae, threatens the long-term usefulness of macrolide antibiotics. The newly developed ketolide class, including telithromycin and ABT-773, evolved from the macrolide class and displays significant improvements over macrolides while maintaining safety profiles similar to macrolides. The key improvement in antimicrobial spectrum is the in vitro potency against macrolide resistant pathogens, especially S. pneumoniae. This review outlines the key improvements of ketolides over macrolides in terms of in vitro microbiology, as well as the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles and updates the current understanding of drug-ribosome interactions. The application of cutting-edge technology such as ribosome structure-based rational drug design and genetic engineering are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhong
- Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA
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45
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Song JP, Zhong P, Wang T, Wen XL, Zhang H, Shen XY. [Protective effects of Chinese herb-compound on cellular immunological function (correction of funcion) in tail-suspended rats]. Space Med Med Eng (Beijing) 2001; 14:215-7. [PMID: 11892738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To observe the protective effects of two kinds of Chinese herb-compounds (Dan-huang-ci compound and Shen-chuan-shu compound) on cellular immunology in tail-suspended rats. Method. The rats were divided into: 1) normal control group; 2) tail-suspended group; 3) tail-suspended + Dan-huang-ci compound; and 4) tail-suspended + Shen-chuan-shu compound. Ability of lymphocyte proliferation and production of IL-2 in rats in the four groups were compared after 21 d. Result. The immunological function of tail-suspended control group decreased significantly as compared with normal control group. Shen-chuan-shu compound could improve immunological function of tail-suspended rats obviously. Conclusion. Shen-chuan-shu compound could enhance cellular immunological function in rats under simulated weightlessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Song
- Institute of Space Medico-Engineering, Beijing, China
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46
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Abstract
Photoelastic and shadowgraph imaging techniques were used to visualize the propagation and evolution of stress waves, and the resultant transient stress fields in solids during shock wave lithotripsy. In parallel, theoretical analysis of the wavefront evolution inside the solids was performed using a ray-tracing method. Excellent agreement between the theoretical prediction and experimental results was observed. Both the sample size and geometry were found to have a significant influence on the wave evolution and associated stress field produced inside the solid. In particular, characteristic patterns of spalling damage (i.e., transverse and longitudinal crack formation) were observed using plaster-of-Paris cylindrical phantoms of rectangular and circular cross sections. It was found that the leading tensile pulse of the reflected longitudinal wave is responsible for the initiation of microcracks in regions inside the phantom where high tensile stresses are produced. In addition, the transmitted shear wave was found to play a critical role in facilitating the extension and propagation of the microcrack.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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47
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Abstract
Rupture of small blood vessels is a primary feature of the vascular injury associated with shock-wave lithotripsy (SWL) and cavitation has been implicated as a potential mechanism. To understand more precisely the underlying mechanical cause of the injury, the dynamics of SWL-induced bubble dynamics in constrained media were investigated. Silicone tubing and regenerated cellulose hollow fibers of various inner diameters (0.2 to 1.5 mm) were used to fabricate vessel phantoms, which were placed in a test chamber filled with castor oil so that cavitation outside the phantom could be suppressed. Degassed water seeded with 0.2% Albunex contrast agent was circulated inside the vessel phantom, and intraluminal bubble dynamics during SWL were examined by high-speed shadowgraph imaging and passive cavitation detection via a 20-MHz focused transducer. It was observed that, in contrast to the typical large and prolonged expansion and violent inertial collapse of SWL-induced bubbles in a free field, the expansion of the bubbles inside the vessel phantom was significantly constrained, leading to asymmetric elongation of the bubbles along the vessel axis and, presumably, much weakened collapse. The severity of the constraint is vessel-size dependent, and increases dramatically when the inner diameter of the vessel becomes smaller than 300 microm. Conversely, the rapid, large intraluminal expansion of the bubbles causes a significant dilation of the vessel wall, leading to consistent rupture of the hollow fibers (i.d. = 200 microm) after less than 20 pulses of shock wave exposure in a XL-1 lithotripter. The rupture is dose-dependent, and varies with the spatial location of the vessel phantom in the lithotripter field. Further, when the large intraluminal bubble expansion was suppressed by inversion of the lithotripter pressure waveform, rupture of the hollow fiber could be avoided even after 100 shocks. Theoretical calculation of SWL-induced bubble dynamics in blood confirms that the propensity of vascular injury due to intraluminal bubble expansion increases with the tensile pressure of the lithotripter shock wave, and with the reduction of the inner diameter of the vessel. It is suggested that selective truncation of the tensile pressure of the shock wave may reduce tissue injury without compromising the fragmentation capability of the lithotripter pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0300, USA.
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48
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Bezprozvanny I, Zhong P, Scheller RH, Tsien RW. Molecular determinants of the functional interaction between syntaxin and N-type Ca2+ channel gating. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:13943-8. [PMID: 11087812 PMCID: PMC17680 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.220389697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntaxin is a key presynaptic protein that binds to N- and P/Q-type Ca(2+) channels in biochemical studies and affects gating of these Ca(2+) channels in expression systems and in synaptosomes. The present study was aimed at understanding the molecular basis of syntaxin modulation of N-type channel gating. Mutagenesis of either syntaxin 1A or the pore-forming alpha(1B) subunit of N-type Ca(2+) channels was combined with functional assays of N-type channel gating in a Xenopus oocyte coexpression system and in biochemical binding experiments in vitro. Our analysis showed that the transmembrane region of syntaxin and a short region within the H3 helical cytoplasmic domain of syntaxin, containing residues Ala-240 and Val-244, appeared critical for the channel modulation but not for biochemical association with the "synprint site" in the II/III loop of alpha(1B). These results suggest that syntaxin and the alpha(1B) subunit engage in two kinds of interactions: an anchoring interaction via the II/III loop synprint site and a modulatory interaction via another site located elsewhere in the channel sequence. The segment of syntaxin H3 found to be involved in the modulatory interaction would lie hidden within the four-helix structure of the SNARE complex, supporting the hypothesis that syntaxin's ability to regulate N-type Ca(2+) channels would be enabled after SNARE complex disassembly after synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
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Zhu S, Kourambas J, Munver R, Preminger GM, Zhong P. Quantification of the tip movement of lithotripsy flexible pneumatic probes. J Urol 2000; 164:1735-9. [PMID: 11025761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We developed an optical system to quantify in vitro tip movement of the Lithoclastdouble dagger flexible probe, and correlated various physical parameters of the vibrating probe tip with resultant stone fragmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A noncontact optical measurement system was developed to quantify in vitro tip movement of the Lithoclast flexible probe. This system and an in vitro fragmentation model were used to determine the tip displacement, velocity, impact momentum, impact energy and stone fragmentation of the flexible probe at 5 deflection angles between 0 and 48 degrees, and the 2 pneumatic pressure levels of 2.0 and 2.5 bar. RESULTS An increase in maximum probe tip displacement, velocity, impact momentum and energy, and stone fragmentation was seen as the pneumatic pressure was increased from 2.0 to 2.5 bar. A progressive decrease in these parameters was demonstrated as the probe tip was deflected, especially at deflection angles greater than 24 degrees. Impact momentum appears to be the physical parameter most closely correlated with stone fragmentation efficiency. CONCLUSIONS The optical measurement system and in vitro fragmentation model developed allow one to quickly and reliably assess the performance of flexible pneumatic probes in vitro. This system can be used for general bench testing and basic research that can provide critical information for the design of more effective and efficient flexible pneumatic lithotripsy probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Kidney Stone Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Zhong P, Wang Q, Sheng H. [Alteration of banked blood cholinesterase level and its significance in emergency treatment of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2000; 39:658-9. [PMID: 11374169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the relationship between the preservation days of banked blood and the alteration level of plasma cholinesterase with the aim of making proper selection of banked blood in emergency treatment of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP). METHODS We selected at random the banked blood that has been stored for different length of time before blood transfusion so as to determine the plasma cholinesterase value. The normal plasma cholinesterase value was determined on blood samples in the Blood Center which served as a control group. The cholinesterase value was determined with a kit of the BM Company and the Cobes-Fara II automatic analysor of the Roch Company. RESULTS It was found that there was no significant difference of plasma cholinesterase value between the one-day banked blood and the normal control group (P > 0.05), but the plasma cholinesterase values of the other experiment groups were all significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). As compared with the normal control group, the relative ratio with fixed base was about from 80 percent to 16 percent. It seems that the preservation days are in negative correlation with the cholinesterase value (r = -0.7929, P < 0.01). The curvilinear regression equation is Y = -1,823.3 Ln(X) +/- 6,229.4. CONCLUSION With the increase of the banked blood preservation days after blood sampling, the plasma cholinesterase value decreased gradually. So in the emergency treatment of severe AOPP, it is essential to use the fresh blood collected within one day, so as to avoid missing the chance of first-aid treatment. This study provides the experimental basis for emphasizing transfusion of fresh blood and ensuring transfusion of highly active cholinesterase in treating AOPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhong
- Department, Ganquan Hospital, College of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
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