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Shreelakshmi SV, Chaitrashree N, Nazareth MS, Kumar SS, Shetty NP, Giridhar P. Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity during ripening of Malpighia glabra fruits. J Food Sci Technol 2024; 61:717-726. [PMID: 38410264 PMCID: PMC10894179 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Malpighia glabra (Malpighiaceae) is a cherry fruit popularly known as acerola or West Indian cherry, with nutraceuticals in each ripening stage. The changes in the phytoconstituents, pigments, sugars, organic acids, and antioxidants were investigated during the fruit ripening and expressed in fresh weight (FW). Gentisic acid was present in the highest concentration in IMGL fruits (11.43 mg/100 g), which was reduced to 0.362 mg/100 g over-ripening. The major flavonoid present was epicatechin, and the concentration increased from 2.11 mg/100 g in immature green large (IMGL) fruits to 19.52 mg/100 g in ripe fruits. Ascorbic acid was the most abundant organic acid present, and the highest concentration was found in the IMGL fruits (2030 mg/100 g). Fructose and galactose were found in the highest concentrations in overripe fruits (2290 mg/100 g and 1460 mg/100 g, respectively). The IMGL fruits showed the highest total antioxidant activity of 5.48% and 5.34% ascorbic acid equivalent in methanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. Mineral quantification showed that the fruits were rich in potassium and calcium (150.43 and 12.90 mg/100 g, respectively). This study could identify the appropriate stage of acerola fruit for developing functional foods with maximum utilization of phytoconstituents in all stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. V. Shreelakshmi
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
| | - N. Chaitrashree
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
| | - Maria Sheeba Nazareth
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
| | - Sandopu Sravan Kumar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
| | - Nandini P. Shetty
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
| | - P. Giridhar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
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Choudhari NS, Khanna RC, Marmamula S, Mettla AL, Giridhar P, Banerjee S, Shekhar K, Chakrabarti S, Murthy GVS, Gilbert C, Rao GN. Incidence of primary open angle glaucoma in the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS). Eye (Lond) 2023:10.1038/s41433-023-02799-z. [PMID: 37968514 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02799-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To report 15-year incidence rate of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS). METHODS A population-based longitudinal study was carried out at three rural study sites. Phakic participants aged ≥40 years who participated at baseline (APEDS I) and the mean 15-year follow-up visit (APEDS III) were included. A comprehensive ophthalmic examination was performed on all participants. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was average of IOPs of right and left eyes. The definition of glaucoma was based on the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO) classification. The main outcome measure was incidence of POAG during the follow-up period in participants without glaucoma or suspicion of glaucoma at baseline. RESULTS Data from the available and eligible participants from the original cohort (1241/2790; 44.4%) were analysed. The mean age (standard deviation) of participants at baseline was 50.2 (8.1) years; 580 (46.7%) were men. Thirty-six participants developed POAG [bilateral in 17 (47.2%)] over 15 years. The incidence rate of POAG per 100-person years (95% confidence interval) was 2.83 (2.6, 3.08). Compared to baseline, the reduction in mean IOP [median (range) mm Hg] was -0.75 (-7.5, 9) in participants with incident POAG and -2.5 (-14.5, 14.5) in those without. The inter-visit difference in mean IOP was a significant risk factor on logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION We report the long-term incidence of POAG in rural India. A longitudinal change in IOP, specifically a less pronounced reduction in IOP with increasing age, was a novel risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil S Choudhari
- VST Glaucoma Centre, Dr. Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kismatpur Road, Himayathsagar, Telangana State, India
| | - Rohit C Khanna
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kismatpur Road, Himayathsagar, Telangana State, India.
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Srinivas Marmamula
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kismatpur Road, Himayathsagar, Telangana State, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Biotechnology/ Wellcome Trust India Alliance, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Asha Latha Mettla
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kismatpur Road, Himayathsagar, Telangana State, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pyda Giridhar
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kismatpur Road, Himayathsagar, Telangana State, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Seema Banerjee
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kismatpur Road, Himayathsagar, Telangana State, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Konegari Shekhar
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kismatpur Road, Himayathsagar, Telangana State, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subhabrata Chakrabarti
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Gudlavalleti V S Murthy
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Madhapur, Hyderabad, India
- International Centre for Eye Health, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Clare Gilbert
- International Centre for Eye Health, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Gullapalli N Rao
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kismatpur Road, Himayathsagar, Telangana State, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Choudhari NS, Khanna RC, Marmamula S, Mettla AL, Giridhar P, Banerjee S, Shekhar K, Chakrabarti S, Murthy GVS, Gilbert C, Rao GN. Regional variation in the incidence of pseudo-exfoliation in the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS). Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:1704-1710. [PMID: 36085361 PMCID: PMC10220056 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To report the 15-year incidence rate of pseudo-exfoliation (PXF), PXF glaucoma and regional variation among rural participants in the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS) III. METHODS This population-based longitudinal study was carried out at three rural study sites. Individuals of all ages who participated at baseline with a mean 15-year follow-up visit were included. Detailed Comprehensive ophthalmic examination was performed on all participants. The main outcome measure was development of PXF during the follow-up period in participants who were phakic in one or both eyes without PXF at baseline. RESULTS Among 5395 participants, 5108 (94.6%) met the inclusion criteria. There were 93 (1.82%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.47-2.22) cases of incident PXF. Their median baseline age (1st, 3rd quartiles) was 51 (44, 59) years and the male: female ratio was 1.3:1. There was no case of incident PXF in participants aged <30 years at baseline. The incidence rate per 100 person years (95% CI) among all ages and those aged ≥30 years at baseline was 1.73 (1.64-1.82) and 3.73 (3.53-3.93), respectively. PXF material was located on iris as well as anterior surface of lens and it was often bilateral. Participants living in two study sites and increasing age were associated with the incidence of PXF. The 15-year incidence of PXF glaucoma (95% CI) in participants ≥30 years of age at baseline was 0.33% (0.14-0.66). CONCLUSION There is significant regional variation in incidence of PXF in south India which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil S Choudhari
- VST Glaucoma Centre, Dr. Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kismatpur Road, Himayathsagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rohit C Khanna
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kismatpur Road, Himayathsagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India.
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Srinivas Marmamula
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kismatpur Road, Himayathsagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
- Wellcome Trust/Department of Biotechnology India Alliance, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Asha Latha Mettla
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kismatpur Road, Himayathsagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pyda Giridhar
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kismatpur Road, Himayathsagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Seema Banerjee
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kismatpur Road, Himayathsagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Konegari Shekhar
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kismatpur Road, Himayathsagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Subhabrata Chakrabarti
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gudlavalleti V S Murthy
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Madhapur, Hyderabad, India
- International Centre for Eye Health, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Clare Gilbert
- International Centre for Eye Health, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Gullapalli N Rao
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kismatpur Road, Himayathsagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
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Parameswarappa DC, Jalali S, Marmamula S, Natarajan R, Mettla AL, Giridhar P, Banerjee S, Shekhar K, Chakrabarti S, Khanna RC. Visual impairment and blindness due to retinitis pigmentosa in India: 15-year follow-up of the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study cohort. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:902-908. [PMID: 36872706 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1610_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the incidence, visual impairment, and blindness due to retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in a rural southern Indian cohort. Methods This is a population-based longitudinal cohort study of participants with RP from the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS) cohorts I and III, respectively. The study included participants with RP of APEDS I who were followed until APEDS III. Their demographic data along with ocular features, fundus photographs, and visual fields (Humphrey) were collected. Descriptive statistics using mean ± standard deviation with interquartile range (IQR) were calculated. The main outcome measures were RP incidence, visual impairment, and blindness as per the World Health Organization (WHO) definitions. Results At baseline (APEDS I), 7771 participants residing in three rural areas were examined. There were nine participants with RP with a mean age at baseline of 47.33 ± 10.89 years (IQR: 39-55). There was a male preponderance (6:3), and the mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 18 eyes from nine participants with RP was 1.2 ± 0.72 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR; IQR: 0.7-1.6). Over a mean follow-up duration of 15 years, 5395/7771 (69.4%) were re-examined, which included seven RP participants from APEDS 1. Additionally, two new participants with RP were identified; so, the overall incidence was 370/ million in 15 years (24.7/million per year). The mean BCVA of 14 eyes of seven participants with RP who were re-examined in APEDS III was 2.17 ± 0.56 logMAR (IQR: 1.8-2.6), and five of these seven participants with RP developed incident blindness during the follow-up period. Conclusion RP is a prevalent disease in southern India that warrants appropriate strategies to prevent this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika C Parameswarappa
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo - Retinal Diseases, Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subhadra Jalali
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo - Retinal Diseases, Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Marmamula
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute; Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ramya Natarajan
- Ophthalmic Biophysics lab, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Asha L Mettla
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute; Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pyda Giridhar
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute; Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Seema Banerjee
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer eye institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Konegari Shekhar
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute; Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Subhabrata Chakrabarti
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rohit C Khanna
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India; Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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Gupta S, Kp H, Pareek V, Barthwal M, Bora D, Giridhar P, Devnani B, Julka P. PO-1155 Clinical outcome with radiotherapy in management of Craniopharyngioma: A Single institute experience. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)03119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Choudhari NS, Khanna RC, Marmamula S, Mettla AL, Giridhar P, Banerjee S, Shekhar K, Chakrabarti S, Murthy GVS, Gilbert C, Rao GN. Fifteen-Year Incidence Rate of Primary Angle Closure Disease in the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 229:34-44. [PMID: 33667399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report on the 15-year incidence of primary angle closure disease (PACD) among participants aged ≥40 years in rural southern India DESIGN: Population-based longitudinal incidence rate study METHODS: Setting: 3 rural study centres. STUDY POPULATION Phakic participants aged ≥40 years who participated in both examination time points. OBSERVATION PROCEDURES All participants at the baseline and at the mean 15-year follow-up visit underwent a detailed interview, anthropometry, blood pressure measurement, and comprehensive eye examination. Automated perimetry was attempted based on predefined criteria. Main outcome measures included development of any form of PACD, as defined by the International Society for Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO), during the follow-up period in phakic participants, who did not have the disease at baseline. RESULTS We analyzed data obtained from 1,197 (81.4% out of available 1,470) participants to calculate the incidence of the disease. The mean age (standard deviation) of the study participants at the baseline was 50.2 (8.1) years, with 670 male (45.5%) and 800 female (54.4%) participants. The incidence rate per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval) for primary angle closure suspect, primary angle closure, and primary angle closure glaucoma was 8.8 (8.4, 9.2), 6.2 (5.9, 6.6), and 1.6 (1.4, 1.8), respectively. Thus, the incidence of all forms of PACD was 16.4 (15.9, 17) per 100 person-years. On logistic regression analysis, female gender was a significant risk factor whereas presence of myopia was protective. CONCLUSIONS This study reports long-term incidence of PACD from rural India. It has implications for eye health care policies, strategies, and planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil S Choudhari
- VST Glaucoma Centre, Dr. Kallam Anji Reddy Campus (N.S.C., R.C.K.), L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India; Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care (N.S.C., R.C.K., S.M., A.L.M., P.G., S.B., K.S., G.N.R.), L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rohit C Khanna
- VST Glaucoma Centre, Dr. Kallam Anji Reddy Campus (N.S.C., R.C.K.), L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India; Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care (N.S.C., R.C.K., S.M., A.L.M., P.G., S.B., K.S., G.N.R.), L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India; Brien Holden Eye Research Centre (R.C.K., S.M., A.L.M., P.G., S.B., K.S., S.C., G.N.R.), L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales (R.C.K.), Sydney, Australia; School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester (R.C.K.), Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Srinivas Marmamula
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care (N.S.C., R.C.K., S.M., A.L.M., P.G., S.B., K.S., G.N.R.), L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India; Brien Holden Eye Research Centre (R.C.K., S.M., A.L.M., P.G., S.B., K.S., S.C., G.N.R.), L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India; Wellcome Trust / Department of Biotechnology India Alliance (S.M.), L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Asha Latha Mettla
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care (N.S.C., R.C.K., S.M., A.L.M., P.G., S.B., K.S., G.N.R.), L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India; Brien Holden Eye Research Centre (R.C.K., S.M., A.L.M., P.G., S.B., K.S., S.C., G.N.R.), L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pyda Giridhar
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care (N.S.C., R.C.K., S.M., A.L.M., P.G., S.B., K.S., G.N.R.), L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India; Brien Holden Eye Research Centre (R.C.K., S.M., A.L.M., P.G., S.B., K.S., S.C., G.N.R.), L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Seema Banerjee
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care (N.S.C., R.C.K., S.M., A.L.M., P.G., S.B., K.S., G.N.R.), L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India; Brien Holden Eye Research Centre (R.C.K., S.M., A.L.M., P.G., S.B., K.S., S.C., G.N.R.), L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Konegari Shekhar
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care (N.S.C., R.C.K., S.M., A.L.M., P.G., S.B., K.S., G.N.R.), L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India; Brien Holden Eye Research Centre (R.C.K., S.M., A.L.M., P.G., S.B., K.S., S.C., G.N.R.), L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Subhabrata Chakrabarti
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre (R.C.K., S.M., A.L.M., P.G., S.B., K.S., S.C., G.N.R.), L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gudlavalleti V S Murthy
- Indian Institute of Public Health (G.V.S.M.), Madhapur, Hyderabad, India; International Centre for Eye Health, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, (G.V.S.M., C.G.), London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Gilbert
- International Centre for Eye Health, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, (G.V.S.M., C.G.), London, United Kingdom
| | - Gullapalli N Rao
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care (N.S.C., R.C.K., S.M., A.L.M., P.G., S.B., K.S., G.N.R.), L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India; Brien Holden Eye Research Centre (R.C.K., S.M., A.L.M., P.G., S.B., K.S., S.C., G.N.R.), L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
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Barthwal M, Pareek V, Giridhar P, Mallick S. OC-0061 Phase III randomized trial of trans-abdominal ultrasound in intra-cavitary brachytherapy in Cervix. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Khanna RC, Marmamula S, Cicinelli MV, Mettla AL, Giridhar P, Banerjee S, Shekhar K, Chakrabarti S, Murthy GVS, Gilbert CE, Rao GN. Fifteen-year incidence rate and risk factors of pterygium in the Southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 105:619-624. [PMID: 32732344 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report 15-year incidence rate and associated risk factors of pterygium among people aged 30 years and above at baseline in the rural clusters of longitudinal Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS III). METHODS The baseline APEDS I included 7771 participants of which 6447 (83%) were traced and 5395 (83.7%) were re-examined in APEDS III. To estimate the incidence of pterygium, we selected participants who were 30 years and above at baseline (4188), of which 2976 were traced and 2627 (88.3%) were examined, and based on inclusion criteria, 2290 participants were included in the study. The incidence rate of pterygium was defined as the proportion of people free of pterygium at baseline who had developed the condition at 15-year follow-up (range 13-17 years). Univariate and multivariable analyses for risk factors were undertaken. RESULTS The sex-adjusted incidence rate of pterygium was 25.2 per 100 person-years (95% CI 24.8 to 25.7) which was significantly higher for men than women (26.3 per 100 person-years (95% CI 25.6 to 27.0) and 24.7 (95% CI 24.1 to 25.3) respectively). At the multivariable analysis, male gender (RR: 1.35, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.83), no formal education (RR: 2.46, 95% CI 1.22 to 4.93), outdoor occupation (RR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.9) and lower body mass index (BMI) (<18.5) (RR: 1.25, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.55) were associated with increased risk of pterygium. CONCLUSIONS The overall incidence rate of pterygium was high in this rural population, especially in men and those engaged in outdoor activities, lack of formal education and with lower BMI. It is likely that greater exposure to ultraviolet light is a major contributing factor, thus warranting preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit C Khanna
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Srinivas Marmamula
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Wellcome Trust/Department of Biotechnology India Alliance Research Fellow, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Maria Vittoria Cicinelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Asha Latha Mettla
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pyda Giridhar
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Seema Banerjee
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Konegari Shekhar
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Subhabrata Chakrabarti
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gudlavalleti V S Murthy
- International Centre for Eye Health, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, India
| | - Clare E Gilbert
- International Centre for Eye Health, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gullapalli Nageswara Rao
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
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Devi MKA, Kumar G, Giridhar P. Effect of biotic and abiotic elicitors on isoflavone biosynthesis during seed development and in suspension cultures of soybean ( Glycine max L.). 3 Biotech 2020; 10:98. [PMID: 32099739 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation aimed to look at the effects of biotic and abiotic elicitors during Soybean seed development and cell suspension culture in isoflavones accumulation. The expression levels of four major genes viz., CHS7, CHS8, IFS2, and IFS1 involved on isoflavones biosynthesis during seed developmental stages from R5L-R7 was seen in both MAUS-2 and JS-335 Soybean varieties. The R7 stage showed 1.24-fold upregulation of IFS1transcript level and considered as the control for Soybean seed development. Both varieties during R6-R8 stages responded differently to the foliar application of 10 µM SA, 10 µM MJ and 0.1% Aspergillus niger. The IFS2 transcripts were upregulated by SA at the R7 stage with 5.21- and 4.68-fold in JS-335 and MAUS-2, respectively. IFS1 expression was significantly increased by A. niger treatment at R7 stage with 3.98- and 3.21-fold in MAUS-2 and JS-335, respectively. The expression of CHS7 and CHS8 by 10 μM SA at R7 level revealed maximum up-regulation of 0.51- and 1.01-fold in MAUS-2; 0.37- and 0.82-fold in JS-335, respectively. In the soybean callus suspension culture, biosynthetic genes were used to validate the effects of elicitor on isoflavones. Both biotic and abiotic treatments contribute to the upregulation of IFS1 and IFS2 expression, that in turn, leads to the accumulation of isoflavone in seed development as well as in suspension cultures. These data further suggested that the IFS2 is the key gene responsible for the isoflavone accumulation during elicitor treatment.
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Mallick S, Giridhar P, Rath G. Tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy446.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Khanna RC, Murthy GVS, Giridhar P, Marmamula S, Pant HB, Palamaner Subash Shantha G, Chakrabarti S, Gilbert CE, Rao GN. Glaucoma-associated long-term mortality in a rural cohort from India: the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 102:1477-1482. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AimTo evaluate glaucoma-associated mortality in a rural cohort in India.MethodsThe study cohort comprised individuals aged 40 years and above who took part in the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS1) during 1996–2000. All participants underwent detailed comprehensive eye examination. Glaucoma was defined using International Society of Geographic and Epidemiologic Ophthalmology criteria. This cohort was followed up after a decade (June 2009 to January 2010; APEDS2). Mortality HR analysis for ocular risk factors was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression after adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical variables.ResultsIn APEDS1, 2790 individuals aged more than or equal to 40 years were examined. 47.4% were male. Forty-five participants had primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 66 had primary angle closure disease (PACD). Ten years later, 1879 (67.3%) were available, 739 (26.5%) had died and 172 (6.2%) had migrated; whereas 22 of the 45 (48.8%) with POAG and 22 of the 66 (33.3%) with PACD had died. In univariate analysis, a higher mortality was associated with POAG (HR 1.9; 95% CI 1.23 to 2.94), pseudoexfoliation (HR 2.79; 95% CI 2.0 to 3.89), myopia (HR 1.78; 95% CI 1.54 to 2.06) and unit increase in cup:disc ratio (HR 4.49; 95% CI 2.64 to 7.64). In multivariable analysis, only cup:disc ratio remained independently associated with mortality (HR 2.5; 95% CI 1.3 to 5.1). The association remained significant when other ocular parameters were included in the model (HR 2.1; 95% CI 1.03 to 4.2).ConclusionsThis is the first longitudinal study to assess the association of glaucoma and mortality in a rural longitudinal cohort in India. Increased cup:disc ratio could be a potential marker for ageing and would need further validation.
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Khanna RC, Kim S, Giridhar P, Mettla AL, Marmamula S, Rao GN. Barriers to uptake of referral services from secondary care to tertiary care and its associated factors in L V Prasad Eye Institute network in Southern India: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020687. [PMID: 29982204 PMCID: PMC6042616 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine barriers to the uptake of referral services from secondary care centres to higher level tertiary care centres. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Secondary care hospital in Khammam District in the Telangana state of India. PARTICIPANTS Nine hundred and three patients who were referred from a secondary care centre to tertiary care centres between June 2011 and December 2012, were over the age of 18 and lived within 50 km of the secondary care centre were identified. Six hundred and sixteen (68.2%) of these patients were successfully contacted, and 611 (99%) of those contacted consented to participation in the study. INTERVENTIONS Those who attended at higher centres after referral (compliant) and those who failed to attend (non-compliant) were interviewed with a standard questionnaire designed for the study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Outcome measures were barriers to the uptake of eye care services for the non-compliant participants and the associated risk factors for non-compliance. RESULTS Of the contacted patients, 418 (68.4%) were compliant and 193 (31.6%) were non-compliant. The mean age of interviewed patients was 48.4 years (SD: 17.9 years) and 365 (59.7%) were male. Of those who did not comply with their referral, the major identified barriers were 'cannot afford treatment cost' (30%) and 'able to see adequately' (20.7%). Multivariable analysis showed that participants in the non-compliant group were more likely to have had only one prior visit to the centre (OR: 2.5, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.9), be referred for oculoplastic services (OR: 3.0, 95% CI 1.0 to 8.8) and to be the main earning member of the family (OR: 1.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.8). CONCLUSIONS Non-compliance with referrals in this population is largely attributable to economic and attitudinal reasons. Focusing on these specific barriers and targeting groups at higher risk of non-compliance could potentially improve uptake of referral services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit C Khanna
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sujeong Kim
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Pyda Giridhar
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Asha Latha Mettla
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Srinivas Marmamula
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Wellcome Trust, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gullapalli Nageswara Rao
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Shashidhar GM, Kumar SS, Giridhar P, Manohar B. Antioxidant and Cholesterol Esterase Inhibitory Properties of Supplementation with Coconut Water in Submerged Cultivation of the Medicinal Chinese Caterpillar Mushroom, Ophiocordyceps sinensis CS1197 (Ascomycetes). Int J Med Mushrooms 2018; 19:337-345. [PMID: 28605322 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.v19.i4.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the potential use of coconut water to supplement potato dextrose broth (PDB) in the production of Ophiocordyceps sinensis CS1197 by submerged cultivation. The basal PDB medium was modified by supplementation with tender coconut water (TCW) and mature coconut water (MCW) at 10% and 5% (v/v), respectively; these mixtures were cultured at 28°C for 14 days, with a pH of 7 and an inoculum volume of 10%. The addition of optimized levels of TCW and MCW improved the biomass yield by 2.2- and 2.5-fold, respectively, and adenosine, cordycepin, and polysaccharide content by 58% and 69%, 50% and 55%, and 19% and 27%, respectively. Antioxidant and cholesterol esterase (CE) inhibitory activities of the aqueous extract from O. sinensis CS1197 mycelia supplemented with TCW and MCW were high compared with those of the control, indicating that coconut water has a positive correlation with the enhanced antioxidant and CE inhibitory activities. These antioxidant and CE inhibitory responses were dependent on concentration, and the larger amounts of bioactives in O. sinensis CS1197 are beneficial in pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Shashidhar
- Food Engineering Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | - S Sravan Kumar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | - P Giridhar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | - B Manohar
- Food Engineering Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
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Marmamula S, Giridhar P, Khanna RC. Utilization of eye care services among those with unilateral visual impairment in rural South India: Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS). Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:473-479. [PMID: 28393042 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.03.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To report on the utilization of eye care services and its associated factors among those with unilateral visual impairment (VI) in a rural South Indian population. METHODS A population based cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts (Adilabad, Mahbubnagar and West Godavari) in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. A detailed interview and a comprehensive eye examination were conducted. Those with unilateral VI were asked questions about noticing any change in vision and on utilization of eye care services. The most important reason reported by the participant for not utilizing the services was used for the analysis. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association between noticing a change in vision and socio-demographic variables such as age, gender, education and area of residence, severity and causes of VI. RESULTS Among the 4456 participants aged ≥16y who were administered the questionnaire, 53.2% were women, and 54.7% had no education. Of the 489 (11%; 95% CI: 10.1-11.9) people with unilateral VI, 399 (81.6%) participants reported noticing a change in their vision over the last five years but only 136 (34.1%) participants had sought eye care consultation. Those who had any education (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.2), had blindness (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.4-5.2), and cataract (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.0-4.3) as a cause of unilateral VI were more like to seek eye care consultations. The most commonly reported reasons for not seeking eye care services were "do not have money for eye checkup" in 30.7% of the participants followed by "do not have a serious problem" (30.0%). CONCLUSION A large proportion of rural population though noticed a change in their vision did not seek eye care due to financial and person-related reasons. Eye care service providers need to address these barriers to enhance the uptake of eye care services among those with unilateral VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Marmamula
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao, International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India; Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India; Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance Fellow, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India; School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Pyda Giridhar
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao, International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Rohit C Khanna
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao, International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India; Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India; School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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Dharanesha NK, Giridhar P, Byregowda SM, Venkatesh MD, Ananda KJ. Seasonal prevalence of blood parasitic diseases in crossbred cattle of Mysore and its surrounding districts of Karnataka. J Parasit Dis 2017; 41:773-777. [PMID: 28848277 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-017-0887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study report the seasonal prevalence of blood parasitic diseases in cross bred cattle in Mysore and its surrounding districts of Karnataka such as Mandya, Chamaraj Nagar and Kodagu. The study was undertaken for a period of 2 years from August 2013 to July 2015. A total of 1655 blood samples were collected from clinically suspected cattle for blood parasitic diseases with clinical symptoms of anorexia, high fever, anaemia, salivation, enlargement of superficial lymphnodes, haemoglobinuria and sudden drop in milk yield. The blood samples were examined by giemsa's staining technique. Of the 1655 blood samples screened, 673 (40.22%) blood samples were found positive for blood parasites. Amid 673 positive samples, 609 (90.49%), 19 (2.82%) and 45 (6.68%) were found positive for Theileria annulata, Babesia bigemina and Anaplasma marginale respectively. The season wise prevalence revealed that, the highest prevalence was observed in summer months (March-June) (43.17%) followed by rainy (July-October) (39.53%) and winter season (November-February) (39.35%). Further, the month wise prevalence showed highest in August (77.64%) (Rainy month) followed by November (38.23%) and January (35.93%). During August-2013 to July 2014 and between August-2014 and July 2015, the highest was found in the month of May (85%) followed by July (70%) and April (69.81%). Theileriosis was most prevalent in summer (92.73%) followed by rainy (90.95%) and winter season (87.61%). Babesiosis was most prevalent in winter season (5.04%) followed by rainy (1.8%) and summer season (1.7%) whereas, Anaplasmosis was most prevalent in rainy season (7.23%) followed by winter (6.88%) and summer season (5.55%) during two years of study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Dharanesha
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Information Centre, IAH&VB, KVAFSU, City Veterinary Hospital Compound, Dhanvantri Road, Mysore, 570001 India
| | - P Giridhar
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biological, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024 India
| | - S M Byregowda
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biological, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024 India
| | - M D Venkatesh
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biological, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024 India
| | - K J Ananda
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary College, Shivamogga, 577204 India
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Giridhar P, Bhushana Reddy M, Neelima G, Ramanaiah R, Nagamuni Reddy K, Sahadeva Reddy V, Sudhakar Reddy B. Optical analysis of RE(3+) (RE = Pr(3) (+) , Er(3) (+) and Nd(3) (+) ):cadmium lead boro tellurite glasses. LUMINESCENCE 2016; 31:1237-41. [PMID: 26813848 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This article reports on the optical characterization of Pr(3) (+) -, Er(3) (+) - and Nd(3) (+) -doped cadmium lead boro tellurite (CLBT) glasses prepared using the melt quenching method. The visible-near infrared (Vis-NIR) absorption spectra of these glasses were analyzed systematically. On measuring the NIR emission spectra of Er(3) (+) :CLBT glasses, a broad emission band centered at 1536 nm ((4) I13 /2 → (4) I15 /2 ) was observed, as were three NIR emission bands at 900 nm ((4) F3 /2 → (4) I9 /2 ), 1069 nm ((4) F3 /2 → (4) I11 /2 ) and 1338 nm ((4) F3 /2 → (4) I13 /2 ) from Nd(3) (+) :CLBT glasses and an NIR emission band at 1334 nm ((1) G4 → (3) H5 ) from Pr(3) (+) :CLBT glasses at an excitation wavelength (λex ) of 514.5 nm (Ar(+) laser). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Giridhar
- Department of Physics, S.V. Degree College, Kadapa, 516003, India
| | - M Bhushana Reddy
- Department of Physics, S.V. Degree College, Kadapa, 516003, India
| | - G Neelima
- Department of Physics, S.V. Degree College, Kadapa, 516003, India
| | - R Ramanaiah
- Department of Physics, S.V. Degree College, Kadapa, 516003, India
| | - K Nagamuni Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, S.V. Degree College, Kadapa, 516003, India
| | - V Sahadeva Reddy
- Department of Physics, S.V. Degree College, Kadapa, 516003, India
| | - B Sudhakar Reddy
- Department of Physics, S.V. Degree College, Kadapa, 516003, India
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Javare Gowda AK, Dharanesha NK, Giridhar P, Byre Gowda SM. Cobboldia elephantis (Cobbold, 1866) larval infestation in an Indian elephant (Elephas maximus). J Parasit Dis 2016; 41:364-366. [PMID: 28615841 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-016-0805-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, post-mortem was conducted on a female elephant aged about 37 years died at Rajeev Gandhi National Park, Hunsur, Mathigoodu Elephant Camp, Karnataka state. The animal suffered with diarrhoea, anorexia, dehydration and was unable to walk for about one week before death and was treated with antibiotics and fluid therapy for three days. The post-mortem examination revealed that, the gastric mucosa was severely congested, hyperaemic and numerous stomach bots attached to the mucosa. The bots were recovered from the gastric mucosa and processed for species identification. The posterior spiracles of the bots showed three longitudinal parallel slits in each spiracle, the abdominal segments had a row of belt like triangular shaped spines and the anterior end had two powerful oral hooks with cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton. Based on the above said morphological characters, the bots were identified as Cobboldia elephantis. This seems to be the first report of C. elephantis in free range wild elephant from Karnataka state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda K Javare Gowda
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Shimoga, 577204 India
| | - N K Dharanesha
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Information Centre, IAH&VB, KVAFSU, Dhanvantry Road, Mysore, 570001 India
| | - P Giridhar
- Disease Investigation and Research, Institute of Animal Health &Veterinary Biologicals, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024 India
| | - S M Byre Gowda
- Institute of Animal Health &Veterinary Biologicals, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024 India
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Khanna RC, Murthy GVS, Marmamula S, Mettla AL, Giridhar P, Banerjee S, Shekhar K, Chakrabarti S, Gilbert C, Rao GN. Longitudinal Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study: rationale, study design and research methodology. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015; 44:95-105. [DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit C Khanna
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care; L V Prasad Eye Institute; Banjara Hills India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre; L V Prasad Eye Institute; Banjara Hills India
| | - Gudlavalleti VS Murthy
- Indian Institute of Public Health; Hyderabad India
- International Centre for Eye Health, Department of Clinical Research; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; London United Kingdom
| | - Srinivas Marmamula
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care; L V Prasad Eye Institute; Banjara Hills India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre; L V Prasad Eye Institute; Banjara Hills India
| | - Asha Latha Mettla
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care; L V Prasad Eye Institute; Banjara Hills India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre; L V Prasad Eye Institute; Banjara Hills India
| | - Pyda Giridhar
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care; L V Prasad Eye Institute; Banjara Hills India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre; L V Prasad Eye Institute; Banjara Hills India
| | - Seema Banerjee
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care; L V Prasad Eye Institute; Banjara Hills India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre; L V Prasad Eye Institute; Banjara Hills India
| | - Konegari Shekhar
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care; L V Prasad Eye Institute; Banjara Hills India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre; L V Prasad Eye Institute; Banjara Hills India
| | | | - Clare Gilbert
- International Centre for Eye Health, Department of Clinical Research; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; London United Kingdom
| | - Gullapalli N Rao
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care; L V Prasad Eye Institute; Banjara Hills India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre; L V Prasad Eye Institute; Banjara Hills India
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Sharma D, Rath G, Gandhi A, Kumar P, Haresh K, Gupta S, Pandey R, Giridhar P. Low-Dose-Rate Versus High-Dose-Rate Versus Pulsed-Dose-Rate Intracavitary Brachytherapy in Cervical Carcinoma: A Monoinstitutional Comparative Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kumar P, Sharma D, Gandhi A, Giridhar P, Rath G, Kumar S, Gupta S, Pandey R. Pulsed-Dose-Rate Intracavitary Brachytherapy in Cervical Carcinoma: Long-term Results. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Betalains are vacuolar pigments composed of a nitrogenous core structure, betalamic acid [4-(2-oxoethylidene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid]. Betalamic acid condenses with imino compounds (cyclo-l-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine/its glucosyl derivatives), or amino acids/derivatives to form variety of betacyanins (violet) and betaxanthins (yellow), respectively. About 75 betalains have been structurally unambiguously identified from plants of about 17 families (known till date) out of 34 families under the order Caryophyllales, wherein they serve as chemosystematic markers. In this review, all the identified betalain structures are presented with relevant discussion. Also, an estimated annual production potential of betalains has been computed for the first time. In addition, mutual exclusiveness of anthocyanins and betalains has been discussed in the wake of new evidences. An inclusive list of betalain-accumulating plants reported so far has been presented here to highlight pigment occurrence and accumulation pattern. Betalain synthesis starts with hydroxylation of tyrosine to DOPA, and subsequent cleavage of aromatic ring of DOPA resulting to betalamic acid formation. This pathway consists of two key enzymes namely, bifunctional tyrosinase (hydroxylation and oxidation) and DOPA dioxygenase (O2-dependent aromatic ring cleavage). Various spontaneous cyclisation, condensation and glucosylation steps complement the extended pathway, which has been presented here comprehensively. The biosynthesis is affected by various ecophysiological factors including biotic and abiotic elicitors that can be manipulated to increase pigment production for commercial scale extraction. Betalains are completely safe to consume, and contribute to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Imtiyaj Khan
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India.
| | - P Giridhar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
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Sravan Kumar S, Manoj P, Giridhar P. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, chlorophyll content and antioxidant properties of native and defatted foliage of green leafy vegetables. J Food Sci Technol 2015; 52:8131-9. [PMID: 26604386 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
FTIR analysis for five selected green leafy vegetables (GLVs) viz., Hibiscus cannabinus L., (kenaf), H. sabdariffa L., (roselle), Basella alba L., (vine spinach), B. rubra L. (malabar spinach) and Rumex vesicarius L., (sorrel) confirmed the presence of free alcohol, intermolecular bonded alcohol, intramolecular bonded alcohol, alkane, aromatic compounds, imine or oxime or ketone or alkene, phenol and amine stretching. The chlorophyll content was higher in native leaves of B. alba (2.96 g/kg) than defatted samples (1.11 g/kg). Total phenolic content (TPC) in H. sabdariffa native methanol extractives is more (17.6 g/kg) than defatted leaves (9.67 g/kg). Native B. rubra methanol extractives exhibited highest total flavonoid content (TFC) (21.59 g/kg), while that of R. vesicarius was lowest (3.21 g/kg). In general, antioxidant activities showed a significant reduction in retention of antioxidants in both native and defatted GLVs samples of ethanol and methanol extractives. Methanol extractives showed significantly stronger antioxidant activity probably due to greater solubility of phenolics and destruction of cellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sravan Kumar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - P Manoj
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - P Giridhar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
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Kumar SS, Manoj P, Shetty NP, Prakash M, Giridhar P. Characterization of major betalain pigments -gomphrenin, betanin and isobetanin from Basella rubra L. fruit and evaluation of efficacy as a natural colourant in product (ice cream) development. J Food Sci Technol 2015; 52:4994-5002. [PMID: 26243919 PMCID: PMC4519477 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Basella rubra L. (Basellaceae) commonly known as Malabar spinach is a leafy vegetable which accumulates pigments in its fruits. To find out the feasibility of utilizing pigment rich extracts of its fruit as natural food colourant, fruits at different stages were analysed for pigment profiling, carbohydrate content, physical dimensions and weight. Total betalains content increased rapidly from early (green) through intermediate (half-done red-violet) to matured stage (red-violet). Maximum pigment content was observed in ripened fruits (143.76 mg/100 g fresh weight). The major betalain pigment characterized was gomphrenin I in ripened fruits (26.06 mg), followed by intermediate fruits (2.15 mg) and least in early fruits (0.23 mg) in 100 g of fresh deseeded fruits. Total carbohydrates content and the chroma values (redness) were also increased during ontogeny of B. rubra fruits. The textural characters of developing fruits showed the smoothness of green fruits with lower rupture force (0.16 N/s) than ripe ones (0.38 N/s). The pigment-rich fruit extract was used as natural colourant in ice-cream, to evaluate its effect on physicochemical properties and acceptability of the product. After six months of storage at -20 °C, 86.63 % colour was retained in ice-cream. The ice-cream had good overall sensorial quality and was liked by consumers indicating that addition of B. rubra fruit extract did not alter the sensory quality of the product. The colour values also indicate that there was no significant decrease of this pigment-rich extracts of fruits for its incorporation in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sravan Kumar
- />Plant Cell Biotechnology Departments, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
| | - P. Manoj
- />Plant Cell Biotechnology Departments, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
| | - N. P. Shetty
- />Plant Cell Biotechnology Departments, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
| | - Maya Prakash
- />Sensory Science Department, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysore, 570020 India
| | - P. Giridhar
- />Plant Cell Biotechnology Departments, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
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Shashidhar GM, Giridhar P, Manohar B. Functional polysaccharides from medicinal mushroom Cordyceps sinensis as a potent food supplement: extraction, characterization and therapeutic potentials – a systematic review. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13539c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a rich source of novel polysaccharides, Cordyceps sinensis (CS), one of the valued traditional Chinese medicinal fungi, is a major focus of many natural products research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. M. Shashidhar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- New Delhi
- India
- Department of Food Engineering
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute
| | - P. Giridhar
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute
- Mysore
- India
| | - B. Manohar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- New Delhi
- India
- Department of Food Engineering
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute
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Dharanesha N, Muniyellapa H, Ananda K, Giridhar P, Byregowda S, Ranganath G, Shivshankar B. Pathological study of acute fasciolosis in goats in Karnataka. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5958/0973-970x.2015.00078.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hegde R, Gomes AR, Giridhar P, Kowalli S, Shivashankar BP, Sudharshana KJ, Nagaraj K, Sesharao R, Mallinath KC, Shankar BP, Nagaraj D, Seema CM, Khan TA, Nagaraj GV, Srikala K, Dharanesh NK, Venkatesha MD, Renukaprasad C. Epidemiology of foot and mouth disease in Karnataka state, India: a retrospective study. Virusdisease 2014; 25:504-9. [PMID: 25674631 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-014-0239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A retrospective study on the epidemiology of foot and- mouth disease (FMD) in Karnataka, India between the years 1977 and 2012-13 based on the data collected through passive and active surveillance was undertaken. A total of 11,159 outbreaks with 0.271 million cases of FMD were recorded from 30 different revenue districts of Karnataka. There was a significant difference between the years for the annual incidence of FMD (P = <0.001, F = 19.10) and also between the months (P = <0.001, F = 4.22). Cattle and buffaloes were the predominant species affected being involved in all of the outbreaks reported. A significant correlation was observed between livestock density and the number of outbreaks reported (r = 0.70, p < 0.02), and number of cases (r = 0.76, p < 0.01) for all the agro-climatic zones. The Central dry zone (n = 2257, 19.89 %) reported the highest number of outbreaks followed by the Northern dry zone (n = 1881, 16.58 %) and the Southern transition zone (n = 1761, 15.52 %), and attack rates were concentrated in the North/Northeastern/Central dry and transition zones. A large majority of the outbreaks were caused by serotype O (64.04 %), followed by Asia 1 (19.87 %) and A (12.27 %). Serotype C was not reported since 1993 in the state. In recent years, serotype O has dominated (82.59 %), with the rest of the outbreaks being almost equally caused by A (9.01 %) and Asia 1 (8.40 %). The study highlights the significance of the O serotype and cattle as the main indicator species in the epidemiology of FMD in Karnataka, India. The findings from this study can be used as baseline epidemiological data for further research to identify endemic and epidemic areas for the development of a sustainable programme for the progressive control of FMD in the state of Karnataka as well as other endemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveendra Hegde
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore India 560 024
| | - Amitha R Gomes
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore India 560 024
| | - P Giridhar
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore India 560 024
| | - Srikanth Kowalli
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore India 560 024
| | - B P Shivashankar
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore India 560 024
| | - K J Sudharshana
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore India 560 024
| | - K Nagaraj
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore India 560 024
| | - R Sesharao
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore India 560 024
| | - K C Mallinath
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore India 560 024
| | - B P Shankar
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore India 560 024
| | - D Nagaraj
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore India 560 024
| | - C M Seema
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore India 560 024
| | - Tanveer Ahmed Khan
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore India 560 024
| | - G V Nagaraj
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore India 560 024
| | - K Srikala
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore India 560 024
| | - N K Dharanesh
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore India 560 024
| | - M D Venkatesha
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore India 560 024
| | - C Renukaprasad
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore India 560 024
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Khan MI, Giridhar P. Enhanced chemical stability, chromatic properties and regeneration of betalains in Rivina humilis L. berry juice. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Saini RK, Manoj P, Shetty NP, Srinivasan K, Giridhar P. Dietary iron supplements and Moringa oleifera leaves influence the liver hepcidin messenger RNA expression and biochemical indices of iron status in rats. Nutr Res 2014; 34:630-8. [PMID: 25150122 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of iron depletion and repletion on biochemical and molecular indices of iron status were investigated in growing male Wistar rats. We hypothesized that iron from Moringa leaves could overcome the effects of iron deficiency and modulate the expression of iron-responsive genes better than conventional iron supplements. Iron deficiency was induced by feeding rats an iron-deficient diet for 10 weeks, whereas control rats were maintained on an iron-sufficient diet (35.0-mg Fe/kg diet). After the depletion period, animals were repleted with different source of iron, in combination with ascorbic acid. Iron deficiency caused a significant (P < .05) decrease in serum iron and ferritin levels by 57% and 40%, respectively, as compared with nondepleted control animals. Significant changes in the expression (0.5- to100-fold) of liver hepcidin (HAMP), transferrin, transferrin receptor-2, hemochromatosis type 2, ferroportin 1, ceruloplasmin, and ferritin-H were recorded in iron-depleted and iron-repleted rats, as compared with nondepleted rats (P < .05). Dietary iron from Moringa leaf was found to be superior compared with ferric citrate in overcoming the effects of iron deficiency in rats. These results suggest that changes in the relative expression of liver hepcidin messenger RNA can be used as a sensitive molecular marker for iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Saini
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India
| | - P Manoj
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India
| | - N P Shetty
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India
| | - K Srinivasan
- Biochemistry & Nutrition Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India
| | - P Giridhar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India.
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Giridhar P, Zein El Abedin S, Bund A, Ispas A, Endres F. Electrodeposition of Niobium from 1-Butyl-1-Methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide Ionic Liquid. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.02.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Akitha Devi MK, Giridhar P. Isoflavone Augmentation in Soybean Cell Cultures Is Optimized Using Response Surface Methodology. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:3143-3149. [PMID: 24678665 DOI: 10.1021/jf500207x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycine max contains potential therapeutic isoflavones, and its productivity in plants is considerably influenced worldwide by several biotic and abiotic factors. Optimization of soybean cell suspension cultures (Indian variety, JS 335) to maximize the cell growth and isoflavone production in the present study was performed using response surface methodology (RSM) with three independent variables of plant growth regulators, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 1-naphthalene acetic acid (α-NAA), and kinetin (Kn). The maximum biomass achieved was 70.62 g/L dry weight (dw) using the optimized medium of 2.10 mg/L 2,4-D, 5.52 mg/L α-NAA, and 0.35 mg/L Kn supplemented in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium. The total isoflavone content of 38.59 mg/g of dw was obtained in the medium with optimized conditions of 1.33 mg/L 2,4-D, 1.76 mg/L α-NAA, and 0.15 mg/L Kn. In comparison to field-grown soybean seeds, the cell suspension cultures profoundly augmented isoflavone concentrations. The optimized conditions for both biomass and total isoflavone content were evaluated by superimposing the contour plots. The results suggested that the optimized medium of cell suspension cultures possibly be used for scale-up studies in bioreactors to offer a high content of bioactive isoflavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Akitha Devi
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI) , Mysore 570 020, India
| | - P Giridhar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI) , Mysore 570 020, India
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Sravan Kumar S, Manoj P, Giridhar P. A method for red-violet pigments extraction from fruits of Malabar spinach (Basella rubra) with enhanced antioxidant potential under fermentation. J Food Sci Technol 2014; 52:3037-43. [PMID: 25892806 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Basella rubra fruit juice with a total soluble solids content of 5 to 9 (0)Brix was fermented using the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An 87.5 % of conversion of fermentable sugar was achieved. The TSS ((0)Brix) reduced from 0.60 (0)Brix to 0.17 (0)Brix (71.67 % decrease in TSS) upon performing fermentation of fruit juice water extract with Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 2. There was 8 folds reduction in pigment quality as evidenced from fermentation. Besides, the potential increase of phenolics, thanks to a higher content of total betalains in general and betacyanins in particular when fermentation was carried out with S. cerevisiae strain 3. The DPPH (2, 2 -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate) free radical scavenging potential (IC50) of fermented juice (1.9 mg.ml(-1)) was significant over control (2.4 mg.ml(-1)) extracts of B. rubra. The reducing power of fermented extracts was significantly high compared to control samples. The multiple antioxidant activity of fermented extract was also evident by significant reducing power assay when compared to its control samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sravan Kumar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - P Manoj
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - P Giridhar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
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Saini RK, Shetty NP, Giridhar P. GC-FID/MS Analysis of Fatty Acids in Indian Cultivars of Moringa oleifera: Potential Sources of PUFA. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-014-2439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Saini RK, Shetty NP, Prakash M, Giridhar P. Effect of dehydration methods on retention of carotenoids, tocopherols, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity in Moringa oleifera leaves and preparation of a RTE product. J Food Sci Technol 2014; 51:2176-82. [PMID: 25190880 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fresh leaves of M. oleifera plants were analysed for nutritionally important phytoconstituents and feasible commercially used dehydration method were evaluated to preserve these in dehydrated leaves. Trans-lutein, trans-β-carotene and trans-zeaxanthin were found as the major carotenoids in fresh leaves, accounting for 36.9, 18.2 and 5.5 mg/100 g FW, respectively. Similarly, high amounts of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and total phenolic content (271.0, 36.9 and 512.0 mg/100 g FW), respectively were recorded in leaves. α-tocopherol was the most stable vitamin under all drying conditions (86.4 % retention during oven drying), compare to other studied phytoconstituents. Cabinet tray drying was found as efficient as lyophilisation to retain maximum content of total carotenoids (60.1 %), trans-β-carotene (90.1 %), 13-cis-lutein (93.2 %), and DPPH activity, however, lutein (51.3 %) and ascorbic acid (97.8 %) was best preserved by lyophilisation. During dehydration, significant trans to cis isomerization of β-carotene and lutein was also recorded. A ready to eat (RTE) chutney powder (adjunct) was developed from dehydrated leaves. The product was evaluated using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis and was accepted with a high overall quality score. The present investigation explores the nutritional potential of M. oleifera leaves and suitable methods of drying that could be useful for processed food formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Saini
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - N P Shetty
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - Maya Prakash
- Sensory Science Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - P Giridhar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
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Giridhar P, Weidenfeller B, El Abedin SZ, Endres F. Electrodeposition of iron and iron–aluminium alloys in an ionic liquid and their magnetic properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:9317-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00613e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Khanna RC, Murthy GVS, Giridhar P, Krishnaiah S, Pant HB, Palamaner Subash Shantha G, Chakrabarti S, Gilbert C, Rao GN. Cataract, visual impairment and long-term mortality in a rural cohort in India: the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78002. [PMID: 24282482 PMCID: PMC3837009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large-scale prevalence survey of blindness and visual impairment (The Andhra Pradesh Eye Diseases Study [APEDS1]) was conducted between 1996-2000 on 10,293 individuals of all ages in three rural and one urban clusters in Andhra Pradesh, Southern India. More than a decade later (June 2009-March 2010), APEDS1 participants in rural clusters were traced (termed APEDS2) to determine ocular risk factors for mortality in this longitudinal cohort. METHODS AND FINDINGS Mortality hazard ratio (HR) analysis was performed for those aged >30 years at APEDS1, using Cox proportional hazard regression models to identify associations between ocular exposures and risk of mortality. Blindness and visual impairment (VI) were defined using Indian definitions. 799/4,188 (19.1%) participants had died and 308 (7.3%) had migrated. Mortality was higher in males than females (p<0.001). In multivariable analysis, after adjusting for age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, body mass index, smoking and education status the mortality HR was 1.9 (95% CI: 1.5-2.5) for blindness; 1.4 (95% CI: 1.2-1.7) for VI; 1.8 (95% CI: 1.4-2.3) for pure nuclear cataract, 1.5 (95% CI: 1.1-2.1) for pure cortical cataract; 1.96 (95% CI: 1.6-2.4) for mixed cataract, 2.0 (95% CI: 1.4-2.9) for history of cataract surgery, and 1.58 (95% CI: 1.3-1.9) for any cataract. When all these factors were included in the model, the HRs were attenuated, being 1.5 (95% CI: 1.1-2.0) for blindness and 1.2 (95% CI: 0.9-1.5) for VI. For lens type, the HRs were as follows: pure nuclear cataract, 1.6 (95% CI: 1.3-2.1); pure cortical cataract, 1.5 (95% CI: 1.1-2.1); mixed cataract, 1.8 (95% CI: 1.4-2.2), and history of previous cataract surgery, 1.8 (95% CI: 1.3-2.6). CONCLUSIONS All types of cataract, history of cataract surgery and VI had an increased risk of mortality that further suggests that these could be potential markers of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit C. Khanna
- Allen Foster Research Centre for Community Eye Health, International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Gudlavalleti V. S. Murthy
- International Centre for Eye Health, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pyda Giridhar
- Allen Foster Research Centre for Community Eye Health, International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sannapaneni Krishnaiah
- Allen Foster Research Centre for Community Eye Health, International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hira B. Pant
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ghanshyam Palamaner Subash Shantha
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Clare Gilbert
- International Centre for Eye Health, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gullapalli N. Rao
- Allen Foster Research Centre for Community Eye Health, International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Akitha Devi MK, Giridhar P. Variations in Physiological Response, Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant Enzyme Activities, Proline and Isoflavones Content in Soybean Varieties Subjected to Drought Stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-013-0244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Khan MI, Harsha PSCS, Chauhan AS, Vijayendra SVN, Asha MR, Giridhar P. Betalains rich Rivina humilis L. berry extract as natural colorant in product (fruit spread and RTS beverage) development. J Food Sci Technol 2013; 52:1808-13. [PMID: 25745261 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Rivina humilis L. (Phytolaccaceae) or pigeon berry accumulates betalains in its berries. It is reported that the berries are safe to consume, rich in nutrient content and exhibit efficient biological activity. In this report, Rivina berry extract was used as natural colorant in fruit spread and beverage to evaluate its effect on physicochemical properties and acceptability of the product. Results showed that 68 % color retained in Rivina banana spread after 6 months of storage at 5 °C, though there was reduction in L, a and chroma values. Rivina banana beverage lost redness completely during processing. Microbial analysis of the products indicated that they were safe for consumption. The spread had good overall sensorial quality and was liked by consumers indicating that addition of Rivina berry extract did not alter product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Imtiyaj Khan
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Central Food Technological Research Institute (A Constituent Laboratory of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi), Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - P S C Sri Harsha
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Central Food Technological Research Institute (A Constituent Laboratory of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi), Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - A S Chauhan
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, Central Food Technological Research Institute (A Constituent Laboratory of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi), Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - S V N Vijayendra
- Department of Food Microbiology, Central Food Technological Research Institute (A Constituent Laboratory of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi), Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - M R Asha
- Department of Sensory Science, Central Food Technological Research Institute (A Constituent Laboratory of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi), Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - P Giridhar
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Central Food Technological Research Institute (A Constituent Laboratory of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi), Mysore, 570 020 India
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Shashidhar M, Giridhar P, Udaya Sankar K, Manohar B. Bioactive principles from Cordyceps sinensis: A potent food supplement - A review. J Funct Foods 2013; 5:1013-1030. [PMID: 32288795 PMCID: PMC7104994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducing the importance of Cordyceps sinensis (CS) and its economics. Alternative artificial cultivation methods for large scale production to meet the world demand for CS. Chemical characterization of compounds in different extracts of CS. Potential health benefits and mechanism of action of compounds in CS. Possible application of whole fungus or its extracts in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Cordyceps sinensis (CS) is a well-known entamophagus fungus, naturally distributed in the Tibetan Plateau of Asia and Himalayas. Recently this synonym is transferred to Ophiocordyceps by both scientific and non-scientific communities. It is widely used as a tonic and medicinal food in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as it possess wonderful health benefits. To support its functional attributes, various investigations have been carried out to find out its adaptogenic, aphrodisiac, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, neuroprotective, nootropic, immunomodulatory, anti-cancer and hepatoprotective role. Its fruiting portion as well as the larvae possesses potent bio-active fractions and their composition almost found to be similar in both. The bioactive principles are nucleosides, exo-polysaccharides, sterols and, proteins, among others. Among nucleosides, adenosine and cordycepin are the major biochemical markers. Further, different types of solvent extracts and their mixtures exhibit wide range of pharmacological activities, while the water and methanol extracts with the richest sources of nucleosides and polysaccharides also show wide range of pharmacological activities. This review gives a panoramic view of potential health benefits of various classes of bio-active fractions along with the need for sustainable management of CS for human wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.G. Shashidhar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial research, New Delhi, India
- Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - P. Giridhar
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - K. Udaya Sankar
- Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - B. Manohar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial research, New Delhi, India
- Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
- Corresponding author at: Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India. Fax: +91 821 2517233.
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Khanna RC, Marmamula S, Krishnaiah S, Giridhar P, Chakrabarti S, Rao GN. Changing trends in the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in a rural district of India: systematic observations over a decade. Indian J Ophthalmol 2013; 60:492-7. [PMID: 22944766 PMCID: PMC3491282 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Globally, limited data are available on changing trends of blindness from a single region. Aims: To report the changing trends in the prevalence of blindness, visual impairment (VI), and visual outcomes of cataract surgery in a rural district of Andhra Pradesh, India, over period of one decade. Settings and Design: Rural setting; cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: Using a validated Rapid Assessment of Cataract Surgical Services (RACSS) method, population-based, cross-sectional survey was done in a rural district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Two-stage sampling procedure was used to select participants ≥50 years of age. Further, a comparative analysis was done with participants ≥50 years from the previously concluded Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS) study, who belonged to the same district. Statistical Analysis: Done using 11th version of Stata. Results: Using RACSS, 2160/2300 (93.9%) participants were examined as compared with the APEDS dataset (n=521). Age and sex adjusted prevalence of blindness in RACSS and APEDS was 8% (95% CI, 6.9–9.1%) and 11% (95% CI, 8.3–13.7%), while that of VI was 13.6% (95% CI, 12.2–15.1%) and 40.3% (95% CI, 36.1–44.5%), respectively. Cataract was the major cause of blindness in both the studies. There was a significant reduction in blindness following cataract surgery as observed through RACSS (17.3%; 95% CI, 13.5–21.8%) compared with APEDS (34%; 95% CI, 20.9–49.3%). Conclusion: There was a significant reduction in prevalence of blindness and VI in this rural district of India over a decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit C Khanna
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care; Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, LV Prasad Marg, Road No #2, Banjarahills, Hyderabad, India
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Devi MKA, Sakthivelu G, Giridhar P, Ravishankar GA. Protocol for augmented shoot organogenesis in selected variety of soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)]. Indian J Exp Biol 2012; 50:729-34. [PMID: 23214267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Development of a reproducible, versatile and efficient in vitro plant regeneration system is highly warranted for Indian soybean varieties for their mass multiplication in view of their commercial significance. Accordingly a protocol for direct shoot organogenesis in soybean variety JS 335 has been developed. Using cotyledonary node explants significant organogenic responses, mean shoot number and shoot length were observed when these were incubated on MS medium supplemented with 0.89 microM Benzyladenine (BA) and 5 microg/L triacontanol (TRIA) where in 9.3 +/- 0.5 shoots were obtained. TRIA at 5 microg/L able to produce 6.8 +/- 0.5 shoot buds in presence of 0.98 microM IBA and 0.89 microM BA. Highest mean shoot buds (14.0 +/- 0.5 and 9.0 +/- 0.5) and mean shoot length (4.6 +/- 0.3 and 10.0 +/- 0.7) were obtained when cotyledonary node and shoot tip explants were cultured on MS medium containing 0.14 microM gibberellic acid (GA3), 0.89 microM BA and 5 microg/L TRIA. Moreover, TRIA supported highest mean root number (6.3 +/- 0.5) and root length (21.5 +/- 0.57 cm). Field survival of in vitro derived plants of TRIA treatment was 70% and the overall growth and seed yield was also significantly better than control plants. This protocol may be used for improving the in vitro regeneration of soybean variety JS 335 for transformation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Akitha Devi
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore 570 020, India
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Giridhar P, Mahendranath G, Venugopalan A, Ravishankar GA. Enhanced Yield of Food Colourant Annatto from Seeds of Bixa orellana L.: The Efficacy of Polyamines Floral Spray. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-012-0058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Khan MI, Sri Harsha P, Giridhar P, Ravishankar G. Pigment identification, nutritional composition, bioactivity, and in vitro cancer cell cytotoxicity of Rivina humilis L. berries, potential source of betalains. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2012.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Giridhar P, Zein El Abedin S, Endres F. Electrodeposition of aluminium from 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium chloride/AlCl3 and mixtures with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride/AlCl3. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Raju KV, Sailaja S, Reddy MB, Giridhar P, Raju CN, Reddy BS. Effect of concentration on the photoluminescence properties of Sm3+ and Dy3+: cadmium lithium boro tellurite glasses. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:1662-1666. [PMID: 22630024 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.4607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rare-earth (Sm3+ or Dy3+) ions doped cadmium lithium boro tellurite glasses have been prepared by melt quenching method for their spectral studies. From X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns the glass amorphous nature has been confirmed. Vis-NIR absorption, excitation and emission spectra of these glasses have been analyzed systematically and also rare earth ion concentration is optimised Sm3+: CLiBT glasses have shown strong orange-reddish emission at 598 nm (4G5/2-->6H7/2) with an excitation wavelength lambda(exci) = 401 nm and Dy3+: CLiBT glasses have shown strong yellow emission at 574 nm (6F9/2-->6H13/2) with lambda(exci) = 451 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vemasevana Raju
- Department of Physics (Research Centre), S. V Degree College, Kadapa 516003, India
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Khan MI, Denny Joseph KM, Muralidhara, Ramesh HP, Giridhar P, Ravishankar GA. Acute, subacute and subchronic safety assessment of betalains rich Rivina humilis L. berry juice in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:3154-7. [PMID: 21914457 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Rivina humilis L. (Phytolaccaceae) accumulates vacuolar pigments betalains. These pigments are synthesized by plants of 11 families in the order caryophyllales. Red beet is the only industrial source of these hydrophilic and low acidic pigments. Betalains rich R. humilis berry juice (RBJ) could be used as alternative source of these pigments. However, there is no information on safety of these berries. In this research work, RBJ was fed to adult (single-dose: 1, 2 and 5 g RBJ/kg bw) and growing (repeated-dosing: 2.5 and 5 g RBJ/kg bw for 35 days; dietary feeding: 0.5%, 1% and 2% RBJ in diet, w/w for 90 days) male rats to assess acute, subacute and subchronic toxic responses. In all the three studies, RBJ was well tolerated plus the feed intake, body and organ weights of RBJ administered groups were comparable to that of untreated control rats. Data on hematology, histology of vital organs, biochemical measurements in serum and liver of RBJ treated rats were comparable to that of control in repeated-dosing and subchronic dietary study. These results suggest that intake of RBJ does not affect growth and normal biochemical homeostasis. Hence, RBJ is safe to consume without any adverse effects in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Imtiyaj Khan
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute (A Constituent Laboratory of Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi), Mysore 570 020, India
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Reddy MB, Sailaja S, Raju KV, Raju CN, Giridhar P, Rao BV, Reddy BS. Synthesis and luminescence properties of Ca3Ga2Si3O12:RE3+ (RE = Eu/Tb) powder phosphors. LUMINESCENCE 2011; 26:680-4. [PMID: 21491579 DOI: 10.1002/bio.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rare earth ions (Eu(3+) or Tb(3+) )-activated Ca(3) Ga(2) Si(3) O(12) (CaGaSi) phosphors were synthesized by using a sol-gel method. Photoluminescence spectra of Eu(3+):CaGaSi phosphors exhibited five emission bands at 578, 592, 612, 652 and 701 nm, which were assigned to the transitions ((5)D(0) → (7)F(0), (7)F(1,)(7)F(2), (7)F(3) and (7)F(4)), respectively, with an excitation wavelength of λ(exci) = 392 nm. Among these, the transition (5) D(0) → (7) F(2) (612 nm) displayed bright red emission. In the case of Tb(3+):CaGaSi phosphors, four emission bands were observed at 488 ((5)D(4) → (7)F(6)), 543 ((5)D(4) → (7)F(5)), 584 ((5)D(4) → (7)F(4)) and 614 nm ((5)D(4) → (7) F(3) ) from the measurement of PL spectra with λ(exci) = 376 nm. Among these, the transition (5)D(4) → (7) F(5) at 543 nm displayed bright green emission. The structure and morphology of the phosphors were studied from the measurements of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhushana Reddy
- Department of Physics, SV Degree College, Kadapa, YSR District, 516003, India
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Ramakrishna A, Dayananda C, Giridhar P, Rajasekaran T, Ravishankar GA. Photoperiod influences endogenous indoleamines in cultured green alga Dunaliella bardawil. Indian J Exp Biol 2011; 49:234-240. [PMID: 21452604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Effect of light intensity and photoperiod on growth, indoleamines and carotenoid production was studied in unicellular green algae D. bardawil. Maximum biomass and carotenoid contents were found when cultures were grown in light (intensity of 2.0 Klux) at a photoperiod of 16/8h light and dark cycle. There was a profound influence of tested photoperiod conditions of light:dark viz. 8:16, 10:14, and 12:12 hr, continuous light on indoleamines (SER and MEL) production as estimated by HPLC and confirmed by mass spectral data obtained from LC-MS-ESI studies. Serotonin level increased from 908 to 1765 pg/g fresh wt with increase in light duration and melatonin level increased from 267 to 584 pg/g fresh wt during increase in dark phase. Carotenoids production was high in continuous light than other tested conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramakrishna
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Mysore 570 020, India
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