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Selley RS, Day MA, Olsen R, Buza SS, Sink EL, Ranawat AS, Kelly BT, Nawabi DH. Arthroscopic Treatment of FAI in Patients With Borderline Dysplasia: Response. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:NP62-NP63. [PMID: 38031741 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231202520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
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Day MA, Hancock KJ, Selley RS, Olsen R, Ranawat AS, Nwachukwu BU, Kelly BT, Nawabi DH. Author Reply: Labrum-Preserving Hip Arthroscopy and Bone Marrow Aspirate Injection for Patients With Symptomatic Labral Tears and Early Degenerative Changes. Arthroscopy 2023; 39:1955-1957. [PMID: 37543376 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Day
- Sports Medicine Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A.; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Kyle J Hancock
- Sports Medicine Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A.; Department of Sports Medicine, Desert Orthopaedic Center, Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.A
| | - Ryan S Selley
- Sports Medicine Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Reena Olsen
- Sports Medicine Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Anil S Ranawat
- Sports Medicine Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Benedict U Nwachukwu
- Sports Medicine Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Bryan T Kelly
- Sports Medicine Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Danyal H Nawabi
- Sports Medicine Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A
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Marom N, Olsen R, Burger JA, Dooley MS, Coleman SH, Ranawat AS, Kelly BT, Nawabi DH. Majority of competitive soccer players return to soccer following hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement: female and older aged players are less likely to return to soccer. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:2721-2729. [PMID: 36809515 PMCID: PMC10523359 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine return to soccer rates and soccer performance in a large cohort of competitive soccer players after hip arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and to identify possible risk factors associated with not returning to soccer. METHODS An institutional hip preservation registry was retrospectively reviewed for patients identified as competitive soccer players who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for FAI performed between 2010 and 2017. Patient demographics and injury characteristics as well as clinical and radiographic findings were recorded. All patients were contacted for return to soccer information using a soccer-specific return to play questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential risk factors for not returning to soccer. RESULTS Eighty-seven competitive soccer players (119 hips) were included. 32 players (37%) underwent simultaneous or staged bilateral hip arthroscopy. The mean age at surgery was 21.6 ± 7.0 years. Overall, 65 players (74.7%) returned to soccer, of which 43 players (49% of all included players) returned to pre-injury level of play or better. Most common reasons for not returning to soccer were pain or discomfort (50%) followed by fear of re-injury (31.8%). The mean time to return to soccer was 33.1 ± 26.3 weeks. Among 22 players who did not return to soccer, 14 (63.6%) reported satisfaction from surgery. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed female players (odds ratio [OR] = 0.27; confidence interval [CI] = 0.083 to 0.872; p = 0.029) and older aged players (OR = 0.895; 95% CI = 0.832 to 0.963; p = 0.003) were less likely to return to soccer. Bilateral surgery was not found to be a risk factor. CONCLUSION Hip arthroscopic treatment for FAI in symptomatic competitive soccer players allowed three-quarters of them to return to soccer. Despite not returning to soccer, two-thirds of players who did not return to soccer were satisfied with their outcome. Female and older aged players were less likely to return to soccer. These data can better guide clinicians and soccer players with realistic expectations related to the arthroscopic management of symptomatic FAI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niv Marom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Meir Medical Center, 59 Tcharnihovsky St, 4428164, Kfar Saba, Israel.
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Reena Olsen
- Sports Medicine Institute and Hip Preservation Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joost A Burger
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew S Dooley
- Sports Medicine Institute and Hip Preservation Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Struan H Coleman
- Sports Medicine Institute and Hip Preservation Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anil S Ranawat
- Sports Medicine Institute and Hip Preservation Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bryan T Kelly
- Sports Medicine Institute and Hip Preservation Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danyal H Nawabi
- Sports Medicine Institute and Hip Preservation Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
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Selley RS, Day MA, Olsen R, Buza SS, Sink EL, Ranawat AS, Kelly BT, Nawabi DH. Long-term Outcomes After Arthroscopic Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement for Patients With Borderline Dysplasia. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:1531-1537. [PMID: 37026718 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231161348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcomes after isolated hip arthroscopic surgery for patients with dysplasia have been unfavorable. Results have included iatrogenic instability and conversion to total hip arthroplasty at a young age. However, patients with borderline dysplasia (BD) have shown more favorable results at short- and medium-term follow-up. PURPOSE To assess long-term outcomes after hip arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement in patients with BD (lateral center-edge angle [LCEA] = 18°-25°) compared with a control group of patients without dysplasia (LCEA = 26°-40°). STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS We identified a group of 33 patients (38 hips) with BD who were treated for FAI between March 2009 and July 2012. An age- and sex-matched control group of 83 patients (96 hips) was also identified. Patient-reported outcome scores were collected preoperatively and subsequently at a mean of 9.6 years postoperatively. RESULTS The mean LCEA and Tönnis angle were 22.42°± 2.02° and 6.27°± 3.23° in the BD group, respectively, and 31.71°± 3.52° and 2.42°± 3.02° in the control group, respectively (P < .001). At a mean follow-up of 9.6 years (range, 8.2-11.6 years), there was a significant improvement in all patient-reported outcome scores in both groups (P < .001). There were no significant differences between preoperative and postoperative scores or rates of achieving the minimal clinically important difference between the BD and control groups. Bilateral surgery was noted to be a risk factor for any revision during the follow-up period (P < .001). There were 2 hips (5.3%) that underwent revision surgery in the BD group and 10 hips (10.4%) in the control group; of these, 1 patient in the BD group underwent total hip arthroplasty, and 1 patient who had undergone bilateral surgery in the control group underwent bilateral hip resurfacing. CONCLUSION Durable outcomes (>9 years) with low revision rates can be expected after hip arthroscopic surgery with an approach that involves labral preservation where possible and careful attention to capsular closure in patients with BD. The observed outcomes were similar to those of a femoroacetabular impingement group with normal coverage. These results highlight the importance of classifying patients into impingement or instability categories and tailoring treatment appropriately with arthroscopic surgery or periacetabular osteotomy, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Selley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Molly A Day
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, UW Health East Madison Hospital, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Reena Olsen
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie S Buza
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ernest L Sink
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anil S Ranawat
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bryan T Kelly
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Danyal H Nawabi
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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Day MA, Hancock KJ, Selley RS, Olsen R, Ranawat AS, Nwachukwu BU, Kelly BT, Nawabi DH. Hip Arthroscopy With Bone Marrow Aspirate Injection for Patients With Symptomatic Labral Tears and Early Degenerative Changes Shows Similar Improvement Compared With Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy With Symptomatic Labral Tears Without Arthritis. Arthroscopy 2022; 39:1429-1437. [PMID: 36574821 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To define the clinical effect of intra-articular injection of iliac crest-derived bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) at the time of hip arthroscopy in patients with symptomatic labral tears and early radiographic degenerative changes. METHODS A retrospective review of a prospectively collected hip registry database was performed. Patients with symptomatic labral tears and Tönnis grade 1 or 2 degenerative changes who underwent labrum-preserving hip arthroscopy with BMAC injection were included and were matched with patients who underwent hip arthroscopy without BMAC injection. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) collected preoperatively and up to 2 years postoperatively included the modified Harris Hip Score, Hip Outcome Score-Activities of Daily Living, Hip Outcome Score-Sport, and International Hip Outcome Tool 33 score. Clinical relevance was measured with the minimal clinically important difference, patient acceptable symptom state, and substantial clinical benefit for each outcome score. RESULTS A total of 35 patients underwent labrum-preserving hip arthroscopy with BMAC injection and were matched with 35 control patients. There were no differences in demographic characteristics between the groups (P > .05). The BMAC group consisted of 22 patients (62.9%) with Tönnis grade 1 changes and 13 (37.1%) with Tönnis grade 2 changes, whereas all 35 control patients had Tönnis grade 0 hips. All PROs were significantly improved in both groups at 2 years, with no difference in improvement. The rate of failure requiring conversion to total hip arthroplasty was 14.3% (mean, 1.6 years postoperatively) in the BMAC group and 5.7% (mean, 7 years postoperatively) in the control group (P = .09). The difference in the frequency of patients achieving the minimal clinically important difference, patient acceptable symptom state, and substantial clinical benefit was not statistically significant between cohorts. CONCLUSIONS In a challenging group of patients with symptomatic labral tears and early radiographic degenerative changes, hip arthroscopy with BMAC injection results in statistically and clinically significant improvement in PROs comparable to a group of patients with nonarthritic hips undergoing hip arthroscopy at short-term follow-up. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, retrospective comparative therapeutic trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Day
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.; Sports Medicine Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A..
| | - Kyle J Hancock
- Department of Sports Medicine, Desert Orthopaedic Center, Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.A.; Sports Medicine Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Ryan S Selley
- Sports Medicine Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Reena Olsen
- Sports Medicine Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Anil S Ranawat
- Sports Medicine Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Benedict U Nwachukwu
- Sports Medicine Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Bryan T Kelly
- Sports Medicine Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Danyal H Nawabi
- Sports Medicine Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A
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Izquierdo B, Lopez Pais J, Fraile Sanz A, Olsen R, Abad R, Nieto D, Perela C, Galan D, Espinosa MJ, Awamleh Garcia P, Mata R, Moreno C, Ceballo Silva JF, Garcia Linares E, Alonso Martin JJ. Anxiety in MINOCA patients according to latest definitions. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Anxiety is a global public health problem affecting the lives of large numbers of patients (pts) and their families. Some studies suggest that pts with MINOCA (myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries) have more anxiety levels than the rest of pts with myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this study is to compare anxiety levels between pts with MINOCA and the rest of MI pts using a validated scale: The State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
Methods
An analytical and observational study was developed in a University Hospital. We analysed the clinical data of all consecutive MI pts admitted to our centre from July 2017 to December 2020. Inclusion criteria were determined by the 4th Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction and the latest definitions of MINOCA according to the 2020 ESC Guidelines. A group of experts reviewed all MINOCA cases in order to exclude those who did not fulfil the selection standards and takotsubo syndrome and myocarditis pts were excluded.
STAI questionnaire was completed by each patient during admission. Data collected included “trait anxiety”, that refers to relatively stable individual differences in anxiety-proneness, whereas “state anxiety” is a temporary emotion due to a particular situation (hospitalization in this case). Total score in each subgroup ranges from 0 to 60 points, where a higher score correlates with major anxiety levels.
Follow up analysis included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: cardiovascular readmission, myocardial reinfarction, stroke and death from any cause). Survival analysis is based on Cox regression. Median follow-up was 25±23 months.
Results
From a total of 413 consecutive MI pts, 243 (58.8%) completed the questionnaire. Of them, 32 (13%) were MINOCA pts. There were no significant differences in trait anxiety between both groups (MINOCA mean value 21±14 points vs rest of MI 19±10 points, p=0.9), nor in state anxiety (20±14 vs 19±10 points, p=0.8). There were also no significant differences when data were analysed by percentiles: 37.5% of MINOCA pts were below P25 and 28% of the rest of MI were also in this percentile. At the other end of the scale, 31.3% of MINOCA pts were above P75, as well as 22.7% of the rest of MI pts (table 1). During follow up, punctuation in trait anxiety in MINOCA pts showed no differences in MACE (HR 1.01, CI 95% (0.9–1.07)), nor did punctuation in state anxiety (HR 1.01, CI 95% (0.9–1.06)). This was also observed in the rest of MI pts: trait anxiety HR 1.01, CI 95% (0.9–1.04) and state anxiety HR 0.9, CI 95% (0.9–1.01).
Conclusion
In this study, there were no significant differences in anxiety levels between MINOCA pts and the rest of MI pts. The lack of takotsubo pts in this study reflect real data from MINOCA according to the latest definitions. Subjective emotions could lead to mistaken findings, making it necessary to determine emotional disorders with validated and objective tools.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): European Society of Cardiology Table 1. Percentile values of STAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Izquierdo
- University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - J Lopez Pais
- Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Orense, Ourense, Spain
| | | | - R Olsen
- University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - R Abad
- University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - D Nieto
- University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - C Perela
- University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - D Galan
- University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | | | | | - R Mata
- University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - C Moreno
- University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Spain
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Izquierdo B, Olsen R, Abad R, Nieto D, Perela C, Fraile Sanz A, Lopez Pais J, Gorriz Magana J, Espinosa MJ, Galan D, Awamleh Garcia P, Mata R, Ceballo Silva JF, Garcia Linares E, Alonso Martin JJ. Insomnia incidence in myocardial infarction with and without obstructive coronary arteries. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Insomnia can either be a primary problem or it may be associated with other psychological conditions, ranging from anxiety to depression. Some studies have reported that pts with MINOCA (myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries) have more emotional disorders than the rest of pts with myocardial infarction (MI). However, a relationship with insomnia has not been yet described.
The aim of this study is to compare insomnia levels between patients with MINOCA and the rest of MI patients using a validated scale: Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) (Figure 1).
Methods
We performed an analytical and observational study in which all consecutive MI pts from July 2017 to December 2020 were recruited. We used the latest definitions of MINOCA according to the 2020 ESC Guidelines. A group of experts reviewed all MINOCA cases in order to exclude those who did not fulfil criteria. Therefore, takotsubo syndrome and pts with myocarditis were excluded.
ISI questionnaire was completed by each patient during admission. Total score ranges from 0 to 28 points. Depending on the final score, pts could have no clinically significant insomnia (0–7 points), subthreshold insomnia (8–14 points), clinical insomnia of moderate severity (15–21 points) and severe clinical insomnia (22–28 points).
Follow up analysis included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: cardiovascular readmission, myocardial reinfarction, stroke and death from any cause). Survival analysis is based on Cox regression. Median follow-up was 25±23 months.
Results
From a total of 413 consecutive MI pts, 244 (59%) completed the questionnaire. Of them, 32 (13%) were MINOCA pts. There were no statistically significant differences in insomnia levels between both groups (Table 1). Even in absolute terms, both groups presented same mean levels: MINOCA mean value 7.6±6 points vs rest of MI 7.7±6 points, p=0.8. When separated by sex, women in the MI group had higher punctuation levels than men (24% of moderate clinical insomnia in women vs 8.9% of men, p=0.03). Punctuation in ISI questionnaire showed no significant differences in MACE in MINOCA pts (HR 0.9, CI 95% (0.7–1.2)), nor in the rest of MI pts (HR 0.9, CI 95% (0.9–1.03)).
Conclusions
Levels of insomnia were similar in MINOCA pts than in the rest of MI pts. Follow up showed no differences in MACE between both groups regarding insomnia according to ISI. Women had higher punctuation levels than men, with more clinical insomnia in a moderate grade. Subjective emotions could lead to mistaken findings, making it necessary to use ISI questionnaire or other objective validated scales to correctly study some disorders and their distribution in different populations.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Spanish Society of Cardiology Table 1. Insomnia severity indexFigure 1. ISI Questionnaire
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Affiliation(s)
- B Izquierdo
- University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - R Olsen
- University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - R Abad
- University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - D Nieto
- University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - C Perela
- University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | | | - J Lopez Pais
- Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Orense, Ourense, Spain
| | | | | | - D Galan
- University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | | | - R Mata
- University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Spain
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von Felden J, Garcia-Lezana T, Dogra N, Gonzalez-Kozlova E, Ahsen ME, Craig A, Gifford S, Wunsch B, Smith JT, Kim S, Diaz JEL, Chen X, Labgaa I, Haber P, Olsen R, Han D, Restrepo P, D'Avola D, Hernandez-Meza G, Allette K, Sebra R, Saberi B, Tabrizian P, Asgharpour A, Dieterich D, Llovet JM, Cordon-Cardo C, Tewari A, Schwartz M, Stolovitzky G, Losic B, Villanueva A. Unannotated small RNA clusters associated with circulating extracellular vesicles detect early stage liver cancer. Gut 2021; 71:gutjnl-2021-325036. [PMID: 34321221 PMCID: PMC8795201 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Surveillance tools for early cancer detection are suboptimal, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and biomarkers are urgently needed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained increasing scientific interest due to their involvement in tumour initiation and metastasis; however, most extracellular RNA (exRNA) blood-based biomarker studies are limited to annotated genomic regions. DESIGN EVs were isolated with differential ultracentrifugation and integrated nanoscale deterministic lateral displacement arrays (nanoDLD) and quality assessed by electron microscopy, immunoblotting, nanoparticle tracking and deconvolution analysis. Genome-wide sequencing of the largely unexplored small exRNA landscape, including unannotated transcripts, identified and reproducibly quantified small RNA clusters (smRCs). Their key genomic features were delineated across biospecimens and EV isolation techniques in prostate cancer and HCC. Three independent exRNA cancer datasets with a total of 479 samples from 375 patients, including longitudinal samples, were used for this study. RESULTS ExRNA smRCs were dominated by uncharacterised, unannotated small RNA with a consensus sequence of 20 nt. An unannotated 3-smRC signature was significantly overexpressed in plasma exRNA of patients with HCC (p<0.01, n=157). An independent validation in a phase 2 biomarker case-control study revealed 86% sensitivity and 91% specificity for the detection of early HCC from controls at risk (n=209) (area under the receiver operating curve (AUC): 0.87). The 3-smRC signature was independent of alpha-fetoprotein (p<0.0001) and a composite model yielded an increased AUC of 0.93. CONCLUSION These findings directly lead to the prospect of a minimally invasive, blood-only, operator-independent clinical tool for HCC surveillance, thus highlighting the potential of unannotated smRCs for biomarker research in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann von Felden
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Teresa Garcia-Lezana
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Navneet Dogra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- IBM Thomas J Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, USA
| | - Edgar Gonzalez-Kozlova
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mehmet Eren Ahsen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amanda Craig
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stacey Gifford
- IBM Thomas J Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Wunsch
- IBM Thomas J Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, USA
| | - Joshua T Smith
- IBM Thomas J Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, USA
| | - Sungcheol Kim
- IBM Thomas J Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer E L Diaz
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xintong Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ismail Labgaa
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Haber
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Reena Olsen
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paula Restrepo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Delia D'Avola
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Liver Unit and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriela Hernandez-Meza
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kimaada Allette
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Behnam Saberi
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Parissa Tabrizian
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amon Asgharpour
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Douglas Dieterich
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Josep M Llovet
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, BCLC Group, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ash Tewari
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Myron Schwartz
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gustavo Stolovitzky
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- IBM Thomas J Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, USA
| | - Bojan Losic
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Augusto Villanueva
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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9
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Barney J, Estee J, Lynch WG, Isobe T, Jhang G, Kurata-Nishimura M, McIntosh AB, Murakami T, Shane R, Tangwancharoen S, Tsang MB, Cerizza G, Kaneko M, Lee JW, Tsang CY, Wang R, Anderson C, Baba H, Chajecki Z, Famiano M, Hodges-Showalter R, Hong B, Kobayashi T, Lasko P, Łukasik J, Nakatsuka N, Olsen R, Otsu H, Pawłowski P, Pelczar K, Sakurai H, Santamaria C, Setiawan H, Taketani A, Winkelbauer JR, Xiao Z, Yennello SJ, Yurkon J, Zhang Y. The SπRIT time projection chamber. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:063302. [PMID: 34243507 DOI: 10.1063/5.0041191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Superconducting Analyzer for MUlti-particles from RAdioIsotope (SAMURAI) Pion-Reconstruction and Ion-Tracker Time Projection Chamber (SπRIT TPC) was designed to enable measurements of heavy ion collisions with the SAMURAI spectrometer at the RIKEN radioactive isotope beam factory and provides constraints on the equation of state of neutron-rich nuclear matter. The SπRIT TPC has a 50.5 cm drift length and an 86.4 × 134.4 cm2 pad plane with 12 096 pads that are equipped with the generic electronics for TPCs. The SπRIT TPC allows for an excellent reconstruction of particles and provides isotopic resolution for pions and other light charged particles across a wide range of energy losses and momenta. The details of the SπRIT TPC are presented, along with discussion of the TPC performance based on cosmic rays and charged particles emitted in heavy ion collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barney
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Estee
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - W G Lynch
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Isobe
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - G Jhang
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | | | - A B McIntosh
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - T Murakami
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kita-shirakawa, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - R Shane
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Tangwancharoen
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M B Tsang
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G Cerizza
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Kaneko
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J W Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - C Y Tsang
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - R Wang
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C Anderson
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Baba
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Z Chajecki
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
| | - M Famiano
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
| | - R Hodges-Showalter
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B Hong
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - T Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - P Lasko
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - J Łukasik
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - N Nakatsuka
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - R Olsen
- Gran Sasso National Laboratory-INFN, Via G. Acitelli 22, 67100 Assergi, L'Aquila AQ, Italy
| | - H Otsu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - P Pawłowski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - K Pelczar
- Gran Sasso National Laboratory-INFN, Via G. Acitelli 22, 67100 Assergi, L'Aquila AQ, Italy
| | - H Sakurai
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - C Santamaria
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Setiawan
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Taketani
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J R Winkelbauer
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Z Xiao
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - S J Yennello
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J Yurkon
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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10
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Seggewies F, Guilder L, Olsen R, Deanfield J, Olpin S, Grünewald S. Riboflavin Nonresponsive Multiple Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MADD) with Early Severe Cardiomyopathy: Favorable Long-Term Outcome of a Severe Neonatal Presentation on D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate Supplementation. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Bugge MD, Ulvestad B, Berlinger B, Stockfelt L, Olsen R, Ellingsen DG. Reactive hyperemia and baseline pulse amplitude among smelter workers exposed to fine and ultrafine particles. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 93:399-407. [PMID: 31773255 PMCID: PMC7078172 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Ambient exposure to fine particles is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Associations between occupational particulate matter (PM) exposure and cardiovascular disease have been studied less. The objective of this study was to examine associations between PM exposure and endothelial function among workers in Norwegian smelters. Methods We examined endothelial function with Endo-PAT equipment after a working day (WD) and on a day off (DO) in 59 furnace workers recruited from three metal smelters in Norway. The difference in baseline pulse amplitude (BPA) and reactive hyperemia index (RHI) between the 2 days was analysed in relation to individual exposure to PM < 250 nm (PM250) or the respirable aerosol fraction of particles, and adjusted for relevant covariates. Results The exposure to PM250 ranged from 0.004 to 5.7 mg/m3. The mean BPA was significantly higher on WD relative to DO (772 vs. 535, p = 0.001). This difference was associated with PM concentrations among participants ≥ 34 years, but not among the younger workers. Reactive hyperemia was significantly lower on workdays relative to days off (1.70 vs. 1.84, p = 0.05). This difference was observed only among participants above the age 34. No associations with PM exposure were observed. Conclusions PM exposure was associated with higher BPA among participants older than 34 years. BPA reflects microvessel pulsatility. Our results may indicate an age-dependent cardiovascular susceptibility to PM exposure. Endothelial function measured by RHI was reduced on WD among participants 34 years and older, but we found no associations between PM exposure and RHI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Ulvestad
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Berlinger
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - L Stockfelt
- Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R Olsen
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - D G Ellingsen
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Smith J, Gaikwad A, Rech B, Faro J, Lucci J, Olsen R, Byrd T. Phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of ahcc for the eradication of HPV infections in women with HPV positive pap smears. Gynecol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Olsen R. The Mental Health Support Team: «MIND THE GAP». Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Olsen
- Bodin Upper Secondary School, Bodø, Norway
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14
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Aarhus L, Stranden E, Nordby KC, Einarsdottir E, Olsen R, Ruud B, Bast-Pettersen R. Vascular component of hand-arm vibration syndrome: a 22-year follow-up study. Occup Med (Lond) 2018; 68:384-390. [PMID: 29931355 PMCID: PMC6093468 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqy085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibration-induced white finger (VWF) is often assessed using the Stockholm Workshop Scale (SWS) and cold challenge plethysmography. However, long-term longitudinal studies using both methods are scarce. AIMS To study the long-term course and prognostic factors of VWF assessed with the SWS and photoplethysmography (PPG), and to examine the effects of lifestyle on PPG score, regardless of VWF status. METHODS Forty male construction workers were examined with a test battery and clinical examination in 1994 and 2016/17. RESULTS At baseline, the sample comprised 27 workers with, and 13 without, symptoms of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). Thirty-five workers reported vibration exposure during follow-up. The mean age of the workers was 60 years (45-78) at follow-up. The paired t-test showed that PPG scores deteriorated from 1994 to 2017 in the 27 workers with HAVS in 1994 (mean difference 2.7 min, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2-5.2). However, there was no statistically significant change in SWS scores in these workers over time. Smoking and age were associated with PPG score deterioration. Vibration exposure during follow-up predicted SWS score deterioration: 1000 h of exposure predicted a deterioration stage of 0.09 (95% CI 0.03-0.16). Analysis of all 40 workers showed that 2017 PPG scores were associated with positive serum cotinine and self-reported smoking during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Whereas age and smoking predicted a PPG deterioration, continued vibration exposure predicted worsening of white finger symptoms. The association of PPG score and smoking should be considered in diagnostic and prognostic factor evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Aarhus
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Stranden
- Section of Vascular Investigations, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - K-C Nordby
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - R Olsen
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Ruud
- Formerly Kaverner Industry
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15
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Jamaly S, Basavaraj MG, Starikova I, Olsen R, Braekkan SK, Hansen JB. Elevated plasma levels of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1-positive microvesicles in patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:S1538-7836(22)02209-7. [PMID: 29851269 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Essentials PSGL-1+ microvesicles (MVs) may be important in venous thromboembolism (VTE). We measured plasma levels and parental origin of PSGL-1+ MVs in patients with unprovoked VTE. VTE patients had higher plasma levels of PSGL-1+ MVs than healthy controls. The PSGL-1+ MVs originated mainly from monocytes and endothelial cells. SUMMARY Background Microvesicles (MVs) express antigens from their parental cells and have a highly procoagulant surface. Animal studies suggest that P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1-positive (PSGL-1+ ) MVs play a role in the pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Objective The aim of this study was to determine plasma levels, the cellular origin and the morphological characteristics of PSGL-1+ MVs in patients with unprovoked VTE. Methods We conducted a population-based case-control study in 20 patients with a history of unprovoked VTE and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls recruited from the general population. Plasma levels, the cellular origin and the morphological characteristics of PSGL-1+ MVs were evaluated using flow cytometry, electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Results Plasma levels of PSGL-1+ MVs were associated with increased risk of VTE. The odds ratio per one standard deviation increase in PSGL-1+ MVs was 3.11 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-6.88) after adjustment for age and sex, and 2.88 (95% CI, 1.29-6.41) after further adjustment for body mass index. The PSGL-1+ MVs originated mainly from monocytes and endothelial cells determined by double staining with markers of parental cells using flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy of PSGL-1-labeled plasma-derived MVs displayed dominantly spherical vesicles that varied between 50 and 300 nm in diameter. Conclusions Increased plasma levels of PSGL-1+ MVs are associated with the risk of unprovoked VTE. Large population-based prospective studies are required to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jamaly
- K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - M G Basavaraj
- K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - I Starikova
- K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - R Olsen
- Advanced Microscopy Core Facility, Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - S K Braekkan
- K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - J-B Hansen
- K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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16
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Olsen R, Kudirkiene E, Thøfner I, Pors S, Karlskov-Mortensen P, Li L, Papasolomontos S, Angastiniotou C, Christensen J. Impact of egg disinfection of hatching eggs on the eggshell microbiome and bacterial load. Poult Sci 2018; 96:3901-3911. [PMID: 29050418 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disinfection of hatching eggs is essential to ensure high quality production of broilers. Different protocols are followed in different hatcheries; however, only limited scientific evidence on how the disinfection procedures impact the microbiome is available. The aim of the present study was to characterize the microbiome and aerobic bacterial load of hatching eggs before disinfection and during the subsequent disinfection steps. The study included a group of visibly clean and a group of visibly dirty eggs. For dirty eggs, an initial wash in chlorine was performed, hereafter all eggs were submitted to two times fumigation and finally spray disinfection. The eggshell microbiome was characterized by sequencing of the total amount of 16S rRNA extracted from each sample, consisting of shell surface swabs of five eggs from the same group. In addition, the number of colony forming units (cfu) under aerobic conditions was established for each disinfection step. The disinfection procedure reduced the bacterial load from more than 104 cfu (initially visibly clean eggs) and 105 cfu (initially visibly dirty eggs) to less than 10 cfu per sample after disinfection for both groups of eggs. The microbiome of both initially visibly clean and initially visibly dirty eggs had the highest abundances of the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Within the phyla Firmicutes the relative abundances of Clostridiales decreased while Lactobacillus increased from before to after final disinfection. In conclusion, the investigated disinfection procedure is effective in reducing the bacterial load, and by adding a chlorine wash for initially visibly dirty eggs, the microbiome of initially visibly clean and initially visibly dirty eggs had a highly similar microflora after the final disinfection step.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Olsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Kudirkiene
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I Thøfner
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Pors
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Karlskov-Mortensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, China
| | | | | | - J Christensen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Pratt-Phillips S, Olsen R, Geor R, Zirkle A, Moore A, Harkins C, Davis M. Effect of reduced protein intake on endurance performance and water turnover during low intensity long duration exercise in Alaskan sled dogs. Comparative Exercise Physiology 2018. [DOI: 10.3920/cep170024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased nutritional demands for endurance exercise of dogs are typically met through increased amounts of their current food. As a result, protein intake is also increased, and excessive nitrogen may affect the dog’s water balance. Sixteen unconditioned Alaskan sled dogs underwent a 6-week exercise training protocol, wherein 8 dogs were fed increasing amounts of their normal kibble to maintain body weight, while the other 8 were fed the same amount of kibble, with increasing calorie needs met by equal amounts of sugar and oil. The diets resulted in similar calorie intakes (181.3±20.0 and 205.7±36.3 kcal/kg0.75, for the control and low protein dogs respectively) but control dogs had higher protein intakes (32.2±0.0 and 19.4±2.4% of metabolic energy intake). After 6 weeks of training the dogs completed a 5 day exercise test in which they travelled 24 km per day, where total energy expenditure was determined using doubly-labelled water technique. Dogs expended an average of 1,491±264 kcal/day (145±25 kcal/kg0.75/day), with no difference between the dietary treatments and no negative performance indicators. Following the exercise test the dogs underwent a 24 hour dehydration test (water withheld) followed by an 8 hour rehydration test (with ad libitum water intake recorded) where total body water was determined using deuterium oxide. Blood and urinary samples were also collected. Following exercise conditioning, control dogs had higher serum urea nitrogen than low protein dogs, and this as well as albumin decreased further during the 5 day exercise test. Low-protein dogs had lower overall total body water and higher fractional excretion of Na+, suggesting some renal adaptation. These findings suggest that reduced protein intake did not negatively affect athletic performance, though some facets of body chemistry were altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.E. Pratt-Phillips
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 120 W Broughton Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - R. Olsen
- Ryno Kennel, P.O. Box 16192, Two Rivers, AK 99716, USA
| | - R. Geor
- College of Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - A. Zirkle
- SP Kennel, P.O. Box 16226, Two Rivers, AK 99716, USA
| | - A. Moore
- SP Kennel, P.O. Box 16226, Two Rivers, AK 99716, USA
| | - C. Harkins
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 208 S McFarland St., Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - M. Davis
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 208 S McFarland St., Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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18
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Schmid G, Olsen R. Das Gesetz der Neutralsalzwirkung in konzentrierten Lösungen. Z PHYS CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-1926-12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Stadheim HK, Nossum EM, Olsen R, Spencer M, Jensen J. Caffeine improves performance in double poling during acute exposure to 2,000-m altitude. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:1501-9. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00509.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited research on the physiological effects of caffeine (CAF) ingestion on exercise performance during acute hypoxia. The aim of the present study was therefore to test the effect of placebo (PLA) and CAF (4.5 mg/kg) on double poling (DP) performance during acute hypoxia. Thirteen male subelite cross-country skiers (V̇o2max 72.6 ± 5.68 ml·kg−1·min−1) were included. Performance was assessed as 1) an 8-km cross-country DP time-trial (C-PT), and 2) time until task failure at a set workload equal to ∼90% of DP V̇o2max. Testing was carried out in a hypobaric chamber, at 800 mbar (Pio2: ∼125 mmHg) corresponding to ∼2,000 m above sea level in a randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. CAF improved time to task failure from 6.10 ± 1.40 to 7.22 ± 1.30 min ( P < 0.05) and velocity the first 4 km ( P < 0.05) but not overall time usage for the 8-km C-PT. During submaximal exercise subjects reported lower pain in arms and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) following CAF ingestion. Throughout C-PTs similar RPE and pain was shown between treatments. However, higher heart rate was observed during the CAF 8 km (187 ± 7 vs. 185 ± 7; P < 0.05) and 90% C-PT (185 ± 7 vs. 181 ± 9) associated with increased ventilation, blood lactate, glucose, adrenaline, decreased pH, and bicarbonate. The present study demonstrates for the first time that CAF ingestion improves DP time to task failure although not consistently time trial performance during acute exposure to altitude. Mechanisms underpinning improvements seem related to reduced pain RPE and increased heart rate during CAF C-PTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. K. Stadheim
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - E. M Nossum
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - R. Olsen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Working Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - M. Spencer
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - J. Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway; and
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20
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Carrión RE, McLaughlin D, Auther AM, Olsen R, Correll CU, Cornblatt BA. The impact of psychosis on the course of cognition: a prospective, nested case-control study in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis. Psychol Med 2015; 45:3341-54. [PMID: 26169626 PMCID: PMC4790441 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715001233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia are rooted early in development, the impact of psychosis on the course of cognitive functioning remains unclear. In this study a nested case-control design was used to examine the relationship between emerging psychosis and the course of cognition in individuals ascertained as clinical high-risk (CHR) who developed psychosis during the study (CHR + T). METHOD Fifteen CHR + T subjects were administered a neurocognitive battery at baseline and post-psychosis onset (8.04 months, s.d. = 10.26). CHR + T subjects were matched on a case-by-case basis on age, gender, and time to retest with a group of healthy comparison subjects (CNTL, n = 15) and two groups of CHR subjects that did not transition: (1) subjects matched on medication treatment (i.e. antipsychotics and antidepressants) at both baseline and retesting (Meds-matched CHR + NT, n = 15); (2) subjects unmedicated at both assessments (Meds-free CHR + NT, n = 15). RESULTS At baseline, CHR + T subjects showed large global neurocognitive and intellectual impairments, along with specific impairments in processing speed, verbal memory, sustained attention, and executive function. These impairments persisted after psychosis onset and did not further deteriorate. In contrast, CHR + NT subjects demonstrated stable mild to no impairments in neurocognitive and intellectual performance, independent of medication treatment. CONCLUSIONS Cognition appears to be impaired prior to the emergence of psychotic symptoms, with no further deterioration associated with the onset of psychosis. Cognitive deficits represent trait risk markers, as opposed to state markers of disease status and may therefore serve as possible predictors of schizophrenia prior to the onset of the full illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. E. Carrión
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System (NS-LIJHS), Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - D. McLaughlin
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System (NS-LIJHS), Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - A. M. Auther
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System (NS-LIJHS), Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - R. Olsen
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System (NS-LIJHS), Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - C. U. Correll
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System (NS-LIJHS), Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - B. A. Cornblatt
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System (NS-LIJHS), Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
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Alcantara J, Olsen R. EHMTI-0011. Spinal manipulation for a child with chronic cervicogenic headaches: a case report. J Headache Pain 2014. [PMCID: PMC4180251 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-15-s1-c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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22
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Rekecki A, Ringø E, Olsen R, Myklebust R, Dierckens K, Bergh O, Laureau S, Cornelissen M, Ducatelle R, Decostere A, Bossier P, Van den Broeck W. Luminal uptake of Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum by shed enterocytes--a novel early defence strategy in larval fish. J Fish Dis 2013; 36:419-426. [PMID: 23121135 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As adhesion and translocation through fish gut enterocytes of the pathogen Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum are not well investigated, the effective cause of disease and mortality outbreaks in larval sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, suffering from vibriosis is unknown. We detected V. anguillarum within the gut of experimentally infected gnotobiotic sea bass larvae using transmission electron microscopy and immunogold labelling. Intact bacteria were observed in close contact with the apical brush border in the gut lumen. Enterocytes contained lysosomes positive for protein A-gold particles suggesting intracellular elimination of bacterial fragments. Shed intestinal cells were regularly visualized in the gut lumen in late stages of exposure. Some of the luminal cells showed invagination and putative engulfment of bacterial structures by pseudopod-like formations. The engulfed structures were positive for protein A-colloidal gold indicating that these structures were V. anguillarum. Immunogold positive thread-like structures secreted by V. anguillarum suggested the presence of outer membrane vesicles (MVs) hypothesizing that MVs are potent transporters of active virulence factors to sea bass gut cells suggestive for a substantial role in biofilm formation and pathogenesis. We put forward the hypothesis that MVs are important in the pathogenesis of V. anguillarum in sea bass larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rekecki
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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23
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Harrison N, Olsen R, Korpi ER, Messing RO. S17 * ALCOHOL AND GABAA RECEPTORS * S17.1 * EXTRASYNAPTIC GABAA-RS: PHARMACOLOGY AND REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. Alcohol Alcohol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agr107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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25
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Abstract
The key pecking of pigeons maintained on a variable-interval schedule of food reinforcement was suppressed during occasional presentations of a warning stimulus paired with electric shock. On alternate sessions, a co-actor pigeon was visible in an adjoining chamber where it emitted the same food-reinforced key peck during the warning stimulus that signalled shock for the subject. With no shock and at low shock intensities, where the subject's responding was not suppressed or suppressed only slightly, the co-actor had little effect. At the higher shock intensities, where the subject's responding was reduced by at least 40%, the response rate during the warning stimulus was consistently higher when the co-actor was present. One explanation of these results assumes a special relationship between social stimuli and aversive stimuli in which the presence of another animal reduces emotional reactions and thereby allows operant responses to increase. This was not the case here because the mere presence of the co-actor did not maintain social facilitation. Rather, the present results, taken in conjunction with previous findings, suggest that changes in social and non-social variables which affect the rate of food-reinforced responding may produce proportionately larger changes in responding when that responding is suppressed by aversive stimulation than when it is not.
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26
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Abstract
Achieving solid skeletal attachment is a requirement for the clinical success of orthopedic implants. Porous or roughened surfaces and coatings have been developed and used with mixed success to achieve attachment due to bone ingrowth. Silicon nitride is a high performance ceramic whose strength, imaging properties, and biocompatibility make it a candidate material for orthopedic implants. A porous form of silicon nitride, cancellous-structured ceramic (CSC), has been developed. CSC is a nonresorbable, partially radiolucent porous structure that can be bonded to orthopedic implants made of silicon nitride to facilitate skeletal attachment. The purpose of this study was to quantify the extent and rate of bone ingrowth into CSC in a large animal model. Cylindrical implants were placed bilaterally using staged surgeries in the medial femoral condyle of six sheep. Condyles were retrieved after 3 and 6 months in situ and prepared for examination of bone growth under SEM. Bone grew into CSC to extents and at rates similar to those reported for other titanium porous surfaces in studies involving large animals and postmortem retrievals in humans. Bone ingrowth was observed at depths of penetration greater than 3 mm in some implants after only 12 weeks in situ. Bone ingrowth into CSC is a viable method for achieving skeletal attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Anderson
- Amedica Corporation, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA.
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27
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Øzbay A, Tørring C, Olsen R, Carstens J. Transcriptional Profiles in Urine During Acute Rejection, Bacteriuria, CMV Infection and Stable Graft Function After Renal Transplantation. Scand J Immunol 2009; 69:357-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2009.02226.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Kalaaji M, Fenton KA, Mortensen ES, Olsen R, Sturfelt G, Alm P, Rekvig OP. Glomerular apoptotic nucleosomes are central target structures for nephritogenic antibodies in human SLE nephritis. Kidney Int 2007; 71:664-72. [PMID: 17332738 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies to double-stranded (dsDNA) are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and directly involved in human lupus nephritis. Information about their glomerular target antigens is inconsistent, and whether availability of target antigens, antibody specificity or avidity are nephritogenic parameters, is not determined. In this study, we analyzed renal tissue from anti-dsDNA antibody-positive lupus patients with nephritis by morphological and immunological assays, including immune electron microscopy (IEM) and colocalization IEM, an EM-based confocal microscopy assay. IEM demonstrated that antibody deposits were confined to electron dense structures (EDS) in glomerular membranes. These autoantibodies colocalized with nucleosome-binding anti-dsDNA/-histone/-transcription factor antibodies. To confirm the colocalization IEM-data, we developed a colocalization terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase (TdT) biotin-dUTP nicked end-labeled (TUNEL) IEM assay where extracellular DNA was traced by TdT-mediated introduction of biotinylated nucleotides and autoantibodies by IEM. Results consistently demonstrated that DNA colocalized with autoantibodies in glomerular membrane-associated EDS. The colocalization IEM and colocalization TUNEL IEM assays thus demonstrate that intra-glomerular membrane-associated nucleosomes are targeted by anti-dsDNA autoantibodies in human lupus nephritis. The data provide a new approach to understand basic molecular and immunological processes accounting for antibody-mediated nephritis in human SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kalaaji
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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29
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Skogstad M, Kjaerheim K, Fladseth G, Gjølstad M, Daae HL, Olsen R, Molander P, Ellingsen DG. Cross shift changes in lung function among bar and restaurant workers before and after implementation of a smoking ban. Occup Environ Med 2006; 63:482-7. [PMID: 16551754 PMCID: PMC2092508 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2005.024638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study possible cross shift effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on pulmonary function among bar and restaurant employees before and after the implementation of a smoking ban in Norway. METHODS The study included 93 subjects employed in 13 different establishments in Oslo. They were examined at the beginning and end of a workshift both while ETS exposure was present and when smoking was banned. The mean exposure level of nicotine and total dust before the ban was 28 microg/m3 (range 3-65) and 275 microg/m3 (range 81-506), respectively. Following the smoking ban, the mean level of nicotine and total dust was 0.6 mug/m3 and 77 microg/m3, respectively. Assessment of lung function included dynamic lung volumes and flows. RESULTS The cross shift reduction in forced vital capacity (FVC) among 69 subjects participating in both examinations changed from 81 ml (SD 136) during exposure to ETS to 52 ml (SD 156) (p = 0.24) following the smoking ban. The reduction in forced expired volume in one second (FEV1) during a workshift, was borderline significantly reduced when comparing the situation before and after the intervention, by 89 ml (SD = 132) compared to 46 ml (SD = 152) (p = 0.09), respectively. The reduction in forced mid-expiratory flow rate (FEF25-75%) changed significantly from 199 ml/s (SD = 372) to 64 ml/s (SD = 307) (p = 0.01). Among 26 non-smokers and 11 asthmatics, the reduction in FEV1 and FEF25-75% was significantly larger during ETS exposure compared to after the smoking ban. There was an association between the dust concentration and decrease in FEF25-75% before the ban among non-smokers (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS This first study of cross shift changes before and after the implementation of a smoking ban in restaurants and bars shows a larger cross shift decrease in lung function before compared with after the implementation of the ban.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Skogstad
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
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30
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Eichinger L, Pachebat J, Glöckner G, Rajandream MA, Sucgang R, Berriman M, Song J, Olsen R, Szafranski K, Xu Q, Tunggal B, Kummerfeld S, Madera M, Konfortov BA, Rivero F, Bankier AT, Lehmann R, Hamlin N, Davies R, Gaudet P, Fey P, Pilcher K, Chen G, Saunders D, Sodergren E, Davis P, Kerhornou A, Nie X, Hall N, Anjard C, Hemphill L, Bason N, Farbrother P, Desany B, Just E, Morio T, Rost R, Churcher C, Cooper J, Haydock S, van Driessche N, Cronin A, Goodhead I, Muzny D, Mourier T, Pain A, Lu M, Harper D, Lindsay R, Hauser H, James K, Quiles M, Babu MM, Saito T, Buchrieser C, Wardroper A, Felder M, Thangavelu M, Johnson D, Knights A, Loulseged H, Mungall K, Oliver K, Price C, Quail M, Urushihara H, Hernandez J, Rabbinowitsch E, Steffen D, Sanders M, Ma J, Kohara Y, Sharp S, Simmonds M, Spiegler S, Tivey A, Sugano S, White B, Walker D, Woodward J, Winckler T, Tanaka Y, Shaulsky G, Schleicher M, Weinstock G, Rosenthal A, Cox E, Chisholm RL, Gibbs R, Loomis WF, Platzer M, Kay RR, Williams J, Dear PH, Noegel AA, Barrell B, Kuspa A. The genome of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Nature 2005; 435:43-57. [PMID: 15875012 PMCID: PMC1352341 DOI: 10.1038/nature03481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 947] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2004] [Accepted: 02/17/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The social amoebae are exceptional in their ability to alternate between unicellular and multicellular forms. Here we describe the genome of the best-studied member of this group, Dictyostelium discoideum. The gene-dense chromosomes of this organism encode approximately 12,500 predicted proteins, a high proportion of which have long, repetitive amino acid tracts. There are many genes for polyketide synthases and ABC transporters, suggesting an extensive secondary metabolism for producing and exporting small molecules. The genome is rich in complex repeats, one class of which is clustered and may serve as centromeres. Partial copies of the extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA (rDNA) element are found at the ends of each chromosome, suggesting a novel telomere structure and the use of a common mechanism to maintain both the rDNA and chromosomal termini. A proteome-based phylogeny shows that the amoebozoa diverged from the animal-fungal lineage after the plant-animal split, but Dictyostelium seems to have retained more of the diversity of the ancestral genome than have plants, animals or fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Eichinger
- Center for Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - J.A. Pachebat
- Center for Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, MRC Centre, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
| | - G. Glöckner
- Genome Analysis, Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Beutenbergstr. 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - M.-A. Rajandream
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - R. Sucgang
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - M. Berriman
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - J. Song
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - R. Olsen
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - K. Szafranski
- Genome Analysis, Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Beutenbergstr. 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Q. Xu
- Dept. of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - B. Tunggal
- Center for Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - S. Kummerfeld
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, MRC Centre, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
| | - M. Madera
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, MRC Centre, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
| | - B. A. Konfortov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, MRC Centre, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
| | - F. Rivero
- Center for Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - A. T. Bankier
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, MRC Centre, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
| | - R. Lehmann
- Genome Analysis, Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Beutenbergstr. 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - N. Hamlin
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - R. Davies
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - P. Gaudet
- dictyBase, Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - P. Fey
- dictyBase, Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - K. Pilcher
- dictyBase, Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - G. Chen
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - D. Saunders
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - E. Sodergren
- Dept. of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - P. Davis
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - A. Kerhornou
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - X. Nie
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - N. Hall
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - C. Anjard
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - L. Hemphill
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - N. Bason
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - P. Farbrother
- Center for Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - B. Desany
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - E. Just
- dictyBase, Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - T. Morio
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - R. Rost
- Adolf-Butenandt-Institute/Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - C. Churcher
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - J. Cooper
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - S. Haydock
- Biochemistry Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - N. van Driessche
- Dept. of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - A. Cronin
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - I. Goodhead
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - D. Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - T. Mourier
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - A. Pain
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - M. Lu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - D. Harper
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - R. Lindsay
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - H. Hauser
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - K. James
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - M. Quiles
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - M. Madan Babu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, MRC Centre, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
| | - T. Saito
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - C. Buchrieser
- Unité de Genomique des Microorganismes Pathogenes, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - A. Wardroper
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, MRC Centre, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5YW, UK
| | - M. Felder
- Genome Analysis, Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Beutenbergstr. 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - M. Thangavelu
- MRC Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK
| | - D. Johnson
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - A. Knights
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - H. Loulseged
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - K. Mungall
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - K. Oliver
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - C. Price
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - M.A. Quail
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - H. Urushihara
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - J. Hernandez
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - E. Rabbinowitsch
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - D. Steffen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - M. Sanders
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - J. Ma
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Y. Kohara
- Centre for Genetic Resource Information, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - S. Sharp
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - M. Simmonds
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - S. Spiegler
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - A. Tivey
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - S. Sugano
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Minato, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - B. White
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - D. Walker
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - J. Woodward
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - T. Winckler
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Frankfurt (Biozentrum), Frankfurt am Main, 60439, Germany
| | - Y. Tanaka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - G. Shaulsky
- Dept. of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - M. Schleicher
- Adolf-Butenandt-Institute/Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - G. Weinstock
- Dept. of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - A. Rosenthal
- Genome Analysis, Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Beutenbergstr. 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - E.C. Cox
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544-1003, USA
| | - R. L. Chisholm
- dictyBase, Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - R. Gibbs
- Dept. of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - W. F. Loomis
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - M. Platzer
- Genome Analysis, Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Beutenbergstr. 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - R. R. Kay
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, MRC Centre, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
| | - J. Williams
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - P. H. Dear
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, MRC Centre, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
| | - A. A. Noegel
- Center for Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - B. Barrell
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - A. Kuspa
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030, USA
- Dept. of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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31
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Parker G, Bhakta P, Lovett CA, Paisley S, Olsen R, Turner D, Young B. A systematic review of the costs and effectiveness of different models of paediatric home care. Health Technol Assess 2003; 6:iii-108. [PMID: 12633528 DOI: 10.3310/hta6350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- Nuffield Community Care Studies Unit, University of Leicester, UK
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32
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Hansen B, Svistounov D, Olsen R, Nagai R, Horiuchi S, Smedsrød B. Advanced glycation end products impair the scavenger function of rat hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells. Diabetologia 2002; 45:1379-88. [PMID: 12378378 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-002-0912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2002] [Revised: 06/03/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We have previously reported that advanced glycation end products are eliminated from the circulation mainly by scavenger receptor-mediated uptake in hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells. Our experiments showed that the degradation of AGE-modified protein after endocytosis in hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells occurs slowly compared with that of other scavenger receptor ligands. The aim of this study was to investigate further the mechanism whereby AGE-modified protein affects the important scavenger function of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells. METHODS Primary cultures of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells were pre-incubated with unlabelled ligand, unbound ligand was washed off, and the endocytic capacity was measured by addition of radiolabelled ligand, and immune electron microscopy. RESULTS Pre-incubation with unlabelled AGE-modified bovine serum albumin reduced subsequent endocytosis of radiolabelled scavenger receptor ligands AGE-modified bovine serum albumin, formaldehyde-treated serum albumin, oxidized low density lipoprotein and acetylated low density lipoprotein by 50, 56, 32 and 20%, respectively. Non-scavenger receptor-mediated endocytosis was not affected by pre-exposure to AGE-modified protein. Pre-incubation with a number of non-AGE-ligands did not affect subsequent endocytosis via any of the major endocytosis receptors in hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells. Incubation in fresh medium for 6 h after pre-exposure to AGE-modified protein almost completely restored normal scavenger receptor-mediated endocytic activity. Quantitative immune electron microscopy showed that the amount of a newly described scavenger receptor for AGE-modified protein is reduced after pre-incubation with AGE-modified protein. Subcellular fractionation showed that pre-incubation with AGE-modified protein delays intracellular transport of scavenger receptor ligands. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Endocytosis of AGE-modified protein leads to loss of scavenger receptors and delayed intracellular transport in hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hansen
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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33
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Kittler JT, Rostaing P, Schiavo G, Fritschy JM, Olsen R, Triller A, Moss SJ. The subcellular distribution of GABARAP and its ability to interact with NSF suggest a role for this protein in the intracellular transport of GABA(A) receptors. Mol Cell Neurosci 2001; 18:13-25. [PMID: 11461150 DOI: 10.1006/mcne.2001.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
GABA(A) receptors the major sites of fast synaptic inhibition in the brain are composed predominately of alpha, beta, and gamma2 subunits. The receptor gamma2 subunit interacts with a 17-kDa microtubule associated protein GABARAP, but the significance of this interaction remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that GABARAP, which immunoprecipitates with GABA(A) receptors, is not found at significant levels within inhibitory synapses, but is enriched within the Golgi apparatus and postsynaptic cisternae. We also demonstrate that GABARAP binds directly to N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF), a protein critical for intracellular membrane trafficking events. NSF and GABARAP complexes could be detected in neurons and these two proteins also colocalize within intracellular membrane compartments. Together our observations suggest that GABARAP may play a role in intracellular GABA(A) receptor transport but not synaptic anchoring, via its ability to interact with NSF. GABARAP may therefore have an important role in the production of GABAergic synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Kittler
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, University College London (UCL), London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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34
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Olsen R, Maslin-Prothero P. Dilemmas in the provision of own-home respite support for parents of young children with complex health care needs: evidence from an evaluation. J Adv Nurs 2001; 34:603-10. [PMID: 11380728 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dilemmas in the provision of own-home respite support for parents of young children with complex health care needs: evidence from an evaluation Aims. The aim of this article is to present some of the results of a qualitative evaluation of a United Kingdom (UK) nurse-led, home-based, respite service for the families of children under the age of five with complex health care needs. Background. Advances in neonatal medical and nursing care have contributed to a growth in the number of children who survive low birth weight, birth trauma, and various congenital anomalies. Many of these children are likely to have long-term care needs which will require innovative nursing responses. Of particular importance is the need for parental respite, given the added demands of caring for very ill children at home. Methods. A parent-centred, follow-up evaluation, using in-depth qualitative interviews with parents in 18 families consecutively referred to the Children's Outreach Service between April and December 1997. Findings. This evaluation reveals the sometimes mixed reactions of parents to this innovative service, and the equivocal evidence about its role in contributing to family well-being. We discuss, from the perspective of parents using the service, some of the dilemmas and problems in the provision of home-based respite support to this client group. In particular, we explore the diverse ways in which families talk about their need for respite support and point to the need for flexibility in this kind of service provision if these support needs are to be met. Conclusion. We conclude by discussing the practice implications of our evaluation for those planning similar services.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Olsen
- Research Associate, Nuffield Community Care Studies Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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35
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Abstract
The distribution of optimal local alignment scores of random sequences plays a vital role in evaluating the statistical significance of sequence alignments. These scores can be well described by an extreme-value distribution. The distribution's parameters depend upon the scoring system employed and the random letter frequencies; in general they cannot be derived analytically, but must be estimated by curve fitting. For obtaining accurate parameter estimates, a form of the recently described 'island' method has several advantages. We describe this method in detail, and use it to investigate the functional dependence of these parameters on finite-length edge effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Altschul
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
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36
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Zykova SN, Jenssen TG, Berdal M, Olsen R, Myklebust R, Seljelid R. Altered cytokine and nitric oxide secretion in vitro by macrophages from diabetic type II-like db/db mice. Diabetes 2000; 49:1451-8. [PMID: 10969828 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.49.9.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage dysfunction is a likely mechanism underlying common diabetic complications such as increased susceptibility to infection, accelerated atherosclerosis, and disturbed wound healing. There are no available studies on the function of tissue macrophages in diabetes in humans. We have therefore studied peritoneal macrophages from diabetic type 2-like db/db mice. We found that the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta from lipopolysaccharide plus interferon-gamma-stimulated macrophages and vascular endothelial growth factor from both stimulated and nonstimulated macrophages was significantly reduced in diabetic animals compared with nondiabetic controls. Nitric oxide production from the stimulated db/db macrophages was significantly higher than that in the db/+ cultures, whereas there was no difference in their ability to generate reactive oxygen species. When studied both at light and electron microscopic levels, macrophages in diabetic animals had an altered morphological appearance compared with those of normal controls. We conclude that the function and morphology of the macrophages are disturbed in db/db mice and that this disturbance is related to the mechanisms underlying common inflammatory and degenerative manifestations in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Zykova
- Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Norway.
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37
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Fuskevåg OM, Kristiansen C, Olsen R, Aarbakke J, Lindal S. Microvascular perturbations in rats receiving the maximum tolerated dose of methotrexate or its major metabolite 7-hydroxymethotrexate. Ultrastruct Pathol 2000; 24:325-32. [PMID: 11071571 DOI: 10.1080/019131200750035058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a clinically important cytostatic antifolate. The study describes the acute effects of maximum tolerated doses of MTX or its major metabolite 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7-OH-MTX) on the ultrastructure of rat liver and kidneys. The ultrastructural changes in rats receiving MTX or 7-OH-MTX were, in principle, indistinguishable and their severity and extension increased with time of survival or doses of medication. All lesions were focal, microvascular, or parenchymal. Microvascular changes were more severe in nature when blood cells were present. The endothelial cells were swollen with loss of pinocytotic vesicles, their luminal plasma membrane formed blebs or were disrupted. Partly detached endothelial cells or deendothelialized areas, various types of white blood cells, in particular, neutrophil granulocytes, were observed in the microcirculation. Single platelets or small platelet aggregates were found either in the lumen or adhering to deendothelialized areas of injured endothelial cells. Hepatocytes exhibited steatosis, edema, and manifest single cell necrosis. There were also nuclear changes, marked proliferation of smooth endoplasmatic reticulum, increased amounts of intracellular lipid vacuoles, and a decrease in glycogen particles in hepatocytes. The kidney presented the major changes in the tubules and in the interstitial part. MTX and 7-OH-MTX acute toxicity may primarily be related to microvascular perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Fuskevåg
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Norway
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38
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Hansen JB, Svensson B, Olsen R, Ezban M, Osterud B, Paulssen RH. Heparin induces synthesis and secretion of tissue factor pathway inhibitor from endothelial cells in vitro. Thromb Haemost 2000; 83:937-43. [PMID: 10896252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
TFPI is a potent inhibitor of the extrinsic coagulation system constitutively synthesized by endothelial cells. A major portion of intravascular TFPI is stored associated with endothelial cells. and administration of unfractionated heparin (UFH) in vivo causes a prompt mobilization of TFPI into the circulation. The present study was conducted to investigate how UFH affected the synthesis, secretion and anticoagulant potency of TFPI in endothelial cells in vitro. A spontaneously transformed immortal endothelial cell line was used (ECV304). Stimulation of ECV304 cells with UFH caused a prompt dose-dependent (0-5 IU UFH/ml) release of TFPI to the medium accompanied by no change of TFPI at the surface membrane assessed by immunocytochemical methods. Northern blot analysis revealed two mRNA transcripts for TFPI with a molecular size of 1.4 kb and 4.4 kb, respectively. Stimulation of ECV304 cells for 24 hrs with various concentrations of UFH caused a dose-dependent increase of TFPI in the medium (6.2-29.6 ng/10(6) cells within the concentration range 0-10 IU/ml). A similar dose-dependent increase in the expression of both TFPI mRNA species was observed. Long-term incubation of ECV304 cells with 5.0 IU/ml UFH caused a 5-10 fold increase in the TFPI concentration accumulated in the medium over 48 hrs. The increased TFPI mRNA expression induced by UFH appeared already after 10 min, peaked after 2-4 hrs, remained augmented throughout the entire period of UFH exposure, and preceded the synthesis-dependent increase in TFPI release by 2-4 hrs. The procoagulant activity of the cells was downregulated by 36% and the contribution of TFPI to the anticoagulant potency of ECV304 cells was moderately increased after 24 hrs heparin stimulation. It is suggested that these mechanisms are of major importance for the anticoagulant function of heparins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Hansen
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway.
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39
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Olsen R, Bundschuh R, Hwa T. Rapid assessment of extremal statistics for gapped local alignment. Proc Int Conf Intell Syst Mol Biol 2000:211-22. [PMID: 10786304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The statistical significance of gapped local alignments is characterized by analyzing the extremal statistics of the scores obtained from the alignment of random amino acid sequences. By identifying a complete set of linked clusters, "islands," we devise a method which accurately predicts the extremal score statistics by using only one to a few pairwise alignments. The success of our method relies crucially on the link between the statistics of island scores and extremal score statistics. This link is motivated by heuristic arguments, and firmly established by extensive numerical simulations for a variety of scoring parameter settings and sequence lengths. Our approach is several orders of magnitude faster than the widely used shuffling method, since island counting is trivially incorporated into the basic Smith-Waterman alignment algorithm with minimal computational cost, and all islands are counted in a single alignment. The availability of a rapid and accurate significance estimation method gives one the flexibility to fine tune scoring parameters to detect weakly homologous sequences and obtain optimal alignment fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Olsen
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0319, USA.
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40
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Brandon NJ, Uren JM, Kittler JT, Wang H, Olsen R, Parker PJ, Moss SJ. Subunit-specific association of protein kinase C and the receptor for activated C kinase with GABA type A receptors. J Neurosci 1999; 19:9228-34. [PMID: 10531426 PMCID: PMC6782933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
GABA receptors (GABA(A)) are the major sites of fast synaptic inhibition in the brain and can be assembled from five subunit classes: alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon. Receptor function can be regulated by direct phosphorylation of beta and gamma2 subunits, but how kinases are targeted to GABA(A) receptors is unknown. Here we show that protein kinase C-betaII (PKC-betaII) is capable of directly binding to the intracellular domain of the receptor beta1 and beta3 subunits, but not to those of the alpha1 or gamma2 subunits. Moreover, associating PKC-betaII is capable of specifically phosphorylating serine 409 in beta1 subunit and serines 408/409 within the beta3 subunit, key residues for modulating GABA(A) receptor function. The receptor for activated C kinase (RACK-1) was found also to bind to the beta1 subunit intracellular domain, but PKC binding appeared to be independent of this protein. Using immunoprecipitation, the association of PKC isoforms and RACK-1 with neuronal GABA(A) receptors was seen. Furthermore, PKC isoforms associating with neuronal receptors were capable of phosphorylating the receptor beta3 subunit. Together, these observations suggest GABA(A) receptors are intimately associated with PKC isoforms via a direct interaction with receptor beta subunits. This interaction may serve to localize PKC activity to GABA(A) receptors in neurons allowing the rapid regulation of receptor activity by cell-signaling pathways that modify PKC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Brandon
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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41
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Shadidy M, Caubit X, Olsen R, Seternes OM, Moens U, Krauss S. Biochemical analysis of mouse FKBP60, a novel member of the FKPB family. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999; 1446:295-307. [PMID: 10524204 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have identified mouse and human FKBP60, a new member of the FKBP gene family. FKBP60 shares strongest homology with FKBP65 and SMAP. FKBP60 contains a hydrophobic signal peptide at the N-terminus, 4 peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) domains and an endoplasmic reticulum retention motif (HDEL) at the C-terminus. Immunodetection of HA-tagged FKBP60 in NIH-3T3 cells suggests that FKBP60 is segregated to the endoplasmic reticulum. Northern blot analysis shows that FKBP60 is predominantly expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, lung, liver and kidney. With N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-p-nitroanilide as a substrate, recombinant GST-FKBP60 is shown to accelerate effectively the isomerization of the peptidyl-prolyl bond. This isomerization activity is inhibited by FK506. mFKBP60 binds Ca2+ in vitro, presumably by its C-terminal EF-hand Ca2+ binding motif, and is phosphorylated in vivo. hFKBP60 has been mapped to 7p12 and/or 7p14 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shadidy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Tromsø, Norway
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42
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Lindal S, Vaage J, Olsen R, Straume BK, Jørgensen L, Sørlie D. Endothelial injury and trapping of blood cells in human myocardium following coronary bypass surgery. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 1999; 33:143-50. [PMID: 10399801 DOI: 10.1080/14017439950141768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the focal myocytic and microvascular injury that develops during the first hour of reperfusion after hypothermic cardioplegic cardiac arrest, and to compare the influence of gentle versus more abrupt reperfusion, serial atrial biopsies were obtained from 14 patients undergoing uneventful coronary bypass surgery. The biopsies were taken before cardioplegia, at the start of reperfusion, and after 20 and 60 min of reperfusion. Transmission electron micrographs of biopsies examined by stereological techniques revealed endothelial injury. Following 20 min reperfusion there was accumulation of both red blood cells (p = 0.03) and polymorphonuclear leucocytes (p = 0.0004) were found. There was also intravascular accumulation of platelets (p = 0.008) and extravasation of red blood cells (p = 0.02), which increased throughout the observation period. If reperfusion was started with a gradual rise in temperature and pressure, the numbers of platelets in the microvessels were lower than following ordinary, abrupt reperfusion (p = 0.06). It is concluded that reperfusion injury is associated with microcirculatory disturbances with trapping of blood cells, changes which may be favourably modified by a gentle reperfusion technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lindal
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Tromsø, Norway.
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43
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Abstract
Mutual correlation between segments of DNA or protein sequences can be detected by Smith-Waterman local alignments. We present a statistical analysis of alignment of such sequences, based on a recent scaling theory. A new fidelity measure is introduced and shown to capture the significance of the local alignment, i.e., the extent to which the correlated subsequences are correctly identified. It is demonstrated how the fidelity may be optimized in the space of penalty parameters using only the alignment score data of a single sequence pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Olsen
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0319, USA.
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44
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Hellevik T, Martinez I, Olsen R, Toh BH, Webster P, Smedsrød B. Transport of residual endocytosed products into terminal lysosomes occurs slowly in rat liver endothelial cells. Hepatology 1998; 28:1378-89. [PMID: 9794925 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510280529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-mediated endocytosis of circulating collagen is a major physiological scavenger function of the liver endothelial cell and an important catabolic event in the complete turnover of this abundant connective tissue protein. In the present study, transport of collagen through the endocytic pathway was investigated in cultured liver endothelial cells. Collagen conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate, to allow detection of the ligand by fluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, was found sequentially in three different organelles that compose the basic degradative endocytic pathway of eukaryotic cells: early endosomes, late endosomes, and terminal lysosomes. Early endosomes were identified as vesicles positive for early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1). Late endosomes were distinguished as structures positive for the late endosomal/lysosomal marker rat lysosomal membrane glycoprotein 120, but negative for EEA1 and lysosomally targeted BSA-gold. Lysosomes were defined by their content of BSA-gold, injected 24 hours before isolation of cells. Coated pits and coated vesicles mediated an extremely rapid internalization. Shortly after internalization and during the first 20 minutes, ligand was found in early endosomes. From 20 minutes on, ligand started to appear in late endosomes (23%), and by 2 hours the transfer was largely complete (82.5%). Only 2.5% of ligand was transferred to the lysosomes after 2 hours, and this number slowly increased to 21% and 53% after 6 and 16 hours, respectively. We conclude that 1) EEA1 is a useful marker for tracing early events of endocytosis in liver endothelial cells; 2) in contrast to the rapid internalization, transit of internalized ligand through early sorting endosomes generally takes from 20 minutes to 2 hours; and 3) exit from the late endosomes is very slow, requiring several hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hellevik
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Tromso, N-9037 Tromso, Norway.
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45
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Blakeslee J, Noll G, Olsen R, Triozzi PL. Adoptive immunotherapy of feline leukemia virus infection using autologous lymph node lymphocytes. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1998; 18:1-6. [PMID: 9593451 DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199805010-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy using autologous cells expanded ex vivo from lymph nodes was examined in cats infected with the retrovirus feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Cells were obtained from popliteal lymph nodes from 18 FeLV-antigen-positive cats without complications; a mean of 6.2 x 10(7) cells were obtained. Lymph node cells were cultured with 600 IU/ml interleukin-2 (IL-2) for 7 days. Cells expanded 0.8- to 11-fold (mean, 2.7; median, 2.4); were 80% +/- 8.0% CD3+, 29% +/- 8.1% CD4+, and 41% +/- 7.0% CD8+, and exhibited cytolytic activity against FeLV-transformed FL74 cells. Sixteen cats received a single intravenous infusion of 0.13 to 3.9 x 10(8) cells. Cell infusion was well tolerated; fever developed approximately 1 hour postinfusion. Clinical activity, antiviral activity, or both was observed in 10 cats. Nine cats had clinical responses with improvement in weight, activity, appearance, or a combination of these that began 2 to 4 weeks after cell infusion and that lasted for up to 13 or more months. FeLV antigen became undetectable in 4 cats. These results indicate that adoptive immunotherapy using autologous lymph node cells, activated and expanded ex vivo in short-term cultures with low concentrations of IL-2, can modulate the course of a retroviral infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/analysis
- Antigens, Viral/blood
- Cat Diseases/therapy
- Cats
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Flow Cytometry/veterinary
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/veterinary
- Immunophenotyping/veterinary
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/veterinary
- Interleukin-2/immunology
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/veterinary
- Leukemia Virus, Feline/immunology
- Leukemia, Feline/therapy
- Lymph Nodes/cytology
- Male
- Retroviridae Infections/therapy
- Retroviridae Infections/veterinary
- Saliva/virology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Virus Infections/therapy
- Tumor Virus Infections/veterinary
- Viremia/therapy
- Viremia/veterinary
- Viremia/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- J Blakeslee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
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46
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Abstract
Informal support is a vital part of diabetes care, for adolescents in particular. However, we have a poor appreciation of how adolescents characterize informal support relationships, and how they change over time. This article is based on qualitative, in-depth interviews and focus groups with 21 adolescents (14-19 years old) in Leicestershire. We studied the content and substance of relationships between adolescents with diabetes and their families and friends, how they change and develop over time, and how they interact with formal support from health professionals. We identify a key problem--progressive independence from family life and progressive withdrawal of formal health service input leaves some older adolescents feeling isolated, with possible implications for likely maintenance of contact with routine services.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Olsen
- Nuffield Community Care Studies Unit, Leicester University, UK
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Hansen JB, Olsen R, Webster P. Association of tissue factor pathway inhibitor with human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Blood 1997; 90:3568-78. [PMID: 9345040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a serine protease inhibitor of the extrinsic coagulation system, synthesized in endothelial cells, which has recently been shown to play an important role in the regulation of activated coagulation factors at the endothelial cell surface. In the present study we investigated the subcellular localization and metabolism of TFPI in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Immunocytochemical labeling of HUVEC with anti-TFPI showed specific labeling associated with the cell surface and with many intracellular organelles including the Golgi complex. Further characterization of these organelles was performed by colocalizing the anti-TFPI with 3-(2, 4-dinitroanilino)'-amino-N-methyldipropylamine (DAMP; to demonstrate low pH), mannose phosphate receptor (endosomes), and LAMP 1 (late endocytic compartments). TFPI also colocalized with antibodies to the human transferrin receptor, a marker for early endocytic, recycling compartment. Endogenous TFPI colocalized with biotin in intracellular vesicles during endocytosis after biotinylation of the cell surface, which indicated that TFPI was being co-internalized with the surface biotin. The binding of exogenously added 125I-TFPI increased linearly to HUVEC over the concentration range of 0 to 32 nmol/L without saturation, the binding was not affected by up to a thousand-fold molar excess of unlabeled TFPI, and heparin inhibited the binding dose dependently. An intact C-terminal domain was important for the interaction between TFPI and the cell surface of HUVEC, because less than 10% of a C-terminal truncated form of TFPI (TFPI1-161) was bound after addition of equimolar concentrations of full-length TFPI. Exogenously added 125I-TFPI was not degraded in HUVEC during 4 hours at 37 degrees C. The presence of TFPI in endocytic and recycling compartments support the hypothesis that endogenous, membrane-anchored TFPI could be internalized for subsequent recycling back to the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Hansen
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
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Olsen R. [The use of nursing homes for drug addicts]. Sygeplejersken 1997; 97:19. [PMID: 9370810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Sveinbjørnsson B, Rushfeldt C, Olsen R, Smedsrød B, Seljelid R. Cytotoxic effect of cytokines on murine colon carcinoma cells involves TNF-mediated apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 233:270-5. [PMID: 9144436 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the cytotoxic effect of TNF-alpha on C-26 murine colon carcinoma cells in vitro. Treatment with TNF-alpha alone did not result in any demonstrable cytotoxicity. However, when combined with IFN-gamma, the cytotoxic effect of TNF-alpha was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner. An agonistic TNF-R1 specific antibody and recombinant human TNF-alpha both exerted a cytotoxic effect when combined with IFN-gamma, suggesting that the cytotoxicity was mediated through the TNF-R1. The cytotoxicity was associated with production of nitric oxide without any direct involvement in the cytotoxic effect. At the ultrastructural level, treated cells displayed a typical apoptotic morphology which was not accompanied by internucleosomal cleavage of DNA as shown by conventional electrophoresis.
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Fredriksen F, Myklebust R, Olsen R, Räisänen S, Stenfors LE. In situ localization of Streptococcus pyogenes during acute tonsillitis: an immunocytochemical study with gold markers. Acta Otolaryngol 1996; 116:892-5. [PMID: 8973728 DOI: 10.3109/00016489609137947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cells were harvested from the surface of the palatine tonsils of seven patients with current acute tonsillitis, proven culture-positive for Streptococcus pyogenes. The epithelial cells harboured attached bacteria, which expressed positive affinity to gold-labelled antiserum to S. pyogenes. The gold particles adhered selectively to the bacterial capsules. The microorganisms were held in place by projections protruding from the epithelial cells, which were in close contact with the pili of the bacteria. In some areas, positive immunogold-labelled bacteria intermingled with bacteria lacking such labelling. None of the culture-negative controls harboured epithelial cells with positive immunogold-labelled bacteria. Orally administered phenoxymethylpenicillin caused a significant reduction in both culture-positive S. pyogenes and bacteria displaying positive coating with specific gold-labelled antiserum to S. pyogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fredriksen
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tromsø, Norway
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