1
|
Barnes JC, Moffitt TE, Tanksley PT, Tasharrofi S, Poulton R, Caspi A. Using risk of crime detection to study change in mechanisms of decision making. J Pers Soc Psychol 2024; 126:477-491. [PMID: 38647442 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Perceptions of crime detection risk (e.g., risk of arrest) play an integral role in the criminal decision-making process. Yet, the sources of variation in those perceptions are not well understood. Do individuals respond to changes in legal policy or is perception of detection risk shaped like other perceptions-by experience, heuristics, and with biases? We applied a developmental perspective to study self-reported perception of detection risk. We test four hypotheses against data from the Dunedin Longitudinal Study (analytic sample of N = 985 New Zealanders), a study that spans 20 years of development (Ages 18-38, years 1990-2011). We reach four conclusions: (1) people form their perception of detection risk early in the life course; (2) perception of detection risk may be general rather than unique to each crime type; (3) population-level perceptions are stable between adolescence and adulthood; but (4) people update their perceptions when their life circumstances change. The importance of these findings for future theoretical and policy work is considered. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Barnes
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati
| | | | | | | | - Richie Poulton
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Willems YE, deSteiguer A, Tanksley PT, Vinnik L, Fraemke D, Okbay A, Richter D, Wagner GG, Hertwig R, Koellinger P, Tucker-Drob EM, Harden KP, Raffington L. Self-control is associated with health-relevant disparities in buccal DNA-methylation measures of biological aging in older adults. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:22. [PMID: 38331797 PMCID: PMC10854186 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-control is a personality dimension that is associated with better physical health and a longer lifespan. Here, we examined (1) whether self-control is associated with buccal and saliva DNA-methylation (DNAm) measures of biological aging quantified in children, adolescents, and adults, and (2) whether biological aging measured in buccal DNAm is associated with self-reported health. Following preregistered analyses, we computed two DNAm measures of advanced biological age (principal-component PhenoAge and GrimAge Acceleration) and a DNAm measure of pace of aging (DunedinPACE) in buccal samples from the German Socioeconomic Panel Study (SOEP-G[ene], n = 1058, age range 0-72, Mage = 42.65) and saliva samples from the Texas Twin Project (TTP, n = 1327, age range 8-20, Mage = 13.50). We found that lower self-control was associated with advanced biological age in older adults (PhenoAge Acceleration β = - .34, [- .51, - .17], p < .001; GrimAge Acceleration β = - .34, [- .49, - .19], p < .001), but not young adults, adolescents or children. These associations remained statistically robust even after correcting for possible confounders such as socioeconomic contexts, BMI, or genetic correlates of low self-control. Moreover, a faster pace of aging and advanced biological age measured in buccal DNAm were associated with self-reported disease (PhenoAge Acceleration: β = .13 [.06, .19], p < .001; GrimAge Acceleration: β = .19 [.12, .26], p < .001; DunedinPACE: β = .09 [.02, .17], p = .01). However, effect sizes were weaker than observations in blood, suggesting that customization of DNAm aging measures to buccal and saliva tissues may be necessary. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that self-control is associated with health via pathways that accelerate biological aging in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y E Willems
- Max Planck Research Group Biosocial - Biology, Social Disparities, and Development, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - A deSteiguer
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | - P T Tanksley
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | - L Vinnik
- Max Planck Research Group Biosocial - Biology, Social Disparities, and Development, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Fraemke
- Max Planck Research Group Biosocial - Biology, Social Disparities, and Development, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Okbay
- School of Business and Economics, Economics Fellow, Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Richter
- SHARE Berlin Institute GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - G G Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- German Socio Economic Panel Study (SOEP), Berlin, Germany
| | - R Hertwig
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Koellinger
- School of Business and Economics, Economics Fellow, Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E M Tucker-Drob
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | - K P Harden
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | - Laurel Raffington
- Max Planck Research Group Biosocial - Biology, Social Disparities, and Development, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tanksley PT, Logan MW, Barnes JC. History of incarceration and age-related neurodegeneration: Testing models of genetic and environmental risks in a longitudinal panel study of older adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288303. [PMID: 38048316 PMCID: PMC10695383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
History of incarceration is associated with an excess of morbidity and mortality. While the incarceration experience itself comes with substantive health risks (e.g., injury, psychological stress, exposure to infectious disease), most individuals eventually return from prison to the general population where they will be diagnosed with the same age-related conditions that drive mortality in the non-incarcerated population but at exaggerated rates. However, the interplay between history of incarceration as a risk factor and more traditional risk factors for age-related diseases (e.g., genetic risk factors) has not been studied. Here, we focus on cognitive impairment, a hallmark of neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease, as an age-related state that may be uniquely impacted by the confluence of environmental stressors (e.g., incarceration) and genetic risk factors. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we found that incarceration and APOE-ε4 genotype (i.e., the chief genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease) both constituted substantive risk factors for cognitive impairment in terms of overall risk and earlier onset. The observed effects were mutually independent, however, suggesting that the risk conveyed by incarceration and APOE-ε4 genotype operate across different risk pathways. Our results have implications for the study of criminal-legal contact as a public health risk factor for age-related, neurodegenerative conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. Tanksley
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Matthew W. Logan
- School of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Texas Status University, San Marcos, TX, United States of America
| | - J. C. Barnes
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Williams CM, Poore H, Tanksley PT, Kweon H, Courchesne-Krak NS, Londono-Correa D, Mallard TT, Barr P, Koellinger PD, Waldman ID, Sanchez-Roige S, Harden KP, Palmer AA, Dick DM, Karlsson Linnér R. Guidelines for Evaluating the Comparability of Down-Sampled GWAS Summary Statistics. Behav Genet 2023; 53:404-415. [PMID: 37713023 PMCID: PMC10584908 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Proprietary genetic datasets are valuable for boosting the statistical power of genome-wide association studies (GWASs), but their use can restrict investigators from publicly sharing the resulting summary statistics. Although researchers can resort to sharing down-sampled versions that exclude restricted data, down-sampling reduces power and might change the genetic etiology of the phenotype being studied. These problems are further complicated when using multivariate GWAS methods, such as genomic structural equation modeling (Genomic SEM), that model genetic correlations across multiple traits. Here, we propose a systematic approach to assess the comparability of GWAS summary statistics that include versus exclude restricted data. Illustrating this approach with a multivariate GWAS of an externalizing factor, we assessed the impact of down-sampling on (1) the strength of the genetic signal in univariate GWASs, (2) the factor loadings and model fit in multivariate Genomic SEM, (3) the strength of the genetic signal at the factor level, (4) insights from gene-property analyses, (5) the pattern of genetic correlations with other traits, and (6) polygenic score analyses in independent samples. For the externalizing GWAS, although down-sampling resulted in a loss of genetic signal and fewer genome-wide significant loci; the factor loadings and model fit, gene-property analyses, genetic correlations, and polygenic score analyses were found robust. Given the importance of data sharing for the advancement of open science, we recommend that investigators who generate and share down-sampled summary statistics report these analyses as accompanying documentation to support other researchers' use of the summary statistics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille M Williams
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Holly Poore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Peter T Tanksley
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hyeokmoon Kweon
- Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Travis T Mallard
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Barr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Philipp D Koellinger
- Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irwin D Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - K Paige Harden
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
- Rutgers Addiction Research Centre, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Willems YE, deSteiguer A, Tanksley PT, Vinnik L, Främke D, Okbay A, Richter D, Wagner GG, Hertwig R, Koellinger P, Tucker-Drob EM, Harden KP, Raffington L. Self-control is associated with health-relevant disparities in buccal DNA-methylation measures of biological aging in older adults. medRxiv 2023:2023.08.30.23294816. [PMID: 37693450 PMCID: PMC10491374 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.30.23294816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-control is a personality dimension that is associated with better physical health and a longer lifespan. Here we examined (1) whether self-control is associated with buccal and saliva DNA-methylation (DNAm) measures of biological aging quantified in children, adolescents, and adults, and (2) whether biological aging measured in buccal DNAm is associated with self-reported health. Following preregistered analyses, we computed two DNAm measures of advanced biological age (PhenoAge and GrimAge Acceleration) and a DNAm measure of pace of aging (DunedinPACE) in buccal samples from the German Socioeconomic Panel Study (SOEP-G[ene], n = 1058, age range 0-72, Mage = 42.65) and saliva samples from the Texas Twin Project (TTP, n = 1327, age range 8-20, Mage = 13.50). We found that lower self-control was associated with advanced biological age in older adults (β =-.34), but not young adults, adolescents or children. This association was not accounted for by statistical correction for socioeconomic contexts, BMI, or genetic correlates of low self-control. Moreover, a faster pace of aging and advanced biological age measured in buccal DNAm were associated with worse self-reported health (β =.13 to β = .19). But, effect sizes were weaker than observations in blood, thus customization of DNAm aging measures to buccal and saliva tissues may be necessary. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that self-control is associated with health via pathways that accelerate biological aging in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y E Willems
- Max Planck Research Group Biosocial - Biology, Social Disparities, and Development, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin
| | - A deSteiguer
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas, Austin
| | - P T Tanksley
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas, Austin
| | - L Vinnik
- Max Planck Research Group Biosocial - Biology, Social Disparities, and Development, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin
| | - D Främke
- Max Planck Research Group Biosocial - Biology, Social Disparities, and Development, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin
| | - A Okbay
- School of Business and Economics, Economics Fellow, Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam
- Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam
| | - D Richter
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin
- SHARE Berlin, Berlin
| | - G G Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin
- German Socio Economic Panel Study (SOEP), Berlin
| | - R Hertwig
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin
| | - P Koellinger
- School of Business and Economics, Economics Fellow, Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam
- Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam
| | | | - K P Harden
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas, Austin
| | - L Raffington
- Max Planck Research Group Biosocial - Biology, Social Disparities, and Development, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wertz J, Moffitt TE, Arseneault L, Barnes JC, Boivin M, Corcoran DL, Danese A, Hancox RJ, Harrington H, Houts RM, Langevin S, Liu H, Poulton R, Sugden K, Tanksley PT, Williams BS, Caspi A. Genetic associations with parental investment from conception to wealth inheritance in six cohorts. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:1388-1401. [PMID: 37386103 PMCID: PMC10444618 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Genetic inheritance is not the only way parents' genes may affect children. It is also possible that parents' genes are associated with investments into children's development. We examined evidence for links between parental genetics and parental investments, from the prenatal period through to adulthood, using data from six population-based cohorts in the UK, US and New Zealand, together totalling 36,566 parents. Our findings revealed associations between parental genetics-summarized in a genome-wide polygenic score-and parental behaviour across development, from smoking in pregnancy, breastfeeding in infancy, parenting in childhood and adolescence, to leaving a wealth inheritance to adult children. Effect sizes tended to be small at any given time point, ranging from RR = 1.12 (95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.09, 1.15) to RR = 0.76 (95%CI 0.72, 0.80) during the prenatal period and infancy; β = 0.07 (95%CI 0.04, 0.11) to β = 0.29 (95%CI 0.27, 0.32) in childhood and adolescence, and RR = 1.04 (95%CI 1.01, 1.06) to RR = 1.11 (95%CI 1.07, 1.15) in adulthood. There was evidence for accumulating effects across development, ranging from β = 0.15 (95%CI 0.11, 0.18) to β = 0.23 (95%CI 0.16, 0.29) depending on cohort. Our findings are consistent with the interpretation that parents pass on advantages to offspring not only via direct genetic transmission or purely environmental paths, but also via genetic associations with parental investment from conception to wealth inheritance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Wertz
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Louise Arseneault
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J C Barnes
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michel Boivin
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - David L Corcoran
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrea Danese
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National and Specialist CAMHS Clinic for Trauma, Anxiety and Depression, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Robert J Hancox
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - HonaLee Harrington
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Renate M Houts
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie Langevin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hexuan Liu
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Data Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Richie Poulton
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Karen Sugden
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peter T Tanksley
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin S Williams
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tanksley PT, Brislin SJ, Wertz J, de Vlaming R, Courchesne-Krak NS, Mallard TT, Raffington LL, Linnér RK, Koellinger P, Palmer A, Sanchez-Roige A, Waldman I, Dick D, Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Harden KP. Do polygenic indices capture "direct" effects on child externalizing behavior? Within-family analyses in two longitudinal birth cohorts. medRxiv 2023:2023.05.31.23290802. [PMID: 37398155 PMCID: PMC10312898 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.31.23290802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Behaviors and disorders characterized by difficulties with self-regulation, such as problematic substance use, antisocial behavior, and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), incur high costs for individuals, families, and communities. These externalizing behaviors often appear early in the life course and can have far-reaching consequences. Researchers have long been interested in direct measurements of genetic risk for externalizing behaviors, which can be incorporated alongside other known risk factors to improve efforts at early identification and intervention. In a preregistered analysis drawing on data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study (N = 862 twins) and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS; N = 2,824 parent-child trios), two longitudinal cohorts from the UK, we leveraged molecular genetic data and within-family designs to test for genetic effects on externalizing behavior that are unbiased by the common sources of environmental confounding. Results are consistent with the conclusion that an externalizing polygenic index (PGI) captures causal effects of genetic variants on externalizing problems in children and adolescents, with an effect size that is comparable to those observed for other established risk factors in the research literature on externalizing behavior. Additionally, we find that polygenic associations vary across development (peaking from age 5-10 years), that parental genetics (assortment and parent-specific effects) and family-level covariates affect prediction little, and that sex differences in polygenic prediction are present but only detectable using within-family comparisons. Based on these findings, we believe that the PGI for externalizing behavior is a promising means for studying the development of disruptive behaviors across child development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Tanksley
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sarah J Brislin
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jasmin Wertz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ronald de Vlaming
- Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Travis T Mallard
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurel L Raffington
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Koellinger
- Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abraham Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Irwin Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Danielle Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for the Study of Population Health & Aging, Duke University Population Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for the Study of Population Health & Aging, Duke University Population Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K Paige Harden
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Williams CM, Poore H, Tanksley PT, Kweon H, Courchesne-Krak NS, Londono-Correa D, Mallard TT, Barr P, Koellinger PD, Waldman ID, Sanchez-Roige S, Harden KP, Palmer AA, Dick DM, Linnér RK. Guidelines for Evaluating the Comparability of Down-Sampled GWAS Summary Statistics. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.21.533641. [PMID: 36993611 PMCID: PMC10055200 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.21.533641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Proprietary genetic datasets are valuable for boosting the statistical power of genome-wide association studies (GWASs), but their use can restrict investigators from publicly sharing the resulting summary statistics. Although researchers can resort to sharing down-sampled versions that exclude restricted data, down-sampling reduces power and might change the genetic etiology of the phenotype being studied. These problems are further complicated when using multivariate GWAS methods, such as genomic structural equation modeling (Genomic SEM), that model genetic correlations across multiple traits. Here, we propose a systematic approach to assess the comparability of GWAS summary statistics that include versus exclude restricted data. Illustrating this approach with a multivariate GWAS of an externalizing factor, we assessed the impact of down-sampling on (1) the strength of the genetic signal in univariate GWASs, (2) the factor loadings and model fit in multivariate Genomic SEM, (3) the strength of the genetic signal at the factor level, (4) insights from gene-property analyses, (5) the pattern of genetic correlations with other traits, and (6) polygenic score analyses in independent samples. For the externalizing GWAS, down-sampling resulted in a loss of genetic signal and fewer genome-wide significant loci, while the factor loadings and model fit, gene-property analyses, genetic correlations, and polygenic score analyses are robust. Given the importance of data sharing for the advancement of open science, we recommend that investigators who share down-sampled summary statistics report these analyses as accompanying documentation to support other researchers' use of the summary statistics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille M Williams
- Department of Psychology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Holly Poore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University
| | | | - Hyeokmoon Kweon
- Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
| | | | | | - Travis T Mallard
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Barr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University
| | | | | | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.; Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - K Paige Harden
- Department of Psychology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Rutgers Addiction Research Center in the Brain Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Raffington L, Tanksley PT, Sabhlok A, Vinnik L, Mallard T, King LS, Goosby B, Harden KP, Tucker-Drob EM. Socially Stratified Epigenetic Profiles Are Associated With Cognitive Functioning in Children and Adolescents. Psychol Sci 2023; 34:170-185. [PMID: 36459657 PMCID: PMC10068508 DOI: 10.1177/09567976221122760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Children's cognitive functioning and educational performance are socially stratified. Social inequality, including classism and racism, may operate partly via epigenetic mechanisms that modulate neurocognitive development. Following preregistered analyses of data from 1,183 participants, ages 8 to 19 years, from the Texas Twin Project, we found that children growing up in more socioeconomically disadvantaged families and neighborhoods and children from marginalized racial/ethnic groups exhibit DNA methylation profiles that, in previous studies of adults, were indicative of higher chronic inflammation, lower cognitive functioning, and a faster pace of biological aging. Furthermore, children's salivary DNA methylation profiles were associated with their performance on in-laboratory tests of cognitive and academic skills, including processing speed, general executive function, perceptual reasoning, verbal comprehension, reading, and math. Given that the DNA methylation measures that we examined were originally developed in adults, our results suggest that children show molecular signatures that reflect the early life social determinants of lifelong disparities in health and cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurel Raffington
- Department of Psychology, The
University of Texas at Austin
- Population Research Center, The
University of Texas at Austin
- Max Planck Research Group Biosocial –
Biology, Social Disparities, and Development; Max Planck Institute for Human
Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter T. Tanksley
- Department of Psychology, The
University of Texas at Austin
- Population Research Center, The
University of Texas at Austin
| | - Aditi Sabhlok
- Department of Psychology, The
University of Texas at Austin
| | - Liza Vinnik
- Department of Psychology, The
University of Texas at Austin
| | - Travis Mallard
- Department of Psychology, The
University of Texas at Austin
| | - Lucy S. King
- Department of Psychology, The
University of Texas at Austin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Bridget Goosby
- Population Research Center, The
University of Texas at Austin
- Department of Sociology, The University
of Texas at Austin
| | - K. Paige Harden
- Department of Psychology, The
University of Texas at Austin
- Population Research Center, The
University of Texas at Austin
| | - Elliot M. Tucker-Drob
- Department of Psychology, The
University of Texas at Austin
- Population Research Center, The
University of Texas at Austin
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Langevin S, Caspi A, Barnes JC, Brennan G, Poulton R, Purdy SC, Ramrakha S, Tanksley PT, Thorne PR, Wilson G, Moffitt TE. Life-Course Persistent Antisocial Behavior and Accelerated Biological Aging in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14402. [PMID: 36361282 PMCID: PMC9657643 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Prior research shows that individuals who have exhibited antisocial behavior are in poorer health than their same-aged peers. A major driver of poor health is aging itself, yet research has not investigated relationships between offending trajectories and biological aging. We tested the hypothesis that individuals following a life-course persistent (LCP) antisocial trajectory show accelerated aging in midlife. Trajectories of antisocial behavior from age 7 to 26 years were studied in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, a population-representative birth cohort (N = 1037). Signs of aging were assessed at age 45 years using previously validated measures including biomarkers, clinical tests, and self-reports. First, we tested whether the association between antisocial behavior trajectories and midlife signs of faster aging represented a decline from initial childhood health. We then tested whether decline was attributable to tobacco smoking, antipsychotic medication use, debilitating illnesses in adulthood, adverse exposures in childhood (maltreatment, socioeconomic disadvantage) and adulthood (incarceration), and to childhood self-control difficulties. Study members with a history of antisocial behavior had a significantly faster pace of biological aging by midlife, and this was most evident among individuals following the LCP trajectory (β, 0.22, 95%CI, 0.14, 0.28, p ≤ 0.001). This amounted to 4.3 extra years of biological aging between ages 25-45 years for Study members following the LCP trajectory compared to low-antisocial trajectory individuals. LCP offenders also experienced more midlife difficulties with hearing (β, -0.14, 95%CI, -0.21, -0.08, p ≤ 0.001), balance (β, -0.13, 95%CI, -0.18, -0.06, p ≤ 0.001), gait speed (β, -0.18, 95%CI, -0.24, -0.10, p ≤ 0.001), and cognitive functioning (β, -0.25, 95%CI, -0.31, -0.18, p ≤ 0.001). Associations represented a decline from childhood health. Associations persisted after controlling individually for tobacco smoking, antipsychotic medication use, midlife illnesses, maltreatment, socioeconomic status, incarceration, and childhood self-control difficulties. However, the cumulative effect of these lifestyle characteristics together explained why LCP offenders have a faster Pace of Aging than their peers. While older adults typically age-out of crime, LCP offenders will likely age-into the healthcare system earlier than their chronologically same-aged peers. Preventing young people from offending is likely to have substantial benefits for health, and people engaging in a LCP trajectory of antisocial behaviors might be the most in need of health promotion programs. We offer prevention and intervention strategies to reduce the financial burden of offenders on healthcare systems and improve their wellbeing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Langevin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ashalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham VA Healthcare System, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - J. C. Barnes
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Grace Brennan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Richie Poulton
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Suzanne C. Purdy
- Discipline of Speech Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sandhya Ramrakha
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Peter T. Tanksley
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78705, USA
| | - Peter R. Thorne
- Discipline of Audiology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Graham Wilson
- Matai Medical Research Institute, Gisborne 4010, New Zealand
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu H, Tanksley PT, Motz RT, Kail RM, Barnes JC. Incarceration, polygenic risk, and depressive symptoms among males in late adulthood. Soc Sci Res 2022; 104:102683. [PMID: 35400388 PMCID: PMC10131033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates how social and genetic factors jointly influence depression in late adulthood. We focus on the effect of incarceration, a major life event consistently found to be associated with mental health problems. Drawing on data from males in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study and the Health and Retirement Study, we conduct a polygenic score analysis based on a genome-wide association study on depressive symptoms. Our analysis produces two important findings. First, incarceration experience mediates the association between the depression polygenic score and depressive symptoms in late adulthood (i.e., greater polygenic scores are associated with elevated incarceration risk, which increases depressive symptoms in late adulthood). Second, about one-fifth of the association between incarceration experience and late-adulthood depressive symptoms is accounted for by the depression polygenic score and childhood depression. These findings reveal complex biological and social mechanisms in the development of depression and, more broadly, provide important insights for causal inference in social science research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hexuan Liu
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, USA.
| | | | - Ryan T Motz
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, USA
| | - Rachel M Kail
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, USA
| | - J C Barnes
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tanksley PT, Barnes JC, Boutwell BB, Arseneault L, Caspi A, Danese A, Fisher HL, Moffitt TE. Identifying Psychological Pathways to Polyvictimization: Evidence from a Longitudinal Cohort Study of Twins from the United Kingdom. J Exp Criminol 2020; 16:431-461. [PMID: 32831812 PMCID: PMC7115958 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-020-09422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Examine the extent to which cognitive/psychological characteristics predict later polyvictimization. We employ a twin-based design that allows us to test the social neurocriminology hypothesis that environmental factors influence brain-based characteristics and influence behaviors like victimization. METHODS Using data from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study (N = 1986), we capitalize on the natural experiment embedded in a discordant-twin design that allows for the adjustment of family environments and genetic factors. RESULTS The findings indicate that self-control, as well as symptoms of conduct disorder and anxiety, are related to polyvictimization even after adjusting for family environments and partially adjusting for genetic influences. After fully adjusting for genetic factors, only self-control was a statistically significant predictor of polyvictimization. CONCLUSION The findings suggest polyvictimization is influenced by cognitive/psychological characteristics that individuals carry with them across contexts. Policies aimed at reducing victimization risks should consider interventions that address cognitive functioning and mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Tanksley
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - J C Barnes
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Brian B Boutwell
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
- John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Louise Arseneault
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University Box 104410, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Box 90338, Durham NC, 27708, USA
| | - Andrea Danese
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
- National and Specialist Child Traumatic Stress and Anxiety Clinic, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Helen L Fisher
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University Box 104410, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Box 90338, Durham NC, 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tanksley PT, Motz RT, Kail RM, Barnes JC, Liu H. The Genome-Wide Study of Human Social Behavior and Its Application in Sociology. Front Sociol 2019; 4:53. [PMID: 33869376 PMCID: PMC8022812 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2019.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen a push for the integration of modern genomic methodologies with sociological inquiry. The inclusion of genomic approaches promises to help address long-standing issues in sociology (e.g., selection effects), as well as open up new avenues for future research. This article reviews the substantive findings of behavior genetic/genomic research, both from the recent past (e.g., twin/adoption studies, candidate gene studies) and from contemporary genomic analyses. The article primarily focuses on modern genomic methods available to sociologists (e.g., polygenic score analysis) and their various applications for answering sociological questions. The article concludes by considering a number of areas to which genomic researchers and sociologists should pay close attention if a consilience between genomic methods and sociological research is to be fully realized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. Tanksley
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ryan T. Motz
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Rachel M. Kail
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - J. C. Barnes
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Hexuan Liu
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Data Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|