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Bajaj JS, Kumar N, Kaushal RK, Gururaj HL, Flammini F, Natarajan R. System and Method for Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Behavioral and Sensor-Based Physiological Measures. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:s23031292. [PMID: 36772333 PMCID: PMC9920860 DOI: 10.3390/s23031292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The amount of road accidents caused by driver drowsiness is one of the world's major challenges. These accidents lead to numerous fatal and non-fatal injuries which impose substantial financial strain on individuals and governments every year. As a result, it is critical to prevent catastrophic accidents and reduce the financial burden on society caused by driver drowsiness. The research community has primarily focused on two approaches to identify driver drowsiness during the last decade: intrusive and non-intrusive. The intrusive approach includes physiological measures, and the non-intrusive approach includes vehicle-based and behavioral measures. In an intrusive approach, sensors are used to detect driver drowsiness by placing them on the driver's body, whereas in a non-intrusive approach, a camera is used for drowsiness detection by identifying yawning patterns, eyelid movement and head inclination. Noticeably, most research has been conducted in driver drowsiness detection methods using only single measures that failed to produce good outcomes. Furthermore, these measures were only functional in certain conditions. This paper proposes a model that combines the two approaches, non-intrusive and intrusive, to detect driver drowsiness. Behavioral measures as a non-intrusive approach and sensor-based physiological measures as an intrusive approach are combined to detect driver drowsiness. The proposed hybrid model uses AI-based Multi-Task Cascaded Convolutional Neural Networks (MTCNN) as a behavioral measure to recognize the driver's facial features, and the Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) sensor as a physiological measure to collect the skin conductance of the driver that helps to increase the overall accuracy. Furthermore, the model's efficacy has been computed in a simulated environment. The outcome shows that the proposed hybrid model is capable of identifying the transition from awake to a drowsy state in the driver in all conditions with the efficacy of 91%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Singh Bajaj
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kaushal
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - H. L. Gururaj
- Department of Information Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
- Correspondence: (H.L.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Flammini
- IDSIA USI-SUPSI, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, 6928 Manno, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (H.L.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Rajesh Natarajan
- Information Technology Department, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Shinas, Shinas 324, Oman
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Sharma D, Prajapati AK, Choudhary R, Kaushal RK, Pal D, Sawarkar AN. Preparation and characterization of CuO catalyst for the thermolysis treatment of distillery wastewater. Environ Technol 2018; 39:2604-2612. [PMID: 28758881 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1362476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CuO catalyst was prepared from copper sulfate by alkali precipitation method followed by drying and calcination. Characterization of CuO catalyst using X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda surface area analysis envisaged the effectiveness of CuO as a catalyst for the treatment of biodigester effluent (BDE) emanated from distilleries. The catalytic thermolysis is an efficient advance treatment method for distillery biodigester effluent (BDE). CT treatment of BDE was carried out in a 0.5 dm3 thermolytic batch reactor using CuO as a catalyst at different pH (1-9), temperatures (80-110°C), and catalyst loadings (1-4 kg/m3). With CuO catalyst, a temperature of 110°C, catalyst loading of 4 kg/m3, and pH of 2 was found to be optimal, providing a maximum reduction in chemical oxygen demand of 65%. The settling characteristics at different temperatures of CT-treated sludge were also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Sharma
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Institute of Engineering and Science Indore , Indore , India
| | - Abhinesh Kumar Prajapati
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Institute of Engineering and Science Indore , Indore , India
| | - Rumi Choudhary
- b Department of Chemical Engineering , C.V. Raman College of Engineering , Bhubaneswar , Odisha , India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kaushal
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Institute of Engineering and Science Indore , Indore , India
| | - Dharm Pal
- c Department of Chemical Engineering , National Institute of Technology Raipur , Raipur , India
| | - Ashish N Sawarkar
- d Department of Chemical Engineering , Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad , Allahabad , India
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Science Indore, Indore, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Jena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Science Indore, Indore, India
| | - Preena Shrimal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Science Indore, Indore, India
| | - Parth Bagtharia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Science Indore, Indore, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kaushal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Science Indore, Indore, India
| | - Dharm Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, India
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Abstract
Perinatal listerial infection is the most common clinical syndrome caused by Listeria monocytogenes and includes abortion, still birth, neonatal sepsis, and meningitis. Reports of listeriosis from India are limited. Sub Himalayan . We report a case of neonatal listeriosis from Himachal Pradesh. A two-day-old full term male baby was referred from a peripheral hospital with fever listlessness, skin rash and non-acceptance of feed. Ceftriaxone was already started as an empirical therapy. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood of the baby, and also from the genital tract of the mother. Unfortunately, the baby died before the preliminary report could be communicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Mokta
- Department of Microbiology, IGMC, Shimla, India.
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Kaushal V, Chhina DK, Ram S, Singh G, Kaushal RK, Kumar R. Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri. J Assoc Physicians India 2008; 56:459-462. [PMID: 18822627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) due to Naegleria fowleri was detected in a 36-year-old, Indian countryman who had a history of taking bath in the village pond. He was admitted in a semi comatosed condition with severe frontal headache, neck stiffness, intermittent fever, nausea, vomiting, left hemiparesis and seizures. Computerized tomography (CT) scan of brain showed a soft tissue non-enhancing mass with erosion of sphenoid sinus. However CSF findings showed no fungal or bacterial pathogen. Trophozoites of Naegleria fowleri were detected in the direct microscopic examination of CSF and these were grown in culture on non-nutrient agar. The patient was put on amphotericin-B, rifampicin and ceftazidime but his condition deteriorated and was taken home by his relatives in a moribund condition against medical advice and subsequently died. A literature review of 7 previous reports of PAM in India is also presented. Four of theses eight cases were non lethal. The mean age was 13.06 years with male: female ratio of 7:1. History of contact with water was present in four cases. Trophozoites could be identified in all 8 cases in this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kaushal
- Department of Microbiology; Dayanand Medical College and Hospital (DMC & H), Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Kanwar SS, Verma HK, Pathak S, Kaushal RK, Kumar Y, Verma ML, Chimni SS, Chauhan GS. Enhancement of ethyl propionate synthesis by poly (AAc-co-HPMA-cl-MBAm)-immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC-4713, exposed to Hg2+ and NH4+ ions. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2006; 53:195-207. [PMID: 16956129 DOI: 10.1556/amicr.53.2006.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A purified alkaline thermo-tolerant bacterial lipase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC-4713 was immobilized on a poly (AAc-co-HPMA-cl-MBAm) hydrogel. The hydrogel-bound lipase achieved 93.6% esterification of ethanol and propionic acid (300 mM: 100 mM) into ethyl propionate at temperature 65 degrees C in 3 h in the presence of a molecular sieve (3 angstroms). In contrast, hydrogel-immobilized lipase pre-exposed to 5 mM of HgCl2 orNH4Cl resulted in approximately 97% conversion of reactants in 3 h into ethyl propionate under identical conditions. The salt-exposed hydrogel was relatively more efficient in repetitive esterification than the hydrogel-bound lipase not exposed to any of the cations. Moreover, bound lipase exposed Hg2+ or NH4+ ions showed altered specificity towards p-nitrophenyl esters and was more hydrolytic towards higher C-chain p-nitrophenyl esters (p-nitrophenyl laurate and p-nitrophenyl palmitate with C 12 and C 16 chain) than the immobilized lipase not exposed to any of the salts. The later showed greater specificity towards p-nitrophenyl caprylate (C 8).
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Kanwar
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla-171 005, India.
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Kanwar SS, Ghazi IA, Chimni SS, Joshi GK, Rao GV, Kaushal RK, Gupta R, Punj V. Purification and properties of a novel extra-cellular thermotolerant metallolipase of Bacillus coagulans MTCC-6375 isolate. Protein Expr Purif 2006; 46:421-8. [PMID: 16290008 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2005.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Revised: 10/04/2005] [Accepted: 10/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel extra-cellular lipase from Bacillus coagulans MTCC-6375 was purified 76.4-fold by DEAE anion exchange and Octyl Sepharose chromatography. The purified enzyme was found to be electrophoretically pure by denaturing gel electrophoresis and possessed a molecular mass of approximately 103 kDa. The lipase was optimally active at 45 degrees C and retained approximately 50% of its original activity after 20 min of incubation at 55 degrees C. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 8.5. Mg2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Hg2+, Al3+, and Fe3+ at 1mM enhanced hydrolytic activity of the lipase. Interestingly, Hg2+ ions resulted in a maximal increase in lipase activity but Zn2+ and Co2+ ions showed an antagonistic effect on this enzyme. EDTA at 150 mM concentration inhibited the activity of lipase but Hg2+ or Al3+ (10mM) restored most of the activity of EDTA-quenched lipase. Phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF, 15 mM) decreased 98% of original activity of lipase. The lipase was more specific to p-nitrophenyl esters of 8 (pNPC) and 16 (pNPP) carbon chain length esters. The lipase had a Vmax and Km of 0.44 mmol mg(-1)min(-1) and 28 mM for hydrolysis of pNPP, and 0.7 mmol mg(-1)min(-1) and 32 mM for hydrolysis of pNPC, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Kanwar
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-171 005, India.
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Kanwar SS, Kaushal RK, Sultana H, Chimni SS. Purification of a moderate thermotolerant Bacillus coagulans BTS1 lipase and its properties in a hydro-gel system. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2006; 53:77-87. [PMID: 16696551 DOI: 10.1556/amicr.53.2006.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An alkaline thermotolerant lipase of Bacillus coagulans BTS1 was successively purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE anion exchange chromatography. The purified lipase immobilized in alginate beads showed an optimal activity at pH 7.5 and 55 degrees C. A pH of 5.0 or 10.0 completely quenched the activity of immobilized lipase. The alginate-bound lipase retained its activity following exposure to most of the organic solvents including amines, alkanes and alcohols. Chloride salt of Al3+, Co2+, Mg2+ and NH4+ modulated the lipase activity of alginate-immobilized enzyme. The alginate entrapped lipase showed a preferentially high activity towards p-nitrophenyl palmitate (C: 16) and activity of matrix increased following exposure to SDS. Moreover, the immobilized lipase retained more than 50% of its activity after 3rd cycle of reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Kanwar
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla-171 005, India.
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Abstract
Summary A case of mucocutaneous sporotrichosis presenting as mycotic pansinusitis with polyposis with intracranial and intraorbital extension in a patient from Punjab, India is described. The patient had nasal discharge, sneezing and nasal obstruction for 12 years, had undergone repeated surgeries (for endoscopic clearance) but had recurrence. Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings revealed pansinusitis. A definitive diagnosis of sporotrichosis was established by culture of Sporothrix schenckii, verification of its dimorphic character and a positive pathogenicity test. The patient was successfully treated with potassium iodide and itraconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Mahajan G, Kaushal RK, Sankhyan N, Sharma RL, Nakra M. Transcutaneous bilirubinometer in assessment of neonatal jaundice in northern India. Indian Pediatr 2005; 42:41-5. [PMID: 15695857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken from April 2002 to March 2003 to find out the correlation of transcutaneous bilirubinometer index with serum bilirubin levels in term, pre-term, small for gestation age babies, with and without phototherapy in neonates with jaundice. Another aim was to evaluate the transcutaneous bilirubinometer as a screening device for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia by finding the action levels for TcBI at forehead and sternum at which sample for serum bilirubin estimation should be taken. A total of 104 neonates were evaluated. Mean (SD) age (hours), birth weight (grams) and gestational age (weeks) were 100.4 (37.90), 2264.9 (634.4) and 36.8 (2.9) respectively. Mean serum bilirubin was 16.6 (6) mg/dL. Overall a correlation coefficient of 0.878 at forehead and 0.859 at sternum was observed. On excluding infants receiving phototherapy coefficients of 0.900 at forehead and 0.908 at sternum were noted. Correlation coefficient over forehead and sternum was found to drop from 0.85 to as low as 0.33 with duration of phototherapy exceeding 48 hrs. Lastly the determined action levels had a sensitivity of 77.8 to 100 % in assessing the need for serum bilirubin estimation in various groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Mahajan
- Department of Pediatrics, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
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Abstract
Lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) is a tri-acylglycerol ester hydrolase, catalysing the hydrolysis of tri-, di-, and mono-acylglycerols to glycerol and fatty acids. To study the effect of adsorption of a lipase obtained from Bacillus coagulans BTS-1, its lipase was immobilized on native and activated (alkylated) matrices, i.e. silica and celite. The effect of pH, temperature, detergents, substrates, alcohols, organic solvent etc. on the stability of the immobilized enzyme was evaluated. The gluteraldahyde or formaldehyde (at 1% and 2% concentration, v/v) activated matrix was exposed to the Tris buffered lipase. The enzyme was adsorbed/entrapped more rapidly on to the activated silica than on the activated celite. The immobilized lipase showed optimal activity at 50 degrees C following one-hour incubation. The lipase was specifically more hydrolytic to the medium C-length ester (p-nitro phenyl caprylate than p-nitro phenyl laurate). The immobilization/entrapment enhanced the stability of the lipase at a relatively higher temperature (50 degrees C) and also promoted enzyme activity at an acidic pH (pH 5.5). Moreover, the immobilized lipase was quite resistant to the denaturing effect of SDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Kanwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer-Hill, Shimla-171 005, India.
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Jaswal RS, Kaushal RK, Goel A, Pathania K. Role of C-reactive protein in deciding duration of antibiotic therapy in neonatal septicemia. Indian Pediatr 2003; 40:880-3. [PMID: 14530549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were used to evaluate the duration of antibiotic therapy in 50 consecutive neonates with suspected septicemia. In 44 percent of cases therapy was stopped on 3rd day, as CRP was normal. In 8 percent antibiotics could be stopped within 5-7 days as CRP values returned to normal and in 48 percent therapy was extended beyond 7th day, as CRP values were high or rising persistently. Negative predictive value of serial CRP was 100 percent in deciding duration of antibiotic therapy in suspected neonatal septicemia up to 7 days. The correlation between positive CRP, raised micro ESR and positive blood culture was significant (p < 0.005).
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Jaswal
- Department of Pediatrics, I.G. Medical College, Shimla 171 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Kaushal RK, Bansal S, Sharma VK, Sood A, Goyal A. Urinary tract infection among children presenting with Fever. Indian Pediatr 2003; 40:269-70. [PMID: 12657768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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Sharma M, Sharma VK, Kaushal RK, Chaudhury S. Hot water epilepsy. Indian Pediatr 2002; 39:879-80. [PMID: 12368540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Singh G, Ram S, Kaushal V, Kumar S, Bhatia RC, Raizada N, Kaushal RK. Risk of seizures and neurocysticercosis in household family contacts of children with single enhancing lesions. J Neurol Sci 2000; 176:131-5. [PMID: 10930596 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(00)00341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A small, single enhancing lesion (SEL) is often noted upon computed tomography (CT) in children and young adults with recent focal or generalized seizures. A high frequency of seizures has been reported in family members of persons with SEL. We studied the prevalence of seizures and cysticercus electro-immuno-transfer blot (EITB) based seropositivity among family members, specifically household family contacts of pediatric subjects with a SEL. An attempt was also made to determine the etiology of seizures in household family contacts using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Information regarding seizure semiology, personal and food habits and detailed family pedigrees was obtained from 20 consecutive pediatric subjects with a SEL and 51 of their household family contacts. EITB sero-assays and stool examinations were performed on all participating subjects. MRIs were done on all EITB positive household family contacts. A family history of seizures was obtained in six index children (30%) (five household first-degree relatives and two distant relatives). Seventeen index children (85%) and 14 family contacts (27%) were EITB positive. A tendency towards clustering of EITB positive cases within individual families was observed. Stool examinations did not reveal Taenia species ova in any of EITB positive subjects. Neuroimaging studies revealed abnormalities consistent with active or inactive neurocysticercosis in all five household family contacts with history of seizures. Four of these five subjects were EITB positive and one was EITB negative. We concluded that children with SEL and seizures may have a family history of seizures. There is a high seropositivity rate in household family contacts of pediatric subjects with solitary cysticercus granulomas (SCGs). EITB based seropositivity in household family contacts with seizures, strongly predicts a cysticercal etiology for seizures. It may be worthwhile to screen household family contacts of children with SEL for taeniasis-cysticercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Singh
- Department of Medicine, Dayanand Medical College, 141001, Punjab, Ludhiana, India.
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Abstract
Two cases of trichobezoar with unusual presentation in rural female children are described. The first one in a healthy asymptomatic child with no abnormal psychological behaviour and other one in an emotionally disturbed child with history of trichotillomania. Both were treated surgically with no recurrence. A physical sign of indentibility is discussed and literature is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Sood
- Department of Paediatrics, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla
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Singh G, Kaushal V, Ram S, Kaushal RK, Dhanuka AK, Khurana S. Cysticercus immunoblot assay in patients with single, small enhancing lesions and multilesional neurocysticercosis. J Assoc Physicians India 1999; 47:476-9. [PMID: 10778553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A single, small (< 20 mm), ring or disc shaped contrast enhancing lesion located at the cortical-subcortical junction with minimal or no surrounding edema on computed tomography is the commonest mode of presentation of neurocysticercosis in the Indian subcontinent. Serum samples of 37 patients with these single, small enhancing lesions (SSEL's) and five patients with typical multilesional parenchymal neurocysticercosis were tested by the electro-immunoblot transfer (EITB) assay and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). EITB was positive in 18 patients (48.64%) and ELISA was positive in 21 patients (56.76%) with SSEL's. On the other hand EITB was positive in all five patients (100%) and ELISA was positive in four patients (80%) with multilesional neurocysticercosis. The low sensitivity of the EITB in the SSEL's is probably linked to an insufficient immune stimulation provided by a single cysticercus cyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Singh
- Dept of Neurology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India
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Bahl L, Sharma VK, Kaushal RK. Experience with diarrhea training and treatment unit in Shimla. Indian Pediatr 1997; 34:527-34. [PMID: 9357209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Bahl
- Department of Pediatrics, I.G. Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh
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Bahl L, Kaushal RK. Nutritional status, social awareness and attitude towards marriage of adolescents in a tribal ICDS block of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Pediatr 1994; 31:1094-7. [PMID: 7883369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Bahl
- Department of Pediatrics, I.G. Medical College, Shimla
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Parmar VR, Grover N, Randhawa I, Bahl L, Kaushal RK. Perinatal mortality in Shimla (Himachal Pradesh). Indian Pediatr 1994; 31:833-6. [PMID: 7890347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V R Parmar
- Department of Pediatrics, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh
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Dattal MS, Kaushal RK, Bahl L, Kumar V, Singh A, Sharma VK. Childhood morbidity in mobile hospital camps in Himachal Pradesh. Indian Pediatr 1989; 26:820-3. [PMID: 2620984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Dattal MS, Behl L, Kaushal RK, Sharma SL. Beliefs of Himachal women regarding feeding of marasmic or otherwise sick children. Indian Pediatr 1988; 25:966-71. [PMID: 3150375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Bahl L, Kaushal RK. Infant rearing practices & beliefs in rural inhabitants of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Pediatr 1987; 24:903-6. [PMID: 3448010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kumar L, Thapa BR, Kaushal RK, Bushnurmath SR. Purpura fulminans. Indian J Pediatr 1987; 54:415-9. [PMID: 3610286 DOI: 10.1007/bf02748930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Dattal MS, Sharma SL, Verma JS, Kaushal RK. Feeding practices of infants and children in rural and urban areas of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Pediatr 1984; 21:217-22. [PMID: 6548464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Kaushal RK, Narang A, Mitra SK, Prasad GR. Perforated duodenal ulcer. Indian Pediatr 1983; 20:385. [PMID: 6629480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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