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Su Y, Wu M, Zhou B, Bai Z, Pang R, Liu Z, Zhao W. Paclitaxel mediates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to reduce proliferation of FLT3‑ITD + AML cells and promote apoptosis. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:161. [PMID: 38476887 PMCID: PMC10928971 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations in the FLT3 tyrosine kinase tend to have a poor prognosis. FLT3-ITD can promote the progress of AML by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a natural anticancer drug that has been widely used in chemotherapy for multiple malignancies. The present study used the CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, PCR and western blotting to explore the anti-leukemia effect and possible mechanisms of PTX on MV4-11 cells with the FLT3-ITD mutation and the underlying mechanism. As a result, it was found that PTX could inhibit proliferation of MV4-11 cells and promoted apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Su
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Meiqing Wu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Baowen Zhou
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ziwen Bai
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ruli Pang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfang Liu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Zhao
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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Yu JW, Pang R, Liu B, Zhang L, Kong LY. Development and validation of a nomogram model for predicting distant metastasis of aged ≥50 patients with thyroid carcinoma: a SEER database analysis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28:2351-2362. [PMID: 38567598 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202403_35742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work aimed to construct and validate a model for predicting distant metastasis (DM) in thyroid carcinoma (TC) patients aged≥50. PATIENTS AND METHODS The research data were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program databases via SEER*Stat software (https://seer.cancer.gov/). Logistics regression was used to screen the independent risk factors for TC patients. The nomogram was constructed and validated based on the logistics regression results for predicting DM occurrence in TC patients. Moreover, the characteristic curves (ROC) were used to assess the predictive performance. The decision analysis curve (DCA) and the calibration curve were used to test this nomogram's accuracy and discrimination. Additionally, we analyzed survival and risk scores in TC patients with metastasis using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) method. RESULTS A total of 11,166 TC patients were divided into a training set and a validation set. The results showed that topography (T), lymph node metastasis (N), and (grade) G were crucial risk factors for predicting DM. ROC analysis showed that the model had a good discriminative ability both in the training and validation set. The DCA curve showed greater net benefits across a range of DM risks for the nomogram in the training and validation set. Survival analyses showed that the metastasis cases with low-risk scores have shown a poorer prognosis in this study, both in the training and validation set. CONCLUSIONS The nomogram model had excellent predictive performance and net benefit for predicting DM of TC patients aged ≥50. The model can help doctors develop treatment plans for their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-W Yu
- Department of Head and Neck Thyroid, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Rodriguez-Sibaja MJ, Villar J, Ohuma EO, Napolitano R, Heyl S, Carvalho M, Jaffer YA, Noble JA, Oberto M, Purwar M, Pang R, Cheikh Ismail L, Lambert A, Gravett MG, Salomon LJ, Drukker L, Barros FC, Kennedy SH, Bhutta ZA, Papageorghiou AT. Fetal cerebellar growth and Sylvian fissure maturation: international standards from Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of INTERGROWTH-21 st Project. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 57:614-623. [PMID: 32196791 DOI: 10.1002/uog.22017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct international ultrasound-based standards for fetal cerebellar growth and Sylvian fissure maturation. METHODS Healthy, well nourished pregnant women, enrolled at < 14 weeks' gestation in the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study (FGLS) of INTERGROWTH-21st , an international multicenter, population-based project, underwent serial three-dimensional (3D) fetal ultrasound scans every 5 ± 1 weeks until delivery in study sites located in Brazil, India, Italy, Kenya and the UK. In the present analysis, only those fetuses that underwent developmental assessment at 2 years of age were included. We measured the transcerebellar diameter and assessed Sylvian fissure maturation using two-dimensional ultrasound images extracted from available 3D fetal head volumes. The appropriateness of pooling data from the five sites was assessed using variance component analysis and standardized site differences. For each Sylvian fissure maturation score (left or right side), mean gestational age and 95% CI were calculated. Transcerebellar diameter was modeled using fractional polynomial regression, and goodness of fit was assessed. RESULTS Of those children in the original FGLS cohort who had developmental assessment at 2 years of age, 1130 also had an available 3D ultrasound fetal head volume. The sociodemographic characteristics and pregnancy/perinatal outcomes of the study sample confirmed the health and low-risk status of the population studied. In addition, the fetuses had low morbidity and adequate growth and development at 2 years of age. In total, 3016 and 2359 individual volumes were available for transcerebellar-diameter and Sylvian-fissure analysis, respectively. Variance component analysis and standardized site differences showed that the five study populations were sufficiently similar on the basis of predefined criteria for the data to be pooled to produce international standards. A second-degree fractional polynomial provided the best fit for modeling transcerebellar diameter; we then estimated gestational-age-specific 3rd , 50th and 97th smoothed centiles. Goodness-of-fit analysis comparing empirical centiles with smoothed centile curves showed good agreement. The Sylvian fissure increased in maturation with advancing gestation, with complete overlap of the mean gestational age and 95% CIs between the sexes for each development score. No differences in Sylvian fissure maturation between the right and left hemispheres were observed. CONCLUSION We present, for the first time, international standards for fetal cerebellar growth and Sylvian fissure maturation throughout pregnancy based on a healthy fetal population that exhibited adequate growth and development at 2 years of age. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Rodriguez-Sibaja
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Villar
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E O Ohuma
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R Napolitano
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Heyl
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Carvalho
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Y A Jaffer
- Department of Family & Community Health, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - J A Noble
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Oberto
- S.C. Ostetricia 2U, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - M Purwar
- Nagpur INTERGROWTH-21st Research Centre, Ketkar Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - R Pang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - L Cheikh Ismail
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Lambert
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M G Gravett
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L J Salomon
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - L Drukker
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - F C Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - S H Kennedy
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Z A Bhutta
- Center for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - A T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Napolitano R, Molloholli M, Donadono V, Ohuma EO, Wanyonyi SZ, Kemp B, Yaqub MK, Ash S, Barros FC, Carvalho M, Jaffer YA, Noble JA, Oberto M, Purwar M, Pang R, Cheikh Ismail L, Lambert A, Gravett MG, Salomon LJ, Bhutta ZA, Kennedy SH, Villar J, Papageorghiou AT. International standards for fetal brain structures based on serial ultrasound measurements from Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of INTERGROWTH-21 st Project. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020; 56:359-370. [PMID: 32048426 DOI: 10.1002/uog.21990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To create prescriptive growth standards for five fetal brain structures, measured using ultrasound, in healthy, well-nourished women at low risk of impaired fetal growth and poor perinatal outcome, taking part in the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study (FGLS) of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. METHODS This was a complementary analysis of a large, population-based, multicenter, longitudinal study. The sample analyzed was selected randomly from the overall FGLS population, ensuring an equal distribution among the eight diverse participating sites and of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound volumes across pregnancy (range: 15-36 weeks' gestation). We measured, in planes reconstructed from 3D ultrasound volumes of the fetal head at different timepoints in pregnancy, the size of the parieto-occipital fissure (POF), Sylvian fissure (SF), anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, atrium of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle (PV) and cisterna magna (CM). Fractional polynomials were used to construct the standards. Growth and development of the infants were assessed at 1 and 2 years of age to confirm their adequacy for constructing international standards. RESULTS From the entire FGLS cohort of 4321 women, 451 (10.4%) were selected at random. After exclusions, 3D ultrasound volumes from 442 fetuses born without a congenital malformation were used to create the charts. The fetal brain structures of interest were identified in 90% of cases. All structures, except the PV, showed increasing size with gestational age, and the size of the POF, SF, PV and CM showed increasing variability. The 3rd , 5th , 50th , 95th and 97th smoothed centiles are presented. The 5th centiles for the POF and SF were 3.1 mm and 4.7 mm at 22 weeks' gestation and 4.6 mm and 9.9 mm at 32 weeks, respectively. The 95th centiles for the PV and CM were 8.5 mm and 7.5 mm at 22 weeks and 8.6 mm and 9.5 mm at 32 weeks, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We have produced prescriptive size standards for fetal brain structures based on prospectively enrolled pregnancies at low risk of abnormal outcome. We recommend these as international standards for the assessment of measurements obtained using ultrasound from fetal brain structures. © 2020 Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Napolitano
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Molloholli
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - V Donadono
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E O Ohuma
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Z Wanyonyi
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - B Kemp
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M K Yaqub
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Ash
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - F C Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - M Carvalho
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Y A Jaffer
- Department of Family & Community Health, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - J A Noble
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Oberto
- S.C. Ostetricia 2U, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy
| | - M Purwar
- Nagpur INTERGROWTH-21st Research Centre, Ketkar Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - R Pang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - L Cheikh Ismail
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Lambert
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M G Gravett
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L J Salomon
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Z A Bhutta
- Center for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - S H Kennedy
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Villar
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Chen J, Li T, Pang R. miR-2703 regulates the chitin biosynthesis pathway by targeting chitin synthase 1a in Nilaparvata lugens. Insect Mol Biol 2020; 29:38-47. [PMID: 31260146 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The chitin biosynthesis pathway is an important physiology process in arthropods. However, few microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in the regulation of the chitin biosynthesis pathway in insects have been reported until now. In this study, four groups of samples that either upregulated or downregulated the chitin biosynthesis pathway were collected for deep sequencing, and a total of 15 unique mature miRNAs with significantly different expression levels were found, including 11 known miRNAs and four novel miRNAs. Subsequently, we showed that miR-2703 and its new target gene chitin synthase 1a are important for ecdysone-induced chitin biosynthesis in Nilaparvata lugens, a serious insect pest of rice. The nymphs showed an obvious moulting defect phenotype, lower survival rate and significantly reduced chitin content after miR-2703 feeding or injection. Furthermore, we found that the transcription level of miR-2703 was not repressed by 20-hydroxyecdysone signalling after Broad-Complex (BR-C) double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) injection compared with the repressed levels after green fluorescent protein dsRNA injection, suggesting that the involvement of miR-2703 in the 20-hydroxyecdysone pathway contributes to BR-C activity. miR-2703 regulates the chitin biosynthesis pathway by targeting chitin synthase 1a in response to 20-hydroxyecdysone signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - T Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - R Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Cavallaro A, Ash ST, Napolitano R, Wanyonyi S, Ohuma EO, Molloholli M, Sande J, Sarris I, Ioannou C, Norris T, Donadono V, Carvalho M, Purwar M, Barros FC, Jaffer YA, Bertino E, Pang R, Gravett MG, Salomon LJ, Noble JA, Altman DG, Papageorghiou AT. Quality control of ultrasound for fetal biometry: results from the INTERGROWTH-21 st Project. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; 52:332-339. [PMID: 28718938 DOI: 10.1002/uog.18811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess a comprehensive package of ultrasound quality control in the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project, a large multicenter study of fetal growth. METHODS Quality control (QC) measures were performed for 20 313 ultrasound scan images obtained prospectively from 4321 fetuses at 14-41 weeks' gestation in eight geographical locations. At the time of each ultrasound examination, three fetal biometric variables (head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL)) were measured in triplicate on separately generated images. All measurements were taken in a blinded fashion. QC had two elements: (1) qualitative QC: visual assessment by sonographers at each study site of their images based on specific criteria, with 10% of images being re-assessed at the Oxford-based Ultrasound Quality Unit (compared using an adjusted kappa statistic); and (2) quantitative QC: assessment of measurement data by comparing the first, second and third measurements (intraobserver variability), remeasurement of caliper replacement in 10% (interobserver variability), both by Bland-Altman plots and plotting frequency histograms of the SD of triplicate measurements and assessing how many were above or below 2 SD of the expected distribution. The system allowed the sonographers' performances to be monitored regularly. RESULTS A high level of agreement between self- and external scoring was demonstrated for all measurements (κ = 0.99 (95% CI, 0.98-0.99) for HC, 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97-0.99) for AC and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.95-0.98) for FL). Intraobserver 95% limits of agreement (LoA) of ultrasound measures for HC, AC and FL were ± 3.3%, ± 5.6% and ± 6.2%, respectively; the corresponding values for interobserver LoA were ± 4.4%, ± 6.0% and ± 5.6%. The SD distribution of triplicate measurements for all biometric variables showed excessive variability for three of 31 sonographers, allowing prompt identification and retraining. CONCLUSIONS Qualitative and quantitative QC monitoring was feasible and highly reproducible in a large multicenter research study, which facilitated the production of high-quality ultrasound images. We recommend that the QC system we developed is implemented in future research studies and clinical practice. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cavallaro
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S T Ash
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R Napolitano
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Wanyonyi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - E O Ohuma
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Molloholli
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Sande
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - I Sarris
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C Ioannou
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - T Norris
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - V Donadono
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Carvalho
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M Purwar
- Nagpur INTERGROWTH-21st Research Centre, Ketkar Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - F C Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Y A Jaffer
- Department of Family & Community Health, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - E Bertino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell'Adolescenza, Cattedra di Neonatologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - R Pang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - M G Gravett
- Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth (GAPPS), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L J Salomon
- Maternité Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - J A Noble
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D G Altman
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Pang R, Guo R, Wu X, Hu F, Liu M, Zhang L, Wang Z, Li K. Altered Regional Homogeneity in Chronic Insomnia Disorder with or without Cognitive Impairment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:742-747. [PMID: 29496724 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Many studies have shown that insomnia is an independent factor in cognitive impairment, but the involved neurobiological mechanisms remain unclear. We used regional homogeneity to explore the specific neurobiologic indicators of chronic insomnia disorder with mild cognitive impairment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-nine patients with insomnia were divided into a group with and without cognitive impairment; we also included a control group (n = 28). Abnormalities in brain functional activity were identified by comparing the regional homogeneity values for each brain region among the groups. RESULTS Subjective insomnia scores were negatively correlated with cognitive impairment after controlling for age, sex, and educational effects. Regions with significant differences in regional homogeneity values in the 3 groups were concentrated in the right medial prefrontal cortex, the right superior frontal gyrus, and the left superior occipital gyrus. Meanwhile, subjective insomnia scores were negatively correlated with the strength of the decreased regional homogeneity in the right medial prefrontal cortex. The increased regional homogeneity value in the right superior frontal gyrus was positively correlated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score in patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that decreased regional homogeneity values in the medial prefrontal cortex and increased regional homogeneity values in the cuneus may be important neurobiologic indicators of chronic insomnia disorder and accompanying cognitive impairment. Overall, our study described the regional homogeneity of the whole brain in chronic insomnia disorder with mild cognitive impairment and could be the basis for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pang
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.P., M.L., Z.W., K.L.).,Department of Radiology (R.P., K.L.), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - X Wu
- Acupuncture (X.W.), Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - F Hu
- Institute of Automation (F.H.), Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing, China.,School of Automation (F.H.), Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - M Liu
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.P., M.L., Z.W., K.L.)
| | | | - Z Wang
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.P., M.L., Z.W., K.L.)
| | - K Li
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.P., M.L., Z.W., K.L.) .,Department of Radiology (R.P., K.L.), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics (K.L.), Beijing, China
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8
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Kang K, Yang P, Pang R, Yue L, Zhang W. Cycle affects imidacloprid efficiency by mediating cytochrome P450 expression in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. Insect Mol Biol 2017; 26:522-529. [PMID: 28543984 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks influence most behaviours and physiological activities in animals, including daily fluctuations in metabolism. However, how the clock gene cycle influences insects' responses to pesticides has rarely been reported. Here, we provide evidence that cycle affects imidacloprid efficacy by mediating the expression of cytochrome P450 genes in the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens, a serious insect pest of rice. Survival bioassays showed that the susceptibility of BPH adults to imidacloprid differed significantly between the two time points tested [Zeitgeber Time 8 (ZT8) and ZT4]. After cloning the cycle gene in the BPH (Nlcycle), we found that Nlcycle was expressed at higher levels in the fat body and midgut, and its expression was rhythmic with two peaks. Knockdown of Nlcycle affected the expression levels and rhythms of cytochrome P450 genes as well as susceptibility to imidacloprid. The survival rates of BPH adults after treatment with imidacloprid did not significantly differ between ZT4 and ZT8 after double-stranded Nlcycle treatment. These findings can be used to improve pesticide use and increase pesticide efficiency in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - P Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - R Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - W Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Pang R, Lee D. FINDING MEANING IN DEMENTIA FAMILY CAREGIVING: A PILOT STUDY. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Pang
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - D. Lee
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Yao X, Zhang JJ, Han L, Pang R. [The expression of PIK3CA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017; 31:687-690. [PMID: 29871347 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective:Analysis of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit of alpha(PIK3CA) expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and prognosis.Method:On normal nasopharyngeal mucosa and tissue adjacent to carcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues serine/threonine protein kinase (pAkt) and the expression of PIK3CA status detection,immunohistochemical method,in-depth analysis is made to the relationship between the development of tumor; The expression of tumour stage,prognosis and IK3CA comprehensive analysis of the relationship between.Result:Tissue adjacent to carcinoma,pAkt in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue,the expression of PIK3CA increased significantly(P<0.05). There was a significant correlation between the degree of overexpression of PIK3CA and clinical stage(T stage: r=0.437,P<0.01;N stage: r=0.318,P<0.05; clinical stage:r=0.496,P<0.01).Compared with PIK3CA-negative patients,PIK3CA-positive patients had a worse overall survival(P<0.01).Conclusion:PIK3CA is highly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma,which is significantly associated with worse clinical stage and worse overall survival prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yao
- Department of Oncology,Tumour Hospital,the Second People's Hospital of Yichang,China Three Gorges University,Yichang,443000,China
| | - J J Zhang
- Department of Oncology,Tumour Hospital,the Second People's Hospital of Yichang,China Three Gorges University,Yichang,443000,China
| | - L Han
- Department of Oncology,Tumour Hospital,the Second People's Hospital of Yichang,China Three Gorges University,Yichang,443000,China
| | - R Pang
- Department of Oncology,Tumour Hospital,the Second People's Hospital of Yichang,China Three Gorges University,Yichang,443000,China
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Yao X, Zhang JJ, Han L, Pang R. [The ralationship between SUV values in PET/CT and clinical staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017; 31:464-466;474. [PMID: 29871287 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:The purpose of this study was to research the relationship between SUVmax-T, SUVmaxN and SUVmax value in the PET/CT and clinical stage in patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Method:Collect the clinical data and SUX values of Fifty-four patients.The statistical analyses were performed by SPSS21.0 statistical software for Windows and the Pearson correlation analysis was used for data analysis. Result:SUVmaxT was significantly associated with T stage and clinical stage(P<0.05);SUVmaxN was significantly associated with N stage and clinical stage(P<0.01);SUVmax was significantly associated with T stage, N stage and clinical stage(P<0.01); there was no statistically significant difference betweeen SUVmax and pathology (P>0.05). Conclusion:The SUV values in PET/CT were associated with clinical stage of nasopharyngeal carcinioma(NPC).
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yao
- Department of Oncology,the Second People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang,443000,China
| | - J J Zhang
- Department of Oncology,the Second People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang,443000,China
| | - L Han
- Department of Oncology,the Second People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang,443000,China
| | - R Pang
- Department of Oncology,the Second People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang,443000,China
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Hirst JE, Villar J, Victora CG, Papageorghiou AT, Finkton D, Barros FC, Gravett MG, Giuliani F, Purwar M, Frederick IO, Pang R, Cheikh Ismail L, Lambert A, Stones W, Jaffer YA, Altman DG, Noble JA, Ohuma EO, Kennedy SH, Bhutta ZA. The antepartum stillbirth syndrome: risk factors and pregnancy conditions identified from the INTERGROWTH-21 st Project. BJOG 2016; 125:1145-1153. [PMID: 28029221 PMCID: PMC6055673 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify risk factors for antepartum stillbirth, including fetal growth restriction, among women with well-dated pregnancies and access to antenatal care. DESIGN Population-based, prospective, observational study. SETTING Eight international urban populations. POPULATION Pregnant women and their babies enrolled in the Newborn Cross-Sectional Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. METHODS Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare risks among antepartum stillborn and liveborn babies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Antepartum stillbirth was defined as any fetal death after 16 weeks' gestation before the onset of labour. RESULTS Of 60 121 babies, 553 were stillborn (9.2 per 1000 births), of which 445 were antepartum deaths (7.4 per 1000 births). After adjustment for site, risk factors were low socio-economic status, hazard ratio (HR): 1.6 (95% CI, 1.2-2.1); single marital status, HR 2.0 (95% CI, 1.4-2.8); age ≥40 years, HR 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4-3.7); essential hypertension, HR 4.0 (95% CI, 2.7-5.9); HIV/AIDS, HR 4.3 (95% CI, 2.0-9.1); pre-eclampsia, HR 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1-3.8); multiple pregnancy, HR 3.3 (95% CI, 2.0-5.6); and antepartum haemorrhage, HR 3.3 (95% CI, 2.5-4.5). Birth weight <3rd centile was associated with antepartum stillbirth [HR, 4.6 (95% CI, 3.4-6.2)]. The greatest risk was seen in babies not suspected to have been growth restricted antenatally, with an HR of 5.0 (95% CI, 3.6-7.0). The population-attributable risk of antepartum death associated with small-for-gestational-age neonates diagnosed at birth was 11%. CONCLUSIONS Antepartum stillbirth is a complex syndrome associated with several risk factors. Although small babies are at higher risk, current growth restriction detection strategies only modestly reduced the rate of stillbirth. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT International stillbirth study finds individual risks poor predictors of death but combinations promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Hirst
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Villar
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C G Victora
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - A T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D Finkton
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - F C Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - M G Gravett
- Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth (GAPPS), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - F Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Purwar
- Nagpur INTERGROWTH-21st Research Centre, Ketkar Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - I O Frederick
- Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Pang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - L Cheikh Ismail
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Lambert
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - W Stones
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Y A Jaffer
- Department of Family & Community Health, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - D G Altman
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J A Noble
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E O Ohuma
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S H Kennedy
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Z A Bhutta
- Division of Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.,Center for Global Health for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Papageorghiou AT, Kemp B, Stones W, Ohuma EO, Kennedy SH, Purwar M, Salomon LJ, Altman DG, Noble JA, Bertino E, Gravett MG, Pang R, Cheikh Ismail L, Barros FC, Lambert A, Jaffer YA, Victora CG, Bhutta ZA, Villar J. Ultrasound-based gestational-age estimation in late pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 48:719-726. [PMID: 26924421 PMCID: PMC6680349 DOI: 10.1002/uog.15894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accurate gestational-age (GA) estimation, preferably by ultrasound measurement of fetal crown-rump length before 14 weeks' gestation, is an important component of high-quality antenatal care. The objective of this study was to determine how GA can best be estimated by fetal ultrasound for women who present for the first time late in pregnancy with uncertain or unknown menstrual dates. METHODS INTERGROWTH-21st was a large, prospective, multicenter, population-based project performed in eight geographically defined urban populations. One of its principal components, the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study, aimed to develop international fetal growth standards. Each participant had their certain menstrual dates confirmed by first-trimester ultrasound examination. Fetal head circumference (HC), biparietal diameter (BPD), occipitofrontal diameter (OFD), abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL) were measured every 5 weeks from 14 weeks' gestation until delivery. For each participant, a single, randomly selected ultrasound examination was used to explore all candidate biometric variables and permutations to build models to predict GA. Regression equations were ranked based upon minimization of the mean prediction error, goodness of fit and model complexity. An automated machine learning algorithm, the Genetic Algorithm, was adapted to evaluate > 64 000 potential polynomial equations as predictors. RESULTS Of the 4607 eligible women, 4321 (94%) had a pregnancy without major complications and delivered a live singleton without congenital malformations. After other exclusions (missing measurements in GA window and outliers), the final sample comprised 4229 women. Two skeletal measures, HC and FL, produced the best GA prediction, given by the equation loge (GA) = 0.03243 × (loge (HC))2 + 0.001644 × FL × loge (HC) + 3.813. When FL was not available, the best equation based on HC alone was loge (GA) = 0.05970 × (loge (HC))2 + 0.000000006409 × (HC)3 + 3.3258. The estimated uncertainty of GA prediction (half width 95% interval) was 6-7 days at 14 weeks' gestation, 12-14 days at 26 weeks' gestation and > 14 days in the third trimester. The addition of FL to the HC model led to improved prediction intervals compared with using HC alone, but no further improvement in prediction was afforded by adding AC, BPD or OFD. Equations that included other measurements (BPD, OFD and AC) did not perform better. CONCLUSIONS Among women initiating antenatal care late in pregnancy, a single set of ultrasound measurements combining HC and FL in the second trimester can be used to estimate GA with reasonable accuracy. We recommend this tool for underserved populations but considerable efforts should be implemented to improve early initiation of antenatal care worldwide. © 2016 Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. T. Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - B. Kemp
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - W. Stones
- Faculty of Health SciencesAga Khan UniversityNairobiKenya
- School of MedicineUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsScotland
| | - E. O. Ohuma
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - S. H. Kennedy
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - M. Purwar
- Nagpur INTERGROWTH‐21 Research CentreKetkar HospitalNagpurIndia
| | - L. J. Salomon
- Maternité Necker‐Enfants Malades, AP‐HPUniversité Paris DescartesParisFrance
| | - D. G. Altman
- Center for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of OrthopaedicsRheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - J. A. Noble
- Department of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - E. Bertino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell'Adolescenza, Cattedra di NeonatologiaUniversità degli Studi di TorinoTurinItaly
| | - M. G. Gravett
- Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth (GAPPS)SeattleWAUSA
| | - R. Pang
- School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - L. Cheikh Ismail
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - F. C. Barros
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Saúde e ComportamentoUniversidade Católica de PelotasPelotasRSBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em EpidemiologiaUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasRSBrazil
| | - A. Lambert
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Y. A. Jaffer
- Department of Family & Community HealthMinistry of HealthMuscatSultanate of Oman
| | - C. G. Victora
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em EpidemiologiaUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasRSBrazil
| | - Z. A. Bhutta
- Division of Women & Child HealthThe Aga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
- Center for Global HealthHospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada
| | - J. Villar
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Liu N, Xu X, Pang R, Raman PS, Khursheed A, van Kan JA. Brightness measurement of an electron impact gas ion source for proton beam writing applications. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:02A903. [PMID: 26931964 DOI: 10.1063/1.4932005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We are developing a high brightness nano-aperture electron impact gas ion source, which can create ion beams from a miniature ionization chamber with relatively small virtual source sizes, typically around 100 nm. A prototype source of this kind was designed and successively micro-fabricated using integrated circuit technology. Experiments to measure source brightness were performed inside a field emission scanning electron microscope. The total output current was measured to be between 200 and 300 pA. The highest estimated reduced brightness was found to be comparable to the injecting focused electron beam reduced brightness. This translates into an ion reduced brightness that is significantly better than that of conventional radio frequency ion sources, currently used in single-ended MeV accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Liu
- Centre for Ion Beam Applications, Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542
| | - X Xu
- Centre for Ion Beam Applications, Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542
| | - R Pang
- Centre for Ion Beam Applications, Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542
| | - P Santhana Raman
- Centre for Ion Beam Applications, Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542
| | - A Khursheed
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
| | - J A van Kan
- Centre for Ion Beam Applications, Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542
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Ng L, Wan T, Chow A, Man J, Iyer D, Leung WK, Yau T, Lo O, Foo D, Poon J, Law WL, Pang R. 37P Serum microRNAs as potential biomarker for screening colorectal cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv518.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Pang R, Li Y, Dong Y, Liang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Identification of promoter polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 CYP6AY1 linked with insecticide resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Insect Mol Biol 2014; 23:768-778. [PMID: 25124988 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is primarily the result of the over-expression of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Here, a field-collected strain of N. lugens was shown to be highly resistant to both imidacloprid and buprofezin. Insecticide exposure and quantitative real-time PCR revealed that its resistance was mainly associated with a cytochrome P450 gene, CYP6AY1. CYP6AY1 is known to metabolize imidacloprid but its effect on buprofezin is unclear. In the 5'-untranslated region of CYP6AY1, a novel alternative splicing was detected. After a 1990-bp promoter region was cloned, its basal luciferase activity was assessed. Furthermore, genotyping studies identified 12 variations in the promoter region that discriminated between the field-collected and control strain. Finally, survival bioassays revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism and an insertion-deletion polymorphism linked to buprofezin and imidacloprid resistance. Mutagenesis of these sites enhanced the promoter activity of CYP6AY1. These results suggest that promoter polymorphisms may affect P450-mediated multiple insecticide resistance of pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Papageorghiou AT, Kennedy SH, Salomon LJ, Ohuma EO, Cheikh Ismail L, Barros FC, Lambert A, Carvalho M, Jaffer YA, Bertino E, Gravett MG, Altman DG, Purwar M, Noble JA, Pang R, Victora CG, Bhutta ZA, Villar J. International standards for early fetal size and pregnancy dating based on ultrasound measurement of crown-rump length in the first trimester of pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 44:641-8. [PMID: 25044000 PMCID: PMC4286014 DOI: 10.1002/uog.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are no international standards for relating fetal crown-rump length (CRL) to gestational age (GA), and most existing charts have considerable methodological limitations. The INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project aimed to produce the first international standards for early fetal size and ultrasound dating of pregnancy based on CRL measurement. METHODS Urban areas in eight geographically diverse countries that met strict eligibility criteria were selected for the prospective, population-based recruitment, between 9 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks' gestation, of healthy well-nourished women with singleton pregnancies at low risk of fetal growth impairment. GA was calculated on the basis of a certain last menstrual period, regular menstrual cycle and lack of hormonal medication or breastfeeding in the preceding 2 months. CRL was measured using strict protocols and quality-control measures. All women were followed up throughout pregnancy until delivery and hospital discharge. Cases of neonatal and fetal death, severe pregnancy complications and congenital abnormalities were excluded from the study. RESULTS A total of 4607 women were enrolled in the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study, one of the three main components of the INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project, of whom 4321 had a live singleton birth in the absence of severe maternal conditions or congenital abnormalities detected by ultrasound or at birth. The CRL was measured in 56 women at < 9 + 0 weeks' gestation; these were excluded, resulting in 4265 women who contributed data to the final analysis. The mean CRL and SD increased with GA almost linearly, and their relationship to GA is given by the following two equations (in which GA is in days and CRL in mm): mean CRL = -50.6562 + (0.815118 × GA) + (0.00535302 × GA(2) ); and SD of CRL = -2.21626 + (0.0984894 × GA). GA estimation is carried out according to the two equations: GA = 40.9041 + (3.21585 × CRL(0.5) ) + (0.348956 × CRL); and SD of GA = 2.39102 + (0.0193474 × CRL). CONCLUSIONS We have produced international prescriptive standards for early fetal linear size and ultrasound dating of pregnancy in the first trimester that can be used throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Jiang LH, Zhang YL, Gong XM, Pang R, Zhang S, Li CY, Su Q. LiSr4(BO3)3:Ce3+ phosphor as a new material for ESR dosimetry. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 84:66-9. [PMID: 24321766 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
LiSr4(BO3)3:0.01Ce(3+) phosphor was investigated to assess its potential as a material for measurements of radiotherapeutic doses with electron spin resonance (ESR). The ESR spectrum of the phosphor irradiated with (60)Co features five ESR signals. An isochronal annealing experiment has shown that the strongest of these signals is associated with the same trap center as the 473 K peak on the TL glow curve of this material. The dose-response is linear in the studied range from 0.89 to 90.30 Gy. Fading of the signal was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Application of Rare Earth Resources, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Y L Zhang
- Ionizing Radiation Division, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 110000, China
| | - X M Gong
- Ionizing Radiation Division, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 110000, China
| | - R Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Application of Rare Earth Resources, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - S Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Application of Rare Earth Resources, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - C Y Li
- State Key Laboratory of Application of Rare Earth Resources, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Q Su
- State Key Laboratory of Application of Rare Earth Resources, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Eskenazi B, Bradman A, Finkton D, Purwar M, Noble JA, Pang R, Burnham O, Cheikh Ismail L, Farhi F, Barros FC, Lambert A, Papageorghiou AT, Carvalho M, Jaffer YA, Bertino E, Gravett MG, Altman DG, Ohuma EO, Kennedy SH, Bhutta ZA, Villar J. A rapid questionnaire assessment of environmental exposures to pregnant women in the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. BJOG 2013; 120 Suppl 2:129-38, v. [PMID: 24028080 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Impaired fetal growth and preterm birth are the leading causes of neonatal and infant mortality worldwide and there is a growing scientific literature suggesting that environmental exposures during pregnancy may play a causal role in these outcomes. Our purpose was to assess the environmental exposure of the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study (FGLS) participants in the multinational INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project. First, we developed a tool that could be used internationally to screen pregnant women for such exposures and administered it in eight countries on a subsample (n = 987) of the FGLS participants. The FGLS is a study of fetal growth among healthy pregnant women living in relatively affluent areas, at low risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and environmental exposures. We confirmed that most women were not exposed to major environmental hazards that could affect pregnancy outcomes according to the protocol's entry criteria. However, the instrument was able to identify some women that reported various environmental concerns in their homes such as peeling paint, high residential density (>1 person per room), presence of rodents or cockroaches (hence the use of pesticides), noise pollution and safety concerns. This screening tool was therefore useful for the purposes of the project and can be used to ascertain environmental exposures in studies in which the primary aim is not focused on environmental exposures. The instrument can be used to identify subpopulations for more in-depth assessment, (e.g. environmental and biological laboratory markers) to pinpoint areas requiring education, intervention or policy change.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Niu Y, Pang R, Zhu C, Hayashi M, Fujimura Y, Lin S, Shen Y. Quantum chemical calculation of intramolecular vibrational redistribution and vibrational energy transfer of water clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xu FX, Zhou X, Shen F, Pang R, Liu SM. Decreased peripheral blood mitochondrial DNA content is related to HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose level and age of onset in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2012; 29:e47-54. [PMID: 22211946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content is essential for maintaining normal mitochondrial function, and the mitochondrial function is critical for the production and the release of insulin in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. We investigated whether peripheral blood mtDNA content was reduced in Type 2 diabetes, and what were the major factors? METHODS The mtDNA content of peripheral blood in a sample of 147 Type 2 diabetes and 170 normal Chinese subjects was determined by amplification of the mitochondrial gene CYT-B and normalized by a nuclear DNA β-globin gene. Fasting plasma glucose, HbA(1c) , fasting plasma insulin and lipid profile (HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride) were analysed with commercial kits on an automatic analyser. RESULTS In Type 2 diabetes group, the mean HbA(1c) was 62 mmol/mol (7.8%). Moreover, BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting plasma insulin and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance were significantly higher in Type 2 diabetes group than that in control group. Peripheral blood mtDNA content was 24% lower than that in the controls (1.4 ± 0.5 vs. 1.8 ± 0.7, P < 0.001). The mtDNA content was negatively correlated with BMI, fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (P < 0.01), and age, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol levels (P < 0.05); while positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol level (P < 0.05) in both groups. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that HbA(1c), fasting plasma glucose and age of onset were the major factors affecting the mtDNA content in the Type 2 diabetes group; however, BMI was the only variable associated with lower mtDNA content in control group. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that lower peripheral blood mtDNA content is associated with Type 2 diabetes in Chinese individuals, and HbA(1c), fasting plasma glucose and age of onset are the major factors affecting the mtDNA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- F X Xu
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Yau T, Wong H, Chan P, Yao TJ, Pang R, Cheung TT, Fan ST, Poon RT. Phase II study of bevacizumab and erlotinib in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients with sorafenib-refractory disease. Invest New Drugs 2012; 30:2384-90. [PMID: 22402942 PMCID: PMC3484314 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The combination of bevacizumab (B) and erlotinib (E) has shown promising clinical outcomes as the first-line treatment of advanced HCC patients. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using combination of B + E in treating advanced HCC patients who had failed prior sorafenib treatment. Methods Eligible advanced HCC patients with documented radiological evidence of disease progression with sorafenib treatment were recruited. All patients received bevacizumab(B) at 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks with erlotinib(E) at 150 mg daily for a maximum of 6 cycles. Response assessments using both RECIST and modified RECIST criteria were performed after every 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was clinical benefit (CB) rate and a Simon two-stage design was employed. Results The trial was halted in the first stage according to the pre-set statistical criteria with 10 patients recruited. The median age was 47 years (range, 28–61) and all patients were in ECOG performance status 1. Eighty percent of patients were chronic hepatitis B carriers and all patients had Child A cirrhosis. Among these 10 patients, none of the enrolled patients achieved response or stable disease. The median time-to-progression was 1.81 months (95 % confidence interval [C.I.], 1.08–1.74 months) and overall survival was 4.37 months (95 % C.I., 1.08–11.66 months). Rash (70 %), diarrhea (50 %) and malaise (40 %) were the most commonly encountered toxicities. Conclusion The combination of B + E was well tolerated but had no activity in an unselected sorafenib-refractory advanced HCC population. Condensed abstract The combination of bevacizumab and erlotinib had no clinical activity in sorafenib-refractory HCC population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Yau
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Room 211B, 2/F New Clinical Building, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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Yau T, Leung RC, Wong H, Chiu J, Chan P, Pang R, Fan ST, Poon RTP. Efficacy and safety of single-agent sunitinib in treating patients with advanced hepatocelluar carcinoma after sorafenib failure: A prospective, open-label, phase II study. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.4082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lau CK, Yang ZF, Ho DW, Lam CT, Pang R, Fan ST, Poon RT. Abstract 2554: Synergistic antitumor effect of AUY922 in combination with sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
PURPOSE: Molecularly targeted therapy is of particular importance for HCC due to a lack of efficacy with currently approved chemo-toxic therapies. It is of interest to investigate the combined effect of two molecular targeted drugs, sorafenib (a multi-kinase inhibitor with anti-angiogenic, pro-apoptotic and Raf kinase inhibitory activity) and a highly potent non-geldamycin HSP90 inhibitor, NVP-AUY922 on HCC treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS: Cell viability after different treatments was measured by both 3,[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] -2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and cytofluorometric annexin-V apoptotic assay to compare the apoptotic cells induced by single versus combined treatment. Cell cycle analysis was also performed, and Western blotting was employed to determine the effects on MEK signaling, and in vivo efficacy was determined in nude mice with PLC/PRF/5 xenografts. RESULTS: Combined drugs treatment produced a synergistic effect on decreased HCC cell viability shown by MTT assay. An increase in the number of apoptotic cells were observed by apoptotic assay in combined drugs group when compared with single agents sorafenib or NVP-AUY922. Also, sorafenib combined with NVP-AUY922 induced S-phase arrest which was demonstrated by cell cycle analysis. Sorafenib alone decreases phospho-Erk1/2 expression, and this effect was further enhanced in combination treatment with NVP-AUY922. Finally, sorafenib plus NVP-AUY922 significantly suppressed PLC/PRF/5 xenograft tumor growth when compared with single (NVP-AUY922 or Sorafenib) treatment alone. CONCLUSION: The combination therapy of sorafenib and NVP-AUY922 can be a new and promising therapeutic approach to the treatment of HCC.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2554. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2554
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Keung Lau
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Z F. Yang
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - D W. Ho
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C T. Lam
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - R Pang
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S T. Fan
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - R T. Poon
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Yau CC, Chan P, Pang R, Chan W, Cheng PN, Poon R. A phase I study of recombinant human arginase I (rhArgI) for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Zhang W, Jiang B, Guo Z, Sardet C, Zou B, Lam CSC, Li J, He M, Lan HY, Pang R, Hung IFN, Tan VPY, Wang J, Wong BCY. Four-and-a-half LIM protein 2 promotes invasive potential and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colon cancer. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1220-9. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Pang R, Zhang Y, Pan X, Gu R, Hou X, Xiang P, Liu Z, Zhu X, Hu J, Zhao J, Zhang C. Embryonic-like stem cell derived from adult bone marrow: immature morphology, cell surface markers, ultramicrostructure and differentiation into multinucleated fibers in vitro. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2010; 56 Suppl:OL1276-OL1285. [PMID: 20385079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic-like stem cell (ELSC), expressing part of surface markers of human embryonic stem cells, may be a better candidate for cell therapy of degenerative muscular disease than mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). We isolated ELSC and MSC from bone marrow, respectively, and compared their differences in the characteristics and the capacity of myogenic differentiation. Results showed that ELSC could be isolated successfully from 3 adult bone marrow samples by using serum-free medium with 10ng/ml basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). At the same cell density, MSC could also be isolated from the same samples by using DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% new cattle serum. However, ELSC appeared as small, morphologically slenderer, upregulated expression of SSEA-4 and ultramicroscopically more immature than MSC derived from the same samples. Immunofluorescent staining and RT-PCR analysis showed ELSC weakly expressed Oct-4, Nanog-3 and Sox-2. Moreover, ELSC and MSC could be induced into long, multinucleated fibers expressing myogenin and myosin heavy chain (MHC) in myogenic differentiation medium, but by day 10, proportion of multinucleated fibers positive for MHC was respectively 25.0%+/-6.9% and 13.8%+/-7.6% in ELSC and MSC culture. These data suggest that bone marrow derived ELSC represent an ideal candidate for cell therapy of degenerative muscular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
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Qiao L, Li GHY, Dai Y, Wang J, Li Z, Zou B, Gu Q, Ma J, Pang R, Lan HY, Wong BCY. Gene expression profile in colon cancer cells with respect to XIAP expression status. Int J Colorectal Dis 2009; 24:245-60. [PMID: 18704457 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-008-0566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We observed a marked synergism between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) down-regulation in colon cancer. In the current study, we detected the gene expression profile in HCT116 cells treated with or without PPARgamma ligand troglitazone. MATERIALS AND METHODS HCT116-XIAP(+/+) and HCT116-XIAP(-/-) cells were treated with or without 50 microM troglitazone for 48 h. Gene expressions were detected by microarray, and selected genes were validated by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, and Western blot. RESULTS Relative to HCT116-XIAP(+/+) cells, 58 genes were up-regulated and 33 genes down-regulated in HCT116-XIAP(-/-) cells, all by > or =4-fold. These genes could be classified into a wide variety of functional classes, but we focused on those related to angiogenesis, apoptosis, and proliferation. Thus, two pro-apoptotic genes and one pro-proliferation gene were up-regulated in HCT116-XIAP(-/-) cells. Two pro-proliferation genes, one pro-angiogenesis gene, one anti-angiogenesis gene, and one anti-apoptosis gene were down-regulated in HCT116-XIAP(-/-) cells. Relative to HCT116-XIAP(+/+) cells treated with troglitazone, 137 genes were up-regulated, and 31 genes were down-regulated in troglitazone-treated HCT116-XIAP(-/-) cells, all by > or =4-fold. Among the up-regulated genes were two anti-angiogenesis genes, seven pro-apoptosis genes, and six anti-proliferation genes. Among the down-regulated genes were one anti-angiogenesis gene, one pro-angiogenesis gene, one anti-apoptosis gene, one anti-proliferation gene, and two pro-proliferation genes. CONCLUSION Down-regulation of XIAP in HCT116 cells with or without troglitazone treatment was associated with changes of gene expression that favor increased tendency of apoptosis, decreased cell proliferation, and angiogenesis potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qiao
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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Abstract
Background:Wnt signalling has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer.Methods:This study investigated the activity of Wnt signalling in peripheral blood chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) lymphocytes, and the methylation status of seven soluble Wnt antagonist genes, including WIF1, DKK3, APC, SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4 and SFRP5, by using methylation-specific PCR in the peripheral blood CLL lymphocytes and bone marrow samples of patients with CLL at diagnosis.Results:In the peripheral blood CLL lymphocytes, constitutive activation of Wnt signalling was detected, associated with hypermethylation of the soluble Wnt inhibitor genes. In the diagnostic CLL marrow samples, methylation of the seven genes was detected in up to 36.4% of samples. Moreover, 23 (52.3%) patients had methylation of at least one of the seven genes, of whom 14 (60.8%) had methylation of two or more Wnt inhibitor genes. Apart from an association of advanced age with DKK3 methylation, there was no association of gene hypermethylation with either clinical characteristics (including age, gender, lymphocyte count at diagnosis, Rai stage and poor-risk karyotype) or survival.Conclusion:Wnt signalling is constitutively activated in CLL B lymphocytes in association with methylation of multiple soluble Wnt antagonist genes. Methylation of these soluble Wnt antagonist genes, occasionally multiple genes, in primary CLL marrow samples suggests an important role in CLL pathogenesis. Moreover, this study underscored the importance of studying methylation of a panel of, but not individual, genes regulating a cellular pathway.
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Abstract
Wnt signaling has recently been implicated in carcinogenesis. We studied the activity of Wnt signaling and the methylation status of WIF1, DKK3, APC, SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4 and SFRP5 by methylation-specific PCR in myeloma cell lines and primary myeloma samples. Of the four cell lines, Wnt signaling was constitutively activated in LP1 and WL2, correlating with hypermethylation and hence silencing. Moreover, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment of these two cell lines showed progressive demethylation of methylated Wnt inhibitors, re-expression of transcripts and downregulation of Wnt signaling. In both LP1 and WL2 cells, multiple Wnts and Fzs were simultaneously expressed. Treatment of WL2, in which SFRP1 was completely methylated, with recombinant secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) induced downregulation of Wnt signaling and inhibition of proliferation. In primary myeloma samples, 42% patients had methylation of at least one of these seven genes, of which 61.9% had > or = 2 genes methylated. In conclusion, Wnt signaling is constitutively activated in myeloma, associated with methylation silencing of one or multiple soluble Wnt antagonists. An autocrine loop regulating Wnt signaling was demonstrated in the myeloma plasma cells, in which cellular proliferation was efficiently inhibited by recombinant SFRP1. Methylation study of a panel of genes, regulating a cellular pathway instead of isolated genes, is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Chim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Xie L, Pang R, Jin Y, Xiang S, Li H. Effects of hepatic artery chemotherapeutic embolization combined with perfusing LAK cells into hepatic artery after radical operation of liver cancer. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2000; 8:142-3. [PMID: 10880159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of hepatic artery chemotherapeutic embolization combined with perfusing LAK cells/interleukin 2 into hepatic artery after radical operation of liver cancer. METHODS Random divide 42 cases into two groups who had accepted radical operation of liver cancer: 21 cases who accepted hepatic artery chemotherapeutic embolization combined with perfusing LAK cells/interleukin 2 into hepatic artery as observing group, 21 cases accepted simply hepatic artery chemotherapeutic embolization as control group. RESULTS The intrahepatic recurrence rates of 1, 2, and 3 years were 0, 19.05%, 57.14% in observing group, lower than 28.57%, 47.62%, 85.71% of control group (chi(2)=4.86, 3. 86 and 4.20 respectively, P<0.05). The survival rates of 2 and 3 years were 85.71%, 61.90% in observing group, higher than 57.14%, 28. 57% of control group (chi(2)=4.20 and 4.71, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Hepatic artery chemotherapeutic embolization combined with perfusing LAK cells/interleukin 2 into hepatic artery is an effective therapeutic method to control intrahepatic recurrence rates and raise the survival rates of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming 650031, China
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Hu D, Pang R, Se X, Lei D, Volpe AR, DeVizio W, Petrone ME, Zhang Y, Chaknis P, Miller S, Miller J. [The efficacy on natural extrinsic stain of Colgate whitening dentifrice--eight-week study]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 1999; 17:251-3. [PMID: 12539298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect on natural extrinsic dental stain by use of a dentifrice containing 1% tetrasodium polyphosphate (TSPP), 7% sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), 0.243% sodium fluoride and 10% high cleaning silica (HCS) over an eight-week period was compared to a sodium fluoride/silica placebo dentifrice without stain removal ingredients. METHODS Ninety one subjects were selected and stratified into two balanced groups randomly assigned to use the test dentifrice or the placebo dentifrice. The two groups were well balanced with regard to their mean baseline stain index scores, gender and tobacco habits. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily (morning and evening) for one minute with their assigned dentifrice and a commercially available soft bristled toothbrush. Extrinsic dental stain examinations, which included mean stain area and mean stain intensity, were conducted at baseline, four and eight weeks. The same dental examiner conducted examinations on the subjects at each examination. RESULTS After eight-week use of their assigned products, those subjects in the TSPP/STPP/HCS dentifrice group demonstrated a statistically significant (P = 0.0001) stain reduction of 37.1%, as compared to the fluoride placebo dentifrice group without stain removal ingredients. CONCLUSION The use of a dentifrice containing 1% tetrasodium polyphosphate, 7% sodium tripolyphosphate, 0.243% sodium fluoride and 10% high cleaning silica is effective in reducing natural extrinsic dental stain, when compared to a placebo fluoride dentifrice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hu
- College of Stomatology, West China University of Medical Sciences
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Ching NP, Lumeng J, Pang R, Pang G, Or FW, Ching NW, Ching C. Interferon alpha-2b in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: early experience. Hawaii Med J 1998; 57:735-9. [PMID: 9893388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of interferon were assessed in the treatment of chronic Hepatitis C in multi-ethnic patients to prevent viral replication and chronic liver damage. Three million units of recombinant interferon alpha-2b were administered three times a week for 48 weeks to a group of 9 active Hepatitis C patients. A clinical response was defined as normalization of serum ALT values. Serum was frozen and stored for Hepatitis C viral assays. Four patients normalized their liver functions. When viral levels were measured only two patients had unmeasurable levels of HCV RNA after treatment. Therapeutic results were observed and much work needs to be done to improve therapy because a serious epidemic is predicted for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Ching
- Department of Surgery, John A Burns School of Medicine, St. Francis Medical Center University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
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Ching N, Lumeng J, Pang R, Pang G, Or FW, Ching N, Ching C. Long-term low dose interferon alpha-2b in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in multi-ethnic patients in Hawaii. Hawaii Med J 1996; 55:201-3. [PMID: 8942117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of interferon were assessed in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in multi-ethnic patients to prevent viral replication and chronic liver damage. Five million units of recombinant interferon alpha-2b were administered three times a week for 48 weeks to a group of 18 chronic active hepatitis B patients. A complete response was defined as seroconversion to anti-HBe and/or loss of HBe antigen. Seroconversion to anti-HBe in 5 of 12 (42%) chronic active hepatitis B patients occurred after 48 weeks of therapy. HBV-DNA decreased to undetectable levels in 8 of 12 (67%) patients. This chronic low-dose interferon administration regimen demonstrated responses comparable to other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ching
- Department of Surgery, John A Burns School of Medicine, St. Francis Medical Center University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817, USA
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Abstract
Pavlovian fear conditioning was employed to investigate learning during general anesthesia. Mice were given three CS-UCS presentations while anesthetized with halothane. The CS was a 10-s tone and the UCS a 0.4-mA shock delivered intramuscularly to the hindlimbs via needle electrodes. Anesthetized control groups received either CS only, UCS only, or CS followed by a 3-min delayed UCS. Strength of fear conditioning was assessed by measuring duration of suppression of drinking induced by tone presentation in a test session conducted 24 h after training. Results showed that mice trained under anesthesia exhibited a significant amount of conditioned suppression relative to the anesthetized control groups. These results show that Pavlovian fear conditioning can occur under halothane anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Medical Center, New York 10010, USA
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Abstract
The amnestic effects of the intravenous hypnotic anesthetic agent 2,6-diisopropylphenol (propofol; Diprivan) were studied in a single-trial passive avoidance task. Mice were injected with propofol 10 min before or immediately after training. Memory was impaired in a dose-dependent fashion when the anesthetic was administered before learning, but no amnesia was apparent with posttraining injections. Examination of the acquisition of passive avoidance using a multitrial task showed that propofol-treated mice learned the response normally but forgot the learning significantly faster than vehicle-treated controls. The anterograde amnesia was not the result of state-dependent learning. Propofol also disrupted extinction of fear conditioning when the anesthetic was given during the extinction session. Propofol-induced amnesia could be attenuated by amphetamine (1 mg/kg) injected 30 min before the retention test.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016
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Abstract
Effects of exposure to halothane on memory processing was studied using single-trial inhibitory avoidance learning to measure retention. Mice were anesthetized with halothane either before training, immediately after training, or both before training and before testing. Results showed that memory was not impaired by posttraining halothane exposure, indicating that the anesthetic does not cause retrograde amnesia. Mice trained after recovery from halothane showed a robust memory loss 24 h later. This deficit could be alleviated by reexposure to the anesthetic before the retention test. Mice given multiple training trials following recovery from the anesthetic showed a normal rate of learning when compared with controls, but deficient retention. This indicates that the performance deficit was the result of impaired retention (anterograde amnesia) rather than disrupted acquisition. Anterograde amnesia occurred when training was delayed up to 2 h after recovery from anesthesia. These findings indicate that the memory impairment following halothane anesthesia is the result of a state-dependent retrieval failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rosman
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016
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Cutting CB, Bardach J, Pang R. A comparative study of the skin envelope of the unilateral cleft lip nose subsequent to rotation-advancement and triangular flap lip repairs. Plast Reconstr Surg 1989; 84:409-17; discussion 418-9. [PMID: 2762399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The secondary nasal skin envelope asymmetries were studied after unilateral cleft lip repair using the original (obsolete) rotation-advancement (Millard I) and the triangular flap techniques (Bardach's modification). Secondary correction of the nasal deformity was not performed in either group. Our findings indicated that in both groups, vertical asymmetries of the nasal skin envelope were similar. The alar dome on the cleft side was depressed, the columella was shorter on the cleft side, and there was hooding at the nostril apex. The principal difference between the two lip repairs was observed in the horizontal dimension of the nasal skin envelope. The position of the alar base was more normal following the Millard I repair, while the triangular flap repair left the alar base laterally displaced. When considered together with flattening of the cleft alar dome, a horizontal skin-envelope deficiency from middome to lateral alar crease was produced in the Millard I group. More lateral positioning of the alar base after the triangular flap technique minimized this horizontal skin deficiency. The triangular flap technique produced a secondary nasal deformity that looked worse but was easier to correct. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Cutting
- Cleft Palate Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City
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Licht P, McCreery BR, Barnes R, Pang R. Seasonal and stress related changes in plasma gonadotropins, sex steroids, and corticosterone in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1983; 50:124-45. [PMID: 6406295 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(83)90249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Studies of seasonal gonadal cycles combined with direct measurements of plasma levels of the two gonadotropins (FSH and LH), several gonadal steroids (estrogen, E; progesterone, P; testosterone, T; and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, DHT), and the interrenal steroid corticosterone (B) were made in male and female bullfrogs in central California over a 5-year period (between 1976 and 1981). During the course of these studies, we discovered that levels of plasma gonadotropins and steroids are highly labile and particularly sensitive to the effects of captivity, especially in males. In animals captured and sampled repeatedly in the field over a 3-day period, hormone levels remained constant, but if held in collecting sacks, gonadotropin and gonadal steroids began to drop within 2--4 hr and usually reached "baseline" levels within 20 hr. This effect was apparent in all seasons, except occasionally in early spring when hormone levels dropped by only about half. Hormone levels were also generally depressed by the time commercially collected frogs reached local supply houses. Plasma B increased within 30 min of capture and remained high for days in captive animals. Blood samples taken from several hundred animals at the time of capture reveal pronounced seasonal cycles in all hormones measured. These changes are discussed in connection with other gross changes in gonadal condition and with regard to possible interactions among gonadotropins and steroids. Both sexes show a general elevation of hormone levels in spring and early summer, but the sexes differ somewhat both in timing and in magnitude of the changes, as well as in the nature of the dominant steroids. Pronounced "surges" in gonadotropins are evident around the time of gamate release in bot sexes, but the temporal pattern of these surges is not the same for ovulation and spermiation; an elevation in plasma P is associated with the periovulatory surge in gonadotropins. Results were not entirely consistent with expectation of pituitary--gonadal relationships. Levels of plasma gonadotropins and steroids did not show the reciprocal relationship expected from a simple negative feed-back between gonadal and pituitary secretion, nor did changes in gonadotropins and gonadal activities show the consistent positive correlation expected from a direct dependence of gonadal function on circulating gonadotropins. In females, plasma T, but not E, correlated with ovarian growth. Plasma T in females reached much higher levels than in males, but DHT was higher in males. Androgens were generally elevated during the period of sexual activity in males, but absolute levels did not correlate well with individual differences in sexual behavior. Thus, seasonal changes in testicular and ovarian activities cannot be accounted for solely by seasonal cycles in circulating gonadotropin levels.
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Abstract
Two hundred and thirty-nine penicillinase-positive and 240 penicillinase-negative strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were tested for their susceptibility to cefotaxime. All were susceptible to cefotaxime at a concentration of 0.062 micrograms/ml. Penicillinase-negative strains were less susceptible than penicillinase-positive strains. This is attributed to the use of prophylactic antibiotics by prostitutes, which has led to the selection of less susceptible penicillinase-negative strains but has not affected the susceptibility of penicillinase-positive strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefotaxime showed significant positive correlations with those of penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and kanamycin but had a negative correlation with spectinomycin. The related cephalosporin, ceftizoxime, was found to be as effective as cefotaxime against penicillinase-positive and penicillinase-negative gonococci.
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Bee OB, Tan T, Pang R. A case of primary cutaneous cryptococcosis successfully treated with miconazole. Arch Dermatol 1981; 117:290-1. [PMID: 7224658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
An 81-year-old man with primary cutaneous cryptococcosis of the left forearm was treated with intravenous and oral miconazole nitrate. Culture for Cryptococcus became negative within three weeks. The ulcer healed within 25 days after treatment was started. Follow-up examination 1 1/2 years later showed no evidence of recurrent infection.
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Abstract
Ninety-seven patients with infections due to penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) were treated with single doses of gentamicin 280 mg intramuscularly. The failure rate among those followed up was 3%. No significant side effects were recorded. Gentamicin is a valuable alternative in the treatment of infections due to PPNG strains.
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Rajan VS, Sng EH, Pang R, Tan NJ, Thirumoorthy T, Yeo KL. HR 756--a new cephalosporin in the treatment of gonorrhoea caused by ordinary and penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Br J Vener Dis 1980; 56:255-8. [PMID: 6253023 PMCID: PMC1045791 DOI: 10.1136/sti.56.4.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
HR 756, a new cephalosporin, was used in single intramuscular doses of 500 mg to treat 108 men and women with gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) and non-PPNG. Of 102 patients followed up, 99 (97.05%) were cured. Cure rates for PPNG infections and non-PPNG infections were 98.18% and 95.74% respectively. Few adverse side effects were recorded but possible cross-sensitisation with penicillin was observed. Clinical and laboratory antibiotic susceptibility results correlated well. It is concluded that this drug is safe and effective in treating both PPNG and non-PPNG infectons.
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Oon CJ, Okuda K, Pang R. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma in the Asian Pacific region. Ann Acad Med Singap 1980; 9:190-2. [PMID: 6252810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This survey was conducted to obtain current data relating to the epidemiology, aetiological factors, diagnostic tests in use, effect of various treatments and the evaluation of the extent of any population screening procedures. From replies to questionnaires sent to countries in West, South, North, South East Asian and Oceania the data showed that Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma is common in most areas, but has a lower incidence amongst the non useful method of diagnosis. New biochemical and immunological markers are being studied. Untreated disease seldom survived more than 3 months. Various treatment protocols are being done since about 85% of tumours are non resectible at presentation. A population screening is done in China and on a risk groups in Taiwan and Singapore.
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Rajan VS, Lun KC, Phoon WO, Pang R, Khoo R. A socio-epidemiologic survey of veneral diseases among national servicemen attending a VD hospital in Singapore. Am J Epidemiol 1979; 109:701-8. [PMID: 582234 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Between September 22 and October 29, 1976, a socio-epidemiologic survey of venereal diseases (VD) was carried out at a hospital for VD and skin diseases in Singapore. The study subjects comprised 401 national servicemen from the Singapore Armed Forces who were selected by periodic stratified random sampling from among army patients at the hospital. These subjects were divided into two groups, one consisting of those suffering solely from venereal diseases and the other from non-venereal skin diseases only. Studies were made to compare the personal characteristics, educational and social backgrounds and sexual behavior between these two groups. On the basis of the results, a profile of a soldier likely to contract venereal diseases was made. The study showed that soldiers have inadequate knowledge of venereal diseases. Suggestions are made to improve education as to venereal diseases and to reduce risk of infection in the armed forces.
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Rajan VS, Pang R, Tan NJ, Sng EH. Kanamycin in the treatment of penicillinase-producing gonococcai infections. Asian J Infect Dis 1979; 3:37-9. [PMID: 115448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective study of 356 cases of bacteriologically proven penicillinase-producing gonococcal infections treated with a single dose of 2 g of kanamycin intramuscularly was carried out. It was found that 14 patients failed to complete followup examinations. Of the remaining 342 who were examined bacteriologically following treatment, 335 were found to be cured of the infection. The cure rate was 96%. No adverse reactions were noted after administration of the drug. Compared to the other drugs used, kanamycin was relatively cheaper. The authors conclude that kanamycin is safe, economical and very effective in the treatment of gonorrhoea caused by the strains of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in South East Asia.
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Pang R, Teh LB, Rajan VS, Sng EH. Gonoccocal ophthalmia neonatorum caused by beta-lactamase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Br Med J 1979; 1:380. [PMID: 761020 PMCID: PMC1597936 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.6160.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Rajan VS, Pang R. Treatment of chancroid with Bactrim. Ann Acad Med Singap 1979; 8:63-6. [PMID: 518004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacterim in either oral or intramuscular injection forms were given to 67 patients with Chancroid. It was found that after one week of treatment, clinical cure rate was 46.3% and bacteriological cure rate was 73.1%. After two weeks, the clinical cure rate was 77.6%. Three patients (4.5%) had persistent sores at the end of two weeks and only one of these (2.5%) was bacteriologically active. Twelve patients defaulted. Adverse side-effects were observed in five patients. The effectiveness of Streptomycin, Sulphonamide and Tetracyclines, the other commonly used therapeutic agents, was discussed and compared with Bactrim. It was concluded that Bactrim was a safe and effective drug to use, and recommended as an alternative to Streptomycin and Sulphonamides in the management of Chancroid.
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Rajan VS, Pang R, Sng EH. Inactivation of gonococci by procaine penicillin in vivo. A pilot study. Br J Vener Dis 1978; 54:398-9. [PMID: 737516 PMCID: PMC1045557 DOI: 10.1136/sti.54.6.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A pilot study was carried out of 25 male volunteers with gonococcal urethritis. After intramuscular administration of 3 megaunits procaine penicillin and 1 g oral probenecid the urethral culture results for Neisseria gonorrhoeae remained positive up to five hours and thereafter became negative. These results may be useful in providing guidelines for advice on the duration of sexual abstinence following treatment. It is suggested that similar studies should be carried out in women.
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Rajan VS, Pang R, Sng EH. An evaluation of treatment in gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum. Singapore Med J 1978; 19:86-8. [PMID: 751191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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